10

At Baker Lake in 1954, Kigjugalik(mother of Barnabas Pirjuaq) wasawarded a "good citizenship"medal by the Government ofCanada. She was one of 10,000Canadians from all walks of lifewho received this medal, whichcommemorated the Coronation ofOueen Elizabeth II in 1952. Thepeople in this photograph are:(1) Aliqtiksaq (Pirjuaq's brother);(2) Michael Amarook; (3) BasilKiblakoot; (4) Betty Hughson:(5) Oalrulaaq; (6) Kigjugalik;(7) Emima (wife of Aliqtiksaq):(8) RCMP officer; (9) MichaelPeryouar; (10) Inukpaaluk(Pirjuaq's wife).

'bLcr I :)<I'r 1954-'Jn'."Jp .... ~c-' (A ' ...<1 < <I':':,:)cr"'~,-~>" "ac-C",,,,~·...nr·"b...C~< ~<L·d'f"cr'. d,-r.,.~ ..."10,OOO-cr' :)cr"'~"'cr' o.... 'r­~C.,,'Ccr :)cr"'~'bC~"'cr C< ~r~ac-C",,,,~· ...nr·. a'~~L"'~­

cr'~~... ' da' dc-~A II da"J"­nC~cr~ 1952-r. a~a' C'<cr<I'i"c-~"(L"" ~d<l'J"": (1)<lc-"n' ~" (A ' ...<1 < <I~"'<I):

(2) Lad <lL? "; (3) i.~'f><,-'d'; (4) An Ha~(';

(5) ~'?":"; (6) P • ... k·;(7) aLaL (<lc-'n' ~~< ...r<l~);(8) >P"Cc-'; (9) LadA''''<I'; (10) a~'<-" (A' ...<I<...c-<l~) •

Oamani'tuarmi 1954-ngutilluguKigjugalik (Pirjuaq anaanaa) tuni­jaulaupuq "ilitarijaujjutimik"kanataup gavamakkunginnit. lIagi­jaujuq 10,OOO-nit tunijaujunitnanirmiutaluktaani tunijauqataujunitaapsuminga ilitarijaujjutimik.itqaumajauniksanganut OueenElizabeth II kuinnguqtitauninga1952-mi. Inuit tatvani ajjiliuqsima­jut ukuangujut: (1) Aliqtiksaq(Pirjuaq angajua): (2) MichaelAmarook; (3) Basil Kiblakoot;(4) Betty Hughson; (5) Oalrulaaq;(6) Kigjugalik; (7) Emima(Aliktiksaup nulianga); (8) Pukiq­talik; (9) Michael Peryouar;(10) Inukpaaluk (Pirjuaq nulianga).

I ,,*-· Indian and Northern... Affairs Canada

Affaires indienneset du Nord Canada

Published under the authority of the Minister ofIndian Affairs and Northern Development.Ottawa 1986.

C~J4 4~~~nc~~( 6~~~~~d( 4~~~b~~~(

<i:xr. 1986 .

Taakkua ajungiliqtitaujut inulirijikkutangajuqkaangannut. Ottawa, 1986.

Publication No. as-8376-010·HE·A1

•Minister of Supply and Services Canada

Sanalautun:

Working on this Issue:

"<L.~:;) ...

fnuktitut Magazine, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada,Ottawa. K1A OH4 Tele: (819) 994-0563

Table of ContentsC~<cr::>lI.

Tavvanitun

Fall, l> P<l' 0.:", Ukiaksaaq, 1986 No, 64

2Editorial<i~'f'" l>.i'r'Aaqqiksuijimit .

5 Life as It Wasl>.";()'b"a-~Inuusituqaviniq

21 Nadlak's Ancient Campsite~cL~r )A'b'''''a-)'b~

Naatlarmi Tupiqarvivinituqaq

28 Can Kayaks Come Back?'b'7l>.' t>n? \0.~~<C?

Qajait Utirungnaqpat?

35 The ICC at Kotzebue, Alaska!:J..JJ!:J.c rc..'<'<lrLr bnL'<'<l'a-'l,' b'rAI>. <l,> brInuit SHarjualimaami Katimarjuarninga, Kotzebue, Alaskami

43 Inuit Art!:J..JJ!:J.c \o.I>L'f"Inuit Sanaugangit

51 Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik's Tour?c <l"o.~~j( JJn.<lrt>< 1><l'7'a-'l,Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialiup Uajarninga

58 Father Franz Van de Velde Honoured<lCC ~<L ~L nML' l>'i'n.'7I>a-'l,Ataata Franz Van de Velde Utjirijauninga

59 I Came Here to GiveCLI>'l,c..I>\L JCT(7~~J~(L <J'l,Tamaungalaurama Tunisijaqtuqsimaplunga

Are you moving? Nuktirniujarpiit?

.s>'n'crl>""'t\C?

Name:<Jri'" :Atiin: _

Old Address::J, ?ri:J"'b!J.' :Turarutin: _

New Address:...C"" :J<; ?ri ... :Nutaqturarutiin.: _

David Webster, editor Cf..' f..<'C~. <1"'PI.1.,.:>o8asil KibJakoot 1\) 'if'<t..~d(

Sam Metcalfe ~L r' b',Deborah Evaluarjuk O:><j 6(J6 ~.J<

Roy Vontobel, consulting editor?6 (Lj> ... .1.b~"'.J.c1<JO'" nn'i"'n

lnuktitut magazine is published 10 provide Canada's Inuitwith information relating to the government's programsin the North, to promote the exchange of cultural infor­mation between Inuit groups in Canada and to encouragethe development of fnuilliterature. Published three or fourtimes a year, lnuktitut is mailed on request. The viewsexpressed are not necessarily those of Indian and North­ern Affairs Canada. Written contributions and photo­graphs from readers are invited. For further informationand rates paid write to:

Inuktitut

Inuktitut Uqalimaagaq titiratauvakpuq Canatamiut Inuittusaumatittumamut gavamakkut pivallialitamingnik ukiur·tartumi, i1iqusituqanik tusaumatittiqattautivalliajumamutInungnik i1agiingittunik Canatami ammalu Inuktituur­tunikitirarsimajuqalirpalliatiltijumamut. Titirartauvaklulikpingasuirsurlutikluunniit tisamaisurlutikluunniit arraagu­tamaat Canataup Inulirjikkunginnit, lnulditut akiqanngilunipijauvakpuq atiliurluni titiqatigut ammalu apiriluni. Taakuauqautaujut bakvani inulirijituqakunningalaringitut. Titirar­simajunik naksiujjait ajjilugaillu qaujisartaultiarniarputtitiartauqasiujjautuinnariaqarmata. Qaujittiakkanniru­maguvit qanuq akilirtautigivangmangaata tamakku·nunga, atii titiralaurit uvunga:

t.~.nJ( t>"rLI. m<;'ct><:'>'" !>a.crr>' fu,1J.< J\t>Lfl<­JLJ' l.<:L'" , A<:~(""4nCr\ ... • t>pt>'c')r. A.-'III)".,..')'t>Ln(n,,{ct>n<:~...4~Lj( A~\ ... • d~~~(J... • ba.cr~Ll.J ~'ro'Ja-' m<j·IL~... «~(""<I·n«(k'U(. rY1<;'­Cll-<:'..I'I' t\'I,.)l!.<,J',.,n.j~cr=< n"'Lll~I'...n·j~cr=< <P<;JC­L< b...C1>( lI..o<-n.. ... ·d'f'~ ... {, ll... ·n){ <lP"'f'.><r A?t><:·)'"'<ilr-t> • ...><r (l'I,(lJ< <l'w <l""-->cr. m<;~r'L"" ... • ... ·r't>~?ll{<l~n-t>1.1l~..J 'bt>... ..,'Ct>{()<l' ...<l')< m<;'ct>"r't>~?t»ll~... ­n..<l,,'LC. Cd<l t>'bt>Ct>""< c·<:... ll...,..n..":'bd~ ...'!,.,-n..'f')(.'bt>... {n<l·b~ ... ?LJH 'b..." <lPr'Ct>nr<:\L'ic CL·d ... '!,..<l()m<;<..t>n..{ t><'l..:

IIIIIIIIIIIII Mail to address aboveI ~d~O'" :J~,'~?n..J' <Jt>"'L~n"'JJL ~

Editorial

Aaqqiksuijimit

by Dave Webster

riA' A<-C< A.~4~?~

Dave Webster piliriarijanga

We often receive articles that do notfit into a "theme" issue but are toogood not to publish. We have includeda number of these in this issue, andthey are about everything from tradi­tional life to the Inuit CircumpolarConference held in Kotzebue, Alaska,during August.

As editor of Inuktitut, I get to meetmany people from all over the North.As well as making new acquain­tances, I often meet friends I haven'tseen for many years. Last February,I had the pleasure of speaking withFather Van de Velde, a dear friend Ihadn't seen for fifteen years. Over theyears though, I have heard of hismany accomplishments from othernortherners. Father Van de Velde hadcome to Ottawa from Hall Beach,NWT, to receive a medal-the Knightof the Order of the Crown- from hisnative country Belgium as recognitionfor the work he has done in the Arcticover the last fifty years. A short arti­cle appears in this issue about themedal presentation.

At the reception for Father Van deVelde, I met Father Charles Choque,another friend who spent many yearsserving the Church in the Arctic.Father Choque is now living in Ottawaand is busy researching and writingbooks about priests who served in theArctic for most of their lives. He iscurrently writing a biography ofFather Ducharme. If you have anyphotographs of Father Ducharme, Iknow Father Choque would appre-

2

np'A~L"">J' "A.n.<h?«" <l'I"­r"rC\f'a-' Pr'<la- A~..><l'L( nn<;'­\('&.O"'~\o <1~'iQ.'i• ."n •. (LCder'!.. 6.rr'?­':">J' C'<:a- nn<;"c<n' .. , Ct.L~~..>'C~"" t.;tJ~'r' ~~''''<lrLrt.~t.' bnLa-\f'~' b'tA~. <l~'br,~Jn~n'..>J.

<i'''P'~t.I''~<..>'L Il.,'nJi, bntL""­>"l. .6..o\cr lt t>Pt>'i"c~:JrI>Ccr~ o..pJIt­

C". bnrCt.'~L~"<'..>'L, <lLL bn­((..[><;"<".,,"l. .6.c... L a- lo Cd \'frL L o-lt

~ P~a-' <lr ~a-' . A< ?<l~~,-~"Jr.

'dA<l~,-~">'L ~'b'bn'b"->'l. <lCe Vande Velde-r'. t.,-,~~?~ ~P~a-'

~r~J C~rL~Jcr· Cd'\('rc...I>L~.

Pr'<la- ~P~'J"'a- J~"<'>'l. ;'a-dt.a-'~p~"e"Jr~e~'bn\f'.. '. <lCe Vande Velde <iJ<:..J' np,-~' L' ~a-<;­

?'r', ~~'t<l'r. t.ren.7~'",nCn.­<l"J"->a--Knight In The Order OfThe Crown-r"-.oo..t\cr'iICTC 8el­gium-r' t.ren.?~'",nr?r<T' Arn.<l­n... ... crdrcr. t>P[><;locC;lt:>r l>Pt>'Jc..t>'iIo)(J'"e'rL' <l'Lt.'a-. ~t.'j<..>J nn<;~t­~L';">" Ja-?~a-'L.

bn'",n'b"n'..>r' <lCC Van deVelde-r'. bfk...~n.<:<; <lCC CharlesChoque. t.'-'~n.?<;<e~" ~P~a-'

<Iricr" Arn..r'Lr'i.:J~ I>Pl>c;lt cc;ft :J<J't<l'A\f'a-. <lCe Choque <iJ<:r~­Cl>r'ilt)'ilo l>"'brLrt>'-..Jn... L..r~r'L <..Jer...)

A'",nr'a-' t.'t<;''''<la-' I>p~"e"Jr

Arn...r'L~CTIt .6.~r'J.Cb,,'r\a-. CLa..nn<; ~t'br"tL"''' t.;t Aa-~.. ' <lCeDucharme-~< • <l'i"'dn'b?A' <lCeDucharme-r'. 'b~i"L"''l. <lCeChoque 'dl\<l<L?'L' t.LL'b <lJ"j,­..><l<;7'a-?rr' ~'b.Lr<lr<T. J<;'?Ced ,~~"''' ~'brLr<l\fe nn<;~t~a-'La-

These Greenland women, inbrightly-coloured beaded costumes,were some of the many performersat the Inuit Circumpolar ConferenceGeneral Assembly in Kotzebue,Alaska. See photostory starting onpage 39.

«d<l <ld P'J'rl>' <l'~t.'.Cc;u,n. It )O"'It <I ... .oCj·c;.:J'iftr'L.... C.

Ac..l>c..l>c;lt)C Cdl,.It,,-?c:..cr 6..06 (r'c... "...'<JrLr bnL",c;":>'icr'L.D"Lt>..'crb'tAl>. <l~'br. edr<l?'<I .. ra-c-l>n.. .. tT",;.c Ar<lc;,,)'i.L' A<la- 39.

Taapkua akukitturmiut arnait,taqsariktunik annuraaqtuqsimajut,ilaulauqtut takujaksarunaani inuitsilarjualimaami katimajaqtur­ninganungngaujuni kaatsipiu.alaaskami. Takugiaruk ajjiliurin­niviniit pigiaqtuq makpiani 39.

Tikitviugajukpugut "piliriarijapta" ajji­gingngitanginnik kisiani piuluarmatatitirangnginniq ajurnaq&utik. Tamat­kuninga ilisirunaaqpugut tatvani tit i­raqtaptingni, taima sunaluktaangujutinuusituqarmit nunarjualimaami Inuitkatimaninginnut Kotzebue, Alaska-m!.August-ngutillugu.

Aaqqiksuijiuplunga Inuktitumi, katisi­gajukpunga inungnik ukiuqtaqtumiu­tanik nakiluktaaq. Katilitainnagaqaq­pak&unga, amma katisilauqpak&ungailamnik takungngiligamnik ukiunikamisunik. February-ulauqtumi, quvia­sulauqpunga uqaqatiqaq&unga ataataVan de Velde-mik, ilannarijara ukiunikqulillu tallimallunik takungngililaugara.Kisiani ukiungujuni tusaqpakpungasunnikuinik ukiuqtaqtumiutauqati­nginnit. Ataata Van de Velde aatuva­mut tikilaurmat sanirajangmit, nunat­siarmi, ilitarijaujjutitaariaqtuq&uni­Knight In The Order Of The Crown­mik-nunavinirminit Belgium-mit ilita­rijaujjutigijaminik piliriarinnikuminikukiuqtaqtumi ukiungulauqtuni tallimatatgainni. Naittuupl49u titirausiuga­jaaqpuq tunijauninga.

Ingo Hessel, Inuit sanangnguagalia­nginningaaqtuq inulirijituqakkunni,titiragan9i tatvaniiqataungmijut sivul­liqpaamik ukiuqtaqtumuarnirminik.Aullaarninga pianisaarniqsaujuq, isu­malirusirijanga narngarnatuujuq. Ingoukiunik qapsikallangnik uqalimaaq­taqsimajuq ilinniaq&unilu ukiuqtaq­tumik amma sivulliqpaamiglu aullaar­ninga pingasunut kivallirmi nunaling­nut isumagilaugaa sinnaktuumaninalautsinasugiplugu. Suli uqausirijaaaullaarnilauni, qulangngilangalu kaju­siniarmat ukiunik amisunik.

Takijuqtaq titiragausimajuq Piryuaqpiliriarijanga qamani'tuarmiutaup. Titi­rausiqaqtuq inuusivininginnik Inuitangunasugusivininginniglu. Piryuaquqausia malik&ugu, "tamaang­ngaangngitkaluaruvit, qulangngilangatakuniaravit ajjiqqajanginni inuusingit·

<ICCb<'<1-

Katijjutiqaqtillugit ataata Van deVelde-mik, katilaurivara ataataCharles Choque, ilannarijaraptauqukiunik amisunik pilirisimaliqtuq uki­uqtaqtup tuksiarvinginni. Ataata

~ Choque aatuvamiutauliqtuq uqalimaa­z liulluriksaliqsimaplunilu pitjutilingnik! iksirarjuanik ukiuqtaqtumi pilirisimaju­': nik inuusiluktaakasangmingni. Maan­

........>IL~-"L--'----'....L_~ na titirausiqaliqsimajuq inuusivini-nganik ataata Ducharme-up. Ajjiquti­qaruvit ataata Ducharme-mik, qau­jimajun9a ataata Choque quviasuga­jarmat immaqaa atuqtuulluarajarniru­migit uqalimaaliamini. Turaarutaatakuksaujuq uqalimaaliangita titirau­siuningani tatvap.i inuktituumi, piliria­lingmik ataata Choque-up inuusivinili­rininganik kajualun9mik ukiungulauq­tuni.

C«~ ~~·njr. Ar~~r'r·

Choque-~< b;(A~r~~~~·...)\r· t>Pt>..JLt> .... )cr.

Ingo Hessel, fu,11' , .. "J<lL,<I\f- .. ­'i."J" 11.D,,,-o"J'b' d - .. , nm L\f C'­<":'bC~"<" 1':>',"<,' ~P~"C"J­...J<]'icr"irO"' •• <It> ... c..:'i cr'l... A<1cr~'icr"i·"­

~<''', I1/L,?r'''-7~ .. '~' .. j<,",Ingo t>Pl>cr· '"'b<r"b"'L"cr. t>'"'brCCiL

('ilor"L-":'ilI I:J.r"lT<1"ilo...)a"J [>pt>....c....)r·<]LL r">"'r'ill<rLJ <It> ... ~'icr'l... A'l...;~(

p,L,'ir ~~r\~( I:J.;LfLt>L ( ..~.-jL ,-~'r'..H<-,J, I, ~'b~r',,-";

<It> c..:'icrL[>cr. ~L\~L~J b~t~~~L(

C> PC>cr ~ ~r,Jcr ~ .

CP<'''C'' m,L~r'L<''' 1\'<'<1< 1\,,,-<1­"-7'L 'bL.. 'J<I',~C~<, m,~r''b''J''

l1;r'~..\f- .. ' 11.D11' <I~ .. /Jr'~..\f-­cr~J. A~~~< C>~~t~ Lr~JJ.

"CL\\C\~(bJ~?4\(. <;dL\\fL~ Cdcr­<I,~' <I'o""'b7\f- .. l1;r'\f'C 11.D11'~4\~)'i~tLcr~cr ~t\f"cr~r~ccr~ ~P­

~'i~c<;~)r." A 'i~~<;~ 'ibc>r-LLrL. ~)'i~C~­'bC~<''' bn,-~"r'L7c .. <I'Jn.. ~'b~r'­

~rC;'\LC ~Q.. cr'i~n(. tLJ. n\r/~­

d"bnr'-~"r'L7' <lC~,J"-,J 1\'<'<1"l~~~'i~. Lcrj<.J(. 'ib"LCcrJ~C<n\cr

Winifred Marsh, wife of the lateDonald Marsh who became AnglicanBishop of the Arctic in 1950, hasgiven us an article for this issue inwhich she describes her first trip tothe Canadian Arctic in 1933. Mrs.Marsh is also the author and illustratorof a book about her experiences in theArctic called People of the Willow,published in 1976 by Oxford Univer­sity Press. She is an excellent artistand her watercolours in the bookdepict an accurate picture of life inthose years.

Ingo Hessel, from the Inuit Art Sectionof Northern Affairs, also has writtenabout his first trip to the Arctic. Histrip was much more recent, and hisimpressions are quite inter~sting. lngospent a few years reading and study­II1g about the Arctic and his first tripto three Keewatin communities was

ciate getting them for possible use inhis book. His address appears in thebook review in this issue, which isabout Father Choque's biography ofFather Pierre Henry.

3

Kayak-building at Kikturiaqtuuq,south of Inukjuaq in Arctic Quebec,during the summer of 1985.

'ib7rl> "cr'ilo P":::>n.4'iloj'ir.doD '-.!~< P<:C... d<d' C' ~'L....~1>~l>n·..>J 1985.

like a dream come true for him. He isstill talking about that trip, as I amsure he will be for many years.

The main article in this issue is byBarnabas Piryuaq of Baker Lake. Hewrites about the past and the waypeople hunted and lived. According toPiryuaq, "Even if you are not from thisarea, I have no doubt you will see sim­ilarities with the lifestyles of peoplefrom other parts of the Arctic."Piryuaq is one of the most knowledge­able men I have ever met when itcomes to the land, wildlife andweather. Once I flew with Piryuaqfrom Baker Lake to Churchill, Mani­toba. He spent the entire trip lookingout the window and pointing out thenames of lakes, rivers, hills andcaribou migration routes. He spentmany years working with game offi­cials trying to explain to them that theknowledge Inuit have about animalsis of great use to biologists studyingnorthern wildlife and should not beignored.

Another article is about a well-knownnortherner, Ernest Wilson Lyall ofSpence Bay, NWT, who died this pastJuly at the age of 76. Lyall wasknown as the"Arctic Man" after thetitle of a book he wrote about his lifein the Arctic. He will be missed by hisfamily and many friends from acrossthe North.

4

Qajaliurniq kikturiaqtuurmi. inugjuapkivataani kupait tarrangani,aujautillugu 1985.

AL(.>d C r'c..L..JC ([>:,.)<;", t>'"'b'ilo<",.r... r' ~n~ cl'. d'. ~'~d' ~LL:)':)' <I"dnUl-d. I>PI>... • <lr~ ... •Arn.,.'ibn'ib'i"t'L",m <r'i~t'n..."::"a-lo JPt'n""­a..,J"..:J<rr c 'ibl>r:-La-\(' D..£J!::.' <r'i~nCT·

~JLt>~J4'i·j~J4'iL( ~t>~~~n<rc

Ar"'<r<lC;Io:::>O"''' t>P[>'i"cc;":::>r (J"'i~na-·

d~Lr \~r<l\~·..>J.

<ILL<CI>" nml>r'I>r'L'r-.l" 'bl>o'­L7t> <- Jf\. .. )'ilo t> Pt><i"C'iIoJit>cc;"Ct>'i1o .Ernest Wilson Lyall C..>' -.1<1' rl>c"...oQ..(r'<1"I. ::Y'dc"J>c;Io)'i1o .....<....6.r t>Pt>'ib­r"..>'" 76- ... •• 'bl>o'LL,.I><-I>":)" Lyall"l>Pl>c;"cc;":::>rt>cc;1o <I\Jc" <:l~%'i"r'<JJ

t>c;brL("'"<IL~n...L[>C A~r'c;rcr. t>Pt>c;,,­(<;10)1. P\\JLt>a-<J'iIo)'i1o .6.c....lcr C AL IL ­

a..n..7ra-<-J t>Pt>c;"Cc;IoJ..J"cr ..

ta Inuit aviktuqsimanirni asinginnir­miutanik ukiuqtaqtumi." Piryuaq qau­jimmariktuqtauqataujuq katilauqsima­jamni angutini uqausiuliraangatanuna, nirjutit, silalu. Tingmisuukkuu­qatigilauqsimajara atausiiq&ugu pir­juaq kuugjuaq, maanituupamut.Qangataniluktaaptingni igalaakkutsilammut tautuktuq, uqaqpak&unigitatingi tasiit, kuut, qatqait amrnatuktut apqutigisugai. Ukiunik amisu­nik piliriqatiqaqsimajuq nirjusirijiniktukisitinnasuk&unigit qaujimaningiInuit nirjutinik atugaulluaqtuulluarmatqaujisaqtinit ilinniaqtunik ukiuqtaq­tumi nirjutinik isumagingngimiangngil­lugu.

Ammaptauq tltlrausiusimangmijuqqaujimajaulluriktuq ukiuqtaqtumiutaq­tauq, Ernest Wilson Lyall talurjuar­miutaq, nunatsiarmi. tuqulauqtuqjulaimi ukiuqaliq&uni 76-nik. Qaujima­jaulauqtuq Lyall "ukiuqtaqtumiutaqangut" ajuqaqsiplugu uqalimaaliaga­jaarilaugaa inuusirminik ukiuqtaqtumi.Kingnggugauniaqtuq ilaminit ilannari­jaminillu ukiuqtaqtuluktaami.

Inuit family at Schultz Lake,Keewatin. Barnabas Piryuaq, in hisstory starting on page 5, talksabout what life was really like inthe old days.

A.DA' ALr c 'ibLa-"r. p<<'r"r...(a.,,(r' 1\ ......4<;·. t><;bc-Lc-4rfTI\r4""c-"r 5. t>'ibt>r'''b'i·:>''·A;' r' 'i. 'ib.DA ... .,..)4 "Lt> "L\(, (Cd<~L... ~".

Inuit i1agiit qamanirmi, kivallirmi.Barnabas Pirjuaq, uqalimaaliaminipigiarvilingmi 5, uqausiqaqtuqinuusiq qanuilluavilaurmangaattaipsumanisaq.

Life as It Was Inuusituqaviniq

by Barnabas Piryuaq

I am going to tell you about the life­style of the whole family-these arereal things that are believable. I amfrom Baker Lake in the Keewatin, buteven if you are not from this area, Ihave no doubt you will see similaritieswith the lifestyles of people fromother parts of the Arctic.

-

~'b~n..<I"<rc l1";r'~<c...~")" l1c...r'­J"C.D'. ~"''''J<],,\r'' [>""C;a..'i"Jr".'bL.. ')<I"~C~~~ P<"r', CL~'­~Cb~<I?~C ~c...'~c...~ <I~'bnr..<I"L,....;r'~c...~'L.~.C~" <lr'~C)C ~P~"­

C")'. <lC~r'''r'~~<lC <I)' ..'b~<I"­j7\~LLC p,..<]~ (La.. 6.DJ"C~"

Ac~n~C;~<]C;LC. ~L\~L~ 6.D6'<I,~C <I~'bnr..<I'L~,

Barnabas Pirjuaq Uqausirijanga

Uqautiniaqpagit inuusiuvalauqtumikilagiiluktaanut, inuusilluavingmik uk­pirnaqtumik. Qamani'tuarmiutaujungakivallirmi tamaangaangngitkaluaruvitqulangngilanga angiqatiginiarangmainuusirilaurmajjuktauq asianiittut uki­uqtaqtumi. Atausiqsiutiluat aturniqa­luaqtuujangngimmata kisiani taamnainuluktaanik pitjutiqarniarmat. Qu­langngilanga Inuit amisut angiqatigini­armanga.

This drawing (and the one on thenext pagel were done by EricAnoee of Eskimo Point.

CLa. nn,l>"'~ (<ILL L 'A<I": C)")nn,l>"'~~~' l1l>~' <I~i,c

<I' ~<I' ,l>C', C,

Taamna titiraujaga (ammamakpianiittuq) titiraujagaujuk Eric

~?;:::::::::::_ Anoeemit arviarmiutarmit.

5

Many years ago, the Hudson's BayCompany was a place to buy thingslike bullets, matches, needles, snow­knives and ice chisels. It was nowonder we didn't spend our moneyvery fast because most of the thingswe bought were things that werenever used up. We never used tobuy food and clothing. Now, I wearclothes bought from the Bay and evenwhen winter comes J will still wearstore-bought clothes. Years ago wehunted to get food and clothing andwe were never too poorly off.

The caribou provided most of ourfood and clothing. Caribou are rarelystill-they move north and they movesouth. They stop moving around fromDecember until April. Caribou runaround a lot in the month of July andeat very little. The mosquitoes are badthen and they move to get away fromthem. Summer heat bothers themquite a bit and they move around tofind a cool breeze on the lake shore.In August, they are very comfortableas it is cooler so they move very littleand eat a lot without being botheredby heat and mosquitoes.

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Unipkaarniarama niuVlrvllt sunamutaturniqalualaurmangaataa taipsuma­nituqaq, tamaani qarjuqtaarviuplutikikkititaarviuplutik mitqutitaaqturviuiu­qit&utik tianaa pivigjuangututigilauq­simajaa tatva niuvirviup taamna qar­juqtaarvik mitqutitaarvik panataaqtur­vik tamatkualuqiit tuuraluillu niuvir­viup tamata aulajinarniluangi niuviria­qakkavut kiinaujaqtualavaktuksaung­nginnapta kiinaujaqtualaitpalauqpugutnunguvalliasuittunik pijumajaluaqaq­palaurapta qarjut taima nunguvalliara­lavakkaluaq&utik niuvirviit nirititsinir­mik annuraaqtuqtitsinirmik tia I naJuqiatulaungnginnaptigu maannauliqturliannuraaqsimavunga tatva niuvir­vingmit pinnikunik ammalu ukiunguli­raluaqpat niuvirvingmittauq pinnikunikannuraaqsimainnarniariplunga. Tia'naangunasungnirq nirisuarniinnarmikpijariakinniqsaupluni pilaurmat kisianipinasuluamiarjuaqpalaungngittugut.

Tamatkua Inuit tamaani asiarmiutalla­riujut nirjutikkanniluarjuarnik tuktutasiannik uimaijagaqaluangngit&utikuimaijagaluaqalauqsimagamik niuvir­vingmit pijariaqaqtatik pi'naaraanga­mitku tamatkua unnilaukkatka, kar­julukiillu, ikkitiit, mitqutiit, tuullu,panallu tia'na atugaksaluktaamingnikmaniqqami naammaksisimaplutik.

Drawing by Eric Anoee.

Eric Anoee titiraujaqtanga.

. -

. -

6

Inuit gave names to the differentcaribou crossing places. Years ago,elder Inuit who couldn't move aroundtoo much stayed in the same place,which was chosen for them, eventhough there were no caribou aroundmost of the time. There is such aplace, called Qamaniq, betweenSchultz and Aberdeen lakes wherethe elders would stay. They wouldnever leave that area which waschosen for them because it is a sum­mer crossing place for caribou.

In the fall, elders would camp atanother place, perhaps four or sixmiles away, as caribou crossed at adifferent spot on their way south. Theelders would stay there and wait forthe caribou. That way they didn'tmove around too much and were atthe crossings when the caribou came.By the end of September or Octoberthere would be no more caribou, sothey would not expect to get anyuntil the next Mayor June whenthey crossed at the summer crossingplace.

It is easier to kill caribou at a crossingthan to hunt for them on the land.Elders played an important role for thecamp in getting these caribou. Theyalways looked after their equipmentand would be ready when cariboucame. For example, by taking goodcare of a caribou-skin tent, they couldmake it last for three or four summers.After a kill, the elders would skin theanimal a'nd then cache the meat undera pile of rocks. Some of the meatwould be dried.

Caribou at a crossing place on abarrens river.

Tuktu nallurmi nunainnaupkuungani.

AI~~'J~r4j\LC 4<~~';'L~'­

L'i,'r" .

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~'b~C O"<CI~'b~C J' Jr4"CI>-'7 I ';"c;. r' &'o..,<;.<".;In 10 •

ltqaqsaujaqsinnaliq&utik nanisaqqanuittumi nunaqarumi tuktut pisulu­ratgujumia'tuungmata apqutaanniin­najarmangaarmiik.

Tuktut nutqangasuittuungmata ki­vammuakpak&utik kanangnaqpaq­taq&utik taima nuqqanganni'naari­vakkaluagaat tatqiik malruuk apsima­juuk tamaani upluilaluarjuaq ukiumitisampami nutqallarikpalauqsimang­mata nutqanganialiq&utik tamaungaiipru tikillugu amma suli nutqangav­viata piqataa pangaliraqtumia'tuu­vangmatali upirngaakkut tamaanijulaimi pangaliraqtalugiaraangamikjulai nungut&ugu nirilautsiajunatikpisumiattuaq&utigluunniit pangalira­luamialauttuaqpak&utigluunniit ami 1­raungngitsaraangamik tia'naittuulaur­mata tatvaptauq aaggas nungngurigi­agaani pangalirarungniiq&utik nunamiatausirmiiraujaliraangata aujakkuttuktuqarniq taima niriniluujatsialirviatkikturi'tijaangngiliq&utik uunniungngi­Iiq&utik i&urrijaaliraangamik nuuqqa­jungniiralukkaangata niptasunga­qaangata tuktuliaqtauja'naaqsinnaliq­pak&utik.

lnuktaqalaurmat tamaani taima ati­qauluqitkaluaqput nalluluqiit ilangittamatkua utuqqaluamia'tuit pillurluk­tut tuktuittumia'tuuliraluaqpalluunniitnunaksaqsiarisimajarmingnit nuutta­luaqpalaungngimmata tatvaaglaattaamna qamaniilaakkavut SchultzLake, Aberdeen-lu tamanna akun­ninga utuqqaqarvigivalauqsimajavuttaipkua ataatatsiasi amarukkut kig­jugalikkut tamaangngat nuutsuit­tuuvalaurmata tamanna nunatsauniq

7

Around the end of October when thesnow does not melt anymore andbefore the blizzards come, the elderswould go where there is a sharp dropin the land. They gathered enoughsnow with shovels and other tools tomake a snowhouse. After it hardenedthey would make a qarmaq out of thesnow since it gets too cold to live ina tent at this time of year. That is howthey would start the winter until thesnow got hard enough to make realigloos.

If we hadn't had caribou-skin clothingin those days we would never havesurvived the winter. We didn't dressup to impress anybody; we dressedthat way because of our lifestyle.They were not costumes to dress upin, but were the everyday clothes weused.

Inuit married and became man andwife so that they could be helpers toeach other. There was never a man orwife who was useless. That was thetradition of the Inuit in those days.There is a lot of work in preparingskins and making clothing, and therewas no way a man, even if he wasn'tlazy, was going to do any sewing tomake clothing. A man didn't eventhink about sewing. The only way aman would help is to soften the skinto make mitts or the sole of a kamik.

If a man was out hunting for a weekand got a small rip in his clothes, hewould fix it, but that is all. Some men,though, were too lazy to sew at alland didn't like to do any sewing thatwould take a long time. Sewing wasthe responsibility of the women. Menwere the workers who did the heavyand hard work.

In the fall, you couldn't dry clothingor other items outside as there wasmore rain then. When we movedcamp we would leave some thingsbehind and go back for them later. Wewould have to keep them dry though.The elders would study the ground tomake sure that it drained well and thatnothing was left on sand or soil. Theywere often placed on gravel and werethen covered with rocks. The rockswere covered with skins and morerocks were placed on the skins. Thecache would then be covered withblackberry plants and moss. Thenthey could be kept dry and would notrot. That is how we took care of our

8

6~LC%~~'L( CL~ C6L ~n%~~~(­

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C«I.c..:c CLQ.. <;bL~(.>b"( SchultzLake. Aberdeen- ~ CL·.. ~d .~'l

~J"%'b'I\r<~~"(L7>( Cll<d~ ~C­

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CT<I<;\.,)J •

A woman at Chesterfield Inlet,carrying her child in her amauti.

Arnaq igluligaarjungmi, amaaqtuq.

Nuliariingnguqpalauqsimavut ikajuqti­giingnialiq&utik nuliariik naliak suk­saungngittuuvalaungngittuq, tamajja

Tamatkuningali amirnik sanalaung­ngitkumik inuunajalaungnginnamikukiunguningani. Tama'ta tamatkuapingnguangngittunik taamna nan­ngaqsaangngittut pijinngalluaviktutinuusirmingnik annuraat inuujjutillari­ngit takujaummaarumaarmata. Inuuj­jutilluaviit qitigutaungngittu nanngaq­saarutaungngittut.

la'naittuulaurmat tamaani siptampap­luunniit nungnguani aktuupamiluunniittuktutaimmariksisulaurmat taimaukiuluktaaq tuktunik ilimanarniangngi­liqtuq tatva tatqit naasaqtauniaq&utikniriungniarmata miipluuvva nungngu­ani juunluuvva atuliqtillugu tikitau­Iirniarmigamik aujaqsiurvigilauqta­mingnuungngittuq nuugajaa'naarlutikqanukiaq ungasiktigijumut 3-mailit5-mailit taapkuak nalluuk akuttuti­gisuqtuk kanangnaliaqtut ikaaqtur­viat kivammuaktut ikaaqturviat am­malu nallukkanniqtaqaripluni asianik.Amma nunami piruksaqarnirni qauji­majaqaujaq&utik nalluungngittunikpiruksatsiaringniqpariaq&utik piru­jiuriaqpalaurmata amma suli sigjaq­pasiktarnaqtuliaq&utik nipkuliuriaq­palaurmata sunaluktaat itqanaiqsima­jut tupiq atausiq alraagunik pingasu­nigluunniit sitamanigluunniit atugau­niluktuulluaqpalauqtuq mianirijaut­siattuaq&uni aujainna'naakkut atuq­pak&ugu.

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1926-r. "4·.D~·'b~~\'I" d <C).Ja-. A~Q.?L~\~LQ.<C

~P~'d '''-A'~4~.

tuktut apqutigittajujaat upirngaaqsi­urviqaq&uni tuktunnilugviksamik ap­qutaanni kuungmi ikaaqturvingmiaujaqsiurviqaq&uni tuktunnilugvik­samik asianiktauq kivammuaktunilliikaaqturvingmi tamatkua ilisimatsiak­katik tuktuittumia'tuugaluaqpataluun­niit qimangngitainnamiarlugit utaqqi­anigviginiaq&ugu.

Inuit qamani'tuap qaningani,1926-mi. "annuraaqalaungngit­kupta tuktunik inuunajalaungngin­napta ukiukkut" - Pirjuaq.

People near Baker Lake, 1926. "Ifwe hadn't had caribou-skin clothingin those days, we wouldn't havesurvived the winter" -Piryuaq.

Taimali tamaani aktuupap nungnguaniaput aukpalliajungniiraangat piqsiqtar­luavingngit&uni kigli'taringni'naat

~ kiglinginnut aputinik katiqsuiplutik~ pualritiluqimianut igluksalluuliraangat~ qiqsuqsiariplugu ikkiirnaluaqtu'tuulir-

l....:..:=- -J ~ mat qarmaqtaaq&utik iglutaaliqpala-

urmata tamatkua pitqusirilauqsima­javut niuvirvingnit uqurutiksaqtaqtin-nata aumaliuqsirviqaqtinnatalu naam­maktuujaaqpalauqtut annuraavut iglu­miinniutiksat apummi silakkuinnarluatugaksaujut ukiumut naammaksiliq­simavalaurmata.

9

Man and woman at an encamp­ment near Pad lei. Keewatin. 1949Note the sparse growth of trees inthe distance. Inset: Tent rings ofstones from former camps, likethese near Chesterfield Inlet. dotthe tundra in many places.

10

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Angullu arnarlu tupiqarvingmipaalliup qanigijangani. kivallirmi.1949-ngutillugu. Ujjirusugitpiruqtunik ungavani. Atjimiiliqatausimajuq mikiniqsaq: Tupir­mullu piruvinirnik tupiqarvivinirmi,ukua ajjinginnik igluligaarjuupqaningani. nunainnarmi pitaqa­runaaqput

J.~

x

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Making camp. Notice the man inbackground building a snowhouse.In the Keewatin barrens, about 20years ago.

C\l>'()"cr~~ t>'rfl"n..J" <J"JcA~..Jc-t>~":J~". P<'-ro;r~~A'~'r, ALL~ ~P~'L"j>" 4 c l.A 'ib\rC;"(Lc-<;":J c •

Tangmaaqtirniq ujjiriguk angutIgluliuqtuq. Kivallirmi nunainnarmi.immaqaa ukiut marruk atgaiqaangiqsimaliqtut.

things before we even thought ofhaving warehouses.

Families lived in the same igloo andworked together as a team. Everyonehad a job to do and all shared in theresponsibilities. After a hunter hadmade a kill, he would bring the car­cass home and not think about themeat again. Others would cut it up,care for the skins, dry the meat andso on. Meat would never just sitthere and rot-all the family membershelped. One person never worked toohard and did it all, the work load wasshared by the young, wives, fathersand so on. Hunting was the one thingyou were never too lazy to do.

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r'O"Cn.<l"r'wC CLO' 1 week P..><l'-

Inuit inuusirilauqsimajaat. Unipkaak­kannirlanga taapsuminga amiit pijari­aqquqtujut kisiani angutaupluni salau­suittu'tuuluniunniit annuraaksallua­vingnik miqsuqqajarnangngilluavila­uqtuq miqsurumaluniluunniit isumalir­nangngittuq tatva ikajurusirijungnaq­tatuavut pualuksanik qitulisaiguptaalaksamigluunniit uvvaluunniit sinikta­riaqsimaluta tamaani 1 week kiluar­niqtaqaluqi'naaqpat taimna 1 weeksmiqsurungnaqtatuanga angutit ilait­tigut miqsurniq sapiulaurapta tamap­taungngitkaluarmijuq pijariaqquqtu­jumik miqsurumavalaungngittugutarnat annuraaliuttiit angutilli tamat­kuninga uqumaitturjuarnik pitsiriittu­niglu pilirijiit.

Panirnarungniiqpalliapluni ukiaksali­raangami nipalulgusivaktuq. Manirain­natsiamialluavingmut tamaunga qi­matulivalaurmijut nuutsariaqaliraa­ngamik amirnigluuvva, nipkunigluuv­va kinitiriaqangngittunik. Taimaqimatulivviksamingnik qiniqpalauqtutmaniqqamut kisiani sirluaqtaqangngit­tumut. Maniraup manirau'tusiailinniatsiaq&ugu. Siurarmut, qaiqtu­mullu, nunatarmullu ilisilangnginnamikkinitsariaqangngittumik. Tuapa'naa­mik tutviksirip&ugit, ujaqqanik piruu­luqit&ugit amirniglu uliktukkanniq­&ugit, amma suli piruuganitsiaraa­ngata taapsuma pirujaup qaaluk­taanga paunngaqutinik nunaluqiniglu

11

There were some women, perhaps adaughter-in-law, who just couldn'tsew and there were others whohadn't yet aquired the skills. They didother things though, like gatheringmoss for the fire or getting water.Some were good at sewing at a veryyoung age, so that is what they did.If a young person couldn't do some­thing, an elder did it for them. Now,older people have everything done forthem and I am thankful to the govern­ment for making life easier for theelders. It is our fault we are notteaching the young as much as weshould and for that I am sorry. Weshould have taught a little more.

I will tell you now about the lawsInuit have for themselves concerningcaribou. When I was young I had ahard time catching a caribou. There

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In 1893, people living at the headof Baker Lake met members of theGeological Survey of Canada.

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1893-mi, inuit nunaliit qamani'­tuarmi katisivut nunangngua­liuqtinik kanatami.

12

Moses Aliqtiksaq, brother ofBarnabas Piryuaq, is the father ofBasil Kiblakoot who has writtenabout Kotzebue, Alaska, for thisissue of Inuktitut magazine. Basilsays his father was the first manto go up and down the ThelonRiver rapids just east of SchultzLake.

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Moses Aliqtiksaq, pirjuap angajua,piisu qiplaqutiup titirausiqalauqtupkaatsipiumik alaaskami ataataa.tatvani Inuktituumi piisuup ataatanisivulliqpaulaurasugijaa majuraq­taq&uni aliqsiqtumi qamaniupkitilua'naangani.

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Tamarmik itqanaijaqatigiingnilukpak­&utik tuqutirinilukpangmata pimmar­lukkaluaq&utik tamatkua nukaluqitkaangajugalu tamatkua tuqutiqtauvallia­jut aggitimiasungaraangamitjuk taap­kua tuqutsilauqtut taimna niqi tuktuisumagigiakkanniplangnagu taapkualianaanatkuita ataatatkuita savalukar­lukpangma'tuk nipkuliuq&uguluunniitasirujuiqtit&ugu pilirilluaqpalaungngit­tut ikajuqtigiitsiaqpalauramik maqain­niq sapirnaqpaktuksaungnginnamisapirnaqpalaungngilaq angilrautisu­ngarumiuk tia'namia'tuaq tuktu i1uit­kak piliriangulukarlungniarmat ta­ma'ta ikajuqtigiingniq tamatkualuun­niit makkuktuugaluit nuliaqammaa­liq&utiglu pijuugaluit ataatani anaa­nanilu inuumiasungaraangat nangmi­niq inminik pitarijani tupiqa'tualillarmiigluqa'tualillarmilu aggitivalaungngi­taa savatsitsiajungmata ataatatkuniatausimia'tuarmik tia'na iglumiu­qatigiit inuuqatigiingnilukpalaurmataikajuqtigiik&utik. Tamatkualu miqsur­niq ajuqtulluavitsiamianik i1anginnikinuktaqaqpalaurmat ukuaqtaarijaun­nikunigluuvva sujunik tamatkuaptauqpijungnaqtanginnut sunamik qijuktar­nirmik imiqtaqturnirnik sulirinnirmik.Miqsulluriktupi'tuujaraangatalu mak­kuktu'naangugaluaq&utik miqsuqtigi­jaugiallaksinnamiaqpaklutik ajuluaq­tanginnik utuqqait piliriniqsausulauq­simajut maannali utuqqauttaliqtugutpimajamiangunialirluta niriugaujamiar­niarluta taima utuqqau'tusir aulajit­siarapku uummarluktu'tuuliit ikajuq­tigijaunilukpalauqtut ma'nammaa­ngugaluaq gavamat aksururungniiqtit­singmata utuqaptingnik ajuqiqtui­jungniiqpaallimmaaqsinnarapta iiku­luugaluammaaqtuq ajuqiqtuikkan­ni'naarajalauraluaq&uta.

la'naittumiglu Inuit maligaqarusingan­nik tuktumut unipkaagaqakkannirniar­mijunga. Makkuktuulaurama tuktun­niq ajulluavimiaq&unga tia'na Inuitmaligali'tuutillugit tamaani suksaung­ngivvilikuluungmata tuktut. Pangni­ungngittunik tuktuttailittuajulauraptaukua tatva tuktut pangniit tuktutkisiita tuktutarisulauraptigu tuktutamisugjuatsiamiangutillugit, amilrar-

13

are certain times of the year, forexample at the end of October whichis the rutting season, when a bullcaribou is not good for food or cloth­ing. Even when there were a lot ofcaribou, we tried not to kill the cowsbut only the bulls, before the ruttingseason.

When we saw a herd of caribou, anelder would tell us which ones tokill and which ones to leave alone.When we shot the wrong one, we gotscolded and were told that we hadwasted our bullets on something thatwas worthless. In a herd there arecows with calves, those without,yearlings, calves and young bulls. Ourelders told us to shoot the bulls onlyin June, July and August as that is thetime when they are the fattest and theskins are good for clothing. When anelder looked over our kill upon arriv­ing home and saw that we broke oneof the laws, we got scolded. Thenthe matter was dropped and not men­tioned again unless we made thesame mistake again; then we gotscolded again.

These were the laws that controlledhunters. You never had to wait tobe scolded; it was dealt withright away and then the subject wasdropped. In the winter cows would bekilled because the meat is good, butthe skin is not good for clothingexcept for making mitts. The goodhunters who followed the laws andkilled only the ones they wanted to killwere called kulawak. In the winterthey wouldn't kill a cow that had acalf but only a cow that had none.Only if caribou were scarce and meathard to get could a hunter break thislaw, because then it was for survival.

It was customary years ago for theHudson's Bay Company clerks to givetraps free of charge to those whowanted to set a trap line. We weretold never to abandon our traps andget new ones even though they wereprovided free of charge. We lookedafter them and they lasted a longtime. We really looked after theirequipment because we had no moneyand trapping foxes was the only wayto get money.

Years ago there were not many ca­noes, so when we went somewhereby canoe it was always full of men.Aliqtiksaq, my older brother, had a

14

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juatsiamiangutillugillu ukua tama'taatiqauqtut tuktutariguptigu ataataptasuagaqsuluka rl uqtu ulluaq &unitigututuqqaqtarijapta suksaungngittuku­lungmut qarjuq aturnirarlugit, makua­ngujut nurraliit. nurraittulluptauq,nukatugaillu. nurraillu pangniuqqa­jangngit&utiglu nukatugarjuaqqa­jaungngiginnaqtut tamatkua upin­ngaakkut tamaani juunmi pangniitpinilugaujutuugiaqtitsaraangami'tuktaipkua utuqqarijapta tamaunga aag­gas nungutqajarlugu sunamianiktuktumianik siqqurungnaqsilitainnaq­titpalauqsimavaatigut amitsiarik­tu'tuulirmataguuq tatva maligarilauk­kavut. Maligangannik siqumitsi­jaraangapta tatva unnuinnaq tikitillutatikiutijavut takuplugu suaktaulukar­lurpak&uta qakugukkannirlu taimnapi'tutigilugu suaktau'tutiginiarung­niiq&ugu tatva tia'na maligarnut aula­taunnirilauqtavut. Siqumitsikkannir­nirmiguptali maligangannik kisianisuagaukkannilisaarajaq&uta suagauv­viksaptingnik utaqqinata maannautil­lugu uplumi tuktutsialaungnginnaptatuktutarijariaqangngitaptingnik uplumitaipsumanillaksinnaq itqaumajauk­kannirniangngit&unilu uqau'tungau­sinnaq&uta suuq tuktutariqungngim­mangaamiuk amialuguuq ukuksaung­ngimmat niqialuguuq niqisungning­ngimmat. suksiringnginnaptaguuqtamanna pangniungngittuq tuktutari­galuaq&ugu. Amma ukiukkuttauqtuktunmakua inuisalauqsimangngittutamisuugajuktut tatva katimamiaq­pak&utik tuktuuqatigiingugamikpangniqtaqauluqit&utik. Tamaaninuvampa atulisungaraangat tuktutajurnangngitpata pangniligangngitain­naqujaumiarungnaraluaqtugut. Ta­maani nuvampami pangniligajuit­tuuliraangapta taima uuktuqujauli­rungnaqpalauqpugut tuktuqatsiaqpatiiprumiqaaguuq niqitsia'tuulingngin­mangaat pangniq, taqit amisutpangniqtittailijaulauq&uta. Ammaarnanik tuktutpalaurmata ukiukkutniqitsaugiplugit amii suksaungngin­mata pualuksangilu pitsia'tuugaluit.Taima pilluringniit pitarisuakkaming­nik tuktutsungnarnitsiat ia'nalluavikmalillarik&utik maligaqarungnalaurmi­jut kulavauniraraptigu. nukatugaqara­luaq&uni upinngaaq nurriarilauq­taminik nurraqangngittuq. Nurra­qangngittuksat qiniqtauplutik tama'taukiumi tuktulirianguvaktut maligaqmalik&ugu. Ajurnaqpalli nurraligluun­niit pangnirluunniit pijungnaqpakkalu­aq&ugu. Niqinigli ajurniaqtinnata qiti­qujaungnginnapta suksauluangngit-

poor motor on his canoe, so we pad­dled or put up a sail whenever wecould. We saved gas this way. Asthings were hard to get and we hadno money, all the equipment was welllooked after. Amaruq, my father, usedto split his matches in two and thatway they would last twice as long.They were the same matches as weuse today-they haven't changed insize at all. Even though we were notshort on some things, we were stillvery careful as you never knew whenyou would be short. Even the waterhole outside had to be fixed upproperly. It had to have a good wind­break as it stormed a lot. We weretold never to put ice chips near thehole as they made it slippery; it waskept shoveled out at all times.

Over the years I have made manyigloos. It would take me less th;; ,an hour to make an overnight on,;.Sometimes it is hard to make an iglooand other times it is impossible. It all

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tunut taima tamatkua maligallarigilau­raptigu.

Amma ilitqusirilauqtapta i1angat. Taip­sumani akiqangngitpalaurmata tiriga­niaqsiutit tunijaumiaqpak&utik niuviq­tinit tiriganiaqsiutiturnaqsijaraangat.Pitqusitsiariktumia'tuarnik takujaqaq­simangmijunga tiriganiaqsiutit aki­qaplangnagit tunijauvakkaluaqtillugittiriganiaqsiutittauq tamatkua asiruit­tumia'tuungmata tiriganiaqsiutinikutuqqavut ipirainnagaiqujisuittumi­a'tuuvalaurmijuttauq ajurnangngit­tunik. Tamatkua piqutiit atutsiajusal­luavik&ugit kiinaujaliurviqaqpalaung­nginnamik tiriganiaqtarijarmi asianikniuvirutiqajuittuugami tamatkualuk­taat tama'ta inuu~irilauqtavut aki­qangngitkaluaqpalluunniit tiriganiaq­slut suli mianirijaujungnaqpalauqtut.

Ammalu suli tamatkuaptauq qajariak­kut ingilranilukpalirapta angutiru­naangu'naaqpak&uta ilaanni tallimau­lauqpak&utaaglaat qajariat amigar­mata. Ikumaqarla'naakunivangmattaimna aliqtiksaq angajugilaugaraparurluta ingilrajuulluaraangapta,uqsu'naaq itangnarmat, ajuliqqaaqtin­nata akunigusuplangnata tangmaami­a'naarlutaunniit pijumaarapta. Paruu­jamia'naaq&uta, tingilra'naaq&uta­luunniit ingilravalauqsimavugut,sunaluktaat pitsiajusaqtauvalaurmata.

Jonah Ami'naaq of Baker lake.

Jonah Ami'naaqqamani'tuarmiutaq.

15

depends on the snow. These days,some people think they can't make anigloo, but it is probably just that theyused the wrong snow. If they use pro­per snow they could probably makea good one.

Vears ago Inuit made their iglooson the leeward side of the slope of ahill. Before they built it, they wouldwatch which way it would face. Theyplanned first before building andused the good snow for the main partof the igloo. Mostly they faced theigloos south so the ice window wouldreceive sunshine and the door wouldbe sideways away from the wind.They faced it sideways rather thanfully away from the wind so the door­way would not get covered by asnowdrift.

The elders taught me the ways of thewinter and I tried very hard to followtheir advice. When we set fox traps,the only ones that caught anythingwere the ones set properly. The traphad to be set sideways to the windand then a thin layer of snow couldbe put over the trap. They also set itsideways as the fox will bite the meatonly from the leeward side. Anotherrule we followed was never to kill ananimal that we were not going to usedfor food or clothing. We never studiedanything that didn't concern animals.

16

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t>''rr<l'J<l'''n"-,r' r'c...r''r'~<'l-r>-,<l'r'r<l<'l-r AP'C?n'~ra-' A'P­n'~'" <lCt>r''' ~I\<-,J L"?A"'-,JAP'r"C?nr<Lt>'LJ ~<~4'j,~L..,<,­c..t>c;.)"i. ..D\Jr" \f' ( )0- L. Lc..: C 1\ ( (<l~ L., c;._<c...t>"r'L'Lc' <lcL i, C~L I\'r'<l'<'-

Inuit women on top of theHudson's Bay Company buildingat Baker Lake, 1926. Does anyoneknow why they would climb up onthe roof? Notice the beautiful"dress-up" atigi on one of theseyoung women.

A~AC 4~~c (J~~c;A~< ~~v

'bL~'J<l'r, 1926-~n"-,J,

p..r<lr' 'bt>"..L'<''''''< ;"L'<'4'L~C? t>'"..?ir'4nr~C;~\v· C<dQ.(J L·d·JO'"<lfia.O"'.

Inuit arnat niuvirviup qaanganiqamani'tuarmi, 1926-ngutillugu.Kinamiamik qaujimajuqaqpa suuqmajuarmangaataa? Ujjirusugitatigiraarjungnik taapkunanimakkuktuni arnani.

Aulajimmaarmijungaagiaat ajuqsalu­attua m iang ng itka Iuaq & utig a9Iaattaimna ataatagilaugara amaruq. Ikkitittamatkua maanna taipsumanitut suliaktigijut angiliqpaallingngittut mikiliq­paallingngittullu, puluatsigajuktumi­a'tuugami taimna, ikkitailliungngimiat­tuaqtillugit silamiingngitsaraangamipuluatsigiaraangami ikittarutiksaminikikkiti'naaq atausiq qupiplugu malru­iq&ugu ikitsittarutigivamaurmaguqupluaqainnajulauqtuq nungulingngit­tunigaglaat pitsiajusaqpalauqsimang­mata. Amma suli taima pitsiajusatgu­piksinnai tia'na sunaluktaatsiamiat

In the past, stores were not just out­side your house but took a long timeto get to. When the snow was gettingsoft I used frozen mud runners for myqamutik. If I had been able to getmetal runners, I would have, but theycost a lot. I could have used metal,even though it didn't pull as well asthe mud runnners, because I hadstrong dogs. When spring came, themud wore away quickly, especiallywhen you hit a spot of bare ground.

In the spring we would ice the mudrunners at night as it was colder atthat time. Some people had a specialplace to keep their qamutik out of thesunshine when they were not using it.When out hunting, you didn't havethat special place, so you used othermethods to keep the mud runnersfrozen. We would cover the qamutikwith skins and pile snow on top tokeep the runners cold. When it goteven warmer, we would dig a placefor the qamutik in the snow on theslope of the hill where it was frozen.We would put the qamutik in the hole,cover it with skins and then pile snowon top of the skins. That is how it wasdone then and you could even use theqamutik where there were patches ofbare ground.

One spring, I had a good dog teamand I set off to get Qulittalik and hisfamily. The weather was very warm,but I was still using my mud runners.If you don't use mud, the wood run­ners wear out very quickly. I wastravelling at night when the snowwas still frozen, but some of thestreams were open and the waterwas running. Just before arriving atour destination, my dogs startedacting up and were hard to control.They crossed a stream and the mudcame off as soon as they touchedwater. Ice on the mud runners had tobe kept from touching water or thatwill happen.

Long ago, Inuit didn't have furnaces,but we always found ways to thawmeat out. In the winter of 1941,Ami'naaq and I were out trapping andwe didn't have much dog food. Whenyou feed meat that is frozen solid todogs, they never seem to be satisfied.So, every time we stopped to campAmi'naaq would cut a hole in theIce and completely submerge somecaribou meat in the water. When wefinished making ou'r igloo, he would

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aatqiumaqujausulauqsimangmata. In­mingnik tigumiaq&ugit imiqtaqtaqpa­laurmata imarijaksamingnik imiqta­gaksamingnik, tiiliuqtagaksamingnik.Silakkullu imiqaqpak&utik piqsiqtat­tuajungmat taimna imiqtarviktauqaatqiumajauvalaurmijuq uquutaqatsi­aq&ugulu ammaluguuq i1uanut i1au'ta­luqimiattuaqpangngilluta, taman­naguuq i1ua pitsiarnailialaju'tuungmat,puari'tagauttaujammaaq&utik imi­qtarvigijausulauqtut.

Tamatkualu, igluliurusiq, igluliurusiu­sulauqsimajuq ia'naittuulaurmat. Iglu­taarniat, tamaani aniuvangni, uqquq­&inirmiluuvva igluqariaraangamik,taamna igluksaq saanngajaksaasanagiaqsimaqqaaratik nautsiqturni­luk&ugu manna aputitsauniup aputit­saunilluavia iglulluaviksauniarmattaavamnali avuuna tuqsuqarvik­sauniarmat isumaksaqsiuqqaaq&utikiglu sanajauvalauqtuq kivammuttaavunga south-mut saanngagajukpa­lauqtut siqinirmut igalaaq sikuqaumatitsivangniarmat ammalu taam­na paagijaa anurimit sanningatsiar­niarmat, uqqumut saanngaluarumipiqsiliraangat tamaangnga uqqurminitapittaqujaungngit&uni sanningajumiksanniqtiqsimajunik igluliurusiqapala­uqtut.

Ajuqiqtuqtaunilukpalauraluaqtungaukiup pitqusianik. Ukiup pitqusiaaturniluttuamiaq&ugulu uvamniktia'nali pivangmata. Tiriganiaqsiullup­tauq tamaunga maniqqamut tirigani­arnilugutaujuq tiriganiakkaattuamiar­niq ajuinnaqpalauraluarapta amisu­raaqpalaungnginnapta kisiani ajurnar­mat aatqitsiaqsimajut kisimik pitaq­pangmata, tiriganiaqaraangallu.Taamnaptauq tiriganiaqsiut sannitsia­riagaupluni apummik matujaujaraa­ngami saalisaqtauniaq&uni sannitsia­riagaujaraangami taamna pauguaqar­vi'naanga atguq&iutiplugu sanningati­tauvaiaurmijuq piqsiqtaqtuksaq anuri­qaqtuksarlu isumagijaupluni, tirigani­arlu uqquanit kisiani niqinik kiisijaqtu­juninga pip&ugu tamajja tamatkuamaligariluqiujaqpalauqtavut. Ammalutamatkuninga nirjutialaaluqi'naanik ni­qiksariniangngitaptingnik tuqutirit­tailinirmik maligalituqaulauraptatamatkua nirjutiit asiannik i1innialuaq­palaungnginmata.

Taima ukpirusukpunga suli maan­namut tikit&ugu. Nirjutiit utuqqapta,sivuJlipta ataatatsiarjuapta qaplunaa­qaqqaaqtinnagu tamaani ukiuqtaqtur-

17

take the meat out of the hole. Themeat was completely covered withice and he would chop it off with anaxe and the meat would be thawedout. The water was warmer than theair and that did the job.

Even at that time, Inuit got sick.Sometimes you would get such a badcold you felt very sick and your bodyfelt lazy. You hurt very easily andfound it hard to breathe. We had dif­ferent bodies then; we were a lotstronger than we are now. We weretold, though, to get up and try harderto do things. They weren't mistreat­ing us but thought if we stayed stillfor a long time we would be less ableto move. The thing that I least wantto go back to is the traditional way ofbeing sick, as they might order me tomove around.

Another thing that is important toInuit tradition is the names we hadfor family. Ataataga, my father;anaanaga, my mother; aniga, mybrother (if you are a girl); nukara, youryounger brother or sister of the samesex as yourself; angajuga, your olderbrother or sister of the same sex asyourself; these terms are still usedtoday. For those living outside yourhome or even in a different commu­nity, we had different terms: arna­qatiga, my cousin on my mother'sside; angaga, my uncle on mymother's side; akaga, my uncle on myfather's side; najaga, my sister (if youare a male); najaksara, a girl cousin (ifyou are a male).

These terms are to let you know thatyou are related to someone withoutgoing into an explanation. In English,you might have to explain that thisis your uncle and that he is yourmother's brother. In Inuktitut wewould just say angaga. The Inuit wayswere easy. I still call Titus Aluq arna­qati. In English, I would have to saythat he is my cousin of the same sexon my mother's side. He doesn't callme Piryuaq, but calls me by the nameof the relationship, arnaqagaatsiaq.

Knowing the land is one old traditionI don't want to leave out because itis as much a part of our life now asit was in the past and always will be.Inuit didn't have maps or compassesbut looked at the ground in order notto get lost. Around here, in Decem­ber or January, the northwest wind

18

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miutaviniit qaujimanninga suli ukpiri­jara qaujimaliraluaqtunga, qaujimalira­luaqtungaptauq maanna paiaalajjirjua­qaqpalirmat tuktunut qaujimanningatsuli ukpirillaritsiamiarapku. Tatvaag­laat niriungniqakkanniqtunga kivaitittuktuqatgusipiksinnaqtillugu, upin­ngaaluktaaq unnirluqattaamiarmatanapaaqtulingmi taavani ikualaaq­tu'tuarmik kupaiklu ilangani. Taimataipkua ikuallangnikumi tuktut nuna­qarumaniangnginmata kivaitit tama­unga tuktunginnut i1aliutijuqarumaalir­mingmata, nalliutingngittuq suliniriugisinnaqtarali paiaalaliinilli uliirijau­juksaungngittuq takulirumigaglaatnanngarijaujumaarmijuq suluaqtu'tuu­lirmangaataa, sivunngagulli qaujima­junga. Kivaitit tuktungi i1anialirmijut.

Taavunga inuusirmut kingullirmututikkannirniarama taavani inuusirmikingullirmi qangasarnitauniqsani,inuusiq ilitqusiq piliri'tusiq unipkaa­rapku, ukiuni taavani ukiungujuni ajur­naujaqpalauqtunik niuvirvimit sila­ti'naaptingniingngittunik unipkaaq­tuarama. Uvangaaglaat namminiqaput aummariuttaliqtillugu qamutiikkaauttittailiujaq&ugik ipjuqaujaq&ugikpilraaqangnginimnit. Ipjulingnik auktit­tailisimaujaq&ugit qamutinik atuqpa­laurmijunga, ajuqsangnginnajarumaliqimmitka pitguvaksinnarmata pilraa­liktumiaqpagajaraluaq&unga pilraa­qainnaqpalaungnginnama ungasiksi­simaplungalu pilraanit atugaksamnit.Qamutinik mianiqsitsiaqpalaurivugutqiqitinniluujaq&ugit ipjuriktiujaq&ugitunnukkut sirmiqpak&ugit, uplukkutsirmirnaqsisuittuungmat. lIangit qa­mutik naammagijarauja'naanganiktakijurauja' naamik nutqangaliqsimajutqamutausiviktaaqsimaplutik, sikinnit­tualiraangat qimuksianikkaangamikqamutitik itiqtaujaq&ugik. Tamaanilisanangngainnarniq ajurnarmat maqai­simapluta siniktariaqsimavvingni, ulik­tuq&ugillu saukkanniq&ugillu siqiniquunnaumitillugu tupiqsimaujaqtillu­taaglaat aungniqsami qamutivut qiqi­titpalaurmijavut. Aumanna'tuarlu pit­guktimaginnaraangat, aniuva'tuaqsaggaallak&ugu tatqavunga qiqinir­mut tikit&ugu saggautijaraangaptiguqamutiik qiqinirmiit&utik amirnikuliktuallak&ugit qiqqariksitsiamiak­kanniqpak&utik. Tama'ta aungniqsatimmaktuliqtilluginaglaat.

Unipkaarniaqpunga ajuqsalluavimiaq­simangmigama atausiiq&unga qim­mitsiarigjuaq&ungalu, qulittalikkunnikaik&iq&uta. Aumannaqtumia'tuulir-

'-1

In modern Baker lake, manyaspects of traditional times survive.The Sanavik Co-op and theMiqsurvik Sewing Centre keep artsand crafts alive, as well as themaking of traditional clothing. Thisscene, in the mid 1960s, showsthe unloading of soapstonefor carving.

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begins to form very clear snow drifts.When they have been formed even ablizzard will not destroy them andthey will stay until it doesn't get darkanymore. Snow might form aroundthem, but they will still be visible.Rounded and smooth snow driftsform on the lee side of a projectionand taper off gradually to the ground.From these you can tell which wayyou are travelling,.even when visibi­lity is poor from time to time.

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Uplumiuliqtumi qamani'tuarmiinuusituqaviniup ilangi annaktuqput.Sanavvik kuap miqsurviglu uumatit­sivut atgangmut sanajaujunik,annuraaliurusituqarmiglu. Taamna,1960-t qitingani. takunnaqtitsivuqusingijaqtunik utkusiknik sanang­nguagaksanik.

mat ipjuliktuqtuinnaqtumia'tuuliramaqijuinnaarillngalu aullaaraluarumaqamutikka nungusania'tuungmanik,ipjuqaaningnilulukarlurama. Aungniq­sali'tuuliqtillugu aput qiqiju'tuuttaq­&uni qiqittuaqtillugu aullaaraluaq­&uta. Asuilaa kuugarlugalulikkuuliq­&uta aullaalirapta tikisaqturialasillua­vikkaluaq&uta, qimmitka pillatsaluqit­tu'tuummaarmata. Kuugarluraluqqa­jaq tamanna sikup qaangagut kuuktu­kuluuliallangnirmat tamaunga qiqi­ju'tuaq tamanna ipjura imarmutaktuutialla'naarami sirmia qauraalla­miaq&uni tikisaqturialasilluavikkalu­aqtilluta. Sirmiq imarmut aktuutittaili­jarialik auraallamiajungmat.

Uqausiqaqtillunga taipsumanitarnik,uquqsautiqalaungnginnapta Inuitpaniqsii'tusiksamingnik isumaliuqpa­lauqput. Ami'naarlu tiriganiaqsiutitu­ramnuk ukiukkut 1941-mi, piqatau­sinnaqtungali qamutigingni ikiuplungaangajuksarma ami'naap, tangmaaq­pak&unuk qimmisitiksaitturaluugam­nuk, qimmit tuktutugajaarangamikqiqitsiamiaqtumik nirijuujajuittuung­mata. Tangmaaraangamnuk ami'­naaq tuurraallak&uni sikukkut. Niqiimaaq&uniuk, niqiluktaaq kivitit&ugu.Igluliuganikkaangamnuk, imaaqsima­laupqatuugaluaq. Aijaraangaptigu,sikumit talisimatsiaqtuq, sikuijaq&uguulimaummut auganitsiamiarniq&uni.Auksii'tusiksamik natvaalaurmataasinginniglu pitsiriarusukpaallirusik­samingnik. Kisiani atugaujungniiqtuq.Uqangngimmaaqtunga taipsumungautiruarnirarlunga. Isumalluaqpalaur­mata pitsiaqpaallirusiksamingnik.Tamatkua inuusilluavigilauqtavut taip­sumani, niuvirviit sunaluktaang­ngungngilauqtillugit. Maannali suna­luktaanik pivalirapta inuu'tutiksap­tingnik niuvirvingmit. Niqitaarvigiplu­tigu, annuraaqturvigiplutigu. Taipsu­manili tia'nailaungngittuq.

19

We can still use these signs as we didin the old days. Visibility used to getpoor and it got dark at night. and itstill does-the conditions are thesame. Even today. learning to telldirection from the snow drifts has tobe learned. as travelling on the landis becoming more and more common.Watch carefully where the wind iscoming from when snowdrifts formfrom the big storms in December andJanuary. Sometimes the drifts are alittle different each year-they turn alittle more this way or that way thanthe year before. When I travel fromBaker Lake to the Kazan area. I travela little different way each year. If Itravel the length of Baker Lake. I cutthe snow drifts at a little differentangle each year.

Before there were schools. childrenused to play games. go sliding or dosome chores no matter how little theywere. I always had chores to do. likecarrying water in a pail and learningthings that I would have to do in lateryears. Girls would practice sewingand prepare themselves for thelifestyle ahead of them. By the age ofnine or ten. a girl could do some realsewing and help her mother. A boyaround twelve who is good with hishands could practice making smalligloos. Even at the age of ten. a boycould set proper traps close by thecamp. All children start practicing atan early age the things they will do inlater life. Some even at the age of fivecan fire a rifle and shoot a caribou.

In the old days. children used to goto bed early and get up early. Therewas no television or radio to keepchildren up. We used to get up early.get dressed and before eating weretold to go outside and check theweather. They wanted us to havebodies that were not slow or relaxed.When adults visited each other theyscolded us and told us not to listen asthey were talking about things theydidn't want us to .hear. They didn'twant to put things in our head thatwould be of no use to us; they wantedus to be good children.

These were some of the traditions ofthe past. and I am sure many peoplewho read this will agree with me. Ihave nothing more to say.

20

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Nadlak'sAncient Campsite

by Kim Carter

To an archaeologist, the discoveryof an ancient city or settlement canbe an exciting event. It is excitingbecause such a find can unlock mys­teries about ancient peoples. ForBryan Gordon, a curator of NorthwestTerritories archaeology for the Na­tional Museums of Canada, the dis­covery of an ancient Inuit campsite inthe barrenlands is helping him to learnmore about the Copper Inuit.

The south wall of one of Nadlakdwellings (called house 2) that wasreconstructed by National Museumarchaeologists.

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CAL "a..6. C)o- It Q.d"'(cr'ilo Aa..A'f"ilot'-~\a..'iLC a..Ja..~)O"'Io A~)~"O"''iO''' ••Bryan Gordon-...Jc I>t.Lt.o,,"nl>"'''~a.. ( r'<l OJ r A( " 'i CTCrn..~o", • NationalMuseum Of Canada-d .... ....~.."A~A( )A~'ii\i\O"'~"O"'· ~a..A"a..'ir

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NaatlarmiTupiqarvivinituqaq

Kim Carter-up piliriarijanga

Itsarnitalirijimut, natvaarniq nunalivi­nirmik quvianaqtummariujungnaqpuq.Quvianaqpuq taimannaittunik nanisi­niq pinaingiqsijungn'armata nalunaq­tunik inutuqavinirnik. Bryan Gordon­mut uimaijaqtiujuq nunatsiarmi itsar­nitalirijinik National Museum ofCanada-kunni, nanisiniq Inuit tupiqar­viviningannik nunainnarmi ikajuqpaailitsivalliatil&ugu kaapu inungnik.

Inivinituqaup saniranga kivataaniItaijaujuq iglurjuaq 2-mik) sanajauk­kannilauqtuq kanatami piqu­tituqausivilirijit itsarnitalirijinginnit.

21

During the summers of 1985 and1986, Gordon and a team of archae­ologists visited the campsite, onan island called Nadlak in the Burn­side River 100 miles southwest ofBathurst Inlet. Gordon says it is anunusual site because it is far from thesea where Inuit traditionally lived. Itis also special because the upperwalls and open domed roofs ofseveral houses had been completelyconstructed with caribou antlers­something not seen before in theCanadian Arctic.

Inuit in the area were familiar withNadlak, but the campsite remainedundisturbed until it was discovered byDouglas Stern, a resident of Cam­bridge Bay. Stern was canoeing onthe river one day and decided to stopat the island for lunch. He explored

4~~~nc~J 1985 4 L L 1986.Gordon A,I\.'bn'f' < ~ h. ' " 'erC,I\.'"J<,'r~,-~">' JA'b'I\'...]'. 'pp"cre:-CL o;r~ <In("""~r Burnside'River-r100 Lh.,~' ~~('nr<,r P<~ J'J­(~, I\~< b'f'''~4C. Gordon ~'b"J"

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Aujautillugu 1985 amma 1986,Gordon piliriqatingillu itsarnitalirijittujurmiulauqput tupiqarvingmut, qi­kiqtami naatlarmik atilingmi BurnsideRiver-mi 100 mailinik ungasiktigijumikivataani tuktusiurviup kangiq&uata.Gordon uqaqtuq ajjiqangnginniraq­&ugu tariumit ungasingmat Inuitnunagivaktatuqangannit. Narngarnak­kannirmijuq amisuplait sanirangi iglur­juit sanasimangmata tuktut nagjuin­natsi ami ang inn it - ta ku nna la uqs i­mangngittumik kanataup ukiuqtaq­tungani.

Inuit avataani qaujimajut naatlarmik,kisiani tupiqarvik uajjagaungngitain­naqsimalauqpuq nanijauqqaaraniDouglas Stern-mit, ikpiarjungmiutar­mit. Stern, qajariaqtuq&uni nutaliqtuq uplurumitarniaq&uni qiQikiqtaq avataa qaujisagaa

the island and discovered a str I'gering of antlers on a small mound edidn't know what the ring was, bu etook photographs of it and sent thto the Prince of Wales NortheHeritage Centre in Yellowknife. Staat the centre sent the photos tGordon.

Gordon and a team of archaeolo­gists decided to investigate the site."When we went there all we foundwas a ring of antlers. We thought itmight be an ancient ritual site," saysGordon. "But what we found wasequally important." The archaeolo­gists learned the site was a small Inuitcampsite which had been inhabitedl:>Y Copper Inuit for hundreds of years.

The ring of antlers turned out to bethe remains of a structure that had

erl>' <ll>",-"n'.( Prince Of WalesHeritage Centre - d L.D' L,.->..ll.' r .Ar~~' Cll.ber <l'~' <ll>L,-"n'<ll.Gordon-...J' •

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nilu takunngarnaqtunik aamalu­qsisimajunik nagjungnik qatqami.Aamaluqtuq sunaungmangaat qauji­malaungngittuq, ajjiliuq&uniuk aullaq­titpaa Prince of Wales HeritageCentre-kunnut jalunaivmi. Pilirijittaikani ajjit aullaqtitpai Gordon-mut.

Gordon-Iu itsarnitaqsiuqtillu qaujisa­riaqturualiqtut. "taikungngaraptananijatuavut aamaluqsisimajut nag­juit. Isumalilauqtugut itsarnittanitangatkuaqivviunasugiplugu" Gordonuqaqtuq "kisiani nanijavut taiman­natut isumagijaksarjuutigijuq." Itsar­nitalirijit qaujiliqput Inuit tupiqar­vivinigajaaringmagu inuqaq&unikaapu inungnik taipsumanirjuaq.

Aamaluqsiliqsimajut nagjuit amiak­kuviniunniqput sanajaunnikuvinirmitqimainnagaunniq&unilu ukiunguliqtut

been abandoned almost two hundredyears ago. The remains of 15 Inuithouse structures were found on theisland, five of them with antler rings.The archaeologists also found theremains of some older structureswhich had stone circles instead of thestrange antler formations.

During two summers, the scientistsexcavated and rebuilt two of thestructures with antler rings. Uponcounting, they discovered that onehouse contained about 4,400 cari­bou antlers which Gordon says mayhave been used make an open domeroof. He suggests the walls wereprobably made by stacking the antlerstogether.

Gordon thinks the antler structuresmay have been summer houses andthe stone structures may have beenwinter dwellings. "We've neverunearthed winter dwellings this farinland before, certainly not a camp ofthis size," says Gordon. "You findplaces where the people had campfires or tent rings, but that's aboutall."

Inuit traditionally lived in the coastalregions and only ventured into theinterior to hunt periodically duringthe year. Gordon says the only otherinland place where winter homeshave been discovered was at BakerLake. Both places are similar becausethey are located far from the sea. Tolive at Nadlak, the Inuit would havehad to abandon their coastal lifestyleto hunt caribou instead. Harpoons andcopper tools found in the excavatedhouse indicate the people may havebeen related to the Copper Inuit fromthe coastal region.

Gordon learned the name of the islandfrom Inuit elders in the Bathurst area.They were familiar with the placeand with the caribou migration routes.But the names and the customs ofthe Nadlak people no longer existin human memory. Gordon and theothers had many questions on theirminds. Why did this group of Inuitleave the coast? Why did they chooseNadlak? What kind of life did they leadon the island? The archaeologistshoped the structures and relics foundat the campsite would give themclues to the lifestyle of the CopperInuit.

24

I>'r<" IIJ'bI>.."'''' 1>0,."'1... ', <iL­...J'"''' .... L<Jn· Cd&.\L'ia..'iIo:::>O"Io Q.~~\O"'­

[>\\f'CJ'iIo.

<1[>';'0'" L c; ?o'tr. 'ibt>~L...c;.nc a..L 1.,<;10,.,>''-.0.." b ... o-'i·.,.)CTr ... ..J L<-?· <iL...)~r'c-c;·r'­

L<" ",L<'l>'. .,: 'l> lor , • 'bl>".> ,l> L..>' <'<1" <1CI>(" 4,400-... ",' <"­('ib'iLC Gordon [>'ib'iIoJ'il. 'ib'iLn.?t>L­1>'",'n.<1~H<..>J. l>~L<..>a--> , ..~'l.~Q..I;.t>Q..,Jr<..JJ Q..L~A( ""orn:r'ilonc;·­.,.)r ( .

Gordon l>~L<''' '" L<" .. ' 'QjL<"<11>0,.''(1)' "I><-I>"(L",H<->r' 1>0,."­'I... ' ,,,,(L<" I>PI>"(I>' M<..>r' •"",.. (<-I>"(L ''r' b..><1~<C ~, I>PI>"­(1)''''''' Cl>L'", n«·nr<'r·. Cl>­L ... a..J<...,J <I'fnr ....a-.. JJ\'"'b'iIo""o-". "Gordon [>'ib'ilo)'ilo Q..0"'r'~\a.. C;l.>n c 6,J)!:1 C

P ·.,,/\cr\('''O'''· JI\ ... ..,;<:< A?/\O"'\f'''O'''·.P(<1.. Cl>LJ<1<<-1><' LC. •

8.DA( ..oa..'ib<iIo<Io»'ibt>'LC Cn.t>< r'r::..(TnLJ<lL[>,",<l.b..J<I'"'.,.)n lo ~dn·dC.

Gordon 1>'"'b'iIoJ'i1o Q..o-r"«e" .b&.O"')<I<;.I>PI>"(I>'" 'r' Cl>L 'bL.. ' }<1'r'<-­I>'L'. CL'r' <1'".rb'·J· cn.l>r'I>'l.('br·. ":'<-'rI>Cl>r<l',". l>~­

l>' 'PLl>o,.n.<1'1.<-1>">' cn.l>r ,,"U'­r'O"'· J·Jr't>'"'n\~'i~n". t>~(

"",nL ..> b<.. ' ,,,,(L<" ~..0,.1><"AL..J'i ....<I'ir C "LL'ia-dO"'C ALr?t>Lt>'i-a.. 'in..<]<iIo>C A..o\fFC cn.[>'irt>o-C.

Gordon 6.,( .... c....t>c;.>c;. <]()<Icr. 'iPP'iloc_(>< fw:lJ'ib'icrC t>r'Lloj'irt>a-(. (aLa..

'bl>".L<-I>'L'<'· J'JL..> 1><1"',,<1'.P(<1.. <1n'r 1I'~('rL..> l>~l>' ":'<-'­rl>' l>' 'bI>L0,.1><" ":"J". Gordon<1('r L..> <111"'U' ,'b?":"J' )?d<1~l>' 'PLl><' cn.l>r·? l? d<l .,:, <- ' ­r. O"'?<I~.«C? 'ib..D'i· Li~r'\(.J>'i·«

'PP"Cr? l>', ' ..C,n."" 'bl>".'<,nU­<1"<l> ''''· ..d' l>;,("..'r .... b<6.D!J.( .

Gordon bn"~l>,"J" Cd'" , .. ' '1.1>­~ .. Q..?Ct>a..7'iQ.. 'in.<lcr ft )0;.. r;;.c L c;rt>cCl>d'l. ~"b<-I>'L'lC. l>~L<''' (<-r'1I'<'n'b~~r<..>J. I>PI>.. 1500-.. '1800-~' I>PI>"C"J" l>"'",'<'­<1' ..'b<-I>'L'. 'bl>".,"n' Cl>o,.'l.'"r'd C;~<I'iO"'l.';'i•• " eLLa.. aftp'iQ.o; .... _<J'i(1"'ift en-&>< rr'i ....n\f ... o",. <Il>'-c..'ift n C ­

(",'n.<1'L'. Cl>L'", II'L'. Gordonl>~L<'''. ~l>' L'bl>'<'J' CL' P' .. •cr'i ....no",· cn.t>r c ..Da..r'-J Jrt)r"[>Jrt­

b"'O"'("'"(".1>O;o. 'in.<I'iLC c:.cc... c;rt>Cl>c-'ift­..>n L..>. Gordon 1>'b"J" r'<- III>(C­l>·",'L'. l>~l>' l><-'r' I>n~~r<..>r'

Cn.I>~' l><-'r' <1I>L~n.4"nL..>r'P<l.J<L lo i::J...D\\J'ilo.,nr. )")r\rt>c

p<L,'r.

qullit atgait malruiq&ugit. Amiak­kuviniit qulillu tallimallu iglurjuaviniitnanijaulauqput qikiqtami, tallimatnagjungnik aamaluqtuliuqsimaplutik.Itsarnitalirijit natvaakkannilaurmijutpituqauniqsanik ujaqqanigli aamaluq­sisimaplutik takunngarnaqtunik nag­jungniungngittuq.

Aujaangni marruungni, qaujisaqtitsaggaqsivut sanakkanniq&unigillumalruuk aamaluqsiliqsimajut nagjuit.Naasaigamik, qaujivut iglurjuaqatausiq 4,400-nik nagjuktaqarmatGordon uqaqtuq qarmarijaulaurnar­riarasugiplugu. Isumaplunilu sanirangasanajaunasugiplugu nagjuit qaliriiliq­tiq&ugit.

Gordon isumajuq nagjungnit sanasi­majut aujaqsiurviulauqsimanasugiplu­git ujaqqanit sanasimajut ukiuqsiur­vigiplugit. "nanisilauqsimangngitka­luarapta suli ukiuqsiurvingnik taiman­na tipsiktigijumik, taimannatullu angi­tigijunik tupiqaqvingnik," Gordonuqaqtuq nanisijungnaqputit Inuitkik&uvininginnik tupiilluuvva piruvini­nginnik, kisiani taimatuaplauvang­mata. "

Inuit nunaqaqpaktutuqaungmata tari­up sinaani timmualauqpakkaluaq&utikqakutikkut. Gordon uqaqtuq nanisiv­vikkannituaq ukiuqsiurvingmik taimaqamani 'tuarmiilaurmat. Tamarmik aj­jigiikasaktuk tariumit ungasikkamik.Naatlarmiutaugiaksaq, Inuit qimaijari­aqalauqput tariumi pitqusirmingniktuktusiuqtingngurlutik. Unaat sanna­tillu kaapanit sanasimajut nanijaujutiglurjuarmit saggarnikunit ilagijaulaur­narriaqput inungnit tariurmiunit.

Gordon ilitsilauqpuq atianik qikiqtaupinutuqarnit umingmaktuurmiunit.Taimna qaujimalaurmajjuk tuktulluuajarviat. Kisiani atingi pitqusingilluInuit naatlarmiut itqaumajaujungniiq­tuq. Gordon asingillu apiqqusiksa­qarunaaqtut suurukua Inuit qimaivattariumik? Suurukua naatlarmik niruaq­sivat? Qanuq inuusiqalauqpat qikiq­tami? Itsarnitalirijit qaujijjutigisuaqpaisanannikut inuusivininginnik kaapaInuit.

Gordon katiqsuiliqtuq takujaksanikqaujinnarutaunajarnarrianik suuqnaatlarmiut taikunga nutqalaurma­ngaataa. Isumajuq silamik pitjutiqara­sugiplugu. Ukiuni 1500-nit 1800-nutukiuqtaqtuq ikkiirnarjuarniqalaurmat,

Gordon is now collecting evidence fora theory which might explain why thepeople of Nadlak settled there. Hethinks it may have been due to theweather. From the early 1400s tothe 1800s, he says, the North expe­rienced a cold trend, which scientistsnow refer to as "the little ice age."This cold spell might have drivenaway sea mammals. When this hap­pened, Gordon suggests, the Inuitwho normally hunt both land and seamammals may have begun to spendmore time hunting caribou and livingat Nadlak. Gordon says that when theweather finally improved, some Inuitprobably returned to the coast whileothers journeyed in a southeast direc­tion to settle in the Keewatin.

Gordon says this theory seems tofit in with the apparent occupationperiod. Nadlak was used as a tentcampsite around 1400 AD, became amore permanent settlement withstone houses after 1450, and wasabandoned around 1700. He addedthat the site is an important discoverybecause it gives some evidence of

The stone walls of a meatstorage structure next to house2 at Nadlak.

t>'.r~r.~bcr ( "'QJL""~ A L...) <r; ~4 <

"'~~ cr%t>(At>< "'cr4cr !:J.LJ<r;­

-.'<1< 2,

Ujaqqanit sanasimajuq iglurjuapsaniraa niqausiviup sanianiiglurjuap 2.

Gordon ~%~)~ CL'~ 6,L~~

AA~·n«(4~j~<r;Lc Ar~cr~Lt>~)~(.

.:(<...~ )i\%'''~<...~~)~ 1450 ~p~<

%crr.,.'l.~ 'f'Ll.~<-,~-, 1700 ~p~<

%~r.,.'l.~, ~%"L"-'~ )i\%',,' 6,L­ra.,.·","'.J>~ a..a-r'cr<;JC Q..,Ja..dr'ift()'r'<­

c..."L' b< 6.~6.C a..~c...t>"iO""'iL\(.C

a..Ja..A(dC~C~<;J4?\~~~( c~t>r.

AC"'<;a-Cr~~c ~a..\~4rt>~<A CL""r ft

"'a.. r' L-o:! , "Pa-n..<:lr<;ft."nI.J ~a..C'ib'iL\(,(

<1C~. CL'r' i\~n,,;( ~cr"'~-.'(

qaujisaqtit taijangat "sikurjuarniga­jaaq." Tamanna ikkiirnarjuarniq tariupnirjutinginnik aullaqtitsinarriarmat.Taimanna pingmat, Gordon isumajuq,Inuit maqaitpaktut tamakkingnik nir­jutinik tariumit nunamillu tuktusiuluk­kannililaurnarriarmata naatlarmiutau­Iiq&utiglu. Gordon uqaqtuq sila piusi­tainnarmat, Inuit ilangit utirasugiplugittariumut ilangit aullaariaqtillugitkivammuplak inungnguq&utik tuktu­lingmiut kivallirmi.

Gordon uqaqtuq tamanna isumaniqipi ri ktitsiaqtu ujarmat pi liriniulauq­tumut. Naatlaq tupiqarviulauqtuq1450 ukiup qanigijangani qimagaup­lunilu 1700 ukiup qanigijangani.Uqammaaqluni tupiqarvik isumagi­jaksarjuuvuq nanisinirmut nalunailiq­titsiplangmat kaapa Inuit naniilaurnir­mangaataa nalunaitkutaqtaqarlua­rungniiraangat tariumi.

Itsarnitalirijit nunangngualiuqpai ta­marmik sanasimajut qinirialiq&utiglusunataqarmangaat ataani. Tamarmikpiqutiviniit nanijaujut titiragautsiaqputininganik qanurlu atsiktigijumit nani-

25

where Copper Inuit were livinll duringa period when there is little evidenceof their living on the coast.

The archaeologists mapped all of thestructures and began searching to seewhat lay underneath. Each artifactthat was found was carefully cata­logued according to its location andthe level at which it was discovered.The archaeologists found that thehouses they were excavating had fourcomplete stone floors built on top ofeach other. This indicates that thehouses had been seasonal dwellingsand had been occupied for hundredsof years.

Artifacts were found on the differentlevels. In 1985, the scientists foundfirestarters, some needle cases, bro­ken soapstone pots, a pottery shardand harpoons. They also found cop­per items like knives and ulus whichhelped confirm that the people ofNadlak were Copper Inuit.

In 1986, the scientists found someornaments such as tiny, carved wood­en animal heads, a bear tooth whichmight have been part of a necklace,pieces of shaped iron that might havebeen jewellery and a spear support fora kayak.

Parts of a leather harness found at thesite suggest the inhabitants may havehad dogs. The remains of a birch­bark basket suggest they may havetraded goods with Indians living to thesouth of them.

The archaeologists were only able toexcavate two houses because of theshort sumrner and the careful natureof their work. Excavation involvescarefully scrapping away dirt anddebris to see what lies underneath.Quick or careless movements canmean the loss of an important artifact.However, their search told thern theInuit intended to stay at Nadlak for along time because, although theirhomes were seasonal structures, theyhad stone floors and walls.

The archaeologists learned that theNadlak Inuit depended almost exclu­sively on caribou. They found bonesfrom an estimated 100,000 animalson Nadlak. Almost all of them werecaribou bones with the exception ofthe bird, fish, ground squirrel andmusk-ox bones.

26

CoppermlOe\I' ...~j"

me; Lt>' r'<J""')C .6.o-"l.cr" "b.D'i J <:I C-('nr.,',' ....'7l>'L'l.'. ll."' ..C,­~~( ~t>~Lt>~>( .6.LJ~~.6.( ~LL·bn·

(CL.. ' ..(U' C'b' LC l>'7"'b.. ' 'b,n:­0"". CL La.. Q.Ja..6.~.6."". 6. ~ J <; ·'UJJ. (ll... r'7l><:c...l>'LC l>Pl>'" 'b..ll.,' ..'LLr".,.JJ .6.crr?t><;b c (:<i\..,lO"'J t>P[:>O"'·<I, , .. ' .

A'dn,,":' ....'7l>c...l>">' <I' c' dnr'­'f'..>n'. 1985-,. 'bl>i","n' Q."(­c...l>"> , ll.d<l·c...·,l>n.. •• ,"dCl>(­"' .. ', ('d,(L.,'.. • l>'dc' .. ' l>'d­(',,' , .. (L.,'.. '. ('dLLd .. '-, ll.<­~<;cr( ~a..r'L~CT· t>~O"'LJ. a..crr'LL""'­.,.JnLJ ~~\O"'c ~a..r'L~O"'. ~·jnrJrc

ALt>n c t>'-J'-J Q.Ja...6.r<;"('l( r'·bLcr..... -:Jcr" a:cL<;n>c b'< 6~d>'iLC.

1986-,. 'bl>i","'n' ..~Cc...l>">'Al>'l>n..' ~,jnr-,J 'P.,". 'Q.'~­

<I"'cL.," 'P.,"" ~'.,'n' ..<I'd'f,<I'c...< PJC l>'7,l>< ll.c...rc...l>'Q.'~<lC.\1,.-, ,.. cL.," ,Pr~ ?n-,'pl>c...l>' .. ,­~<I' <ILL b~n' )'~<"<I .. ' '1.'7',.

<;Pr'[>?'i· 4..0< .6.L'l .6. .... Lr<;~n( r'> ..11.Da.."'bL[:><;":JC c;pLr"'bc.J>c; .... r<...>r. Q..(<;I0_

j< 'b~.. ' 'Q.(L.,''' A'dCl>c'",ll.'L,"'n'(>'" Cl>"'!"C'bn'b~,r<-,r't>a.. '-('""IT" p,nr\';' (:>0- ••

.6.(~<;O"'Cr~~( ~LL .....j"'J4Lt>~>( L'i­?.6. ..a:\0"' • .6.LJ<;~<J\O"'. <Jt>7t>< o...6,L­

rT\l..oc Arf'L<]\fC-, A C r'<J"'''n..<l''1,'i(T'­~~'. ,'L"').. P,l>"'~'C<l.,"~<I'b"'­>~ A~r. ~~LLd~LJ ~~~~~

, ..C'b'L'l.' <lC... A<lc..."~~ A'c<l­.,"''f'.. '-, <I (l>i"n , (.," .. 'L' ll.'L­r'7·".,'<I'" A'dn".."'. pc<l..,.<;P~<;~\LC )p~~<;·~nc~,.<;. b.~t:.c o:c-c...'r''b'C?<I'LC. l><:J'f l>P~" 'b~-

Baker lake

~jaungman9aat. Itsarnitalirijit qaujilauq­put iglurjuit saggakkatik sitamaniknatiluktaaqarmata ujaqqanik qaliriinik.Tamanna nalunaijaivuq iglurjuit inigi­jauvalaurmata ukiuq qanuilirningamalik&ugu inigijauqattaaq&uniluukiunik amisunik.

Piqutiviniit nanijaulauqput atsikkuti­giingngit&utik. 1985-mi, qaujisaqtitnanisilauqput ikuallaksautinik, mitqu­tausivingnik, siqumisimajunik utku­singnik utkusiksamit sanasimajunik,siqummakuniglu ipjurnit sanasima­junik unaaniglu. Nanisimmaaq&utiglusavingnit sanasimajunik uuktuutigilu­git pilautit ullullu nalunailiqtitsikkan­niqtunik naatlarmiut kaapa inuulaur­mata.

1986-mi, qaujisaqtit nanisilauqputpiusautinik uuktuutigilugu mikijut,sanangnguaqsimajut qijungmit nirjutitniaqungi, ak&ap kigutaa ujamiup ilagi­laurnarriagaa, saviillu sanasimajutmikilirarutiluqiulaurnarriat ammakapuutit tungngavvianik qajarmi.

Qisiujaq anup ilanga isumaliqtitsivuqnunaqalauqtut qimmiqaiaurasugiplugi.Napaaqtuup qaanganit sanasimajuqpiqutausivvik isumaliqtitsivuq tauq­siiqtaqatiqarasugiplu9it unallinik kiva­timingniittunik.

Itsarnitalirijit saggaqtuullualauqputmarruinnaangnik iglurjuangnik aujaupnainninganut piliriangitalu pitsia­jusariaqarninganut. Saggaqtuni kiliuq­saatsiajusariaqaqpuq nunamik siqum­makuniglu qiniq&uni sunataqarma­ngaat ataani. Pialasarniq pitsiajusang­nginnirlu asiujititsijungnarmat isuma-

The abundance of caribou probablykept the residents at Naklak, Gordonsays. "Caribou could have providedthe people with everything needed tosurvive in a harsh land. Not only couldthey provide food, their fat was prob­ably valuable to residents for lightinglamps and for cooking. The skinswere likely used for tents, clothingand footwear. Bones could makeneedies and weapons while sinewcould serve as sewing thread."

Many arrowheads and several lance­heads were found at the excavatedhouse. Gordon says the Inuit mayhave intercepted caribou in the water.Spearing the animals was a simplemethod used by Inuit. They wouldwait until a large group of animalswere crossing the water. Movingquickly in their kayaks, they couidmove in on the animals while theyswam, spearing them with sharplances.

While caribou are good swimmers,they usually like to choose shallowcrossings while on their migrationroutes. Nadlak was the ideal loca­tion for hunting caribou because theanimals used the area around theisland as a river-crossing point. Theword nadlak is Inuktitut for "cariboucrossing." While the archaeologistswere at Nadlak last summer, theysaw between 20,000 and 40,000caribou cross the river.

During the excavation and rebuildingof the house, the archaeologistsvideotaped their discoveries. Theyhope to return to the island next yearto dig more structures in the hopes offinding out more about the campsiteand the people who lived there so longago.

t.Ler'l..D' <DI,I>,J~J<I"..>n' ~'>-l'Ler'f'.

t>7~~'ibO"''' a..n'ib<iLC l.,a-c;,%"i".,.JnL..J.

6.' l., Cia-ern-roC ArC "'>c c:.. c,- c;rt>'A~6. ( <D <i ..J<ln.<:J'ibc..l> c; LC ) It )0- It •

,,-er,'.,' , ~l>er'f'Ler' 100,000 I>'l.c'erO"''i~nC c:..cL'ir. CL'irJ"Cbl.,lo )lo)C~ l>er,,-c..1> I, t. AC'I>c..1> , ";r< ' bJ<I"..>ern'r<l?I. t.'bJt.'. ,', I' I>r'Lt. c ­~« I..,l>o-\(''''O'''''.

) .. )r<l~o",~o",( ~Q.~( c:..cc..'irnc..l>'i­"- ',,-<lI,t.. Gordon I>'I>"::J". "::J'::J'A7,,-<l'bI,J'c''f'L er ' An' ,'.,",,-c..I>'LCI>Ler<l?r' .D,,-r <I'n',,-"::Jr. er'P'~­l>r'La. "f ... ...)(P. ) ... .a\f' .6,<r'ia..c.J>'i­

"- ',,-<l'CI>" t.dL'.,'n' ~1><Jer 'bI>L'­.,'n'~'rL.D' t.1,'.,'n'~'f'L.DCJ. <lr'r<lJLl><:Ll>'ia.'in.<lc JA'i.oc, <l ... .D~.D(br .. .a ... ..J. l.,t>;c l.,a..7l>...... a.c..l>'i,,>,r'~nrI>I,I>Jn' ,Jcc..l>n'~erLJ t.<J'f'rc;·,m.,.Jn" A<:..Jf<:".,.Jf ( ."

Gordon t>'ib'iloJ'ilo !:1 C l.,'io-Cc-n.r- c ,. ... c....­

t>nO"''' o.O"'(?c:..'\fLa.r" c:..cL'ir CAL'ide- 'i a.A ( Jr It 'ibl>r-c...t> \ "of' ( J ( 'ib.a C;lo

::J'::J' <I~,,-,JI,I><c..I>'L~c'. t.>,An','J' 'I>''';c..I>',,-',,-<l' b~ncJQ.er71>c..1>">, ~LI,I,I>.,'r t.LJ'.,'<I'r.l>'ib'iloJ'ilo A.aA' t><"Cc-[>'ia. 'i n..:<I c 0"'0; .... ­

ncr' t.Ler. er'.,'n' bA<'..>r' A',',,-­<I"::Jr' t..Dt.' A<c..1> , LC, I>C'''P<'..>­ne <lIre cr'i ....nc .6.bc-'ilo r'<ln..<..JfcAL"d c • 'ib?'i.. J<3 c.... .. ....>n ... cr'i .... L.JC

() P c ...>n It Q.J It n ..J r( bA< ..JO'" r... ..J

t.A'::JJ' b~"J'.

::J'::J' "-J cJ";I,Jt.'. er?<I",'<'LC6,'b"'O"''iO'"'' a....JL~ .. l.,r\o", .. l><l?'iQ"''i­r\O"'. ~CL~~ ~~~~~~~~~c~~>~~

(T'~ ....nc <D~~<\LJ .Do.. <l<C(T' Q.JLt\.­r<JJ ~~b~~~~ a:CL~~ ~~n~c ~P~b~­

L~~ "~~~c .6.b'~~~~t\.<lc ," .6.c~~(T'Cc-­

~~c a:cL~rL~~L~r~ <l~~(T' <l~7~­

nCJJ. Cdc..I>">, <ld Ler'l.er 20,000<I"L 40,000-er' ::J'::Jer' t.b"::Jer'd' ~ de.

~LL~L~r~ ~Q.~bL(T'~~nLJ .6.LJ~""­

<l~r~ • .6.c~~(T'Cc-~~c <l7rc-~~>C

,,-er7r'er'. 'PP"CJ' I>n?<I"::J' <lc~'J~ LL~<l~~~~Jn~ ~Q.r'L""(T'~ ~b~~<~­

c-~bL(T'?<lJC ~A~b~,,\r~ .6..D\(T'I.JC.6.b~L~~~~(T' ~ C.6. < ,JL(T'~ ~ ....<l~~,

gijaksarjuarmik piqutivinirmik. Kisia­nili, qinirningat tukisinaqsititsivuq Inuitnaatlarmiiqattaaruarmata, uvagungiukiuq qanuinninganut atugausuralu­aq&utik sanasimaningi, ujaqqaniknatiqarmata saniraqaq&utiglu.

Itsarnitalirijit ilitsivut naatlarmiut Inuitaturluariaqalaurmata tuktunik. Nanisi­jut sauninginnik 100,000 ungataaninirjutit naatlarmi. Tamarmiluktaaka­sak tuktut saunirilaugai pitaqalaur­juumivakkaluaq&uni tingmiarusii, iqa­luit, siksiit umingmailluuvva sauni­nginnik.

Tuktugiangninganit nunaliit naatlar­miitilaurnarriagai, Gordon uqaqtuq."tuktut pijariaqagalwktaanginnik pitit­sijungnalaurmata uumaniarumiknunami aksururnaqtumi. Niqiksausin­nangngillutik, tunnungi iplirnalaurnar­riattauq ikumajjutiksaupluni qaumaj­jutiksanginnut igajjutiksanginnullu.Amingi atugauvalaurnarriat tupirnut,annuraanut kamingnullu. Sauniitsanajaujungnalauqput mitqutiliugau­lutik sullautiksaniglu ivalungi miqsuq­&utik ivalugivak&ugit."

Gordon uqaqtuq itsarnitalirijit sullau­tinik nanisirunaangnginnamik naatlar­mi taima quiarnaittumik qaujilaung­ngittut qanuq tuktut angunasugauva­laurmangaataa. Iput pitiksimut qar­juulaurnarriat kapuutillu nanijaulauq­put saggagaujumi iglurjuarmi. Uqaq­tuq Inuit upaktalaurnarriat nirjutinikimaani. Nirjutit kapivak&ugit pitsiriaq­tumik Inuit pivalaurmata. Utaqqivak­&utit amisut nirjutit ikaaliqsiariplugitimakkut. Qajaqtuallak&utik, nirjum­mut tikit&utik naiuktillugit kapipluni­gillu ipiktumut kapuummut.

Tuktut nalulgujuugaluit, niruaqsi­vangmata itkannirnik nalugviksa­mingnik uajarnirmingni. Naatlaqtuktusiurviksatsauvuq nirjutit atuq­pangmagu nuna avataani nalugvigip­lugu uqausiq naatlaq inuktitut tukiqar­maq "tuktut ikaaqturviat." Itsar­nitalirijit naatlarmiilaullarmik alraaniaujautillugu, takulauqput akunningani20,000 amma 40,000-nik tuktunikikaaqtunik kuukkut.

Saggallarmik sanakkanniq&utiglu ig­lurjuarmik, itsarnitalirijit ajjiliurivutnanijamingnik. Qikiqtamut utiruaqtutalraagu saggariaqturlutik sanasima­junik qaujivaallikkanniruamut tupiqar­vingmik inungniglu taikaniilauqtuniktaipsumanisarjuaq.

27

Can KayaksCome Back?

by Eugene Arima

Can real Inuit kayaks come back inthe Arctic? It has been about twentyyears since the last of the old-timekayaks were around, a fine sight thatmany, whether oldtimers or their nowgrown-up children, can still remem­ber. In the meantime, a whole newgeneration has arrived who missedthe kayaks but would like their chanceat skimming over the waves in thisancient craft that is enjoying a modernrevival.

For some time now, there has been akayaking boom in the south aM'inEurope which is now being echoedin the Canadian Arctic. Whitewaterkayaks are the basis for this boom,

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QajaitUtirungnaqpat?

Eugene Arima piliriarijanga

Inuit qajalluavigi ukiuqtaqtumut uti­rungnaqpat? Ukiut marruk atgaikasaitqaangiqsimaliqput taipsumanirmiuti­tut ittumik qajaqtaqalauqtillugu, ta­kunnaqtuq amisut, inutuqaukpatamakkuktuukpataluunniit aulajijung­naqtangat. Tamatkua pitillugit, inuuli­qatigiiktuqarunaaqpuq qajarnik taku­lauqsimangngittunik kisianili imakkuu­qatausuaqtunik aturlutik aullaarutivi­nituqarmik nuititauvalliakkannilirmi­jumik.

Ukiut qapsikallauliqp';J1, qajaliuqturu­naaqtaqaqtillugu qaplunaat nunaanniiurupmilu tusarnakkanniqtaqtutCanada-up ukiuqtaqtungan' urlur-nirmi qajaqturniq tungnga q qa-

of course. These southern-designedcraft are quite different from Inuitconstruction, while many of the "seakayaking" designs are derived fromnorthern native forms but with signifi­cant changes. For instance, the Britishsea kayaks like the Nordkapp are saidto be of Greenland design, but theyhave lost the Greenlandic v-bottomand have had a stern blade added likea fixed rudder.

On the west coast of Canada and theUS the sea kayaks are mostly sup­posed to follow Aleut design, butagain they are quite far from theoriginal. A few southern commercialproducts even derive from the Inuitsea kayaks of the Eastern CanadianArctic, with the usual major changes.

None of these supposedly native­derived commercial craft have re­mained close enough to the originalsthat their performance will be thesame, and as for appearance, theirlooks are too different. But there area great many of them being manufac­tured, and they are spreading far andwide, even to the Inuit regions wherethey likely will become predominantunless the Inuit-style kayaks cansomehow make a real comeback.

'f'.. ', <lr;' "C"J>r <l:>Lt>; ..:>,,,<l'~'f <l~~"I?t>n'~r' t>pt>"c":>r~~~:>~d' ~~<,~'C <l'~'f <ll<l'­'J"n"~r'. t>'jnr~J. British-rt>,~?~<l'f <lnC=' the Nordkapp-r't>~t>It>IL:>' <ldP':>'rt>n:>' ~~I­

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jaliuqturunaanut, suuqaimma. Tamat­kua qaplunaat nunanganningngaaqtu­tut sanasimajut ajjigijaungngim­marikput Inuit sanavaktanginnit,amisut "tariumi atugausuqtut" ajjingiajuqaqsijautillugit ukiuqtaqtuminunalituqait sanavaktangitta ajjingiasiangnguqtiq&ugit. Uuktuutigilugu,British-miut qajaliangi atiliit theNordkapp-mik uqausiusimavut akukit­turmiutitut sanasimangmata, kisianiasiujisimajut akukitturmiut v-ngujaaq­tuliangannik aluanik amma papiruq­suutaujaaqtumik iIIirisimaplutik kingu­niagut asivasuittamik.

Canada-up kangiani amiurikamiunilutariurmi atugausuqtut qajait ajji­qaplagiaqaqput aliut sanajainik, kisia­nikkanniqtauq sivuliirnik ajjiqangngim­marikkivut. Amisuungngittut niuviak­sauvaktut sanajaujut ajuqaqsiplutikInuit tariurmiungittitut sanasimajutCanada-up ukiuqtaqtungata kitaani­tut, asiangngugaulluaqsimagivut.

Tamatkua nalialluunniit niuviaksau­vaktut nunalituqaqtitut sanasima­juuniraqtauplutik qanitqutsingngilua­mut uajarninga ajjigilangngilaa, taut­tungiii, takuplugit ajjigingngiluagai.Kisiani amisummariit sanajaurunaaq­put, ammalu ungavammaringnut

There are signs that an Inuit kayakcomeback is imminent. From timeto time over the past thirty years,examples of traditional craft havebeen constructed for preservation anddisplay, helping to keep the know­ledge of how to build kayaks alive.Such reconstruction projects make itclear, too, that kayaks were serious,important hunting instruments. Arecent example is the building atBaker Lake in 1985 of a caribou­hunting kayak by Innakatsiq who livedmuch of his life at Utkuhikhalik (BackRiver). A cultural grant from theDepartment of Indian Affairs andNorthern Development funded theproject. Several individuals have alsotried building kayaks on their own inrecent years, such as Samwillie ofKangirsuk who built a small plywood­skinned kayak used with much plea­sure by his well-known son-in-law,Zebedee Nungak.

At Akulivik in 1983, a young man,Yosepi, made a canvas-covered craftbased on information he obtainedfrom older people. In Igloolik during1984, two kayaks were built byJosepi Padlo and George Auksaq ontheir own initiative. That not all ofthese craft were of the best designdoes not matter so much as the factthat they were built, testifying tostrong individual interest. Also theyhelped lead to more organized kayakbuilding by their tangible example.There may be other instances perhapsunknown to us here; any news iswelcome.

In the mid-1980s more organizedkayak-making occurred at Inukjuak,Mitimatalik (Pond Inlet) and Igloolikwith several being built at each placeunder the guidance of knowledge­able old-timers. Satisfactory crafthave resulted. Wood frameworkswere constructed and covered withpainted canvas or fibreglassed Ceco­nite aircraft fabric, except at Miti­matlik where half were covered withringed sealskin. Most importantly, theshapes were traditional. Enough werebuilt, over a dozen, that the EasternCanadian Arctic kayak seemed to beenjoying a revival; however, since thegreater part depended on governmentfunding, without its continuation, any"revival" will be at a slower pace.

Inukjuak's building program beganin 1984 when Moses Nowkawalk

,'J' 6'J' ~~7~'LC «'(r4?C­~<Jn~ Cd?~~~<JnLJ. ~Ln(t<Jn~

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(7'"" Pa..t>?O"' .. <D'i"nct><n" .6..D("'"(\.r-J­"'b"dLcr' eLLa.. ~Q..cr<;l, <JPC-"4:JLt>L­l>~>~. 4'/<c...6'Cl>~ 6",'~' '\,7r­l>'I'Cc...l>~>' l>Pl>~~c...l>~J~. !>'j­nr~J ~L:>6r b'f'~1 ',l>C" 'P~'.. '~'J'" ~r~(L~,' '\,7rl>c...l>~J~

~~4r7l><~.. '\,l>o"L7l>'~~'Jr' ..~­l>~.. ' 4J~l><'J" o"An ~'~"'.

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6~L~4', ~~7l>~' 1984-, J((

~l>b?4~ P~l>7"C'L' $8,500-.. 't>Q.~r( <])""')<]'iA\l."(7'"( d<A\r C

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4Cl>(~ ..l>~~l><-,.. $1,200-~'

Expo '86-,'. 1985-, CanadaManpower-'d' d<lI', J.-r'c...l>">'$3,200-.. ' 4P~'~C~'~ .. ' C"rL­a-~ ~?c-<I~"a-~ <I L L-C"'rLC <I~nc

Pa..t>7C-<1 ~"\('La- ~ CC"Pa- ~ C"'c-La-.~c;c- a..~Lr<l..J~ "Q.;"'~"'Ct><Ja-.

aullaqtitauvak&utik, inuilluunniitnunanganni pitguniqsaulirungnaq­tuuqquut Inuit sanajangittitut ittut qa­jait utiqtitaungngitpata.

Takunnaqtuqaqtaqpu Inuit qajangiutiqsinnarianingmata. Qakutikkut uki­ungujuni pingasut atgainni. takujaksatsanajaujjusituqarmiktut ittut sanajau­vangmata papatsigiarutauplutik taku­jaksauplutiglu, uumatitsiplutik qau­jimanirmik qajaliurusirmik. Tamatkuasanakkanniqtitsiniit, nalunaiqsikkan­niqput, qajait sulijuuplutik, isumagi­jaksarjuuplutik angunasugutaung­mata. Qanikkut sanajaulauqtuq uuk­tuutigilugu qamani I tuarmi 1985-mituktusiurummik qajaliurninga Innakat­siq inuusiluktaakasangminik Utkuhik­haliklingmiutaujuq. Inuusituqarmutatuqtuksanik kiinaujanik atuqtitauplu­tik inulirijituqakkunnit tamanna sana­niq akiliqtugaulauqpuq. Amisuplait­tauq inmingnik qajaliurasuktalauqputukiungusaalauqtuni, uuktuutigiluguSamwillie Kangir-sungmiutaq qijung­nit saattunik qaaliqsimajumik qajaliu­lauqtuq quviagijauplu~qaujimajaullu­riktumit ningaunganit atugauvaktumikZebedee Nungak-mit.

Akulivik-mi 1983-ngutillugu, angutmakkuktuq, Yosepi, tupiksamik amiq­simajumik qajaliulauqpuq tungngavvi­qaq&uni tusalauqtaminik inutuqarnit.Iglulingmi 1984-mi qajaak marruuksanajaulauqpuk Josepi patlumitGeorge Auksaq-millu isumamingnik.Tamatkua sanajaujut piujuqtaung­ngitkaluaqtillugit sukutaungngilaq ki­sianili sanajaummarilaurmata, naluna­iqsivuq narngarusungniumanginnik.Amma ikajummaarmata maligaqat­siarnisamik qajaliurnirmik tukisinat­siarnirmingnut uukturaqtillugit. Imma­qaa pitaqakkannirnarriangugaluaqqaujimangngitaptingnik; tusagaksa­qaqtuqamiaqpat tusarumavavut.

1980-t qitiraitillugit maligaqatsiarniq­samik qajaliurniqqalauqpuq Inukjuak­mi, Mitimatalik-mi amma Igloolik-miamisuplait sanajauplutik qaujimata­qaq&utik qaujimmariktumik inutuqar­nik. Naammaktunik pianigaqalauqput.Qijungnik avalunik sanalaukput amiq­&ugit minguaqsimajunik tupiksaniktingmisuupluuvva qaaksanganik, ki­siani Mitimatlik-mi nappangi amiq­simalauqput qisingnik. Isumagijaksar­juujuqtaq. tauttungi pitqusituqarmikmalingmata. Amisuuningi naammak­tut sanajaulauqput, arvinil;;t ungataa­ni, Canada kitaata ukiuqtaqtungata

obtained $8,500 from the IndianLoan Fund in Quebec to produce fivekayaks. Although only two proto­types were completed, one of whichwas sold for $1,200 to Expo '86, in1985 Canada Manpower in Quebecprovided $32,000 to cover materialsfor five kayaks and pay for five menfor five months. Charlie Nayummialukwas the master builder, assisted byPaulo Kasudluak, Liivai Amidlak,Johnny Nastapoka, and Moses whohandled the modern covering processwith Ceconite and fibreglass. A build­ing camp was set up at Kikturiaqtuuqabout 15 km south of Inukjuak so thatthe workers would be free of dis-

ab","n"l>"..>.. <t>..> "I>~'..><I'. ~<:.a<lr'~' 7.. ~'C>b. <ILL j((A,~<I"I>"J" <lr"(''''(''C~r' n\rl<%' ~ 'L.. ' a"~a",n' ~r'..>. ~~o"'t>""JA"I>'~'C"..>n' P'J~<I"j'r 15p~rc.. , ~''''<I< P<:.C.. A,~o"" ~­

a,~ct>..<I\~LLC. A'Ll.. ' <I'~..~'<1<:'..>' A<I.. ct>~t>">c. C",L' <lrc­t><..>n' 1985-r. d<' ab"'~/Jn­

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",.. ' 1985-r C<d<l "I>7a' 5 rC.. 'CPcr'i· .... t>c;·'i~·J( r'("'"·j<Jn~J a..\f'­<J'ia..'ida..r c •

Charlie Nayummialuk working atKikturiaqtuuq (Arctio Quebec),1985.

~'i("" a.....'Lr<L.l" Ac-n.""\toP'J~<I ..j'r (d<l>' C'~'L..).1985-r.

Charlie Nayummialuk pilirijuqkikturiaqtuurmi (Kupait Tarrangani),1985-mi.

qajai itqaijauvalliajuujaliqtut; kisiani,anginiqsaq gavamanit pijaujuksaqkiinaujaqarniq pingmat, kajusingngit­pat, "itqaijauniksanga" pialainniaq­puq.

Inugjuarmi sanajaujut 1984-mi MosesNowkawalk kiinaujaqtaarmat $8,500­nik unallit atuqtuarvingannit kupa­ingmit sananiaq&uni tallimanik qajar­nik. Marruinnaak sivulliik pianigauga­luaqtillugik, atausiq niuvigaupluni$l,200-nut Expo '86-mit. 1985-miCanada Manpower-kkut kupaingmitunisilauqput $3,200-nik akiliijjutau­juksanik tal'imanik qajaliaksanik am­ma tallimat angutit kiinaujaliaksangin­ni tatqinik tallimani. Charlie Nayum­mialuk sanasuqtuqtaupluni, ikajuqti­qaq&uni Paulo Kasudluak, LiivaiAmidlak, Johnny Nastapoka, ammaluMoses piliriaqaqtuq amiqsijjusiqtaa­saamik tingmisuup qaaksanganik illai­jutiksamiglu. Sanajiujut tupiqarvik­taaq&utik Kikturiaqtuuq-mi 15 kilamii­tanik Inukjuak kivataani pilirijiti&uilisaagauniangngimmata, pinga­sunik arviniliit avalut pianigaulauqput,

Installing the kayak ribs.Kikturiaqtuuq. 1985.

"ibL,oE> < Jrl.:-'r"tr" .6,c-t>'ift'ibAa-'ift.

P'J~<I..j'r. 1985.Qajaup tulimaanginnik iliuqqainiq.Kikturiaqtuurmi. 1985.

31

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tractions, and eight frameworkswere actually built, five of which gotcovered in 1985. Quebec's ultimateaim in backing the Inukjuak kayak­making is the promotion of tourism.The employment provided was animmediate benefit as was, of course,the passing-on of the Inukjuak kayaktradition from Nayummialuk to therest. Moses made an excellent photo­graphic record of the 1985 construc­tion. These kayaks were a bit over5 metres long and were wide forsafety reasons.

At Mitimatalik in 1985, six kayakswere built with Manpower funding.These craft were bigger than the

This kayak framework was built byJohn MacDonald, with instructionfrom Uyaraasuk, at Igloolikin 1986

CL CL ~b"'t>< <1<...)<3 "'Q..,t>c..t>~~:J~"

~ .. Lloc.oCr C. <J~~P<;Io:JLt><Ja"

t>7~I'r(, ll.'->",'r 1986-\In .. ..JJ.

Taamna qajaup avalua sanajau­lauqtuq John MacDonaldmit.ajuqiqtugaupluni Uyaraasukmit,Iglulingmi 1986-ngutillugu.

tallimat amigauplutik 1985-mi. Kupakikajurasugutigijanga Inukjuak qajaliur­ninganut tujurmivaktut pivaalliquplu­git. Piliriliqtitsiniq pivaallirutaukauti­gimmaalauqtut, qajaliurusituqaviniqtunijaujuq najummialungmit asiminut.Moses ajjiliuritsialauqtuq sanajaujunik1985-mi taapkua qajait 5 miitanittakiniqsauraarjuktut siliktuuplutiglunangiarnaqunagit.

Mitimatalik-mi 1985-mi, arviniliit qa­jait sanajaulauqput kiinaujanik tuni­jauplutik Manpower-kkunnit. Taapkuaanginiqsaulauqtut Inukjuak-mi sana­jaujunit qajarnit, takiniqaluktaakasak­&utik 6 1/2 miitanik siliktummariugip­lutiktauq. Qaujimmariktut inutuqait

-,

'. ,-',

The Uyaraasuk-MacDonald kayak,covered with Ceconite aircraftcloth.

t>':::rCi i < L" C.o (..J 'ib7c-<J'L·.n'r)< ~lo"'~a"lo ~("'"~'L~~.

Ujarasuup Maktaanutlu qajalian9ak,tingmisuup qaaksanganik qaaliq­simajuq.

Moses Nowkawalk applyingpolyurethane resin to Ceconitecloth. At Kikturiaqtuuq.

Jtt ~b< A·~A~n·~~r·.6.c-l>c;·c;bA~c;· ()\r,l 'ib " \{,,D ,

P·:>n.<l":)r.

Moses Nowkawalk illaijutiksajamikiliuqqaijuq tingmisuup qaak­sanganut Kikturiaqtuumi.

Inukjuak kayaks, being generallyaround 6 1/2 metres long and verywide, too. The knowledgeable eldersinvolved were Uuyukuluk from Ikpiaq­juk, Qanguuq and Anguliainuk whowas in charge of the sealskin-coveringwork. Assisting and learning theTununirmiut kayak tradition werePitawili Utturaaq, Aipili Turngaaq andNick Qumangaapik. Also involved inorganizing as well as constructionwere brothers Peter Paniluk and PaulIdlout. Cultural preservation andeducation were the main objectives atMitimatalik rather than any economicbenefits, and much historical informa­tion relating to kayaks was recorded.The craft produced were donatedto the co-op, and one went to Expo'86. Paul, our source for the Mitima­talik construction, also went to Expoin July.

r'tLC,'r 1985-r. <l'~~~' ~~A'"~?~L~~>( P~l>?~· J~?l><Jn·

Manpower-' d'~'. C<d<l <l'f~"~­~~~..:>' ~'~<l'r ~~~~~~, ~~,­

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A~:>~A' A,n.~C~~~":>' ~d<l ~~d­Jr. .6.·A4'i~\rc. ~~~ 4~r4A~.J

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4"'f"~~~~~~ ~~~~n·..>r·..> ~bn>tiC..> <~..>t...> A'~~'. ~t:>~'r'r4~~t~~ Ar~~4~()C(~'iJ A?l>~rJ­

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1986 <l:>,~"n·...>J A'~A' A,'~<l'­~~.~ ~~,~. <lJtir~c~~". A,'~­

<l"n't~~<...>~. ~p~~~r. A~~'

~~A' <l~...>'f A<l~·<·,<l'~~">'

tCC'J,"~' ~'~'d' <l'~'f'~ ~.d~. Marcel Mason. <lLL JohnMacDonald :>~, ~.>'. <lr~~<..>n·

n'r!< ~.~~~. A·~A~n·,r'...>.

A'~t.. John ~~~~~nC ~~,~?t~­

,":>J' b~C~< ~P~"C":>~~. ~tA

<'J ~?rl>Ll>~>~ A~r~·. ~~\~.

~cJcr· 4J"'.,)0'" "O"''l.~.Dc. Lc-r.JO'"

~~,!< '~·~t~·. rp~" :>~~,~­n:>' A':>" 5 r'C~' CP~~b,':>" 60(~CrCcr· 'c-\cr~"'Jcr.

piliriqataulauqtut ukua UuyukulukIkpiaqjuk-mit, Qanguuq Anguliainuk­lu uimaijaqtiulauqtuk kisingnit amiqtu­gaujunik. lIinniammaaq&utik ikajula­uqtut Tununirmiut qajaliurusitu­qanginnik ukuangulauqtut PitwiliUtturaaq, Aipili Turngaaq amma NickQumangaapik. Piliriqataulaurmijutaaqqiksugauningani sanajautillugillunukariik Peter-Iu Paniluk ammalu Paul­lu Idlout. Inuusituqarmik mianiqsiniqilinniaqtitsinirlu pijaunasuluarniqsau­lauqpuq Mitimatalik-mi kiinaujaliu­rasungnirmit, titiragauplutiglu qa­jaup atugaujjusiviningi. Sanajaujutkuapangmut tunijauplutik, atausiqExpo '86-mungngaupluni. Paul-usi,tusarvigijaqput Expo-mungngaulauq­puq July-mi.

Malik&uni pinilungningangnik JosepiPadlo amma George Auksaq igluling­mi, qajaliurnirmik ilinniaqtitsiniqaaqqigaulauqpuq 1986 atulisaaq­tillugu innait i1inniarvinganni Uyaraa­suk agupiimiutaviniq, ilinniaqtitsi­jiupluni. Ukiungujumi, pingasut qajaitavalungi pianikpalliaraujaqput sita­maanguliraangat unnukkut atgangin­ni Zack Kunu, Marcel Mason, ammaJohn MacDonald tusarvikput. Amiga­uplutik tingmisuup qaaksanganik illai­jutiksamiglu, pitqusiq John qaujijauti­taa qajaliurusiuliqtumut Canada-upukiuqtaqtungani. Josepi Padlo qajaliu­laurivuq inminik, qijungnik saattunikatuq&uni saningajunut. Malik&uniUyaraasuk sanajjusianik, mikijuqTununirmiutitut ittuq 5 miitanik takini­qakasaktuq 60 sintamiitanik silingni­qaq&uni.

33

Following the efforts of Josepi Padloand George Auksaq at Igloolik, akayak-making course was organizedin the first part of 1986 under an adulteducation program with Uyaraasuk,originally of Agu 8ay, as teacher.During the winter, three frameworksslowly took shape on Thursday even­ings under the hands of Zack Kunu,Marcel Mason and John MacDonald,our source. They were covered withCeconite and fibreglass, the methodJohn introduced to the current build­ing of kayaks in the Canadian Arctic.Josepi Padlo built another kayak onhis own, using cut-out plywood cross­sections. This was based on Uya­raasuk's design, which is a smallTununirmiut type about 5 metres longby 60 centimetres wide.

Then, in August, Moses Nowkawalkarrived expecting to pick up a frame­work in Igloolik and take it to the IkpikBay summer student camp to demon­strate the Ceconite and fibreglasscovering method. To his dismay nospare framework awaited him, but oldPiugaqtuq took pity and helped Mosesbuild one.

In addition, at Igloolik, John Mac­Donald built a Greenland kayak in1985, and is helping George Auksaqmake one this year. Also, the oldNordkapp mold, brought by Englishkayak designer Frank Goodman in1979 to Frobisher Bay where sixcopies were turned out, has beentransported gratis by Nordair to Igloo­lik. There John and Rennie Wissinkhave repaired it with a lot of labour sothat Nordkapps may be produced inthe Canadian Arctic for northern useas Goodman wished. Unfortunately,as mentioned earlier, this design is nottruly Greenlandic.

It would be nice if each place couldrevive its own traditional kayak styleor if foreign designs are to be adaptedfrom Greenland, the Aleutians, orelsewhere, they were unadulterated.Who knows what will happen withkayaks and kayaking in the Inuitregions? They're coming back though.For the sake of the symbolic image,let us hope that there will be manyInuit kayaks swishing through thedeep blue Arctic waters once more.

34

Paulo Kasudluak Jr. testing afinished kayak. At Kikturiaqtuuq.

<~J ~"J~~ ~b~~ ~'J~~J~A~.,.' (L...r' P'JI\.~~j'r.

Paulo Kasudluak nukaq&iq uuktu­raqtuq pianiksimajumik Kiktu­riaqtuurmi.

<lLL. t>'Jnr. j(( ..t>b?<l nP'>~AO"'"<1C;,Jf<JO"'" <1<Jrr. al.Jr'r c

A·A·A~'~?n7·,r.,.· ct>J·n'(· ... ­n·,r.,.· <lr~~~'r' n'rl< ,.,~­

.. ' A 'c..A...n' ,~,J. 'd<l~.;..nct»~<l<Jr' t>C~~7t>'~·..r. P~<l~

t>J~~t>< At>C'j< .. 'rrr~rt>·Ab"'~< , .."nr<-,J <lct>('r',

<lLW<Ct>~. AL-'r'r. John Mac­Donald <ld P' J' rt>nJ' "7rl>,-t>n.>~

1985-r. Ab"'~-,.,.-, ...<l' <ll>',r't>Pt>~ , ..n'-,J. <lLL. Nordkapp­nJ' , ...... ' ... "1-t>c..t>~J~ FrankGordon-r' 1979-r .o.,,-,'~'

<1"~rO"'· <J'iAa-r\fTlo ~Q."~Ct><..JO"'".

<l'71-t»~ <lP"'~'-,J Nordair­'d"O"'( .6.1...>r'\..J C • C6.bo- John-..)Rennie Wissink--, <i~'p. ;"<. '''7­l><" ..'d<-,J Nordkapp t>Pt>~C~J~~

t>pl>"c'Jr <lJC"l>J~ A'dc..t>CJ'Goodman. a: L LO"'" \\or ( bJ<1'i\n'" -lJ .t>"t>~l>c..t>"JJ'. (L .. '~'<'~"<ldP'J'rl>nJLLI\.' A'~'J",

Al>a.7 'ilo>'" <:1~'iQ. ,\('«( .DQ..c-t>L.6.c.~An'~ ... ' .."<C "7rl>?~J~'r'~'

<l~<l~''i.''J'-, , .. '<,r" <lJ"J<l1-t>~­

<l~<C <ldP'Jr'. <lrt>'r'. <I~~'­

~'~';'. <l~~.,.' <ld'(At>'~'<C,

P.. "t>~L< " ..~ A.,.<l'L'i.C "7.0.'<lLL "7~J'~~ ~A' <lA'J"~L~­

~.~? t>nr~j1-JA'. <ll>c..~..~J·,r'.Ab"'~JAC <lr;~' A~A' "7~'~'

l>Pl>~c~j< J'J"-,~ An<,~ AL~

.6.L" lc;loJ" ?a:r" b Lcr'idJJ .

Amma, August-mi, Moses Nowka­walk tikitpuq piniarasugipluni avalu­mik iglulingmit Ikpik-piimungngaruti­jaksaminik tautuktitsijjutiksaminikamiqsinirmik tingmisuup qaaksanga­nut illaijutiksamullu. Quaqsaaqtitau­vuq avalumik utaqqijaungnginmat,kisiani utuqqaup Piugaqtuq nagligi­liramiuk ikajuqpaa sanaqatigipluguatausirmik.

Ammaluptauq, iglulingmi, John Mac­Donald akukitturmiutitut qajaliulauri­vuq 1985-mi, ikajuq&unilu GeorgeAuksaq-mik ukiuq sanatillugu. Amma,Nordkapp-titut sanajjut, naksagaulau­qtuq Frank Gordon-mit 1979-miiqalungnut ajjigiinik arvinilingnik sanaj­jutaupluni, agjagauvuq akiqangngit­&ugu Nordair-kkunnit iglulingmut.Taikani John-Iu Rennie Wissink-Iuaaqqiksuqpaak sanajaujungnaqupluguNordkapp ukiuqtaqtungani ukiuqtat­tumi atugaksauluni piqulaugaatutGoodman. Naammaaningngitkaluaq­tillugu, uqausiulauqtutut, taamnasanajjusiq akukitturmiutitummarikingngittuq.

Piunajaqpuq ajurnangngippat nunali­umait, nuititsijungnaqpata qajaliurusi­tuqarmingnik asianingngaaqtullusanajjusiit atuqtuagauniaqpata akukit­tum it, aliutmit, asinginnilluunniit, asi­nganik akutsiviungngitpata. Kina qau­jimava qanuq piniarmangaataa qajaitamma qajaqturniq Inuit aviktuqsima­ninganni? Utiliqtuugaluit. Aulajinaq­tuksamik, ikajuqtuita amisunik Inuitqajanginnik ukiuqtaqtuup tunguq&uniitijuq imanga imakkuuqtuqarunaalik­kanniqulugu.

Tununirmiut kayaks stored atMitimatalik (Pond Inletl. 1985.

J.Dcr"rt>( "ba,."l.( J('id'i.. t"L~'i·r'~LCr'r 1985-~n·JJ.

Tununirmiut qajangat tutquq­simajuq mitsimatalingmi 1985­ngutillugu.

,

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Ajjiliugaujut Basil Kiblakootmit,Kelly Curwinmillu

InuitSilarjualimaamiKatimarjuarningat

•fJ..lJfJ. c ~ c.. Cj ~4c-Lr

bnL Cj ~4 Cj cr\L C

Photographs by Basil Kiblakoot andKelly Curwin

4·~.~L~~' A~ ~<~~Lr'Pr d"iA, ..r ... ...)

ICC 1986: Imagesof an AlaskanVillage

.\ '\ .\ I I J \11 I I H I J. II c III If I I I 'd

he 1/"111 ,.\ ... IIII If'lln III \ 1.1 II If 1\1'11 \1

In July, more than 600 peoplefrom Canada, Greenland andAlaska gathered in the tinycoastal village of Kotzebue, on apeninsula at the extreme north­western edge of the North Ameri­can continent. The people hadcome for the fourth GeneralAssembly of the Inuit CircumpolarConference.

The General Assembly focusedmainly on the development of an"Arctic Policy" on environmental,political, economic, social andcultural issues important to theInuit of the circumpolar region.But the week-long meeting alsogave those who attended anopportunity to get to know eachother's culture, lifestyle, languageand music.

The next General Assembly, in19B9, will be held in Greenland.

~~d', 600 ~~C~ d~d' b~C­

,', 4dP'~" 4~'b'·~ bn~­f>"'> ( 1''71 ..Da..r'i"c...°.-J' ';'11\­l>..J'. 4';;>\...1' ba.. \Q..LLt.'l.o- <1r­l>~bl>< bQ.\Q..\{.~. ~..D~C %~,-­

~~~, bnL~~~~~n' (CL~'~'

d~d' (~·~4.L, bnL'~4'~­'{, .....D C •

bnL~~ Ar,,-4~4'k~">" ,j"vlf­<J'itT'ir~ "f>pp.",cr;':Ji LrL.rn..­~",,, 4<n,~c~'. ~<Lr,,-­

tT'ir', Pa..t>'7rt>'iq-'ir·. ~;%n­f\o-'if' I\(Ylrfl..~~r'~ Ar~4­

~~~~. ~;Lr~·~~~q~· ~~\~,

~Q. ·"4rL;-. P(4~ A~;4?(~ 'C,bnL~~ q~~~?\~~n'I~~~~~

bnL?~~~~~' ~~~~~~L~n'

4(,' I\~'d(~~'. d;(~~·.

~~?(~~. nCJ(~~'~.

bnL~' ~~~Lr~~~,

4dP'~f';L~~~.

Julaimi, 600 ungataani inuit kana­tamit, akukittumit alaaskamiJlukatilauqput sigjami nunaliralaamutkaatsipiumut, nuvungmut ka­nangnammaringani amiurikaupkanangnangani. Inuit qailauqtutkatimajaqtuq&utik sitamangannikInuit silarjualimaami katimarjuar­ningannut.

Katimaniq piJirialuaqalauqpuqaaqqiigiarnirmik "ukiuqtaqtumimaJigaJirinikmik" avatimiutanut,gavamalirinirmik, kiinaujaliurnir­mik, inuuqatigiingnirmik pitqusiJi­rinirmiglu piJiriaqaqtunik isumagi­jaksarjuanik inungnut nunarjua­limaami. Kisiani pinasuarusiJuk­taami katimaniq ajurnarungniiqtit­siJaurivuq katimajaqtuqtunut qau­jiturauJlutik asimik piqqusinganik,inuusinganik, uqarusinganik tita­gusinganiglu.

Kingullirmik katimaniksaujumaa­liqtuq, 1989-mi, akukittumiitsu­maaqtuq.

35

36

iii embe s Jf ,e uS t,on t::.Honour Guard took part in 'eGeneral Assembly openingceremonies on July 29.

dc...r 71>'"'" US NationalHonou· G' ard -.D (

d,Yl>n c c... ~>, b0L~I><

1>' d d "c.I>.. 'I.~ ,""c...d 29 r.

"agijauJut US Nation I Ho"ourGuard nut ilangiutiqataulaLqp...katimaniup ukkuiqtauningamJulai 29-ml.

The ICC Assembly was held l>in the gymnasium of ·heKotzebue High SchoOl w"icis knowr to local people asthe "Home of the Fight r!lHuskies, •

d~d' 'c...',",,4~Lr bnL',",,­4'~'I.' bnL\.I>c...I>">''pn' I-'I.~ b" Al>r 4Y,"" 'd~'~4' I-'L... 'bl>i>L\.I>,",,"A~("'"\rt>-l)( "l>o..c'n c 'fLr C4Y'~'I.~' ."

Inuit silarjuallmaami kaf'l­marjuarningat katimaj ulaLCjpuCj Cjitigvingani kaatsiriumiangijut i1inniarvingan: qaujimajaujuq nunalingwlUnut, mataQtit qimmit anglranganik .•

t::.Rhoda nUksuk president of Inu,t Tap,nsat of C; ola.aridresses delegw'es to the ICC Elders Conference.Northern Quebec delegate Daisy Watt the r'9 tlco,chaired the meet'ng with Thomas Brower ofAlaska (left).

~c A~·~·. A,LCl>~' A~A( CA~'\'d~~vbo.cr I>'b">" bnL\."::>"'L,",,~' d~d

bnL',",,4'~'l'''' d~::>'bY·~'. d<d' C'~'l~'

br'L""::>",L,<," n, <, (C~"A'n d',<:I>C'~'. ,1>"'" bnL~'r (L <~I»~' 4~'br'I I>r' r

Rhoda I Ol ksuk i r-at Ijuq 'n it tap"iiksakkunginr.natarri. uqaCjp~Cj kat,m CjtuCjsimaJunut inUlt

KatirarjuaC1' gannut i 1 tuqanginnut. Kupait tarrang .tl<atimajaCjt...qs,,.,ajuq DaiSY W tt ItaliCjpingmi) iksivalotanT tugliulauqtuc, katim ""mi T~omas Browe mutalaask mit Isaumingmi

L· ega es to he GeneralAssembly attend the plenarysession Notice the portraitsCo' elders on the walls of'he school gymnasium.

bnL.,..::>.::> ( bn.,,· c·nc.­r'l..., ( bn'bC.> (. • .~? ~ r'4~~\(,"v' A~::>~Ji.( ~nL"~<

"cr C;O cr •

Katimajaqtuqtut katiluktaaq­titauninganut katiqatauvut.Ujjirusugit ajjinginnik inutuqaitqitigviup saniraani.

Cultural activities are a popular partof the ICC assemblies. People fromc'3ch circumpolar country presents evening of entertainment. OnAlaska night these drum dancersfr Jm Point Hope performed.

A~d{~r'vr~~c ~~~L~~J~L­

~.>c A~A( IL~~4rLrc

bnL,,<;r.:>n\(' .. cr c • Ji.,S)/1C <:1,,"::>""-fL~~nr\r.L Cd·~·n(f~(.

<l,">b.< .·..,rr'LJ. C<d<lPc.. '.,..n ' Point Hope - r Hi.:) (r c..t>c;,,> ( .

p.qqusirmingniliriniit urnigaullun·uqput inuit silarjualimaamit

Kdt majaqtutinginmt Inuit aviktu­qs,majuqutimingniuma takunnaqtit­sijut. Alaaskaup unnugilirmagu.ta,. 'kua qilaujjaqtiit Point Hope­"ingngaatut mumilauqput.

37

38

Above: These throat singersfrom Northern Quebec werea big hit with the audience.Right: Other Canadianperformers with a somewhatmore modern sound werepopular, too.

'idc.:cr: C< d <1 'iP<I <j <<;r.n (d<A' C'~'I.<r' 'dll<lro,.l>L­Ln.Lt><;"JC ct>::>r<1'i"J'i"r'­L~~(. Cr~A'r: <J'~(

b...crl> , Cl>::>'n'~­

"'illJ'i"'L""< t><-,rcrc<(... '0-­C"'n.~' 'dll<lro,.l><.l>'r~'Cl>".

Qulaani: Taapkua qiarvaaqtitkupait tarranganit quviagi­jaummarilauqtut tautugiaqtu­qsimajunit. Taliqpingmi:Asingit kanatamiut tautuktit­sijaqtuqsimajut uplumini­taplangnilirijut quviagijau­laurmijuttauq.

~ocal artists sold crafts, like these.,asks made fr('", caribou hide andwolf fur to visitors during the'IIorthwest Alaska AnnlJal Trade

ai, This fair was held in Kotzebuethe same week as the ICCAssembly

DQ.("'"~rt>CA( "'Ia..\\J<I""n c

vl>l\<JIIo""bc.J>"">( "a..t>L 'ir'O'" " .~·jnr~J ~~«6c ~~f-I~C ~.~< <lr~O"'( <lL~~<J

~r~~c. J~'r~fL~~c ~~~b~<vPt>CLc ct>~/'icr~~c. CL'a..C~ 'i'~'" bCfA~r ~C~c­('l'bC~,-~">'" A~~~? f 'r6~6 c f '- • ~~c-Lr bnL'-~<1 0; cr\l. '0-.

Nunalingmiutait sanangnguaqtitnluviaksaqalauqput sanau·

armingnik, uuktuutigilugu kiinap­C3lt .:»anasimajut tuktup aminganit

lmaqquplu aminganit, tujuriuslmajunut alaaskaup ukiutamaat

a C. ~Iirninganut. Tamanna tauqsiir·iq kaatsipiumi atautsikkuuilt lulauqpuq pinasuarusirmi inuit .

silarjualimaami lrntimarjuarningannlo

Kotzebue is mainly a fishing community.Above: A whole family of fisherpersonsheads out to Kotzebue Sound to net arcticsalmon Below: Salmon drying on a rack.

herAt> .DQ.c-t>~"" A"bJ"r'I>.;"n<c...A"o...-t><Jf'l". 'dc..:cr: Ac..r.J"C C ACibJ" 'I>o;"n c<:It>~L (lO;'>C betAI> "'Il>"JcA ) .. ,., l>n..<1~,.>n". 4Ca-: fa. ,\...)..6, C

<0'" .. " J q•

Kaatsipiu nunaliujuq iqaluksiuqt,plainnauplutik.Oulaanl: lIagiiluktaat iqaluksiuqtit aullaqtiqputkaatsipiu saunmut iqaluksiuriaq&utik Ataani.Iqaluit paniqsiqtuq

39

A Visit toKotzebue, Alaskaand the ICCGeneral Assembly

TujurmiuniqKotzebue,Alaska-mutamma InuitSilarjualimaamiKatimaningannut

by Basil Kiblakoot

Kotzebue is a town about 35 milesnorth of the Arctic Circle in Alaska.There are about 2,900 people livingthere. In Kotzebue, you will find themost northerly Dairy Queen in theworld, the most northerly Orientalrestaurant (called "The Arctic Dra­gon") and a Ponderosa Steak House.

You will also find a couple of muse­ums. One is in the office buildingon Third Street where they have acollection of stuffed animals fromAlaska. The other is on Second Streetwhere they keep a collection of arti­facts from their past. Kotzebue hasschools, stores, a powerhouse, eightchurches, apartment buildings andoffices.

In some ways it is the same as anyarctic community. This made me feelat home when we landed. The peoplestop and say "Hi" to a stranger who

40

b(tA~ ~~r~~~ t~~~< Cr(C\~~­

.,.'l.C 35 Lt.ro--' bOo '0.'1.0--' l>'L('n­r<J<T' <k>b <1l\ft)'ift r"Lo-\(.,a- . .6..o\f2,900-.,.' ~rinrb~')'. bC(Al>r.Q.<r .... ~\Q..'i·t>n( Dairy Queen-r"bQ.\Q.~<""·:J~cr·. <1 L L b~\Q.~<""·­

:J~cr· ~<~ .... ( <r~<l\~<r·-4nr\r·

"The Arctic Dragon" _~LL Pon­derosa Steak House-r'.

o..,.(-.!'o.n.:>n C L' jl\.,.' Ndn)'bl>(­l\ \0"' ... <3C[>('<;· nne; 'i/\t>< ..6.c...'La=C:J'iloThird Street-r t..,.ro,.l>-.!" .,.'-.!n"J­~.,.C ~~'brl>C.,.'. A'bC SecondStreet-r AC"")'r A"dn)""o--'r c.,.'(:>"Jr'r'. bC(Al> t.rL.,.~''''C­"ib'ift)'ift, 0"'[>1\<;,,'. t>ftbc-t>?c. A'L,J­0"'. <J'il\<r~c ) .....<3<;"< <3'~r\\fC)(.

..6.LJ'i~..6.C ~r~( <J)~~4L.~( <JLLnn~ 'tic.

t.L'LJC l>pl>"C")r ~Q.r'n)r~"

t. C)". Ct.L )''l.nnrLl>''<~ rc­a.. «. d.oA ( .Dc"'ift.)n" "H<1..6.c...<"-

Basil Kiblakoot piliriarijanga

Kotzebue nunaliujuq siqiniup tal it­tangnginningata 35 mailinik kanang­nanganit ungasiktigipluni Alaska avik­tuqsimaningani. Inungi 2.900-nikamisuutigikasaktut. Kotzebue-mi,nanisijungnaqputit Dairy Queen-mikkanangnaqpasiktuqtamik, ammakanangnaqpasiktuqtamik jaapaniisitnirivvinganik-atiiingmik "The ArcticDragon-amma Ponderosa SteakHouse-mik.

Nanisijungnarivutit marruungnik piqu­tituqausivingnik. Atausiq titirarviupiianganiittuq Third Street-mi inigijau­juq nirjutingnguanik alaaskamiutanik.Piqataa Second Street-mi pitaqaqturlipiqutituqavininginnik sivulmulirmik.Kotzebue ilinniarviktaqaqtuq. niuvir­viit, ukkaaliurut, pingasunik arviniliittuksiarviit ajjigiingngittut, iglurjuitquliriit atuqtuagaksat amma titirarviit.

lIangagut ukiuqtaqtumi nunaliktitu-

has just arrived in town and ask whohe is. The people there get some oftheir food such as fish, seal and goodold tuktu from the land. They are con­cerned about their environment, pro­tection of their wildlife, and drug andalcohol abuse as well as the increas­ing suicide rate.

There were some things that I foundvery surprising. Most of the peoplethere, from the very young to the oldpeople, speak a lot of English. It ismainly the old people that speak theirnative language. They have neverused syllabics. They used to write bydrawing little pictures before theystarted using the English alphabet.Another thing is that some people say"dark meat" or "red meat" whenthey are referring to seal and reindeermeat.

The way they keep their boats is dif­ferent too. They keep them in theWater day and night facing away from

The village faces the shore ofKotzebue Sound and, beyond, theChukchi Sea which lies betweennorthern Alaska and Siberia.Fishing is a major activity.

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Nunalik saangngajuq kaatsipiusaunmut. ungataani, saksiiptariunga akunningani alaaskaupsaipiurijauplu. Iqalliarnilirilluaqtut.

:J'" Cd<..l>"'tL''f'Cr'.D' np("'~.D'<JLL <3An.<Jn. Pa..t>\L'l.c. A.sJb. CCAber CT~I\CT· A~...)\CT·. a..(r'''cr·<:JLwcr"J\'f ::>·::>1· A<fIo::>' .QQ.r'cn.l>r·~, ~~~n%"':J' <l<nrl>cn.­71\0-·, CTo;~· r<JCT~r'CTo;r·. >J­<]«(70-· 4~~o;Q..~::>CT· Ar<JJ\rLJ<IJJ<!'i CT 'iir" ALl><ibCt:><JlT A"'r\cr".6..D<:]""C c; CTt> <lr,J '\ \J'i"< .. r<1cr'L .

miaq ittuq. Taima tungngasugutigila­uqpara minnapta. Inuit nutqaq&utik"Hailavaktut" takulauqsimangngita­mingnut tikilisaanut amma apiriplutikkinaungmangaat. Inuit taikani niqi­mingnik iqalungnik, natsirnik amma­lunirlungngi tuktumik pivaktut nuna­mit tariumillu. Isumaaluutiqaqtut ava­timiutarijamingnik, nirjutinik mianiq­sinirmik, puluatsijanik aangajaarnaq­tunik imialungmiglu atuluarnirmik ilau­qataupluni inmingnik inuaqtarniq ami­sungnguqpallianinga.

lIanginnik nanngarijamnik taikanitakulauqpunga. Taikani kituluktaaka­sait makkuktunit pigiaq&ugu inutu­qarnut tikit&ugu, qaplunaatut uq­qariktut. Inutuqait kisimikasak uqausi­tuqamingnik atujujut: Oaniujaaqpainik(inuktitut titiqqanik) atuq&utik titira­jujuulaungngittut. Titiraqpalauqtutajjingnguagajaaliuq&utik qaplunaattitiqqaqutinginnik atuliqqaaratik. Am­maluptau ilangit uqaqpangmata "niqiqirniqtuq" uvvaluuvva "niqi aupaluk­tuq" uqausiqaraangamik natsirmiktuktumiglu.

Oajariaqausingat aJjI)lgmgngimmaar­mijangat. Upluluktaaq unnualuktaaqimarmiitsuqtut sammut saanngaplu­tik, kivallirmiutituungngittuq qajaria­mingnik amusiqattaajujutut.

Ouviagijuqtaulaugara taima ungava­nut takujuullualirama napaaqtumik ig­lurjuarjuarmilluuvva takunasugagatalitaungngit&uni.Ouviasulaurivunganutqairatamiaqtuulluarnarmat apqum­mi apirilunilu: "kinaugaluaqpit?"Taima piugilualaungngitarali kiinau­jangi tamarmik ajjigiingngittut taq­sangi ajjigiiluktaarmata amma ma­quinnakasangmat taikaniitilluta.

Alaska-miut mumiqtit ajungngimma­riktut annuraaqtutsiaqsimaplutigluamma atiqaqtiumaplugit mumirusiri­jatik uuktuutigilugu tulugaq, natsiq­siurniq, amaruq, inutuqait ammaiqaluksiurniq. Tukisialaungngitatkapisingi mumirusirmingnut uqarusivutajjigiingnginmata, kisiani tusarniqtut.lIitaqsittalauqpunga ilanginnik nalian­nik mumirmangaataa uaningitigutmumiqtiujut. lIangit mumiqtiujutukiungi qaangiisimangngittuuqquutarvinilingnik pingasunik arvinilingnig­luuvva. Mumiqataujungnaqtut ilangin­nik innaqtitut mumijutigijut angumma­tijungnaq&utiglu innaujunik. Isumaju­nga mumiqtitik ukiukittummariutillugit

41

the shore, not like the people in theKeewatin who always pull their boatsonto shore.

What I really liked the most was beingable to see far away, without havingsome tree or tall building blocking myview as they do in Ottawa where Inow live. I liked being able to stopsomeone on the road and chat withthem and ask: "What's your nameanyway?" What I didn't like was thatall the denominations of their dollarswere the same colour and that it wasraining most of the time we werethere.

The Alaskan drum dancers were verygood and they had very nice cos­tumes and names for all the differentdances such as Raven Dance, SealHunt, Wolf Dance, Elders Dance, andFishing Dance. I couldn't understandtheir songs for the dances because ofthe difference in dialects, but theyhad a very nice beat. I was also ableto tell what some of the dances wereby the actions of the dancers. Therewere some dancers there who couldnot have been more than six or eightyears old. They were able to do someof the dances just as well as adultsand keep pace with them too. I thinkthey must start training their dancersat a very early age-something thatI have never seen done in the Kee­watin.

I learned from the Inuit CircumpolarConference General Assembly that itis good to have a universal languagethat we can all fall back on whenthere are some differences in theInuktitut dialects that we speak. Ialso learned that we, the Inuit in theKeewatin, are not the only Inuit try­ing to protect our ianguage, culture,environment and wildlife from all thedevelopment that is happening toofast in the Arctic. There are the samebasic problems and concerns all overthe North.

I think that the ICC would be able tohelp Canadian Inuit in their dealingswith the United Nations if they canstart talking more about the problemsand concerns that they share with theInuit from the other regions. Thenthey would be able to say: "Look,this is happening not only in Alaska orCanada or Greenland. It is happeningall over the Arctic. There is a realproblem here. We have to do some­thing about it."

42

A,-\('''O'''· Q. .. "l.n.... Lo",. C.6.ba- Cdc-­t>..>'l.. cab.. PJ->'Cb~a' L'd ,­J .. ' Ar~"->J ~J%'~' np'->J.%<->~J' t>"%~'J'. a~J%a' p(r­b~' t>%t>(J%r' .. ' ~J~~'. %..t>­";"<a.. ' (~'nJ' m"%.. ') <D"->­n' m~~~~t>'~'J'. m~"<Lt>"J'<1"'r-\\J<1La;c-[>'i"..>('lft 'ib<Jc:.. c nn'ift'ib-~n~'''' ~Jr"~~n'. ~'L-><Ct>a~~' t>%"<'LC " ..'f' '1" ....J .."t>«~« " ..'1' ~t><->'J"" t>%t>(%~'­

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~« Cdo..lcc CrCt>'~c->... ~"~I­~t>~~'l. ~'%a~cr~.. jL-><I'o..'Lc<J<'idLr <1An..JCf"J: "Po..l>L...J<1"I\C?"caL At>r->~~t>'~C~r Po..t>.,.~ CL'­r' ~'""r'~'Jc C"~~ ~'""r->'c'­LC ~'L L~a·o..b~'L' cabdn"->c.

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~'~<"J'(~"(L<->n'-> ~'L ~n%"­nt>L<->r' ...Jr?(~7n· ~'jnr-,J J->­l'ift, Q..(r''i''(t>'i0'''~. <lL?'i., .6..D)'ibAC~'L a%->' (t>' ..... JP(<lc...t>\~CCbA(~ ...Jr?('r'~' t>%?(~, <I'""r'­~·LC. p(~.. J~' .."Jc. drC"('­C~t>..>'l. a~~'''' o..r<l· .. • Jr'L'ict>~..~nJ' ...Jr"nt>~c. a~'f' c ...Jr"n­t>~' t>Pt>~ ~'i'(L'~'j"'Jc ~,,, .. ­,'0"''' A"l.;O'" " <1'i~crr\crL~~<. ~r­'ibCt>~\a..'i·)( /),,<"'\('''0''''' 6,"a.'i"nJc...Jr~nr~c ~~'Ln~'o.."->n·-> t.'o..t>­~.. '. aIL~'l. ...Jr"nn' t>Pt>P'J'L­n..t>n ... Jr ( Ar<l'ilon C <<;Io'id OJ L.,~n -Cdc...­t>"(L,~C~ P<L r ' r.

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a..""Jr" a..PJ"C'ilo [>"ib?\a..'i"JQ"" tu:>"nJct>%t>( ..>, ~'""rJ';<'l.c )p(J~­

t>L cr'" <l~c-"'Jcr. <ILL...> 6.r Ct'c.....t>n.­~'l.. a~'nJc P<"r'r. r<l.... ( .. -J"Jj\\(' .. Q.« [><ibt>r'<('l\(T"". 1\c;r.C;d-('<n'cr". <l<n<n\cr" cr'i~ncrLJ

A<"r~ ..t>~.. ' A~~->~"Jr' t>Pt>..C"­Jr. ~'""r'..'b"J" ~'" o..?Ct>~.. 'aIGn.. '-> t>Pt>"C"J-> 'cr.

aIL~'l. ab~'''%~7''~'Lc ~o..'''~r­Lr a~t.c bnL'~~'..'l.c Ar~~%' .. ­'l. ... ~o..'''~'r bnL""'~<I.. ' t>%t>(­%~~'b'''''<C ~~'o..?Ct>~ .. • dlL­~nr ...t>~crLJ A.D'rr <I"")'i"r'Lo-'i cr~(~'''' caL t>%?'o.. .. (o..7'LC"C"d'''. t>Q. A\\('cJ.... <1~"'brJALQ...

bo..cr·o.. ~dpcJr·o..'~«. <I'""r->'­Cc;·J'ir. l>Pt>c;"Cc;"JJ"cr. <ic;"'ifI\O'"Jr<1­"'br'i"C" ( . "

pig iaqtitpaqquurm ajjuk - taku lauqsi­mangngitara kivallirmi.

lIitsilauqpunga nunarjualimaami Inuitkatimarjuarninganit i&uarmat tukisia­jaujungnaqtumik nakiluktaaq uqa­rungnaqtuni inuktitut uqausiqput ajji­giigungniiraangat tukisituraunniq aju­liqtuni. Ammalu i1itsilaurivunga, inuk­tigut kivaJlirmi, mianiqsiniluktutuung­nginnapta uqausiptingnik, piqqusip­tingnik, avatiptingnik nirjutiniglupivallianiujunit pialaluaqtumit ukiuq­taqtumi. Ajjigiingniqaqtuq ajurnaruta­ujunik isumaaluutiniglu ukiuqtaqtuluk­taami.

Isumajunga ikajurniqarajaqquurmatnunarjualimaami Inuit katimarjuarni­ngat piliriaqarninganni nunarjuarmikatimajirjuanik uqausiqaqariakkanniq­pata ajurnarutaujunik isumaaluutigi­jaujuniglu inungni aviktuqsimanirniasinginni. Taima uqarungnaqsinajar­mata "takkuuk, una pingngittuqalaaskamituinna, kanatamiinna aku­kittumiinnarluuvva. Ajjigiiluktaaqtuqukiuqtaqtuluktaami. Aaqqingniluqia­qaliqtavut. "

The most northerly Dairy Queen inthe world.

ba. 'a.~<r' ":J""C"" Dairy Queen.Da."~4c;r.

Kanangnaqpasiktuqtaq Dairy Queennunarjuarmi.

by Ingo Hessel

Inuit Art

Inuit Sanaugangit

<l Mark Alikaswa, carverfrom Eskimo Point.

Cft <k-b,J<:I'ift

"0- \\.t<lc;"n4'''4r~c''.

Mark Alikaswasanangnguaqtiarviamiutaq.

Ingo Hessel piliriarijanga

Arts and Craftsin the Keewatin

Kivallirmiut Sanaugangit

I travelled to the Arctic for the firsttime in June and spent two wonder­ful weeks in the Keewatin. It wasfascinating to meet so many artists,to wander out on the land and toobserve the arts and crafts situationat the co-ops and craft shops.

My first stop was Churchill, Manitoba,where I visited the Eskimo Museum.This museum is the lifelong work ofBrother Jacques Volant who hasorganized and displayed a superb col­lection of Inuit art and archaeologicalartifacts together with other objectsand wildlife specimens which illus­trate the traditional Inuit lifestyle. Istrongly recommend to anyone whopasses through Churchill that theyspend some time in this museum.

I then travelled to Eskimo Point whereI spent one week. The Inuit CulturalInstitute there has not done muchresearch in the field of art so far, butis planning to set up a small museumin the future. It might be planned asa series of travelling exhibits on artand culture, which would make thecollection much more accessible tonortherners.

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Sivulliqpaammaringmik ukiuqtaqtulia­laursimagama kivallirmut taikaniil­&unga sanattailiingnik marruunginik.Quviagilualaurpara katiqariamik ami­suni sanangujaqtinik ammalu pisu­lurariamik nunainnamik ammalu qimir­ruariamik sanaugait miksaanut ili­nganniujunik kuapaujunilu sananguar­vingnilu.

Kuugjuaqkuuraama takujartulaurparaInuit takujaqturqaarngaat. IksirarjuaqJacques Volant inuusilimaamini katiq­suarisimajaminik aaqqiksurga&unigillutakujaqturviqarvigivaa Inuit sanauga­nginnik ammalu qangasarnitamma­ringnik sunakkutivinirnik asinginnikluatjigiingittunik uumajuviniralangnikInuit inuusirmingni atuqpaktatuqa­nginnik. Kinatuinnarmut kuugjuak­kuurniartumut takujaqtuiqujigajari­vunga takujarturvingmik Inuit sanau­garalanginnik.

Taikangallu arvianiilauriplunga sanat­tailimik atausirmik. Inummarilirijikkutsanaugait miksaanut suli qaujisarni­qarsimaluangimmata, kisianilu isuma­liursimagaluariplutik mikijumik taku­jarturviqaliriaksamingnut taikani. 1m­maqaa nunaliujunut uajartitaujumik

43

~

io

L_-=~:;;':;~="":"'_"":"''-~",-__:.::..l''-'-'-:'- ''::::~'-""",-='--''=---=':=:'::''::~_'-~_'':''''__''':':..::o_--.J~

The Eskimo Museum at Churchill.Manitoba. "a superb collectionof Inuit art and archaeologicalartifacts." Below: Interior ofthe museum.

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bn·~<le lJ.""lJ. e ~LI>L~

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Inuit piqutituqausivingat kuug­juarmi. .. aijiqangngittutpiujummariit katiqsuat inuitsanaugangi piqutituqaviniillu.··Ataani: lIua piqutituqausiviup.

44

The Sanavik Co-op at Baker Lake.This building also houses theMiqsurvik Sewing Centre.

"a.. -e~ .. d<l< "ibLa- 1 :><J"r.b-crr'?t>LL".:Jc;. rc;·,..c;f\\r c •

Sanavvik kuap qamani'tuarmi.Inigijaummaaqtuq miqsurvingmit.

The privately-owned craft shop inEskimo Point has cut down its art pur­chasing recently and the co-op onlyhandles stone sculputure as a smallsideline (it does not buy wallhangings,dolls or other kinds of work). Conse­quently, the arts and crafts situationthere is not too healthy. Most artistsreceive fairly low prices for their work,and many cannot afford to buy stone.There is not much discussion with theartists about their artistic imaginationor ideas.

There is much greater artistic activityin Baker Lake than in Eskimo Pointbecause the co-op deals exclusivelywith graphics and sculpture produc­tion. There are still problems such asthe supply of stone, its high cost, andthe prices paid to artists. The BakerLake prints program has had the con­stant support of advisors, but unfor­tunately the same cannot be said forsculpture, where the quality is quiteuneven. A separately-run sewingshop has had to temporarily stop buy­ing wall hangings because of over­supply.

The co-op in Rankin Inlet does nothandle arts and crafts. The NWTgovernment runs a craft shop whichproduces parkas and crafts, and sellswallhangings and a few carvings.Almost no-one in Rankin Inlet carves.There is a newly-formed artists asso­ciation which will attempt to obtain aregular stone supply and market theWorks of a few artists. Parka produc­tion is limited to special ordersbecause of low demand.

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l.~L~'b'b'CALQ.'LC ~'b~'~A~~'.

sanauganiklu iliqqusituqqaniklu taku­jarturviqarumaartut, ukiuqtaqtumiutkatiqsuanik takujartuqataugunnarni­qarvig ijungnatsiartanga nniktauq.

Namminirijaujuupluni sananguarvikarviani sanaugarnik niuviqattarniri­jarminik mik&igiaqtitsisaalaurmata,kuapaujut ujaqqanit sananguagarnikniuviqattaqtutuulirput (niuvirpangi­&utik nivingajulianiklu, nutaranguar­niklu asinginniklu sanaukkanikl. Tai­kani nunaliujumi sanaugait miksaanutilinganniujuq naammatsiangilaq. Ta­marmikasak sanaujartit akiliqtugaul­luaqattangimmata sanaukkamingnut,amisullu niuviriamik ujaqqanik ajur­saqattar&utik. Uqallaqatigijauluar­pangminatiklu sanaujaqtiit qanurlisananguarumavangmangaataa.

Anginiqsammaringmik sananguarala­qattarmata qamanittuarmiut arviar­miuniunganit pitjutigiplugu kuapakkut

45

Kangiq&inirmi kuapak piliriaqaqat­tangimmat sanaukkanik. Nunatsiapgavamakkungit aulatsijiungmata sa­nanguarvingmik niuviqattarmata am­malu niuprutiqaqattar&utik nivinga­juliavirniklu ammalu sananguarsima­junik ujaqqamit. Amisuuluangittutkangiq&inirmiut sananguaqattarmata.Nutaamik sanaujaqtit katutjiqatigii­nginnik matuiqsijuqasaalaurmat atain­naujartumik ujaqqanik sananguagak­saqainnalirasuarniartunik niuprutiqa­qattarniar&utik ilangitta sananguartitsanauganginnik. Japaliuqtitsiqattarniqkisiani tikisaisimajuqaliraangat pili­riarijauqattarniar&uni amisuuluangit­tut japaiiurutjaujumaqattarningit.

minguanguagaralangniklu sanangua­garniklu piliriaqaqattarmata, ujaqqanikajurnarlaqattarmijuugaluaq, akituluar­ninginnullu ammalu akiliutauqattarnir­nut sananguartinut i&uilutaqtaqaq­tuinnar&uni. Qamanittuarmiut min­guanguagaliuqattarningit atainnar­tumik ikajuqtugaunniqaqattainnar­mata uqautjuijinit, kisianilu mamia­naugaluaq taimanna uqausiqarungna­nginnapta sananguagait miksaanut,piujuuningit atjiujuunginmata. lIaak­kuuqtuupluni mirsurvik niuviqatta­rungniisimalaukangmat nivingajulianikpitjutigiplugu amisunguluarmata niu­viaksait nivingajuliaviniit.

l e Anowtalik of EskImo Point

Quviasungillarigutiqalaurpunga ujaq­qat sananguagaksait ajurnaluarningin­nut ammalu akituluaqtitauninginnut,akiliutauqattarnirnullu mikiluartumiksanaugarnut, ammalu sanaujartittusaumatituraulluanginniqarninginnutniuvirpaktunut. Tusariangilualaurip'lungalu atjigiingittunik sanaukkanikn iuv iqtauqatta ngill ari n9nira qtauju­nik. Ammaluptauq i&uigusulauralua­rivunga makkuktut sananguaqattaru­manginningannik. Amisuuniqsaitmakkuktut aksururnaluarasuging­naangmata sananguaqattariamik am­malu akiliqtauqattarnirmi mikiksa­luarnirar&utik.

..

b'f"c>O"'r d<l<' A,n.<l%'b'C'f"L'~ ..I>' bO"', .D'" (<l< L<:L' d'f C <ll>­~'(~I>'LC ~ ..'J<l'A 'r' ..I>A'b'­C'LC <l"L-> ..1><?n%%'C'jn' ..A­~~r4~~~·J 4 L LJ ~~~4~tL~~·

I>"'''br'. <lrlj<l'f')' b'f"C>O"'­rl>' ~ ..'J<l%'C'LC. .DCr' ~..I>­","n' b)'~%nr'f'O'" LJt."(~%­';~I>'L' <lCt.·..I>.,.')r' 1>"'''bO'''~~~4l·~~d~~r~~4~~4~J~· ~~<­

?n%%'c'O"<l'jn' t.~'f'C ~ ..~<l'n'~~~L~~~·. ~<r~~n(t'(C~~~

P(<l.. np~t.(L~%,'i·~c Ac-n.<ln."'I>­%'C' ..<l'j.. <lrlj<l'f C)' "'<,I>?'­"'I>~L%CC' 0"'1" •

P(<lO"j Lr<l..I>Lj<l" Ct.L·.. 1>%1>­(%?' ..'f·..<C ~..'J<lLt.' r'';.D'.AI>~O"'f' <l'~I>~·LC. t.~'J"j<jO"

r'('A' O"I>A%'C?';(L~l>b'L'O"A~~,<lO'" A'~nr<jJ <lr(~j<l'LC

O"I>A<l'~t.' O"A~~,<lA;',

I was quite upset by the lack of stoneand its costs, the low prices paid forarts and crafts, and the lack of artisticcommunication between buyers andartists. It was also alarming to hearthat so many different types of artsand crafts are not being purchased atall. Another thing that disturbed mewas the fact that young people don'tseem to be interested in producingart. Most felt that the work is too hardand the money is not good enough.

I have heard about plans for an Inuitartists association which would in­clude members from every Inuit com­munity. Such an organization woulddiscuss the problems which faceartists in the North and suggest pos­sible solutions. It could speak with astrong voice for all Inuit artists andcraftspeople and draw attention totheir needs and aspirations.

'5 J 4a..~CC"'· <t"A4"rt>(·I

"~",-'_'-_=..:L.;.o.-=-=_--"":..,,,,,-~~_~__-,:--= -=.=:-_-,j I~ e Anowtalik ArviarmiL taq.

46

Joy and Luke Hallauk at their campnear Eskimo Point.

~AJ ~~ H4L~~ ~A'~A\r

4'''4< 'b... r'7'L....Joylu Luke Hallauk tupiqarvingmiarviap qanigijangani.

47

This trip was very enlightening andalso was a lot of fun. Everyone wasextremely friendly and obliging andmade me feel right at home. I wouldlike to say "hello!" to all the peopleI met, and wish to particularly thankfor their hospitality Lucy Tutsweetok,Elizabeth and Andy Aulatjut, Maryand Luke Anowtelik, Joy and LukeHallauk, Anne and John Okkalik,Gabe Gely, the staff of lei in EskimoPoint, Margaret and John Narkyagikand Pamela Brooks in Baker Lake, andThomas Ugjuk and family in RankinInlet. I hope that I will have the oppor­tunity to visit again.

New Help forInuit Arts and Crafts?The federal and NWT governmentshave held discussions concerning apossible new Economic DevelopmentSub-agreement for arts and crafts.Both governments are aware thateven though sales have improvedrecently, they are still not at 1980-81levels. Overall quality seems to haveslipped, raw materials are in shortsupply, and business planning andmarketing are inadequate.

Programs that might be affected by orinitiated under such an agreementwould include:

• travelling arts advisors who wouldassist Inuit carvers, printmakers,seamstresses and craftspeople;

• workshops for Inuit artists in thenorth and the south;

• travel to the south to attend galleryopenings;

• the location and collection of rawmaterials such as stone at lowerprices to artists;

• improved quality cO'!trol of hand­made articles and ways to avoidover-supply of crafts;

• new labels and packages for artsand crafts, and more advertising;assistance to commercial art gal­leries in the south to mount exhi­bits of Inuit art;

• training of Inuit in managementskills, purchasing, marketing, fi­nance and administration.

If and when such an agreement issigned, and funds and programsbecome available, Inuktitut will pub­lish more complete details.

48

'dl\<l~'f'·c...n.Jn'bc...I>'>'l.I>,,"'b' ~...'J­4L·~8C 4~~~J4~~~~~( 4 L LJ<lPJ~<l"'nCI>~'f'·~'. <lP~I>CI>'b'-

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<lL~ <rc... >?" 'b~'J<l'r, <lL~C...J{ I>'~'~ 6c...'f'·~ b'f'~~~'r.

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L<LJ'b'd'~ <lL~ ~... ({<l'r L<L­I>~' 1>'b·c...I>{'b'b(C'~'bc...I>'LC~cr'

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?;'LC ~LL·{<·~'{Lr~~.J<l'n·­Jr ( crt>~ ?n~'ib(c";c. ,Jr Q.r~bl>­

~~'f'LLC ~1><?nl>...I>'b(CLI>'~'r~({'~I>c...I>'~'~( <l'~Jr 1980­81-r. !l1>~nl>'~'f" bC'{Lr'-,n'~!I'...{I>~r~ 6;Lrl>'b(C'~·~ ~I><?­

n'"'b~Cc"i; .. ...) a:LL\f ... ..>n •.

!I~n.<l'b'~( <l'JLI>~'b~"'J' 1><­<.,;.~( !lr<l"nCI>{L~' J'l.<l\'b'n­cl>~n' CLJ...J'l. <l'f'?nl>{L~J 6c...'b­~,,'LC I>d~'l.:

Tusalaurmigama inuit sanaujaqtitkatutjiqatigiigijangit isumaliursimani­qarningannik ilautitsiniqarumaar&utiktamainna inuit nunaligijanginnirmiu­nik. Katutjiqatigiingurtut uqallausiqa­qattarajarmata i&uilutaqutiujunik sa­naujaqtinut ukiuqtaqtumi ammaluqanuq aaqqigiarutiksaunajartuniki&uilutaujunut isumaksaqsiuqattar­lutik. Sangijumik nipiqaqtiujuujung­nalirajarmata inuit sanaujaqtilimaatpitjutigilugit takuksaruqtigiarniarlugitsanaujaqtiit pijariaqaqpagainniklu piju­mallariktainniklu.

Tukisivaallillualaurama quviagillari­laur&ugulu uajarnirilauqtara ukiuqtaq­tumut. Katitalimaakka inutsianguplu­tik tunganalaurmata. Tamarmiklu Ha­luurumavakka taipkua katilaurtakkaammalu qujannamiirumaluar&ugitLucy Tutsweetoklu, Elizabeth, AndyluAulatjut, Mary, Luke Anowteliklu,Joy. Luke Hallauk, Anne, John Okka­liklu, Gabe Gelylu, ammalu iqqanaijaq­tingit inummarilirijikkut. Margaretlu,John Narkyagikkut ammalu PamelaBrooks qamanittuarmi, ammaluThomas Ugjuklu ilanginlu kangiq&i­nirmi. Tujurmiukkannirumaarumaga­luarivunga sivunikmi.

Inuit Sanauganginnutikajurutiktataasaa­nguvaa?Gavamatuqakkunni ammalu nunat­siarmi gavamaujut uqallausiqaqattar­niqalaurmata nutaamik kiinaujaliura­suaqattarnilirijikkut angiqatigiiksimau­tigilirajaqtaksangannik pitjutigilugitsanaugait. Tamarmik gavamaujuujukutjirusungmata naammaksivaallirsi­malisaaraluartillugit niuvrutiqaqattar­niit, suli naliqqaujuulingimmata niuv­rutiuniuqattalaurnirmi qutsingniulaur­nirnut arraagumi 1980-81-mi. Piujuu­tiunningit kataksimalir&utiklu pisna­siujumilu isumaliuqattarniillu niuvru­tiqaqattarniillu naammangil&utik.

Piliriaqarniit aktugauniqarajartut uv­valuunniit pigiaqtitausimajut tungav­viqartitaulutik tamatumunga angiru­tiusimajumu ilaqarajarmata ukuninga:

• uajaqattar&utik sanaujaqtinutuqautjuijiunajartut ikajuriaqtuqat­tarajartut inungnik sananguartinik,minguanguaqtinik, miqsurtinikamma sananguaqtilirijikkunnik;

• katimatitauqattarniksanginnut inuitsanaujartit ukiuqtaqtumilu qaplu­naallu nunainni;

A Full Pot, stonecut by HelenKalvak (1901-1984) of HolmanIsland.

P' J t'. CC'yo. ~"'''''br

AL'~L~~~ H4L~ b~<·r(

(1901-r' 1984-.J'It>-..)c;.~C;loj iii rl>c~.

Utkusik tatattuq, ujaqqamipilaktugaujuq Helen Kalvakmit(1901-mit 1983-mut)uluqsaqtuurmiutaq.

Kalvak/EmerakMemorial PortfolioThe Holman Eskimo Co-operative willsoon be releasing a set of twelveprints based on pencil drawingsby the renowned artists Helen Kal­yak (1901-1984) and Mark Emerak11901-1983). This stunning collec­tion of stonecuts, stencils and litho­graphs was produced by Elsie Klen­genberg Anaginak, Harry Egotak,Mona Ohoveluk Kuneyuna, MabelNigiyok, Louis Nigiyok, Mary Okheenaand Peter Palvik. Stanley ElonakKlengenberg produced lithographicportraits of the two artists.

The project was co-ordinated byDavid Umholtz and Bernadette Dris­coll. Umholtz is ·the print advisorto the Holman Co-op, and Driscoll,formerly of the Winnipeg Art Gallery,is the curator of the Portfolio andwrote the accompanying text.

Funding was provided by the NWTDepartment of Economic Develop­ment and The Canada Council.

• ~~"'%'C'~n' ,~~.,."'~, ~%~C_

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l.,a..t>I:::r'in C l>Pl>'i'c"'JrJ 'ib<Ja: .. ..)J:Jo...6. ... a-;

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Cd"''''J'~%'~' ~'d6"'c~r~~~c;

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• A~~r~"~L<~~ A~~"'~' ~~~,­

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• uajaqattarniksaq qaplunaat nu­naannut takujaqtutviqarviit ukkuiq­taugiaraangata;

• naniinningillu katiqsuiqattarnirmilusanaugaksaqutinik suurlu ujaq­qanik akikinniqsauniartillugit sana­nguartinut;

• piusigiaqsimapluni piuniqsanikaulatsiqattarniq akgangmut sanau­gavinirnik ammalu ungatiluanganutpitaqaqtitsittailimaniujumik sa­naukkanik;

• nutaanik titiqqautiqarnirniklu puuk­saqutiqarnirniklu sanaukkanut,ammalu qugvarsigiakkannirutinik;ikajuqtiuqattarnirnut kiinautjaksap­lutik sanaukkanik takujarturviuju­nut qaplunaat nunainni takujaqtur­viqaqtitsiqattaquplugit Inuit sanau­gainnik;

• Inuit i1inniaqtitauqattarniksanginnutaulatsijiujuunirmik, niuviqattarnir­mik, niuvrutiqaqattarnirmik kiinau­jal irijiujuunirmik aulatsijiujuunir­miklu.

Angirutitaqalirniqpat kiinaujallu piliri­niillu ajurnarungniiqpata, inuktituuptitirausirikkannirumaaqpaa pianiluk­taatsiaqsimaniqsaulirlugu.

49

Taamna piliriaq aaqqiksuqtaulaurpuqDavid Umholtzmillu purnatik turis­taalmillu. UmHuulj minguanguagarnutuqautjuijiujuuvuq uluqsaqtuurmi kua­pakkunni, amma Driscoll, vinipiingmisanauganik takujaqturvingmi iqqanai­jalaurtuviniq, angajuqkaangujuuvuqkatiqsuanut titiralaur&unilu uqali­maagaliamik ilauqatautitausimajumikminguanguagarnut .

Qavvak/lmiraupluIqqaumajauniksangit

~b~<·/ArCjl><..)

A~. bl>La,.l>cr • ~ \r C

4~?nC~rO;~~« p~~~~...) Ar~~~J

~~'~?';~<C. A~'nj< nn~.t­~'b'~?C~< A~~~'CCt~~tL~~­

"l>r'i...)J.Q.~.1. ( np'" C;\L.C . .D"~"~.J(~~tL~- nn~.~-n< ~~~ C'Ar~.< (1901-r c 1983-.J C )

£>...>0;"" r.j'lrt>ct>< •

A lithograph, When the BearsCame Around, by Holman Islandartist Mark Emerak (1901 • 9831.

Uluqsaqtuumi Inuit kuapakkungitniuvrutiq aru ngnaria kautig inial irm ata12-ngujunik minguanguaganik tu­ngavviqaqtitausimajunik titiraummikatur&utik titiranguartavininginnutqaujimajautsiartuit sanaujaqtiik Hia­lin qavvauplu (1901-1904) ammaluMark Emerak (1901-1983). Taapkuapiujuutimmariit katiqsuat ujaqqamutsananguaqsimajuviniillu, minguangua­gaillu piliriarijaulaurput Elsie Klengen­berg Anaginakmillu, Harry Egotak­millu, Mona Ohoveluk Kuneyunamillu,Mabel Nigiyokmillu, Louis Nigiyok­

~ millu, Mary Okheenamit ammalu Peter.~ Palvikmit. Stanley Elonak Klengen­E berg minguanguagakkut atjinginnik.~ taapkuak sanaujartiik sanalaurpuq.~

'-------------------------------',

Nanu;t tik;tsaraangata, nuviqsaamut sanasimajuq titiraujaqtipsanajaa Mark Emerak (1901-mit1983-mutl uluqsaqtuurmiutaup

• ~~~~jr A~AC d~<'d'fC ~.'?­

n~?'~~~b.nr~~r'LC 12-~~~'

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'b~"'Lo,,~ct~')AC ~~~o,,~ri' HA~r'

~.<~<~ (1901-1984) ~LL.J CdtAr~.< (1901-1983), C'd~ A~~­

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Kiinaujaqutiqaqtitausimalaurput nu­natsiarmi kiinaujaliurasuaqattarnirmipivalliajulirijikkunnillu kanatamilukatimajirjuanit.

(La.. Ar~4~ ~'iIIoP·~'iIIoCt>L~C;>'iIIo P/\'I>LH~~r~J >O;o..n ft J~~c~r~J .• LHi>" r'J~'J~ c' ~ c .'b.C~A"'~-,.J,."" l>J'"'''C;ftj'ir d<J<"d "cr. <lLL)~ 'C'. ~~Ii'r ~~~c~' Cd 0,,-­

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~~~ bn~~~~c nn~c...~'~~~ ~~r­

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p~~o"r~~~~~(c'~'r A<'r~~r~­

""d'~'~ b~cr~ bnL""~~~c,

50

Ruth AnnaqtuusiTulurialik'5 Tour

by Deborah Evaluarjuk

• •?C 4 Cl.Q.~.)r'

)..)1\.4(""1><1>47 Ii cr\L

Ruth AnnaqtuusiTulurialiupUajarninga

Deborah Evaluarjuup piliriarijanga

Ruth greets a young visitor at theArt Gallery in Windsor. She isvery eager for children as well solder people in the south tounderstand more about the Inuitand their way of life. This issomething she always had in mindwhen she was preparing drawingsfor her new book Oikaaluktut·Images of Inuit Life.

?C bnr"(C~"J~" L"d "Jcr"Cd.,.":)":).,.' nn~~"'''tL'<'(

L<-n.\~.,.' "·I<lr. Ab'<''':)ALL­~"J~ ~C~·~cr" A~J'~cr~~cr~J

"b<Ja: c JJc:. .. v JPr'd<Jr c

A~\cr" A~(~"VLJ. CL"~A~L~"~~"<C ~~·~"~6LL~rnn~~.,. ~ 'r.,.' ~'bd':c-<l";r.D(~Pb·J·.Jc <1"r' A..D.t1'/i.s:I'l.cr C •

Ruth katisittaqtuq makkuktuniktakujaqtuqtunik titiraujaqsimajutgaalaringanik vinsuami. IkajuqtuiM­mariktuq nutaqqanik inutuqau­niqsaniglu qaplunaat nunaannitukisiquplugit inungnik inuusingan­OIglu. Tamanna isumagiinnaqpagaaaaqqiksuillarmi titiraujagarminikuqalimaaliasaaminut Oikaaluktut·Ajjit Inuit Inuus;nganit

5i

Marion Jackson, a specialist in Inuit art, introduced Ruth Annaqtuusi f>r------------------,Tulurialik to the people who attended the opening of the Baker Lakeartist's exhibition at the Art Gallery of Windsor (Ontario) last winter.

Marion Jackson. <;bt>r-L~LLtL" !i.,SJ/i.C "~'\\J41."f"cr~.

lu-Cn.....t>ncr',.c;. ?oC 4&.0..<;.::>' J..ln.4c-"r" P:JJ"C.Dc c;b.6.~.D(

~L~I~~'r ,~\~~n~'C C~~'n'(~~'~ '~\~~L' L~~~'~~'~~r (4'C~~r) ~p~~~~~~r.

Marion Jackson, qaujimajummarik inuit sanangnguaganginnik,ilitarijautitsivuq Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialingmik kituluktaanut qaijunutqamani'tuarmi sanangnguatingitta tautuktitsininginni sanangnguagatgaalaringanni vinsuami (aantariamil ukiungulauqtumi.

Ruth's husband Hugh is a well-known musician and songwriter in theKeewatin. He and Ruth sang songs in Inuktitut at the Windsor artexhibition.

?' ~.t.'L H.t.~ 'b~i"L'7~·->~,~~ nc 'n .t.L~~(....~~n-, p<:· .... 'r.?'-> .t.L~~~">' .t..o'n~' ~'~~r nn~~'7L' C~~\~~nc~n·->r'.

Ruth uinga Hugh qaujimajaulluriktuq titakti imngiusiliuqtilu kivallirmi.Ruthlu imngilauqpuk inuktitut vinsuami titiraujagat tautungnaqtitautillugit.

Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik is a well­known Baker Lake artist who is be­coming popular with art critics andbuyers alike. As her work becomesbetter known, her colourful drawingsare appearing in Canadian newspa­pers and magazines. Recently shetravelled around southern Canada toattend exhibitions of her work and topromote her new book Qikaaluktut:Images of Inuit Life. In the book, eachillustration is explained in English bywriter David Pelly.

Accompanied by her husband .Hugh,Annaqtuusi went to a special exhibi­tion of her art in Windsor, Ontario, lastwinter. They also attended receptionsto launch her book. At these recep­tions, Ruth and Hugh sang somesongs in Inuktitut while the latterplayed the guitar. They also visited

52

?' 4·~~j( ~->~4.... • 'bt>i"L~t>c r'­4 ..~ .. 'l>Lo-'~4'rt>C~ nn~t>'7"n

'l>t>i"L'7t>....Lr·~ ..~ .. nn~t>~L~· ~,­

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t>.t.ro-' A'I>nr'7t><->~ H.t.t>r'. 4'~"­

j( Ct>~Lt>~'J"I.t>c...t>">" Windsor,Ontario-J'. 4·~·~ .t.c...t>'bct>c...t>'r<,'t>'b..-Lr4'l. .o.t.r4'Lc. CL'd ..o- bn­cr'i cr • ?c.J H~~.J ~~~nJC ~L_

\f'c;~cc;·LLt>C;")" P\J '-(""". d P.. <.J" ­n'-JJ. LLn....D\'Lt>LLLt>c;·..Jn~J n)­?t. (r (Detroit). ~,'.~r (Toronto).p"c'r (Kingston) 4 LL <b<:r

Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik qaujima­jautsiaqtuq qamani'tuarmiutaq titirau­jaqti qaujimajaulimaginnaqtuq titirau­jaganik narrujinut niuviqtinullu. Pili­riangi qaujijaulimaginnarninginnut,taqsiqtutsiaqsimajut nuivakput kana­tami tusarutini uqalimaanilu. Uajaani­saalauqpuq kanataup kivataani i1au­jaqtuq&uni piliriami tautugauninginniqaujijautigiakkanniq&ugulu uqalimaa­liani nutaaq Qikaa/uktut: Ajjit InuupInuusingani. uqalimaami, titiraujagauqausiusimavut qaplunaatut titiraqa­taujumit tiivit pilimit.

Uiminit piqatigijaupluni Hughmit,Annaqtuusi tautugaunirmungngau­lauqpuq Windsor, Ontario-mut, alraanii1auqataulaurmijut uqalimaalianganuigiarmat. Tamatkunani katinirni,Ruthlu Hughlu inuktitut imngiqtaq­maalauqtuk kingulliq kukikpaluktil-

HA~-> ?' , ->t>1.(.....)\LO"''' Ac..r"riA' Ao- ~<J -<3... 'l>' 4·Cn.~<'1>..'1.... HA~

c;p Lr 'li ..... <3 ....:> ,'\,""><;".

Hughlu Ruthluuglalungmanik ilamikDavid Pellyuvaguanut kuuputaantariup qaningani,Hugh qimmirjuaqtun­ngaqpuq..

At the Art Gallery of Windsor,interpreter Sally Webster looks onas Ruth signs a visitor's catalog ofthe exhibition. As Ruth is notfluent in English, Sally helped herduring interviews with southernmedia people and guided heraround cities like Kingston, Torontoand Ottawa where Ruth waspromoting her book.

nn~~?~' C'-n.'I.· .. A·r-<3r.::>~~ ~o- A<'C c~::>'>" i'-<3no-t>"n"->J Cd?"::>"::>'4nrt>'i~'L'Q"'''. ic ~<~CLt>""L­L'iJ'Lc. ~rt>< Ab .........C~~-<3A"r~~n"->J ::>~?no-n.~ .. '<;bt>ra-LCt> < JCTJ .DQ.C'"" '" IT t> flo in-r ->r c P"C'. ::><i.::>. 4::><->~, ::>~~~n'(?"::>'Ar(L?A~'I>o-Lo--<3r .. , •

Titiraujagat gaalaringanni vinsuami,tusaaji Sally Webster tautukpuqRuth atiliuqtillugu takujaqtuqtutatiliurvingannik. Ruth qaplunaujam­marlungmat, Sallyup ikajuqtaqpaaapiqsugautillugu tusarutilirijinitqaujimatauplunilu nunalingniuuktuutigilugit kingstan, turaantu,aatuvaalu Ruth tusagautitsijaq­turvigisimajai uqalimaaliaminik.

When Hugh and Ruth visited thehome of their friend David Pellynear Cobourg, Ontario, Hugh had achance to ride a horse for thefirst time.

galleries in Detroit, Toronto, Kingstonand Ottawa where they entertainedand Ruth signed copies of her book.

The popular Inuk artist has appearedon "Taqravut," an Ottawa-basedradio program broadcast to the North.She has also been interviewed onsouthern radio and by various news­papers and magazines including Mac­lean's magazine. Since Ruth is notfluent in English, she was able to com­municate with the southern mediawith the help of Sally Webster, aBaker Lake native who is now livingin Ottawa. Sally guided Ruth andHugh around the cities and interpretedfor them.

(Ottawa) ct>::>'n'«->n' ?'-> <lno-­[>n.. .. cr .. ~Q'" [>"brLr<lrcr" .

'l>t>~L?t>"->n.'::>~ A... ' nn~t>?~n

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?c-.Jc Ht.t>-.J"-> ::>~~r?t><-> ..->.

lugu. Gaalarinungngaummaalauq&u­tiglu Tiituruitmi (Detroit), Turaantumi(Toronto), Kingstanmi (Kingston)amma Aatuvami (Ottawa) tautuktit­siplutik Ruthlu atiliuringnik&uni uqali­maaliaminik.

Qaujimajaulluriktuq inuk tlt"aujaqtinuilauqpuq "tarravumi" Aatuvamiit­tuq talavisalirijit takuksautitsivaktutukiuqtaqtumut. Apiqsugaummaalaur­mijuq qaplunaat nunaanni naalausiri­jinit tusarutilirijinillu ajjigiingngittu­nit uqalimaaliuqtinillu ilauplutiktauqMaclean's-kut uqalimaangi. RuthqapJunaujammarlungmat, tukisititsit­taqtuullualauqpuq qaplunaat nuna­nganni tusagaksalirijinik ikajugaupluniSally Webstermit, nunalituqaq qama­ni'tuarmiutaq aatuvamiutauliqtuq.Sally qaujimataulauqpuq RuthmutHughmullu tusaajigijauplunilu.

53

Oikaaluktut:Images of Inuit Life

by Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialikand David F. Pelly50 pages, hardcover, English(Introduction in Inuktitutby AnnaqtuusijToronto: Oxford UniversityPress, 1986

by Deborah Evaluarjuk

There have been many books writtenabout the North from a southern pointof view, but not very many from anortherner's perspective. However,Qikaaluktut: Images of Inuit Life, arecent publication, is one of thosefew. Annaqtuusi, an Inuk artist fromBaker Lake, talks directly to the readerabout her experiences and tells storiesof the Inuit through her colourfuldrawings and text. The title means"the sound of people passing by,perhaps outside your igloo, heard butnot seen."

Each vivid illustration tells a story andthough they are drawn simply withcolour pencil and resemble the worksof a child, their meanings are muchdeeper. Annaqtuusi, relying on herchildhood memories and the experi­ences of others, shows many images.Her pictures are full of daily activitiessuch as hunting, playing games andgiving birth. Shamans, missionaries,and policemen all appear in the draw­ings, and there are references tolegends. There are also sad images ofpeople dying of starvation-some­thing Annaqtuusi understands. She isQairnirmiut, Inuit who were hit hardby famine in the 1950s.

54

?C <l ....... j" j-,<l.-~<-,.n", C A.-<-, nne; l.'l.'50-cr' L'/\~~'. In",,' '6~'.'ib<..JQ.'j~':J' (o.->a./J.I;,t>n'

/J..D 'n;)' <1 0.."'51< m'i"C'f')

Toronto: Oxford UniversityPress, 1986

<l,,' I>'\,c-L' m~LI>(Lc-")' I>PI>"'­C"'J,' A'~~' '\,<~~, CI>JJ(~'­

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nn~I>'7"C,J' nn~"C'J°->. Ct.'7I>­O""'L JPr" "A.JJI::J. ( "'f'i\<Lr(J'i'<J"­J'. t.LL~ t.L~< (c...CJ'. J~"~I>~'

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<l0 .."j(l>< JP(<l";cr', "t.'cr"­I>C". t..Dt.' <l'JLI>°..J<lc...I>"J' b'-.,.'" 1950-' <lJ"n°..Jr'.

Oikaaluktut: AjjitInuup Inuusinganit

Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialikammalu David F. Pelly50-nik makpigaliil, sitijumik qaaliit,qaplunaatuuqtut (NalunaijautitInuktitut Annaqtuusi titiraqtangi)Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1986

Deborah Evaluarjuk piliriarijanga

Amisut uqalimaat titiragausimaliqputukiuqtaqtumik pitjutiliit qaplunaattautugusingittitut, kisiani amisuung­ngimmariktut ukiuqtaqturmiut tautu­gusingatut. Kisiani, qikaaluktut. AjjitInuit inuusinganik, titiragausaaqtuq,ilagijaujuq taipkununga amisuungngit­tunut. Annaqtuusi, inuk titiraujaqtiqamani'tuarmiutaq, uqausiqaqpuquqalimaaqtinut atuaniksimajaminikunipkaaq&unilu inungnik taqsiqtutsi­aqsimajamigut titiraujaqtamigut titi­raqtamigullu. Taijauninga tukilik "Inuitqaangiqpalliaqpaluktut, immaqaaiglup silataagut, tusaqsaujut kisianitakuksaungngittut. "

Tamarmik titiraujatsiaqsimajut unip­kaagaqaqput amma titiraujaqsimagin­nallarmik taqsalingnut titirautinutamma nutaqqap piliriarijuujaraluaq­tillunigit, tukingi itiniqsaujut. Annaq­tuusi, atuq&uni aulajijaminik nutarau­nirmini asimilu atuaniksimajanginnik,takunnaqtitsivuq amisunik ajjinik.Ajjiangi tatatput qautamaat piliriari­jauvaktunik uuktuutigilugu anguna­sungniq, qitingniq irninirlu. Angatkut,ukpirnilirijit, amma pukiqtaliit takun­naqput titiraujagainni, amrna pijaqam­maarmijuq unipkaaqtuanik. Ammaajjitaqaripluni nikallungannaqtunik

•CiPb..)·:Jc QIKAALUKTUTIMAGES OF INUIT LIFE

RUTH ANNAQTUUSI TULURIAUK & DAVID F. PELLY

The drawings are expressive and be­cause they are detailed like a comicbook, I feel that this is the kind ofbook that children would like. It wouldkeep their active, imaginative mindsoccupied because of the easy-to-readtext and because of the lively detailsof Inuit life, culture, traditions andlegends that Annaqtuusi wants herchildren and "people down south" tounderstand and know more about.

The only criticism I have of this bookis that the text that goes with eachillustration (usually a paragraph or twoand sometimes a whole pagel is notwritten in Inuktitut. But Annaqtuusithinks older readers will understandand recognize many things that to­day's young people will not. Butwriting the text in Inuktitut wouldhave been another good way to helppreserve the language in schools.It would have also captured Annaq­tuusi's colourful images about Inuitculture in a language understandableto the people she describes.

nn~t>7Lll. t>'bt>r''''"c...n. 'JC <i"'f" ~,,­r'L\LCJ br'r'nJ c • ll.~L~~ Cll.L·­~ll.cJc t>'b,Lc ~C"'bC ~~~r~7"­

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~ll.·~?"n?n·~J~~ ~<~~~ t>'b,­L'~c nm' r'L..'I' nn~t>7"r'L.!uc

It>'bt>r'~c L'?L~'< ll.~'''J LALJ'­~") nn~"r'L\'I'LLc ~'nJC. Pr'~..~.~"jr' ll.~L~" ~J"'ll.C JPr'..~~~­r<Jr c A~C~{Jn~J 4r;~\ ArC~­

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t>"'t>r"r' ll.,· ..~'~\r. ~LL nJr'­Q.7c.J>'iL' <I"a..C;lojtt>< <J"rr<]\('Lo-"cc;.. ~ (t'<h. )er lo A.l,< A(C;dr'<IO"'rn..~rr"

t>'bt>r"r' ~J'Jn' JPr'~7'1"'"

nmt>r'n.7'1'cC.

inungnik pirliqtunik annaqtuusiuptukisiajaanik. Qairnirmiutaq, Inuit ak­tugaullualauqtut kaangnirmit 1950-tatuqtillugit.

Titiraujagai uqausiqallariktut aaqqik­suqsimangmatalu kaamiksititut, isu­majunga taimannaittut uqalimaatnutaqqat quviaginajaqquurmagit. Su­jaksaqaqtinnajarmagu jsumangi nuq­qajuittut tautuqquuggujullu uqali­maaqsiriarninganut titiraqsimajupnalunaijatsiaqsimaningatalu inuupinuusingata, pitqusingata ammaunipkaaqtuat annaqtuusip tukisiqu­jangi nutararminut qaujimalugilluamma "qaplunaat nunaanniittunut".

Suinnaruqtirutiksatuara taapsumungauqalimaarmut titiraqsimaningi titirau­jaqsimajuumanut (uqausiliit marruug­muuvva ilaannilu mapigaluktaaq)titiraqsimangngimmat inuktitut. Kisi­ani annaqtuusi isumajuq inutuqaittukisin ia rasugiplugit ilitaqsilutigluamisunik ilitarijaulangngiliqtunikuplumi makkuktunit. Kisiani inuktituu­Iiqtirlugu titiraqsimaningit piujum­mariunajalauqtuq papatsigiarluniuqausirmik ilinniarvingmi. Ammatigusinajalaurmat annaqtuusiup ajjili­anginnik taqsatsiariktunik inuup pitqu­sianilirijunik uqausirmik aturlutiktukisiajanginnik titirausirijangitta.

55

•<ICC

Kajualuk: TheLife of FatherPierre Henry

by Charles Choque, OMI282 pages, saftcaver,French or English editionChurchill (Manitoba): Dioceseof Churchill/Hudson Bay, 1985.

by Roy Vontobel

In March 1971, aboard a small planedeparting from Chesterfield Inlet onthe Keewatin coast, Father PierreHenry (Kajualuk, the Red-BeardedOne) left the Arctic after a lifetime ofmissionary labours among the Inuit.He would make one more brief visitto Chesterfield in 1973, and to PellyBay for one last look at the missionhe founded in the land of the Net­silingmiut. He died in 1979 at theage of 74.

As an Oblate priest of Mary Immacu­late, Father Henry had spent manyyears in singleminded dedication tohis work, despite generally poorhealth and the hardships he sufferedfrom isolation, hunger and the intensecold. "There is no winter in heaven,"he often said. "There the love of Godwill flood everything."

Father Henry was a young man when,filled with apostolic zeal, he leftFrance in the early 1930s to come tothe Arctic. In this, he was not unlikemany other of his brethren-Euro­peans who, motivated by the mis­sionary spirit, gave up the comforts ofcommunity and home, and travelledto distant and alien lands to live.However, by any standard, FatherHenry's life was exceptional. Today,the missions at Pelly Bay, Spence Bayand Gjoa Haven owe much to thepioneering efforts of this devoted andcourageous man.

56

•b~~..J 6: A.Dr'4

AI> Ii H<I.DILI> <

Charles Choque, OMIA'IL<IlL';.'L.282 L'/lI-LJ', 'f':J':Ji' 'l.r',lin::>' %<~Q.)"'..J' ..~( •

d" '~<l"" (1.:..::><1: :)' t <l'"'\,d"'~<l</H<l'~'lir, 1985,

L'>i' 1971-r, n'rh";r 8P~<-,..6.~Jc-C'i""r<J'iIoJr P<'-,t>< (~l;:.'l.(T".

<lce A~' H<l.Dn. (b~<l-,', <l~<-,'­

J .. ' ~rr') <l~'~"">"" ~p~""e""Jr'

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c..t>t..rO""lo o...(r'r\rl>cr. )'idLt>~)'i·

1979-r ~P~'br""-,.. 74- .. '.

6..(~'i""<J~<J(T" rt>~ A<~'i~6.()J(.

<lCe A~' H<l.Dn. ~~e'~~~ .. Arn.<l­r(T"lo Arn.';><;.. <I"O"'<Jd>'i"<lo bJ<]'ilo.J(T"

Kajualuk:Inuusia AtaataPierre Henry-up

Charles Choque, OMIpiliriarijanga282 makpigait, qitututtumik qaaliit,viiviititut qapfunaatulluunniit.Kuugjuaq (Manitoba): Tuksiarvingakuugjuap/Hudson-piimi, 1985.

Roy Vontobel piliriarijanga

Maajji 1971-mi, tingmisuugajaamiikiupluni igluligaarjuliaqtumi kivalliupsigjangani, ataata Pierre Henry (Kajua­luk, aupaluktunik umilik) aullaqpuqukiuqtaqtumit inuusiluktaaminikukpirnilirilauq&uni inungni. Tujurmiu­laupillakkannirniarmijuq igluligaar­jungmut 1973-mi, arviligjuarmullukingulliqpaamik takujaqturluni tuksiar­viliulaugaminik natsilingmiuni. Tuqu­lauqtuq 1979-mi ukiuqaliq&uni74-nik.

Iksirarjuangupluni m'un 'PJurnaittu­mut, ataata Pierre Henry sangutak­saunani piliriaminik pilirivuq, anniala­uqpakkaluaq&uni aksururnaqtukkuu­lau,qpak&unilu tikitsiriitturmiinnirminit,kaanarnirmit ikkiirnarnirmillu. "Ukiu­qangngittuq qilangmi," uqarajukpuq."l'aikani guutiup naglingninga ulut­siniaqpuq sunaluktaanik."

Ataata Pierre Henry makkulauqtuq,tatat&uni ilinniaqtiunirmik, aullaramiFrance-mit 1930-t atulisaaqtillugitukiuqtaqtumuariaq&uni. Tatvani, ajji­ungngingilauqtuq i1aminit-irupiannit,pijumaliqtitauplutik ukpirnilirinirmit,qimaivut tungnganaqtumik nunaling­mik uvagumiglu aullaq&utik ungasik­tumut nunamullu allamut nunataa­riaqtuq&utik. Kisiani, pitqusiqtut,ataata Pierre Henry-up inuusia ajji­qalaungngittuq. Uplumi, tuksiarviitarviligjuarmi, talurjuarmi uqsuqtUU­milu akiittuqarvigilluaqpaat sivulliq­paujuq aksuruq&unilu taamna· angut.

The life of Father Henry is docu­mented in great detail in the bookKajua/uk by Charles Choque, alsoan Oblate missionary with 27 years'experience in the North and formerlyProvincial Superior of the Hudson BayOblate province. Although FatherChoque is still officially with theChurchill/Hudson Bay Diocese, helives today in Ottawa, mainly becauseof health reasons. There he has readyaccess to the Oblate Archives.

To be sure, Father Choque has writ­ten his book to inspire readers tohigher ideals. But as well, besidesdescribing Father Henry's adven­turous life as a pioneer missionary, itis a vivid chronicle of a portion ofOblate history in the North. In par­ticular, for the general public in theNorth as well as southern Canada, itgives a real-life view of the work ofthe northern missions. The book hasmany photographs from differentperiods of Father Henry's life.

Most of all, when you have finishedreading the book, you may begin tounderstand the motivations of thernany remarkable men who havedevoted their lives to the work of thenorthern missions.

The price of this book is $10.00 plus$1.00 for postage. You can get acopy from one of the following:

Rev. Charles Choque, OMI175 Main StreetOttawa, OntarioK1 S 1C3

Diocese of Churchill/Hudson BayBox 10Churchill, ManitobaROB OEO

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b~<l->' r ~"rLr<l'l... CharlesChoque-~< d'r'~'~<l~"e~~'" l>P­~.. ' 27-.. ' ~p~"'e"'Jr d'r'~'~<l<­~c-~"'->"-> H<lc~'Ar. <lCe Choqued'r'~'~<l~Jd'~"'J'" JL~<l'r H<lC­~'Ar, <i:><r~e~r"'J'" ~<->r, <l' .. ­<l~~' .. 'r.D'. edb.. dILr.. ' II~'­

.."'>'" d'r'~'~d' nn"'dn'f".D'.

<lce Choque ~'brLr~"'>'" II~Lo,.r'­CT" t>'ibrLc;'n c "d c<:.6.r<l'id<..JCTr c .pr'<l.. <el>"', ~"l>r',,~-><l'c-'r <lCeII~' H<l'.DI\.~< <lJc-~Ld .. ' d;r"r..t>""'icrrn..cr'ircr. nnc;t>r'~C;...)<l">"

d'r'~'~<l~.. 'r' ~p~e"'Jr. II-><l"'­Jr', PJ->'C.D c ~p~"'e"'Jr "<~'->..Dr::.. ... fT. Cd ... a.. ...nc ">.. .6.~r'LLn..\r·

Arn..<l"C'L cr " t>·AC;CTrn..~C t>PC>'"'C'"'­Jr. ~"rL" <l'i"r~"r'L?":">" <lceH<l'.DI\.l>< d;r''l... ' l>P~.. <l'c-r...

~LLJ<C~~. ~~rL,~~d'~ CL~

~"rL", JPr'<'r<lrr~o,.'~'I\.<l"'>ncA~Lr?n~'~~ ~~J~~~J( ~~n(

J"r'~C d;r"r' .. ' ~p~"'e"'Jr~~A~~rn..~~..J( .

C<IL ~"rL< <lP'l. $10.00 dc-<->J$1.00-r' ..1I''l.c''c?n'~r'. II~'­~'i~C6.'i~ ~d~ \'"L (:

Rev. Charles Choque, OMI175 Main StreetOttawa, OntarioK1 S 1C3

Diocese Of Churchill/Hudson BayBox 10Churchill, ManitobaROB OEO

Ataata Pierre Henry titirausiulluaqsi­mavuq kajualungmi uqalimaalianganiCharles Choque-up iksirarjuangu­qataujuq ukiunik 27-nik ukiuqtaqtumiiksirarjuaraaluulauq&unilu Hudson­piimi. Ataata Choque iksirarjuangu­tuinnaqtuq kuugjuarmi Hudson-piimi,aatuvamiutauliqtuq uplumi, anniara­jungnirminut. Taikani isumaminik pi­jungnaqpuq iksirarjuit titiraqutingin­nik.

Ataata Choque uqalimaaliuqpuq pi­jumajamingnik uqalimaaqtit qutvaigia­quplunigit. Kisianiptauq, uqausiqara­luallarmi ataata Pierre Henry-upatulaugainik inuusirmini ukpirnilirinir­mini, titirausiqarluaqpuq iksirarjua­ngunirmik ukiutaqtumi. Piluaqtumik,kituluktaanut ukiuqtaqtumi qaplu­naallu nunaanni, takunnaqtitsivuqinuusimmaringmik pilirianginnik ukpir­nilirijit ukiuqtaqtumi. Uqalimaaq ajjili­uqsimarunaaqpuq ataata Hannuriupinuusinganit ukiuni allagiini.

Ammaluptauq, uqalimaaraanikkungnitaamna uqalimaaq, tukisivallialilirajar­narriaqputit pijumalirutinginnik niqtur­naqtut angutit tunisijut inuusirmingnikukiuqtaqtumi ukpirnilirinirmut.

Taapsuma uqalimaap akinga $10.00ilaplugu $1 .OO-mik nipinngataaqtaa­rutiksamik. Pijungnaqtait ukunang­ngat:

Rev. Charles Choque, OMI175 Main StreetOttawa, OntarioK1 S 1C3

Diocese of Churchill/Hudson BayBox 10Churchill, ManitobaROB OEO

57

;;o·iu··~:....- ='u

In April 1984, Father Franz Vande Velde OMI of Hall 8each, North­west Territories, was presented withthe Order of Canada from the thenGovernor General of Canada, the Hon.Edward Schreyer, in recognition ofthe work he has done in the CanadianArctic for the past fifty years. Whenthe news of his interest in the Arcticand Inuit reached his native 8elgium,the 8elgians too recognized the valu­able contribution he had made toCanada and especially the Arctic. InFebruary 1986, a ceremony was heldat the 8elgian Embassy in Ottawa sothey could honour him also.

A small group of invited guestsgathered and, after an hour of refresh­ments and converstion, the Ambas­sador of 8elgium presented the "Che­valier de L'Ordre de la Couronne"(Knight of the Order of the Crown) toFather Van de Velde. This decorationis a great honour and a well-deservedrecognition by the country of his birthto this well-known and much lovedpriest. As well, a bust of FatherVan de Velde by the sculptor HaroldPfeiffer was unveiled at the presen­tation.

58

46~r 1984-~nc~J, 4CC >~- <­nA4 c ' ~r~~\r~c~ .~cf4'r •.Jr~~,_~'>~ b..C~< C6~~'"n'\.r'

d6- pLI-~J~nr'_~~C'\.r' b..Cr.6':>' 1~6,,'r'. 6rC~~~'"nr-

....'l,0""~ Arn..<d'ib'""'r'Lr'i(T'l.D c bl1.Ct> <

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~r' .~rr', A4ci'Lr~' ~'i'?I­

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4~J<r.

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r'bc..~'nc~rc~. 4L<fC~"" A4 c ­~Lrt>.D( )a-(rc..t><;>'"'" "Chevalierde L'Ordre de la Couronne"-r'4CC <- nA4c~'. CL.. ~~r'

Jr~~~~'\.' JP'b'nC~"b'C'L' ALL­n.. ... c..n..t>a-\L.oc <JLLJ A7n..<3'ib .. c..n.. .. )..JcPf4r ~'i'?IJC~-r~C~<~r.~J"b­

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"..... PCt><..t><;>... :Jcrr'a-<ib'ifF"ir. \a....J­4"CAr'\. H64-?' A<:>'..J' •

April 1984-ngutillugu, ataata FranzVan de Velde sanirajangmiutaq nunat­siarmi, tunijaulaurpuq kanataup tai­jautjutinganik kuin kiggaqtuqtigilauq­tanganit kanatami, itvut suraijurmit,ilita rijautjutigijanganik pi Ii riaqaqsi ma­Iirninganut kanataup ukiuqtaqtunganiarraaguulirtuni 50-nik. Ukiuqtaqtu­miklu inuqutigijanginniklu piliriaqarni­qarumaninga tusaqtaungmat piuljim­miunit nunaminit, pialjimmiut utjiru·suqataulilaurput aturniqammariktumikkanatamut piluaqtumik ukiuqtaqtu­mut tunisiqatausimaninganut. Feb­ruary 1986-mi, quviasugutjiniqtaqa­lilaurivuq pialjimmiut pitjutigiplugitkiggartuijilirijikkunni aaqtuvami.

Amisuuluangittut qaiqatauqujasimajutkatiniqalaurput ammalu, ikarrarmikatausirmik imiralangniqarlaurtillugilluu qall aqati 9 i i ng n iqa fa urtill ug ill u,ampaasitaujuq pialjimmiunut tunisili­laurpuq "Chevalier de L'ordre de laCouronne" -mik ataata vaan tiviallut.Taamna ujamik tunijaujaraangat tuki­qartitauqattarmat pimmarillariuni­nganut ammalu pijariaqanlariktumutkisiani utjirusugutaunniutaupluni nu~

natuqanganit irnianguvvigilaurtamiiksirarjuarmut qaujimajautsiartumut.Ammaluptauq, sananguagaq ataataVan de Velde-nguaq saqqitaulaurpuqtunisiniqarnirmi, sananguaqtaviningaHarold Pfeiffermut.

Children playing "touch" and'follow the leader" on our year's

supply of coal in front of theEskimo Point Anglican Missionin 1932.

It all began in 1933 when I went toEskimo Point to join my husbandDonald Marsh. Seventeen years later,in 1950, Donald became the AnglicanBishop of the Arctic.

He had already spent seven years inEskimo Point building the mission andthe church, and learning Inuktitut. Hearrived in 1926, but Eskimo Point hadbeen visited once a year before thisdate by missionaries from Churchill,Manitoba. By that time, Pallirmuit hadtraded in Churchill' and some evenwent to school there. Inuit elders told

.DC"""b C "4LPCC>C:)c" "Lc-":>Cj­~'-,n'_,.' ~P~...J' <l''7'''d­ncn'r <l~.~~6~' ~'t<l'A<lC

t>r<lr <l'A<lr 1932-r.

Ar<l'r~~~'tL>~ C6L 1933-~n"­

.>J <l'A<l~~~~L ~6~ C~, L'bn?~~~cd. <l'<J6' 17 ~tLr'LC,1950-r. C~, ei'rbrl>~' I> P1>"'­c"':Jr <l~'P"'~6~'~<l\Jr~I>'>~.

7-r' <l<~'Jb'\r' <l'A<l<r'tLr~-[>">"lo :J" r'4"/\r[>".,ltTJ tJ..D .. n:> .. ...,)I>'b~'c.>r. <l'A<l~' np~l><tL\L'

1926-\Jn".>J, <l'~·JCL".> <l~'P~:J­

6i"r' l'~<l" Lrj<rl>r' npcl>~'­CLt>'ia-'i.Ja" r'>"La-. CI:J.Lt>r'in ..JJ.~"r'irt>( a-t>"~4~(CrLt>'ir'L\L(

d""~<J'irC AL\f'<-J Ar"O"'<:lfL<:l'ibCCc..­t>"cr'i.,ln" (Aba". 6..D!:J.( A.DJ'ibt>cr'i-

Nutaqqat "aamakitauttut" "malik­turaut&utiglu" ukiumut arjak­saqutiptingni ajuqiqtuijit tuksiarviatasivuniani arviami 1932-mi

Pigiarniqalaursimavunga taima 1933­ngutillugu arvianungaugama uigaDonald Marsh katijaqturapku. Arraa­guit 17 naasimalirmata, 1950-mi,Donald aarlikamiunut ukiuqtaqtumiajuq iqtuij irjuangul ilaurpuq.

7-nik arraagukasangnik arviarmiisi­malilaurpuq tuksiarviliur&unilu inuk­titullu uqajusapluni. Arvianut tikila­ursimangmat 1926-ngutillugu, arraa­gutamaallu ajuqiqtuijinit kuukjuaqmaanituupamiunit tikitauqattalaur­nir&uni sivurgani. Taimaulirtillugu,paallirmiut niuviriaqattalilaursimang-

59

us tales of those days. A ReverendBuckman travelled as far as Chester­field Inlet. Bishop Dewdney and Arch­deacon Faries took services at EskimoPoint. Reverend Lofthouse lived inChurchill, Manitoba, and worked withInuit in Churchill and along the westcoast of Hudson Bay. Because hetravelled a lot by kayak, he wasknown as "kayak rider."

My first home in Canada was with theInuit of Eskimo Point. It was many,many miles away from my parentsand home in England. I found every­thing so different in Canada-thepeople, the heat in summer, and thegreat distances between cities. Imissed my country and my folks alot. When I leached Eskimo Point,I could not speak Inuktitut. Veryquickly I came to love the children.The younger mothers with babiescuddled in their amoutis were kind tome. I was very shy, but the childrenhelped me with the language, whichwas mostly baby talk. This I found outyears afterwards!

~A( ~~<b'~r~(C~~',L<nJ( ~,­

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mat kuukjuarmit ilangillu ilinniariaqat­talaurnir&utik taikani. Inuit inutuqau­nirsait unipkaarvigiqattalaursimavaa­tigut sulitiluqiqattalaurmangaarmiik.Ajuqiqtuiji pakman igluligaarjuliaqat­talaurnirmat. Ajuqiqtuijirjuaq tuutniammalu ajuqiqtuijirjuarmut ikajuqtiviaris tuksiaqtitsiqattalaurnir&uniarviani. Ajuqiqtuiji laavHaus kuukjuar­miutaupluni ajuqiqtuijiujuulaurpuqkuukjuarmilu Hudson Bay tariungatalusinaani nunaliujunuaqattar&uni. Qa­jakkuurajungninga pitjutigiplugu uaja­liraangami, qaujimajaulaurpuq "qajaq­tuqtimik" .

Kanatamuarama nunaqangalaursima­vunga arviani ungasiktummarialungmianaanakkuma iglurjuangannit ing­lanmi. Tamainnik atjiujuungittunikutjirusulilaurpunga Kanatami - inu­nginnik, uqkuuninganik aujautillugu,ammalu nunaliit inugiakturmiut unga­sikturaunninginnik. Nunarjuarijaraluanaanakkukkalu takujumallirsimalua­laurpakka. Arvianut tikinnama inuk­titut uqallagungnalaunginnama. Nuta­rakulungnik nakligusulikautigilaur-

I was very homesick. Once I went intothe church building (the lumber usedto build it had once been the jail inChurchill), and sat down alone andplayed and played the small portableorgan, all the time singing hymnsand weeping many tears. Suddenly Istopped and heard a voice within me.It said, "You have not come here toget something, you came here togive."

Right away everything changed forme. I wanted to share with the peo­ple of Eskimo Point so I began byt9llching the girls and children. Thechurch was made lovely inside andsimple beadwork designs made itbelong to the Inuit. Sam Koomuk'sdaughter helped a lot. We sent a let­ter in Inuktitut to every inland campso that in the spring when eve'ryonecame to Eskimo Point we would allget together and learn about God'sword. Quite a few knew only thatChristmas was Nerriwiguak-a timeof feasting, which they observed fromthe whalers and traders. They had

<l'f" ," r''') LLn-<l~d>' r'L:>'L , <lCI> r'­<l'.>'L." )'r'<l'lI',l' dn,L ('P'<'d')'r'<l'lI,l>?nl>'<" d''<'<l'r <l'~'f"­lIl1crl><."n'). d'f" ..L ..'P'Cl>n.D'dLr'.>'L." 'P<l.,,<lc..1>, r'L:>'L. 'P<l"-c...."LC .D'"'bbLc....·bL t>LLnl..o- Jt...-,>'L I>'%')r', "CLI>'Lc..I>'f' ' ..II '~ ..C~<l')'P.>np. CLI>'Lc..I>,lI' )crr'­7,",)'iloI"L<J()c."

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punga. Makkuktullu amaartut nutara­laarmingnik pitsiammarilaurpaanga.Kanguttaugaluartillungalu, nutaqqanitinuktitut uqausirmik ilitsivallialilaur­punga, kutaktummarialuunnir&unga,kisianilu qangasangutuqartillugu ku­tangnimnik tukisilisaar&unga.

Angirraqsiqtummarialuulaursimavu­nga. Atausiar&ungalu tuksiarvingmutitirama (qijuit tuksiarviliurutiujut kuuk­juarmi atsungirviviniuplutikl, ingin­nama naqittautinut imgir&ungalu qia­lualaursimavunga. Qiallarmat nuqqa­kalla~kama uummatimni tusalipungauqartumik, "tamaungalaunginnavitsunataariartuqi&utiki, tamaungalau­ravit tunisijaqtuqsimaplutit."

Taimakautigilu sunaiimaat asiangur­pallialilaurput. Arviarmiunik amiqqa­qatiqarumalirama ilinniaqtippallialilaur­pakka niviarsiallu nutaqqallu. Tuksiar­viup ilua piusititaulualaurpuq sungau­janillu sanasimajunik pitaqalirtitaup­luni Inuit sungaujalirturnikunginnik.Sam Koomuk paniata ikajuluaqat­talaursimangmata, titiqqanik inuk-

never heard that it was the birthdayof the Son of God.

Over the years, this work with thewomen and children grew. We metover tea and biscuits and our magiclantern (which was used before therewere projectors, movies and electric­ity) displayed bible story pictures.Week by week each mother and girlworked on a little book in which a pic­ture stamp was pasted with Inuktitutwriting which told where to find thestory in her bible. This was to keep,as we forgot easily, and to remind herto share with her children and neigh­bours what she had learned at EskimoPoint when she returned to fall andwinter camp.

This is the way the Church spread inthe Arctic, by Inuit passing on thegood news from camp to camp. In thesame way, 1,900 years ago, the firstChristians spread the same gladtidings.

These were happy days for me and Ilearned to love the Inuit most dearly.I am nearly 81 years old now. I wantto thank you, the Inuit of EskimoPoint, for letting me share my life withyours.

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tituurtunik nunaliralaqartunut aul­laqtitsiqattalaurpugut upirgaksaangu­lirpat arvianut tikiralirmikpata kati­maniqarungnaqupluta tuksiutinikluilinniaqatigiikluta. Amisuuniqsaitanivvianik tukisiumaniqatuinnalaur­simangma nirivigjuarnaunirar&ugu,qaujiqattarsimagamik qilalugaqsiuq­tillu niuviqtiillu taimailiuqattarningan­nik. Tusaumalaungimmata guutiupirningata nalliutivvigingmagu.

Arraaguni kinguninginni, taimannapiliriaqaqatiqarnira arnaniklu nutaq­qaniklu angiglivallialilaurpuq. Katima­qatigiiqattalaurapta tiitur&utalu siga­laaqtur&utalu ammalu atjinguanik ta­kuksautjutivut (atuqtauvalaurtut atu­jiliurutitaqalaurtinnagulu, tarrijauti­taqalaurtinnagulu ikumanuuqtuqutita­qalaurtinnagulu) takuksautitsivak­&utik tuksiutini unipkaarutinik atji­nguanik. Pinasuarusiqtamaat ananau­jurlu paniujurlu atuni nipitiriqattar&u­tik inuktituungajunik nani tuksiutimininanisijungnarajarmangaat unipkaar­mik. Papataksariplunigillu, puiguqsa­raikkaluartilluta iqqaitjutigiqattagak­sariplunigillu nutaqqaminullu inuuqa­timinullu amiqqaqatiginiartaksaminiksunanik arviani ilitsilaurmangaarmiiutiqsimaliruni ukiivvigivaktaminu nu­naliralaaminu.

Taimanna tuksiarviliriniq siammakpal­Iialilaursimangmat ukiuqtaqtumi, inuittusarnaqtunik nunaliralaangujunutamiqqaqattarningittigut. Taimannat­sainnaq, 1,900-ngulirtut arraaguitnaasimajut, sivulliqpaa kuraistuusi­miut amiqqaqatigiiqattalaurmatatituttusarnaqtunik.

Uvamnut quvianaqtuutiulaursimang­mata inuillu nagligilualilaurpakka.Maannaulirtumi 81-nik arraaguqali­rama. Inuit arviarmiut qujannamiim­marigumavakka, inuusipsingnik amiq­qaqatigijun9nalaurapsinga.

Children outside the AnglicanMission at Eskimo Point in thespring of 1935. There was a partyand each child was given aballoon. When they left for hometwo hours later. not one balloonwas broken-to the children theywere treasures beyond words.The door standing upright in theforeground led into a meat cache inthe snowbank.

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Nutaqqat ajuqiqtuijit tuksiarviattasilataani arviani upirngaksami1935. Nirivigjualaurmata nutaraluk­taat puviaqattangnguarmik tuni­jaulauqtut. Angirraugiarmata ikarrakmarruk pianingmanik. atausirluun­niit puviaqattangnguaq qaalaung­ngittuq - nutaqqanut iplirnaluamutuqarnirluunniit ajurnarmat. Ukkuaqnappangajuq miksiqpani niqau­sivingmut itirvik aniuvangmi.

Rememberingthe "Arctic Man"

by Kim Carter

Ernest Wilson Lyall, known as the"Arctic Man" by some people be­cause of a book by that title he wroteabout the North, died of a heart attackin July at his home in Spence Bay. Hewas 76 years old.

Born in Labrador, Lyall was one of 19children of a Scottish Hudson's BayCompany cooper. He got his first jobas a junior clerk with the Hudson'sBay Company in 1927 and held post­ings in various Arctic communities.He married an Inuit woman, Nipisha,and they had 11 children. He evenhad a government-issued Inuit disknumber.

In 1962, he retired from the HBC andwent to work for the government inSpence Bay. Lyall had helped foundthe community of Spence Bay and heremained there for four decades. Dur­ing his years at Spence Bay, he servedas Justice of the Peace, coroner,game officer, and power plant me­chanic. He delivered several childrenand pulled teeth when necessaryl Heand Nipisha were recipients of theCommissioner's Award for long ser­vice in the North, an honour given tohim by his close friend StuartHodgson.

Later, encouraged by Hodgson, Lyallwrote a book about the North. AnArctic Man chronicles his life in theArctic. In the book he wrote, "Themain reason I decided to do a bookabout my life in the North is that I gotfed up with all the baloney in so manybooks written about the North."

People who knew Lyall were generallyfond of him. John MacDonald of

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Iqqaumaniq"Ukiuqtaqtumiu­tamik Angummik"

Kim Carter piliriarijanga

Ernest Wilson Lyall, qaujimajautsiar­tuq "ukiuqtaqtumiutaq angut"-mikilanginnit inungnit, pitjutigiplugu uuqa­limaagaliarilauqtaanut taimannatsain­naq taipluniuk unipkaar&uni ukiuqtaq­tumik, inuujungniilaur uummatinganuqqarmat julaingutillugu uvaguminitalurjuani. Arraaguqalir&uni 76-nik.

Inniangujuviniupluni Labradormi, Lyallilagijaulaurpuq 19-ngujunit sikaatlan­miutamit Hudson Bay kampanikkutniuvirvingani aaqqiksuijiup. Iqqanai­jariargautiqalaurpuq titiraqtiupluniHudson Bay kampanikkunnut 1927­ngutillugu nuuqattar&uni ukiuqtaq­tumi nunaliujunut.

Inungmik nuliaqtaalaurpuq nipisamik.11-ngujunik qiturgaqalir&utik. Gava­makkunnit tunijauqattartunik naasau­tiqammarililaurpuq. 1962-ngutillu­gulu, nuqqalitainnalaur&uni Hatsan­paikkunnit, gavamaujunut talurjuarniiqqanaijaaqangaalir&uni. Lyall nuna­liujumik talurjuarnik nunaliqaliqtitsi­qataulaursimavuq taikanilu nunaliqa­lir&uni sitamat aggainik. Talurjuar­niimmini, iqqaqtuijiujuuplunilu, inuu­jungniirtuniklu qaujisaqtiuplula uuma­julirijiujuuplunilu uajautimuurtuniklusanajiujuusimalaurpuq. Irnisuktunikluikajuqattarsimapluni, kigusirijiuqat­talaursimavuq pijariaqaliraangami.Nipisalu tunijaulaursimavuk kamisa­naup taijautjutinganik iqqanaijalaur­ningannu akuni ukiuqtaqtumi. StuartHodgsonmit piqatimmarialungminit.

Uvatsiarungurtillugulu, ikajuqtuqtaup­luni Hodgsonmit, Lyall uqalimaagar­mik titiralilaursimavuq unipkaartumikukiuqtaqtumik, taipluniuk ukiuqtaq­tumiutaq angut-mik, unipkaar&uniinuusirminik ukiuqtaqtumi. Uqalimaa-

63

Igloolik, who used to work for theHudson's Bay Company, describeshim as "a gentle sort of soul. His booklets you think of him as a bit uncon­ventional, harping at authority and soon, but he wasn't. He was a gentlesort of person and very easy to getalong with. His home was open tomany people who happened to bepassing through Spence Bay."

MacDonald said his first meeting withLyall took place at the Hudson's Baypost in Spence Bay. "I was goinginto the community with the HBCinspectors and found Ernie alone inthe shop trying to cover up for themanager who had gone fishing. Hewasn't prepared for our arrival at all.However, since we were ahead ofschedule, the HBC was very forgiv­ing," laughed MacDonald.

MacDonald also recalled anotheradventure with Lyall. "Years ago, westarted up a piping band in SpenceBay. There were three of us fromthe south who could play the pipes,but not very well. Ernie decided hewanted to be the drum major with us.We all had kilts except Ernie so we gothim a car blanket to wear. But the fun­niest thing was watching him try tomarch. He couldn't get the hang ofit. So here was this fellow with apeculiar walk and three men poorlyplaying the pipes behind him. It musthave looked very' funny."

Sam Metcalfe, a relative, said Lyallwas a friendly person. "Somethingclicked between us the first time wemet. I remember thinking he was allfun. His kids and wife really had a lotof love and respect for him," he said.He also said that Lyall was working ona second book about his adventuresin the North.

Lyall is survived by his wife Nipisha;his sons Billy, Johnny and Bob ofCambridge Bay; sons Pat, Charlieand Dennis of Spence Bay; and fourdaughters-Sylvia Lyall of SpenceBay, Bella Wilcox of Cambridge Bay,Kathy Lyall of Yellowknife and BettyBrewster of Ottawa.

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garmi titiralaurpuq imanna, "uqali­maagaliurumatjutigilualaurapku unip­kaarlunga inuusimnik ukiuqtaqtumipitjutiqar&unga taqalirsimalirama sag­lujualuuplutik uqalimaagaliursimajuttitiraqtauqattarsimaningit ukiuqtaq­tuup miksaanut."

Inuit qaujimalaurtuq laiulmik nagligu­sutsialaurmata. John MacDonald iglu­Iingmiutaq, Hudson Bay kampanik­kunnut iqqanaijaqtiujuulaursimang­mijuq, unipkaaqalaursimavuq Lyallmik"nagliqtaqtuupluni inuusiqalaurpuuqalimaagaliarilauqtangata isumaliq­tigunnarmatit aaqqiumatsiangittumikinuusiqarianganut, angajuqqaujuu­jumaninganullu asinginniklu, kisianitaimannaittuulaungimmat. Nagliqtaq­tuupluni inuusiqalaurmat piqanniq­tummarialuuplunilu. Uvaguni amisu­nut ukkuingaartiqattalaursimangmagutalurjuakkuurtunut.' ,

Maktaanut uqalaurpuq sivulliqpaam­maringmiguuq katirgaramiuk LyallHudson Bay kampanikkut niuvirvi­ganiulaurma talurjuarni. "Hudson Baykampanikkut qaujisartinginnik piqa­tiqar&unga tikilaursimagama talur­juanut, Ernie aulatsijiujumik iqallia­riarsimajumik iqqanaijarutjipluni. Niriu­gilaungitsiaraluar&unitigut, tikivvikmasivurar&utigu tikinnapta, niuvirving­miut qanuiksalualaungilat," Mac­Donald iklar&uni uqarpuq.

Sam Metcalfe, ilanga laiuulup, uqausi­qalaurpuq Lyall piqanniqtummariuni­rar&uniuk. "inuqanniqatigiililaursima­gamnuk katilisaar&unuk. Iqqaumat­siarpunga quvianaqtuunasugiplugu.Qiturgarijangillu nulianganut nagligu­sutsiar&utiklu upigusutsialaurmatalaiulmik," uqar&uni. Uqakkannirip­lunilu Lyallguuq uqalimaagarmik titi­raqpaltialilauraluarmingmat sunniku­vinikkannirminik ukiuqtaqtuminnir­mini.

Lyallup nulianga Nipisha: irningit Billy,Johnny ammalu Bob iqaluktuutsiar­miutait: irninga Pat, Charlie ammaluDennis talurjuarmiutait: ammalu sita­mat paningit-Sylvia Lyall talurjuar­miutaq, Bella Wilcox iqaluktuutsiar­miutaq, Kathy Lyall jalunaimiutaqammalu Betty Brewster Ottawamiu­taq qimakpangit.