B Sc 2015-16.pdf - Avinashilingam University

Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women

Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India

B. Sc. Botany

(With Language & English for 4 Semesters)

Scheme of Instruction & Examination

(For students admitted from 2015-16 & onwards)

Part Subject

Code Name of paper/component

Hours of

Instruction/week/

week

Scheme of examination

Theory Practicals Duration

of exam

CIA CE Total Credit

First Semester

I 15BLT001/

15BLH001/

15BLF001

Tamil - Ilakkiyam I-Ilakkanam

Ilakkiya varalaru /Hindi –Prose

and non-detailed texts /French-I

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

II 15BLE001 English Language Through

Literature - I

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

III Core Courses

15BBOC01 Morphology of flowering plants 4 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC02 Algology and Mycology

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

15BBOC03 Practicals I –Morphology and

primitive plants

- 3 3 50 50 100 2

15BBOI01 Discipline specific Elective

Course

DSE-I Non-Chordates and

Chordates (Zoology)

4 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOI02 DSE-I Practicals I - Non-Chordates and

Chordates (Zoology)

3 3 50 50 100 2

Games - 1 - - - - -

Second Semester

I 15BLT002/

15BLH002/

15BLF002

Tamil Ilakkiyam II-Ilakkanam

Ilakkiya varalaru - /Hindi –

Grammar, Translation and

General Essay/ French-1I

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

II 15BLE002 English Language Through

Literature – II

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

III Core Courses

15BBOC04 Bryophyta and Pteridophyta 5 - 3 50 50 100 4

15BBOC05 Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany 4 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC06 Practicals II – Non- vascular and

vascular plants

- 3 3 50 50 100 2

15BBOI 03 Discipline specific Elective

Course

DSE-II Developmental Zoology

and Animal Physiology

(Zoology)

4

- 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOI 04 DSE-II Developmental

Zoology and Animal Physiology

Practicals II (Zoology)

- 3 3 50 50 100 2

Games - 1 - - - - -

Third Semester

I 15BLT003/

15BLH003/

15BLF003

Tamil – Ilakkiyam III-Ilakkanam

Ilakkiya varalaru /Hindi –

Ancient and modern Poetry

/French-1II

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

II 15BLE003 English Language for

Communication-I

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

III Core Courses

15BBOC07 Anatomy and Embryology 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC08 Taxonomy and Economic

Botany

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

15BBOC09 Practicals III - Diversity of

Angiosperms

- 5 3 50 50 100 2


Course

DSE-III Computer Applications

in Botany (Botany)

2 3 3 50 50 100 4

Fourth Semester

I 15BLT004/

15BLH004/

15BLF004

Tamil – Ilakkiyam IV-Ilakkanam

Ilakkiya varalaru /Hindi

Introduction to Functional Hindi

and Journalism/French-1V

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

II 15BLE004 English Language for

Communication –II

5 - 3 50 50 100 4

III Core Courses

15BBOC10 Genetics 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC11 Plant Physiology and Biometrics 5 - 3 50 50 100 4

15BBOC12 Practicals IV- Genetics and Plant

Physiology

- 3 3 50 50 100 2


Course

DSE-IV Chemistry theory for

Botany (Chemistry)

(Chemistry)

4 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOI 07 Chemistry Practicals for Botany

(Chemistry)

- 3 3 50 50 100 2

Project during Summer Vacation

Fifth Semester

I Core Courses

15BBOC13 Cell Biology 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC15 Molecular Biology 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC15 Microbiology 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC16 Phytopathology 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC17 Practicals V - Cell Biology,

Microbiology and

Phytopathology

- 5 3 50 50 100 2

15BBOC18 Organic Farming (Self study) 1 - 3 100 - 100 4

15BBOC19 Botany (Computer based test)

- - 1 - 100 100 2

15BBOC20 Project 100 - 100 4

Generic Elective Course 2 - 3 100 - 100 2

Sixth Semester

Core Courses

I 15BBOC21 Plant Biochemistry 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC22 Plant Biotechnology 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC23 Plant Genetic Engineering 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC24 Environmental Studies 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC25 Evolution and Bioinformatics 5 - 3 50 50 100 3

15BBOC26 Practicals VI - Plant

Biochemistry and Ecology

- 3 3 50 50 100 2

Total Credits 130

PART IV Components Part A. Ability Enhancement Courses

I. Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC)

5

15BAES01

Environmental Studies 2

1

4 15BSCS01/

15BSSS01

Communication Skill-I /

Soft Skill-I 3 - Remarks 2

5 15BSCS02/

15BSSS02

Communication Skill-II/

Soft Skill-II 3 - Remarks 2

II. Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)

Any

Semester

between 2

and 5

Value Added Course

40 hours duration Remarks

1

By the end

of 4

semester

Co-curricular courses

Add on certificate /

Quantitive Aptitude

/Certificate Courses -

Gandhian

studies/Ambedkar

Studies / Women

Studies/General

awareness/Verbal and

Non Verbal Reasoning

-

-

Remarks

1

B. Extra Curricular Course

I,II, III

&IV

15BXNC01/

15BXNS01/

15BXSP01

NCC/ NSS/Sports

(representing the

University)

-

-

Remarks

1

Total credits 8

Total credits to earn the degree

1. Part I, II&III components 130

2. Part IV components 8

-----------

Total 138 credits

-----------

Others Courses offered by the Department

Discipline Specific Electives

1. 15BZOI04 - DSE- I Diversification of Plants (to Zoology students) – III Semester

2. 15BZOI05 - DSE-I Practicals I Diversification of Plants (to Zoology students) - III

Semester

3. 15BZOI06 - DSE- II Structure, Function and General Principles (to Zoology

students) – IV Semester

4. 15BZOI07- DSE- II Practicals II- Structure, Function and General Principles (to

Zoology students)- IV Semester

Generic Elective Course

15BBOO01 Herbal Cosmetics

Value Added course

15BBOV01- Mushroom cultivation

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Semester I Hours of Instruction/week: 4

15BBOC01 No. of credits: 3

Objectives: To enable the students,

To know the structure and modifications of plant parts.

To gain knowledge about the reproductive system of plants.

To understand different types of germinations.

Unit 1 Root system

Structure of a flowering plant, Root system types -tap root and fibrous root. Root

modifications - tuberous, storage, anchorage, climbing and absorbing, epiphytic,

haustorial, floating, respiratory and assimilatory.

10

Unit 2 Shoot system

Shoot system- types of branching (monopodial and sympodial), twiners and climbers

(tendrils, hooks and thorns). Underground stems - root stock, rhizome, corm, tuber and bulb.

Aerial modification - cladodes and phylloclade. Leaf- shape and margin, arrangements-

simple and compound, venation – reticulate and parallel, modifications- scale leaf, phyllode,

leaf spine and leaf tendrils. Pitcher plant -Bladder wort and hetrophylly.

15

Unit 3 Inflorescence

Inflorescence types- racemose, panicle, corymb, spike, spadix, umbel, capitulum, catkin,

cymose, solitary, simple, dichasial, monochasial and polychasial. Special types-

hypanthodium, verticillaster, cyathium, thyrsus and fasicle. Flower symmetry-

actinomorphic, zygomorphic. Aestivation- types, androecium, torus and gynoecium.

Placentation- types.

15

Unit 4 Pollination

Pollination- Autogamy, allogamy, cleistogamous, hydrophily, anemophily, entomophily,

ornithophily. Fruit- fleshy, aggregate, multiple, dry indehiscent and dry dehiscent fruits.

10

Unit 5 Seed

structure, Seed- Dicot and monocot, exalbuminous and albuminous. Endosperm- ruminate,

perispermous, arillate and caruncle. Germination: Epigeal ( Bean), Hypogeal ( Bengal gram)

and Vivipary.

10

Total hours 60

Text books: 1. Shubhrata. R. Mishra. (2009). Morphology of plants. Discovery publishing house, New Delhi.

2. Singh, M.P. and A.K.Sarma. (2007). Text Book of Botany. Anmol publications PVT.LTD, New

Delhi.

3. Rajini Sharma. (2004). An Introduction to Plant morphology. Campus Books International,

4831/24, Prehlad street, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi.

4. Verma. V. (2010 . Botany, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. 1. Gordon Uno, Richard storey, Randy Moore. 2001. Priniciple of Botany, McGraw-Hill

Publishers Company. New Delhi. 2. Sundara Rajan. S. (2008). Practical manual of plant morphology. Anmol publications PVT.LTD,

New Delhi.

Algology and Mycology



Objectives: To enable the students.

To gain knowledge about the lower and primitive groups of plants.

To know about the evolutionary trends in plants.

To know about the causative organisms of various plant diseases and their control

measures.

Unit 1 Algae

Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae- Vegetative and cell structure, pigmentation, food

reserves and methods of reproduction of the following genera: Oscillatoria,

Chalmydomonas, Volvox, Chlorella, Oedogonium and Caulerpa.

20

Unit 2

Phaeophyceae and Phodophyceae - Vegetative and cell structure, pigmentation, food

reserves and methods of reproduction of the following genera: Vaucheria, Ectocarpus,

Dictyota and Polysiphonia. Economic importance of Algae.

20

Unit 3 Fungi

Classification of fungi (C.J. Alexopoulos). Structure and reproduction of the following

genera- Plasmodiophora, Albugo, Penicillium.

15

Unit 4

Basidiomycetes and Deutromycetes- Polyporus, Puccinia and Fusarium. Economic

importance of fungi.

10

Unit 5 Lichens

Lichens - Occurrence, classification, structure, reproduction and uses.

10

Total hours 75

Text books:

1. Singh, M.P. and A.K.Sh arma. (2002) .Text Book Of Botany. Anmol publication PVT, LTD.

New Delhi.

2. Mukherji, H. (2003). Plant groups. New central book Agency (P) LTD.

Reference books:

1. Mehrotra, R.S. and Aneja. (2003). An Introduction to Mycology. New age International (P)

LTD publishers.

2. Sundara Rajan, S.(2001).Introduction to Fungi Anmol publications PVT.LTD. New Delhi.

3. Swanton, K.W. (2002) . Fungi and how to know them. Surabhi publications, Jaipur, India

Practicals I- Morphology and Primitive plants



Morphology

Root system – root modifications

Shoot system

Inflorescence

Germination: Epigeal and Hypogeal

15

Algae- Oscillatoria, Chalmydomonas, Volvox, Chlorella, Oedogonium

and Caulerpa, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, Dictyota and Polysiphonia.

15

Fungi - Plasmodiophora, Albugo, Penicillium. Polyporus, Puccinia,

Fusarium

15

Total hours 45

Reference books:

1. Sundara S. Rajan (2003) Texbook of Practical Botany. Anmol Publications, PVT.LTD. New

Delhi.

2. Kumar, Ashok (2005)A textbook of practical botany.Vol. I. Rastogi Publications, Meerut

3. Dr Ashok Bendre Dr Ashok Kumar (2009) Practical Botany 1. Rastogi Publications, Meerut

4. S. Sundara Rajan (2000)Modern Practical Botany. Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited

LTD. New Delhi.

5. B. P. Pandey (2010) Modern Practical Botany Vol-I S. Chand and Company LTD. Ram

Nagar, New Delhi.

Bryophyta and Pteridophyta

Semester II Hours of Instruction/week: 5



To gain knowledge about the lower and primitive groups of plants.

To know about the evolutionary trends in plants.

Text books:

1. Pandey, B.P. (2010). College Botany. S. Chand and Company LTD. Ram Nagar, New

Delhi.

2. Johri, R.M. and Sandhya Sharma. (2009). Pteridophyta. Dominant publishers and

Distributors, New Delhi.

3. Singh, M.P.and A.K.Sharma. (2010) . Text Book of botany, Anmol Publications (P)

LTD. New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Chandrakantpathak. (2003). Pteridophyta. Dominant publishers and Distributors, New

Delhi.

2. Sundararajan, S.(2001) . Practical manual of Bryophyta, Anmol Publications (P) LTD.

New Delhi.

3. Chandrakantpathak. (2003). Bryophyta. Dominant publishers and Distributors, New Delhi

Unit 1 Bryophytes

Bryophytes- Classification, structure and reproduction of Riccia and Marchantia.

15

Unit 2

Bryophytes- A detailed study on the structure and reproduction of the following

genera:-Porella, Anthoceros and Funaria

15

Unit 3 Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes- General account on the structure and reproduction of Psilopsida –

Psilotum, Lycopsida – Lycopodium, Sphenopsida – Equisetum.

15

1

5

Unit 4

Pteridophytes- Stelar evolution, Heterospory and seed habit, Apospory and Apogamy

15

Unit 5

Pteridophytes- External and internal morphology, spore producing organs, structure and

development of prothallus, sex organs, development of embryo in Marsilea.

15

Total hours

75

Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany



Objectives: To enable the students:

To gain knowledge about the present living seed plants.

To know about fossils of ancient seed plants and their importance.

Text books:

1. Pandey, B.P. 2010).College Botany. S.Chand and Company LTD. Ram Nagar. New Delhi.

2. Bhatnagar, S.P.and Alok Moitra.(2009).Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) LTD,

Publishers.

3. Abiswas.C and Johri. B.M. (2002). Gymnosperms. Narose publishing House, New Delhi.

Chennai, Bombay, London.

Reference books:

1. Mukta Bhargava. (2010). Gymnosperm. Dominant publishers and Distributors, New

Delhi.

2. Gordon Uno, Richard storers and Randy moore. (2007). Priniciples of Botany. Boston

Burridge. New York

Unit 1 Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms- General characteristics, Classification, Comparison of Ferns and

Gymnosperms, Comparison of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and economic importance of

Gymnosperm

10

Unit 2 Cycadopsida and Coniferiopsida

Morphology, structure, anatomy and mode of reproduction and life histories of Cycas and

Pinus.

10

Unit 3 Gnetopsida

General Characteristics, structure, morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life history

of Gnetum.

20

Unit 4 Palaeobotany

Fossils and methods of fossilization, Geological time scale, elementary knowledge of

the computation of the age of fossils and radio- carbon dating.

10

Unit 5 Fossil forms

A brief study of the following fossil forms Rhynia, Lepidodendron and Williamsonia.

10

Total hours

60

Practicals II –Non - vascular and vascular plants



Bryophyta and Pteridophyta ,

Riccia , Marchantia Porella, Anthoceros , Funaria, Psilotum,

Lycopodium, Equisetum and Marsilea.

23

Gymnosperms and Paleobotany

Cycas , Pinus, Gnetum, Rhynia, Lepidodendron and Williamsonia.

22

Total hours 45

1. Sundara S. Rajan (2003) Texbook of Practical Botany. Anmol Publications, PVT.LTD.New

Delhi.


3. Dr Ashok Bendre Dr Ashok Kumar (2009) Practical Botany 1. Rastogi Publications, Meerut

4. B. P. Pandey (2010) Modern Practical Botany Vol-I S. Chand Company LTD. Ram Nagar.

New Delhi.

5. Santra, Das & Chatterjee College Botany Practical, Volume 2. New Central Book Agency (P)

Limited

Anatomy and Embryology

Semester III Hours of Instruction/week: 5


Objectives: To enable the students

To understand the internal structure of plant parts and their variations in developmental

stages.

To know the details about the recent trends in the development of plants.

Text books :

1. Ramesh Mathur and Mehta, (2002). Embryology. Anmol Publications (P) LTD. New

Delhi.

2. Rajni Sharma. (2004) . An Introduction to Plant Anatomy. Campus Book.

3. S.Sundara Rajan. (2003) Plant Anatomy and Embryology. Anmol Publications (P) LTD.

New Delhi.

Reference books:

2. 1. Gordon Uno, Richardstorey and Randy Moore. (2001) . Principle of Botany, McGraw

Hill Publishers Company. New Delhi.

Unit 1 The Tissue

The Tissue –Meristems- Classification, theories. Permanent tissues- Simple and

complex tissue. Secretory tissues

15

Unit 2 The Root and Shoot system

Structure, anatomy of dicot and monocot stem, root and leaf, differences between dicot

and monocot stem, root and leaf

15

Unit 3 Secondary growth

Secondary structure of root and stem. Anomalous secondary growth in Dracaena,

Boerhavia.

10

Unit 4 Pre fertilization changes

Microsporangium development of male gametophyte, Mega sporangium - Development

of female Gametophyte - types mature embryo sac, Fertilization.

20

Unit 5 Post fertilization changes

Endosperm - development, types, cytology, functions of endosperm. Embryo -

Development of dicot and monocot embryos.

15

Total hours 75

Taxonomy and Economic Botany



Objectives:

To know the principles of classification of flowering plants.

To know about the economic value of plants.

Unit 1 Classification

Objective and scope of taxonomy. Systems of angiosperm classification - Benthem and

Hooker (natural system of classification), Engler and Prantl (Phylogenetic system of

classification) and Thaktajan (Current system of classification), merits and demerits of the

system of classification

15

Unit 2 Taxonomic hierarchy

Kingdom, family, genus, species, and other categories; Salient features of the International

Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Herbarium techniques and uses.

15

Unit 3 Polypetalae

A detailed study of the following families: Dicot. Polypetalae: Annonaceae, Capparidaceae,

Rutaceae, Malvaceae Leguminosae, Rhamnaceae and Apiaceae.

15

Unit 4 Gamopetalae

Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Monochlamydeae-

Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Monocot- Orchidaceae, Liliaceae and Poaceae.

20

Unit 5 Economic Botany

A brief study of the following economically important products:

(i) Food- Cereals (Oryza, Eleusine); Pulses- (Green gram and black gram), Edible oil - Sesamum;

Root tubers- Manihot and Sugar – Saccharum officinalae

(ii) Fibres - Textiles (Gossypium); Others- Agave

(iii) Medicines - Vinca rosea, Phyllanthus, Withania and Rauvolfia.

10

Total hours 75

Text books:

3. Susheela M. and Das. (*2003). Plant Taxonomy. Dominant publishers and Distributors,

New Delhi.

4. Sharma, O.P., (2005). Plant Taxonomy. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishers Company. New

Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Suresh Kumar. (2002). Economic Botany. Campus books. New Delhi.

2. Singh, G. (2009). Plant systematic: an integrated approach. Science Pub Inc.

Practicals III - Diversity of Angiosperms



Reference books:

1. B.P. Pandey (2001) A Textbook of Botany: Angiosperms - Taxonomy, Anatomy, Embryology

and Economic Botany S. Chand Company LTD. Ram Nagar. New Delhi.

2. R K Sinha (2010) Practical Taxonomy of Angiosperms I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.

Limited,

3. B.P. Pandey (2007) Taxonomy of Angiosperms S. Chand Company LTD. Ram Nagar. New

Delhi.

4. Sundara. S. Rajan (2003) Practical Manual of Plant Anatomy and Embryology Anmol

Publications, PVT.LTD.

Technical description of the morphology of flowers and its parts.

15

Taxonomic study of the plants belonging to the families mentioned in the

theory.

15

Identification of plant products of economic value as given in the syllabus. 15

Anatomy:

Plant sectioning for anatomical features covered in the syllabus

30

Submission of 25 Herbarium specimens with herbarium data.

Field trips to various places to study the plants and their habitat

Total hours 75

Discipline Specific Elective

DSE-III Computer Application for Botany

Semester III Hours of Instruction/week: 5 15BBOI05 No. of credits: 4

Objectives:

To enhance basic knowledge on computers and its fundamentals

To develop conceptual understanding of MS office and Internet

Unit 1 Introduction to Computers

Types of Computers- Characteristics of Computers- Classification of Digital Computer System:

Micro Computers- Mini Computers- Mainframes- Super Computers- Computer Networks- LAN

and WAN. Components and functions of Computer: Central Processing Unit- Computer

Architecture.

15

Unit 2 The Peripheral Devices

Memory units- Auxiliary storage devices: Magnetic tape- Hard and Floppy disk- Input devices-

Output devices- Computer Software- Operating system: Function of OS- Classification of OS.

15

Unit 3 Window explorer and Ms Word

Working with Window explorer- My Documents- My Computer- Recycle Bin- Open, Close,

Resize, Minimize, Move and customize Windows- Start Menu, Searching for files- Move,

Copy, Save, Name, Rename, Delete and Backup files and folders- Windows Help: Search, Help

Online.

Ms Word- Word processing Software- Create Documents- Format and Organize Text- Word

with graphics- Picture, Objects, Charts and Tabs. Tables- Applying special text, Paragraph and

Document formats.

15

Unit 4 MS Excel and MS PowerPoint

Spreadsheet Software- Creating and enhancing a worksheet- Construct Formulas and charts-

Manage multiple worksheets in a Workbook- Using Excel Functions and tables.

MS PowerPoint- Presentation Software- Getting started- Formatting a Presentation-

Graphics- Presenting data using tables, charts and animation.

15

Unit 5 Internet

Working with Internet- Connecting to the Internet Hardware, Software and ISPs-

search engines- search strategies, Web Portals- Mail: compose and send a message.

Reply to a message- Working with email attachments.

15

Total hours 75

Text books:

1. Bansal, S.K. (2002), Fundamentals of Information technology, APH Publishing,

New Delhi.

2. Bott, E. and Leonhard, W. (2003), Using Microsoft office 2003, Paul Boeger

Publisher, New Delhi.

3. Jeffloate, J. (2003) Multimedia in Practice- PHI, New Delhi.

4. Karp, D. A, O’Reilly, T., Mott, T. and Cobbett, R. (2005), Windows XP in a

Nutshell: a desktop quick reference, Orielly Publishers, New Delhi

Reference books: 1. Leon, A. and Leon, M. (2000), Fundamentals of Information technology, Leon

Tech World, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Peterson, L. L and Davie, S. B. (2007), Computer Network A system approach

Published by Morgan Kaufmann, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.

Genetics

Semester IV Hours of Instruction/week: 5



To understand the basic principles of genetics.

To know about the factual information of modern researchers.

To learn about the principles of breeding.

Unit 1 Mendelism

Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Trihybrid Ratios and Modifications of Mendel Ratios.

15

Unit 2 Interaction of factors

Complementary factors, supplementary factors, epistasis, inhibitory factors, duplicate

factors, polygenic inheritance, lethal factors, incomplete dominance and pleiotropic

effect

15

Unit 3 Molecular Genetics

Sex determination in plants, molecular Genetics- mutation – introduction, characteristics,

types -Gene mutation, factors inducing mutation and mutagens. chromosomal

Aberration, chromosomal mutation - Deletion or deficiency, Duplication, translocation

and inversion.

20

Unit 4 Variations in Chromosome number

Introduction, aneuploidy, euploidy, artificial induction of polyploidy and significance of

mutation

10

Unit 5 Modern Concept of Genes

Introduction, definition of gene and identification of genetic material. Bacteriophages-

multiplication, one gene one enzyme concept and genetic code

15

Total hours 75

Text books:

1. P.S.Verma and V.K.Agarwal. (2009). Genetics. S.Chand and Company LTD., Ram nagar,

New Delhi.

2. Darbeshwar Roy. (2000) . Plant Breeding Analysis and Exploitation of variation. Narosa

publishing house. New Delhi.

3. B.N.Behera. (2004) . Genetics through problems. Sarup and Sons, New Delhi.

4. Phundan Singh. (2006). Essential of Plant Breeding. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.

5. G.S. Miglani.(2008). Advanced genetics. Norosa publishing house, New Delhi.

Reference books: 1. William S.Klug and Michad R.Cummings. (2003). Concept of Genetics. Pearson Education

PVT,LTD,New Delhi.

2. B.D.Singh.( 2009) . Plant breeding principles and methods. Kalyani publishers, New

Delhi.

Plant Physiology and Biometrics




To understand the various functions of plants.

To gain knowledge about recent advance in the field of plant physiology.

To know about the biochemical and metabolic aspects of plants.

To learn the methods of data collection and the application of statistic in solving biological

problems.

Unit 1 Absorption and Transpiration

Absorption- Definition, Mechanism, Active absorption and Passive absorption.

Transpiration -Classification, Mechanism of stomatal opening (theories) Significance of

Transpiration, Guttation. Ascent of Sap - Definition, Path of ascent of sap, Mechanism-

Vital and Physical force theories.

15

Unit 2 Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis- Significance- Red drop- Emerson's enhancement Effect. Mechanism-

Pigment system I and II, Dark reaction or Calvin cycle (C3 Pathway) C4 Pathway,

Photorespiration

15

Unit 3 Respiration

Respiration - introduction, mechanism, Glycolysis (EMP Pathway) Fermentation,

Aerobic oxidation of Pyruvic acid or Kreb’s cycle – Significance. Pentose - Phosphate

pathway and its Significance and Respiratory quotient.

15

Unit 4 Photoperiodism

Definition, Short day plants, Long day plants, Day neutral Plants, Photoperiodic induction.

Vernalization: Definition, Mechanism, Phasic development theory and Hormonal Theory,

Devernalization and Practical utility of vernalization.

15

Unit 5 Bio statistics

Definition of bio-statistics, statistics terms – random sampling,Frequency distribution,

graphical representation, distribution of data in Biology- measures of central tendency

(mean, median and mode), measures of dispersion (standard deviation, standard error and

coefficient of variation)

15

Total hours

75

Text books:

1. S.K.Verma. (2010). A Textbook of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, S.Chand and

Company LTD., Ram nagar, New Delhi.

2. Pranab Kumar Banerjee. (2005). Introduction to Biostatistics, S.Chand and Company

LTD., Ram nagar, New Delhi.

3. P.S.Gill. (2006). Plant physiology, S.Chand and Company LTD., Ram nagar, New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. C.P.Malik. (2009). Plant Physiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad.

2. G.S.R.Murti, G.S.Siroli and K.K.Upreti. (2006). Glossary of Plant Physiology. Daya

Publishing house, Delhi.

Practicals IV- Genetics and Plant Physiology



Genetics :

Problems on Dihybrid, Trihybrid and interaction of factors. Smear preparations - Stage

of all divisions in Meiosis and Mitosis.

15

Plant Physiology :

Ascent of sap, Relationship between Transpiration and Absorption, Four Leaf

Experiment, Ganong's Potometer, Farmer's Photometer, Test tube Funnel Experiment,

Wilmott's Bubbler, To Demonstrate liberation of Co2 during aerobic respiration, Co2 is

produced during Aerobic respiration by using retorts, Determination of R.Q using

Ganong's Respirometer, Anaerobic Respiration, Kuhne's Fermentation vessel, Effect of

Gibberllic acid on plant growth.

30

Total hours 45

Reference books:



2. P.S.Gill. (2006). Plant physiology, S.Chand and Company LTD., Ram nagar, New Delhi.

3. P.S.Verma and V.K.Agarwal. (2009). Genetics. S.Chand and Company LTD., Ram nagar,

New Delhi.

Cell Biology

Semester V Hours of Instruction/week: 5



To resolve some of the mysteries of the living cell making the discipline of the living cell

fascinating.

Unit 1 Cell Wall and membrane structure

Cell Wall- primary, secondary and tertiary middle lamella, chemical nature and functions.

Plasma membrane –structure (Fluid Mosaic Model), Functions- membrane protein

diffusion, osmosis, ion channel, active transport, Cytoplasm - chemical and physical

nature.

15

Unit 2 Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum- ultra structure, types- agranular and granular and functions,

structure and functions of Golgi complex, vacuole and peroxisomes. Structure,

chemical composition and functions of Mitochondria and Chloroplast.

15

Unit 3 Ribosome

Ribosome - occurrence ultra structure chemical composition and functions. Nucleus-

occurrence, chemical composition and ultra structure and functions, nuclear envelope,

nuclear pore and nuclearplasm, nucleolus

15

Unit 4 Chromosome

Structure of chromosome at molecular level and chemical composition, types of

chromosomes - euchromatin, heterochromatin, giant and lamp brush chromosomes,

functions of chromosomes

15

Unit 5 Cell cycle

Mitosis- definition, types and its significance. Meiosis –definition, occurrence,

Meiosis I: Prophase-I: leptonema, zygonema, pachynema and diakinesis, Metaphase-I and

anaphase-I and telophase-I. Meiosis II- Prophase II, Metaphase II, anaphase II and

telophase II and its significance.

15

Total hours 75

Reference books:

1. Gupta P.K. & M.S Swaminathan. 2008. Cytology, Genetics and Evolution. Rastogi Publication,

Meerut.

2. Verma, P.S. and V.K Agarwal. 2009. Cytology. Chand & Co. New Delhi.

3. Arumugam, D.N. 2009. Cell Biology. Saras Publications, Nagercoil.

Text books:

1. De Roberties. 2009. Cell Biology. McGraw Hill Publication, New Delhi.

Molecular Biology




To gain recent knowledge about D.N.A, R.N.A. and related technologies.

To highlight the recent advances in Molecular Biology.

Unit 1 DNA

Occurrence, chemical composition, geometrical organizations-Watson and Cricks

model. Types of DNA- Nuclear, Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA

15

Unit 2 DNA replication

Definition types of replication- Semi conservative replication in E.coli. Important

enzymes in replication- nucleases, polymerases and ligases.

15

Unit 3 RNA

Molecular structure and functions, Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA), transfer RNA (t-RNA) and

messenger RNA (m-RNA).

15

Unit-4 Protein Synthesis in E. coli

Protein Synthesis in E. coli- Transcription-definition, mechanism- transcription of

mRNA from DNA and steps involved (initiation, elongation and termination) and

Translation- Definition, steps involved (initiation, elongation and termination).

Regulation of protein synthesis- Operon Concept.

15

Unit-5 DNA damage and repair

DNA damage - lesion, oxidative and alkylation; DNA repair mechanism-definition,

types- Photo reactivation, Excision, Mismatch and SOS repair

15

Total hours 75

Textbooks:

1. Mohan P.Arora and Chander Kanta. 2010. Molecular Biology. Himalaya publishing

House, Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad.

2. Bhamrah, H.S. and Kavitha Juneja. 2009. Molecular cell Biology. Anmol Publications

(P) LTD. New Delhi.

3. Singh, M.P. and A.K.Sarma.2010. Text Book of Botany. Anmol Publications (P) LTD.

New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Twyman, R.M., 2008. Advanced Molecular Biology. Viva Books PVT. New Delhi,

Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore.

4. 2. Gordon Uno and Richard storey. 2010. Principle of Botany. Mc Graw Hill. New Delhi.

5. 3. David R. Hyde. 2010. Genetics and Molecular Biology. Tata Mc Graw Hill. New Delhi.

4. Jeyanthi, G.P. 2009. Molecular Biology. MJP Publishers. Chennai.

Microbiology




To learn the nature, structure, industrial and other uses of microorganisms.

To gain knowledge in the field of usefulness and significance of microbes.

To study the different microbial pathogens and control measures.

Unit 1 Introduction

Historical outline of Microbiology and the scope. Bacteria- Morphology, cell structure,

classification, respiration and reproduction. Gram staining.

10

Unit 2 Viruses

Morphology, classification and Reproduction, AIDS. Yeast-morphology and

multiplication. Economic importance of Bacteria and Yeast.

15

Unit 3 Food Microbiology

Microbial spoilage of foods, food poisoning, food preservation, Water borne microbes,

diseases (cholera, typhoid,) and control measures.

10

Unit 4 Soil and Agricultural Microbiology

Microbial flora of soil and their application. Biological Nitrogen fixation -symbiotic and a

symbiotic. Biofertilizers and biopesticides.

10

Unit 5 Industrial microbiology

Fermentation- ethyl alcohol and wine. Cultural (Vaccines-Rabies and antibiotics- Penicillin

and streptomycin) and non-cultural (metagenomics) microorganism and its uses in health

care.

15

Total hours 60

Text book:

1. Michael.J.Pelczar, JR., E.C.S.Chan., Noel R.Krieg and Meena Foss Pelczar. (2003)

.Microbiology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Limted, New Delhi.

2. Vinita Kale and Kishore Bhusari. (2001). Applied Microbiology. Himalaya publishing

house.

3. Rana. S.V.S. (2005). Biotechnique theory and Practice. Rastogi publications, Meerut.

Reference books:

1. Powar and Daginawala. (2001) .General Microbiology. Himalaya Publishing house.

2. Ajit Kr.Banejee, Nirmala Banerjee.2006. Fundamentals of Microbiology and

Immunology. New Central Book Agency (P) LTD8/1 Chintamoni Das Lane, Kolkata.

Phytopathology




To know about the causative organisms of various plant diseases and their control

measures.

Unit 1 Plant Pathology

Introduction, agents of infections and non infectious plant diseases: Virus, Bacteria, Fungi -

Aphids-Leaf hoppers- Nematodes as plant pathogens- Effect of Environment on plant

diseases -temperature, moisture and soil fertility.

10

Unit 2 Classification of plant diseases

(Based on their occurrence and major causal agent)- Morphological symptoms: Necrosis

(rot, canker, damping off, rust, wilt, spot and blight), Hypoplasia (variegation, chlorosis,

mosaic, stunting, vein clearing and rosetting),and Hyperplasia (galls, curl, intumescence,

hairy root and witches broom).

15

Unit 3 Plant Diseases

Citrus Canker, Bacterial Blight of Cotton, Tikka disease of Groundnut, Blast disease of

paddy,leaf roll disease of potato, leaf curl of papaya and Yellow vein mosaic of Bhendi.

10

Unit 4 Plant Diseases

Little leaf of Brinjal, Sandal spike ,Wart disease of potato, White rust of Crucifers , Loose

Smut of Wheat and Club rot of crucifers.

10

Unit 5 Control of Plant diseases

Prevention, cure, Avoidance of pathogens-Exclusion of inoculums, plant quarantine

organization in India -Eradication of inoculums Elimination of pathogens -production - use

of disease resistant hosts and inheritance of resistance.

15

Total hours

60

Text books :

1. Mehrotra, R.S. and Ashok Agarwal. (2003). Plant Pathology. Tata Mc Graw hill Publishing

Company, New Delhi.

2. Pathak, V.N. and Khatri, N.K. (2003). Fundamentals of Plant pathology. Agrobios (India).

Reference books:

1. Pravin Chandra Trivedi. (2003). Plant Pathology. Pointer Publishers. Jaipur, India.

2. Richard Strange, N. (2003). Introduction to Plant Pathology. Wiley Publication.

Practicals V- Cell Biology and Phytopathology



Cell Biology

Ultra structure of plant cell, stages of mitosis & meiosis

10

Molecular Biology:

Isolation of Genomic DNA (Plants) and Plasmid DNA (Bacteria).

10

Microbiology

1. Preparation of Media

2. Isolation of Microorganism from infected tissue

3. Preparation of Agar slants

4. Observation of morphological characteristics of Mould fungi

15

Phytopathology :

Identification of diseases in Citrus, Cotton, Paddy, Potato & Papaya.

Identification of viral diseases in Brinjal, Potato & Wheat.

10

Total hours 45

Reference books:

1. K. R. Aneja (2003) Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. New

age international publishers

2. P. Gunasekaran – 2007 Laboratory Manual in Microbiology. New age international publishers

3. S Sadasivam, ‎A. Manickam (2002) Biochemical methods. New age international publishers

https://www.google.co.in/search?safe=active&hl=en&biw=897&bih=450&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22K.+R.+Aneja%22&sa=X&ei=nls6U4qRHYHirAfxjoDQDw&ved=0CDwQ9AgwAA

https://www.google.co.in/search?safe=active&hl=en&biw=897&bih=450&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22P.+Gunasekaran%22&sa=X&ei=nls6U4qRHYHirAfxjoDQDw&ved=0CEIQ9AgwAQ

https://www.google.co.in/search?safe=active&hl=en&biw=897&bih=450&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22S+Sadasivam%22&sa=X&ei=nls6U4qRHYHirAfxjoDQDw&ved=0CE4Q9AgwAw

https://www.google.co.in/search?safe=active&hl=en&biw=897&bih=450&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22A.+Manickam%22&sa=X&ei=nls6U4qRHYHirAfxjoDQDw&ved=0CE8Q9AgwAw

Organic Farming

(Self study course)



Objectives:

To maximize ecological productive efficiency

To adopt cost effective farming to bring equity of food price and wage.

To achieve an evergreen revolution in agriculture.

Unit 1 Soil

Types of soil, Soil fertility- essential plant nutrients- micro and macro nutrients.

3

Unit 2 Green manuring

Definition, types and uses.

3

Unit 3 Agricultural wastes

Types and recycling of organic materials for composting

3

Unit 4 Composting- definition, classification, temperature, maximizing the nutrients

availability from agricultural compost and advantages of composting.

3

Unit 5 Pest management: physical and mechanical control, biological control,

increasing the effectiveness of biological control, merits and demerits of biological

control.

3

Total hours 15

Text books:

1.Arun, K.S. (2007). A Hand Book of Organic Farming. Agrobios, India.

2. Trivedi, P.C. (2010) Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Aavishkar, New Delhi

3. John Russell, S.E. (2002). Soil conditions and plant growth. Scientific Books suppliers.

Delhi.

4. Bennett, H.H. (2004). Soil Conservation for sustainable development. Scientific Books

suppliers. Delhi

Reference books:

1. Ryan, J .(2010) Soil and Plant Analysis Research Methods. Scientific, New Delhi.

2. Palaniappan, S. P. (2010) Organic farming theory and practice. Scientific, New Delhi.

3. Singh, A. (2014) Organic farming. Pointed publishers, New Delhi.

4. Bohn, H.L. (2002). Soil Chemistry. Scientific Books suppliers. Delhi.

Plant Biochemistry

Semester VI Hours of Instruction/week: 5



To know about the recent trends in the plant biochemistry.


Unit 1 Atoms

Structure, types of bonds- ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds. Isotopes and isomerism,

acids and bases, solutions and colloids.

15

Unit 2 Enzymes

Definition, types and function, mode of action- Lock and Key and koshlands induced fit

method. Coenzymes- NAD, cytochrome, coenzyme A and Q and Isozymes.

15

Unit 3 Carbohydrates and lipids

Structure, classification, function and deficiencies. Metabolism of starch and fat.

15

Unit 4 Proteins

Structure, classification and function of amino acid -essential and non-essential aminoacid,

protein- simple and conjugated protein

15

Unit 5 Plant secondary metabolite

Biosynthesis, types and function (Alkaloids and Flavonoids)

15

Total hours 75

Text books:

1. Sathyanarayana. U. (2009). Essentials of Biochemistry. Books & allied (P) Ltd.

Kolkata.

2. Verma. S.K. (2005). A textbook of Plant physiology and Biochemistry. S.Chand and

Company Ltd, Ram Nagar. New Delhi.

3. Dey P.M. and J.B. Harborne. 2000. Plant Biochemistry. Harcourt Asia (P) Ltd.

4. Whitmone, G. 92001).Biochemistry through problems. IVY publishing house, Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Shokan. P.S. (2003). Enzymes. Chinnaa publications, Melvisharam, Vellome Dist, Tamil

Nadu, India.

2. Chapman. K.E. and S.J. Higgins. (2001). Essays in Biochemistry Regulation of Gene

Expression. Portland Press LTD.

3. Buchnan. B.B. (2010). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. IK International,

Pai & Sons.

Plant Biotechnology




To know about the recent trends in the crop improvement.


Unit 1 Tissue culture

Introduction, importance, basic requirements for tissue culture lab, nutrition media,

sterilization of glassware and explants and gelling agents (Agar-Agar, Agarose and Phytagel).

15

Unit 2 Growth regulators

Definition, types and their physiological effects (Auxin, Cytokinin, Gibberellins, ethylene

and Abscissic acid). Micropropagation – definition and methods (Meristem culture,

Organogenesis, Somatic embryogenesis).

15

Unit 3 Culture types

Crop improvement through Protoplast culture - isolation (Enzyme treatment) and fusion (PEG

method); Haploid Production- anther culture, embryo culture and artificial seed.

15

Unit 4 Production of secondary metabolites

Cell suspension culture, bioreactors, batch and continuous culture only and hairy root culture.

Biofuels – Current developments

15

Unit 5 Transgenic plants

Types of gene transfer into plants and application of transgenics.

15

Total hours

75

Text books:

1. Padamnabh Dwivedi. (2004). Plant Tissue culture. Scientific publishers, Jodhpur, India.

2. Rajini Sharma. (2000).Plant tissue culture. Campus Books International. India.

3. Bhaskar. M. (2014). Horticulture and Plant Biotechnology. Manglam Publishers, New

Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Sudhir. M. (2005) Applied Biotechnology and Plant Genetics. Dominant Publishers, New

Delhi.

2. Ramawat. K.G. (2008). Plant Biotechnology. S. Chand & co. New Delhi.

Plant Genetic Engineering




To gain recent knowledge about DNA, RNA and related technologies.

To highlight the recent advances in Biotechnology.

To learn the structure, industrial and other uses of microorganisms.

To resolve some of the mysteries of the living cell and making the discipline of

Microbiology and Biotechnology fascinating.

Unit 1 Biotechnology

Scope, Construction of genomic DNA library and cDNA library, screening by colony

hybridization, DNA sequencing-definition, Maxam and Gilbert’s method and Sanger’s dideoxy

nucleotide method

10

Unit 2 Transposable genetic elements

Bacterial transposable elements, IS elements. Types of transposons- composite transposons,

complex transposons, Mechanism of Transposition, eukaryotic transposable elements- corn Ac-

Ds elements and phenotypes produced by Ac-Ds elements.

15

Unit 3 PCR

Definition, procedure, applications, DNA fingerprinting – definition, procedure, single and multi

locus probe, micro and mini satellite (only definitions), applications of DNA fingerprinting.

10

Unit 4 Recombinant DNA

Definition – restriction endonuclease enzymes, cloning vectors – definition, plasmids, cosmids

and bacteriophages. Introduction of foreign DNA -Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer,

artificial gene transfer - electroporation and micro injection technique, shot gun technique,

identification and confirmation of foreign gene by southern blotting technique

15

Unit 5 Monoclonal antibodies

Definition, Hybridoma technology – definition, steps, alternatives to Hybridoma technology and

uses of monoclonal antibodies.

10

Total hours 60

Text books:

1. Ramavat, K.G. 2003. Plant Biotechnology. S.Chand and Company LTD., Ram nagar,

New Delhi.

2. Hans- Peter Schmauder. 2002. Methods in Biotechnology. Taylor and Francis publishers.

Reference books:

1. Plant Biotechnology Hand Book - NIIR Board. 2006. Published by National institute of

industrial research, Delhi.

2. Chawla, H.S. 2004. Introduction to plant biotechnology. Second edition, Oxford and IBH

publishers Co (P) Ltd, New Delhi.

3. Ignacimuthu, S. I. 2004. Plant Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH publishers Co (P) Ltd,

New Delhi.

4. Sathyanarayana, U. 2005. Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd.

Environmental Science




To learn and understand the importance of natural resources and their contribution

to mankind.

To know about the effects of pollution and their control measures.

To know the various principle and relationships between the plants and

environment.

Unit 1 Ecology

Introduction, Plant environment-abiotic and biotic factors.

10

Unit 2 Autecology

Definition, Ecosystem concept – abiotic and biotic components - autotrophic producers

and heterotrophic Consumers. Ecological pyramids, Productivity - primary, secondary and

gross; food chain - food web and energy flow.

15

Unit 3 Synecology

Definition Vegetation - units of vegetation - formation, association, consociation, society.

Development of vegetation: Migration - Ecesis, colonization. Method of study of

vegetation- Transect and Quadrat. Plant succession - Hydrosere and Xerosere.

Morphological and anatomical features of xerophytes, hydrophytes and mesophytes.

20

Unit 4 Phytogeography

Climate of India and its climatic zones. Vegetational types of india- Evergreen, deciduous,

scrub and Mangrove. Deforestration, Afforestration and in situ and ex situ conservation.

15

Unit 5 Pollution and Disaster management

Air pollution, Radiation pollution, Noise pollution, Soil pollution, Water pollution Land

movement disaster- Earthquake, landslide and soil erosion. Water disaster- floods, tsunami,

Weather disaster- drought, cyclonic storms, tornadoes. Disaster awareness and safety

programmes to the public. Phytoremediation.

15

Total hours 75

Text books:

1. Sharma , P.D.(2003). Environmental Biology. Rastogi Publications Meerut.

2. Monga ,G.S. (2001). Environment and Development. Deep and Deep Publications Pvt.Ltd.,

New Delhi.

3. Kudesia ,V.P. (2000). Pollution (Every where) . Pragati prakashan, Meerut.

Reference books:

1. Erach Bharucha , (2005). Environmental Studies. Universities Predd (India) Limited.

2. Soumitroghose ,(2003). Environmental Chemistry. Dominant Publishers and Distributors, New

Delhi.

3. Arora, M. (2001). Environmental Management Of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals. Ivy

Publishing House,New Delhi.

Evolution and Bioinformatics




To know the application an management of biological data of bioinformatics.

To know the details about the recent trends in the development of plants and animals .

To understand the significance of molecular evolution.

Unit 1 Evolution

Modern theory of evolution, Lamarckism, Darwinism, Mutation theory.

15

Unit 2 Bioinformatics

Definition, History and scope of bioinformatics, DNA and Protein databases, tools - local

alignment tools- FASTA and BLAST, multiple alignment tools – CLUSTAL.

15

Unit 3 Phylogenetic alignment

PHYLIP. Profiles and similarity.

15

Unit 4 Genomics

Genetic and physical mapping of Genes, Molecular markers (SSR, VNTR, ISSR) for

integration of useful traits, DNA Microarray, Drug designing.

15

Unit 5 Proteomics

Protein structure prediction – 2D and 3D structures. application of proteomics in health

sector. Antiviral proteins (GAP 30) for the identification of gene sequence versus disease.

15

Total hours 75

Text books:

1. Andreas Bake Vanis, D. and Francis Oullette, B.F (2nd edition ) (2002). A practical

guide to the analysis of genes and proteins. John Wiley and Sons , Inc.,publication.

2. Aditya Khanum and Irfana Khan. (2003). Recent advances in Bioinformatics. Ukaaz

publications.

3. Stephen Krawelz, A. (2001). Bioinformatics methods and protocols. Humana press,

Totowa, New Jersey.

4. Ignacimuthu , S.J. (2005). Basic Bioinformatics. Narosa publishing House, New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Rastogi, S.C. (2004). Bioinformatics method and applications .Genomics, Proeomics

and Drug discovery. Prentice Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd .,New Delhi.

2. Ranga M, M. (2006) . Bioinformatics . Agrobios India.

Practicals V- Plant Biochemistry and Ecology



Plant Biochemistry

Determination of carbohydrates, aminoacids and protein. Preliminary screening of

secondary metabolites (alkaloids and flavonoids), Analysis of chlorophyll pigments

using Paper chromatography.

15

Plant Biotechnology

Preparation of culture media and Composition of Culture media (MS and B5 media).

15

Environmental Science

Measurement of BOD in water sample, Estimation of dissolved oxygen( DO) in

water sample. Demonstration of the method of vegetational study- quadrat, line

transect & Belt transect. Study of Morphology & anatomy of locally available

plants- hydrophytes & xerophytes.

15

Total hours 45

Reference books:

1. S Sadasivam, ‎A. Manickam (2002) Biochemical methods. New age international publishers

2. S. Sundara Rajan (2001) Practical Manual of Plant Ecology and Plant Physiology Anmol

Publications Pvt. Limited

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https://www.google.co.in/search?safe=active&hl=en&biw=897&bih=450&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22A.+Manickam%22&sa=X&ei=nls6U4qRHYHirAfxjoDQDw&ved=0CE8Q9AgwAw

Botany Department


DSE-I Diversification of Plants


15BZOI04 No. of credits: 3


To gain knowledge about the lower and primitive groups of plants

To know the structure and modifications of plant parts.

Unit 1 Algae

General classification of cryptogams. Structure and life history of the following genera:

Chlamydomonas, Chara, Dictyota and Polysiphonia

10

Unit 2 Fungi and Bryophytes

Structure and life history of the following genera: Albugo, Penicillium, Saccharomyces,

Agaricus, Riccia and Polytrichum.

10

Unit 3 Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms

Structure and life history of the following genera: Lycopodium, Adiantum and Cycas.

10

Unit 4 Morphology

Parts of a Flower. Fruit – fleshy, aggregate, multiple, dry indehiscent and dry dehiscent

fruits. Epigeal germination (Bean) and Hypogeal germination (Paddy) and Vivipary.

15

Unit 5 Taxonomy

Study of following families: Annonaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae,

Asclepidaceae, Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae.

15

Total hours 60

Text books:

1. Singh, M.P. and A.K.Sh arma. (2002) .Text Book Of Botany. Anmol publication PVT,

LTD.

2. Shubhrata. R. Mishra. (2009). Morphology of plants. Discovery publishing house, New

Delhi.

Reference book: 1. Sharma, O.P., (2005). Plant Taxonomy. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishers Company. New

Delhi.


DSE- II Practical I- Diversification of Plants



A detailed study of the general given under Bacteria, Algae, Fungi,

Bryophytes,Pteridophytes and gymnosperm.

20

Morphology of fruits and seed germination- Hypogeal and Epigeal

10

Indentification of the families.

15

Total hours 45

Reference books:

1. Sundara S. Rajan (2003) Texbook of Practical Botany. Anmol Publications, PVT.LTD.


3. R K Sinha (2010) Practical Taxonomy of Angiosperms I.K. International Publishing House

Pvt. Limited,

4. B.P. Pandey (2007)Taxonomy of Angiosperms S. Chand Limited,


DSE- II Structure, Function and General Principles




To understand the various functions of plants.

To gain knowledge about recent advance in the field of plant physiology.

To learn and understand the importance of natural resources and their contribution to

mankind.

Unit 1 Cell Biology and Embryology

Ultrstructure of Plant cell, Structure and functions of various cell organelles;-cell wall,

mitochondria, chloroplast, gogi bodies, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus.

Structure of mature anther , structure of ovule and its types; Fertilisation, structure of

endosperm and its types.

15

Unit 2 Anatomy

Simple and Complex tissues: Internal structure of stem, root and leaf of dicot and

monocot plants: Secondary growth in dicot stem and root(normal).

10

Unit 3 Plant physiology

WaterAbsorption, Transpiration, Photosynthesis- Light and Dark reaction,

Respiration- Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Anaerobic fermentation.

15

Unit 4 Ecology

Ecosystem- Definition- Basic concepts of ecosystem, Ecological adaptations of plants-

Xerophytes and Hydrophytes (Morphological and Anatomical). Pollution – Air and

water pollution and its control measures.

10

Unit 5 Genetics and Plant breeding

Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses, Plant breeding- objectives, principles and methods

10

Total hours 60

Text books:

1. Verma, V. (2010). Botany. Ane books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India

2. Pandey, B. P. (2008). Botany for degree students, B.Sc. first year. S. Chand and Company

Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

3. Pandey, B. P. (2008). Botany for degree students, B.Sc. second year. S. Chand and

Company Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Malik, C.P. (2002) .Plant Physiology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, Chennai,

Hyderabad.


DSE- II Practical- II Structure, Function and General Principles



Structure of anther, ovule, endosperm and dicot embryo.

10

Studies of T.S.of stem (Castor and Maize), root. (Bean and Canna) and Leaf

(Sunflower and Grass)

10

Physiology: Experiments to demonstrate the physiological activities mentioned in the

Syllabus.

10

Ecology: Hydrophytes and Xerophytes.

10

Genetics: Mono-and Di-hybrid crosses.

5

Total hours 45

Reference Books:



2. S. Sundara Rajan (2001) Practical Manual of Plant Ecology and Plant Physiology

Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited

Department of Botany Generic Elective Course

Herbal Cosmetics


15BBOO01 No. of credits: 2

Objectives:

To gain Knowledge about various types of herbals.

To enable the students to prepare herbal based products.

To help the students to prepare ecofriendly, cost effective herbal formulations.

Unit 1 Facial Cream

A General account on medicinal plants, cultivation and therapeutic uses of Turmeric (Curcuma

longa), Onion (Allium cepa), Kathazhai (Aloe vera), Olive oil (Olea emropaea) and Cucumber

(Cucumis sativus) and facial cream formulation.

6

Unit 2 Prickly heat powder

Vettiver, sandal wood, mentha, marigold, maize starch, and Aloe vera gel and prickly heat

powder formulation.

6

Unit 3 Hair Growth Promoter

Hibiscus (Eclipta alba), Coconut oil (Cocos nucifera), Gingely oil (Sesame indicum),

Podukuthazai (Lippia nodiflora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), Curry leaves (Murraya koenigi) and

hair oil formulation.

6

Unit 4 Skin protection

Orange peels (Citrus auranticum), lemon (Citrus medica), Tagarai (Cassia tora), Kuppaimani

(Acalypha indica), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Neem (Azadirachta

indica) and Tridax procumbens

6

Unit 5 Neutraceuticals

Neutraceuticals - definition, advantages. Solanum nigrum (Mana thakkali), Psidium guajava

(Guava), Sesbania grandiflora(Agathy), Moringa olefera ( Moringa), Punica granatum

(Pomegranate) Carica papaya (Papaya), Eugenia jambolina (Noval), Tribulus languginosus

(Nerungi), Phyllanthus emblica (Nelli).

6

Total hours

30

Text books:

1. Devaraj, T.L. (2007). Speaking of Ayurvedic Herbal Cures, New Dawn Press, New Delhi,

India.

2. LaxmiLal. (2010). Fruit Science objective fundamentals. Agro tech Publishers Academy,

Udaipur, Rajasthan.

3. Dhiman, A.K. (2010). Sacred Plants and Their Medicinal Uses. Daya Publishing house,

New Delhi.

Reference books 1. Singh, K. (2010). Medicinal Herbs and Spices. Avishkar Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Department of Botany

Mushroom Cultivation

(Value added course) Semester II to V Hours of Instruction: 40 hrs

11BBOV01 No. of credits: 2

Objectives:

To understand the nutritive and medicinal value of mushrooms.

To study the method of cultivation of selected mushrooms.

To enable the students to start a cottage industries.

Unit 1 Mushrooms

Definition, external morphology and substrate specificity.

10

Unit 2 Types of mushrooms

Milky straw, button and poisonous mushrooms, Nutritional value, medicinal value and

advantages

5

Unit 3 Cultivation methods

Paddy straw mushroom cultivation – bed method, polythene bag method and field

cultivation. Oyster mushroom cultivation – substrate spawning, pre treatment of substrate

spawning, maintenance of mushroom, cultivation of white button mushroom – substrate,

spawning and harvesting.

10

Unit 4 Disease control and storage

Blanching, steeping, sun drying, canning, pickling, freeze drying, short term and long term

storage.

5

Unit 5 Indian Mushrooms

Common Indian mushrooms, production level, economic return, foreign exchange from

mushroom cultivation and International trade, Good Agricultural and Manufacturing

practices.

10

Total hours 40

Text books:

1. Dey, S.C. (2010). Mushroom Growing. Agrobios. India.

2. Bhaskar. (2010). Floriculture and Plant Biotechnology. Manglam Publication.

New Delhi.

3. Kaul, T.N. (2001). Biology and conservation of Mushrooms. Oxford & IBH Publishing

Company Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.

Reference books: 1. Giovanni Pacioni. (1985). Mushrooms and Toadstools. Mac Donald & Co. Ltd., London.

2. Pandey, B.P. (1996). A text book of fungi. Chand & Co Ne

B Sc 2015-16.pdf - Avinashilingam University

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