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Vs4anue ocyilIecrBneHo npu QznaHcoaorl no4gepxxeKaQegpu pyccnorl .rrnreparypu u leuepanr,noro (DoH4a

XeHencxoro yur{Bepcnrera, a raKxe (DoHna <.Hena> (Xenena)

O-43 1913. <CnoBo KaK rarcoBoe>: K ro6uneftHoMy roAy pyccroroQyrypusrua : Marepuanbr MexlyHapoAHoft HayqHoft KoH1}epeHur4rr(Xeneea, 10-12 anpurs 201,3 r.) / cocr. r Hayq. pe4. X.-@. Xarxapau A. Mopap. CfI6. : lla4arelrcrno Eepoleficxoro yHr.rBepcr4rera e CaHxr-flerep6ypre, 2074. - 528 c.: Iarr. ; [16] c. rtB. BKn.

ISBN 978-5-94380-181-5

1913 rol - rog oco6euHtrrl. Ha nopore [leproir ruuponoft norluu Erpona xurerB oxuAaHux KaraKJrr43MoB; ouyrrleHr4e neug6exuocru xaracrpo(fu oKa3brBaer roagefi -crBv e r{ Ha pa3Brrrne Kynbrypbr. Bepoaruo, Hr.r o4zH gpyrori roA B r.tcropr,rr4 nr4reparypbr,uro6paaureruuoro ucKyccrBa, My3r,rrr4, apxr{TeKTypbr, a raKxe rtpoqfix Br4AoB r4cKyccrBa(rearp, 6aner, xuueuarorpaQ) u uurel-nexrya.nrHoit gelrear,uocru (QnnocoQra, .nure-parypHat rpuuma) He Moxer cpaBHurbcq c rpr4HaAqarbtM no KonrzrrecrBy tr r,rHTeHcr4B-

uocru co6r,nnfi, lpou3orrreArxrlx B cro]rb xoporxzfi cpox Bo Bcex yronKax Enponu z sa

ee npeAenaMn.Pyccxnfi Qpypuaru n 1913 rogy 6rur yxe B rorrHoM pa3rape, on 6bu so Bcex yMax

14 Bo Bcex ra3erax, oH yclen 3apa3r4Tb Bce Br{Abr r4cKyccrBa; <.o6qecrseHHbrrl nxyc,> yxeflonfil{n noqeqrrHy. l9L3-fi - roA coeAuHeHilt cJroBecHoro r4cKyccrBa c raao6paaurelr-Hurra. Huenno B groM rogy, B anpene, ronBrzrl,cfl r'laHuQecr <,Croso Kax rarosoe,>. ErorlronoBoKpyxurersuofi secHorl 6unu crsru rocneAHlre flpenrrcrBlrr Ha nyru r 6ecnpe4-rr,rernocrra. B 1913 rogy popnacb 3ayMb - norr4qecKoe 3aBeprxeHr4e npoqecca ocao6ox4e-Hlrfl rro3Tr4rrecKoro cJroBa, Haqaroro eqe flpv cr4MBoJrr,r3Me. 1913-rl oxagarc.s, raruu o6-paaona, canauna QyrypilcrurrecxrzM ro4orr,r. HarauyHe HoBoro l9I4ro4a or rpaAr.rrlr4oHHorono3TurrecKoro cnoBa He ocrarocb Hr,rqero. IIolHoe ocso6oxAeHze c;roBa or scsrofi ror4-uyHuxarunHori z rappatunHorl QyHrqraz orKpr,mo coBeprrreHHo HoBbre <<nyru cJtoBa>.

B Hacroaquri c6opnux Botrrnu Marepr{anbr MexAyHapoguofi roHQepeHrlr4}r, npvy-porJeHHoi K cro.nerurc uauzQecra <,Croso KaK TaKoBoe'> u rtpoueAuerl B creHax Xenen-cKoro yHr,rBeporrera B anpene 2073 rcla.

y4I(7.O37.3EEK87.aI23a2.43

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Codeprcauue

BcrynlrrenrHoe cnoBo .. .. .. 6

Atterccert KpyzeHux, HuKonati Kynt6un. [extapa4uncnoBa, KaK raKo_noro. [<DaxcuMrrre ]rrrcroBxrr, BbrryqeHHor? B alpene 1913 r.] . . . . 11

furercceil KpyzeHbtx, Benuttup Xte6nurcoe. Croso KaK raxoBoe.[@axcuuu.ue 6polrnprr, rr3AaHHoft n ceura6pe 1913 r.].. ... .. . .. 15

I. Ocso6oxAeHHoe cJroBo

Xan-Ktod llanu (LanneJ.-C.) <.Clono KaKraroBoe>> ......... 33

Huna fypwnoea. Pa6ora zayuu 45

Ercamepuua Eo6puucrcan. 3ayrranufi .rr3brK, 6eclpeAMerHocrbI4<<oIIbITTo.rIIIbI> .........59

Oze A. Xansen-Jldee (Hansen-Ldye A. A) <.8 Haqare 6lrro Croso...,>'flsHxonoe MbrrrureHhe MexAyoHoMaro[o3TrrKori vuMflcraBveu. . . 72

Jleonu) lettnep (Heller L) Telo lr cnoBo, cKatre6Hafl rapa. 3aMeqaHnflo6yronun3poca,nu6eprr4HcrBe,Qyrypzsrr,re .,... gZ

HpunaCaxno.Onalnuncecre3ayMHorocJroBa . ..... 103

Ponana) Bpoou (Vroon R) Apxausrr,r n Olrypr43M: 3aMerKZ K reMe(KarvrencxurT, KpyveHrrx, Xne6uzxon)

IOnun Ilo)opo?a.KBonpocy o rrogrrr3Me 3ayMrr: orrbrr fl3brKay Benuunpa Xre6Huxosa 131

JIn6a lOpzeucou (urgenson L.) Xrc6wunoB - oyeBv,4erl: co34aHr4euuQo-4oxynreHra .. ..... L44

Xau-(Dununn -ph.) Kxorvry o6paqeHo <<cJroBo KaKraKoBoe>> ruorZpyxouucu[anuntaXaprr,rca ... 160

II. llcropnvecKa.r 3ayMb B KoHrercre: l9l3 rr Aanbrrre

Xtopttc Huea (Nivat G.) ycralocrr poccvtr,tr4 cr{MBoJrr43Ma . . . . . . . . . . .I73Mouurca Cnuearc. AH4peft Belufi n LgI3 roAy: B ror{cKax anbrep_

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Onez Jlerc.Mauoa. Axrraengu vs. Qyrypzsrr,r n 1913 ro4y(ro uarepnalarra poccnftcxofr npeccu) . . . I94

Aterccaudp fanywrcuu. Burrop Illuoncxnfi sl9l3 roAY' . . . . . 204

Auuurc Mopap (Morard A.) Iopalple cloBa IIo3ra-Ky3HeIIa

Masxoncxoro..... ....2I2

I.Izopt Jlouquttoe. flerp floreuxzn n <pyrypncru: npllrgxeHl'Ie

r4orrarlKl4BaHlle... ,,....222

Tamtnna Hurcotacrcaa. Yyxoe croBo B KoMrIaHI4I4 <'4L"'>'

3auerru KreMe .. 236

Tamanna fieuHflmuHq. Meravop<[oabl aBaHrapAHoro co3HaHI'Ifl

n cosercxofr Aeficrsuremnocru 1920-1930-x roAor(cnyvafiA.B.TyQaHoBa)... ...-.245

Aterccaudp Ko6puxcrcuil. HeugAaHuuft c6opnnx crI'IxoB K' OrnMnosa

<.TbIr>: K upo6leue gKcrIepI4MeHToB c aBropcKofi pevenofi

uacxofi B ro3AHeM aBaHrapAe '... 259

III. llcnyccrBo KaK TaKoBoe

H amanun 3mt 0 n e e a. I4ao6paxenne KaK raKoBoe : xl4Borlrlcb / rp aSuxa

pyccKorory6oQyrypusMaI'I 3HaKurIpeAnI4cbMeHHocrI'I . .. " ' " ' 271

Epuzumme O6epuailp (Obermayr B.) <'Karc c$er'a:,J.o'> vs' <'Kozda

cAerraHo>>:lgl3roaKaKAaraB3crerl4xe ..".... 285

An|pefi Poccon4axuH. K uronorpaQul4 pyccroro aBaHrapAa:

9ro-ry6o-lyqe-ocro-xBocro-<fyrypncrbl ... .... 3O2

/prcon E. Eoynm (BowltJ. E.) [asn4Kara6a4se I{ Hepa3pelueHHas

('elrrl.IMa .. 3I4

'littrrtut I'ttuuT (Glanc T) t'EapaH-tapaH>, pu6rz I'I KnerKa Anfl

rr i r r r ;t 1rt'i.i K u' retucxofr (ne) <fyrypracrxu PyxeHlt 3arxonofi . . .' . . . 325

I I r I t t t l'r I t r t t t t rrr.' I i'it'r';t o fly^euqu[H>>: ABa nyrl'I pyccKoro

,l,yrylrtt tt"t;t . '...,..339tt,1,:ttltl,lttllltt ll.'ltltttqtt,(I)y't'yl)H:t[4n<,QaXfypar>TpIOKa .,.355

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5

IV. Orcoao lr nocJre Bcero

I'Intn Kyrcyil. <.KoMy <DyrypnsM?> Teopua u rpaKrrrKa aBaHrapAa

Ha crpaHr{qax ra3erbr <.Irlcxyccrso KoMMyHbr>>. . . . 383

Kopnetun l4zun. KoscrpyKrl4BtrcrcKl4e upI{HIII4TIbI rIos3I4I4

AsaqaArcenosa ........ 395

Xauc lnnmep (Gilnther H.) AH4pefr flraronos I4 ocrerrrKa JIE@a. . . . . 410

Eneua O1amnuu* 06 o4uofi <.teHeBotZ Qnrype> pyccKoro EeplnHa(Kracropnr,r xypHana <.Beulb,>). ......... 42L

fi,uumpuu HuK o ]r ae 6. An anrtopnaa MoAenb B I{HreprIperaIII4LI

Qyrypucron (potrlau B. B. KarvreHcxoro <,27 rpnurcveHI,tIZXopra[xolic,t)... ......433

XymaXemenu (Hetdnyi Zs.) Bsop lr y3opbl npo3bl - ,qBa rl,IrauHreprrperarllrr4 B ceMaHTl4saqun 6yxn r4 KneroqHbre

aHarpaMMbr:Ha6orosulpeAIxecrBeHH[KIr. ..... 446

Tamonua Queatu. floernqecxne K-[I4IIre xomen 6u s 6ttmt, ecnu 6at

n 6am, nozeuy -fl He.., ux BapLTaIJLwt I4 rlpenoMneHl4e B crLIXo-

TBopeHrrr{ A. BreAeucroro <.MHe xanKo rrro.l He 3Bepb...>>

(<.Koeep-lopreHsur,>) ...461

fl,uumpu,rt Torcapee. <.Bor urryxa-ro>: o6 orcyrcrBl4l,I KaenuupaMaresll.{a B cr}IxorBopeuuu lauuutta Xapuca <.Ha cueprrKaeuuupaMarenuqa,> ...469

Temsna Ozaprcoea. <.C.noBo KaK raKoBoe>> pyccKoro Qyrypnsrraa14<<Jrr4pr4r{ecKoeacnepaHTo'>AupnMuruo. ....,,, 486

Batrepufi Camun. A.nexcau4p Kou4paron - 3ano3ranbIft cosercrnft

Qyrypncr ........ 497

Ilemp KasapuoecrcutL Crpareruu rcropr.Frecxoro aBaHrapAa

Bno33rrnB.Epm. .......5I2

Summary .... 526

. r r(,( r(. n,rr( r(a: veu 6ul raHeq368

Touaut fnau4 (EePnun / tIPta)

<. BAPAH - TAPAH'>, PbIEKII VI KIIETKA

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cisaisk6 konirna PraZsk6ho hradu, 2011. Blrcrasra rpoxoAl4na noA rarpoHa-

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B rona xe 2011 ro4y flolvraftsrona ony6.nurorala rarxe OTAeIbHyIO crarblo,

aHanr43r4pyloqylo [peuMyIIIeCrBeHHO rearpanr'Hble pa6oru 3arrosoft

[Pomajzlov6 2}tlb: 516- 5251.

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cTaTbro on ony6lraxonan B cBoeM xypnane) r.r r csoefi cranle HaMeKaeT Ha Kpu-

rr.rqecKyro oqenry Qyrypu3Ma B qeilIcKofi xyAoxecruennoft cpe4e' Tpy4no cxa-

3aTb, HacKoJIbKo Mof IIoBJIn_rITb STOT gCreTu.{ecxl4fr cKencuc IIo oTHoIIIeHIIO K

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"iurio" fyO"1uroil, na xy,qoxHr{qy, Koropafl xI4JIa 3a rpanr.rqefi I'I r{blr screrl,I-

qecr{r4e B3ulflgu 6unv c qeilcKofi cpe4oft cBfl3aHbl cKopee KocBeHHo'

B t929 ro4y fipollaBe,qenzs 3arxonoft Haaunaer B [porpaMMHoM xypHane

rpynuu Ierircral ..ReD,t BblAaloql4Mlrcfi 14 BaxHbIMI4 rlaunr'Ift teoperI4K r{eil-

326 Touaw Dtax4 (Eepnuu / Ilpaza)

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oprrrr4HanoB ee nporrcBeAeHprri cqr4raercfl yrpaqeH lr'oit, u Her43BecrHo,

rAe ee pa6orbr Moryr HaxoAr{Tbcfl. 3a6seHue, oAHaKo, He .flBJr.sJrocb

cJreAcrBrreM Qr.rsuuecroft HeAocrynHocrkt rrpor{3Be Aelr.uit vnv Apy tktxBHerrrHr4x o6croqrerlcrB, BKrroqaq r.rAeororuqecxyro rleffiypy. Y nu-TecHeHr4.r 3arxosorl r{3 KaHoHa aBaHrapAa r,r Mo,4epHu3Ma ecrb, Kaxer-cr, npuqr,rHbr, 3arparr.rBaroque ee crvrltb, xapaKTep ee pa6or, roropuftflBrflercfl, rrasHoll reuoft STor; crarbr,I.

3arxosa rupa6orara screrr4qecKyro nporpaMMy, recHeftuuu o6-pa3oM conpvKacarcqyrocfl c aKryanbHbrM r4cKyccrBorr,r 1910-x roAoB,

oAHoBpeMeHHo, oAHaKo, r4Hrerpnpyroqyro r4 npeAbrAyrrlue screrrrqe-cKr,re KoHrlenrbr MoAepHn3Ma r,r KynbTr.rBr4pyroqyro Kpr.rTr,rqecKyro Ar4c-TaHrlr{rc K coBpeMeHHbrM TerreHr4.rru. Caurnu HarnrAHbrM B aroM orHo-rueHrrr4 flBnflercfl ee noJreMlrKa c Qyrypueuon. Bo-nepBbrx, noroMy,qro ee crutn 6sm 6ruagor r4MeHHo QyrypncrnvecrorZ xzeonncl{, Bo-BTOpbrx, B cvny ee r4HTeHcr.rBHbrx Jrr{rrHbrx ornonreHufi rar c MapnHet-Tv n vrratbflHcKr4Mr4 Qyrypracrarrav, raK Lr c pyccKr,rMr,r aBaHrapAl4cra-Mn - B rrepByro ovepe4r c.IlaplroHoBbrM u loHvaponori. Alr6usareHrHoeorHorrreHrre 3arrosoft x Qyrypr,rsiray MoxHo paccMorperb B AByx nna-Hax: B rr./raHe BHerrrHeM, xpoHonorr4qecrcn-6uorpaQuuecrou, c ycra-Hosroft Ha rleHTpanbnl';,fi.191-3 roA, 14 B rrJraHe raMMaHeHrHoM, orruparc-rrleMcfl Ha xapaKrep ee pa6or xax 1910-x, raK ra Hatrara 1920-x roAoB.

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cKoro reBoro r4cKyccrBa Kaperi Tafire lTeige t929:185-2041. B 1969 ro,qy

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Lettere e Filosofia dell'Universitd di Siena) [Crispolti 19691. C cepeAr4Hr,r

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14 B MeXAyHapOAHOM, TpaHCHaIII4OHanbHOM - VUWI <<MI',IpOBOM> - U3-

MepeHlrr,r (xora uHQopMaIII{fl rlocrynana 3a rpaHl,Iqy, KoHerIHo, nocre-neuuos). Hanorrasuu, qro 3arKoBa rlpoxl4na BcIo B3pocnylo xI43Hb 3a

rpaulrqeft - s 3anaAHofi Enpone, rlyrelllecrByfl TJIaBHbIM o6pasorvr

MexAy Puuont u ry6epxyne3HblMrr caHaroplllMra Illnet?qapun u As-crpvrv. O co6urnsx He ronbKo B 3arlaAHoeBponefrcxoft, Ho I{ B pyccrollKynbrype y uee 6uru AocroBepHble cBeAeHIl.n - oHa caMa rlocerunaPocclto s 1910 ro4y (ee uyx 6ru pocculicruu AI4uIoMaroM), no44ep-

xr.rBaJra KoHraKrbr c pyccKrIMI4 xyAoxHIrKaMu, ee 6tuzrcufi, gpyr I[YanMeurrpoauu 6su ranxe B Kypce aKryalIbHbIX co6snuIi.

BHeuHsq ugeuruSzrcaql,If rBopqecrna Pyxeuu 3arKoeoli [poxo-Arrr r4MeHHo to rrvrnt4v Qyrypuaua. OyrypuctnvecKylo aypy xyAoxHI'I-rlbr yrBepAr,I.[ caM ocHoBonoJIoxHI{K Qyryplrcruvecxoli screruru Ma-pr4Herrr{, Bbrcrynl{Bllll4itsI92l roAy B llpare B rlepe[onHeHHoIvI TearpeIIInaH4rr (Svandovo divadlo) Ir 3aBepIxI{BlII4ft 'IreHue cnoell lerqnuo rBoprrecrBe 3arKoeolz eQQexrnorl roHIloeKoft, n roropoti [poBo3-utacvr no3yHr: <,Bo uMq Pyxeuu 3arroeoft, Aa 3ApaBcrByer Qyry-pnsivr! [a 3ApaBcrByer Qyrypncrr,rvecnaa llpara!'>5 C roqru 3peHr{.a

Qyrypnslla roJrKoBa.[ rBopqecrBo 3arrcosoft B KaraJlore ee pnucxoftB brcraBKl4 u Eupuro llp aunolI,tHl,I, aBrop uauutf e cra <.

(Dyrypucru'Ie -

cKar crleHorpaQnx n xopeorpaQra> 1<.5genografia e coreografiafuturista>) 1915 roaa.

O4uaxo xorAa 3arrcoBa npuexana s PnM s 1910 roAy, rocne npax-cxofi csaAl6u c BacurneM XsoquHcrlrM, corpyAHI4KoM pyccKoro rto-coJrbcrBa s Pnr,re, cronr4ua l4ranuu 6rula ropo4oM, B Koropou Qyry-pu3M He rrorrb3oBa.rrcr ycflexoM. Mapuuerru n e4er Qyrypucrl,Iqecrylo

HaruyuenruaR rl Bru.flrerbHaa Apcenallnafl BbrcraBKa (Armory Show), npe4-

craB14Brrrafl aueprrancroli ny6.nuxe oro;ro 1300 pa6or conperr.reHHoro lrcKyc-

crBa, npoxoAnra s Hsm-fropxe (noe4Hee BbIcraBKa 6rt-na roxasana raKxes EocroHe u 9uxaro) c cepeAI4H[,I (fenpann.qo cepeAI'IHLI napra 1913-ro ro4ar roroBlrrracb, coorBercrBeHHo, c BecHbI 7912-ro roAa. Ec;ur 6r'I opraHI43aropblperrtvnv ycrpol4Tb BbIcraBKy r{yrb no3xe, Poccr,tro Bpfi.A nn rr,rouu 6lt npe4-

craBJrrrr, nrrrnb cKynblrryplr AnencaH4pa Apxnuenro rl xuBolrtlcb BacunusKanAuncxoro (no nexoropuM r'Icror{HI{KaM, 6rtl atrcraueH raKxe KasururpManeruu) [crra.: Kuhn 1938]. Oaulrru I43 I43BecrHr'Ix xyAoxHIrKoB, InoKI4poBaH-

Hbrx TeM, KaKyIo flaTonorl4r{ecKylo epyHAy, He croqllyK) Aaxe yCMeIIIKI'I, [OKa-

3brBaror Ha BbIcraBKe, 6lur A;rr(foHc Myxa.Mapuuerrn calr no4po6uo orucaJl gror Ber{ep B nl4cbMe 3arrogoli or14.12.7921 [Pomajzlov6 20lla: 128].

328 Touaw Lnan4 (Bepnux / Ilpaza)

BorUHy KaK pa3 rrporr{B Prziraa, (DnopeHqzn, Beuequu - r4 Bo3Bparqa-ercfl K orofi reMe s cgoerz HarrryMeBrrreli xnrare <.(DyrypnsM u 0a-rrrlr3M> [Marinetti 1924].3arxosa K aroMy BpeMeHr.r yxe npeKpacHosHaer coBpeMeHHoe r,rcKyccrBo. OHa sHaroranrcfl, c pyccKr{Mr4 xyAox-

Alexcau4prr E xcrep, Har anvn louv ap on ofi u Mnxauta Jlapuotona,6nusxoft no4pyroft Koropbrx oHa craJra c 1915 ro4a [pomajzlov62O7La:271.

Tolmo secHoft 7973 rcrc cocrornucb n pnue nepBbre Qyrypr-crr,rqecxne srrcrasKr,rT. [axe ,{xanouo Ealla, c KoropbrM 3arrcosa6Hra sHaroua, c o4uofi cropoHbr, craHoBr,rrcs npr.rBepxeHueru Qyry-pr43Ma, npoBo3rnauaer cBoe alter ego, craporo Batna, rpynoM r4 noA-nncbrBaer cBorr HoBbre [pot4sBeAeHr,rr r{MeHeM Oyry6anna,s 1973 roAy co3Aaer nporpaMMHyro pa6ory <.Crcopocrs asroMo6urff,>(<.Vitesse d'une automobile>); c 4pyrorl cropoHbr, oAHaKo, oH yAen.rrer6omuoe BHr4MaHr{e coo6qecrny rroA Ha3BaHrdeu <.Sezession> (cos-AaHHoMy s l9I3 roAy),tr pa6orarorqeMy no ryHorZ ura6-rnaprzporZe Cultori di Belle Arti nHeri noleuuxofi c ecrerurcor? z Qr,uocoQzeri Qyrypusrraa MoxHo ciru-rarb xypHal (n rpynny) <.Valori Plastici> (<.flracru.recKr4e rIeHHo-crn>), BbrxoAnBrnr,rft s 1918-1922 rogax s Pzr\ae u ornepranurnfirnyflocrb cr,rMynbraHr,rslua, unQanrnJrbHocrb AaAan3Ma r,r r. A. Bo vM.sHosoft ueraQnsuru [cu. xaralor BbrcraBKr,r: Valori plastici 1998]. An-ropoM lr6epro Ca-BI4HI,IOu,,Qec ';";ffi?xTx;suoni, rumori, odori>, 7913).

B raxnx o6cro.are.nrcrnax Qopuupyercs ornuqarcqa nca y6egn-reruHoft caMocro.flTeJlbHocrblo rro3rdulr.s 3atrosori.

<rEapau-Tapan>>, pbt6Ku u KremKa dw rcanapeircu... 329

PyxeHa 3arxosa Bocrrpr4HuMana Qyrypuarvr He KaK ra4euurQurca-III,IOHHyTO [porpaMMy Anfl cBoero TBoprrecTBa, a KaK coBpeir,renHurzuafiHcrpuu, noroprul ro orHorrleHlrro K ee co6crgeHsorr.ry rroHr{MaHr{roxyAolKecTBeHHoro TBOpqeCTBa .sBJrf-rrcfl OrpaHr4quBarorur{M r{ cxeMa-rrlr{HbrM. 26 atpena I9I7 rola 3arKosa flutlrer B nucbMe JlapraoHonyo KnerKe, cosAaHHorZ <<HeclracrHbrya> QyrypucraMr4, oKagasrueftc.fl,c ee roqKu 3peHl4g, He MeHee recHori, qeM Ta K.rrerKa, or roropoft oHraxoreJrr{ o cn o6o4Iarlcs8. Kax Marepl{anr43arl}Ilo HaMeKa Ha orpaHr,rr{eH -Hocrr Qyrypr.rsr\da 3arxosa co3Aaer Qyrypr.rcruvecKyro Knerxy An.rr cBo-eri ranapefirn [Pomajzlov6 20lla: 214], peatm3yfl raKVM o6pasouco6crreuuyro ueraQopy.

Morus K-rIerKI{ Moxno B MeraIIo3TI4rrecKoM rllaHe cqnrarb Knroqe-srI\,I. Bo-nepBbrx, npotso3rJrarrrafl Qyrypnsu He ocso6oNAeHr{eM }r3KJrerKrr craporo r{cKyccrBa, a trr4rrrb HosoIZ rrterrori, 3arxosa Dncrrnu-IIrrrHo Q oprraynupyer cBo e Ar{craHur.rp oB aHHoe, Aaxe Kpr,rrr4rrecKoe or -HorrreHr{e K xyAoxecrseHHoft npaKTr,rre, c xoropofr ee rer\re BceroMoxHo ra4eHruQuqnpoBarb. Bo-nropux, KnerKa c rauaperZroft npe4-craB.rr.fler co6ofi cBfl3b c Mr4poM )r(HBorHbrx, Koropa.fl TaK BaxHa AJr.rr

pa6or xyAoxHr4uL,r, pa3Br4Barour{x Mor}rB 6apaua, pu6orc, n Ans. eepa3MbrrnneHr4rz o xuBorHbrx, r{3BecrHbrx rro neperrr4cKe. B-rperrux,cnoco6 uao6paNeHufl xtrBorHbrx Bbrpaxaer rleHrpanbHbrrl npueiu tro-AepHr4crcKoro crurrfl.3arrosorz - a uMeHHo ee o6parqeHrae c opHaMeH-TaJIbHOCTbTO 14 AeKOpaTr{BHOCTbTO.

)Kr.reorHHrl Mr4p r{rpaer Arg 3arxosofi, neconneuHo, Karrr{TaJrb-HyIo ponb. Cauuru 6analr,Huu r4 nparMarr4rrHbrM noAxoAorr,r, xoropuri,oAHaKo, He crolrr B AaHHoM cnyqae r4rHopupoBarb, flBrr.rrerc.fl 6vorpa-QuvecrurZ. 3arxosa roAaMr4 (c 1916) 5orela ry6epnynesoM, u neireHr4eorrpeAen.sno ee MecroHaxoxAeHlre. Oua iraecaqaMla Haxo4vnacb B vra-lr.sncxorTr npoBr4Hrlr4rr (Nzsnr, B ropoAe 6r;ta [ts. Hee IIo MeAr4rIrrH-cKr.{M npuquHaM Hexerarellua) vlu n unerZqapcroM caHaropr4r{ B Ae-penHe Ileeeu (n rcaHroue Bo), xy4a rrorraJra ro peKoMeHAar\t4vlhopnCrpanzuccoroe [rau xe: 81]. B srnx Mecrax ona o6paqalra rroBbrrrreH-Hoe BHr4MaHue Ha xr4BorHbrx, Koropbre a) Haxo4ranr4cb BoKpyr no [ptr-III4He ecrecrBenHbrx o6crosre-urcrB AepeBeHcxori xusHra; 6) cneqz-aJIbHO 3aBOAlrJrr{Cb C rlenbK) pa3Bneqb rraqr{eHTKy, rrpoBoAr,rBrxyrc

<.Eru uecqacrulre Qyrypzcrrr Bce Kpr,rr{ar no ocno6ox4eurae z nor noryro ce6eKnerKy nocrpor4lr TaK xe recHyro xax 6r,r.na crapat>. 3,4ecl z ,qanee nplrBo-A.arcfl rlrzTarbr 143 rrilceM, Haxo,qflquxcr B orlene pyxonuceit Tpertmoncxofiranepeu, n $ou4e Ne 80 <,JlapraoHoB louvapona>. llplrro4arca no oplrrr.rHa-.ny 6es ucnpaenennfi.Cau Crpanrancxrari c cenar,erl npoBoAr4n s IIegeHe;rero 1914 ro4a.

Cror npouaeeAeHnq BbrcraB r.slu Banna,Eoq.roHr4, pycco;ro, Cenepuur, l(rr; r

pa, CoQr[uvr [Pomajzlov6 2011a:33]. B ronrle roro xe 1913 ro4a.(Nyl,rrrrlCuponuepu orxpbrBaer QyrypncrlruecKyrc raneperc, Ha3BaHHyro ero lrM(,r r(,MIarepea cyqecrByer, Kcrarrr, Io cux trop, ee ynpaBneHve ocyqecrBJrfl('rl,r r r

Ilou4ona, u noprQo.lrl.ro cogepxur pa6orr,r pyccKr{x aBropoB: I,I.ntu Ka6:rriorr,rflanra flenneprurefina la poAr4Brrreroca n Xaprrone QororpaQa Eopntir Mrrxaftnosa.

---

330 Touaw lnau4 (Eepmn / Ilpaza)

MHOIO BpeMeHr4 B OAr'tHOqeCTBe. TaK, B rrr4cbMe K <<HaTa[re r4 MulIIe>>(IonvaponolZ v JlapkroHoBy) n Hox6pe l92I rola 3arxoea nepequcn_s-eT, KaKI4e y Hee ecTb xr{BoTHbre:

Y laeH.ff Bce raKxe nauoro sneperZ. ,{ee xorurn, 4ae 6oar,mue co6axz, xoeanan, Kypplr\ $nyp"_Koropyrur ropryu_o6esqlra. E r,r rroroM

rps3b ary Ha Bepxy cA poro urua lpua_Hep. Ou Bepno xoren o Apyra HapoAaKorrreqHaro. O6esxny , xopooa [eraca Apyrafl xorura Ean4epnyK11.

[pyruu Br,rAoM npr4cyrcrBr4s xr4BorHbrx MoxHo cqr.rrarb r{x DKcrrrn-III.rrHoe noflBlreHue Ha Kaprr4Hax. Mor[s saepeft - neryxa, 6apaHa _ co-qeraercq c Apyrr,rMrz [pr4poAHbrMr,r Morr,rBaMr,r (uanHul,r o6pasom rnxrav ee IvrHaMvr3M; cM. unl.7 ua qneruorZ nxnerZxe); HanoMHr,rM, .{ro s Am-nax (-IIeseH) rocnoAcrByrcr reMuoxsoruHbre enoBo-nrrxroBbre reca. Tpe-Tbr'IM, CaMbrM orBnerreHHbrM I{ c rortKr4 3peHr4.rl [peAnaraeuorz apryueHra-quu caMbrM cyrqecrBeHHbrM rBnflercff npr4cyrcrBr,re 3neperi xax Ho cureteitAeKo Era nx ponb caMbrM qp_KrrM 3arxosorl o6 axnapuyrra_Hbrx cBeT u Ha Apyrr4e ee KoM_nosvrrJnn, rAe opHaMeHraJrr,r3M BbrpaxeH KocBeHHo / umnlugnruo.

Ororo 7920 ro4a 3arxosa co3Aana (cropee Bcero, n .Ileseue) nla-cTr.rqecKyro KoMno3rrrlr4ro noA Ha3BaHnel,,t <.KpacHrre pu6xu>, KoTopyrcoHa HasBaJra <<opHaMeHralssoft KoHcrpyKrlr{sft> ([pou3BeAeHr{e HecoxpaHr,rnocr). Or4enlHuft eoupoc Kacaerc.s orHorrreHu.rr repMr4Ha<<KOHCTpyKrIvrfl,>> v <<KoHcTpyKTI,IBlr3M)>, K KOTOpOMy 3arKosa 6rlila.sBHo paBHoAyunal3. Ee xoHcrpynpoBaHr4e HanpaBneHo He Ha xv3He-

<,Bapan-Tapau,>, pu6rcu u KnemKa )tt rcanapeircu... 33L

rBoprrecrBo 14 Marrrr4Hbr 6y4yrqero B Ayxe Tarnusa /Pogueuxo / BecHra-

va / fuuz6ypra, a Ha nH1'r'penHurZ Mrrp vt Boc[pr.r.flrlre rroA Bnlr.flH]reM

Marepr{ana, Marepr4r.r. B <,Kpacsux pu6rax> peqb rlAer, oqes[AHo, o6aKBapr,ryMHbrx psr6rcax, Koropbre B rBoprrecrBe r4 pa3MbrrxreHlrsx 3a-rxonofi He tBJr.srorcfl qeM-To BHe3arrHbrM lrnn oAHopasonrrl,r. Yxes 1916 roAy xyAoxHr4rla Bo BpeMfl JrerreHrlfl s amrr4ftcnoM caHaropr,rr4

o6easeracr anBapr4yMoM c nrEraftcnnun pu6rarunl4 u s srofi. csxsuuo4po6Ho orrr.rcbrBaer csou Ha6rroAeH:as B rrr4cbMe loHvapoaoli or6 4erca6pt1976 rcaa,yuenfl; oco6oe BHr,rMaHrze r{x cMeprlr. OcHosHa.s

npylrr{Ha erux na6ruogeuuit - Dro KoHrpacr AByx rrprieMoB. C oAnoftcropoHbr, 3arrcosa Bvr1la"t a pu6rcax qeroBerrecxue qeprbr, c 4pyroftcTopoHbr, TPaKTyeT r4x KaK opHaMeHT - flBJreHrre TexHr{lrecKr{-AeKopa-Tr.rBHoro, norpaHr,rqHoro xapaKrepa MexAy 4uaarluoru u oAyrxeBneHHo-crbro, Brflrr4Barouee npnpognrrrl Qenorvren B rr.rraH oQoprr,rneHras. YroKacaerc-s qeroBerrecxoro I43MepeHr{a pu6or, 3arxosa [r{[rer, rrro oHr{

ABr4rarcr rJra3aMr{, KaK nroArr [Pomajzlov6 20Ila:19S1ls, oHn ruo6srM.flco u renro [rau xe: 199]15. XyAoxHuua pa3Mbrrxnfler Ha reMy r,rx

pa3nurrrzMocruuco6upaercff r{M AaBarb co6crseHHue }rMeHa [rav xe].Pu6xra 3acnyxr,IBaror r,IMeH, nocKonbKy Lr:r'AlaB:agyanu3r,rpoBaHbr lr cro-co6ssr Ha BbrcoKr4e qyBcrBa (nro6onr), - raK, pu6ra no uuvre Kpa-caneq mo6ur coBceM ManeHbKyro pu6rcytz, Koropafl, KaK flr4ruer 3arno-sa,6stra coBceM Ha AHe v,yMvpafl., oqeHb crpaAana. Tor4a KpacareqrroJroxr{r cBoro roJroBy Ha ee, TaKI,rM o6pasorr,r noKaquBaflcr Ha Hefi

[raiu xe : 20 4]. Anrp onorrrop Quo e Bocnprr.fl rue Morr,rBr.rpyer cocrp aAa-Hue K nocreneuuori ru6ettu prr6orc.rreroM I9l7 rola, r,rMeHHo Ha aH-

rponouopQu3Me ocHoBaHa gMorlr{oHaJrbHafl rlHTeHcr{BHocrb orHorre-Hr,r{ xyAoxH}rubr K nlrulS. Cueprr plr6or uo4po6no onrrcbrBaerc.rrB nl4cbMe r loHvapoaofi, or 7 ceura6px. Osu 6suu paccrpoeHbr, rp.flc-rr4cb, Tqxeno Abrrxanr{, y uux 6ru yxac B rJra3ax u, rrro BaxHo, cMo-rpenr4 Hapyxy, B Harrr rvflrp. Moxuo cqrrrarb, irro KoHrlenr AByx Mr,r-

poB - 3TO He TO.rrbKO Mr{p BHyTpr{ rr BHe aKBapr{yMa, Ho TaKXeu gsoit:aat r.r[ocracb caMbrx pu6ox: rrx rreJroBeKono4o6uoe u oAHoBpe-MeHHO OBerrIeCTBneHHOe CyUeCTBOBaHr4e.

Aarenfl xypHara <.Klrso-0or,> (1922 1923) A.nerces lana <.Koncrpyxru-svr3M,> llaHl922).,4 <,f. sasera ce6e aKBap[oM c xuraficruuu prr6raruu r4 rracaMr4 ua6nroAaro rax

XI{3Hb)>.l5 <.Y HI,IX rna3a Kpyrl4Tc.g KaK y qeJIoBeKa)>.

l6 <,OHrl crpalrHo.nrc6ur cr,rpoe Mffco Ir Aep)"T ero noqrr4 irro r43 pyKr4,>.l7 4(...) caMat Ma.rreHbKaR, ra xoropax 6rua:to6onr, canroro 6o;t uoro KpacaBrla>>.lrl <.Tolrxo pu6ru uoe flepBbre yMepnv Bce>.

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HrIX, HeAoHocKoB, Bbrrrrlbrrxeii, ypo4qer, gereri or nopovuofi cBff3r,r c oilt(,il13:I74 l75leii Tperr,rtrorrfi [cru.'raxxl

Pomrc xusorHr,rx B opHaMeHTe gaHr4Marr{c6 MHorr,re aBTopr,r [crr,r., uanpurvrr,l,Trilling 2003: 154-7591.Orcyrcraue nprMl,rx Bbrc*a3brBaHilft o6,nn.,'"ercs, reM, qro KoHcrpyKt,'r,, r^r

rlotBJlterct roJIBr(o B caMoM KoHIIe XI43HI4 3arrOsoli, - BnepBble 1'('rr(,Ilrt.o$rarlzanuro o6osHa.reHo B KHvre reoperr4xa KoHcrpyKTlrBx3Ma, a riuor((' , I

13

K crarue Tolraura fnanqa K ctatre Touarua Inanqa

1. P.3amrcoea.flvtx t

1913 1915 rr.Mectouaxox4errrr,HCI43BECTHO.

Penpo4yxrlrl-a lrr A 1

MapnHerrz (Mrrrr '

2. P.3amrcoea.Eeg Hagganlrr.

[Jlau4uaQr Eirrr, ,,,

ocrpononl. lyirrrlHa 6yrraare, 3.3 " .'tOxoro 19111 r'

9acrna.fl KOJIr('r ,

3. P.3amrcoea. Eeg naesaHr4a. [flapx].X., m., 64'55. 1913 1915 rr.Yacrnag Konnexrlrrr.

4. P.3amrcoea. Eapan(YyncrneuHocrb, rrryMbr upurMuqecKr4e cz-rrr,r rapaua).Cxylrnrypa, cMerrraHbre Marepr4anr,r,Bbrcora 100 cu. 1916r.He coxpann-rracr. Penpo4ynqzatts tr4cure1oyarerbcxoro rrHcrrlTyralerrlr (IIoc-AH4xenec).

*".

332 Touaw fnau4 (Beptuu / Ilpaza)

Pu6xr.r rpaKryrorcr, c oAHoft cropoHbr, KaK o6naAarc[Ir4e rrenoBe-qecKr4M co3HaHVeM - o6cyx4aercfl r,rx oAkrHoKocrb B r.rrxKr4ft vac (nceprr6xra yM;ztpanu B oAr4HoqecrBe rr nocneAHuM yrrren Kpacaneq, caMbrrlcnmsrrfi n caMbrrz s4oponrni...), c 4pyrorZ cropoHbr, oHrz rpaKryrorcflKaK COBepTXeHHO HeoAyrrreBrreHHbre - KaK MeTanlr4qecKr4e, rrJraBaro-IIIIae cpeAr4 r43yMpyAHbrx pacreuurZ [rau xe: 1991. Av6uBaneHrHyro,rrynbcr4pyroqyrc cyrb pr,r6ox, Bocnpr4Hr4MaeMbrx Ha rpaHr,r MexAy Mr4-poM xl4Bbrx cyrqecTB I4 Ber4ecTBeHHbIM, IIoqTr4 TeXHI,ITIeCKT{M OpHaMeH-ToM, TorrHo Bblpaxaer 3aMerraHr4e 3arxoeorz, \rro oHr,r flepnaMyrpoBbre

[rau Ne: 198-199]. Erulr lrueneM rpr{rararerrbHbrM flBHo B repByroorrepeAb Bbrpaxaerc.s ux rlBer r,r $arcrypa, Ho oAHoBpeMeHHo vr caMacyrb rrepJraMyrpa coorBercrByer 4noficrreuHorZ xouqenqnu prr6oxr4 r,rx penpe3eHTarlr4lr, BeAb nepnaMyrp, BHyrpessnfi clorl paKoBr4HMonnrocKoB, flB.rl.rleTc.rr opraHr{Ko-HeopraHurlecKl4M KOMIO3r{TOM.

MeraQopurca role6aHz.s MexAy opraHuqecxorZ ra HeopraHra.{ecxor?npupo4orl prr6or, rorrHee - orHorxeHu.rr K Hr4M n cneqr.rQuvecxoMrBoprrecKoM rroAxoAe 3arrosoft , [poAonxaer cs Arrrt4axe ycyry6lner-cfl ee 3aMer{aHr4eM, qro ycu pu6ox - KopannoBoro rlBera. Hanouuzu,rrTo Kopann - 3To MaTepl{an cKeJreTa, ero r.rraBHafl cocTaBJrsroqafl -rap6onar Kanbrlr{.fl (za xoroporo cocrotrr raxxe MpaMop, Men, cxop-rynu nnq), Ho oH oAHoBpeMeHHo coAepxr4r oKoJro 1 o/o opraHraeecKoroBerrlecrBa, vepHuZ Kopann Aaxe [orrrr4 rroJrHocrbro opraHrzqeH.

PacrurerlHufi urap y 3arxonorZ raxxe rpaKryercfl KaK norpaHrdrr-HrIfi rraex4y BI4TalbHbrMt4 cvraMv, AnHaMu3MoM pocra, AktKocrr,I, [pr4-poAHoro cnoeo6pasna - n orqyxAeHHbrMlr y3opaMr,r opuaueHra. 3ar-KoBa rrlrtlrer, qro KpoMe prr6or y Hee eqe ecrb rlBerbr, Koropbre.ff Bnsrorc.s raKvtMnxe cr4nbHbrM:r,, KaK a pu6rn. ConorynHocrr pu6ox,qBeroB (r,r nven) npr4cyrcrByer raKxe B yrBepxAeHr{rl, erqe pa3 noA-r{epKr4BaroqeM r4x craryc B [orpaHuqHor? eoHe MexAy Berubro - Mexa-Hr4r{ecKI,IM yKparrreHueM - }r x}rBbrM, co3HaTelrbHblM opraH}r3MoM.B nucrue r loHvaponotl 3arxosa 3aMer{aer, rrro oHa, Br{Ar,rMo, pacnon-ueer (us-sa rtocroqHHoro npueMa uorHofi nuqra), n conpoBoxAaerery raHQopivraqr{rc HaMeKoM Ha cBoe o.4r4HoqecrBo 14 rrpeAMer cBoeror,rHrepeca B 3oHe MexAy cy6rexrraeHocrbro 14 o6nercrusHrrrau o6cro.fl-TeJrbcrBaMr4: <.florHora HeBaxHa, TaK KaK pacreHr,rfl, pu6xu r{ rqelrbruaAo uHorl cMesrbcfl He craHyr>> [rarvr xe: 199]. Ilpornoa, xcraru, c6u-Baercfl, r4 AeBqrbro AHflMvr ro3xe, 17 4exa6pn 1916 rola, 3arKosa nu-uer llapuouoBy, r{ro rrorolrHe.na Ha BoceMb Kr4norpaMM u 4o6aetner:ToJIbKo pu6xn 3Haror, <<Ha qro t troxoxa>> [rarr,r xe: 199].

Bosnpaqa.acb K ApaMe yMvpan;z,n pu6ox, MoxHo B raKoHr4irHoMcoo6qeunz B nr{cbMe ycMorperb crrMrrroMarr,rvurni nonopor or Mop-Ta-rrbHoro acneKTa, ror4a pu6rv BbrcrynarcT HarnflAHbrMr4 HoclrreJrfl-

<,Eapan-Tapat>>, pbt6Ku u KremKo dna rcanapefircu... 333

Mlr cMeprr{ yHr4KanbHoro cyqecrBa, K r4HCTpyMeHTanbHoMy acneKTy,

KorAa oHu rIr4IIrb 3aMeHr.rrurrri uarepvan v opHaMeHT: <<Terrepb y MeH.r

HoBbre prr6xu. MHe B.naAs Lrx [pr4Be3. Xopouro HoBbre, Ho r4 crapbrxxaJrb> [rau Ne: 204].

OvaponarelbHoe.necHoe o3epo, B KoropoM rrnbrByr pu6rr, [pnc]"r-crByer B nepe[ucKe 3arxosoft Iz B nocneAH]re Mec.flrlbr ee x]r3Hlr, KorAaoHa xr{Jra B ceJre Jlorirau B Tr4ponbcKr.rx Amnax.

KouqeHrpnpoBaHHbrM BbrpaxeHr{eM rro3r{rlr4r4 3arKosoft , B Koro-poft o4HoepeMeHHo r.r flp]rcyrcrByror 14 craBflrcs troA coMHeHue sJre-

MeHTbr QyrypncrravecKorl DcrerlrKlr r4MeHHo B rronb3y opHaMeHraJrb-Horo npl4Hllr,rra, MoxHo cr{}rrarb ee pa6ory 1913 rona, Ha3BaHHyro<.MarsopKa'>1e. Era pa6ora 3aocrpfler reHAeHrllrr{, Ha6ruoAaeruue14 B Apyrl4x Kaprl4Hax roro xe flepnoAa (crvr., nanpurvrep,vnn.2u3).HaKaprr4He <Malropxa,> AepeBbfl, oflyHrltrr4, necoK ]r KaMHr.r flepe[nera-IOTC.fl B y3ope, pacrBop.flrorqeM npeAMerHyro pelpe3eHTarr4BHocrb14 oAHoBpeMeHHo ycKoJrb3arorleM or [porpaMMHbrx rro3r4rlnrZ reoue-rpuvecrorl a6ctpax4uu vnv MynbrvnepcneKruBHocrn ry6naua. PuruI,r HarrpfxeHue rcxnoft npupoAbr xyAoxHr4rla Boc[por,r3BoAr4r, roqHeeco3Aaer, c rroMorrlbro rrecrporo na6opa reflJlbrx KpacoK B KoMno3r,rur{u,Koropafl Morra 6lr cqr.rrarbcf AoBeAeHHor? 4o xpariHocrr{ gcreruKofiMI4pI{cKycHI4roe (nanpltrvrep, Ileoua Earcra - Ho He ero QuryparrrBHbrxpa6or, a gcKr43oB 4eropaqnrZ rc 6anety <,[aQHrac u XJrofl'> rarlr <.lllexe-pesa4a>) 14 oAHoBpeMeHHo npax4e6Horl peaxquerl na Qyrypucron (cxa-xeM, Ha pa6orsr lasn1a Eypnrora nepnoft ro.rroBr,rHbr 1910-x ro4on).OpuaueHrart{3M KaK opraHr43yroqnrZ npraHrlrzn [pucyrcrByer raKxen pa6ore, Koropafl I43BecrHa Jrr.rrrrb rro peflpoAyKrlr4arr,r (opuruua]r Her{3-necteH), Ho oHa raKxe Bo3Hr,rKJra B, l9I3 roAy 14 Ha3brBaercfl <.Aero-rloprper>. Iorosa, peAyKrIr,roHr{crcKr{ noAr{epKr4Baroqa.fl r.rraBHbre

rfopnarr r4 qeprbr, BHerrrHe HarroMr4Haer vyrr 6olee uosAHur:r <.lloprperAsHu AxMarosorZ,> pa6orrr Harasa AlrruaHa (1914). Ho orsocu-reJrbHo correraHr4.fl rrpocrbrx rrepr, Bbrpaxarcqr4x KoHTypbr QrarypurI ee B3rl.nA, c Sonorvr, Ha KoropoM Dra nor{Tr{ KaprznarypHafl rexHrlranprrHopoBneHa K MoAepHr4crcKr,r r,rHcrleHr4poBaHHoMy npoQunro,

l9 Xyloxnlrua npoBoArrna nero Ha Ea.neapcKr4x ocrpoBax r.r, cneAoBarenbHo, Bo3-MoxHo nocerlr.na Poccuto. OAnaro o6 ocyruecrn.neHr,rr4 3anJraHrlpoBaHHoro Ey-rerrrecrBr,rr Her o,4Ho3HaqHbrx AoKa3are;rrcrn [Pomajzlov6 20l7a; 33]. Teope-Tr4rlecKr4 ona s Mocxne MorJra BfiAerr, BbrcraBKy lon.raporoit, cxopee Bcero,yxe 3aKoHr{unacb atrpenbcKa.fl Br,rcraBKa Konnexrlt4r4 JIapuoHoBa, co.qepxarlaflr4KoHbr, ry6ox, <,exaorilqecrr{e> tlpor.r3BeAeHr4fl - flfloHcKrre, rrepcr,rAcKrre, Ta-rapcKr4e r4 Ap.

,-

K crarre Touaua fianqa

5. P.Samrcoea. Eapan(9yncrseHHocrb, IIIyMrI LI

pr4TMrlr{ecKr4e cu.nu rapaua).Cxymrrypa, cMeIIIaHr'IeMarepr4anbr, Bbrcora 100 cu.1916 r. He coxpaHzracr.Penpo4yrqlra lr3 ApxilBaMaplruemu (Mrrnan).

6. P. 3 amrco e a. Pnrlurqecxue CI,IJIII

nnxr (lrs qlrKna <<OqyueHl4rpacreuzii'>). Oxono 1915 r.MecroHaxox4eHIle Hez3BecrHo.

Penpo4yrrlur us ApxrznaMaplruerrn (Murau).

334 Touaw ltnn4 (Bepnun / Ilpaza)

3arrosa KyAa 6onee palivKanbHa. qeM ee poBecHr,rx, HaraH l4caenu\.Ha anronoprpere 3arxonoli, s orJrr{rrr4e oi a^ruauoncxorz xaprzurr,coBceM ser 6rna, Her cpeAbr, Hr4*a*lrx [oprperHbrx peKBrr3r4roB. lolo_Ba norpyxeHan aurcuftpacrnreJrbHblrz opHaueur, xoropruz craBur noAcoMHeHve I,lepapxuro nepBoro t4 Broporo nnaHa.

opHauernarraglr 3arxosoli, necoruneHHo, MoxHo corocraBnflrbc nprzHrlr4rraMr4, KOTopbre pasBvBann ronvapora z Jlapuouon, oco6es-HO yr{I4TbrBa.fi 6rusroe K Hr,rM orHorleHze 3irros oftu^ftaxeee yrBepx-AeHr4e, qro oHa ce6s. cwraer yveHuqeri Jlapnonoaa. Ho npznqznn_anbHyro pa3Hr.rqy MoxHo BnAeTb B reHeaJrolnpr, KopHgx u Ha3HaqeHVuopHaMeHra. Ecnn 4ta pyccKr4x xyAoxHr4roB (rcoropux HeJrb3.fl, KoHeq_Ho, paccMarpnBarb KaK oAHy e4lzHvtrly, Ho aHanr43 pastutnfiMexAy r4xxyAoxecrBeHHbrMr.r rroAxoAaMn BbrxoArzT 3a paMKu uacroxqzx coo6_paxeHzfi ) oIIp eAenfl rorq eit ss nser cfl, rrepeocMbrcneHHa.fl r4KoHOnr4CbIr HapoAHoe (..npnMzrzsH6s>) ucxyccrro ly6xa-6 arataHa,ro 4la 3a_TXOSOfi HI,I OAI,IH Ug STVIX NPI,IHIII4NOB HE.flBJI,flCTC.fl CTEPXHCBbIM. MOX-Ho cKa3arb, rrro xyAoxHzqa ocno6oxAaer opHaMeHr or ero poAocnoB_uofiusugur ero KpearlrBHyro clrny s carvror,r 6aHaJrbHoM onpy*uto,qal,tee ua6ope r,rMnynbcoB, B Koropbre BXoA.flT npexAe Bcero 3Beplr, nec,pacreHnfl., He ropr43oHT, a 6tuzxas' AeraJrbHo rpaKryeMas cpeAa, Ha_npr4Mep laH4uraQr.

c erori TorrKrz 3peHzfl MoxHo aHanu3rrpoBarb 14 oArrH r43 caMbrxMoHyMeHranrsux o6rerroB xyAoxHr{rlbr _ ee <.TapaH> 7976 ro1a(utn. 4 u 5).

Onpaa4aHze v, pea6ntmraqttefi, purvr KaHoHusa4uefi z uopllQvrca_quefi opHai'reHra ncropuKr,r t4cKyccrBa, fi uraBHbrM o6pasou ratpar"*,apxlrreKrypbt, saHvrMarrvtcb c pa3Hbrx noatrquli yxe c cepeAr.tHbrXX eexa. Ynoulrnanze HecKoJrbKr{x roqe* onopbr arolz 4nrznnb fi gvtc-Kyccr4rr, o xoropolZ 6u.uo sanzcaHo MHoro monorpa$Vfi, He o3Har{aerHr'rlrero 60-nrllrero, qeM Mr4HnMarzcrcrufi HaMeK Ha HacbrIrIeHHOe npo-TI4BOPEIII4BbIMI4 TE3[CAMI4 NOJIC, B KOTOPOE 3ArrONA BCTYTIAET CO CBO}IMy6ex4euzeu B KpearrlBHoit curre ro4ep""crcKoro opHaMeHra. I,1 ouano-cBoeMy peanr{3yer sror rrpr.rHrlLtn, xoroprili HeoAHOKparHo oKa3br-Banc.fl npeAMeroiu pea6ur vfi ar\vtn.

,{NoH PdcxuH, BAoxHoBltrelr npepa$a3lrnroB, s csoeri xylrronorZKHnre <.CeMr cseroqerZ apxnreKrypbr> (1g49) yrru^urn

"ier cBfl3b

OPHAMEHTA CO CqACTbCM. OPHAUCUT AJI.'I HETO flBNfrCTCg, HC BHEIIIHITMyxp arxeHr,reM, a flp*'M, npoH3lrrenbHbrM Bbrp axeHr,reM yAOB OnbcrB 14'[Ruskin 2007:228]. Kax pas npr{Hrlr.rr nru"ofi ,p"n"o"*r, n p r^rirn_qlrn opHaMeHra xapaxTepeH Anfl 3arxosoft. OneH {xouc, reoperr4l{Aec.rrrbrc roAaMr{ craprxe Pecrusa n, B orrkrtil4e or HarypaJrr{crcxr4x

<,Bapau-Tapax>>, pbt6Ku u KnemKa dtn rcanapeilrcu., 335

[peAiloqreHufi nroporo, Boc[pr.rHr,rMarcquft opHaMeHT KaK .rrBlreHr4e

coBpeMeHHoro 4rasaftHa 14 rrpoMbrrxlreHHoro yp6aHr,rarraa, flB.rrfferc.fl, rro-xatryfi, repBbrM aBropoM, xoroprul paspa6oran rpaMMaruKy opHa-MeHTa. Cxronnocrr x QlrxcuponaHr,rro HeyJroBrlMbrx uanpxNeuuft rr,ra-

Teplav rrpo.flBn.rrerc.fl B TBopirecrBe 3arxosorl Bo3BparrleHr4eM

K HeKoropbrM MorvBaM (nraxru, napKr4, neepoo6pa:nue Qopnau) z nxcr,rcreMarr,r3 arlurr, Koropa fl flBrrrer cfl rrap aAoxcanrHoft , ran xax ruo6o e

Lt3 orvrx nnlenvfi. Anf Hee - eArrHlrllHo. B cnoerZ rnr,Ire <.lpauMarr{KaopHaMeHra> (1855, 1868) OneH,{xoHc nocre se6orbrrroro BBeAeHr4fl

cpa3y nepexoAlrr K cr,rcreMaTr,rqecKoMy r43yqeHr.{rc opHaMeHTarrbHoroTBopqecrBa Hrqvqafl c <<AI4KI,rx nJIeMeH>> (<.Ornament of savage tribes'>)

fiones 1910]. OpHarueur apxerunuireH, B HeM 3aJroxeHbr ApeBHr,reKynbrypHbre xo4u. Tax,6esycronHo, BcneA 3a - vru BMecre c - lou-.rapororZ u llapuouorbrM cqr{raJra u 3arxosa. forrQpra4 3eunep u4ereqe Aanbrxe B HarrpaBneHnr{ orMeHbr ueraQr.rannu opHaueHra. ErorraoHorpaQnn 1860 rola, [ocB.rrqeHHafl cr]rJrro n orrr4paroqaflcfl rrpe-xAe Bcero Ha opHaMeHr B reKcrr.{Jrbmofi o6nacru (unaeuuo oHa AonxHa6Hra nosrraflrb Ha A4olrQa Jlooca) npeAnaraer paccMarpr,rBarb opHa-MeHr B ero rexHr4rrecKoM, QyHrrluoHanbHoM r{3MepeHurz [Semper1860]. OpHaueHr B aroM rroHr,rMaHrrr,r - KoHcrpyKrvrBHafl. seo6xoAr,r-Mocrb. VIcropurcu apxurexrypbr cqr4rarcr 3eunepa reoperr4KoM, Koro-puri uurerreKryanbHo orKpbrn npo6leuaruKy opHaMeHra Anf MoAep-Hr{3Ma. Pa:yueercR, Anfl MoAepHa KoHrIa XIX - Haqara XX seranoHa4o6uracb reopus, o6racHarcrqaa uoqurrrZ noAbeM npecruxaopHaMeHra, ero sorororir nex. Taxyro KoHrlenryanbHyro ocHoBy cQop-Mynr{poBan, KpoMe npoqux, Arous Puur, aBrop KHr4ru <.Bonpocucrvrl.s:> [Riegel 1893], n xoropori opHaMeHr rpaxryercfl aHrporroJroru-qecKl4, KaK ecrecrBeHHa.fl, r{cKoHHa.fl r,r KoHTr4HyarrbHafl. norpe6Hocrr,qeJIoBeKa u ero KynbrypHbrx ycrpeM nelr.ni't.

B ruo4epHusMe, KaK r{3BecrHo, opHaMeHr 6ur npouar A4onr,QorvrIloocorvt. lIog, wrumuneu Qperl4rasMa oH BuTAlaT B opHaMeHre <<nper{3-

6rnxu > ..Uberschiissigkeiten > (crra. ecce <. Opnauenr r.r ttpe cryrrneHr4e )>

[Loos 1962]). Ha npo4nunyrofi cra4nvr KynbrypHoro pa3Br,rrrr.fl opHa-MeHr, rro lloocy, orrraAer, ou 6yler BbrrecHeH rrporpeccoM vsny6nuu-Horo npocrpaHcTBa, craHer HeHyxHbrM, iracrHbrM penr4nToM. Orcyr-crBr4e opHaMeHTa 3HaK Ayxonuoft cvtrrbt. Eea roro, qro6paccMarplrBarb npoAonxeHr{e nyreli reoperr.rqecKoro ocMbrcJreHr{fl

opHaMeHra B MbrrrureHr,ru Eenr.suuHa, A4opno, Xa6eprr,raca lrlu lorr.r-

6puxa, Koropbre ilucatil4 Ha 3ry reMy yxe nocne cMepru 3arxosoft,ocraHoBr,rMcs sa :aa6no1eHvtv, r{To 3Ta xyAoxHr.rua [pr{HaAnexanaK rrucny Kpururrecxux I,r HeoproAoKca./rbHbrx rrpeAcraBr4Te.reft ananrap-Aa,vB cnyqae opHaMeHra aro npoflBnnocb B ee cso6oAHol{ r,r npoAyK-

336 Touaw f.tran4 (Bepnun / Ilpaza)

TTIBHOM O6PAqCTTUZ C OPHAMEHTAJIbHbIMII [PI{HUI4NAMI4, KOTOPbIC IE-HCPIZPOBANV B EC XYAOXECTBEHHOII IIPAKTIIKC YH}IKANbHbIC COiIETAHUflcMexHbrx rrpr4eMoB.

zueguo B BorrbHoM KoM6r4HupoBaHlrr{ crparerr{ru cocrofln a cvmaee aHTrrAorMarr{rrecKoro aBaHrap4kt3Ma. oro oco6eHso .flpKo Bbrpaxe-HO B OAHOM r43 ee rleHTparrbHbrx npor43BeAeHnfi, uazsaHue Koroporor'r3-34 rrfpbr c./roB cror4r rlr4Tr,rpoBarb rro-qerxcKlr: <.Beran (Senzibilita,hluky a rytmick6 sily beranidla),, - <.Eapan (yyrcrneuHocrb, rxyMbru pr'rrMr4qecKne cvrl"r rapaua)> (1916). Morr4s prrrMa, roqHee plrrMr4-qecKux cr4Jr, cBf3brBaer npor43BeAeHne c <,pllrtunqecKlrMtr cvraMvtrrr{xr> (um. 6) roro xe roAa, KaK CrrpaBeAn}rBo saMeqaer floMarzsrosa[Pomajzlov6 207Ia:57], go6azntfl, qro ec-ru B rrr4xrax na neparuZ uauBbrxoAfr npr'rpoAHbre cpilrbr, ro B cnrrae 6apaua-rapaHa 3ro MorlrB Ma-IIII4HbI I,I qCIOBCIICCXOft 4CATCITHOCTI{. TAXOC HA6ruOAEHI4C IIOH.'ITHO,HO COOTBeTCTByeT xapaKTepy [por43BeAeHnfl rr],1.rrrb qacrz.+ro. Bo-

Hr.rfl BonpeKr{ npen.flTcrBr,r.rrM, flpeoAoJreBa_fl, pa3pyrr]afl 3Tr,r npenflT_cTBVtfl, TO CO CJTOBOM .,6apaH" cBflSaHbr Apyrr4e KoHHOTaTIVU. EapaH _X}IBOTHOC, POACTBCHHUK I{ KPACHbIX PU6Orc V3 OPHAMCHTAITHOI;KoMno3HrII,ru, t4 KorrreK, rcosH, co6ar, KopoBbr, o6esrqHH r{3 rrepenr{cKrr3arKosorl. flpyroft saxHHr; MoMeHT - oH HarroMr4Haer Marrrr4Hy, r4MeH-Ho Ha gry ero qepry o6parun BHr,rMaHlre Mapnuemz, Ha3brBa.s npou3_BeAeHI,Ie <.Mauuua-rapaH> [rau ]Ke 62120. OrAelr,uue cr4Jrbr B npous-BeAeHr{t4 ro AononHsror Apyr Apyra, ro co3Aaror HarrpsxeHrrep a3HopoAHo crbro cB ot4 x rrcroKoB r{ npo.fl BneHu rz. K raHreprraeAn aJIbHo -uy nos4ericrnnrc o6rerra, coAepxaqero n rxyM, 14 cuny, Lr qyBcrBeH-Hocrb, MoxHo togoinn c pa3Hbrx cropoH He ro.[bxo B np.sMoM, npo_CTPAHCTBEHHOM CMbICJIE, HO I{ C TOqKU 3PCHVff ZCTOTIHI4KOB TEX CI{/I,

CIAX. B KOMNO3I4III4I,I, KOTOPYrc MOXHO PACCMATPI4BATb B KOHCTPYKTI.I-

<,Bapan-Tapau>>, pbtdKu u KremKa )tn xanapeilrcu... 337

Br{crcxoM (Qyrypnctuvecxoira) Krloqe, paKyInKL rlpeAcraBnflIor Apy-roe, qyxoe, KaMeHb rrperKHoBeHnfl, o}In I{3 I'lHOrO MHpa, OHI,I 14 eCTb

errle oAr4H rapaH, p a3pyuarcqut? roruoresuocrb KoMrIo3 u4vtu. Bzt tttgHa [pov3BeAeHr{e czap,r42r cyqecrBeHHo pac[llpfler npeAcraBneHl{e

o ponn paKyrrreK B rrpoI,I3BeAeHI{I4; OKa3bIBaeTCq, rIrO paKyIXKI,I He

ToJrbKo c nepe4ueft, Ho II c eaAuell cropoHbl npunvilnv K ocHoBHoMy

rery 6apana. Our.r, raKlIM o6pasorr,r, He MenKoe yKpaIneHI,Ie c nepe4ueftcropoHbr o6renra, a ero caMoctosremHuft cloft, rconQlnrryrcqnftc ocranbHbrM v .vracr flM:z- rrpor43BeAeH r4fl, u cosrarotqnll co6crreHHylo ce-

MaHrr,rKy, 6rusxylo nepnaMyrpoBblM I4 Kopan.IIoBbIM MorIlB aM orHo cll -

re.rrbHo opHaMeHranruoft xoucrpyKuuv <.KpacHue pu6xu>.<.Eapag-TapaH>> BbIflB./I.fl er caMocroflTeJlbHocrb xyAoxecrBeHHoro

MbrrrrJr eHr.rs, [onb3ylo qeroca n QyrypI,I3MoM, I4 opHaMeHTaJIbHo crblo,u a6crpanrHbrM Ar,rHaMI,IqecKI{M o6rercroivt KaK perlepryapoM, HI4 B oA-HoM rryHKre Koroporo He 3acrpeBaer I4 He I4AeoJlorlt3l4pyer ero. flogro-My rqxena.fl Queuvecraa nracca (npou3BeAeHne He coxpaHl,Inocb, I'I oero roqHoM reitcrsvv MoxHo AoraAblBarbcfl JII,IIIIb Ha ocHoBe rforo-rpaQurZ) [por{BBoAr4T TaKoe JrerKoe, [orrrl,r nerslllee (nnlr nnsrnyqee?)BneqaTreHue.

Jlzreparypa

Aprer'roe 2013 - Apmeuoe B. Mr.rrfu n rpeAaHl4s cJIaBflH. Mocrsa, 2013.

lalr1922 - lau A. Koucr:pyxruauwlTyepu1922.

Kpycanon 2070 - Kpycanoe A. Pyccrufi aBaHrapA: B 3 r. Mocxsa, 2010. T. 1: Eo-eBoe Aecfl rr4Jrerve. KI1,. 7-2.

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