Armacopce Including the Outlines of for the Use 0? Practitioners and ...

A R M A C O P CE

I NCLUDING THE OUTLINES OF

FOR THE USE 0 ?

PRACTITIONERS AND STUDENTS

OF

Q eter i na rg meb i ci ne

BY THE LATE RICH ARD V . TU SON

FIFTH ED ITIONR E V I S E D A N D E D I T E D B Y

JAMES“ BAYNE, F .C.S.

PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND TOX I COLOGY AT THE ROYAL VETERI NARY COLLEGE

PH ILADELPH IA

SON,

1012 WALNUT STREET

1895

G

PRE FACE

F I F T H E D I T I O N

I N TH I s EDITION the original a rrangemen t is retained.

Severa l importan t preparations, which have been intro

duced sin ce the last issue,

'

have been added, and the whole

work Ca refu lly revised and brought up to date. Referen ce

hasaga in been made toFin lay D un’s Veter inaryMedicines

,

’

and to Shoemaker ’s Ma teria Medica and Therapeutics.

’

My than ks are due to my colleagues ProfessorsMAC

QU EEN and H OBDAY , for the va luable assistan ce and advice

which they have rendered me in the selection of new

prepara tions, and the revision of doses. I am a lso indebted

to my assistan t, Mr . H . E . LINDLEY, for his help in

the correction of proofs.

JAMES BAYNE .

ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE , N .W .

Jan . 14th , 1895.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDI TION

TH IS work is designed for the use of practitioners and

studen ts “

Of veterinary medicine.

The agen ts are arranged in alphabetica l order, accordingto the plan adopted in the British Pharmacopceia,

’and

are treated of under the following heads1. Latin Pharma ceu tic N ame.

English Pharmaceu tic N ame.

Synonyms.

N atural Order.

Composition .

Mode of Prepara tion .

Characters and Tests.

Actions and U ses.

9. Doses.

10. Modes of Applica tion .

11. I ncompatibles.

12 . An tidotes.

I 3 . Prepara tions.

Many medicines bearin g old and familiar names have,for the sake of order , received new titles thus, theD iuretic Mass of Morton is, in the presen t work, termedMassa Resinae Composita . By Whatever name, however ,p reparations may be known to the reader, they can be

readily found by referen ce to the General I ndex.

The modes of p reparation , characters, and tests are in

most cases the same as those given in the ‘Brit ish Pharmacopoeia .

’

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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

The composition of bodies is expressed in modern atomicweights, a table of which , together with a list of the Old

ones, will be found in the Appendix.

I n the directions for preparing chemico-

pharmaceuticsubstances Old chemical names are, for the most part,employed whereas, in expla in ing reactions and decom

positions, that wh ich the au thor believes to be the best ofthe new systems of nomen clature, supplemented wherenecessary by the old

,is adopted.

The in compatibles m en tion ed a re those recorded as su chby the most eminen t au thorities ; a lthough, no doubt

, in

many instan ces the incompatibility in dicated is based upon

hypothesis ra ther than upon the results of observation or

experimen t.For a more detailed a ccoun t of the actions and uses of

veterinary medicin es the r eader is referred to the books ofDun and Morton , also to the forthcoming work on

‘Veterinary Therapeu tics

’

by Professor George Brown .

To the last-named gen tleman the author is deeplyindebted for his kind assistan ce in revising those portionsof the work which are compr ised under the sub-headings‘Doses and ‘Actions and U ses

,

’

as well as for many. valuable suggestions made dur ing the progress of the volumethrough the press.

The prin cipal sou r ces, in addition to the British Pharmacopoeia

’of 1867, from which the au thor has obta ined

much valuable information ,are Morton ’

s VeterinaryPharmacy,

’Dun

’s Veterin ary Medicines,

’ Macnamara ’sedition of N eligan

’

s Medicines,’

and Garrod’s

‘MateriaMedica and Therapeutics.

’

ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGEOctober 1869

PREFACE To TH E FIFTH EDITION

PREFACE To THE F IRST EDITION

VE TERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

ADDENDA

APPENDIX :

SYMBOLS AND ATOM IC WE IGH TS OF TH E ELEMENTARYBODIE S MEN TIONED IN TH IS WORE

WE IGHTS AN D MEASU RES OF TH E BRITISH PHARMACCPcE I A

WEIGHTS AN D MEASURE S OF TH E METR ICAL SYSTEM

4. RELAT ION OF THE WE IGH TS AND MEASURES OF TH E

BRITISH PH ARMACOPGEI A To TH OSE OF TH E METRI.

CAL SYSTEM

INDEX To VETERINARY MEDICINES, ARRANGED ACCORDINGTo THE IR ACTIONS AND USE S

GENERAL INDEX

VETERINARY PHARMAOOPGEIA

ACACIA GUMMI

GUM ACACIA

Synonym.- Gum A rabic .

Composition—An exudation from certain species of

acacia,belonging to the n atura l order Legumi

fn osce,and

consisting, when pure, of arabin , C l 2 H 2 2 On .

Characters and Tests.— Spheroida l fragmen ts, wi thshinin g surfaces ; near ly colour less bland and mucilagi

nous taste ; soluble in water,insoluble in alcohol, ether ,

and oils. I ts cold aqueous solu tion gives a white gelatinous precipitate with lead subacetate, but no blue colourwith iodinewater , un less it be adu ltera ted with starch .

Actions and Uses. See Mucilago Acaciae.

ACETANILIDE

PHENYL ACETAMIDE

Synonym.-An tifebrin .

Composition—A derivative of an iline.

Characters and. Tests—A white powder, of neutralreaction , slightly pungen t, slightly soluble in water , and

B

2 VETERINARY PHARMACOH EIA

freely soluble in ether and a lcohol. N ot changed by acidsor alka lies.

Actions and Uses. Febrifuge, an ti-spasmodic, ano

dyne, used to relieve pain in nervous affections and rheu

matism .

Doses— CATTLE , l drachm dissolved in ether .— D OGs,

5 grains dissolved in ether . These doses repeated everyfour hours, according toMr . J. A . N unn

,A rmy

‘VeterinaryD epartm en t

, produ ced mark ed lowering of temperatu re infever , una ccompan ied by nausea or other un toward effects.

Composition — Water holding in solu tion abou t 54 1percen tl of r ea l acetic acid, H 0 2 H 30 2 , together with colou ringand flavour ingm atters.

Mode of Preparation — Weak a lcoholic liqu ids, beer ,

poor win es, &c.,are exposed to the air and suffered to

undergo the acetous fermen tation,whereby the a lcohol is

oxidised first in to a ldehyd, and finally in to a cetic a cid,thus

Alcohol . Oxygen . Aldehyd. W ater .

1. 2 C ,H 60 0 2 2 C 2 H 4O 2 112 0

Aldehyd. Oxygen . Acetic Acid.

2 . 0 2 2 H C ,H ,0 2

Characters and Tests—A liqu id of a brown colour,ace

tous Odour , and sour taste. Sp . gr . 10 17to 10 19. Withbarium chlor ide it Shou ld give no

, or a very slight, precipi

tate, showing the absen ce or the presen ce Of on ly a minu tequan tity, of su lphuric acid.

1

The addi tion of 1part of sulphuric acid to 999 of vinegar isperm itted by law.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA 3

Actions and use8.—I n te'r na lly —Refrigeran t to a llayfebrile hea t styptic, astringen t, and diuretic 3 a lso litholyti c for ca lculi and ur inary deposits consisting of calciumor magnesium phosphate or carbonate. Likewise employedas an an tidote to poison ing by the alkalies and their ca rbonates. Very seldom ,

however , used in ternally.

D0808. —H ORSE , 1 to 2 fluid ounces— CATTLE, 1 to 2fluid oun ces—SH EEP, 1 to 2 fluid drachms.

—PI G, l to 2

flu id dract .—DOG

,10 to 2 0 min ims.

I ncompatibles.—A lkalies 5 earths and all carbonates.

Antidotes—Potassium,sodium, calcium , or magnesium

carbona te or bicarbonate.

ACETUM CANTHARI DI S

V IN EGAR OF CAN THAR I DES

Composition. An impure solution of can tharidin ,055 60 2 , in acetic acid.

Mode of Preparation—TakeCan tharides in powder 2 ounces.

Glacia l A cetic Acid 2 fluid oun ces.

A cetic Acid18 fluid

ounces, or

a Suffici ency.

Mix thirteen fluid oun ces of the acetic acid with theglacial acetic acid, and digest the can tharides in this mixture for two hou rs at a temperature of 2 00

° F. Cool theingredients, transfer them to a percolator, and when the

liqu id ceases to flow, pour five fluid ounces of acetic acidover the residue I n the appara tus. When the percolationis complete, press the con ten ts of the percolator , filter the

product, m ix the liqu ids, and add sufficien t acetic acid tomake one pin t.

4 VETERINARY PHARMACOP(EIA

ActionsandUses—Extern a lly — Coun ter -irritant . Vesicant and rubefa cien t in loca l congestion, and in irrita tionof important organs.

ACIDUM ACETI CUM

ACETIC ACID

Composition—Water mixed with 3 3 per cen t. of realacetic acid, H C 2 H 30 2 .

Mode of Preparation—By distilling a mixture of

crystallised sodium acetate and sulphu ric a cid ; sodium

sulphate remains in the retort, while water and a ceticacid

,in the proportions above n amed, pass over in to the

receiver .

Sodium Sulphur ic Sodium AceticAcetate . Acid. Sulphate. Acid.

2 N aCzH 30 2 H 2 SO4 N a 2 sO4 2 H 0 2 H 30 2

Characters and Tests—A colour less, sour liqu id, havinga pungen t odour . Sp . gr . 10 44. Shou ld leave no residue

when evaporated, and will give no precipitate with hydrosulphuric acid, barium chloride, or Silver n itra te, if freefrom lead, copper , sulphuric acid

,and chlorine. Put a

fluid dra chm of the acid, m ixed with ha lf a n oun ce of distilled water and ha lf a drachm of pure hydrochloric a cid,

a lso a few pieces of granu la ted zin c, in to a flask . Whi leefi

‘

erveseen ce con tinues suspend a slip of white blottingpaper moistened with a solution of suba cetate of lead in theupper part of the flask above the liquid for abou t fiveminutes. The paper Shou ld not become discoloured, thusindicating the absen ce of sulphurous a cid.

ActionsandUses. —Eactefrn a lly z—Stimu lan t, astringen t,

styptic, rubefacient, and vesican t. As a caustic for theremoval Of warts and similar growths. For the remova l of

VETERINARY PHARMACOPcEIA 5

scurf in ringworm, mallenders and sallenders,scab , and

mange.

1

Preparations.—Acetum Cantharidis ;Acidum Aceticum

Dilutum .

ACIDUM ACETI CUM DI LUTUM

DILUTED ACETIC ACID

Composition—Water mixed with 42 7per cen t. of rea la cetic a cid, 110 2 1130 2 .

Mode of Preparation—Tak e ofA cetic A cidD istilled WaterMix.

Characters and Tests.—Colour less, sour liquid. Sp. gr .

1006.

Actions and Uses.Doses.

“

Similar to vin egar.I ncompatibles. See Acetum.

Antidotes.

ACIDUM ACETI CUM GLACIALE

GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

Synonyms.—Acetic Hydrate Real Acetic Acid.

Composition.—HC,H 30 2 .

Mode of Preparation .—By distillin g a mixture of con

centrated sulphuric acid and sodium acetate deprived of

its water of crystallisation by fusion sodium sulphate

rema ins in the retort, and glacia l acetic a cid passes over

For these purposes, and as an astringent and styptic, impure

pyrolign eous acid is preferred to Acidum Aceticum, on account of,

the former containing carbolic acid and similar compounds.

6 VETERINARY PHARMAcorcE IA

into the receiver . SeeAcidum Aceticum for an explanationof the decomposition .

Characters and Tests—At ordinary temperatures a

colourless liquid, with a pungen t odour and sour taste.

Sp . gr . 10 65 to 10 66. Cooled to 34°F . it crysta llises and

remainssolid unless hea ted to 48°F . Tested for su lphurousacid, as directed under A cidum Aceticum , it shou ld give no

indi cation of this impu rity.

Actions and Uses. -I nter na lly z— I rritant poison . Ex

terna lly—Rubefacien t, vesican t, and caustic. U sed to

destroy warts.

Antidotes—See Acetum .

Preparations. -A cetum Can tharidis Mistura Creasoti.

ACIDUM ARSENI OSUM

ARSEN IOUS ACID

Synonyms.—Arsen ious Anhydride White Arsenic.

Composition—Asp ,

Mode of Preparation.—By roasting arsenical ores, ag.

arsen ical pyrites, FeSAs,in a curren t of a ir 5the arsenicum

combines with oxygen and becomes arsen ious anhydride,which is purified by sublima tion .

CharactersandTests— Heavy, whi te,glisten ing powderor in translucen t masses resembling porcela in . Com

pletely vola tile at 400°F . Sublimed in a test-tube, it

'

con

denses in brillian t octah edral or trian gular crystals.

ble in water, 1in 80 par ts. I ts aqueous solution furnishesa yellow precipita te (silver arsen ite) with silver ammonio

n itrate, and a green precipitate (copper arsen ite) withcopper ammonio-sulphate. These precipita tes are solublein ammon ia and in n itric acid.


Actions and Uses.—I n terna.lly I n excessive doses, an

irr itan t poison in medicinal doses, a lterative and ton ic inchron ic rheuma tism, para lysis, epi lepsy, chorea, fa rey, andman ge. Extern ally

—U sed in the cure of mange, scab,

and other skin diseases a lso as a caustic to eradicatewarts, and to produce the Sloughing and effect the removalof malignan t tumours. When used externa lly, especia llyfor the latter purpose, a rsen ious acid must be employedwith great caution, as it is liable to be absorbed and to killthe pa tien t.

Doses.—CATTLE, 5 to 10 gra ins.—HORSE, 5to 10 grains.

SHEEP, 1to 2 grains—PI G, to 2 gra ins—DOG, 113 to T1“

of a gra in .

Modes of Application.— I n ternally The powder

sprinkled over, or m ixed wi th, the an imal ’s food. l E aster

n a lly—Liquor Arsenicalis U nguentum Arsen ici .

Antidotes.—Freshly m ade moist hydrated peroxide of

iron magnesia cold afl'

usions 3 inhalation of ammonia .

Preparations—Liquor Arsen icalis ; U nguen tum Ar

sen ici .

ACIDUM BORI CUM

BORIC ACID

Synonym.—Boracic Acid.

Composition.—H 3BO3 .

Mode of Preparation.— Found naturally in the volcan ic

districts of N orth I taly. See Borax.

Characters and Tests—A transparen t, colour less solidwhich crystallises in six-sided pla tes. I t has a feebly acidtaste. I t dissolves in 2 5 parts of water or 15 of a lcohol ,

See Liquor Arsenicali s, a better form of arsenica l medicinefor internal use.

8 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

and in 3 parts of boiling wa ter or 5 of boiling alcohol. An

a lcoholic solution burns with a green flame

Actions and Uses— Exter n a lly — An tiseptic, used as a

dressing for wounds. The satu ra ted solution is used in thetreatmen t of scaly and pa rasitic sk in eruptions.

Preparations.— Boroglyceride, a combination of borica cid (62 parts) and glycer in (92 parts). This dil uted withan equal quantity of glycerin makes the fifty per cen t.boroglyceride , in which form it is used as an an tiseptic.

Lister ’s an tiseptic oin tmen t for dressing wounds ismade

by adding 1par t each of boric a cid andwhitewax to 2 partsea ch of paraffin and almond Oil. Borated lin t or boratedcotton -wool is made by steeping the substan ce in a saturatedsolution of the a cid and a llowing it to dry.

ACIDUM CARBOLI CUM

CARBOLIC ACID

Synonyms.— Carbolic Hydrate Phen ic Acid Phenol

Phenylic Alcohol .

Composition —H CGH so.

Mode of Preparation — Those por tions of coal-tar oil

which distil between 300°F . and 4OO°F . are m ixed with a

strong and boili ng solu tion of potassium hydrate. The

resu lting potassium carbolate is decomposed by hydro

chloric acid, and the liberated carbolic a cid rectified bydistillation ofl

' calcium chloride. The ca lcium chloridedeprives the a cid of moisture.

Carbolic Potassium PotassiumAcid. H ydrate . Carbolate. Water .

1. H CHH O KHO KC,H ,O H ,O

Potassium Hydroch loric Garholi PCarbolate . Acid. Acid.

0

Ci la

frs

i

i

du

én

IO K0 6H 5O H Cl H CHH O KCl

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

VETERINARY PHARMACOMEIA

common mass. Extern a lly—As a caustic, the undiluted

acid for other purposes, in the form of lotion , lin imen t,or

Ointmen t.Buildings may be disinfected ( 2 ) and the atmosphere

impregnated with the a cid by steeping rags in it and then

suspending them in various par ts of the room ,

stable, &c. 5

or the acid, in a diluted form ,

1 may be sprinkled overfloors and walls.

Antidotes—Albumen soap 5demu lcen t drinks 5 oil.

Preparations

Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici U nguen tum Acidi Carbolici.Lin imenturn A cidi Carbolici . Collodium H aemostaticum.

Lotio Acidi Carbolici. Sodii Sulphocarbolas.

ACIDUM CHROMICUM

CH RoMI C ACID

Synonym.—Chromic Anhydride.

Composition.-Cr0 3 .

Mode of Preparation — By adding to one measure of a

saturated solution of potassium dichromate one and a halfmeasures of con cen tra ted sulphuric a cid, by small portionsat a time, and allowing the solution to cool, when chromicanhydride crysta llises out .

Characters and Tests— Crystall ine in fine crimsonneedles, whi ch are deliquescen t, and very soluble in wa ter.

They decompose sometimes with explosion when mixed

Pour an ounce or two of the flu id acid into a gallon bottle,nearly fill the bottle with water , shak e, and set aside for twentyfour hours. From the undissolved acid decant the aqueoussolutionfor use.


with alcohol. An explosion occurs when 1par t of chromicanhydride is mixed with 2 parts of glycerin .

Actions and Un a - Extern a lly in solution (from 5 to

2 0 per cen t.) it a cts as a caustic. I n the solid form itrapidly destroys tissue (on accoun t of its affin ity for water),forming an eschar . I t is a powerfu l disinfectan t.

ACI DUM GALLICUM

GALLIC ACID

Composition — H 4)7H 30 5,H 2 0 .

Mode of Preparation—Tak e of

Ga lls, in coarse powder 1pound.

DistilledWa ter A su fficien cy.

Pla ce the powdered ga lls in a porcela in dish , pour on as

much wa ter as will con vert it in to a thick paste, and k eepit in this moist condition for six week s

,at a temperature

between 60° and 70° 5 at the end of that time boil the pastefor twen ty-m in utes with for ty-five oun ces of water , stra inthrough ca lico, and when the fluid has cooled collect thecrystalline deposit which has formed, and let it drain . I f

the ga llic acid is requ ired very pure, it shou ld be recrystal

l ised.

Characters and Tests— Crysta lline in acicular prismsor silky needles of a fawn colour it is soluble 1 in 100

parts of cold wa ter , but dissolves in 3 partsof boiling waterSoluble a lso in rectified spirit 1 in 8, glycerin 1in 2 0. I t

leaves no residue on ign ition wi th freeaccess of a ir , it givesa blu ish-bla ck precipitate with a ferr ic salt, but no precipitate with a ferrous salt or a solution of gelatin , showingthe absen ce of tan n ic acid.

Actions and Uses.— The same asTann ic Acid .


ACIDUM HYDROCHLORIOUM

HYDROCH LORIC ACID

Synonyms.—Muriatic A cid Spirit of Sa lt.

Composition—Wa ter holding in solution 318 per cent.of its weight of hydroch loric a cid gas, H O] .

Mode of Preparation — By disti lling a mixture of

sodium chloride, sulphu ric a cid, and wa ter, and a llowingthe distilla te to pass in to a receiver contain ing distilledwater.

Sodium Sulphur ic H ydrochloric Sodium

Chloride. Acid. Acid. Sulphate.

2 N aCl mm N a 2 S0 4

Sodium sulphate remains in the retor t, while hydrochloricacid gas passes over and is absorbed by the water in the

receiver .

Characters and Tests.— Colour less, strongly acid liquid,

which emits white vapours and has a pungen t odour . Sp .

gr. With si lver n itrate it gives a wh ite curdy preci

pitate (silver chloride), which is soluble in ammon ia but

insoluble in boilin g nitric acid. Should en tirely evaporateon the application of heat, and, after being diluted wi thfour times its volume of distilled wa ter , should give no

precipitate with hydrosulphuric a cid or barium chloride,proving the absen ce of lead, copper , and su lphuric acidn either should a strip of polished copper tarnish when boiledwith the acid thus diluted, showing the absence of arseni cand an timony.

Actions and Uses—I n ter n ally — I n excessive doses,

irritant poison ; in m edicinal doses, toni c. Said to act as

a litholytic on earthy phosphates and carbonates probablyit possesses this property only when injected into the


bladder . I f employed for this purpose, it must be highlydiluted. See A cidum H ydrochloricum Dilu tum . Exter

n a lly— Caustic

,astringen t, an tiseptic.

Doses— For in terna l use,A cidum Hydrochloricum

Dilutum is employed .

Modes of Appl ication.—For externa l use the part is

pain ted with the acid.

Antidotes— Carbonate of lime (cha lk or whiting) magn esia ; carbon ate of magnesia ; demu lcen t drinks largedraughts of water .

Preparation—A cidum H ydrochloricum D ilutum .

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORI CUM DI LUTUM

DILUTE HYDROCH LORIC ACID

Composition—Six fluid oun ces of this preparation con

sist of water holding in solution 365 gra ins (one molecularweight) of hydrochloric acid gas, H Cl.

Mode of Preparation—Take ofHydrochloric Acid 8 fluid oun ces.

D istilled Wa ter A sufliciency.

Mix the hydrochloric acid with sixteen fluid oun ces ofthe distilled wa ter , and add more water , so that a t 60°F .

the m ixture sha ll measure twen ty-six and a half fluidoun ces.

Characters and Tests— Sp . gr . 10 52 . For tests, see

Acidum Hydrochloricum .

Actions and Uses—Ton ic and litholytic internally.

Doses.—HORSE , 1to 4 fluid drachms.

— CATTLE , 1to 4

flu id drachms.— SHEEP, 10 to 2 0 minims.

—PI G, 10 to 2 0

min ims.—DOG, 2 to 10 m in ims.

14 VETERINARY PHARMACOPcEIA

Modes of Application — Dilu ted with about a hundredtimes its bulk of wa ter

,or combined with in fusions of

vegetable ton ics. As a litholytic, see A cidum Hydrochloricum .

I ncompatibles.— Carbonates sulphides ; salts of silver .

Antidotes.— Same as to A cidum Hydrochloricum .

ACIDUM HYDROOYANI CUM DI LUTUM

DILUTED HYDROCYAN I C ACI D

Synonym.—Prussic A cid.

Composition .-Water con tain ing 2 per cen t.

‘by weight

of real hydrocyan ic a cid, H ON or H Cy.

Mode of Preparation — By distilling a mixture of potassium ferrocyan ide, sulphuric a cid, and water .

Potassium Sulphur ic Hydrocyan ic Potassium-H ydroFerrocyan ide. Acid. Acid. gen Sulph ate.

2 K4FeCy6 6H 2 80 4 GH Cy 6KE SO4

Potassium -ferrous Ferrocyan ide(Everitt

’s Yellow salt).

K 2 FeFeCy6

Potassium -hydrogen sulpha te and potassium - ferrous ferrocyan ide rema in in the retort, hydrocyan ic acid a ecompan ied by water passes over in to the receiver , in to which a

quan tity of water has been previously p laced. By the

addition of water the distillate is made of such a strengththat 100 gra in s or 110 m in imsof it precipitated with silvern itrate shall yield ten grains of silver cyan ide .

CharactersandTests.— Colourless liquid

,with a pecu liar

Scheele’s Prussic acid, as met with in the shops, is a prepara

tion of uncertain strength , the amount of real hydrocyanic acidcontained in it varying from one to four per cent.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA 15

odour .

1 Sp . gr . 0 997. With potassium hydrate and a

m ixture of ferrous and ferric sulphates it yields, afterbeing a cidulated with hydrochlor ic acid, a precipitate of

Prussian blue. Silver n itra te furn ishes a white cu rdy precipitate of silver cyan ide which is soluble in ammon ia and

in boi ling n itric acid. Bar ium chloride should give no

precipitate, proving the absen ce of su lphur ic acid and sul

phates.

Actions and Uses.— I n terna lly — I n excessive doses,

narcotic poison in medicina l doses, sedative, an tispasmodic ,and anodyn e. U sed in chron ic cough, chorea , epilepsy,chron ic vom iting, carditis, pa lpitation of the heart, rheu

matism,and tetanus.

Doses— HORSE , 2 0'

to 30 m in ims.— CATTLE, 2 0 to 30

m in ims.— SH EEP, 5 to 10 m in ims.

— PI G,5 to 10 m in ims.

DOG, 1to 3 m in ims.

To preven t a cciden ts, the sma ller doses shou ld be givenat first, and afterwards gradually in creased.

Modes of Application — I n ter n a lly— Diluted with

wa ter . I n troublesome cough in horses, twen ty min ims of

the a cid with a dra chm each of camphor and extra ct ofbelladonn a , made in to a ball with powdered liquorice or

linseed meal, and given two or three times a day. To the

dog, in obstina te vom iting, two gra ins of the acid with tengra ins of ca rbonate of soda and one oun ce of water may be

admin istered every hou r . One drachm of the acid withabou t a quar t of wa ter , employed slowly as an enema two

or three times a day, lessen s muscular con tractions intetanus. Extern a lly z— To allay pain and irritation in

chroni c sk in affections, especially in dogs, two to threedrachms of the acid are mixed with a pin t of distilled or

ra in wa ter .

1 This character shou ld be very cautiously observed, as the

vapour of the acid, when inhaled, is high ly dangerous.

16 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEI A

I ncompatibles.—N itrate of silver sulphates and chlorides of iron with an a lka li .

Antidotes. —Fresh a ir 5 afl'

usions of cold water inhalation of ammon ia or chlorine freshly precipitated hydratedperoxide of iron mixed with an alk a line carbonate.

ACIDUM NI TRI CUM

N ITRIC ACID

Synonym.—‘

Aqua fortis.

Composition —Wa ter con ta in ing 70 per cen t. of realn itric a cid, H NOa.

Mode of Preparation— By distillin g a mixture of potessium (or sodium) n itrate and con cen trated su lphuric acid

potassium -hydrogen sulphate remains in the retort, and

n itric acid distils over .

Potassium Sulphuric N itric Potassium -HydroN itrate. Acid. Acid. gen Sulphate;KNo3 I I ,so4 HN 0 3 KE SO,

Characters andTests.— Colourless liqu id. Sp . gr .

boiling-poin t, 2 50°F . Exposed to a ir

,it emits acrid and

corrosive fumes. Copper dropped in to a mixture of equal

parts of the acid and wa ter causes the evolution of a

colourless gas (nitric oxide), which , as it mixes with theoxygen of the a ir , forms ruddy fumes (n itrous anhydride,N 2 0 3 , and n itric peroxide, N A crysta l of ferrous sulphate dropped in to the a cid, dilu ted with an equal bulk ofwater , becomes surroundedby a brown cloud if the m ixturebe cold. The acid shou ld leave n o residue on evaporation .

D ilu ted with six times its volume of distilled water , itshould give no precipita te with barium n itra te or silvern itrate, showing the absen ce of sulphuric and hydrochloricacids.


then add more water, so that—at 60

°F . the mixture sha llmeasure thirty-on e fluid oun ces.

Tests. - Colourless, sour . Sp . gr. 1101.

Actions and Uses. —I n tefrn a lly : —Ton ic, astringen t ;during co-nvalescence from debilitating disorders, in chron icsk in diseases, and in chron ic en largemen t of the liver incattle.

Doses.—HORSE, 1 to 3 fluid dract .— CATTLE, 2 to 4

fluid drachms.— SH EEP, 10 to 2 0 m in ims.

— PI G, 10 to 2 0

m in ims.—DOG, 2 to 10 minims.

Mode of Application — D ilu ted with from fifty to a

hundred times its bulk of water .

I ncompatibles.—Alka lies, earths, and other oxides

carbonates bicarbonates ; su lphides ; su lpha te of iron

and acetate of lead.

Antidotes.—See Acidum N itricum .

ACIDUM NITRO-HYDROCHLORICUMDI LUTUM

DI LU TED N I TRO-HYDROCHLORI C ACI D

Synonym.— Diluted Aqua Regia .

Composition —An aqueous solution of chlorine, chloron itric and 0hloro~ni trous gases.

Mode of Preparation—Take ofN itric A cid 3 fluid oun ces.

Hydrochloric A cid 4 fluid ounces.

D istilledWater 2 5 flu id oun ces.

Mix the acids and allow them to remain for at leasttwen ty-four hours in a bottle, the mouth of which is


partia lly closed then add the water in successive portions,shake the bottle after each addition , and preserve the

mixture in a stoppered bottle .

On mixing the a cids they gradua lly suffer mu tua ldecomposition .

N itric Hydr och loric Chloro n itricAcid Acid. Chlorine . Gas Watat .er

1. 2 HN0 3 6H Cl Cl 2 2 NOC12 4H 2 0

N itric Hydrochloric Chloro-n itrousAcid. Ac1d. Chlorine. Gas. Water .

2 . HNO3 3H Cl 012 NOCl 2 H 2 O

CharactersandTests.—~ Colour less liqu id. Sp . gr . 1074.

D issolves gold leaf.

ActionsandUses— I n texn a lly — I n excessive doses, irritan t poison in medicina l doses, a lterative and ton ic. For

the latter purposes it is preferred to either n itric or hydrochloric a cid separa tely.

Doses—HORSE,1to 3 flu id dract .

— CATTLE, 2 to 4

fluid '

dra.ct .— SHEEP

,10 to 2 0 min ims.

— PI G,10 to 2 0

m in ims.—DOG, 2 to 10 min ims.

Mode of Application—D iluted with n ot less than a

hundred times its bulk of wa ter .

I ncompatibles.

Antidotes.

Same asA cidum N itricum D ilutum .

ACIDUM PHOSPHORI CUM CONCENTRATUMPHOSPHORI C ACID

Synonym.—Orthophosphoric a cid.

Composition .~ —H 3PO4 with 33 per cen t. of water .

Mode of Preparation — By hea ting phosphorus withdilu te n itr ic acid un til ni trous fumes cea se to form and

dilu ting with water un til the sp . gr . is

2 O VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

CharactersandTests.—A colourless, sour , syrupy liquid,

with an acid reaction . I n diluted solution it gives a.yellow

precipitate with silver n itrate.

Actions and Uses— Exter n a lly—An irritan t and

escharotic.

ACIDUM PHOSPHORI CUM DI LUTUMDI LU TE PHOSPHORI C

‘

ACID

Composition—Wa ter con ta in ing 138 per cen t. of

H 3PO4.

Mode of Preparation—By m ixing three parts of con

centrated phosphoric a cid with twen ty of water.

Actions and Uses— I n debilitated conditions of the

system,has the repu tation of check ing tuberculosis. I t is

a good tonic, and useful in bron chia l catarrh.

D0868.—HORSE, 1to 2 dra chms—Dos, 5 to 10 min ims.

Preparations—Phosphates of ammon ia iron and

soda Syrupus ferr i qu in inse et strychn ines phosphatum ;

syrup of the phospha tes of iron, quin ine, and strychnine(Easton

’s syrup) con ta ins iron phosphate qu inine

strychn in e phosphoric a cid 8, sugar 60, water

q .s. ad 100 parts ea ch drachm con ta ins about 31, gr . of

strychnine.

ACIDUM SALI CYLI CUM

SALI CYLI C ACI D

Synonym—Hydroxyben zoic a cid.

Composition.—HC7H 50 3 or

Mode of Preparation —By passing carbonic anhydridethrough sodium phenol for severa l hours

,heating to 482 °F .

,

and treating the residue with dilu te hydrochloric acid.

VETERINARY PI-IARMACOPCEIA 2 1

Characters and Tests—A colourless powder, usua llycrysta llising in minu te a cicu lar crysta ls. Taste at firstsweet, a fterwards bitter . Soluble in water

, 1in 500 to700

more soluble in hot water , a lcohol, and ether . Ferricchloride gives a violet colour both with the acid and its

salts. Copper sulphate gives an emerald green colou r .

Actions and Th ea—Antiseptic, an tipyretic, both the

a cid,and sodium salicylate are employed in the treatmen t

of rheumatism. Extern a lly— I t is used as a dressing for

wounds, and to relieve the itching and discharge of eczema

and psoriasis. Also in the trea tment of open joints.

Doses.—HORSES and CATTLE , 1 to 2 drachms ; SHEEP

and Does, from 10 to 15 gra ins.

Preparations.—Solution of one part each of salicylic

acid and borax to thirty or fifty parts of water , used forsoak ing lin t, &c.,

as an an tiseptic covering for wounds.

Ointment—Salicylic a cid, one part, m ixed warm withtwen ty to twen ty-five of vaselin .

The R F . oin tmen t con tain s one part salicyclic a cid,

eighteen soft paraffin , and n in e hard parafl'

in .

ACIDUM SULPHURI CUM

SU LPHU R I C ACID

Synonym—Oil of Vitriol.

Composition—96 8 per cen t. by weight of sulphurichydra te, H 2 SO4, with 3 2 per cen t. of water .

Mode ofPreparation—Sulphu rousanhydride, vapou r ofn itri c a cid, steam, and a ir a re conducted in to a leaden

chamber, where they react upon one another in the followi ng manner

Sulphurous Nitr ic Sulphuric N itric

Anhydride. Acid. Water . Acid. Ox1de

eso, 2 HNC , 2 112 0 : 3H ,SO 2 NO

2 2 VETERINARY PHARMAcorcEIA

The resulting n itric oxide abstracts oxygen from the air,

and becomes n itric peroxide

N itric

Oxide . Oxygen .

NO

The n itric peroxide thus formed oxidises further quan titiesof sulphu rous anhydride, and, with the assistan ce of steam ,

converts it in to sulphuric acid

Sulphurous N itric Sulphuric Nitric.

Anhydride. Peroxide. Water . Acid. Oxide.

soz No2 H 2 O H ,so, No

The acid produced in the leaden chambers is very dilu teit is con cen trated by evaporation ,

first in leaden basins,andfinally in glass or platinum retorts.

Characters andTests.-Colour less, heavy, oily, in tensely

acid liqu id. Sp . gr . 1843 . Mixed with water , much heatis evolved. Diluted with five or six times its volume of

water,it gives, with barium chloride, a white precipitate

(barium sulphate), which is insoluble in ni tric acid ; itshou ld yield n o precipitate or dark en ing of colour wi thhydrosulphur ic acid, indicating the absen ce of lead. Whena solu tion of ferrous su lphate is carefully poured upon the

surface of the acid, there shou ld be no brown colour developed where the two liquids un ite, showing the absen ce of

n itric acid and oxides of n itrogen . The acid should leaveno residue on evaporation .

ActionsandUses.—I n ter n a lly — I rr itan t and corrosive

poison see A cidum Sulphuricum Dilutum . Extern a llyEmployed as a caustic for the remova l of warts and can

cerous growths.

Mode ofApplication —Made into a paste with flowers ofsulphur , sawdust, finely powdered charcoal, or dried a lum.

Antidotes. - Same as for Acidum N itricum

VETERINARY PHARMACOPcEIA 2 3

ACIDUM SULPHURI CUM DILUTUM

DI LU TED SU LPHU RI C ACI D

Composition—Water con tain ing 12 42 per cent. of realsulphu ric acid, H 2 SO4.

Mode of Preparation—Take of

Su lphuric Acid 7fluid ounces.

Distilled Water A sufficien cy.

Place seven ty-seven fluid oun ces of distilled water in a

thin glass or earthenware vessel, and then pour in to it theseven flui d oun ces of acid. Stir the mixture“

,and, when

cooled to 60°F ., add more wa ter , so that it shall measureeighty-three and a half fluid oun ces.

Characters and Tests. —Colourless, sour liquid. Sp .gr .

10 94.

ActionsandUsed—I n tern ally z—I n excessive doses, irr itan t poison in medi cin al doses, astringent ; also ton i cduring convalescence, and in other cases in which mineraltoni cs are indicated. Externa lly —Astringen t.

Doses. —H ORsE , 2 to 4 flu id drachms—CATTLE , 2 to 4flu id drachms.—SHEEP, 10 to 2 0 min ims.—PI G, 10 to 2 0min ims.—DOG, 2 to 10 m in ims.

Modes of Application—I n tern a lly —As a ton ic, it isgiven di luted with from fifty to a hundred times its bulkof water. I n diarrhoea a nd dysen tery, accompan ied bya lka line discharges, two fluid drachms of acid, with one

fluid oun ce of laudanum ,may be admin istered twi ce a day

in gruel or some mucilaginous dr ink. One fluid dra chmof this acid, with one ounce each of sulphur ic ether and

powdered cinchona bark, is sometimes given in gruel or

2 4 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEIA

ale to horses suffering from typhoid influen za . I n cases ofrelaxed and u lcerated sore throat in horses, the a cid, highlydilu ted with water , may be slowly given .

Extern a lly—Asan astringen t, thirtymin imsof a cid in

one fluid oun ce of water .

I ncompatibles.

Antidotes.

Same as A cidum N itricum .

ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM

SU LPHU ROU S ACI D

Composition —Water con tain ing 92 per cen t. by weightof sulphurous anhydride (su lphurous acid gas), S0 2 .

l

Mode of PreparationF— Take of

Sulphuric Acid 4 flu id oun ces.

Wood Charcoa l, in coarse powder 1oun ce.

Common Water 2 flu id oun ces.

D istilledWater 2 0 flu id oun ces.

Pu t the charcoal and sulphuric acid in to a glass flask,

connected by a glass tube with a wash -bottle con tain ingthe two fluid oun ces of common water

,when ce a second

tube leads in to a pin t bottle con tain ing the distil led water ,to the bottom of which the gas-delivery tube shou ld pass.

Apply heat to the flask un til gas is evolved, which is to beconducted through the water I n the wash bottle, and thenin to the distilled water, the latter being k ept cold, and the

Equal to 1178 per cent. of hypothetical sulphurous acid,H SO, .

2 For fumigating or disinfecting purposes, su lphurous anhydridemay be easily evolved by setting fire to a few fragments of rollsulphur (brimstone) placed in a saucer or other su itable vessel .

Sulphur . Oxygen from air . Sulphurous Anhydride .

S O, SO2

2 6 VETERINARY PHARMAcomE iA

below, and taken from the ‘British Pharmacopoeia of 1867

ismixed with gallic acid, CGI I 2 (OH )3CO2 H .

1

Mode ofPreparation — Take of

kgihef

ralls 1? POWderOf each a sufliciency.

Expose the powderedgalls to a damp atmosphere for twoor three days, and afterwards add Sufli cient ether to forma soft paste. Let this stand in a well -closed vessel fortwen ty-four hours

,then , having quick ly enveloped it in a

linen cloth , subm it it to a strong pressure in a suitable pressso as to separate the liqu id portion . Reduce the pressedcake -to powder , mix it with sufficient ether , to which one

sixteenth of itsbu lk of water hasbeen added,to form again

a soft paste, and press this as before. Mix the expressedliquids

,and expose the mixture to a spon taneous evapora

tion un til, by the aid subsequen tly of a little heat, it hasa cqu ired the consisten ce of a soft extract ; then pla ce iton ear then platesor dishes, and dry it in a hot -a ir chamberat a temperature not exceeding 2 12 °F .

U nder the combined influen ce of moisture and atmospheric oxygen tann ic a cid is, according to one view

,con

verted in to gallic acid, water , and carbon ic anhydride, and,according to another View,

in to gallic acid and glucose.

Characters and Tests—Pa le yellow vesicu lar masses or

thin glisten ing scales, strongly astrin gen t taste,and a cid

rea ction . Readily soluble in water,ten in eight parts, and

rectified spirit, sparingly soluble in ether . With an

aqueous solu tion gelatin gives a yellowish -white precipitate(gelatin tannate), and ferric chloride furn ishesa bluish-black

By some practitioners gallic acid is regarded as being a moreeffective astringent and styptic than tannic acid, and is prescribedin cases where hae morrhage has to be reached through the circu

lation . The doses are the same as those of tannic acid.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA 2 7

precipitate (ferric tannate). The a cid should leave no

residue when burned with free access of a ir .

Actions and Uses. —I n tern a lly and ExternallyAstr in gen t and styptic. Employed to dimin ish mucousdischarges, as in diar rhoea and dysen tery ; also used as a

verm icide. An tidote to tartar emetic a lso to strychn ia ,morphia, and other a lkaloidal poisons. Tann ic acid is an

ingredient of styptic collodion .

Doses—HORSE, 2 0 to 60 grains—CATTLE , 2 0 to 60

grains—SH EEP, 4 to 12 grains—PI G, 4 to 12 gra ins.

DOG,1to 3 gra ins.

ModesofApplication—I n tern a lly —E ither in the formof bolus, pill, or solu tion in water or spirit of wine. Ex

tern a lly— On e pa rt of a cid dissolved in six parts water or

U nguentum A cidi Tann ici .

I ncompatibles.—Minera l a cids alkalies salts of lead,silver, iron , an timony a lkaloids gelatin , and emu lsions.

Preparations.—Glycerinum A cidi Tann ici U nguentumAcidi Tanni ci.

ACONITI FOLIA

ACON I TE LEAVES

The fresh leaves and flowering tops ofAcon fi tum N ap ellu s

(Monkshood, Wolfsbane, Blue Rocket), gathered whenabout one third of the flowers are expanded, from plan tscu ltivated in Br itain .

Natural 0rder .—Ranun cu laceoe.

Characters—Leaves smooth, palmate, divided in to fivedeeply cut wedge-shaped segmen ts, which are further

2 8 VETERINARY PHARMACOP(E IA

in cised in a pinnatified manner , dark green above, pa lerbeneath slowly exciting, when cau tiou sly chewed, a sensation of tingling. Flowers numerous, irregu lar , deep blue indense racemes.

ActionsandUses— I n tern ally z— I n excessivedoses,cere

bro-spin a l poison in medicinal doses,sedative and anodyne

Exter n a lly— Occasiona lly applied to a llay neuralgi c and

rheumatic pains for this purpose, however , Lin imentum

A con iti or Tin ctura Acon iti is usua lly preferred.

Antidotes—Emetics, when they can be employed ;stimu lan ts

,in tern ally and externally.

Preparations.— Extractum Acon iti Lin imentum Aco

n iti Tin ctura Aconiti .

ACONITI RADIX

ACCN I TE ROOT

The dried root of Acon i tum Nap ellu s. I mported fromGermany or cu ltivated in Brita in , and collected in thewin teror ea rly spring, before the leaves have appeared.

Natural order .—Ran u ncu la cece.

Characters— U sually from one to three inches long,not

more than abou t three quarters of an in ch in thickn ess at

the crown , tapering extern ally, blackish -brown internally,whitish earthy odour . A m in ute portion cau tiouslychewed causes prolonged tingling and numbness.

Antidotes— See Acon iti Folia .

Preparations.—Aconitia ; Linimentum A con iti ; and

Tinctura Acon iti.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEIA 2 9

ACONITINA

ACON I TI NE

Synonym.—Acon itia .

A highly poisonous a lkaloid, 0 3 3H 43NO”,

residing in,

and form ing the a ctive prin ciple of, the root, leaves, and

other parts of several species of aconite. N ot used inveter inary practice, as it is very costly.

ADEPS PRE PARATUS

PREPARED LARD

Obtained from Sus scrof a .

Natural order .—Pachydermata .

Synonyms.—Axungia Hog ’s Lard.

Composition.—A mixture of 38 per cen t. of margarin

and stea rin and pa lm itin , with 62 per cent. of olein .

Preparation—The fat of the hog (Sus scrofa), takenfrom the loins, omen tum , and mesen tery, is deprived of its

membranes and pur ified by being kneaded with cold wa ter ,melted, strained, dried at a little above 2 12 °F .

,again

strained through flannel, and final ly run in to bladders or

casks and allowed to solidify.

Characters and Tests—Soft, white, fatty substan ce,melting a t abou t 100°F . Should not have a ran cid odour,and should dissolve en tirely in ether . I f boi led with distilled wa ter and filtered, the filtrate shou ld give no precipi

tate with silver n itrate, showing the absen ce of commonsalt and, when qu ite cold, no blue colour with solution of

iodine, proving the absen ce of starch and flour .

30 VETERINARY PHARMACOH E IA

Actions and Uses.— Chiefly employed externally as a

simple dressing to u lcers and blistered surfaces, which itsoftens and protects from the irr itating action of the atmo

sphere and of a cr id discharges. Occasiona lly to kill thea carus in mange, scab, and similar complain ts. Extensively used in the preparation of oin tments.

Synonyms—Ethylic Oxide E thylic Ether SulphuricEther .

Composition—About 92 per cen t. of pure ether(C 2 H 5)2 0 or C4H 100 , with about 8 per cen t. of impurities,chiefly water and a lcohol.

Preparation — Tak e ofRectified Spirit 50 fluid oun ces.

Sulphuric Acid 10 flu id oun ces.

Chloride of Ca lcium 10 ounces.

Slaked Lime oun ce.

D istilledWater 13 fluid oun ces.

Mix the su lphur ic acid with twelve fluid oun ces of thespirit in a glass retor t capable of holding at least two pin tsconnect the retort with a Liebig

’

s condenser to which a

receiver has been attached, and distil ‘with a heat sufficien tto ma in ta in the liqu id in br isk ebu llition . A llow the

rema inder of the spirit to slowly flow in a con tinuousstream in to the retort. For this purpose use a tube fu rn ished with a stopcock to regulate the supply, connectingone end of the tube with a vessel con tain ing the spir i

traised above the level of the retor t

,and passing the other

end through a cork fitted in to the neck of the retort.When the whole of the spirit has been added

, and forty-two

VETERINARY PHARMAcoc IA 31

fluid oun ces of impure ether have distilled over, the processmay be stopped.

Dissolve the chloride of ca lcium in the distilled water ,add the lime, and agitate the mixture in a bottle with theimpure ether the chloride of calcium absorbs water , andthe lime sulphurous acid. Lea ve the mixture at rest forten minutes, pour off the ligh t supernatan t flu id, and distilit with a gen tle heat un til a glass bead of sp . gr. 0735

pla ced in the receiver begins to float. The product is etherof the composition a lready sta ted.

I n the foregoing process the decomposition takes placein two stages

Sulphur ic SulphethylicAlcohol Water .

1. 0 2 H 50H HA

:s4 0 21—15

C

H SO4 H 2 0

Sulphethylic SulphuricAlcohol. Aci

2 o,H ,0H 0 2 H 5Hso, (cE

H:)2 0 H 2 so4

The ether distils over , and the su lphuric acid remains inthe retort.

Characters and Tests.— Colourless, very volatile, andinflammable liquid, emitting a strong and characteristicodour, and boilin g below 105°F . Sp . gr . 0735. Fiftymeasures shaken with an equal volume of water are reducedto forty-five, by an absorption of 10 per cent. I t shouldevaporate withou t residue.

Actions and Uses.— I n temmlby z— Stimulan t, narcotic,a nd an tispasmodic.— Eactem a lly

-Refrigeran t. I nhaled,it a cts as an anaesthetic . U sed also in the production of

local anaesthesia .

DOBeS.—HORSE, l to 2 fluid 0 un ces.

—CATTLE, 2 to 3

fluid oun ces—SHEEP, 2 to 4 flu id dract .—PI G, 2 to 4

fluid drachms. —DOG, to 2 fluid drachms.

3 2 VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA

Modes of Application —As a stimu lan t and an tispas

modic, it is given wi th ten parts cold wa ter as a refr ige

ran t,it is applied to the part either a lone or m ixed with

a cooling lotion as a general anaesthetic, a sponge saturatedwith it is placed in the bottom of a nose -bag attachedto the patien t

’

s head,and perforated so as to ensure the

ether vapour being mixed with air . For the produ ction of

loca l anaesthesia,D r . R ichardson ’

s spray-diffuser must be

employed.

Preparations. —Collodium Collodium Flexile SpiritusJEtheris.

ALBUMEN OVI

EGG ALBUMEN

Liqu id white of the egg of the Ga llu s Bankiva,var .

domesticu s.

Natural order . Ga llium.

Composition.— Consists of carbon ,

hydrogen , oxygen ,

n itrogen ,su lphur , and phosphorus, but the molecular

weight has not yet been determ ined.

Actions and Uses—Asan an tidote to corrosive poisons.l

Doses— Ad libitum .

Modes of Application—Before adm inistration it shouldbe wh isk ed, either a lone or with wa ter or demulcen tdrinks.

ALOE BARBADENSIS

BARBADOES ALOES

The inspissated ju ice of the lea f of Aloe vu lgar is, belonging to the natu ral order Li liaceae. I mported from Barbadoes, usually in gourds.

Serum from blood, emulsions of bean or pea mea l, or m ilk , maybe used in the absence of egg albumen .

34 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGJIA

Characters—Glossy, resinous appearan ce dark browncolour , with a strong, green ish-

yellow shade, especiallywhen in small fragmen ts strong, disagreeable odour ,

in creased by breathing on it 5 a crid,bitter taste very

brittle and readi ly reduced to powder , which has a shin inggreenish -

yellow colour .

Actions and Uses.

Doses.

Modes of Application .

Sim ilar to those of Aloe Barbadensis.

ALOE SOCOTRI NA

SOCOTRI N E ALOES

The inspissated ju ice of the lea f of one or more un

determined species of A loe, probably from Aloe scoot/r ind

and Aloe p urp um scens, belonging to the natura l orderLi liaceae. I mported from the island of Socotra

,also from

Zan zibar . I t comes over in sk in s, casks, kegs, and chests.

Composition—Similar to Aloe Barbadensis.

Characters—Occurs in masses,varying in colour in

different parts of the same mass, sometimes garnet red, at

other times much pa ler , and when qu ite dry golden red,

yielding a golden -

yellow powder . The colour is deepenedby exposure to a ir fine pieces break with a smooth, glassy,con choida l fracture, bu t specimens of good quali ty oftenbreak with a roughish fracture . The taste is very bitter,and the odour of fresh -brok en pieces (especia lly whenbreathed on ) is very fragran t ; it dissolves en tirely in proofspirit, and during solution exhibits under the microscopenumerousminu te crysta ls.

Actions and Uses.Doses.


Sim ila r to those of Aloe Barbadensis.


Synonym.— A lcine.

Composition — C 7H l E,O.,

This is the pr in cipal constituen t of a loes, of which it

forms abou t 60 per cen t. I t is con ta ined in the coldin fusion of a loes, and also in a decoction which has cooledit may be obtained from either by evaporation . Thus

procured it is a brown bitter mass, readily soluble in waterbu t with difficu lty in alcohol . I ts insolubility in ether distinguishes it from the bitter pr in ciple of rhubarb.

DoseS.— HORSE , l to lgdrachm .

—DOG, 3 to 2 0 gra ins.

Synonyms.— Potassium-aluminum Sulphate Potassium

A lum .

Composition —KA I 2 SO 2 Aq ,orK 2 SO4.A12 (SO4)3 2 4Aq .

Mode of Preparation — There a re various modes, but

the following is the simplest z—Corn ish or pipe clay is

boiled with sulphu ric a cid, so as to form aluminum sulphatean d silica .

Clay Silica(Alum inum Su lphuric Alum in um (SilicicSilicate) Acid. Sulphate . Anhydr ide). W ater .

3H ,so4 A12 (SO, )3 seio, 3H ,o

1 I n the last British Pharmacopoeia ammon ium a lum,

is substituted for potassium alum . When soluticn

of ammon ium a lum is m ixed with potassium hydrate, ammoniacalgas is evolved and a luminum hydrate is precip itated, which dissolvesin excess of the alkali .

3 6 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

The aluminum sulphate, after being separated from the

silica , is m ixed with solu tion of potassiom su lphate ; thetwo salts unite, and on evaporation crysta llise out as

a lumK,so4 2 4H ,o

Characters and Tests.—

.Colourless transparen t crystalline masses

,exh ibiting the faces of the regular octahedron ,

and having an astringen t taste.

I ts aqueous solu tion gives a white gelatinou s precipitate

(alum i num hydrate) with potassium hydrate soluble inexcess of this reagen t

,indicating the presen ce of a lum inum .

A platinum wire moisten ed with the solution , held in the

reducing flame of the blowpipe, commun ica tes a violetcolou r to the flame

,showing the presen ce of potassium .

Bar ium chloride added to the aqueous solution gives a whiteprecipitate (barium su lphate), insoluble in n itric a cid

, proving that the compound is a sulphate. Potassium ferrocyan ide shou ld not produ ce either a pale or dark bluecolour , showing the absen ce of iron .

Actions and Uses— I n ter n a lly— I n excessive doses,

i rritan t poison in medicinal doses, astringen t in diarrhoea ,dysentery, and obstinate diabetes 5 as an an tidote to poisoning by lead, and to arrest the secretion of m ilk in cows

,

Exter n a lly—Astringen t to Open join ts and wounded

thecze as a collyr ium in chron ic conjun ctivitis ; a lsostyptic .

Doses—HORSE, 2 to 4 drachms.—CATTLE

,2 to 4

drachms— SH EEP,

to 2 drachms.—PI G

, % to 2 drachms.

Doc,10 to 30 grains.

Modes of Application — I n tern a lly z— Dissolved in

water , or in the form of bolus, either alone or in conjun ctionwith Opium and carm inatives. Exter n a lly

—Pu lvis A lumin is Compositus spr ink led over the wound ; otherwiseapply Liquor Aluminis, or U nguen tum A lum in is Com


positum, or, in cases of open join ts, one part of finely powdered alum with two or three parts of flour may be dustedover the open ing.

I ncompatibles. -Tanni c acid and vegetable astringen tscon taining it a lka lies, earths, and their carbonates acetateof lead.

Prepar ations—Alumen Exsiccatum Liquor AluminisCompositus U nguen tum Alumin is U nguen tum Alumin isCompositum.

ALUMEN EXSI CCATUM

DRIED ALUM

Synonym—Burn ed A lum.

Composition.—Alum deprived of its water of crystalli

sation by heat.

Mode of Preparation — Heat alum in a porcelain dishtill aqueous vapour ceases to be given off, taking care thattemperature never exceeds 400°F . Pu lverise the residue,and preserve in a well-stoppered bottle.

Actions and Uses— Caustic and astringen t employedexternally for the same purposes as a lum , than which it ismore powerful.

Preparation—Pa lms A lumin is Compositus.

AMMONIACUM

AMMON IACUM

Synonym—Gum Ammoni a cum .

A gum-resinous exudation from D orema Ammon iacum.

Collected in Persia and the Punjaub.

Natural Order. Umbelliferce.


Composition .—C40H 3 00 9. When distilled yields um

belliferone C9H 60 3 .

Characters— I n tears or masses ; the tears from one

fifth to fou r -fifths of a n in ch in diameter , pale cinnamon

brown , breaking with a smooth , shining, Opaque, whitesu rfa ce the masses composed of agglutinated tears, harda nd brittle when cold, but readily soften in g with heat .Fa in t odour, and a bitter , a cr id, n auseous taste. Rubbedwith water , it form s a n early W hite emu lsion .

Actions and Uses— I n ter n a lly :— Stimu lan t and antispasmodic in coughs, spasmodic n ervous diseases, e.g.

chorea , epilepsy, dzc. also vermifuge.

Doses—HORSE , 2 to 4drachms.— CATTLE

,2 to4drachms.

—SHEEP, to 15drachm —PI G, to lg drachm —DOG,10 to 2 0 gra ins.

Modes of Application .—Admin istered in the form of

bolus or emulsion . As a vermifuge it may be given eitherby the mouth or the rectum .

AMMONI ZE CARBONAS

CARBONATE OF AMMON I A

Synonym.—Commercial Carbon ate Of Ammonia .

Composition —Probably 2 N H 4H 00 3 NH 4NH 2 00 2 ,fl .e. a m ixture or compound Of twomolecules of ammon ium

hydrogen carbonate and one molecule of ammon ium carbamate.

Preparation — By heating to redness a m ixtu re Of one

part Of ammon ium chloride and two parts of calcium car

bonate (chalk ), in an iron or earthenware retort, to which

is lu ted an earthenwa re or leaden receiver . When the

receiver has become filledwith the carbonate of ammon ia

VETERINARY PHARMAOORE I A 3 9

by repea ted distillations, it is broken or cut in two,and its

con ten ts removed.‘Carbon ate of Ammon ia

Ammon iumAmmon ium Calcium H ydr ogen Ammon iumCh loride . Carbonate. Carbon ate . Carbamate.

6NH,OI SCaC0 3 [2 NH ,H 00 3

Ammon iacal CalciumGas. Chloride. Water .

2 NH 3 SCaCl 2 H ,O

The ammon iaca l gas and wa ter are first disengaged,then the ‘ ca rbona te of ammonia

’distils over

,and the

ca lcium chloride rema ins in the retort.

Characters and Tests.—Translu cen t crystall ine masses

,

with a strong ammon ia ca l odour 1 and alkaline rea ctionsoluble in cold water , 2 sparingly so in spirit of wi ne .

Volatilised entirely by heat, and dissolved by acids withefl

'

ervescence. I f dissolved in slight excess of dilute n itr ica cid and boiled , the solution shou ld give no white precipitate with silver n itrate, showing the absen ce of ch lorine

,

and n o blue colour wi th pota ssium ferrocyan ide, provin gthe absen ce of iron .

Actions and Uses.—I n terna lly —I n excessive doses,

irri tan t and narcotic poison in medicina l doses,stimu lan t

,

a n tacid, and resolven t. Given in influen za, scar latina,

The odour i s due to the escape of ammon iacal gas. By expo

sure to a ir the preparation a lso loses carbon ic anhydride and

becomes ammon ium-hydrogen carbonate, which is Opaque, odour

less, and antacid, but not stimu lant ; hence, ‘ carbonate of am

monia’should be preserved in well~stoppered bottles.

2 When comm ercia l or pharmaceutica l carbonate of ammon ium

is dissolved in water, the ammoni um carbamatewhich it contains issoon tran sform ed into normal ammonium carbonate ; thus :

Ammon ium Ammon ium

Carbamate. Water . Carbon ate.

H ,o


erysipelas

,and other typhoid affections ; a lso in inflamma

tion of the lungs, pleurisy, and sim ilar complain ts.

DoseS. —HORSE , 1 to 2 dra ct .— CATTLE , 2 to 4

drachms— SHEEP, 2 0 grains to 1 drachm —PI G, 2 0 gra insto l. dra chm .

—DOG, 3 to 10 grains.

Modes of Appli cation — I n a bolus, pill, or in coldgruel

I ncompatibles.—Acids alk alies lime-water

most metallic salts.

Antidotes.—Copious draughts of water or mucilaginous

drink s, Oil, or highly dilu ted a cids.

Preparations—Liquor Ammon iac Acetatis SpiritusAmmon iac Aromaticus.

AMMONII CHLORI DUM

CHLORI DE OF AMMON I UM

Synonyms—Ammon ium Chlor ide Hydrochlorate Of

Ammon ia 3

,

Mur ia te of Ammonia Sal Ammon ia c.

Composition —N H 401.

Preparation . Gas liquor , ’ which is water holding insolution carbonate and other salts Of ammon ium

,is acidu

lated with hydrochloric acid and evaporated to dryness.

The crude ammon ium chloride, constituting the residue, is

purified by sublimation .

Characters and Tests.— Colourless, odou rless, translucen t, fibrousmasses, tough anddifficu lt to powder 5solublein water and in rectified spirit. I ts aqueous solution , heatedwith potassium hydrate , evolves ammon ia ca l gas, whichmay be recogn isedby its Odour with silver n itrate it givesa white curdy precipitate (silver chlor ide), in soluble inboiling n itric acid, soluble in ammon ia .

42 VETERINARY PHARMAOOPcE I A

a pulp with water , and washing it in a sieve. The starchpasses through the sieve

,subsides, and is collected and

dried at a gen tle heat.

CharactersandTests—White column armasses. Rubbedin a mortar with a little cold water , it should be neithera cid nor a lk a line to test-paper . Mixed with boiling watera nd cooled

,it gives a deep blue colour (starch iodide) with

solution or tin cture of iodine.

Actions and Uses.~ —I n tern a lly —D emu lcen t and emol

lien t, in the form Of gruel. Externa lly z—Applied in the

state Of dry powder , it dim in ishes the discharge fromwounds, and, m ixed with abou t on e—eighth of its weight Ofa lum ,

it is employed to ar rest the flow of synovia from Open

join ts. A lso used in the preparation Of starch bandages.

AMYL N I TRI S

N I TRI TE OF AMYL

Synonym—Amy] N itrite .

Composition — C5H l lN 0 2 .

Mode of Preparation — By passing n itrous acid in toamyl alcohol.

Characters and Tests— N itrite of amyl is a yellowishethereal liqu id ; sp . gr . of liqu id

, boiling-

poin t,2 05

°F . soluble in alcohol,in soluble in water ; converted

by fused potassium hydrate in to valerianate Of potassium

Actions and Uses.— Sedative, antispasmodic, and an

aesthetic. U sed in the treatmen t of tetanus.

Doses— As an anaesthetic the vapour of l to 3 drachms

for the H ORSE 10 to 2 0 min ims for the DOG.


ANISI FRUCTUS

AN I SE FRUIT

Synonym.—An iseed.

The fru it of Pimp in ella An isum . Cu ltivated in China ,Japan , and Tar tary.

Natural 0rder .— U7nbell1;f er ce.

Composition — The active pr in ciple is a volatile Oil . l

Characters.— Ovoid composed of two mer ica rps with

five primary r idges slightly ha iry yellowish -browncolour , pecu liar sweet aromatic Odour

,and a warm sweetish

taste .

Actions and Uses.— Stomachic

,carm ina tive

,a romatic .

U sed in terna lly in indigestion and fla tulen cy, to mask the

disagreeable flavour Of medicin es, and to dimin ish the

nausea ting and griping effects of purgatives.

Doses—HORSE , to 2 oun ces— CATTLE , 1 to 2 oun ces.

SH EEP, 2 to 3 drachms — PI G,2 to 3 draCt .

— D OG,

2 0 gra ins to l dra chm .

Modes of Application — The powdered fruit is adm in is

tered a lone, or in conjun ction with ginger or some othera rom atic

,in ale or in spir it and water .

ANTHEMI DI S FLORES

CHAMOMI LE FLOWERS

The dried single and double flower -heads of the commonchamomile, An them is n obilis. Found in a wild state in a ll

the temperate parts Of Europe. Cultivated at Mitcham ,

Derbyshire, and other parts Of England.

The volatile oi l of an ise, Oleum An isi , is commonly added to

masses as a flavouring ingredient, and is likewise employed to

destroy pediculi on dogs and other small anima ls.

44 VETERI NARY PHARMACOPGEIA

Natural 0rder .

Composition — The active prin ciples are a bitter sub

stan ce Oi unk nown composition and a volatile Oil .

Characters—The single var iety consists of both yellowtubular and white strap -shaped florets, the double of whitestrap -shaped florets on ly all arising from a con ical scalyreceptacle. Both va r ieties, but especially the single

,are

bitter and very aromatic .

Actions andUses— I n tern a lly —Ton ic and carminativein indigestion ,

and during convalescen ce a fter inflammatoryattacks.

Doses—HORSE, 2 to 6 dract .—CATTLE

,2 to 6

drachms— SHEEP, to 2 drachms—PI G,

to 2 dra chms.

—DOG,10 to 60 gra ins.

Mode of Application — The dried flowers powdered, incombination with ginger or some other aroma tic

, on ce or

twice a day.

I ncompatibles.—Mineral acids and most metallic salts.

ANTIMONI I OXIDUM

OXI DE OF ANTI MONY

Synonyms.— An timon ious Oxide An timony Trioxide

Teroxide of An timony.

Composition .— Sb2 0 3 .

Mode of Preparation — Take ofSolution of Chlor ide of An timony 16 flu id oun ces.

Carbonate of Soda 6 oun ces.

Common Water 2 gallons.

D istilledWater A sufficien cy.

Pour the chloride of an timony in to the common water ,and m ix thoroughly ; let the precipitate (an timony oxy

~

VETERINARY PHARMACOPCE IA 45

chloride) which forms settle, and, after removing the supernatan t liquid by a siphon , add to it one gallon of dis

tilled water, agita te well, let the precipitate subside againwithdraw the fluid and repea t the processes of afl

'

usion of

distilled water, agitation , and subsiden ce. N ow add the

carbonate of soda , previously dissolved in two pin ts of distilled Water leave them in con ta ct for ha lf an hour , stirringfrequen tly collect the deposit on a calico filter

,and wash

it with boilin g distilled wa ter un til the washings, afterbeing a cidulated by n itri c a cid

,cease to give a precipitate

with solution of sil ver ni tra te. D ry the product (oxide of

antimony) at a temperature not exceeding 2 12 °F .

The oxide of an timony thus prepared is formed in twostages

Antimony Antimony HydrochloricTrich lor ide. W ater. Oxych loride. Acid.

1. SbCl3 H 2 0 SbOCl 2 HCl

An timony Sodium Antimon ious Oxide

Oxychlor ide . Carbon ate . (Oxide of Antimony).2 . 2 Sb0 01 N a ,co, $10 2 0 ,

Sodium Carbon ic

Chlor ide . Anhydr ide.

2 N aCl 00 2

Characters and Tests.—Greyish-white powder , fusibleat a low red hea t insoluble in wa ter , but readily dissolvedby hydrochloric acid. The hydroch loric solution , droppedinto distilled water , gives a wh ite deposit (an timony oxy

ch loride), which is immedi ately changed to orange (an timon ious sulphide) by su lphuretted hydrogen . Shouldentirely dissolve when boiled with wa ter and excess of

potassium-hydrogen ta rtrate.

Actions and Uses.—D iaphoretic and febrifuge for the

dog. Chiefly used in the preparation of tartarated an timony.

Preparations—PulvisAntimon ialis An timon ium Tartaratum .


ANTIMONIUM NIGRUM

BLACK ANTI MONY

Synonyms.—An timon ious Su lphide Antimony Trisul

phide Tersulphide of An timony.

Composition.—Sb2 ss.

Mode of Preparation —N ative an timon ious su lphide isfused in a perforated crucible placed over another the

siliceous impurities are reta in ed by the upper cru cible, andthe molten sulphide which flows into the lower on e is

solidified by cooling, and redu ced to a fine powder .

CharactersandTests. Greyish—black crystallin epowder .

I t dissolves en tirely in boiling hydrochloric a cid, evolvingsulphuretted hydrogen and furn ishing a solution (an timon ious chloride) which throws down a white precipitate(antimony oxychloride) when poured into water .

ActionsandUses.—Altera tive, an thelmin tic, and emetic.I ts action isun certain and irregu lar

,and it should, therefore,

not be employed as a remedial agen t. Frequen tly givenin combina tion with su lphur and n itrate of potash as an

a lterative to horses. A lso used in the preparation of

Liquor An timon ii Chloridi.

ANTIMONIUM TARTARATUM

TARTARATED ANTIMONY

Synonyms.—Potassium -An timonyTartrate Tartrate of

Potassium andAn timony Tartar Emetic Emetic TartarTartarised An timony.

Composition. H 2 0 .



Oxide of Antimony 5 oun ces.A cid Tartrate of Potash , in fine

6powder

ounces.

D istilled Water 2 pin ts.

Mix the oxide of an timony and a cid tartrate of potashwith sufficien t distilled wa ter to form a paste, and set aside

for twen ty-four hours then add the remainder of the

water,and boil for a quarter of an hour, stirring frequen tly.

Filter , and set aside the clea r liquid which con tains thetartarated an timony, to crysta llise. Pour off the motherliquor , evapora te to one-third, and set aside, tha t more

crysta ls may form. D ry the crysta ls (tartarated antimony)on filtering paper at the temperature of the air .

Antimo Potassium Potassium

n ious Hydrogen Antimony TartrateOxide . Tartrate. Tartarated An timony). W a ter .

sap ,2 KHC4H 40 6= 2 K(SbO)C4H 40 6

Characters andTests.— Colourless, tran sparen t crystals,exhibiting triangular fa cets, soluble in water, and less so in

proof spirit. Decrepita tes, bla ckens, and emits a n odour

chara cteristic of tartrates when heated on platinum foil.I ts solu tion in water gives, with hydrochloric acid, a white

precipitate (an timony oxychlor ide) soluble in excess if

tar taric a cid be previously added, no precipitate is formed

by hydrochloric acid.

Actions and Un a—I n tern a lly —I a excessive doses,

irritan t poison in small doses it promotes the secretion of

mu cous membranes, sk in ,liver , pan creas, and k idneys,

lik ewise stimu la tes the a ctivity of the absorben t systemin larger doses it causes nausea , relaxes muscu lar fibresdepresses the nervous system ,

and, in anima ls capable ofvom ition ,

acts as an emetic. U sed in ternally as an alterative, an tiphlogistic, nausean t, sedative, and emetic. Given

48 VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA

in the early stages of inflammatory diseases, in pn eumon ia ,bron chitis, articular -rheumatism , &c. also employed as

a vermifuge. Externa lly— Vesican t, coun ter-irritan t.

Sometimes added to ordinary blistering ointmen ts to increase their activity.

Doses.—Altefrative — H 0RSE , to 1 drachm.— CATTLE,

to 1drachm.

An tip hlogistic, N au sean t, Seda li've —HORSE, l to 2

dra chms— CATTLE, 2 to 6 drachms—DOG, 1} to 2 gra ins.

Emetic —PI G, 4 to 16 gra in y— DOG, 1to 4 grains.

Verm 'éfuge —HORSE, l to 2 drachms.

l

Modes of Appl ication — I n the form of bolus, p ill, or

dissolved in water . As an emetic to dogs it may be givenrolled up in a piece of mea t.

Externa lly—Liquor Antimon ii Tartarati U nguen tum

Antimon ii Tartarati .

I ncompatibles.—Gallic and ta nnic acids alkalies and

lead salts.

Antidotes—Tann ic acid, or agen ts conta in ing it,

powdered ga ll-nuts, catechu , &c.

Preparations—Liquor An timon ii Tartarati Pu lvisAn timon ia lis U nguen tum Antimoni i Tartarati.

ANTIPYRIN

DI-METHYL-OXY -QUIN IZINE

Composition—C , 1H 12 N 2 0 .

Preparation—A syn thetica l product, belonging to the

Aniline series.

Characters andTests. —A white crysta lline powder, of

a slightly bitter taste, freely soluble in water, alcohol and1 Should be given at n ight and followed by an aloetic purgenext

morning.


AQUA MENTHE PI PERI TZE

PEPPERMI N T WATER

Mode of Preparation —Take of

Oil of Pepperm in t l -é flu id drachm .

Wa ter 15ga llon .

Distil one gallon .

Actions and Uses.— Carm in ative and stimulan t. U sed

to relieve flatu len ce, and as a vehicle for other medicines.

DOSQS.—HORSE , 8 to 10 fluid oun ces— CATTLE , 8 to 12

fluid ounces—DOG, l to 2 fluid oun ces.

ARECJE SEMINA

AREC‘A SEEDS

Synonyms.—N ux Areca Catechu Areca N ut BetelN ut .

The seeds or k ernelsof the fruit of the catechu or beteln ut palm , Ar eca. Ca techu .

Natural order . Pa lmaceae.

Composition — Their medicinal properties depend upon

tann ic and gallic acids.

Characters.— Spheroidal, about three-quarters of an

inch in diameter ; hard 3 colour , reddish brown taste,astringen t.

Actions andUses— I n ter n a lly — Astringen t employedas an an thelmin tic, especia lly for dogs.

DOSGS.~—HORSE , 4 to 6 dra chms.—CATTLE

,4 to 8

drachms— DOG, 30 gra ins to 2 drachms.

VETERINARY PHARMAcomE IA

Modes of Application .— The powdered seeds made into

a bolus, or suspended in milk or gruel.

I ncompatibles.—Same as A cidum Tann icum.

ARGENTI NITRAS

N ITRATE or SILVER

Synonyms. —Silver N itrate Lunar Caustic .

Composition.—AgN 0 3 .

Mode of Preparation — Take ofPurified Silver 3 oun ces.

N itric Acid 2 5flu id oun ces.

D istil led Water 3 fluid oun ces.

Put the silver into a flask , pour on to it the n itric acidand water , and apply a gen tle heat un til the meta l is dissolved. Decan t the clea r liquid from any black powder(gold) which may be presen t in to a porcelain dish

, evapo

rate, and set aside to crysta ll ise pour off the liquor, andaga in evapora te and crysta llise. Let the crystals (nitra teof si lver) dra in in a glass funnel, and dry them by exposureto the air

,carefully avoidin g the con tact of a ll organ ic

substan ces. To obtain the n itrate in rods, fuse the crystalsin a platin um or thin porcela in capsule, and pour the meltedsa lt into proper moulds. N itrate of silver should be preserved in ca refully stoppered bottles.

N itric Silver Nitric

Silver. Acid. N itrate. Oxide . Water.Ag3 4KN O3 3AgN 0 3 NO 2 H 2 O

Characters and Tests. —Colourless tubula r crystals, theprima l form of which is the r ight rhombic prism or in

white cylindrica l rods. Soluble in wa ter and rectified spiri t.A fragmen t heated on charcoa l with the blowpipe melts,

E 2


deflagrates, and leaves a white metallic coating of silver.

I ts aqueous solution , m ixed with excess of dilu te hydro ‘

chloric acid, yields a white precipita te (silver chloride),

which dark ens by exposure to light, and wh ich shou lden tirely dissolve in ammon ia . I f the white precipitate,with its accompanying liqu id, be thrown on a filter and

thoroughly washed with boiling distilled water , the filtrateshould leave no residue on evaporation , proving the absen ceof potassium n itrate, lead, zin c, and copper .

Actions and Uses— I n ter n a lly — I n excessive doses,

irritan t and corrosive poison in medicina l doses,ton ic and

an tispasmodic. I t is sometimes given to the dog in chorea ,epilepsy, and other nervous affections ; and has a lso beenfound of service to the dog in diarrhoea

,dysen tery, and

cholera . Exter n a lly— Stimu lan t

,astringen t, and caustic.

U sed as a collyrium in conjunctivitis and similiar superficialinflammatory compla in ts for the improvemen t of indolen tsores, m ange, ringworm ,

and other chron ic sk in diseases ;

as a caustic for the eradication of warts,fungous and other

growths. Applied a lso to poisoned wounds, and to the

bites of rabid and venomous an imals.

Doses— D OG —I n chorea,epilepsy, &c., gto5grain in

diarrhoea , dysen tery, and cholera , a}to 1gra in .

These doses should be repeated two or three times a

day.

Modes of App lication — I n tefr n a lly —I n the form of

bolus or pill . Exter na lly— I n the form of stick Liquor

Argen ti N itratis U nguen tum A rgen ti N itratis.

I ncompatibles.— Su lphuric, hydrochloric , and hydro

cyan ic acids alkalies and soluble chlorides.

Antidotes.— Solution of common sa lt in some demu lcen t

drink .

Preparations— Liquor Argenti N itratis ; U nguen tumArgen ti N itratis.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEIA 53

ARNI CzE RADIX

ARN I CA ROOT

The dried rhizome and rootlets of Arn ica mon ta na, or

Leopard’

s Bane . Collected in the moun ta ins of middlea nd southern Europe .

Natural 0rder .—Composi ta .

Composition—The most importan t, because probablythe a ctive, constituen ts a re resin con tain ing cytosin and

a rn icin and volatile oil.

Characters.— Rhizome from one to three in ches long,and

from on e-ten th to three -ten ths of an in ch thick,cylindrical,

con torted, rough from the scars of the coriaceous leaves,

and furn ished with n umerous long, slender fibres ; has a

peppery taste and pecu liar odou r .

Preparation .- ¥Tizi ctura Arn icae.

ASSAF<ETIDA

ASSAFCETI DA

A gum resin obtained by in cision from the living root

of N a 'r tkex Assafoet'ida .

Natural Order — Umbellglferoe.

Composition .—I ts a ctive constituen ts areresinousmatter

a nd a vola tile oil contain ing allyl su lphide (0 3119 2 8.

Characters— I rregu lar masses, partly composed of tears,moist or dry. The colour of

‘

a fresh ly cut or brok en pieceis opaque white, but gradua lly becomes purplish pin k , andultima tely dull yellowish or pink ish brown . Taste, bitter ,acrid5 odour (due to

‘

allyl su lphide), fetid, alliaceous, and


persistent. D issolves a lmost en tirely in rectified spirit.Powdered with difficu lty, un less triturated with carbonateof potash .

Actions and Uses—A moderate stimulan t, powerfu lan tispasmodic, expectoran t, and vermifuge. Chiefly used

in treating colic and coughs. Given also to dogs sufferingfrom chorea and other nervous afl

'

ections.

Doses.

Modes of Appli cation .

Similar to Ammon iacum .

Preparations.—Enema Assafoetidee 5SpiritusAmmon iaefaetidus.

ATROPINA

ATROPIN E

Composition.

An extremely poisonous crystallisable a lka loid, obtain edfrom belladonna root, and constituting the a ctive prin cipleof Belladonnse Folia , Belladonnae Radix

,Extra ctum Bella

donnee, and Tin ctura Belladon nas.

Preparations.—Atropine su lphate. The B. P. Liquor

atropinae sulphatis consists of one pa r t atropine su lphate andn inety-n ine of camphor water 3 it con tains four grains inone flu id oun ce.

Doses of the Liquor .— H 0Rsns and CATTLE

,from I to 3

fluid drachms DOGS, l to 3 min ims.

One-fifth of these doses suflices when used hypodermically. Equal proportions of atropine sulphate and acetateof morphine solutions give prompt an tispasmodic and -an

odyne effectswhen used conjointly.

Ointment—A tropine dissolved in three and a ha lf partsrectified spirit and fifty-five parts benzoated lard.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPo nA 55

BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM

BALSAM OF PERU

A balsam obta ined fromMyroxy‘

lon Pee-cin e,belonging

to the n atu ra l order Legumin osae. I t exudes from the

t runk of the tree after the bark has been scorched and

removed. From Salvador in Cen tra l America .

Composition .~ —A m ixture of vola tile oil called cin na

mein , 0 2 7H 2 60 4, cinnamic a cid, H CQH 70 2 , and resinous

compounds.

Characters—Reddish-brown or nea rly bla ck liquid,t ranslu cen t in thin films ; syrupy con sisten ce, balsamicodou r, and an a cr id slightly bitter taste ; soluble in five

pa r ts of rectified spirit. U ndergoes no diminution whenm ixed with water .

Actions andUses— Stimulan t and an tispasmodic. U sed

in the preparation of Tin ctura Ben zoin i composita (Fr iar’

s

Ba lsam).

BELLADONNE FOLIA

BELLADONNA LEAVES

The fresh leaves, with the bran ches to wh ich they are

a ttached, of Deadly N ightshade, Atrop ia Belladonna alsothe leaves separa ted from the bran ches, and ca refully driedand finely powdered gathered from wild or cultivatedBritish plan ts when the fruit has begun to form .

Natural 0rder .— Solan acece.

Characters. -Leaves alternate, three to Six in ches long,

ovate, acute, en tire, smooth, the uppermost in pairs, and

l A balsam is a natural m ixture of essential oil and resinous

substances.

56 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEJIA

unequal. The expressed juice, or an in fusion , dropped intothe eye, dilates the pupil .Actions and Uses— I n tern a lly — I h excessive doses, a

narcotic-acr id poison in medicinal doses, seda tive, anodyne,and an tispasmodic . I n whatever doses it is adm in istered

,

or by whatever chann el it en ters the circu lation ,it causes

dilatation of the pupil. Given in colic, a cute and chron icrheumatism , bron ch itis, influen za , and in cases of sore

throat and cough which often accompany or succeed thislast-named disease.

Extern a lly— As a dressing for pain fu l and irritable

tumours ; for tender en larged glands ; for cases of gargetand sore throat and, in the form of injection ,

for allayingi rritation of the bladder or rectum

,and coun teracting

spasmodic con tract ion s of the uterus.

Doses.

1—HORSE,1to 3 oun ces— CATTLE

,1to 3 oun ces.

- S11EEP,10 to 2 0 grains—

l

PI G,8 to 12 grains—D OG, 2 to

5 gra ins.

Modes of Appl ication—I n ter n a lly — I n the form of

bolus or pill. See also Extractum Belladonn ae Tin cturaBelladonnae Massa Belladon nae composita . Extern a lly

Emp lastrum Belladonnae U nguen tum Belladonnae. As an

injection,see Extractum Belladonnae.

Antidotes.- An emetic of sulpha te of copper , when

practicable ; purgatives to empty the a limen tary can alafter vom ition or pu rgation , admin ister Opium in sufli cient

doses to coun teract the effects of the belladonna . Movethe an ima l about ; afi

'

usions of cold wa ter over the headandchest artificia l respiration ; galvan ism ether ; brandyinhalation s of ammon ia .

Preparations—Extra ctum Belladonnae Tinctura Belladonnas.

1 Although the doses of the dried and powdered leaves are heregiven . Extractum Belladonna or Tinctura Belladonnas is to be

preferred for internal use.


See Massae (Masses).

Synonyms— Sodium D iborate Biborate of Soda .

Composition .—N a 2 B 4O Found n ative in the

waters of certa in lakes in Th ibet and Persia . Also im

ported in the crude state from the East I ndies under the

name of tincal.

Mode of Preparation —Jets of steam (f um erolles or

sufion i) charged with boracic acid,HBO 3 , which issue

from the earth in Tuscany, a re conducted in to lagon i (littlelakes), in which the acid condenses. The solu tion thusform ed, after being concen trated by heat, is n eu tra lisedwith sodium carbonate, and, on evaporation , yields crystalsof borax .

Boracic Sodium Sodium Carbon ic

Acid. Carbonate. D iborate . W ater . An hydr ide.

4H BO3 N a 2 00 3 N a 2 B4O7 2 H 2 O CO 2

I n the act Of crystallising, the sodium diborate un ites withten molecu les of water , and becomes N a 2 B 4O7.10Aq .

Characters and Uses— Transparen t colourless crystals,sometimes slightly efl‘loresced, with a weak alk aline reao

tion insoluble in rectified spir it. Solubility in water , 1in2 2 boiling water ,

‘

l in 2 . By the aid of 1of glycerin , 1

part of borax will dissolve in 12 of water. A hot saturatedsolution , when acidulated with any of the minera l a cids,


lets fa ll, as it cools, a scaly crysta lline deposit of bora cicacid, H BOs, the solution of which in spirits of wine burnswith a green flame.

Actionsand Un a— Extern a lly —Detergen t and astrin

gen t in aphthous affections of the mou th.

Modes of Application—A mixture of one part of finelypowdered borax and six partsof honey or glycerin is appliedto the part a ffected.

BUCHU FOLIA

BU CHU LEAVES

The dried leaves of Barosma betu l'lna , B . crenu la ta ,

and B . serr a tifolia .

Natural Owen—Ramon a

Characters—The leaves are smooth, du ll yellow-green ,

with a strong penetrating Odour, a bitter, aromatic taste,and varying in difl

'

erent species from half an in ch to an

inch and a half in length . They con ta in a volatile oil,

which is the most active constituen t. A camphoraceoussubstan ce, barosma camphor , is deposited in the oil in the

cold. They a lso contain mucilage.

Actions and Uses—A m ild ton ic, diuretic, diaphoretic,but the prin cipa l use of this agen t is for disorders of a

catarrha l character afl'

ecting mucous membran es and

diseases of the genito-urinary organs.

D0888.—HORSES or CATTLE , 1 to 4 oun ces ; for DOGS,10 to 30 grains in fused in a covered vessel with 2 0 partsof wa ter for ha lf an hour ; this in fusion is given withlinseed tea or barley water . I t may be advan tageouslycombined with belladonna, opium ,

hyoscyamus, or potassiumbromide.


CALCI I CHLORIDUM

CH LORIDE OF CALCI UM

Synonym.— Calcium Chloride .

Composition.—Ca012 .

Mode of Preparation — By n eutralising hydrochloricacid with marble (ca lcium carbon ate), adding a little solution of calcium hypochlorite and ca lcium hydrate to the

solution,filtering

,evaporating un til it becomes solid, and

finally drying the sa lt at about 4OO°F .

When calcium carbonate dissolves in hydrochlor ic acid,calcium chloride

,water , and carbon ic anhydride are pro

duced,thus

Calcium Hydroch loric Calcium Carbon icCarbon ate. Acid. Chlor ide . Water . Anh ydr ide .

CaCO3 2 H Cl CaCl 2 E ZO 00 2

Any iron that the marble may con tain in the state of

ca rbon a te passes in to solution as ferrous ch loride, and isconverted in to ferri c chloride and ferric hydrate by the

calcium hypochlor ite.

Calcium CalciumHypoch lor ite . Water . Ch loride .

s0a (CIO), 6H ,O

Ferr ic FerricCh loride. Hydra te.

4Fe 2 016 2 Fe , (H 0 )6

The calcium hydrate transforms the ferric chloride produced in the last reaction in to ferric hydra te.

Ferr ic Calcium Calcium Ferr icChlor ide . H ydr ate . Chlor ide . H ydrate.

Fe2 016 Fe, (H0 )6

I n this way the iron is precipitated, and byfiltration itis completely removed,

VETERINARY PHARMACOP(E IA 61

Characters andTests.—White agglutinated masses

,dry,

but very deliquescen t. I f hydrochloric acid be poured on

it,no chlorine or hypochlorous a cid shou ld be evolved,

proving the absen ce of ca lcium hypochlorite. Shou ld dissolve en tirely in water and a lcohol. Lime water added to

its aqueous solu tion shou ld give no precipitate, indicatingits freedom from iron .

Uses.— I n consequen ce of its strong afli n ity for water , it

is employed to withdraw this impu rity from ether , and

various other liqu ids, as well as from gases.

CALCIS HYDRAS

SLAKED LIME“

Synonyms.—’ Calcium Hydrate Hydrate of Lime.

Composition.

Preparation — Tak e of

Freshly burned Lime

D istilledWa ter 1

Place the lime in a metal or earthenware vessel furn ishedwith a lid pour the water upon it, and when vapou rceases to be disengaged, cover the vessel with its lid, andset i t aside to cool. When the temperature has fa llen to

that of the atmosphere, put the slak ed lime on an iron -wiresieve

,and, by gen tle agitation ,

cause the fine powder topassthrough the sieve

,and reject what is left. Pu t the powder

into a well-stoppered bottle, and keep it excluded as muchas possible from the a ir , to preven t its absorbing ca rbon ic

Although disti lled water is directed to be emp loyed in th ispreparation by the B r itish Pharmacop cm

’

a , common water may be

used in its stead .


anhydride. I n the process of slaking, lime un ites chem ically with water .

Calcium Oxide

(Lime). Water.

CaO E 2 0

Characters and Tests.—A whi te caustic and strongly

a lkalin e powder . I t is slightly soluble in wa ter (1inmore so in cold than hot . Shou ld not efi

'

ervesce on the

addition of an a cid,showing its freedom from carbona te.

Actions and”: Un a— I n tern a lly — I rritan t, corrosive,

a nd an tacid. Given chiefly to cattle, as an an tacid in indigestion , diarrhaza , and tympan itis. Sometimes employedas an an tidote to poison ing by a rseni c and irritan t acids.

Doses.—HORSE,l to 3 dract .

—CATTLE, 1 to 3

dract .— SH EEP, 2 0 grains to 1 drachm . PI G

,2 0 gra in s

to 1drachm .— DOG

,5 to 2 0 grains.

Modes of Application —I n tern a lly — I n the form of

bolus or pill, or else suspended in water , m ilk , or some

mucilaginous drink . Also admin istered as Liquor Calcisand Liquor Calcis Saccharatus.

I ncompatibles.—Minera l and vegetable acids metallicand ammon iacal sa lts tartarated an timony.

Preparations. —Lin imentum Calcis Liquor Calcis 5L iquor Ca lcis Saccha ratus Lotio Hydrargyri fiava LotioHydrargyri n igra .

CALUMBJE RADIX

CALUMBA RCCT

Synonym.— Ca lumba Root.

The root of the Ja teorhi za Ca lumba and Coccu lusp a lm

a tus, sliced transversely and dr ied.

Natural order .—Men isp ermaceoe.


Characters and Tests— The root consists of severa lfascicu la ted, fusiform ,

fleshy tubercles, which are brownextern ally and deep yellow in terna lly, odour less, and verybitter . Moistened with a solution of iodine, it becomes

blue, indica ting presen ce of starch . A decoction is not

bla ckened by the persa lts of iron ,indicating absen ce of

astringen t'

ma tter .

Composition .— The pr in cipa l constituen ts of calumba

are ca lumbin (C 2 1H 2 2 O7), and the a lk aloid berber ia

(C 2 0H 17N O4) combined with ca lumbic acid (C z2 H 2 4O7) and

starch .

Actions andUses.—Calumba root is an excellen t ton ic ,promoting the appetite, assisting the digestive process, andimproving the qua lity of the secretions from the gastroin testina l mucous membranes. I t does not appea r eitherto constipate or relax the bowels.

Doses.— (Of the powder) HORSE , 2 to 4 drachms.

CATTLE ,2 to 6 dra chms— SHEEP, l to 2 dra chms—PI G ,

to 1dra chm .—~ DOG, 10 to 2 0 grains.

Modes of Application —The root is best adm in isteredin the form of powder or in fusion .

Preparation .—I n fusum Calumbas.

Synonyms—Ca lcium Oxide Oxide of Calcium 3 Quick

lime.

Composition.— Ca0 .

Mode of Preparation— Some form of calcium carbonate,

ag.chalk, limeston e, or marble, is ca lcined so as to expel


carbon ic anhydride ; lime, mixed with a small amount ofimpurity, rema ins.

Calcium Calcium Oxide Carbon ic

Carbonate. (Lime). Anhydr ide .

CaCO3 CaO 00 2

Characters and Tests.—Compact masses of a whitish

colour , which readily absorb wa ter, andwhich , when ratherless than their weight of wa ter is added, cra ck , and fa llin to powder wi th the developmen t of mu ch heat. The

powder thus obtained, agitated with distilled water and

filtered, yields a clear solution ,having an a lka line reaction ,

and giving a white precipitate (ca lcium oxa late) withammon ium oxa la te.

Actions and Uses. —Exter na lly —As a caustic and

desiccan t, dusted over the par t affected.

Preparation —CalcisHydras.

CALX CHLORATA

CHLORI NATED LIME

Synonyms.—Calcium Hypochlorite ; Hypochlorite of

Lime Chlor ide of Lime.

Composition .—N ot well established. By some autho

r ities it is regarded as lime chloride CaOClg, by othersas calcium hypochlorite Ca (ClO)2 ; m ixed with calciumchloride and va riable quan tities of calcium hydrate.

Preparation.—Slaked lime is exposed in stone chambers

to the a ction of chlorine gas as long as the la tter is ab

sorbed. Assuming that the a ctivity of chlorinated limedepends upon its con ta ining calcium hypochlorite, its production may be thus explained


Composition — From sixty-eight to seventy-five per cen t.of resin (a ctive prin ciple), Co 2 30 4, gum ,

and a m inutequan tity of woody fibre.

Characters and Tests— Cylindr ical pieces, break ingeasily with a smooth , con choidal, glisten ing fra cture ;colour , tawny, changing to yellow when rubbed with watertaste, acrid.

I f adulterated with starch, an emulsion ,made with

boiling water and cooled, becomes green if treated withsolution of iodine.

Actions and Uses.— I n large doses, irr itan t poison ;in medicinal doses, purgative. Shou ld not be given to

horses or dogs, on accoun t of the un certain ty and violen ceof its action . To cattle and sheep it is sometimes admi

n istered in indigestion a lso, combin edwith a loes or sulphateof magnesia , in impaction of the omasum (f a/rdel bou nd)and similar disorders.

Doses— CATTLE, 4 to 8 dract .—SHEEP, 15 to 30

grains.

Mode of Appl ication—Made in to an emu lsion withwater .

Antidotes.—Demulcen t drinks, and small, but repeated,

doses of opium .

CAMPHORA

CAMPHOR

A concrete volatile oil (stearopten ), obta ined in Chinaand Japan from the wood and other parts of a species of

laurel, Camp hora oficinarum, belongin g to the natural

order Lau racece.

Composition —C I 0H 16O.

VETERINARY PHARMACOHEIA 67

Mode of Preparation —The small bran ches, leaves,wood, and root of the tree are cut in to small pieces and

boiled with wa ter in an iron vessel, to which an earthenhood is luted ; the camphor sublimes and condenses on

straws pla ced within the hood. The crude product thusobtained, after its importation into Europe, is mixedwith qu icklime to retain impurities, and sublimed in glassvessels.

Characters and Tests.—White, translucen t, tough,1 andcrysta lline has a powerfu l penetrating odour , and a pun

gen t taste, followed by a sensation of cold floats on watervolatilises slowly at ordinary temperatures ; slightly soluble in water , readily soluble in rectified spirit and in ethersublimes en tirely when hea ted.

Actions andUses—I n terna lly — I n large doses, irritan tand na rcotic poison in medicina l doses

, stimulan t, sedative,antispasmodic also, after long exhibition ,

diuretic. Occasionally given in tympan ites, and, combined with Opium

or digita lis, in chron ic cough . Externa lly z—D iscutien tand anodyne for chroni c spra ins, bruises, and tumours, alsofor infiltra tion in to the cellular tissue. Added to oil or

oin tmen t of can tharides, or sprink led in fine powder overlinseed pou ltices, it allays irritation ,

a lthough for this pur

pose extract of belladon na is usually preferred.

DOSGS.— HORSE, 1 to 2 dra chms—CATTLE,2 to 4

dra chms—SHEEP, 10 to 30 gra ins—PI G, 5 to 2 0 grains.

DOG, 3 to 10 grains.

Modes of Application—I n ter na lly — Spiritus Cam

phorse Oleum Camphoratum , or in the form of ball or pill .Extern a lly : fl lf in imentum Camphorae 5Lin imen tum Tere

binthinae 3 Lin imen tum Terebin thinae Aceticum Lin i

men tum Sapon is Tin ctura Camphorae.

Camphor is difficult to pu lverise un less a little Spir i t of winebe added to it.

68 VETERINARY PHARMAcormIA

I ncompatibles.—Camphor is not likely to be admin is

tered with anything that wou ld coun tera ct its effects.

Preparations.

Lin imentum Acon iti . Linimen tum Sapon is com

Camphorae. positum .

I odi composi Terebin thinae.

tum . Spiritus Camphorae.Opii

CANTHARIS

CANTHARI DES

Synonyms.—Can tharisVesicatoria Lytta Vesicatoria

Blistering Fly Span ish F ly.

Natural 0rder .—Coleop ter a .

Composition —Con tains an a ctive prin ciple ca lled can

thar idin ,Owl

The beetles are’ collected, chiefly in Hungary, at n ight

time,by shaking the trees on whi ch they feed, and so caus

ing them to fall in to cloths placed beneath the trees fortheir reception . After being transferred to sieves, theyare k illed by the vapour of vinegar or turpen tin e, or bybeing placed in a vacuum

,and finally dried.

Characters and Tests—From eight-ten ths to an in chin length furn ished with two wing- covers of a sh in ingmetallic green colour, under which are two membranous

transparen t wings odour , strong anddisagreeable powder ,greyish brown , con tain ing shining green particles. Shouldbe free from mites.

ActionsandUses— I n tern a lly —I n large doses, irritan t

poison ; in medicin al doses, stimulan t, diuretic . Withvegetable bitters, sometimes used as a stimulating toni c incases of debility, accompan ied or not with anasarca also

VETERINARY PHARMACOH EIA 69

in farcy, glanders, and some other affections. As can

tharides are liable to inflame the neck of the bladder and

cause strangury, they are seldom employed as a diuretic .Externa lly z—Rubefacient, vesican t, coun ter -irritan t, sti

m ulan t. Employed as a blister , and for charging mater ialsused for setons also to promote the adhesion of unhealthywounds and fistu las to stimulate weak and callous u lcersand to induce an improved condition of sk in in mallenders,r ingworm ,

and inveterate mange likewise to promote thegrowth of ha ir .

Doses—HORSE , 5 to 10 grains— CATTLE, 10 to 2 0

grains— SHEEP, 2 to 8 grains—PI G, 1 to 4 grains—DOG,i, to 1gra in .

Modes of Application — I n terna lly — I n a bolus, or as

Tin ctura Cantharidis. Extern a lly— Tok eep up discharges,

also to in crease the a ctivity of mustard poultices and similar applications, the powdered in sect is used. To promotethe growth of hair, a solution of on e par t of can tharides intwen ty pa rts of a cetic a cid, or an oin tmen t consisting ofone par t of cantharides and twen ty parts of lard, is to beapplied with friction . For the other applications of can

tharides, see the Preparations enumerated below.

Preparations.

Acetum Can tharidis. Oleum Cantharidis.

Lin imentum Can thar idis. Tin ctura Cantharidis.

Liquor Can tha ridis Tere fortior .

binthinatus. U nguentum Cantharidis.

CAPSICI FRUCTUS

CAPSI CUM FRU I T

The dr ied ripe fruit of Capsicum f astigiatum . I mported

from Zanzibar, and, in a pulverised state, in gourds from

the West I ndies. I t is distinguished in commerce as

70 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEIA

Gu inea Pepper and Pod Pepper when powdered, and

mixed with a fourth part of common sa lt, it forms the wellknown condiment Cayenne Pepper .

’

Natura l 0rder .— Solan acece.

Composition—The fruit con tains an alkaloid anda crystallisable solid oil, to both of which the name capsicum has

been applied the latter body is very acrid, and constitutesthe active prin ciple Of capsicum .

Characters and Tests—Pod membranous, from five to

eight-ten ths of an in ch long,two-ten ths Of an inch broad

straight, con ical, pointed, smooth , shin ing,but somewhat

corrugated orange-red in tensely hot taste.

ActionsandUses.— I n ter n a lly — I n large doses, irr itan tpoison in medicina l doses, stimu lan t and carminative .

Extern a lly z—Rubefacien t and vesican t.

DOSGS.—HORSE , 5 to 2 0 grains.

—CATTLE , 10 to 30

grains.-SH EEP, 5 to 10 grains—PI G, 2 to 8 grains—DOG,

1to 5 grains.

Modes of Application—I n terna lly —The powderedfruit in a bolus, or , preferably, suspended in gruel.Externa lly

—I n the form of ointmen t.

CARBO LIGNI

WOOD CHARCOAL

Composition—Carbon mixed with from one to five per

cen t. of ash .

Mode of Preparation — By exposing various kinds of

wood to a red heat without a ccess of a ir .

Characters— Black , brittle, porous masses,tasteless

,

odourless, very light retains the shape and texture of the

wood from which it was Obtained. When burned with free

VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA 71

access of air it should not leave more than two per cent. ofash.

Actions and Uses.— Deodoriser

,disinfectan t

,desiccan t.

I n tern ally z—I n dyspepsia, accompan ied by flatus, to absorbthe gases causing gastric distension in diarrhoea anddysentery, to correct the factor of the eva cua tions as an antidote to arseni c, a coni te, strychnia, and probably to mostvegetable poisons. l Extern ally

—As a desiccan t and deodoriser to unhea lthy wounds and phagedenic u lcers, especially when a ccompanied by fetid and irri tating discharges;also in cases of mange, scab, and grease.

Wood charcoal, particu lar ly when strongly heated and’

subsequen tly cooled just before being used,is a valuable

deodor iser if strewn over the floors of a stable, &c., or

sprinkled over putrefying substan ces.

DOSOS.—HORSE, to10un ce.—CATTLE, 1to 2 ounces.

SHEEP, 1 to 3 dra chms—PI G, 1to 3 drachms.

’—DOG, 2 0to 60 grains.

Modes of Application — I n tern a lly —Pulverised and

mixed with gruel or some mucilaginous dr ink . Externa lly

Dusted over the part in the sta te of powder, or as Cataplasma Carbon is.

Preparation.—Ca taplasma Carbon is.

CARDAMOMUM

CARDAMOMS

The dried capsules of the Malabar cardamom,Elettar ia

Ca rdamomum. Cu ltivated in Ma labar . The seeds are bestkept in their pericarps, from whi ch they should be sepa

Animal charcoal ( Ga rbo an ima lis) is to be pre ferred to woodcharcoal in consequence of its greater absorp tive power for the

poisons above referred to.

72 VETERINARY PHARMACOH EI A

rated when required for use, the pericarpal coats beingrejected.

Natural 0rder.—Z ing'lber a cece.

Composition.—The therapeu tic activity of cardamoms is

due to a volatile oil con tain ed in the seeds.

Characters—Seeds obtusely angular,corruga ted, red

dish brown ; interna lly white, with a warm,aromatic

agreeable taste and odour con tained in ovate-Oblong,triangular, pa le brown , cor iaceous, ribbed pericarps.

Actions and Uses.Doses. Same asAn isi Fructus.

Modes of Application.

CARUI FRUCTUS

CARAWAY FRU I T

Synonym.—Caraway Seeds.

The dried fruit of Carum Garufi . Cultivated in England(1Germany.

Natural 0rder.—Umbellifer ce.

Composition—The active prin ciple is a volatile oil.

Characters—Fruit usua lly separating in to two parts,which are abou t two-ten ths of an in ch long, curved, tapering at each end, brown , with five pa ler longitudinal ridgesagreeable a romatic Odour and spicy taste.

Actions andUses.

Doses. Same asAnisi Fructus.


74 VETERINARY PHARMAcorcEIA

Actions and Uses—Aromatic tonic and slightly astrin

gent. Sometimes given in indigestion , diarrhoea , chron ictyphous affections, and during conva lescence from debili

tating diseases.

DOSGS.—HORSE, 2 to 4 dract .—CATTLE , 3 to 6

dract .—SHEEP, 1to 2 drachms—PI G, l to 2 drachms.

D OG, i to l drachm .

Mode of Application.~—I n the form of ball.

CATAPLASMA CALCIS CHLORATlE

CHLORI NATED L IME POU LTI CE

Take of

Solu tion of Chlorinated Lime 2 fluid oun ces.

LinseedMea l 4 oun ces.

Boiling Water 8 flu id oun ces.

Mix the linseed mea l gradually with the wa ter , and addthe solution of chlorinated lime, with constan t stirring.

Use.— Deodoriser , an tiseptic, and excitan t to unhealthy

wounds and u lcers.

CATAPLASMA CARBONIS

CHARCOAL POU LTI CETake ofWood Charcoal, in powder oun ce.

L inseedMeal 3 § oun ces.

Boiling Water '

10 fluid oun ces.

Add the linseed meal to the water , and stir themtogether so that a soft poultice may be formed. Mix withthis half the charcoal, and spr ink le the remainder on the

surface of the pou ltice.

Use—Applied while warm to absorb the factor of foulu lcers.


CATAPLASMA FERMENTI

YEAST POU LTI CETake of

Beer Yeast 6 fluid ounces.

Wheaten Flour 14 oun ces.

Water heated to 100°F . 6 flu id oun ces.

Mix the yeast with the Water,and stir in the flour .

Place the mass near the fire till it rises.

Use—Stimulan t and an tiseptic to indolen t ulcers.

CATAPLASMA FURFURI S

BRAN POU LTI CE

Take of

Bran 2 to 3 parts.

Linseed mea l 1part.Boiling Water A sufli cien cy.

Mix the bran and linseed mea l together, and then add

the water, with constan t stirr ing, so as to form a soft

poultice.

Use.—Emollien t ; relaxes the vessels of the part to

which it is applied , and thereby a llays pain and inflam

mation .

CATAPLASMA LINI

LI N SEED POU LTI CETake of

Linseed Mea l 4 ounces.

Olive Oil 5flu id ounce.

BoilingWater 10 fluid oun ces.


Mix the linseedmeal graduallywith thewater , and thenadd the oil, with constan t stirring.

Use— Same asCataplasmaFurfuris. Opilim , belladonna ,or subacetate of lead may be added to this poultice whenit is desired to allay irritation .

CATAPLASMA SINAPIS

MUSTARD POU LTI OETake of

Mustard,‘ in powder 2 15 o

unces.

LinseedMea l 2 5oun ces.

Warm 2 Water 10 flu id oun ces.

Mix the linseed meal gradually with the water, and addthe mustard, with constan t stirring.

Use.— Rubefacien t to allay inflammations of serous and

mucous surfa ces ; to relieve congestion of various organs,and to alleviate neuralgic and other pa ins and spasms.

CATAPLASMA SINAPIS AMMON IATUM

AMMON I ATED MUSTARD POU LTI CE

Take of

Mustard, in powder f. h fliSolution of Ammon ia}0 eao a. su Clency

Mix so as to form a pou ltice.

3

Use—Similar to, but much more powerful than , Cata

plasma Sinapis.

1 See note to Sinap is.

2 Boilingwater should not be used, as a temperature of 2 I Z°E.

prevents the formation of the vesicating principle, a lly] sulphocyanide.

Oil of turpentine is sometimes added to th is poultice, but suchaddition should be omitted in treating aflections of the k idneys.


CATECHU PALLIDUM

PALE CATECHU

Synonym.—Terra Japoni ca

An extract of the leaves and young shoots of Uncuma

Gar/{bin belonging to the natura l order Cinckon acece. Pre

pared at Singapore and in other places in the EasternArchipelago.

Composition—Mainly consists of catechin , 0 , 3H 12 0 5,

and tanni c acid.

Mode of Preparation.—The leaves of Un cari a Gambir

are boi led in water immediately after they are pu lledfrom the tree, and the decoction con centrated and run

in to square or moulds, to form the commercial cubesof catechu .

Characters—Cubes, or masses formed of coheren t cubesthe former about an in ch in diameter , externa lly brown ,in terna lly ochrey yellow or pale brick-red, breaks easily

with a du ll earthy fra cture. Taste, bitter, very astringen t,

and mu cilaginous, succeeded by slight sweetness. En tirelysoluble in boiling water . The decoction , when cool, shouldnot be rendered blue by iodine, indicating the absen ce ofstarch .

ActionsandUses—Astringent. I n ternally z—Given in

a tony and relaxa tion , and in excessive mucous discharges,especia lly from the a limen tary cana l also in dia rrhoea .

Easter-m ug z—To sluggish soresand ulcerations, for excori ations on the udder, &c.

Doses—HORSE, 2 to 4 drachms—CATTLE, 2 to 4

drachms.—SHEEP, 5to l drachm .

—PI G, 10 to 2 0 gra ins.

Doe, 1to 10 gra ins. Three or four times a day.


Modes of Application—I n tern a lly —Massa CatechuComposita ; I n fusum Ca techu ; Tin ctura Catechu, or the

powder in sufficien t gruel or mucilage to mask its astrin

gent flavour. Catechu is lik ewise given with aromatics toremove flatulency, with opium to a llay irr itability, and

with magnesia or an a lka lin e ca rbona te to correct acidity.

Externa lly—The powder ; I n fusum Catechu and, occa

sionally, U nguen tum Catechu .

I ncompatibles. —Alkalies most metallic salts ;gelatin .

Preparations.—I n fusum Ca techu Massa Catechu com

posita . Tin ctura Ca techu.

CERA FLAVA

YELLOW WAX

Synonym.—U nbleached Beeswax .

A secretion of certain glands (wax p ockets) situated on

the abdomen of the common bee, Ap is mellflfica , and usedby the insect for constructing the cells of the honeycomb.

Composition—A mixture of myricin ,cein , and cerolein .

Mode of Preparation—The comb, after being freedfrom honey by dripping and pressure, is melted in hotwater to free it from impurities the residue constitutesyellow wax . White wax (Gem Alba) is obta ined by agitating molten yellow wax with water , and bleaching in the

open a i r.

Characters—Firm , break ing with a granular fractureyellowish, having an agreeable honeylike Odour. N ot

unctuous to the tou ch ; does n ot melt at 140°F . ; yieldsnothing to rectified spiri t, but is en tirely soluble in oil of

turpen tine. Boiling water, in which it has been agitated,

VETERINARY PHARMACOH E IA 79

when cooled, shou ld not be rendered blue by iodine, showing its freedom from starch .

Actions and Uses.—Emollien t and to in crease consisten cy of oin tments.

Preparation .—Emplastrum Picis.

CEREVI SI E FERMENTUM

BEER YEAST

The ferment obta ined in brewing beer .

Characters. —Viscid; semifluid, frothy, exhibiting underthe microscope numerous round or oval con fervoid cells,Toru la cerer isiae.

Preparation.—Cataplasma Fermenti.

CERI I OXALAS

OXALATE OF CERI UM

Composition.—Ce0 2 0

Mode of Preparation — By adding oxalic acid to a solution of a cerium salt, cerium oxalate is precipitated.

CharactersandTests—A white granular powder, Odourless and tasteless, insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble inhydrochloric acid.

Actions and Uses— I n ter na lly —I t is sometimes givenin the treatmen t of chron ic bron chitis, and chorea .


CHLORAL HYDRAS

HYDRATE OF CHLORAL

Synonyms—Chlora l Hydrate Trichloraldehyd.

Composition.—0 2H0130 .H 2 0 or

Mode of Preparation .

l— D ry chlorine gas is passed forseveral days through absolu te alcohol, which is at first keptcool to preven t explosion , but which, towards the end of

the operation , is heated to nearly its boiling-point to com

plete the decomposi tion . The resu lting liquid (impurechloral, 0 2110130 ) is exposed to the air for a day or two,

when it absorbs water and becom es converted into a solidmass of crude chloral hydrate. This is puri fied by agitatingit with four times its bulk of con cen trated sulphur ic acid,separating the anhydrous chlora l which floatson the surface,and subjecting it to fra ctional distillation . The anhydrouschloral thus purified is placed in a still with eleven percent. of water , and distilled off chalk to remove any hydrochloric acid that may be presen t. The solid disti llate

(chloral hydrate) obtain ed in this mann er is fused and castin shallow vessels in to cak es.

HydrochloricAlcohol. Chlor ine. Chloral. Aci

1. O,H ,O 401, 0 2 1510130 5HCl .

Chloral. Water . Chloral Hydrate.

2 . 0 2110130

CharactersandTests.—White, Opaque, crysta lline solid

pungen t odour, resemblin g that of a ripe melon solublein water, alcohol, and glycerin . On e hundred grains dissolved in 5oz . of di stilled water, well shaken with 1oz . of

Liquor Potassae, and a llowed to stand several hours in a

Dr. Squire’

s process.


CHLOROFORMUM

CHLOROFORM

Synonyms.—Formyl Trichloride Terchloride of For

myl.

Composition—CHCla.

Mode of Preparation — Tak e of

Chlorinated LimeRectified SpiritSlaked LimeWa terSulphu ric AcidChloride of Calcium, in small )fragmen ts


Place the water and the spirit in a capacious still, and

raise the m ixture to the temperature of 100°F . Add the

chlorin ated lime and five pounds of the slaked lime, and

m ix thoroughly. Connect the still with a condenser terminating in a narrow-neck ed receiver , and apply hea t soas to cause distillation , tak ing care to withdraw the firethe momen t that the process is well established. Wh en

the distilled product measures fifty ounces, the receiver isto be withdrawn . Pour its con ten ts into a gallon bottlehalf filled with water , mix well by shak ing, and set at restfor a few m inutes, when the m ixture will separate in to twolayers of differen t densities. Let the lower layer , whichconstitutes crude chloroform ,

be washed by agita ting it ina bottle with three ounces of the distilled water . Allowthe ch loroform to subside, withdraw the water , and repeatthe washing, with the rest of the distilled water , in suc

cessive quantities of three ounces at a time. Agitate the

washed chloroform for five m inu tes in a bottle with an equa l

10 pounds.

30 flu id oun ces.A sufli cien cy.

3 gallons.

A suffic ien cy.

2 oun ces.

VETERINARY PHARMAcorcE I A 83

volume of sulphuric a cid, a llow the mixture to settle, an dtransfer the upper layer of liqu id to a flask con ta in ing thechloride of ca lcium m ixed with ha lf an ounce of perfectlydry slaked lime, and m ix well by agitation . After the lapseof an hour connect the flask with a Liebig

’s condenser, and

disti l over the pure chloroform by means of a water -bath .

Preserve the product in a cool pla ce in well—stopperedbottles.

The lighter liqu id which floats on the crude chloroformafter its agitation with wa ter , and the washings with distilled water , should be preserved and employed in a subse

quen t operation .

The exact nature of the chem ica l changes which occu rin the production of chloroform by the foregoing process isstill undetermined, but the following equations represen tthe probable reactions which tak e place

Oxygen from the

Calcium Hyp och lor iteAlcohol. (Chlor in ated Lime) Aldehyd. Water .

1. 2 0 2 H 60 0 2 2 0 ,H ,O 2 H ,O

Chlor in e from the HydroCalcium Hypochlorite chlor ic

Aldehyd. (Chlor inated Lime). Chloral . Acid.

2 . 0 ,H ,O 3012 C ,H 01,0 31101

Calcium Ch loro CalciumChloral. Hydra te . Form ate .

3 . 30 2110130 Ca (H O)2 2 011013 Ca(CH O, )2

Characters and Tests—Limpid, colourless liquid, of an

agreeable etherea l odour and sweet taste. Soluble in alcoholand ether in all proportion s ; dissolves slightly in water ,commun icating to it a sweetish taste. Burns, though not

r eadily, with a green and smoky flame. Sp. gr .

Shou ld not be coloured by agitation with su lphuric acid,and shou ld leave no residue nor unpleasan t odour afterevaporation .

Actions and Uses—I h excessive doses, whether theliqu id be swa llowed or the vapour inhaled, narcotic poison

G ,2


in medicinal doses, stimu lan t and an tispasmodic breathedin admixture with a ir, an aestheti c.

Doses—See Spiritus Chloroform i.

Modes of Application.—As an an tispasmodic : Spiritus

Chloroformi . As an an aesthetic, a spon ge saturated with

pu re chloroform is p laced in the bottom of a nose-bag

attached to the pa tien t’s head

,and perforated so as to

insure the chloroform vapour being mixed with a sufficiencyof air .

Antidote.- Fr esh air .

Preparations— Spir itusChloroformi Tin ctura Chloroformi Composita .

CINCHONE FLAVJE CORTEX

YELLOW CI N CHONA BARK

The bark of Cin chon a Ca lisaya . Collected in Boliviaand Southern Peru .

Composition—I ts therapeu tic va lue depends upon

the presen ce of quin ine (0 2 0H 2 4N 2 0 2 ) and cin chona

(0 2 0H 2 4N 2 0 ), which, with severa l other alka loids, exist inthe bark in combination with kini c, k inovic, and tann icacids.

Modeof Preparation — The trees are gen era lly cut down ,and the bark , after remova l from the stem and bran ches,is carefully dried, so that it may reta in its bright colourthe larger and thick er portions are dried so as to formflat pieces, while the sma ller a re a llowed to curl in to quills.U n less very coarse and injured, the epidermis, with thelichens which grow on it, is carefu lly preserved on the

bark.

Characters— Flat p ieces, un coated or deprived of the

periderm, rarely in coated quills, from six to eighteen

VETERINARY PHARMACOPtE IA 85

in ches long, one to three in cheswide, and two to four-ten thsof an in ch thick, compa ct and heavy outer surfa ce brown ,marked by broad, sha llow,

irregu la r,longitudinal depres

sions inner surface tawny yellow and fibrous transversefracture shortly and finely fibrous. Powder cinnamon

brown , somewhat aroma tic persisten tly bitter.

Test—Boil one hundred grains of the finely powderedbark , for a quarter of an hour , in a fluid oun ce of distilledwater, acidulated with ten m in ims of hydrochloric a cid

,

a nd a llow it to macerate for twen ty-four hours. Transferthe whole to a small percola tor , and, after the fluid hasceased to drop , add at in terva ls abou t an oun ce and a halfof simila rly a cidula ted wa ter, or un til the fluid whichpasses through is free from colour . Add to the percola tedflu id solution of subacetate of lead un til the whole of the

colour ing ma tter has been removed, taking care that thefluid remains acid in reaction . Filter and wash with a

little distilled water . To the filtrate add about thirty-five

gra ins of caustic potash , or as much as will cause the

p recipitate which is at first formed to be nearly re-dissolved,

and afterwards six flu id dra chms of pure ether. Then

shake briskly, and, having removed the ether, repea t the

process twice wi th three flu id dra chms of ether or un til adrop of the ether employed leaves, on evapora tion , scarcelyany perceptible residue. Lastly, evaporate the m ixed

ethereal solutions in a capsule at the temperature of boilingwa ter. The residue, which consists of nea rly pure qu in ia,when dry, should weigh not less than two grains, and

should be readily soluble in dilute sulphuric acid.

Actions and Uses—I n terna lly -Ton ic and astringen t ,G iven in debility in periodic and intermittent diseases,e.g. spasm,

neuralgia, and periodica l haemorrhage in

con tinued fever, rheumatism ,and erysipelas in chron ic

atoni c affections of the a limen tary cana l, dyspepsia

86 VETERINARY PI IARMAcorcEIA

in chorea, passive haemorrhages, profuse mucous dis

charges,leucorrhcaa , and chron ic diarrhoea ; in enla rge

ments and indurations of the absorben t glands in scrofu lain convalescen ce a fter either a cute or lingering maladies,a nd during debility after surgical opera tions. Extern ally

A stringen t and an tiseptic in leucorrhoea and to fetidu lcers.

Doses—HORSE, 2 to 4 dract .—CATTLE, 2 to 4

dract .— SH EEP, l to 2 dra chms—PI G, l to 2 drachms.

D 0 0, 5to l drachm. N ice or thrice a day. Sometimes

the admin istration of cin chona to dogs is followed byn ausea or vomition in such cases the dose should be greatlydimin ished .

Modes of Application— I n ternally z—The powderedbark

, in the form of ba ll ; I n fusum Cinchonw Flaws ;Tin cturaCinchonaeFlavae. Extern a lly z—I n fusumCin chonasF lavae Tin ctura Cinchonas Flavae.

I ncompatibles.—A lkalies alkaline carbonates metallicsa lts gelatin .

Preparations— I n fusum Cin chonas Fla vae TincturaCinchonae Flavae.

CI NCHONE PALLIDE CORTEX

PALE CI N CHONA BARK

Therapeutic properties, uses, and doses, similar to thoseof Cinchonae F lavae Cortex.

CI NCHONE RUBRE CORTEX

RED CI N CHONA BARK

Therapeutic properties, uses, and doses, similar to thoseof Cinchonae Flavae Cortex.

VETERI NARY PHARMACOPG MA

CINNAMOMUM

C INNAMON

The inner ba rk of the sheetsof Cinnamomum zeylan i

cum (Ceylon c innamon ), or of one or more undeterm inedspecies of Chinese cinnamon , belonging to the na tura l orderLaura cece.

Composition.—Contains a volatile oil, wh ich is used for

flavouringpurposes, tannic acid, mucilage, colouring ma tter ,a n acid , and lignin .

Actions and Uses—A haemostatic, and stomachic andcarminative, useful in the treatmen t of diarrhoea. U sed inconjun ction wi th pu rgatives to p reven t griping.

Doses of the bark —HORSES, 2 to 1oun ce.DOGS

, 5to l drachm.

Of the oil. HORSES, 2 0 min ims to 1drachm.

Does, 1to 4mi nims.

COGAI NE

COCAINE

An a lkaloid obtained from the leaves of the Erythrox»

ylon Coca , a sma ll tree of Peru and Bolivia , belonging to thenatura l order E rythroxylacew.

Composit ion.

Characters and Tests.—Crysta llises in colourlessprismsrequiring for solution 704 parts of water . The Hydro~

chlorate C I 7H 2 1N0 4H CI is readily soluble in water and

a lcohol, and is therefore usually employed.

Actions and t hen—I n ter na lly —S timulant and ton icin treatmen t of sore throat. Externa lly

—As a locala naesthetic. Principally emp loyed in veterinary pra ctice in


diseases of the eye. Twen ty m in ims of a 4 per cen t.solu tion of the hydrochlorate are dropped in to the eye, for

lessen ing irritability and pain in cases of conjun ctivitis,ophthalmia , and ulcera tion of the corn ea , for stitching torneyelids, or for treatmen t of other inju r ies to the eye. I n

conjun ction with Atropine Sulphate, it is employed in

ophthalmoscopic examinations.

Professor Hobday has found tha t it is unwise to injectmore than two grains of hydrochlorate of cocaine subcu ta

n eously to produ ce loca l anaesthesia in small dogs, su ch as

fox terriers,or four grain s in the case of la rge dogs, collies, &c.

Tha t is,one dra chm of a 4 per cen t. solu tion for sma ll dogs,

and two drachms of a 4 per cen t. solu tion for large dogs.

Loca l anaesthesia will be man ifested in from three to fivem inutes

,and extends for abou t ha lf an inch to on e inch

around the seat of injection ,. and lasts for abou t twen ty

m inu tes.

COLCHICI CORMU S

COLCHI CUM CORM

The fresh corm of Meadow Saffron , Colehicnm a u tumn a le

,belonging to the n atu ral order Melan thacece collected

about the end of June, str ipped of its coa ts, sliced transversely, and dried at a tempera ture not exceeding 150°F .

Composition .— Con tains a poisonous crystallisable a lka

loid called cholchicin e (C l 7H I QN O S).

Characters. —Fresh corm abou t the size of a chestnu t,

fla tten ed where it has an undeveloped bud fu rn ished withan outer brown and an inner yellow coat in ternally white,solid, and fleshy, yielding, when cut

,a m ilky, acr id

,and

bitter ju ice. D ried slices abou t a ten th of an in ch thick,

moderately inden ted on one,rarely on both

, sides firm,

flat, whitish, amylaceous.


COLLODIUM

COLLOD I ON

Take of

Pyroxylin 1ounce.

E ther 36 fluid ounces.

Rectified Spirit 12 fluid oun ces.

Mix the ether and the spir it, and add the pyroxylin .

Set aside for a few days, and, shou ld there be any sediment,

decan t the clear solution . Keep in a well- corked or

stoppered bottle.

Characters.—Colourless, highly inflammable liqu id,with ethereal odour , which dries rapidly on exposure to the

air , and leaves a thin transparen t film ,in soluble in water

or rectified spirit.

Uses— As an adhesive to excoriations, ulcers, burns,wounds, &c. likewise in erysipelas.

Mode of Application .—Brushed over the pa rt. The

applications are repeated, at in terva ls Of a few m inu tes,un til the film has become sufficien tly thick to protect thea ffected part from atmospheric and other causes of irritation .

COLLODIUM FLEXILE

FLEXI BLE COLLOD I ON

Take of

Collodion 6 fluid oun ces.

Canada Balsam 12 0 gra ins.

Castor Oil 1flu id drachm .

Mix, and keep in a well-corked bottle.

VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA 9l

U ses and mode of application sim ilar to those of Collodion , to which, however, this preparation is superior on

a ccount of its elasticity.

COLLODIUM HJEMOSTATI CUM

H E MOSTATIC COLLODIONTake of

Collodion 10 fluid oun cesCa rbolic A cid 1ounce

Tann ic Acid 12ounce .

D issolve.

Action and Use— Externa lly z— Styptic

Mode of Application — Same as Collodion .

COLOCYNTHI S

COLOCYNTH

Synonym—Bitter Cu cumber .

The fruit of Ci tru llu s Colocyn t/tis depr ived of its rind,

a native of Western Asia , belonging to the n atural orderCucu rbi taceoe.

Composition — I t con tains a bitter alka loidal prin cipleColocyn thin ,

a resin Colocyn thein , and a tasteless crysta lline body Colocyn thitin .

Actions and Uses—A hydragogue purgative in chron icconstipation . I ts griping tenden cy may be overcome bycombin ing it with aroma tics

, or a sma ll proportion of

hyoscyamus or belladonna .

Doses— Of the extract for DOGS, 1to 2 gra ins in com

bination with other purgatives.

VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA

CONFECTIO ROSIE GALLI CJE

CONFECTI ON or ROSESTak e of

Fresh Red Rose Petals 1pound .

Refin ed Sugar 3 pounds.

Bea t the petals to a pu lp in a stone mortar , addsugar, and rub them well together .

Use— I n making Pilu la Hydrargyri cum Ferro.

CORIANDRI FRUCTUS

CORIAN DER FRU I T

Synonym.—Coriander Seed.

The dried fruit of Cor iandrum sativum, belonging tothe natural order Umbellifer re. Cu ltivated in Britain .

Composition—The active principle is a volatile oil

(C I OH 16H 2 O)‘

Characters—Globular , nea r ly as large as white pepper,beaked

,finely ribbed, yellowish brown has an agreeable

aromatic odour and flavour .

Actions andUses.Doses. Same asAn isi Fructus.


CREASOTUM

CREASOTE

A product of the distillation of wood tar .

Composition —A mixture of carbolic and kresylic acidswith other bodies.


Characters and Tests—White amorphous powderdissolves with efi

'

er vescence (escape of carbon ic anhydride)in dilu te hydrochloric acid, indicating tha t it is a ca rbonate,a nd leaving on ly a sma ll residue. The solution thusformed gives with ammon ium oxalate a white precipitate(calcium oxalate), showing the presen ce of calcium . The

salt (calcium chloride) formed by dissolving prepared

chalk in hydrochloric acid, if rendered neu tral by evaporation to dryn ess, and re-dissolved in water , gives on ly a veryscanty precipita te on the addition of saccharated solu tionof lime

,showing the absen ce of calcium phosphate.

Actions and Uses— I n terna lly :—An tacid in indigestion , chron ic diarrhoea , and dysen tery ; an tidote to oxalicand most other a cids. Extern a lly

— Desiccan t for absorb

ing irritating discharges ; for protecting wounds, burn sand scalds from the a ir also in erysipelas.

Doses—HORSE , gto 1oun ce.— CATTLE,

-l to 2 oun ces.

SH EEP, 2 to 4 drachms— PI G, l to 2 drachms— DOG, 5 to

15 grains.

Modes of Application—I n ter n a lly 3~ I n the form of

bolus, or suspended in gruel, mu cilage, or m ilk . Given in

diarrhoea and dysen tery ; seldom admin istered a lon e, but

usua lly in combin ation with opium , ginger , and ca techuthe Mistura Cretae Composita . Exter n a lly _

:—As a desiccan t it is used in the form of powder to scalds and burns

it may be applied mixed with water in to a stiff paste.

I ncompatibles.—All acids.

Preparations.—Hydrargyrum cum Creta ; Mistura

Cretae Composita

VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCE'

IA 95

The dried stigma and part Of style of Crocus sa t't'

vus.

I mported from Spa in ,Fran ce, and I taly.

Natural Order .— I r ida cece.

Composition — Con tains an active prin ciple ca lled saf

fran in (CN OGOH 1 a volatile oil,and a lso a colouring

matter , crocin (C 16H 130 1

Characters and Tests— H ay saffron consists of the

dried pa rts of the styles, With their attached stigmas

en tangled together . The odour of saffron is penetrating,aroma tic, and

,in large quan tities, narcotic . The taste is

bitter and somewhat aromatic . When chewed, saffron

t in ges the mou th and saliva yellow and when rubbed

on the moistenedfinger it producesan in tenselyorange stain .

Actions and Uses— Seldom employed in ternally prin

cipa lly used as a colouring and flavou ring ingredien t.

CROTON I S SEMINA

CROTON SEEDS

Synonyms.— Croton is Tigl l i Sem ina , Croton Beans.

Natura l 0rder .— Euph0rbiacece.

Composition — Con tains, in addition to oil, an acrid

purgative prin cip le, the chemica l na ture of which is stillunknown .

Characters—About the size of a coffee grain , oblong,rounded at the extrem ities, with two fa ces, the externa lmore convex than the in terna l. I f the Shelly covering of


the seeds is partially removed, they presen t a mottledappea rance but if entirely so

,they are brown ish black .


irr itan t poison in medicin a l doses, cathar tic in obstinateconstipation , and when it is necessary to effect a speedy

evacuation of the contents of the in testines.

DoseS.—HORSE, 30 to 36 grains.

l—CATTLE, 30 to 80

grains.

‘— SH EEP,5 to 15grains.

l—D OG, 3 to 10 grains.

1

Modes of Application —The seed, crushed to powder ,

made into a bolus, mixed with the an ima l’s food, or dilutedwith li nseed oil.

Preparation —Oleum Croton is.

CUMINI FRUCTUS

CUMIN FRU I T

Synonym.—Cumin Seeds.

The dried fruit of Cum in um Cyminum .

Natural order.—Umbellf§ferce.

Composition.—The properties of cumin depend upon a

volatile oil, which is of a pale yellow colour and limpid.

I t is very a crid to the taste, and of a disagreeable odour .

Characters—The fruit common ly termed cumin seed is

larger than an ise, and of a light brown or greyish-

yellowcolour . I t has some resemblan ce to, though it is largerthan

,caraway. Each meri ca rp has five primary r idges,

which are filiform ,and furn ished with very fine prickles,

The four secondary ridges are prominen t and prick ly, andunder each there is one vitta . The odour of the fruit is

One seed weighs about three grains.


CUPRI I ODI DUM CUM I ODO

IODIDE or COPPER WITH IODINE

Synonym— I mproperly, I odide of Copper .

Composition.—A mixture of cuprous iodide, CuzI 2 , and

free I odine.


I odi de of Potassium 2 oun ces.

Sulphate of Copper 4 oun ces.

Boiling D istilledWater 15pin t.

Dissolve the sulphate of copper in one pint of the distilled wa ter , and the iodide of potassium in the remaini nghalf-pin t. Mix the solutions collect the precipitate whichforms (m ixture of cuprous iodide and iodine) on a filter

,

wash it with distilledwater , and, when dried over su lphur icacid

, pu lverise it, and preserve it in a stoppered bottle.

Cupr ic Potassium I odide of Copper PotassiumSulphate. I odide. with I odine. Sulphate.

2 01180 4 4KI C ll zI z+12 2 K2 SO4

Characters and Tests— Light fawn -coloured powder ,which changes colour by exposure to air ; meta llic taste.

The presence of free iodin e is recogn isedby the preparationemitting the odour pecu liar to this elemen t, and by dis

tilled water, after having been shaken with it andfiltered,giving a blue colour (star ch iodide) with cold aqueoussolution of starch . The presen ce of combin ed copper and

iodine may be proved by dissolving the solid in n itric acid,

and testing the resulting solution for these elemen ts.

Actions and Uses—I n ternally —Ton ic and a ltera tivea lso stimu lan t to the absorben ts. H as been employed inthe treatment of diabetes insipidus, glanders, farcy, and

nasal “ gleet. Extern a lly— Stimulant and astringent.

VETERINARY PHARMACOHE IA 99

Appli ed to chron ic oedematous en largemen ts of the legs,

ill-conditioned ulcers,and in inveterate grease .

I t is doubtful, however , whether the in terna l or externa lapplications of this agen t are attended with any greaterbenefits than those derived from the use, in sim ilar cases,of sulphate of copper .

Dose.— HORSE , 1 to 3 drachms, da ily, combined with

gen tian and pimen to, or some other carminative.

Modes of Application — I n ter n a lly — I n the form of

bolus. Extern a lly—The powder , either a lone or made

in to an oin tmen t with 4 par ts of lard.

I ncompatibles.—Acids ; acidu lous salts ; a lkalies and

their carbonates lime water vegetable astringen ts.

CUPRI SUBACETAS

SU BACETATE OF COPPER

Synonyms.—Copper Subacetate Diacetate of Copper

E rugo Verdigris.

Composition—The blue variety chiefly consists Of the

compound, the green variety conta ins, in addition to this compound, variable quan tities of

severa l basic copper a cetates.

Mode of Preparation — Plates of copper are subjectedfor severa lweek sto the un ited action Of atmospheric oxygenand acetic acid. Sometimes the acid is derived from refusegrape husks undergoing the a cetous fermen tation a t othertimes

,cloths soaked in vinegar are arranged alternately

with the plates Of Oopper . When a su fficien cy of the sal thas formed, it is scraped Off from any copper that may

have remained un acted upon .

Characters and Tests—Coarsemasses or powder , eitherof a r ich blue colour (blue verdigris)

'

or of a pa le bluishH 2

VETERI NARY PI IARMACOPGEI A

colour (green verdigris). Astr ingen t and metallice. Pa rtially soluble in wa ter , comp letely dissolved by

hydrochloric a cid. Evolves an acetous odou r,which is

increased on the application of hea t or of strong sul

phuric acid, showing the compound to be an acetate. Boiledwith water and a few drops of a cetic acid and filtered

,a

solu tion is Obta in ed which furn ishes a maroon -red pre

cipitate (cupr ic ferrocyan ide) with solution of potassiumfer rocyan ide, indicating the presen ce Of copper .

Actions and Uses.

Doses.

Modes of Appl ication . Same as Cupr i Sulphas.

I ncompatibles.

Antidotes.

Preparations— Lin imen tum Cupri Subacetatis ; U n

guen tum Cupr i Subacetat is.

CUPRI SULPHAS

SU LPHATE OF COPPER

Synonyms— Cupric Su lpha te Blue Vitriol Blue

Stone.

Composition .— CuSO4 .5Aq .

Mode of Preparation —Scraps of metallic Copper a re

heated in a cu rren t of air so as to con vert them superficiallyin to cupr ic oxide, CuO, which forms in flakes and is knownin commerce a s copper scales.

’The oxide thus p ro

duced, digested with dilute su lphu ric acid,is converted

in to su lphate. l By filtration and evaporation the salt isObtained in the crystalline state .

Cupric sulphate is also prepared by boiling concentrated sul

I 02 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

phageden ic ulcers, e.g. in canker , thrush , and foot-rot , a lsoto farcy buds ; sometimes a weak solu tion is injected up

the vessels or in to the fron ta l or maxillary sinuses in

ulcerated conditions Of the Schneiderian membranes ; to

the sk in in scurvy to a rrest haemorrhages ; as a collyriumin chron icophthalmia .

Doses— Ton ic a ndAstr ingen t — HORSE , l to 5drachms.

CATTLE,1to 3 drachms— SH EEP, 2 0 to 30 grains—PI G,

5 to 10 grains—DOG, l to 3 grains.

Modes of Application — I n terna lly —As a ton ic and

astr ingen t, in the form of Massa Cupr i Sulphatis or sus

pended in gruel or linseed tea . As an emetic, dissolved inwarm water . Extern a lly

— I n the state of powder LiquorCupri Sulphatis Liquor Cupri Su lphatis Compositus

L in imentum Capri Sulphatis.

I ncompatibles.—Alk alies a lk aline carbonates ; vege

table astringen ts.

Antidotes—Albumen ; m ilk ; bean or pea meal sus

pended in water mu cilaginous dr ink s.

Preparations—Lin imen tum Cupr i Sulphatis ; LiquorCupr i Sulphatis ; Liquor Cupri Sulphatis Compositus

Massa Cupri Su lphatis.

The flowering pan icles Of Brayer a an tlzelm in tica ,

gathered before the seeds are qu ite r ipe, dr ied in the sun ,

and reduced to coarse powder . I mpor ted from Abyssinia .

Natural Order —Rosacece.

Composition — Con tains two va rietiesof tann in , a bittera crid and a tasteless resin , a fixed and a volatile oil, a


crysta lline body termed kosin ,chlorophyll, sugar

,

gum, dre.

Characters and Tests—The bran ches of flowers are of

a green ish-

yellow colour, the edges of the peta ls havinga purplish hue ; balsamic Odour , when freshly opened,

compared by Pereira to the combined Odour of tea , hops,

and senna leaves 3 slightly acrid and unpleasant taste. On

the addition of a ferric salt to an in fusion or decoction of

k ousso, a dark green colour develops.

Actions and Uses.— An thelmin tic, especia lly for teen ia .

DOSCS.— HORSE, 5to 1pound.

— DOG, 2 to 6 drachms.

Modes of Application — I n the form of I nfusum Cusso.

Preparation — I n fusum Cusso.

DECOCTUM TABACI

DECOCTI ON OF TOBACCOTak e of

Toba cco 1oun ce.

Water 1pin t.

Boil the water with the tobacco for a few seconds (forten minutes, if the time will permit), strain , and add coldwater to the stra ined liquid un til it measures two pin ts.

I lsa—An tidote to N ux Vomica also to Strychnia and

its prepara tions.

DOSGS.-HORSE, 1to 3 pin ts— CATTLE , 1to 3 pin ts.

SHEEP, 5 to 15 fluid oun ces—PI G, 5 to 15 flu id ounces.

DOG, 2 to 5 flu id oun ces.

Shou ld the spasms con tinue after the admin istration of

the tobacco, repea t the dose, at in terva ls to be determin edby the effect produced, un til complete muscu lar relaxationensues. The effects of an overdose of tobacco may be

coun teracted by the exhibition of difl'

usible stimu lan ts.

l O4 VETERI NARY PHARMACOPGHA

DIGITALINUM

D I GI TALI N

Composition — C54H 840 2 7

The difli cu ltly crystallisable sedative principle of D igi

ta lisp u rp u r ea , TOO expensive for veteri nary use .

DIGITALIS FOLIA

DI GI TALI S LEAF

The dr ied leaf of D igita lisp n rp u r ea , Purple Foxglove .

Natural order .—~Scrop ltu lar iacece.

Composition .— Con tainsa neutral activeprin ciple, termed

digitalin . See Digitalinum .

Mode of Preparation — The leaves are gathered fromthe wi ld indigenous plan t, in June, and Ju ly, when abou ttwo-thirds Of the flowers are expanded, and dried by the

hea t of a stove in a dark place.

Characters— Ovate- lanceolate,shortlypetiolate, rugose,

downy, crenate. Bright green colou r,which is paler on the

under tha n on the upper surfa ce sca rce any odour acridand n auseous taste .

Actions andUses— I n tern a lly - I n large doses, irritan tand sedative poison in medicina l doses, sedative and di

uretic. Liable to a ccumu la te in the system and irritate thein testines itsaction shou ld, therefore, be carefu lly watched.

Chiefly given as a sedative in the secondary stages of

inflammatOry affections, fun ctional diseases of the heart,

and chron ic rheumatism also recommended in pneumon ia

106 VETERINARY PI IARMACOPcE IA

ENEMA ALOES

ENEMA OF ALOES

Take of

AloesCarbona te of PotassiumWarm Mu

‘cilage of Starch or

Gru el

Mix and rub together .

ENEMA ASSAFCETI DlE

ENEMA OF ASSAFCETI DA

Take of

AssafoetidaWarm Water

ENEMA MAGNESI JE SULPHATI S

ENEMA OF SU LPHATE OF MAGNESI A

Take of

Sulphate 0! Magnesia 2 oun ces.

Linseed or Castor Oil 2 fluid ounces.

Mucilage of Starch or Gruel 1pin t.

Dissolve the sulphate Of magnesia in the mucilage Of

starch or gruel, add the Oil, and mix.


ENEMA OPI I

ENEMA OF OPI UMTake of

Tin cture of Opium 5 fluid drachms.

Warm Mucilage of Starch or

C ruel

ENEMA TABACI

ENEMA OF TOBACCOTake of

Leaf Tobacco 1dra chm .

Boili ng Water 2 0 fluid ounces (1pint).I nfuse in a covered vessel for ha lf an hour , and strain .

ENEMA TEREBI NTHI NI E

ENEMA OF TU RPENTI NE

Take of

Oil ofTurpen tine 2 fluid ounces.

Mucilage of Sta rch or Gruel 1pin t.

Synonym.— E rgot of Rye.

N atural Order — Fu ngi .

The sclerotium (compact mycelium or spawn) of

fungus, Claviceps pu rpu rea , produced within the paleeethe common rye, Seca le cereale.


Composition .—~ Complicated, and not well known . I ts

parturien t effects are probably due to a m ixture of an a lk aloid Corn utin and an acid (Sphacelin ic Acid).

Characters.— Subtriangu lar , curved with a longitudina lfurrow on the con cave side, obtuse a t the ends from one

third of an in ch to an in ch and a half in length violetbrown colour superficially, pinkish in tern a lly solid, frangible, fracture short fa in t odour

,which may be in creased

by trituration with solution of potash .

Actions andUses— I n tern a lly —I n large doses, irritan tpoison in medicin al doses

,styptic in haemorrhages of the

lungs, k idn eys, and other organs,but principally used as a

parturien t, i .e. to excite the u ter us to con tra ct and expelits con ten ts during par turition . I ts efficacy in this respectis

,however , doubtfu l on the lower an imals. Exter n a lly

Employed as a styptic, to arrest haemorrhages, e.g. of the

vagina,u terus

,&c.

Dosesas an Ecbolic . —HORSE , 2 to 4 drachms.— OATTI .E ,

2 to 4 dract .— SHEEP

,2 0 to 40 gra ins—PI G, 15 to 30

gra ins—DOG,2 to 10 grains.

Modesof Application — I n tern a lly z—Tli epowder , in a le

or porter , with a carm inative Extra ctum E rgotae Liqu idum

,

l I n fusum E rgotee, Tin ctura E rgotee. Exter n a lly

Extractum Ergotee Liqu idum I n fusum Ergotee Tin ctu raErgotee.

Preparations.—Extractum ErgotaeLiquidum I n fusum

Ergotae Tin ctura Ergotee .

Until we are in possession of more complete and accurate infnrmation respecting the therap eu tic actions of the Oil , said to be

the only poisonous p rinciple of ergot , Extractum Ergotse Liqu idum ,

which is freed from this constituent, should be preferred to its

other preparation as a parturient .


tine, Burgundy pitch, or resin , it is employed in the formof plaster , as a rubefacient, in chron ic affections of the

joints. Sometimes used as a vesican t.

EXTRACTUM ACONITI

EXTRACT OF ACON I TE

Mode of Preparation—Tak e ofThe fresh leaves and floweringtops Of Acon ite

112 pounds.

Brui se in a stone mortar, andpress out the ju ice heatit gradua lly to 130°F ., and sepa rate the green colou r ingmatter by a calico filter . Hea t the strained liquor to2 00°F . to coagu late albumen

,and filter . Evapora te the

fil tra te on a water-bath to the consisten ce of a thin syrup

then add to it the green colouring matter previously sepa

rated, and, stirring thewhole together assiduously, con tinuethe evaporation at a temperature not exceeding 140°F . ,

un til the extract is of suitable consisten ce for forming ballsor pills.

Doses—HORSE , 10 to 15 gra ins.— CATTLE , 15 to 30

grains— SHEEP, 2 to 5 gra ins—PI G, 2 to 5 gra ins—DOG ,3; to 2 gra ins.

Modes of Application — I n the form of bolus, or rubbedup with cold water.

EXTRACTUM BELLADONNE

EXTRACT OF BELLADONNA

ode of Preparation — Take of

The fresh leaves and youngbranches of Belladonna “ 2 pounds.

VETERINARY PHARMACOHE IA 111

Bruise in a. stone mortar,and press out the juice heat

it gradua lly to 130°F .

,and separate the green colouring

matter by a calico filter . Hea t the strained liquor to

2 OO°F . to coagu la te albumen , and filter . Evaporate the

filtrate on a water -bath to the consisten ce of a thin syrup


rated, and,stirring the whole together assiduously, con

tinue the evapora tion at a tempera ture not exceeding140°F ., un til the extract is of a su itable consisten ce forforming balls or pills.

DOSCS.—HORSE

,1to 2 dract .

— CATTLE,l to 2 drachms.

— SHEEP, 3 to 10 gra ins—PI G, 2 to5 grains— D OG, é to 3

grains.

Modes of Application—I n the form of bolus, or rubbedup with cold water .

EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDICE

EXTRACT OF I ND I AN H EMP

Preparation — Tak e 1lb . of the dried flowering or fru iting tops of the fema le plan ts of Can n abissa ti fva , from whichthe resin has not been removed powder coarsely, maceratefor seven days, press out the tin cture, distil off the spirit,and evaporate to the consisten cy Of a soft extract.

The Ca nn abis sa tiua grows in I ndia , where it is knownas Crunjah or Ganga it is rough to the feel, brittle, Of a

green ish colour, and with a peculia r cha racter istic narcoticodour .

Character istics.

_

—A soft extract, of a green ish colour,

and with the pecu li ar character istic narcotic odour of the

plan t.

Natural 0rder.—Cannabinacece.


Actions and Uses.—An tispasmodic, hypnotic, and seda

tive. U sed intern ally in colic and inflammation of the

bowels in chron ic cough ; in tetanus ; and in chorea of

dogs it has been observed to lessen the in volun tary movements. I t has not the effect of producing constipation or

loss of appetite when repeatedly given , and is very con ve

n ien t to adm in ister as bolus or pill.

DOSCS.—HORSE , 2 to 4 dra chms—DOG,l to 3 gra ins.

Preparation — Tin ctura Cannabis I ndicae.

EXTRACTUM DIGITALIS

EXTRACT OF D I GI TALI S

Mode of Preparation — Take of

Fresh leaves of D igita lis 112 pounds.

Bruise in a stone mortar , and press out the juice heatit gradually to 130

°F .,and separate the green colou ring

ma tter by a calico filter . Heat the strained liquor to

2 OO°F . to coagulate albumen , and filter . Evaporate thefiltrate on a water -bath to the consisten ce of a thin syrup


rated,and, stirr ing the whole together assiduously, con

tinne the evaporation at a temperature n ot exceeding140°F ., un til the extract is of a suitab le consistence forforming balls or pills.

Doses. —HORSE , 5 to 10 grains.—CATTLE

,5to 10 grains.

SH EEP, 1to 5 gra ins.— PI G, 1to 5 gra ins— DOG, i to 1

gra in .

Modes of Application .— I n the form Of bolus, or rubbed

up with cold water .

114 VETERINARY PHARMAcoc IA

Mix the fern root with two pin ts of the ether , packclosely in a percolator , and add the rema inder of the ethera t in tervals, un til it passes through colour less. Evaporateoff the ether over a wa ter -bath , or recover it by distillation ,and preserve the oily extract which remains.

DOSGS.—HORSES, to l oun ce—DOG, to l drachm.

EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI

EXTRACT OF HYOSCYAMUS


The fresh leaves and youngbran ches of Hyoscyamus

112 pounds.

Bruise in a stone mortar , and press out the juice heatit gradually to 130

°F .,and separate the green colouring

matter by a ca licofilter . Heat the strained liquor to 2 00°F .,

and filter . Evaporate the filtrate on a water—bath to

the consisten ce of a thin syrup 5 then add to it the green

colouring matter previously separated, and, stirring the

whole assiduously, con tinue the evapora tion a t a temperatu re not exceeding un til the extract is of a suitablecon sisten ce for forming balls or pills.

Doses. —H 0RSE , 1to 2 dract .— CATTLE

, 1to 2 drachms.SH EEP

,15 to 30 gra ins — PI G

,10 to 2 0 grains.

—DOG,2 to

8 grains.

Modesof Application.—I n the form of bolus

,or rubbed

up with cold water.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPGE

I A 115

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATA

SACCHARATED CARBONATE OF IRON

Composition— Ferrous carbonate (carbonate of iron),FeCO 3 , m ixed with ferr ic oxide, Fe 2 0 3 , and sugar

,the car

bonate forming at least fifty-seven per cen t. of themixture.


Su lphate of I ron

Ca rbona te of Ammon ia

Boiling Distilled Water .

Refined Sugar

D issolve the su lphate of iron and the carbona te of am

mon ia separately in half a gallon,

of the water,andmix thetwo solutionsW ith br isk stirring in a deep cylindrica l vessel,which is then to be covered as a ccurately as possible. Set

the m ixture by for twen ty—four hours, and from the pre

cipitate (carbona te of iron )which has subsided separate thesupernatan t liqu id by a siphon . Pou r on the remainder of

the water , stir well, and after subsiden ce aga in remove theclear liquid. Collect the resu lting carbonate on a calicofilter, and, having first subjected it to expression ,

rub it

with the sugar in a porcela in mortar . Finally, dry the

mixture at a temperature not exceeding 2 12 °F .

FerrousCarbon ate

Ferrous Ammon ium (Carbonate Amm on ium

Sulph ate. Carbonate . of I ron ). Sulphate.

Feso4 (NH 4)2 00 3 Eeco3 (NH 4)2 SO4

The sugar is added to preven t the absorption of a tmospheric oxygen , the loss of carbon ic anhydride, and the con

1 2

116 VETERINARY PI—IARMACOPCEIA

sequen t conversion of the ferrous carbonate in to ferricoxide. l

Characters and Tests.— Small coheren t lumps of a grey

colour , with a sweet very feeble chalybeate taste. D issolveswith effervescen ce in warm hydrochlor ic acid diluted withha lf its volum e of water, indica ting tha t it contains a

ca rbon ate, an d the solution gives bu t a very slight precipitate with barium chloride , showing its almost totalfreedom from sulphate ; wi th potassium ferrocyan ide the

solu tion gives a pale blue precipita te, which, on exposure

to a ir,changes to a dark blue, indicating the presen ce of

a ferrous salt .

Actions and Uses.

Doses.Same as Ferri Sulphas.

Modes of Application — I n bolus, pill, or suspended in

some mucilaginous drink .

I ncompatibles.—A cids ; a cidu lous salts ; vegetableastr ingen ts.

When commercial or pharmaceutical carbonate of ammonia is

dissolved in water , the ammon ium carbamate which i t contains israpidly converted into normal ammonium carbonate (NK4),CO

thus :Ammonium Ammon ium

Carbamate . ‘Va ter. Carbonate.

NH 4(NH 2 00 2 ) HZO

This ammoni um carbonate decomposes the ferrous sulphate inthe m anner indicated above, wh ile the ammoni um-hydrogen car

bonate in the commercia l salt acts upon ferrous sulphate in the

way explained by the following equationFerrous Ammon ium-bydrogen Ferrous AmmoniumSulphate. Carbonate. Carbonate. Sulphate.

FeSO, 2 NH 4HCO, PeCO, (N I

Carbon icAnhydr ide.

002


acqu ires a red colou r . I ts aqueous solu tion gives a copiousblue precipita te with potassium ferricyan ide, showing the

presen ce of iron . Mixed with mu cilage or starch, it ao

quires a blue colour on the addition of a m inu te quan tityof solu tion of chlorin e or n itric acid, indica ting that thecompound is an iodide .

Actionsand Uses.—Tonic

,haematin ic

,alterative

,astrin

gen t. Given in diabetes insip idus and nasa l gleet.

DoseS.—HORSE, i to 2 dra chms— CATTLE

,1 to 2

dract .— SH EEP

,15 to 30 grains—PI G, 10 to 2 0 grains.

—D OG,l to 8 grains.

Modes of Appl ication.—I n bolus, pill, or solution in

water .

I ncompatibles.— Acids; acidulous salts; a lkalies; alka

line carbonates5lime water ; vegetable astringen ts.

FERRI PEROXIDUM HUMI DUM

MOIST PEROXIDE OF IRON

Synonyms.— Moist Ferric Hydra te ; Ferri Perbxidum

Hydratum . 5Moist Hydrated Peroxide of I ron .

Composition .-Fer ric hydrate, Fe 2 (HO)6, with about

eighty-six per cen t . of uncombined water .


Solu tion of Persulphate of I ron 4 fluid oun ces.

Solution of Soda 3 3 fluid oun ces.

D istilled Wa ter A su fficien cy.

Mix the solu tion of persulphate of iron with a pin t ofthe distilled wa ter , and add this gradua lly to the solution of

soda , stirring constan tly and brisk ly. Let the m ixturestand for two hours, stirr ing it occasiona lly, then put it

on a calico filter, and, when the liquid has drained away,


wash the precipitate (moist peroxide of iron ) with distilledwater until the filtrate ceases to give a precipitate withbarium chloride, which shows tha t the precipitate is freedfrom su lphate. Lastly, en close the precipitate, withou tdrying it , in a stoppered bottle frOm which evaporationcannot take place. This preparation ,

when used, shou ld herecen tly made.

Ferric HydrateFerr ic Sodium (Moist Peroxide Sodium

Sulphate. Hydrate of I ron). Sulphate .

GN aHO Fe, (HO)6 3Na ,so4

Characters and Tests.—Soft pasty mass, of a reddish

brown colour . Dissolves readily in diluted hydrochloricacid without the a id of heat, and the solution gives a

copious blue precipitate [ferric ferrocyan ide, Prussian blue,Fe4 (FeCy6)3] with potassium ferrocyani de, but none with

potassium ferricyan ide. A little of it dried at 2 I Z°E . un tili t ceases to lose weight gives off water of hydration whenheated to du ll redness in a test-tube.

Actions and Uses—An tidote to poison ing by arsen ic, inwhich case it forms an insoluble and iner t ferrous sub

arsen iate.

Doses.—The admin istration should be frequen tly re

peated un til at least twelve times the supposed quan tity of

the arsen ic has been given ,or un til it appears to have been

effective in a llaying the action of the poison.

Mode of Application —Mixed with water or some de

mulcen t drin k .

FERRI SULPHAS

SU LPHATE OF IRON

Synonyms.—Ferrous Sulphate 5Protosulphate of I ron 3

Green Vitriol Copperas.

Composition—E 380 4.7Aq .

12 0 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEI A

Mode of Preparation —Tak e of

I ron Wire 4 oun ces.

Sulphuric Acid 4 fluid oun ces.

D istilledWater 15pin t.

Pour the water on the iron placed in a porcelain dish,add the sulphur ic acid

,and, when the disengagemen t of

hydrogen has nearly ceased, boil for ten m in utes. Filterthrough paper , and after the lapse of twen ty- four hoursseparate the crystals (sulphate of iron) which have de

posited from the solution . D ry these on filter paper

placed on porous br icks, and preserve them in a stopperedbottle.

FerrousSulphate

Sulphur ic (SulphateI ron . Acid. of I ron ). Hydrogen “

.

Fe, 2 FeSO4 2 B ,

I n the act of crystallising, seven molecu les of water a retaken up by the sa lt, form ing the compound

CharactersandTests.—Oblique,rhombic

, prismatic crystals pale, green ish -blue colour and astr ingen t taste 5solublein water , insoluble in rectified spirit. I ts aqueous solutiongives a white precipitate (bar ium su lpha te) with bar iumchloride, a dark blue one (ferrous ferricyan ide, 2 Tu rnbu ll

’

s

Blu e, FeaFes l z) with potassium ferricyan ide, and a

nea rlywhite or light blue precipitate (ferrous ferrocyan ide,3

FezFeCyG) with potassium ferrocyan ide. I t should give

This salt ismost extensively obtained by the oxidation of iron

pyrites ( iron disulphide) , FeSz.I ron Oxygen ( from Ferrous Sulphur ic

Disulph ide. the air) . Water . Sulphate. Acid.

FeS2 70 2 2 H 2 0 2 FeSO4 2 112 80 ,

2 Ferricyanogen is a compound radical, having the formulaand sometimes written F es n .

3 Ferrocyanogen is a compound radical , having the formulaPe(CN ) and sometimeswritten FeCyG.

12 2 VETERINARY PHARMACOPcEIA

FILIX MAS

MALE FERN

Synonym8.—Male Shield Fern Fern Root.The dried rhizome, with the bases of the foot-stalks and

portions of the root-fibres, of Asp idium or N ep hrod/ium

Fdim-mas,belonging to the na tural order Filices, collected

in summer . I ndigen ous.

Composition —A ccording to Book the root con tains00 4

per cen t. of a volatile oil, towh ich are attribu ted its anthelm intic properties. I t also con tains 4 per cen t. of resin , agreen fatty oil, tann ic acid, and filicic a cid.

Mode of Preparation .—The rhizome should be dug up

in summer , cleared of root—fibres, &c., but not washed, anddried quick ly and thoroughly in the open air, in the shade,

or in a hot-air press at a temperature n ot above 140°F .

the tufts and those parts of the root-stock which are

greenish interna lly are a lone to be kep t they should bereduced to powder immediately, and preserved in wellstoppered bottles the stock should be renewed annually,as in two years the plan t loses its medicina l quali ties.

Characters— Tufted, scaly, green ish brown powdergreen ish yellow, with a disagreeable odour, and a nauseous,bitter, somewhat astringent taste.

Action and Use.—An thelm intic for taen ia .

Doses.—H 0RSE , 8 to 16 oun ces.

— CATTLE, 8 to 16

ounces.— SBEE I>, 3 to 4 oun ces—DOG, 1to 3 oun ces.

Mode of Application .—The powder made in to a bolus

or mixed with gruel Extra ctum Filieis Liquidum .

l

Preparation . Extractum Filicis L iquidum .

This p reparation is to be preferred to the powder, as the latteris uncertain in its action , no matter howwell it may be kept.

VETERINARY PHARMAcorcE IA 12 3

GALBANUM

GALBAN UM

A gum-resin

,der ived from Feru la ga lbamflu a and pro

bably other a llied umbelliferous plan ts. I mpor ted fromI ndia and the Levan t .

Composition .—I ts medicina l proper ties depend upon

the presen ce of a resinous body and a volatile oil.

Characters.— I rregular tears

,about the size of a pea ,

usually agglutinated in to masses ; green ish -

yellow colour ,translucen t, having a strong disagreeable odour

,and an

a cr id bitter taste.

Actions and Uses. Sim ilar toAmmon iacum andAssa

Doses. foetida .

Synonyms.— Oak -galls N ut-galls.

Excrescen ces form ed on the young branches of the oak ,

Qu er cu s inf ector fia,belonging to. the natural order Cup ca

lqlfer ce , as a consequen ce of.

the irrita tion produced by the

pun cture and deposited Ova of the female of a hymeno

pterous insect, Cyn ip s Ga llce tin ctor iae.

Composition — Their therapeutic proper ties are chieflydue to their con ta in ing about 40 to 75 per cen t. Of tann ica cid

, C l 3H 90 700 2 H ,and 3 per cen t. of gallic acid

CGH 2 (HO)3CO 2 H .

Characters—Hard,heavy, globular bodies, varying in

size from half an in ch to three-fourths of an in ch in


diameter ; tuberculated on the surface,the tuber cles and

interven ing spaces smooth blu ish -green colou r superfi

cially, yellowish white within ,with a sma ll cen tra l cavity

in tensely astringen t.

ActionsandU ses.— I n ter n a llyandExtern a lly

— Astrin

gen t a nd styptic . Employed in same cases as A cidumTann icum .

Doses.— HORSE

,1 to 3 dra chms.

-CATTLE ,2 to 4

drachms.— SH EEP

,2 0 to 40 gra ins

— PI G, 10 to 2 0 grains.

D OG, 2 to 10 grain s.


bolus or Tin ctu ra Ga llae. Exter n a lly— Tin ctura Gallae

U nguentum Ga llae U nguentum Ga llaa cum Opio.

I ncompatibles.— Minera l a cids soluble saltsof iron and

lead sulphate of copper n itr ate of silver tar tar emeticlime-water a lk aline carbon ates and bicarbon a tes, and

many vegetable agen ts con tain ing alk aloids.

Preparations— Acidum Gallicum A cidum Tann icumU nguen tum Gallee U nguen tum Gallae cum Opio.

GENTIANJE RADIX

GENTI AN ROOT

The dried root of Gen tian a lu tea . Collected in the

moun ta in districts of cen tral and southern Eu rope.

Natural Order.— Gen tian aceoe.

Composition .- Gen tian root con sists for the m ost part

of a volatile, odorous, and butyraceous oily matter,a bitter

crystalline body consisting of an a cid (gen tisic acid), anda bitter crystalline pr in ciple (gen tiopicrin ), with gum ,

sugar ,pectin , wax, caoutchouc, a yellow colouring matter , and

woody fibre.

12 6 VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA

in water and in a lcohol . Strongly heated, it decom

poses and evolves in tensely irritating vapours (acrolein ,

0 3H 4O).

Actions and Uses. —Chiefly employed extern ally as an

emollien t in sk in affections a ccompan ied by dryness and

irr itation to excoriations,crackedheels

,burns

,sca lds

,and

freshly blistered su rfaces. When used to a llay irritabilityit may be advan tageously mixed with an equa l bu lk of

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. Also employed as a vehiclefor many medicines, and, in consequen ce of its non—drying

properties, it is often added to masses to preven t theirharden ing .

GLYCERI NUM ACIDI CARBOLICI

GLYCER I N OF CARBOLIC ACI D

Tak e of

Carbolic Acid 1pa rt.Glycerin 4 parts.

Rub together in a mor tar un til the acid is dissolved.

Use—Astringen t and‘

stimu lan t to indolen t wounds andulcers, also to abrasions, sore ba cks, cra cked heels, &c.

GOSSYPIUM

COTTON WOOL

The ca rded hairs of the seeds of various species of

Gossyp ium .

Natural order .—Ma lvacew.

Composition.—N early pure cellulose or woody fibre,

CGH 100 5.

VETERINARY PEARMACOH EIA 12 7

Uses. -To blistered surfa ces, as in burns, scalds, erysipelas, &c. and to wounds for the purpose of protectingthem from the irritating effects of the atmosphere.

Preparations.—Collodium Collodium Flexile.

HYDRARGYRI I ODI DUM RUBRUM

E'

ED IODIDE OF MERCU RY

Synonyms.~—Mercuric I odide Bin iodide of Mercury.

Composition.—Hg12 .

Mode of Preparation—Take ofPerch loride of Mercury 4 oun ces.I odide of Potassium 5 oun ces.

Boiling D istilled Water 2 quarts.

D issolve the perchloride of mercury in three pints, andthe iodide of potassium in the rema inder, of the water , andm ix the solu tions. When the temperature has fa llen to thatof the atmosphere, decan t the supernatan t liquor from the

precipitate (red iodide of mer cury), and,havi ng collected

the latter on a filter, wash it twice with cold distilled water ,and dry it at a temperature not exceeding 2 12 °F .

MercuricI odide (Red

Mercuric Potassium I odide of PotassiumChloride. I odide. Mercury). Chloride.

HgCI 2 2 R I HgI 2 2 KCl

Characters and Tests.—~ Crystalline powder of a ver

milion colour , becoming yellow when gently heated over a

lamp on a sheet of paper a lmost insoluble in water, dissolves sparingly in a lcohol, but freely in ether or in an

aq ueous solu tion of iodide of potassium. Shou ld be com

pletely soluble in ether and en tirely volatilised at a hightemperature. Hea ted in a dry test-tube with dry sodium


carbonate, a sublimate, consisting of bluish -white liqu idmeta llic globu les, is obta ined, indicating the presen ce of

mercury the residue rema in ing in the bottom of the testtube dissolved in water, a cidifiedwith n itric acid, and m ixed

with solution of starch, produces a blue colour (starchiodide), proving the compound to be an iodide.

Actions and Uses—Exter n a lly —I n the form of U m

guentum Hydrargyri I odidi Rubri,as a stimu lan t detergen t

and caustic to unhealthy sores and farcy u lcers also as a

coun ter -ir ritan t to sore throats,splin ts, curbs, spavins, eu

larged bu rsae, thicken ing of the in tegum en t, and similara ffections.

Preparation—U nguen tum Hydra rgyri I odidi Rubri .

HYDRARGYRI OXI DUM RUBRUM

RED OXIDE OF MERCURY

Synonyms.—~Mercuric Oxide Red Precipitate.

Composition .— H g0 .

Mode of Preparation —Tak e ofMer cury, by weight 8 oun ces.

N itric A cid 45fluid oun ces.

Water 2 fluid oun ces.

D issolve half the mercury in the n itric a cid dilu ted; withthe water , evaporate the solu tion to dryness, and, with thedry salt (mercuri c n itrate) thus obtained, triturate the

remainder of the mercury un til the two are uni formlyblended together . Heat the m ixture in a porcelain dish

,

with repeated stirring , un til acid vapours (n itric peroxide)cease to be evolved, and

, when cold, en close the product

(red oxide of mercury) in a bottle. The chemical changes

130 VETERINARY PEARMACOPcEIA

oxide. I t is used in articu lar inflammation , exostoses, indurations of the udder, and other glandu lar and indolentswellings, and as an an tiparasitic.

HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORI DUM

PERCHLORI DE OF MERCURY

Synonyms.—Mercur ic Chloride Bichloride ofMercuryCorrosive Sublimate Mercury Ball.

Composition—E g012 .


Su lpha te of Mercury, dr ied 2 0 oun ces.

Chlor ide of Sodium , dr ied 16 oun ces.

Bla ck Oxide oi -Mangan ese l 1oun ce.

Reduce the su lphate of mercury and the chlor ide of

sodium separately tofine powder , and having mixed themand the oxide of manganese thoroughly by trituration in a

mortar, pu t the mixture in to a subliming apparatus, andapply sufficient heat to cause the vapours of perchlorideof mercury to rise in to the less hea ted part of the apparatus.

MercuricChloride

Mercur i0 Sodium (Perchloride SodiumSulphate. Chlor ide. of Mercury). Su lphate.

HgSO, 2 N aCl HgCl 2 N a 2 S0 4

Characters and Tests.—Heavy colourless masses of

p rismati c crysta ls, possessing a highly acrid metallic tastemore soluble in alcohol , and stil l more so in ether

,than in

water . Heated, it liquefies, and completely sublimes with

I f the mercuric sulphate (sulphate of mercury) employed befree from m ercurous sulphate,§the addition of the oxide of man

ganese may be dispensed with , as in that case the production of

calomel need not be apprehended.

VETERINARY PHARMACOP<EIA 131

out decomposing. I ts aqueous solution gives a yellowprecipitate (yellow mercur ic oxide) with

‘caustic potash, awhite precipitate (mercur ic-ammon ium chloride, NH zHgCl)with ammon ia , and a.curdywhite precipitate (silver chloride)with silver n itrate the first two reactions are indicative ofthe sa lt being a mercu ri c compound, and the third reactionshows that it is a chloride.

Actions andUses— I n tern a lly — I n large doses, irritantand corrosive poison seldom admin istered medicinally,although , in doses of from five to ten grains

,it has been

recommended in glanders and farcy. Extern a lly—A

most powerful an tiseptic and disin fectan t. l Caustic toindolen t u lcers, fistulee, and bony tumours as a stimu lan tin scab, mange, and similar a ffections a lso as an an tiparasitic for the destruction of pedicu li , acari , &c. With suitable precautions watery solution s are used for disinfectingin fected premises, and carcases of an imals which have diedof con tagious diseases.

Modes of Application —As a caustic, the powder ;Liquor Hydrargyri Perchlor idi ; U nguen tum Hydrargyri

Perchloridi . As a stimulan t and an tiparasitic, SpiritusHydrargyri PerchIOridi Compositus.

Antidotes.—Albumen ; Wheaten flour ; bean or pea

meal gruel or other demu lcent drink s, followed by_

vege

table astringen ts.

Preparations.—Liquor Hydrargyri Perchloridi Spiritus

H ydrargyri Perchloridi Compositus U nguentum Hydratgyri Perchloridi .

l Koch , in 1880, demonstrated that mercuric ch loride in a solution of 1to would soon destroy the spores of an thrax The

addition of a small quan tity of hydroch loric or tar taric acid is an

improvement, as it prevents the coagulation of albumen .


HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORI DUM

SU BCHLOR I DE OF MERCURY

Synonyms.—Mercurous Chlor ide ; Protochloride of

Mercury ; Calomel .

Composition.—HgCl, or probably Hg2 012 .

Mode of Preparation - Tak e of

Sulphate of Mercu ry 10 oun ces.

Mercury 7oun ces.

Chloride of Sodium,dried 5ounces

Boiling D istilled Water A sufficien cy.

Moisten the su lphate of mercury with some of the water ,and rub it and the mercury together un til globu les are no

longer visible add the chloride of sodium ,and thoroughly

mix the Whole by con tin ued t rituration . Sublime by a

su itable apparatus in to a chamber of such a siz e tha t theca lomel, instead of adhering to its sides as a crystallinecrust, shall fa ll as a fine powder on its floor . Wash thi s

powder with boiling distilled water until the washingscease to be dark ened by a drop of ammon ium su lphide,showing that any corrosive sublimate that may have beenformed in the above process has been removed from the

calom el.Mercurous

Mercur ic Sodium Chloride SodiumSulphate. Mercury. Chloride. (Calomel). Sulph ate.

2 HgSO4'

+ n 4N aCl 4E gCl 2 N a 2 80 4

Characters and Tests.—D ull white, heavy, and nearlytasteless powder , rendered yellowish by trituration in a

mortar ; insoluble in water , spirit, and ether . Digestedwith solution of potash , it becomes black (mercurousoxide), indicating that it is a mercurous compound and

134 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCE IA

HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS

SU LPHATE OF MERCURY

Synonyms—Mercuric Su lphate Persulphate of Mer

cury.

Composition .—H gSO4.

Mode of Preparation —Tak e ofMercury, by weight 2 0 oun ces.

Strong Sulphuric Acid 12 fluid ounces.

Heat the mercury with the su lphuric acid in a porcelainVessel , stirring con stan tly un til the metal disappears thencontinue the hea t un til a dry white salt (sulphate of mer

cury) remain s.

Mercur ic

SulphateSulphur ic (Sulphate of Sulphurous

Mercury. Acid. Mercury). An hydride. Water.

2 Hg 4H ,SO, 2 Hgso4 2 so2 4H ,O

Or (in two stages)Sulphur ic

Mercury. Acid.

1. 2 Hg

Mercury Sulphur icOxide. Acid.

Characters—Whi te crystallin e heavy powder , renderedyellow (mercuric oxysu lphate, H gSO , . 2 Hg0 ) by afi

'

usion

of water. En tirely volatili sed by hea t.

Uses. -I n the preparation of Hydrargyri Perchloridum

and Hydrargyri Subchlor idum .

Mercuric SulphurousOxide . An hydride. Water .

2 E g0 aso2 2 H ,o

Mercuric

Su lphate . Water.

HgSO, E 2 0

VETERINARY PHARMACOH E IA 135

HYDRARGYRUM

MERCURY

Synonym.-Quicksilver .

Composition—An elemen t, symbol Hg.

Mode of Preparation—Al though it is met with in then ative metallic state in the qu icksilver mines of SouthAmerica , it is chiefly imported in to this coun try from Spa in ,

I llyria , Ba varia , and several other partsof the world, whereit is extra cted from a n ative su lphide termed Cinn abar

(mer cu ric su lphide). I n order that the Cinnabar may be

made to yield the mercury it con tains, it is either roastedor heated with lime or iron in a suitable distillatory appa

ratus. The following equation represen ts the changeswhich tak e place in the simpler of these processes

Mercur ic FerrousSulph ide. I ron . Mercury. Sulph ide .

2 H gS F ez H g2 2 FeS

The mercury distils over , and the ferrous sulphiderema ins in the retort.

Characters and Tests—A meta l , liqu id at ordinary tem

perature, brillian tly lustrous, and easily divisible in tospherica l globules. Volatilises at a heat below that of

visible redness, and shou ld leave no residue.

Preparations.

H ydrargyri I odidum E u

brum .

Oxidum Rubrum .

Hydra rgyrum cum Greta.

Lotio Hydrargyri Flava .

Hydrargyri N igra .

Perchloridum . Liquor Hydrargyri N itrat isSubchloridum . Acidus.

Sulphas. Liquor Hydrargyri PerchloHydrargyrumAmmon iatum. r idi .

136 VETERINARY PHARMAcormIA

Pilu la Hydrargyri Subchlo U nguen tum Hydrargyri

r idi et Ferri. N itratis.

U nguen tum Hydrargyr i. U nguen tum Hydra rgyri

Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri.Ammoniati . U n guen tum Hydrargyri

U nguen tum Hydrargyri I odidi Rubri.Compositum.

HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM

AMMON I ATED MERCURY

Synonyms—Hydrargyri Ammon io-chloridum Hydrat

gyri Precipitatum A lbum Mercu ric-ammon ium ChlorideChloride of Mercuric-ammon ium ; Amidochloride of Mer

cury White Precipitate.

Composition.—Various Views have been adopted respect

ing the constitution of this body ; it may, however, beregarded as the ammon ium chlor ide, in which two atomsof hydrogen are replaced by a biva len t atom of mercuryits formu la then becomes NH 2 HgCl.


Per chloride of Mercury 3 oun ces.

Solution of Ammon ia 4 flu id oun ces.

Distilled Water 3 pints.

D issolve the perchlor ide of mercury in the water, withthe a id of a moderate hea t. Mix the solution with the

ammon ia , constantly stirring. Collect the precipitate (ammon iated mercury) on a filter , and wash it well with colddistilled water until the liqu id which passes through ceasesto give

—

a , precipitate when dropped in to a solution of silvern itrate acidulated by n itric acid. Lastly, dry the productat a temperature not exceeding 2 12

°

F.

138 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGG

IA

Rub the mercury and chalk together in a porcela inmortar un til m etallic globu les cease to be visible to the

naked eye, and the m ixture acquires a un iform grey colour .

Characters and Tests—Powder of a light grey colour ,free from gr ittiness, insoluble in wa ter

, partly dissolvedwith efl

’

ervescen ce by dilute hydrochlor ic acid, leaving themer cury in a fin ely divided state. The solution formed

with hydrochloric acid is not precipita ted by the additionof stannous chlor ide, showing that the prepa ration con tainsno mercuric oxide.

Actions and Uses.—Chiefly given to the dog as a n

a lterative.

Dose.— D 0G, from 3 to 10 gra ins.

Mode of Application— I n the form of pill or powder .

I ncompatibles.—Acids and acidu lous salts.

HYOSCYAMI FOLIA

HYOSCYAMU S LEAVES

Synonym.—Henbane Leaves.

Natural 0rder .~—Solanacew.

The fresh leaves, with the bran ches to which they are

attached, of Hyoscyamu s n igefr also the leaves separated

from the bran ches and carefu lly dr ied, ga thered from wildor cultivated British bienn ial plan ts, when about two thirdsof the flowers are expanded.

Characters— Leavessinuated,clammy, and ha iry. The

fresh herb has a strong unpleasan t odou r , and a slightlya crid taste, which n early disappear on drying . The freshju ice dropped into the eye dilates the pupil.

Preparations.—Extractum H yoscyami Tinctura Hyoscyami.


INFUSUM CALUMBJE

I NFU SI ON OF CALUMBATake of

Ca lumba , in coarse powderCold wa ter

Macerate on e hour, and stra in .

Doses—HORSE , 6 to 8 flu id oun ces— CATTLE, 8 to 10flu id oun ces— SH EEP, 2 to 4 flu id oun ces —PI G, l to 2

fluid oun ces— D OG, to 1fluid oun ce.

INFUSUM CATECHU

I NFU SI ON OF CATECHUTake of

Pale Ca techu , in coarse powder 6 drachms.

Cinnamon Bark , bru ised 1dra chm .

Boiling D istilled—Water 1pin t.

I n fuse in a covered vessel for half an hou r , and stra in .

Doses— HORSE, 4 to 6 fluid oun ces—CATTLE , 4 to 6fluid oun ces— SH EEP, 1 to 2 flu id oun ces—PI G, 1 2

fluid oun ces— DOG, i to 1fluid oun ce.

INFUSUM CI NCHONE FLAVE

I N FU SI ON OF YELLOW CIN CH ONA

Take of

Yellow Cin chona Bark , in coarse°l oun ce.

powderBoiling DistilledWater 1pin t.

I nfuse in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain .


DOSGS.—HORSE, 4 to 6 fluid ounces—CATTLE, 4 to 6fluid oun ces— SH EEP, l to 2 fluid oun ces—PI G, 1 to 2fluid ounces—DOG, 3, to 1fluid ounce.

INFUSUM CUSSO

INFUSION OF KOU SSOTake ofKou'

sso, in coarse powder ounceBoiling D istilledWa ter 8 fluid oun ces.

'I nfuse in a covered vessel for fifteen m inutes. Not tobe

strained.

Doses.—HORSE , 2 0 to 30 flu id oun ces—CATTLE , 2 0 to 40fluid ounces—SH EEP, 6 to 10 flu id ounces—PI G, 3 to 5fluidounces—DOG, 1to 3 flu id oun ces.

INFUSUM ERGOTZE

INFUSION OF ERGOT

Take ofE rgot, in coarse powder oun ce.

Boiling D istilledWa ter 1pint.

I nfuse in a covered vessel for half an hour , and strain .

Doses—HORSE, 6 to 8 fluid oun ces—CATTLE, 8 to 10fluid oun ces—SH EEP, 4 to 6 flu id oun ces—PI G, 2 to 4

fluid ounces—DOG, ato 1fluid oun ce.

I NFUSUM GENTIANJE COMPOSITUM

COMPOUND INFUSION OF GENTIAN

Take ofGentian’

Root, sliced 4 drachms.

Pimento Berries, bruised 2 drachms.Boiling D istilledWater 1pint,

I nfuse in a covered vessel for four hours, andStrain,


it is scarcely soluble in cold water, but dissolves in etherand chloroform it is very vola tile, and shou ld be kept inwell-stoppered bottles.

Actions and Uses—Antiseptic and deodoriser , it is devoid of local irritan t effect

,but is a local anaesthetic. A

few gra ins dusted over u lcers or malignant growths deodorise and promote their hea ling. A lso used as a dressingfor ordinary wounds.

IODOL

TETRA - I ODOPYROL

Composition.

Mode of Preparation — By the a ction of iodine upon

pyrol, a constituen t of minera l oil.

Characters and Tests—A grayish white pbwder , freefrom the disagreeable odour of iodoform .

Actions andUses.— I odol may be dusted over wounds inthe form of a powder, or it may be used as an oin tment.

Composition—An elemen tarybody, having the symbol I .

Mode of Preparation.—Sea -weed is collected

,dried, and

burned ; the semi-vitreous ash (kelp) which rema ins islixiviated with water, and the a queous solution of alkalinesulphates, carbonates, chlorides, and iodides thus formedis evaporated. Sodium sulphate and carbonate, and potassium and sodium chloride, crystallise out and leave a

m'

other liquor ’r ich in iodides, chiefly sodium iodide.

This ‘mother liquor ’is m ixed with sulphuric acid and

manganese peroxide and subjected to distillation .


Sodium Sulphuric Manganese SodiumI odide. Acid Peroxide. I odine. Sulphate.

2 NaI 2 H 2 SO4 M110 2 12 N a 2 so4

Mangan ese

Sul ph ate. Water.

MASO4 2 112 0

The iodine distils over and is collecteglass receivers the other products rema in

I odine thus obtained is puriit should be preserved in

Characters and Tests— Lam inar crystals, of a peculiarodour, bluish-bla ck colour , and metallic lustre, which, whenheated, yield a beau tiful violet- coloured vapourl very sparingly soluble in water, but freely dissolved by alcohol,ether , and a solution of potassium iodide. I ts aqueoussolution str ikes a deep blue colour (starch iodide) withcold solution of starch . I t should sublime without leavingany residue, and the portion which first comes overshould not in clude any pungen t, slender, colourless prisms(cyanogen iodide). I f shaken in a dry bottle, iodine willnot adhere to the sides if it be free from moisture.

Actions and Uses.— I n tem a lly :— I n excessive doses,

irritan t and corrosive poison in medicinal doses, tOn ic,a lterative, deobstruen t, resolven t if exhibited for a sufhcien t length of time, it occasions debility and gives rise toa disturban ce of the constitu tion term ed iodism. Given as

a ton ic and a lterative in infl amma tory affections after thesubsiden ce of fever and a cute inflammation as a resolven tand stimulan t in ascites, hydrothorax, and similar com

pla in ts in which effusion is presen t ; as a deobstruent inchronic enla rgemen t of the liver , and the mammary and

other glands, also in in dura tions of mucous membranes.Likewise given in rheumatism,

in scrofulous diseases, and

144 VETERINARY PHARMACOP(E1A

to arrest the secretion of urine in diabetes insip idus.

Recommended as an an tidote to poison ing by mercuryand the vegetable alk a loids. Extern a lly

— Stimu lan t,coun ter -irritan t, resolven t in sore throat, bursa l en largemen ts, swellings of join ts, thick en ing of the periosteum ,

tumours of various k inds, stra in s of tendon s a lso in scab,m ange

,r ingworm,

mallenders and sa llenders, and otherSk in diseases,

Doses—HORSE , 10 to 2 0 gra in s— CATTLE , 2 0 to 30

grains—SHEEP, 5 to 10 grains—PI G, 2 to 5 grains.

DOG, l to 2 grains.


bolus, preferably as Liquor I odi

,sometimes as Tin ctura

I odi . Extern a lly— Lin imentum I odi ; Tin ctura I odi ;

U nguen tum I odi U nguen tum Su lphuris I odidi .

I ncompatibles.—Ammon ia metallic salts m ineral

acids vegetable alkaloids.

Antidotes.— Emetics, when applicable, aided by demul

cen t dr ink s starch , flou r , and sim ilar amyla ceous meals,suspended in water . I f the star ch - con taini ng remedies be

boiled with water and cooled before admin istration ,their

efficien cy will be in creased.

Preparations.

Ferri I odidum . Potassii I odidum .

H ydrargyri I odidum E u Su lphuris I odidum .

brum . Tin ctura I odi .Lin imentum I odi . U nguent um I odi .

Liquor I odi et Potassii U nguen tum Sulphuris

I odidi . I odidi .


Natural 0rder .—Convolvu lacece.

Composition —I ts cathart ic prin ciple is a resinousbody,soluble in a lcohol , insoluble in water .

Characters—Varying from the size of a nut to that ofan oran ge, ovoid, the larger tubercles frequen tly incised,covered with a thin , brown , wrink led cuticle p resenting,when out , a yellowish-grey colour, with dark brown con

centric circles.

Actions and U ses—I n terna lly — I n excessive doses,irritan t poison in medicin al doses, it is sometimes given tosheep and pigs, but usually to the dog, as a cathartic andvermifuge .

Doses—PI G, l to 2 drachms—DOG, é to 3 drachms.

Modes of Appli cation.—I n the form of bolus, or rubbed

up with some mucilaginous drink.

Preparation.— Extractum Jalapas, wh ich is a consti

tuent of purgative pills.

KAMALA

KAMALA

Synonym.—Kamela .

Minu te glands, which are found adhering to the capsulesof Rottler a tin ctor ia imported from I ndia .

Natural order .—E uphorbiacece.

Composition—I t con tains a yellow crystalline principlecalled R ottlerin .

CharactersandTests.—A fine, granular , mobile , orangered powder scarcely m iscible with wa ter , but soluble forthe most part in a lcohol and ether, form ing red- colouredsolutions. The residue insoluble in ether shou ld consist

principa lly of tufted hairs, and be free from san d and

earthy impurities.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPiE IA 147

Actions and Uses.—Purgative and an thelm in tic fortaenia .

Doses.—HORSE , l to2 ounces— DOG, l to 2 dra chms.

Modes of Application.—I h the form of bolus or sus

pended in gruel.

The inspissated juice obtained from in cisions made in

the trunk of Pteroca frp us Ma rsup ium . I mported fromMalabar .

Natural order .—Leguminosoe.

Composition .—Kino con tains(Kino—tann ic acid),Kinoin ,

Pyrocatechin ,Pectin ,

850 .

Characters and Tests— Sma ll, angu lar , brittle, glistening reddish -bla ck fragmen ts. When en tire they are

Opaque, but in thin laminae a re tran slucen t and ruby-red.

They are inodorous, but possess a very astringen t taste .

Soluble in a lcohol insoluble in ether . The min era l a cids,and solutions of gelatin e, tartarated an timony, a cetate of

lead, perchloride of iron ,

and n itrate of silver, produce

precipitates with the watery in fusion .

Actions and Uses.

Doses. Same as Catechu Pallidum .


LINI FARINA

LI N SEED MEAL

Linseed, or the cake from which the greater pa rt of theoil has been expressed, reduced to powder .

Natural Order .—~ Lina cece.

148 VETERINARY PHARMACOH E I A

Composition .— Chiefiy va luable in medi cine on account

of the mucilage it con ta in s.

U ses.—As an excipien t for powders.

Preparations.- ~ Cataplasma Calcis Chloratae Cata

plasma Ca rbon is 5 Cataplasma Lin i Cataplasma Sinapis.

LINI SEMINA

LINSEED

The seeds of the common flax, Linum usi ta tissimum.

Cu ltiva ted in Brita in .

Natural Order — Lin acece .

Composition — I ts value in medicin e depends upon the

mucilage it con tains,and the oil that is obtained from it

by expression .

Characters— Small, oval , pointed, flat , with acu te edgessmooth, shin ing, brown externally, yellowish-White intern a lly mu cilaginous oily taste.

Preparations— I n fusum Lin i ; Lin i Farin a ; OleumLin i .

LI NIMENTUM ACIDI CARBOLICI

LI N I MENT OF CARBOLIC ACID

This is synonymous with Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici ,which see.

LI N IMENTUM. ACONITI

LI N I MENT OF ACON I TE

Take of

A con ite Root,in coa rse powder 2 0 oun ces.

Camphor 1oun ce .

Rectified Spirit A sufli ciency

150 VETERINARY PHARMAcoc IA

LI NIMENTUM CALCIS

LI N IMENT OF LIME

Synonym—Can on Oil.‘

Tak e of

Solution of Lime

Olive Oil 2

Mix together with agitation .

Use—Applied to burns and scalds.

LI NIMENTUM CAMPHORE

LIN IMENT OF CAMPHORTake Of

Camphor 1oun ce.

Olive Oil 3 . 4 fluid ounces.

D issolve the camphor in the Oil.

Uses.—~A stimulating embrocation for deep

-seatedinflammations, glandula r swellings, &c.

LI N IMENTUM CAMPHORA] COMPOSI TUM

COMPOUND LIN IMENT OF CAMPHOR

Synonym—Wh ite Oil.Take of

Camphor 1oun ce.

R ectified Spirit 4 fluid ounces.

Olive Oil: 1pin t.Solu tion of Ammon ia 2 flu id oun ces.

Carron Oil is usually made with Linseed Oil , as it is

cheaper .— ED .

Sometimes one part of Oil of turpentine is added to this l in im ent to increase its act ivity.

3 Oil of tu rpen tine is sometimes added to increase the activityof this lin iment .


D issolve the camphor in the spir it, shak e the olive oil

with the solution Of ammon ia , and mix the whole together ,so as to form a lin imen t.

Uses.—Same as Linimentum Camphorae and Lin imen

tum Ammoniae, but more active.

LI NIMENTUM CANTHARI DI S

LIN IMENT OF CANTHARIDES

Synonyms—Oleum Cantharidis Oil of Cantharides.

Take ofCantharides, in powderOlive Oil 1 2

D igest in a water-bath for two or more hours, andstrain .

I lsa— vesican t.

LI NIMENTUM CREASOTI COMPOSITUM

COMPOUN D LIN IMENT OF CREASOTE

Take ofCreasoteOil Of Turpen tineOlive Oil

Mix together wi th agitation .

Uses—Similar to those of Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici.

Or six to ten parts of rape or linseed oil . -ED.

2 Oil of turpentine is sometimes added to increase the activity “

of this liniment.

152 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEI A‘

LI NIMENTUM CROTONI S

LIN IMENT OF CROTON O I L

Take ofCroton OilOil of Turpen tine, or Soap


Use.—Vesicant.

LI N IMENTUM CUPRI SUBACETATI S

LIN IMENT OF SUBACETATE OF COPPER 1

Synonyms—Lin imen tum JErugin is Lin imen t of Ver

digris.

Take of

Subacetate of Copper ,2 in fine

powderAlum ,

in fine powderTreacle

Boil and stir together un til the mixture assumes a browncolour .

Uses. —Eroden t and digestive in canker, thrush, andfoot-rot.

1 A mixture of one part of subacetate of copper and eight partsof lard is generally used instead of this l in iment.

The less expensive sulphate of copper may be substituted forthe subacetate in this preparation .


D issolve the iodin e,iodide Of potassium ,

and camphorin the spirit.

Uses.—Stimu lan t and deobstruen t to bursae and enlargedglands.

LI N IMENTUM PICIS LIQUIDE

LI N IMENT OF TAR

Tak e of

Oil Of Tar

Rape Oil

Mix together with agi ta tion .

Use.— I n sk in affections.

LI NIMENTUM OLEI PICIS LIQUIDIE

COMPOSI TUM

COMPOU N D LI N IMENT OF

Take of

Oil Of Turpen tineOil Of Tar

Rape Oil


Use— I n sk in affections.

LI NIMENTUM OPI I

LI N I MEN T OF OPI UMTak e of

Tin cture of Opium ,by measure

Compound Lin imen t Of Soap ,by measure

3 parts.

Use.—Anodyn e to local pa ins and sprains in rheuma

tism, &c.

VETERINARY PHARMACOP<EIA 155

LI NIMENTUM PLUMBI SUBACETATI S

LIN IMENT OF SU BACETATE OF LEAD

Take of

Solution of Subaceta te of LeadOlive Oil

Mix.

Uses.—Seda tive to excoria tedsurfa ces, or after the application Of a blister or the a ctua l cautery.

LI NIMENTUM SAPONIS COMPOSI TUM

COMPOUN D LI N I MENT OF SOAP

Synonym.—Opodeldoc.

Take ofSoft Soap 4 ounces.

Camphor 1ounce.

Proof Spirit 2 pin ts.

Solution of Ammon ia pin t.

Dissolve the soap and the camphor in the spirit, thenadd the solution of amm on ia , and filter for use.

’

Uses— Stimulan t and anodyne, after the subsiden ce of

local inflammation to sprains and bru ises ; to tumours,slight attacks of sore threat, &c.

LI NIMENTUM TEREBI NTHI NJE

LIN IMENT OF TURPENTINE

Take ofSoft Soap 2 oun ces.

Camphor 1oun ce.

Oil of Turpentine 16 fluid ounces.

156 VETERINARY PI—I ARMACOPmIA

D issolve the camphor in the Oil of turpen tine, thenadd the soap , r ubbing them together un til they a re

thoroughly mixed.

Uses— Same as Lin imentum Sapon is Compositum .

LI NIMENTUM TEREBINTHINE COMPOSITUM

COMPOU ND LI N IMENT OF TU RPENTI N E

Take of

Croton Oil 2 fluid drachms.

Oil of Tu rpen tine 4 fluid oun ces.

Olive or Rape Oil . 2 5 fluid oun ces.

Uses.—Rubefacien t and vesican t.

LIQUOR ACIDI CARBOLICI

SOLUTION OF CARBOLIC ACID

Tak e of

Carbolic A cidWa ter

Shake well together .

Uses— Lotion for extensive wounds after Operations,as a styptic, and as an an tiseptic to preven t the decompositiou of any blood that may a ccumu late from haemorrhagea fter the wound has been sewed up . For the destru ctionof pedicu li and acari , it is applied as hot as the an imal canbear it.


Uses.—Laxative and cathartic.

DoseS.—HORSE, 8 to 16 flu id oun ces.

—CATTLE, 8 to 16fluid ounces—SHEEP, 2 to 6 flu id oun ces.

LIQUOR ALUMI NI S

SOLU TI ON OF ALUM

Take ofAlum in Powder 1oun ce.

D istilledWater 16 fluid ounces.

D issolve the alum in the water .

Uses.—Extefm ally—As an astr ingen t or styptic.

LIQUOR AMMONIJE

SOLU TI ON OF AMMON I A


Strong Solu tion Of Ammon ia

D istilled Water

Mix, and preserve in a stoppered bottle.

Tests—Sp . gr . 0 959. Other chara cterssimilar toLiquorAmmon ias Fortior .

Actions and Uses— I n tern a lly z— I n excessive doses andundiluted, irritan t and n a r cotic poison in medicinal doses,an tacid, stimulan t, an tispasmodic, resolven t, and diuretic.Given in tympani tis, hoven , and in many inflammatory and

debilita ting compla in ts. Exter n a lly Coun ter-irritant,

rubefa cien t, vesican t.

Doses.—HORSE , to 1fluid oun ce.

—CATTLE, 1to 4 fluidounces—SHEEP, 1 to 3 flu id drachms—PI G, 1 to 3 fluiddrachms.—DOG, 5 to 2 0 m in ims.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPtEIA 159

ModesofApplication—I n tern a lly —D ilutedwith fromtwen ty to thirty parts of water , with cold gruel, or othermu cilaginous drink . As a stimu lan t

, sometimes admin is

tored to horses and cattle in the form Of Mistura Ammon izein indigestion and colic, one flu id oun ce of Liquor Ammo

n iee m ixed with three to five drachms of aloes, rubbed downin wa ter

,may be given to the same an imals. Extern a lly

I n the form Of Lin imentum Ammon iae, L in imentum Am

mon iae Compositum ,Lin imen tum Camphorae Compositum .

I ncompatibles.—Acids and metallic salts, except those

Of potassium , sodium , bar ium , and calcium .

Antidotes—Dilu te vin egar , and solutions of the non

poisonous vegetable acids.

Preparations. Lin imen tum Ammon iac , Lin imen tum

Ammon iae Compositum ,Linimentum Camphorae Com

positum .

LIQUOR AMMONIA: ACETATI S

SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF AMMON I A

Synonym.—Mindererus’s Spirit.

Composition—Ammon ium a cetate (acetate Of ammon ia )(NH 4)0 2 H 3O 2 , dissolved in wa ter .

Mode of Preparation —Tak e of

A cetic A cid 10 fluid oun ces.

3 2}oun ces, or a

sufficien cy.

D istilledWa ter 2 5pin ts.

Ca rbonate of Ammon ia

Powder the ca rbonate Of ammon ia , and add it graduallyto the acetic acid un til a neut ra l solution is formed

, thenadd the water .

Assuming,for simplicity’s sake, the carbonate Of am


mon ia to have the formu la 01110 2 00 3 , the following equation expresses the decomposition which takes pla ce duringits conversion in to acetate

Ammon iumAcetate

Ammon ium (Acetate of CarbonicCarbonate . Acetic Acid. Ammon ia). Anhydride(N H4)2 00 3 2 H0 2 H 30 2 2 (NH 4)0 2 H 30 § CO,

Characters and Tests—Transparent, colou rless, and

nearly odourless liquid, having a cooling, sa line, and un

pleasan t taste. Mixed with solution of potash it evolvesammon ia cal gas, and warmed with strong sulphuric acid itemits the vapour of acetic acid. The ammon iacal gas and

the vapour of acetic acid may each be recogni sed by theirpeculiar Odour.

Actions and Un a— I n tern a lly—Mild stimu lant

, dia

phoretic, and diuretic. Given as a febrifuge in inflamma

tion of the lungs, influen za , and other febrile afl'

ections,

usfially in combination with Potassas N itras, SpiritusE theris N i trosi, or with Spiritus [ Etheris N itrosi and

Extractum Belladonnas. Extern a lly—As a discutient.

D0868.—HORSE , 1to 4 flu id 0unces.— CATTLE, 4to8 fluidoun ces.—SHEEP, l to 3 fluid oun ces—PI G, l to 3 fluidounces—DOG, 2 to 6 drachms.

Modes of Application — I n ternally z—D iluted withabout three times its bulk Of water. Extern ally

—LotioAmmoniae Acetatis.

I ncompatibles.—Acids fixed alkalies and their car

bonates lime-water n itrate of silver ; a cetate of lead ;and meta llic su lphates.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

Preparations. —Lin imentum Camphorae Compositum

Liquor Ammon ias Spiritus Ammon iac Aromaticus.

LIQUOR ANTIMONI I OHLORI DI

SOLUTION OF CH LORIDE OF ANTIMONY

Synonyms—Solutions of An timon ious Chloride Solu

tion of Terchloride of Antimony Butter of Antimony.

Composition .—Water holding in solution antimon ious

chloride, ShCls.


Black Antimony (N a tive Antimon ious‘sulphide), in powder l 1P°“nd°

Hydrochloric Acid 4 pin ts.

Place the black antimony in a porcelain vessel, pourupon it the hydrochloric a cid, and, constantly stirring, applyto the mixture, beneath a flue with a good draught, a gentleheat, which must be gradua lly augmen ted as the evolutionof su lphuretted hydrogen gas begins to slacken

,un til the

liqu id boils. Ma in tain it at this tempera ture for fifteenm inu tes then remove the vessel from the fire, and filterthe liquid (solution of an timon ious chloride) through ca licointo another vessel, return ing what passes through first,that a perfectly clear solution may be obta ined. Evaporatethis to the bulk of two pints, and preserve it in a stopperedbottle.

An timon ious Hydrochlor ic Antimon ious SulphurettedSu lphide. Acid. Chlor ide. Hydrogen .

6H Cl 2 s 13 3112 s

Ammon iac and Ammon iae Carbonas obtained from this source are

k nown in commerce as volcan ic ammon ia ,’ and are to be preferredto the same preparations procured in any other way on account of

their greater purity.


CharactersandTests. -Hea vy liqu id, sp . gr . 1'47 usuallyof a yellowish -red colour . l A little of it dropped intowatergives a white precipitate (an timon ious oxychlor ide, SbOCl),and the filtered solution gives a white precipitate (silverchloride)with silver n itrate, indicating the presen ce of chlor ine . I f the white precipitate formed by water be treatedwith sulphuretted hydrogen , it becomes orange-coloured

(an timon ious su lphide, Sb2 S3 ).

Actions and Uses— I n tern a lly z— I rritan t and corrosive

poison . Exter n a lly— Either alone or mixedwith four parts

of Tin ctura Myrrhee Composita , it is employed as a causticin the treatmen t Of fistulas, thrush , cank er , luxu rian tgranu lations, foul and foot-rot . I t occasions but little

pa in .

Antidotes—Chalk ; magnesia or its carbonates ; anddemulcen t drinks.

Preparation—An timon i i Ox idum .

LIQUOR ANTIMONI I TARTARATI

SOLUTION OF TARTARATED ANTIMONY

Take of

Tar taratedAn timony, in powder 1ounce.

D istilled Water 4 to 8 ounces

D issolve the tartarated an timony in the water .

Use.—Coun ter-irritan t in deep-seated inflammations and

chron ic rheumatism of the join ts.

The colour is usually darker than here described, owing to thepresence of ferr ic chloride, derived from the iron vessels used in its‘

preparation .

164 VETERINARY PI I ARMACOPcE IA

LIQUOR ARGENTI NI TRATI S

SOLU TI ON OF N I TRATE OF SI LVER

Take of

N itrate of Silver 10 to 15 grains.D istilled Water 1fluid ounce.

D issolve the n itra te of silver in the water .

Uses—As an excitan t towounds, Are. One or two dropsof the solution ,

mixed with an equa l bulk of water, aresometimes introduced in to the eye to remove Opacity of thecornea.

LIQUOR ARSENI CALI S

ARSEN ICAL SOLUTION

Synonyms.—Liquor Potassas Arsen itis Fowler’s Solu

tion .

Composition—By some au thori ties it is regarded as

arsenious anhydride dissolved in a solution of potassiumcarbonate by others as an aqueous solu tion of potassiumarsenite, KASOz, and carbonate.

1 I t con tains an amoun tof arsen ical compound correspondin g to four grains of

arsen ious anhydride in one flu id oun ce.


ArseniousA cid, in powderCarbonate of PotashD istilledWa ter A sufliciency.

of ea ch, 80 grains.

Place the arsenious a cid and the carbonate of potash ina flask with ten oun ces of water, a nd apply heat until

Some potassium arsen ite is probably formed, which has thepower of dissolving arsenious anhydride more readily than water


Modes of Application . I n tern a lly z—D ilu ted withsufiicient water to make a draught. Extern a lly

— Dilutedwith from two to three times its bulk of water.

Antidote—A m ixture of an alka line ca rbonate and

Ferri Peroxidum H um idum .

LIQUOR ARSENICI HYDROCHLORI CUS

HYDROCHLORI C SOLU TI ON OF ARSEN I C

Synonym.— Liquor Arsen ici Chloridi .

Composition —A solution Of arsen ious anhydride (arsen ious acid) in dilute hydrochlor ic a cid. One oun ce of the

solution con tains four grains of arsen ious anhydride.


A rsen ious Acid, in powder 80 grains.

Hydrochlor ic A cid 2 fluid drachms.

D istilledWater A sufficien cy.

Boil the arsen ious acid with the hydrochloric acid and

four oun ces of the water , then add distilled water to make

the bulk up to one pin t.N O decomposition tak es place in this process the arse

n ious acid is simply dissolved by the dilute acid.

CharactersandTests.—Colourless liqu id, having an acid

reaction . Sp . gr . 10 09. Sulphuretted hydrogen gives at

On ce a br ight yellow precip itate (arsen ious sulphide).Soluble in ammon ium carbon a te.

Actions and Uses.

Modeof Application . Same as Liquor Arsen icalis.

Doses.

Antidote—A m ixture of an alkaline carbonate and

Ferri Peroxidum H umidum

VETERINARY PI—I ARMACOPGEIA 167

Preparation—Liquor Arseni ci et Hydrargyri I odidi

(the B .P. im ita tion of Donovan’ssolution ) con ta insabout one

per cen t. by weightof arsen ious iodide and ofmercuric iodide ;it is usefu l in chroni c sk in and rheumatic complain ts.

Dose.—For H ORSE and CATTLE

,1to 2 oun ces.

LIQUOR CALCIS

SOLU TI ON OF LIME

Synonyms—Aqua Ca lcis Lime-Wa ter .

Composition.-An aqueous solution of calcium hydrate,

Oa (H O) 2 . Ten flu id oun ces of the solution should containgra in s of ca lcium hydrate.


Slak ed Lime, fresh ly prepared 2 oun cesD istilled Wa ter 1gallon .

Put the lime in to a stoppered bottle con tain ing the water ,and shake well for two or three m in u tes. After twelvehours the excess of lime will have subsided, and the clearsolution may be drawn off with a siphon as it is requiredfor use, or transferred to a green glass bottle ‘ furn ishedwith a well-groun d stopper .

Characters and Tests—Transparen t, colour less, and

odour less liquid, having a disagreeable alka line taste.

Feebly alka line to test-paper . Exposed to the air , a white

pellicle or film (calcium carbonate) forms upon its surfa ce, 2

owing to the absorption of carbon ic anhydr ide by the

calcium hydrate. With solu tion of oxalic acid it gives a

white precipitate (ca lcium oxalate), insoluble in acetic a cid.

Lime-water shou ld not be k ept in white glass bottles, as ita ttacks the lead of wh ich they are partly composed.

2 Th is reaction tak es place much more rap idly if air from the

lungs be blown throng-h a tube into the lime-water.


Actions and Uses.— Chiefly as an an ta cid occasionallyas an an tidote for poison ing by acids.

DoseS.— HORSE , 4 to 6 fluid 0un ces.—CATTLE

, 4 to 6

fluid oun ces—SHEEP, if to 2 flu id oun ces—PI G, 5to 2 fluidoun ces— DOG, l to 4 flu id drachms.

Mode of Application—Mixed with sufficien t water toform a draught.

I ncompatibles.—Acids, and most metallic salts.

Preparations.—Lin imentum Calcis Lotio HydrargyriFlava Lotio Hydrargyri N igra .

LIQUOR CALCIS CHLORATJE

SOLU TI ON OF CHLOR I NATED LI ME

Synonyms— Solu tion of Chloride of Lime Solution of

Hypochlorite of Lime.

Composition.-Water holding in solution an amount of

calcium hypochlor ite equiva len t to thirteen grains of ava ilable chlorine in one ounce of the flu id.


Chlorinated Lime 1pound.

DistilledWater 1gallon .

Well m ix the water and the ch lorinated lime by trituration in a mor tar , and, having tran sfer red the m ixture to a

stoppered bottle, shake it occasionally during three hours 5now pour out the con ten ts of the bottle on a calico filter ,and preserve the solution , which passes through ,

in a stopp ered bottle.

Characters and Tests—Transpa ren t, near ly colou rlessliqu id. Sp . gr. 10 35. Exposed to the atmosphere, thecalcium hypochlorite is decomposed by carbon ic anhydride ;the calcium carbonate produced is deposited as a white


Uses. - FOr injection in to sinuses, one part of this solution is m ixed with from two to three times its volume ofwater . See also Cupr i Sulphas.

LIQUOR CUPRI SULPHATI S COMPOSI TUS

COMPOUND SOLUTION OF SU LPHATE OF

COPPER

Take of

Sulphate of Copper

A lumWaterSulphuric A cid

Uses— See Cupri Sulphas.

LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORI DI FORTIOR

STRONG SOLU TI ON OF PERCHLORI DEOF I RON

Composition — On e flu id drachm contains 3547 grainsof perchloride of iron (ferric chloride, FezCle), dissolved inwater .

This preparation also con tains free hydrochloric acid.

Mode of Preparation — Take ofI ron Wire 2 oun ces.

Hydrochloric Acid 12 fluid oun ces.

N itric A cid 9 flu id drachms.D istilledWater 8 fluid oun ces.

Mix eight flu id oun ces Of the hydrochloric a cid with thedistilledwater , and in thisdissolve the iron at a gen tle heat.Filter the solution ,

add it to the rema inder of the hydro

chloric a cid and the n itric acid, heat the mixture briskly


un til on the sudden evolu tion Of red fumes the liquid becomes of an orange-brown colour , then evaporate by the heatof a wa ter -bath un til it is reduced to ten flu id ounces. The

production of perchloride Of iron tak es pla ce in two stages

H ydrochloricAcid.

2 H CI

Ferrous H ydrochloric N itric

Ch lor ide. Acid. Acid.

2 . GFeCl 2 6H Cl 2 HNO 3

N itric

Oxide . W ater .

2 N O 4112 0

Characters and Tests.

'

— Orange ‘

-brown solution ,with

a strong astringen t and inky taste ; miscible with waterand rectified spir it in all proportion s. Sp . gr . 13 38.

D il 'uted with water, it gives a white precipitate (silverchloride)with silver n itra te, showing that it con ta ins chlorine, and a da rk blue precipitate (Prussian blue)with potassium ferrocyan ide, indicating the presen ce of a ferric salt.

Uses.—I n preparing Tin ctura Ferri Perchloridi (1 Of

l iquor to 3 of spirit) and in preparing Liquor Ferri Perchloridi (l of Liquor to 3 Of water .)

LIQUOR FERRI PERSULPHATI S

SOLU TI ON OF PERSULPHATE OF I RON

Tak e of

Sulpha te of I ron 8 ounces.

Su lphur ic A cid 51fluid ounce.

N itric Acid flu id oun ce.


Add the. su lphuric acid oun ces Of the water ,

Hydrogen .

H 2

Ferric Chlor ide(Perchloride

of I ron ).

3Fe2 016

172 VETERINARY PHARMACOHEIA

dissolve the Sulphate of iron in the m ixture with the aid of

heat. Mix the n itric acid with the remain ing two oun cesof water, and add the diluted -acid to the solution Of

sulphate of iron . Con cen trate the whole by boiling, un til,by the sudden disengagemen t of ruddy vapours, the liquidceases to be black a nd acqu ires a red colour . Test a dropof the solution with potassium ferrocyan ide if a blueprecipitate be produced, indicating the presence Of some

una ltered ferrous salt,a few additiona l drops of n itric acid

a re to be added and the boiling renewed in order that thewhole may become conver ted into ferric sa lt.1 When thesolution is cold

,mak e up the quan tity to eleven fluid

oun ces by the addition , if necessary, of distilled water .

Sulphate of Oxygen Persulphate of

I ron (Ferrous Sulphur ic from I ron (FerricSu lph ate). Acid. N itric Acid Su lphate).:zFeSO4 2 112 s0 4 0 2 2 Fe 2 (so4)a

Water .

2 112 0

Uses.—Styptic ; also in the preparation of Ferri

Peroxidum H umidum .

LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORI DI

SOLUTION OF PERCHLORI DE OF MERCURY

Take of

Perchloride of Mercury 3 to 6 grains.

Water 1fluid oun ce.

Uses— Exter n a lly—I n the treatmen tof scab andmange,

a lso for the destruction Of vermin infesting the skin .

2

1 The boiling, with small additional quantities of n itric acid.must be repeated until a drop of the solution ceases to yield a blueprecipitate with potassium ferrocyanide.

2 2 m inims of hydrocyan ic acid added to 2 grains of perch lorideof mercury dissolved in 1flu id ounce Of water forms a lotion whichis sometimesapplied to the skin , especially of dogs, to relieve itching.


LIQUOR MORPHI NJE HYDROCHLORATI S

SOLU TI ON OF HYDROCHLORATE OF MORPHI A

Take of

Hydrochlorate of Morphia

D iluted Hydrochloric AcidRectified SpiritD istilledWater

Mix the hydrochloric acid, the spirit, and the water , anddissolve the hydrochlorate of morphia in the mixture. The

strength is about 1in 100.

Uses—As a sedative, sopor iflc, an tispasmodic, Ore.

Doses—See Liquor Morphiae Acetatis.

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATI S

SOLUTION OF SU BAOETATE OF LEAD

Synonyms. Liquor Plumbi D iacetatis Solution of D i

acetate Of Lead Goulard’

s Extract.

Composition —N ot accurately known probably a mix

ture of two or more basic acetates Of lead.

Mode of Prep aration—Take of

Acetate of Lead 5 ounces.

Oxide of Lead (Litharge),3 1

in powder5 ounces.

D istilledWater 1pin t, or a sufficiency.

Boil the acetate and oxide of lead in the wa ter for halfan hour , constan tly stirr ing then filter

, and when the

l iquid is cold add to it more distilledwater un til the product


measures twenty fluid oun ces. Keep the clear solu tion inwell-stoppered bottles, to preven t its being decomposed byatmospher ic carbon ic anhydride. I n this process the ace

tate of lead un iteswith the oxide of lead,and is transformed

into the mixture of basic salts above referred to.

Characters and Tests— Heavy, clear , colou rless liqu id.

Sp . gr . A lka lin e reaction, sweet astringen t taste.

Exposed to the air it becomes turbid,1 from the absorptionof carbon ic anhydride and consequen t formation Of leadcarbonate. The addition Of strong su lphuric a cid throwsdown a white precipitate (lead su lphate), and libera tes thevapour of acetic a cid, which can be iden tified by its Odou r .

The former reaction indicates - the presen ce of lead the

latter that the sa lt is an a cetate.

Use.—I n preparing Lin imentum Plumbi Subacetatis.

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATI S DILUTUS

D I LU TED SOLU TI ON OF SU BACETATEOF LEAD

Synonym.—Goulard’sWater .


Solu tion Of Suba cetate of Lead of each, 2 fluidReetified Spir it dra chms.

D istilled Wa ter 9 195fluid ou n ces.

Mix,and filter through paper . Keep the clear solution

in a stoppered bottle .

Air from the lungs blown through a tube into a solution produces the turbidity much more rapidly . Compare with Plumbi

Acetas.

2 Commonwater should never be emp loyed for diluting subacetateof lead, as it precip itates the lead as su lphate and carbonate, andthus destroysor diminishes the activity of the preparation .

‘


Actions and Uses—Extern a lly —Astringen t and sedative. Applied, bymeans of ragswetted with it, to the skinto allay pain and irr itation , and tosubdue superficial inflammation . See a lso Linimentum Plumbi Subacetatis. As a

collyrium in conjun ctiva l Ophthalmia , one part of this pre

paration , diluted with an equal bulk of water , is to be

used.

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATI S ET OPI I

SOLUTION OF SU BACETATE OF LEADAND OPI UM

Take of

Solution of Subacetate Of Lead 1fluid drachm.

Tincture of Opium 1fluid drachm .

D istilled Water 6 fluid oun ces.

Mix.

Uses—Anodyn e to wounds, to blistered and cauterisedsurfaces, and in superficia l inflammation of the eye, skin ,

or

joints.

LIQUOR POTASSZE

SOLUTI ON OF POTASH

Composition .—Twenty-seven gra ins of potassium hy

drate, KHO,in one fluid oun ce of water .

Mode of Preparation—Take ofCarbonate of Potash 1pound.

Slaked Lime 12 oun ces.

D istilledWater 1gallon .

D issolve the carbona te of potash in the water, and

having heated the solution to the boiling-poin t in a. cleani rOn vessel, gradua lly mix with it the slaked lime, and con

tinue the ebu llition for ten m inutes with constant stirring.

Then remove the vessel from the fire ; and when , by the

178 VETERINARY PHARMACOP<E IA

LIQUOR POTASSJE NI TRATI S

SOLUTION OF N ITRATE OF POTASH

Tak e of

N itrate of Potash, in powder 1oun ce.

Water 7flu id oun ces.

Dissolve, and apply immediatelyafter the solution of.the

salt has been effected,

Uses— Stimulan t to gangrenous and other wounds, a lsoto superficial inflammations and slight sprains.

LIQUOR POTASSE PERMANGANATI S

SOLUTION OF PERMANGANATE OF POTASH

Take ofPermanganate of Potash 4 grains.

Water 1fluid ounce.

D issolve.

Use—Cleansing wash for diseased surfaces.

LIQUOR POTASSE SULPHURATE

SOLUTION OF SULPHURATED POTASH

Take of

Su lphuratedPotash 1oun ce.

Water 8 fluid ounces.

Dissolve.

Use—Applied to the skin in scab, mange, and other

sk in affections.

VETERI NARY PHARMACOPGBIA 179

LIQUOR somsSOLU TI ON OF SODA

Composition grains of sodium hydrate, N aHO,in

every flu id oun ce of water .


Carbonate of Soda 2 8 oun ces.Slaked Lime 12 oun ces.

D istilled “Water 1gallon .

D issolve the carbonate of soda in the water , and, havingheated the solution to the boiling-poin t in a clean iron

vessel, gradua lly m ix with it the slaked lime,and con tinu e

the ebu llition for ten m inu tes with constan t stirring. Then

remove the vessel from the fire, and when , by the suhsi

den ce of the insoluble ma tter (calcium carbon ate), thesupernatan t liqu id (solution of sodium hydrate) hasbecome perfectly clear , transfer it by means of a siphon

to a green glass 1 bottle furn ished with an a ir—tightstopper , and add distilled water , if necessary, to mak e it

correspond with the tests of specific gravity and neutra lising

power .

2

Sodium

HydrateSodium Calcium (Caustic Calcium

Carbonate . Hydrate . Soda). Carbon ate .

N a gCO 3 Ca (HO)2 2 N aHO CaCO 3

Characters and Tests. —Transparen t, colourless, and

odourless liquid. Sp . gr . 1047. A lkaline to test-papera crid taste feels soapy when rubbed between the fingerand thumb. Mixed with excess of solu tion of tartaric

As it slowly acts upon and dissolves the lead of white ones.

2 See the ‘ British Pharmacopoeia ’for 1867, if it be desired 10

apply th is test.


a cid, and stirred, no precipita te is thrown down thus it isdistinguished from Liquor Potassae. I f a platinum wire,moistened with the solu tion ,

be heated before the blowpipe,a yellow colou r is imparted to the flame, indicating the

presence of sodium. I t should not efl'

ervesce when added

to an excess of diluted hydrochloric acid, proving the

absence of carbonate. Chlor ides, sulphates, and iron are

detected in the manner described under Liquor Potassae.

Preparation—Soda. Caustica .

LIQUOR STRYCHNIE

SOLUTION OF STRYCHN I NE

Take ofStrychn ia, in crystals 10 grains.

D iluted Hydrochloric A cid 15minims.

Rectified Spirit 5 fluid drachms.D istilled Water 15 fluid drachms.

Mix the hydrochloric acid with ten drachms of the

water , and dissolve the strychn ia in the mixture by the

a id of heat then add the spirit and the rema inder of thewater .

1

The strychnine, during its solu tion in the hydrochlorica cid, is converted into hydrochlorate, Cl 2 2 N 2 0 2 .HCl.

Actions and Uses—Stimulan t and ton ic.

Doses. l—H 0Rss, 2 to 6 fluid drachms.—CATTLE, 2 to 6

fluid drachms.—SH EEP, g to 2 flu id drachms—DOG, 3 to

10 minims.

2

1 Two fluid drachms of Liquor Strychnias contain onegrain of

strychn ia .

2 Liquor Strychnia is the safest form of administeringstrychnineto dogs.

—ED.

182 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEI A

solution of ammonia be slowly added to the preparationdiluted with water , a white, or, if iron be presen t, a

brown ish -white, precipitate (zin c hydra te) will be thrown

down,which dissolves in excess of the precipitan t. On

saturating this ammon ia ca l solution , after filtration ,if

necessary, with su lphuretted hydrogen ,a white precipitate

(zin c su lphide) is produced, which readily dissolves in

dilute hydrochloric acid this rea ction is indicative of the

presen ce of zinc. Another portion of the diluted preparation ,

acidified with n itric a cid, and trea ted with silvern itra te

,furn ishes a white precipitate (silver chloride),

showing that the salt is a chloride.

ActionsandUses.—Chiefly employed as a deodor iser and

disin fectan t for this purpose on e flu id oun ce of chlor ideof zin c may be diluted with on e ga llon of water and dis

tribu ted about the apartmen t in sha llow plates, or it may

be sprink led over the floor,&c. Fifty m in ims of Burnett’s

Flu id,diluted with one pin t of water , forms a lotion which

may be applied, by means of a sponge saturated with it,to open join ts.

I n the con cen trated state it is a powerfu l astringen t andcaustic

,and used in the treatmen t of fetid u lcers and

wounds,fistulas, luxurian t growths, &c. See a lso Zinci

Chloridum .

Preparation.

‘ —Zinci Chloridum .

LIQUOR ZI NOI SULPHATI S

SOLUTION OF ZI N C SU LPHATE

Take of

Sulphate of Zinc 5 oun ces.

DistilledWater 2 0 oun ces.

Tuson‘

s Liqu id D isinfectant consists of a solutionch loride saturated with sulphurous anhydride.

VETERINARY PHARMAcomE IA 18!

Mix the sulphateof zin c with the water, and dissolve bythe aid of heat.

Actions andUses.—Similar to Liquor Zinci Chloridum .

LOTI O ACIDI CARBOLICI

LOTION OF CARBOLIC ACI D

Take of

Carbolic Acid 1fluid drachm.

Water 6 to 12 flu id oun ces.

Mix and well shake.

Uses—D ressing for unhea lthy sores, indolen t ulcers,foot-rot in sheep, the feet of cattle sufi

'

ering from foul in

the treatmen t of eczema, grease, mange, and scab a lso to

allay itching in skin afl'

ections.

l

LOTIO AMMONIE AOETATI S

LOTION OF ACETATE or AMMON I A

Take ofSolution of Acetate of Ammon ia Of each,Rectified Spirit 4 fluid oun ces.Water 1pin t.

Mix.

Use.—D iscutient. The part is to be kept constantly

moist with the lotion .

One drachm of carbolic acid shaken with a. quart of waterforms an efficien t wash for the mouth , feet, and udders of anima lssuffering from aphthous epizootic.


LOTIO AMMONII CHLORIDI ETCAMPHORJE

LOTI ON OF CHLORI DE OF AMMONI UM AND

CAMPHOR

Synonyms.—Lotio Discutiens D iscutient Lotion .

Mode of Preparation—Take ofChlori de of Ammoni um ,

in powder 1ounce.

D iluted Acetic Acid 8 fluid ounces.

Spirit of Camphor l fluid oun ce.

D issolve the chlori de of ammonium in the di luted aceticacid, and add the spiri t of camphor .

Use.—~ D iscutien t to indolen t tumours and chronic

sprains.

I t should be well shaken before use, and applied withfriction .

LOTIO AMMONII CHLORIDI ET POTASSENI TRATI S

LOTI ON OF CHLORI DE OF AMMON I UM AN D

N I TRATE OF POTASH

Synonyms—Lotio Refrigerans Cooling Lotion.

Take ofChloride of Ammoni um

,in powder Of each

N itrate of Potash , in powder . 2 5ounces.1pin t.

Add the chloride of ammon ium and n itrate of potash tothe water, and, di rectly they are dissolved, dip clothsin thesolution and lay them on the inflamed part.


quan tity taken from the cen tre of the crucible, when ithas cooled, and dropped in to dilute sulphur ic acid, causesno efl

'

ervescence, showing that it con tains no carbonate.Oficial Carbonic

Carbon ate of Magnesia . Magnesia. Anhydride.4Mgo 300 ,

Water .

5E 2 0

Characters.—White powder, very slightly soluble inwa ter, but readily dissolves in acids wi thou t efl'

ervescence.

I ts solution in hydrochloric a cid, when neutra lised by a

m ixed solution of ammon ium chloride and ammon ia, givesa copious crysta lline precipitate (ammonia -magnesium phos

phate) when hydrogen -di -sodium phosphate is added to it .D issolved in n itric acid, it should give no precipitate withbarium chloride, showin g the absen ce of sulphate, and

when neutralised with a mixture of ammonium chlorideand ammonia , it should yield no precipitatewith ammoniumoxalate, indicating its freedom from calcium .

Actions and Uses.—An tacid and laxative. On ly givenby the veterinarian to foals or calves suffering from indigestion .

Doses. —From 2 to 8dra chms,combined with a carmina

tive, are administered, suspended in m ilk or gruel.

MAGNESIA: CARBONAS l

CARBONATE OF MAGNESI A

Synonym—Magnesia A lba .

Composition—A mixture of magnesium carbonate andhydrate, to which the formulahas been assigned.

Magnesia Carbonas Levis (Light Carbonate of Magnesia) is a

bulky white powder, possessing the same chemical and therapeuticproperties as this preparation.


Mode of Preparation—Take ofSulphate of Magnesia 10 ounces.

Carbonate of Soda 12 oun ces.

Boiling D istilled Water a sufficiency.

Dissolve the sulphate of magnesia and the carbonate ofsoda each in a pin t of thewater , m ix the two solutions, andevaporate the whole to perfect dryness by means of a sand

ba th. D igest the residue for half an hou r with two pin tsof the water

,and having collected the insoluble matter

(officia l carbonate of magnesia) on a ca lico filter , wash itrepeatedlywith distilled water (to remove sodium su lphate)until the washings cease to give a precipitatewith bariumchloride. Finally, dry the produ ct at a temperature not

exceeding 2 12 ° F.

Magnesium Sodium Ofii cialSulphate. Carbon ate. Water . Carbonate of Magnesia.

4n 80 4 4N a 2 00 3 5H 2 O

Sodium Carbon ic

Sulphate. Anhydride.ANA 2 so4 00 2

Characters and Tests—White granular powder , whichdissolves with effervescence in di luted ni tric acid, showingtha t the preparation con tain s a carbonate

,and yielding

a solu tion which , when treated with ammon ium chloride,ammonia , and hydrogen -di -sodium phosphate, givesa copiouswhite crystalline precipitate (ammon io-magnesium phos

pha te), showing the presen ce of magnesium . With slightexcess of hydrochloric acid it forms a clear solution

,in

which barium chloride will cause no precipitate if sulphatesbe absent. Another portion of the solution supersaturatedwith ammon ia gives no precipitate with ammonium oxa

late or su lphuretted hydrogen ,un less calcium and iron are

respectively presen t.

Actions and Uses.Same asMagnesia .

Doses.


MAGNESIJE SULPHAS

SU LPHATE OF MAGNESI A

Synonyms—Magnesium Sulpha te Epsom Salts.

Composition.

Mode of Preparation—Var ious methods are adopted,but the simplest consists in dissolving magnesi te (nativemagnesium carbonate, MgCOa) in dilu te sulphuric acid,heating the solution formed (magnesium su lphate) un tilcarbon ic anhydride ceases to be evolved, filtering and

evaporating the filtrate, so tha t the resu lting magnesiumsulphate may crystallise out on cooling and standing.

Magn esium

SulphateMagnesium Sulphuric (Sulphate of Carbon ic

Carbonate. Acid. Magnesia). Water . An hydr ide .

MgCO , Mgso, H ,O CO 2

I n assum ing the solid state the salt acqu ires seven molecules of water of crysta llisation .

‘

Character and Tests—Very small,colourless, trans

paren t rhombic prisms, possessing a bitter taste. Readi lydissolves in water , and the solution gives a copious whitecrystalline precipitate (ammon io-magnesium phosphate)with ammon ium chloride

,ammon ia , and hydrogen -di

sodium phosphate ; and a white precipitate, insoluble inn itric acid

,with barium chloride, showing that the sa lt is

Magnesium sulphate is a lso preparedbydecomposingmagnesianlimestone (MgCO, + Ca00 3) with sulphuric acid.

Magnesian Su lphur ic Magnesium Cal ciumLimestone Acid. Su lphate . Sulphate.

[MgCOs 03 00 3] 2 112 80 4 Mg

‘

SO, 0 0380 ,

The magnesium sulphate is separated from the comparatively insoluble calcium sulphate by solution in water, and is purified bycrystallisation.

190 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGBIA

MARMOR ALBUM

WHI TE MARBLE

Composition.—N aturally crystallised calcium carbonate,

0 3 00 3 .

Characters and Tests—Heavy, white crystalline, solid.

D issolves almost completely in hydroct ric a cid, withevolution of carbon ic anhydride.

Use.—Chiefly in the production of carbonic anhydride.

MASSA ALOES

MASS OF ALOES

Synonym.—Cathartic Mass.

Take of

BarbadoesAloes, in small piecesGlycerinGinger , l in powderRape Oil

Melt together in a water -bath, and thoroughly in

corpora te by frequen t stirring.

Use.—Cathartic for the horse.

Dose—From 6 to 8 dra chms.

I n cases inwhich the use of ginger maybe consideredobjectionable substitute an equal weight of powdered gentian .


MASSA ALOES COMPOSITA

COMPOU ND MASS OF ALOES

8ynonym.—AlterativeMass.

Take of

Barbadoes Aloes, in powderSoft SoapCommon Mass

Thoroughly in corporate by beating in a mortar, so as

to form a mass.

Use.-A.lterative for the horse.

Dose.—1ounce.

MASSA ANTIMONI I TARTARATICOMPOSITA

COMPOUND MASS OF TARTARA’I

‘

ED

ANTIMONY

Synonym—Fever Ball.

Take of

Tartarated An timony, in powder Qdrachm.

Camphor, in powder dra chm.

N itra te of Potash, in powder 2 drachms.

Common Mass a sufficiency.

Mix so as to form a.bolus.

Use.—Febrifuge for the horse.

Dose—The above mixture constitutes one dose.


MASSA BELLADONNE COMPOSITA

COMPOU ND MASS OF BELLADONNA

Synonym—Cough Ball .

Take of

Extract of Belladonna to 1drachm .

BarbadoesA loes, in powder 1drachm .

N itrate of Potash, in powder 2 drachms.

Common Mass a sufficiency.

Mix so as to form a bolus.

Use.— For the horse in chron ic cough .

Dose—The above mixture constitutes one dose.

MASSA CATECHU COMPOSITA

COMPOU ND MASS OF CATECHU

Synonym—Astringen t Mass.

Take of

Extract of Catechu , in fin e powderCinnamon Bark , in fine powderCommon Mass

Mix .

Use—Astringen t for the horse.

Dose.— 1oun ce, in the form of bolus.

MASSACOMMUNIS

COMMON MASSTake of

Linseed, finely groundTrea cle of each, equal parts.

194 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGJIA

MASSA FERRI SULPHATI S

MASS OF SU LPHATE OF IRON

Synonym—Ton ic Mass.

Take of

Sulphate of I ron , in powderGinger , in powderCommon Mass

Use—Toni c for the horse.

Dose.— 6 to 8 drachms.

MASSA RESI NzE COMPOSITA

COMPOUND MASS OF RESIN

Synonym— Diuretic Mass.

Take of

Resin,in powder

N itrate of Potash, in powderOf each

,

Hard Soapequa l parts.

Use—Diuretic for the horse.

Dose—1oun ce.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPcE IA 195

MASSA ZI NGI BERI S COMPOSITA

COMPOU N D MASS OF GINGER

Synonym—Cordia l Mass.

Take of

Ginger , in powderGen tian Root, in powderTrea cle a sufficiency.

of each, equal parts.

Mix SO as to form a mass.

Use.— Stoma chic for the horse.

Dose— 1oun ce.

MISTURA AMMONIJE

AMMON I A MI XTURE

Take of

Solution of Ammon ia

Spirit of N itrous Ether .

CompoundTin cture of Gen tian

Actions and Uses— Stimulan t and antispasmodic .

DOSGS.—HORSE, 1 to 2 fluid oun ces.

—CATTLE, 2 to 4

fluid ounces— SHEEP, 4 to 6 fluid drachms.

MISTURA CREASOTI

CREASOTE MIXTURETake of

Creasote 16 min ims.

A cetic Acid 16 minims.

0 2

196 VETERINARY PHARMACOP(E IA

Spir it of Jun iperSyrup

D istilledWa ter

Mix .

Act ionsand Uses.—Astringen t, styptic, and an tiseptic.

Doses.— HORSE, 7to 10 oun ces—DOG, to 1oun ce.

MISTURA CRETJE COMPO'

SITA

COMPOU ND CHALK MIXTURE

Synonym.—Sheep and Calves

’Cordia l.

Take of

Prepared Cha lkCatechu , in powderGin gerOpium

Peppermin t Water

Use.—To check diarrhoea in calves and sheep .

Doses— CALL“, to l flu id ounce— SHEEP, 4 to 8 fluiddrachms.

MISTURA RICINI

CASTOR-OI L MI XTU RETak e of

Castor OilSyrup Of Buck thornSyrup of Poppies

Mix.

Use.— Cathartic for the dog.

Dose—4 to 8 flu id drachms.


Macerate the Opium for twen ty-four hours with two

pints of the water, and decan t. Macerate the residue for

twelve hours with two pin ts of the water, decant, and

repeat the process with the same quan tity of the water,subjecting the insoluble residue to strong pressure. U n itethe liquors, evaporate in a water -ba th to the bu lk of one

pint, and strain through cali co. Pour in now the chlorideof calcium , previously dissolved in four fluid ounces of

distilled water , and evapora te un til the solution is so far

concen trated that upon cooling it becomes solid. Envelopthe mass in a double fold of strong ca lico, and subject it topowerful pressure, preserving the dark fluid which exudes.Tritura te the squeezed cak e with about half a pint ofboiling distilled water, and, the whole being thrown upona paper filter, wash the residue well with boiling distilledwater . The filtered fluids having been evaporated as

before, cooled and solidified, again subject the mass to

pressure ; and, if it be still much coloured, repeat theprocess a third time, the expressed liqu ids being alwayspreserved. D issolve the pressed cake in six fluid ouncesof boiling distilled water add the an imal charcoal, and

digest for twen ty minu tes ; filter , wash the filter and

charcoal with boiling distil led wa ter, and to the solution thus obta ined add the solution of ammonia in

excess.Let the pure crysta llin emorphia , whi ch separates as the

liquid cools, be collected on a paper filter and washed withcold distilled wa ter un til the washings cease to gi ve a

precipitate with solution of n itrate of silver acidulated byn itric acid.From the dark liquidsexpressed in the above process an

addi tiona l product may be obtained by diluting them withdistilled water, precipitating with solution of potash addedin considerable excess, filterin g, and supersaturating thefiltrate with hydrochlor ic a cid. This acid liquid

,digested


with a little an ima l charcoal, and again filtered, gives, uponthe addition of ammonia , a small quan tity Of pure morphia .

D iffuse the pure morphine, Obtained as above, throughtwo fluid oun ces Of boiling distilled water placed in a

porcelain capsule, kept hot, and add, constan tly stirr ing,

the diluted hydrochloric acid, proceeding with caution ,

so

that the morphine may be en tirely dissolved and a neu tralsolution obtained. Set aside to cool and crystallise .

D rain the crystals and dry them on filtering-paper . By

further evaporating the mother liquor, and again coolingadditional crystals are obtained. Wa ter extracts fromOpium themecon ate and sulpha te of morphine and codeinea part of the narcotine, of the mecon ine, of the narceine, andof the thebaine the brown a cid extractive, and a par t ofthe resin and of the fat Oil. When chlori de of calciumis a dded to in fusion of Opium, meconate, W i th a li ttlesu lphate of lime, and some resinous colouring matter , are

precipitated, while the hydrochlorates of morphine and of

codeine are left in solution . A watery solution of the

impure crysta ls Obtained by evaporation is then decom

posed by ammon ia by whi ch the morphia is precipitated,while codeine and hydrochlora te of ammon ia are left insolu tion . Themorphine isdissolved in hydrochloric acid, andthe solution of the hydrochloric decolorised by charcoa l.Characters and Tests—White, flexible, acicular prisms

of a silky lustre, not changed by exposure to the air , solublein water and a lcohol. The aqueous solution gives a whitecurdy precipitate with n itrate of silver , and a white one

with potash, which is redissolved when an excess Of the

a lkali is added. Moistened with strong nitri c acid itbecomes orange-red, and with solution of perchloride of

iron green ish -blue. En tirely destructible by heat, leaving !

no residue. Twen ty grains of the salt dissolved in half anoun ce of warm water, with ammonia added in the slightestpossible excess, gi ve on

‘ cooling a crysta lline precipita te


which,when washed with a little cold wa ter and dr ied by

exposure to the air,weighs 15 to 18 gra in s.

Actions and Uses—I n terna lly z—Anodyne, seda tive,soporific, and an tispasmodic. Extern a lly

—To relieveneura lgia , tetanus, acute rheumatism , and en teritis inhorses.

Doses.

1—HORSE, 3 to10 gra ins—CATTLE, 3 to 10 grains.SHEEP, g to 2 gra ins—PI G, a to 2 grains.

—DOG, g to 5

grain .

Modes of Application.-I n terna lly

—I n the form of

bolus, or dissolved in water acidu lated with a little hydrochloric a cid. Externa lly

—By hypodermic injection . See

Liquor MorphiaeAcetatis.

Antidotes— See Opium .

MORPHINA

MORPH I NE

An alk aloid, C ,7H 19N O3 , Obtained from Opium . N earlyinsoluble in cold wa ter. Readily soluble in hydrochloricor acetic acid. U sed in the form of a cetate or hydrochlorate Of morphi a .

APOMORPHINE

APOMORPH I NE

(Jomposition.—C l 7B ,7NO 2 .

Mode of Preparation—By heating morphine for some

hourswith an excess of hydrochloric a cid, and precipitatingthe hydrochloride thus formed with sodium carbonate.

l For Liquor Morphiae Hydrochloratis, see p . 174.

2 02 VETERINARY PHARMAOOPcE IA

Triturate the starch with the water , gradually addedthen boil for a few m inutes, constantly stirring.

Use— I n preparing enemas.

MYLABRI S

MYLABRI S

Synonyms.—Mylabr is Cichoru Chinese Blistering F ly.

Natural order .— Coleop ter a .

Composition — I ts vesican t properties are due to the

presen ce of can tharidin .

Characters—An insect,found on the flowersof the suc

cory plan ts in I ndia and China . Abou t an in ch and a

quarter in length ; shea th -wings black,each presen ting

an ter iorly two almost quadrate brown ish—yellow spots ;behind these two brown ish -

yellow bands, each of whichequals about one-sixth of the length of the sheath-wings.

Actions and Uses— I ts physiological actions are the

same as those of can tha rides,except that it is sa id not to

affect the k idneys when topically applied. Employed inthe form of U nguen tum Mylabridis as a coun ter - irritan taud vesican t.

Preparation — U nguen tum Mylabridis.

MYRRHA

MYRRH

A gum-resinous exudation from the stem of Ba lsamoden

d'ron My'r 'rka . Collected in Arabia Felix and Abyssin ia .

Natural order .—Amy

'r idaceae or Bu rser aceoe.

Composition — I ts medicinal a ctivity depends upon the

resin and volatile Oil which it con tains they are both per

VETERINARY PEARMACOPcEIA 2 03

fectly soluble in rectified spirit, but on ly partially so in

proof spirit.

Characters—I n irregularly shaped tearsor masses,vary

ing mu ch in size,slightly translu cen t, of a reddish -

yellowor reddish-brown colour fra ctured surface

,irregu lar , and

somewhat oily odour agreeable and aromatic taste a cridand bitter .

Actions and Uses— I n tern a lly —Stimu lan t and ton ic.I t is sometimes given in dyspepsia depending upon debility,but recommended chiefly for ca ttle in cases of chron iccough ; for the latter pu rpose it is usually combined withopium . Extern a lly

-As an excitan t and deodoriser to

wounds and indolen t and foetid ulcers.

DoseS. -HORSE, 2 to 4drachms.—CATTLE, § to1oun ce.

SHEEP, l to 2 drachms— PI G,l to 2 drachms—D OG, 10

to 30 gra in s.

Modes of Application — I n terna lly —I n the form of

bolus pill Tinctura Myr rhas, Tin ctura Aloes Composita .

Extern a lly z—Powder Tin ctura Myrrhee Tin ctura AloesComposita.

Preparation8.—Tin ctura Aloes Composita Tin cturaMyrrhee.

NUX VOMICA

NU X VOMICA

The seeds of Strychnos N um—vom ica . I mported from the

East I ndies.

Natural order .—Logan i acece.

Composition—Con tains the highly poisonous alkaloidsstrychnine, C 2 IH 2 2 N 2 0 2 , and I gasurin , and an a lmost inertalka loid, brucine, in combination

'with igasuric acid.

2 04 VETERINARY PHARMACOPtE IA

Characters— N early circu lar and flat, about an in ch indiameter , umbilicated and slightly convex on one side ;

externally of an ash -grey colour , thick ly covered with shortsatiny hairs ; in terna lly translucen t, tough, and horny ;

taste intensely bitter inodorous.

ActionsandUses— I n excessive doses, highly poisonousin medicin al doses

,it is given as a n ervous stimulan t in

genera l pa ralysis, paraplegia , and amaurosis a lso as a

ton ic in chorea and affections of the a limen tary canal, ag.

dyspepsia , dysen tery, colic arising from lead poisoni ng, &c.

DOSCS.—HORSE, 30 to 60 grains— CATTLE , 60 to 12 0

grains— SHEEP, 5 to 15 grains—PI G, 5 to 15 gra ins.

D OG, to 3 gra ins.

1

Modes of Application .—The powdered seed made into a

bolus or pill Extractum N ucis Vom icae, or Tin ctura N ucisVomicae.

Antidotes.—Decoctum Tabaci.

Preparations.—Strychn ia Tin ctura N ucis Vomicae.

OLEUM ANISI

OIL OF AN ISE

Composition —A m ixture of two distinct'

volatile Oils,on e Of which solidifies at temperatures below 50° F .

,and is

n amed anethol or an ise camphor , C I OH 12 0 , while the otherremains fluid at a ll tempera tures. The constitution of the

latter Oil is not known ,but it is believed to be isomeric

with Oil of turpen tine.

As the powdered drug varies very much in alk aloidal strengthit should be avoided in dog p ractice, and Liquor Strychninae Hydrochloratis used in its place - ED .


OLEUM CAMPHORATUM

CAMPHORATED OI L

Take of

Camphor

Olive OilDissolve the camphor in the oil .

Uses.—D iscutien t and anodyne for tumours, bru ises, and

chron ic sprains.

OLEUM CANTHARIDI S

OI L OF CAN THARI DESTak e of

Can tharides, in powder 1oun ce.

Olive Oil 8 fluid oun ces.

D igest over a water-bath for two or three hou rs,and

filter for use.

U se—To main tain the action of blisters.

OLEUM CARYOPHYLLI

OI L OF GLOVES

The Oil of the clove (Eugen ia car/ryophylla ta) distilled inBritain .

Characters.—Colourless or pale yellow when fresh , be

comes reddish brown on keeping. Aromatic odour and

pungen t taste.

Uses l— I ntefrn a l —Carminative, an tispasmodic, stoma

chic, and corrective. Frequen tly given with purgativesto preven t griping. External — U sed to arrest the painand check the flow of synovia in open join ts and as a dress

ing for wounds.

Doses—HORSE , 2 0 to 30 m in ims.—DOG, 1to 4 min ims.

Used in the preparation of the 10 to 2 0 per cent. solution of

Cocaine, for local anaesthesia.


OLEUM CROTONI S

CROTON OI L

Composition.—Prin cipally stearin , palmitin , and two

compounds a llied to olein ; myristic, lauric, croton ic, and

angelic a cids have also been Obtained from it. I ts irritan teffects upon the sk in are attribu ted to a body calledcrotonal, 0 911140 2 ; but the exact nature of its purgativeprinciple is still unknown .

Mode of Preparation—By pressure from the kernels ofthe seeds of Croton Tiglium , belongin g to the natural orderEuphorbia ceae.

Characters.— Fixed, viscid ; colour brown ish -

yellow ;taste acrid odour fa in tly nauseous. The oil expressed inEngland is soluble in an equal volume of rectified spirit ofwine. I ndian croton oil , agita ted with cold rectified spirit,forms a m ilky- look ing emu lsion , which becomes trans

paren t ou the appli cation Of heat, but whi ch, on coolingand standing, a llows the Oil to separate and subside.

Croton Oil is readily dissolved by sulphuric ether and by

the fixed and vola ti le oils.

Actions and U ses—I n ter n ally —I n excessive doses,irritan t poison in medicina l doses, drastic purgative.

Given in obstinate constipation ; in torpidity of the bowelsdependen t on a disordered sta te of the nervous system,

as in

tetanus and parturien t apoplexy to produce Copious fluidevacuations and excite extensive coun ter -irritation in passive dropsies and in local in flammation in parts remote fromthe a limen tary can a l in anasarcous swellingsand efi‘usionsinto cavities, when purgatives are admissible and in airee

tions of the kidneys when it is desirable to avoid irritatingthem Also va luable for the horse in cases in which

2 08 VETERINARY PHARMACOPcEI A

neither a bolus nor a draught can be given , as when thean imal isunmanageable or unable to swallow. Extern a llyVesican t and coun ter -irritan t. Applied to a ll animals,but especially to cattle, in bron chitis, pleurisy, pneumon ia ,chronic rheumatism,

and glandular and other indolen tswellings.

Doses—HORSE, 10 to 2 0 minims.—CATTLE

,30 to 60

min ims.—SHEEP, 2 to 5 min ims.—PI G, 2 to 5 min ims.

DOG, 5to 3 m in ims, usua lly given with other purgatives.

Modes of Appli cation — I n tern a lly Mixed with lin

seed meal so as to form a bolus, dissolved in olive or linseedoil or put into the an imal’s m ash or food. The oil may be

p la ced upon the tongue of horses tha t refuse their provender , or tha t are vicious or in capable of swa llowing. To

remove constipa tion in cattle, the Oil is frequen tly given inconjun ction with sulphate of magnesia or calomel. Exter

na lly—One part of croton oil m ixed with from fou r to

eight parts Of soap linimen t, or Lin imentum Terebin thinaeet Olei Croton is, or in Oil or gruel.

Antidotes. —Where available, an emetic of su lphate of

COpper , demulcent drinks, and Opium to check the purgation .

Preparation—Linimen tum Terebin thinae Compositum.

OLEUM EUCALYPTI

EU CALYPTUS OI L

Composition—A volatile oil con taining Eucalyptol,Terpene, and Cymol.

Actions and Uses.—A good disin fectant applied to theskin it is an irritant. The vapour of the oil is usefu l in thetreatmen t of influenza and bron chitis.


addition of croton Oil. Gi'ven in cases Of in testina l irrita

bility arising from natural causes or from the action of

poison in colic and diarrhoea , where saline and other vege

table cathartics have proved in active, or where theirrepetition is inexpedien t togive relief in cases of chokinga lso injected in to the bladder or rectum to a llay irritation .

Extern a lly— I n sk in a ffections, as an emolli en t to hard

and dry surfaces,and as a soothing application in cases

Of cutaneous and other superficial irri tabil ity. Likewiseoften used in the preparation Of linimen ts instead of the

non -siccative, and consequen tly preferable, olive Oil.

DOSCS.— HORSE , 1to 2 pin ts— CATTLE, 1 to 2 pints.

SHEEP, 3 to 6 flu id oun ces—PI G, 3 to 6 fluid ounces.

DOG, 1to 3 fluid ounces.

OLEUM MENTHJE PIPERITZE

OI L OF PEPPERMI N T.

Composition .—The Oil contains two bodi es

,the fluid

Menthene, C I oH I s, and the solid crysta lline Men thol,0 10112 00 .

Characters and Tests.— A colourless or pale yellow Oil,which has a warm aroma tic taste.

Actions and Uses—Antiseptic, carm inative, and parasiticide. U sed to preven t the griping effects of purgativesand to flavour medicines.

DOSCS.— HORSES and CATTLE, 2 0 to 30 min ims.— DOGS,

3 to 5min ims.

The solid men thol is used in the form of a pencil torelieve neuralgic and other pains.

VETERINARY PHARMACOP<E IA 2 11

OLEUM MORRHUJE

COD -LI VER OI L

Synonym.—Oleum JecorisAselli .

Composition .— Chiefly consists of Olein , palmitin , and

stearin , with sma ll quan tities Of free butyric and aceticacids, biliary constituen ts, gadu ine, trimethylamine and

other pecu liar substan ces,iodine

,bromine, sulphur , phos

phorus, and abou t one per cen t. ofm inera l salts.

Mode of Preparation —Although directed by the

British Pharma copoeia tobe Obtained from the cod Gadu s

Morrhu a,it is a lso procu red from other a llied species, e.g.

ling, Gadu s lota ; the dorse, Gadu s ca llar fias the torsk ,

Gadu sBrosm e,&c.

,belonging to the natura l order Acip enser .

The livers a re exposed to the sun and allowed to pu trefythe Oil runs from them ,

and is collected in vessels placed forits reception . I mported pr in cipally from N ewfoundlandand the north of England.

Characters— Fixed, viscid, yellow colour , fain t odour,

and oleaginous taste.

Actions and Uses—N utritive and a ltera tive in debilityaccompan ied with emacia tion ,

chron ic rheumatism ,scrofu la ,

phthisis pu lmonalis, and other diseases affecting the respi

ratory organs, chronic skin afl'

ections, and distemper in dogs.

DOSCS.— HORSE , 8 fluid oun ces—CATTLE, 8 fluid oun ces.

—SH EEP, 2 to 4 fluid oun ces—PI G, 2 to 4 flu id oun cesn

DOG, i to 1fluid oun ce.

Twice a day for some considerable period, and graduallyin creased to double the dose originally given .

Modes of Application .—Admin istered a lone or in m ilk

or gruel, flavoured (if n ecessary) with an aromatic . I n dog

practice it may be given in capsules, or in biscuits.


OLEUM OLIVE

OLIVE OI L

Composition .— Chiefly Olein and palmitin .

Mode of Preparation — I n the south of Europe by

p ressing the fleshy portion or pericarp of the ripe fruit ofthe Olive, Olea eu rop aea , belongin g to the natura l order

Oleacece, in a mill.

Characters. —Fixed, pale-

yellow colour ; scarcely any

odour and a bland oleaginous taste. I t partially congealsa t about 36°F .

Actions and Uses. 1Doses.

Same as Oleum Li n i .

OLEUM PALME

PALM OI L

Synonym—Palm Butter .

Composition —Tripalmitin , with a

small quan tity of Olein ,

Mode of Preparation .—The k ernels of the frui t of

certain kinds of pa lm (Cocos bu tyracea or Armlr a Elais, or

both) are crushed and heated with wa ter . The oil rises tothe surface in the liqu id condi tion , and is removed.

Characters—I a this coun try it usually has the con

sistency of butter. The fresh Oil melts at about 76 F.

Colour usually yellow, which can be removed by bleach

Linseed oil, rape 011 and whale oil are frequently used as sub

stitutes for olive oil in veterinary pharmacy.

2 14,

VETERINARY PHARMACOPcEIA

OLEUM TEREBINTHINJE

OI L OF TURPENTINE

Synonyms.—Spirits of Turpen tine, Terebene.

Composition—CmHm.

Mode of Preparation—The outer bark near the root isremoved from Finnsp a lu str c

'

s,Pin u s teeda , Finnsp in aster ,

as well as from other vari eties Of pines. I n cisions are thenmade through the inner bark in to the wood, from which a.

mixture of volatile oil and resin (crude and common tur

pen tine) fl ows into pits dug in the earth, when ce it is

transferred to cask8. Bydistillation , with or without water ,the volatile oil (oil or spirit of turpen tine) is separatedfrom the resin .

Characters—Volatile, limpid, colourless strong pecu liarOdour ; pungen t and bitter taste. I mported from Fran ceand America .

Actions and Uses.—I n tern a lly — I n excessive doses,

irri tan t poison in medicinal doses astringen t, stimu lan t,

cathartic, and diaphoretic . Chiefly employed as a diuret ic,an tispasmodic, and anthelmin tic. Extern a lly z—Vesican t

,

coun ter irritant, stimulan t, and digestive. Prin cipallyapplied to cattle, in conjun ction with mustard or ammon ia ,in the treatmen t of inflammation of the bowels or lungs,and in chron ic rheumatism .

Doses— D iu retic —HORSE, 4 to 8 flu id dra chms.~

CATTLE , 4 to 8 fluid dra chms.— SH EEP, 10 to 15min ims.

PI G, 10 to 15m in ims.

An tispasmoclic —HORSE, 1to 2 fluid oun ces—CATTLE,

l to 2 flu id ounces—SHEEP, 2 0 to 60min ims.—PI G, 2 0 to60 min ims.


An thelm in tc'

c —~ HORSE ,1 2 to 3 fluid oun ces—CATTLE,

l

2 to 3 fluid oun ces.—S15I EEP, l 2 to 4 fluid dra chms—PI G

,

l

2 to 4 fluid dra chms— DOG},

l 1to 1% drachm .

Modes of Application h l n terna lly z— D issolved in lin

seed, olive, or other fixed oil beaten in to an emulsionwith yolk of egg (one yolk to every two drachms of oil of

turpen tin e) or Enema Terebinthinae. Externa lly—As a

rubefacien t or digestive,the Oil alone Lin imentum Tere

binthin ae ; Lin imen tum Terebin thinae Compositum . As a

coun terirri tan t for ca ttle, Cataplasma Terebin thinae Compositum for the dog, Cataplasma Terebin thinae.

Preparations— Cataplasma Terebin thinae Cataplasma

Terebin thinee Compositum Enema Terebinthinae Lin imentum Terebin thinae ; Lin imen tum Terebin thinae Compo

situm .

Composition of 0pium.—Opium con ta ins about 2 5 per

cen t. of a gummy substan ce, 2 0 per cen t. of ill-defined

organi c matters,a little caoutchou c

,resin , oil, and wa ter ,

and var iable proportion s of a large number of alkaloids, Ofwhich morphine, narcotine, and N arceine are the mostabundan t. Subjoined is a list Of the opium alka loids

Hydrocota rn in e, C12 H | 5N O3 Papaverine, CmHmNO4Morphine, C ,7H ,9NO3 Mecon idine, 0 2 1H 2 3N O4

Oxymorphine, C 17H 19NO, Laudanosine, 0 2 1H 2 7NO4

Codeine, C ,8H 2 1N O3 Cryptopine, 0 2 1H 2 3N 0 5

Thebaine, C19H 2 1N O3 N arcotine, C z 2 H 2 3N 0 7

Codamine Lan thopine, C, 3H 2 5N O4

Laudan ine 2 °H 2 5NO4 N arceine, 0 2 3H 2 9N 0 9

Protopine, 0 3 01119NO5

Combinedwith a small dose of castor oil , linseed Oil , or solutionof aloes.


These alkaloids are presen t pr in cipally as meconatesand sulphates.

Mode of Preparation — I n cisions, by mean s Of an in

strumen t consisting of fou r or five hear t-shaped blades tiedtogether with thread, are made in the un ripe capsu les of

the poppy Pap aver somn'iferum , belonging to the natura l

order Pap aver aceoe. A white milky juice exudes from the

in cisions in drops, and is a llowed to rema in on the poppy

head for twen ty-four hours in order that it may thicken .

The inspissated exuda tion is then scraped off, and the

differen t collections stirred together . The opium is fin a llydried without the a id of artificial heat, usually by exposure

to the sun,and made in to cakes or masses

, which are in

most pla ces wrapped in poppy leaves to preven t theiradher ing to one another . Chiefly imported from Tu rk ey,

Egypt, and I ndia .

Characters— I rregular lumps, weighing from fou r oun cesto two pounds enveloped in the remain s of poppy leaves,and genera lly covered with the chafi

'

y fru its Of a species of

Rumex when fresh , plastic, tearing with an irregu lar ,slightlymoist, chestnu t-brown su rface

,sh in ing when rubbed

smooth with the finger pecu liar odour and bitter taste.


narcotic poison in medicinal doses,stimulan t

,seda tive

,

narcotic, anodyne, and an tispasmodic. Given in gastritis,diarrhoea , dysentery, en ter itis, colic, periton itis, pleur isy,bron chitis, pn eumon ia, tetanus, rheumatism, and very many

other maladies. Extern a lly—Anodyne to wounds and,

blistered and cau terised surfaces in cases Of superficia linflammation of the eye, skin , or joints and in the treatmen t Of haemorrhoids.

Doses— HORSE , 1 to 2 dract .— CATTLE

,2 to 4

drachms.- SHEEP, 10 to 40 grains—PI G, 10 to 40 grains.

— DOG, to 3 gra ins.

2 18 VETERINARY PHARMACOP<EIA

the minerals known as fossil wax, ozocerite, &c. I t existsalso in the sta te of solu tion in many petroleum springs, andmay be separated by disti lling the more volatile portionand exposing the remainder to a low temperature.

Characters and Tests—A colourless, crystallin e, fattysubstance. Melting at about 113 °F . Soluble in ether inall proportions. When melted shou ld dissolve en tirelyfixed and volatile oils. Sulphuric a cid chlori ne, and nitricacid, below the temperature of 2 12 °F .,

have no actionupon it.

Actions andUses—Employed extern a lly. Occasionallyused in the manufacture of oin tments.

PHENACETINE

PARA-ACETPH EN I TI DI N

Composition —A coa l-tar product, analogous in com

position to acetan ilid.

Characters and Tests—A white crystalline powder , ofslightly bitter taste, without Odour soluble in alcohol andglycerin , and sparingly soluble in water.

Actions and Uses—A nervous sedative and antipyretic,useful in influen za

,rheumatism ,

and pneumonia . D issolvedin glycerine andwa ter it has been found useful in distemper .

Doses—DOGS, 2 to 8 grains.

PHYSOSTI GMATI S SEMEN

CALABAR BEAN

The seed of the Physostigma venen osum.

Natural order .—Legum in oscae.

Composition—I t con ta ins the alkaloid physostigmine,

VETERINARY PHARMACOPcE IA 2 19

a lso known as eser ine, it also con tains cala

brin e.

Actions and Uses.—Calabar bean stimu lates volun tary

and involun tarymuscu la r fibres and paralysesnerve cen tres.

I t is very poisonous, causing tetan ic convu lsions. I t con

tra cts the pupil of the eye. Pr in cipa lly employed in

veterinary medicin e in the treatmen t of obstinate constipation . A solution of the alk a loid physostigmine is usuallyemployed hypodermically for this purpose.

Doses- of the bean — HORSES and CATTLE, 15 to 30

gra ins.—DOGS

, if to 5a grain .

Preparations — Extractum Physostigmatis, Physostig

mine or Eserine.

l

PILULA HYDRARGYRI ET FERRI

PI LL OF MERCU RY AND I RON

Synonyms.—Mercuria l Pill with I ron ; Ferruginate

Blue Pill.Preparation — Take of

Mercury, pure 2 parts.

Hydra ted Peroxide of I ron 1part.Con fection of Roses 3 parts.

Rub together un til the globu les of mercury are no longervisible.

Use.—A ltera tive for the horse.

2

Dose. to 1drachm .

PIMENTA

PIMENTO

Synonym— A llspice.

The dried un r ipe berries Of the allspice, Eugen iaPimen ta . I mported from the West I ndies.

For actions and uses 850 . see Addenda .

2 I f there be any apprehension of th is preparation excitingca tharsis, it should be combined with op ium .

2 2 0 VETERINARY PI IARMACOPcEIA

Natural order .—Myr taceae.

Composition — Therapeu tic value dependen t on the presence Of a volatile Oil.

Characters— Oi the size of a small pea , rough ,crowned

with the teeth of the calyx ; con tain s two dark -brownseeds '

externa lly brown ,in tern a lly yellowish odour and

taste hot, aromatic, and peculia r .

Actions and Uses— Aroma tic,carminative

,stomachic ,

and an tispasmodic. Given in indigestion,relaxed stomach

,

flatu lency, and in colic. Employed a lso to disguise the

flavour of nauseous medicines.

Doses—HORSE,2 to 4 dract .

—CATTLE,2 to 6

drachms.—SH EEP

,to 1 drachm .

—PI G, g to 1 dra chm .

DOG,10 to 30 gra ins.

Modes of Application .-I n the form of powder , bolus,

or Tin ctura Pimen tee.

Preparation — Tin ctura Pimen tae.

PIPER NI GRUM

BLACK PEPPER

Natural 0rder .— Pip eraceae.

Composition — I ts medicinal properties are due chieflyto a volatile Oil

,and an a lkaloid piperine.

Mode of Preparation —The berr ies of Pip er n igrum ,

before they have a ll changed to red, are collected, dried,and ground to powder .

Characters— Small roundish wrink led bodies ; tegumen t brown ish bla ck, contain ing a greyish -

yellow globularseed (white pepper).

2 2 2 VETERINARY PHARMAcorcE IA

PIX LIQUIDA

TAR

Synonym— Wood Tar .

Composition.—Hydrocarbons, methylic alcohol, carbolic

acid, acetic acid, cresyli c acid , resinous bodies, pitch, and

many other substan ces.

Mode of Preparation — By submitting to destructive'

distillation the wood of Pinus sylvestr is and other pines.

Characters—Thick , viscid, brown ish -bla ck liqu id, of a

well -known pecu liar aromatic odour . Water agitatedwith it acquires a pale-brown colour , sharp empyreumatictaste

,and a cid reaction .

Actions and Uses—Externa lly — As an excitan t, rubefacien t, an tiseptic, and deodoriser in the trea tmen t of

thrush in the horse, and of broken horns and pun cturedwounds of the belly and chest of cattle foot-rot in sheep

and in mange, eczema,impetigo, and other sk in affections.

Modes of Application — I n thrush and foot- rot, tar

a lone is applied-

to the diseased parts ; for broken hornsand punctured wounds, the tar shou ld be spread overcoarse cloth ; for sk in affections, Lin imen tum Olei P icisLiquidee Compositum or Lin imen tum PicisLiqu idae is usedand as a common foot oin tmen t for all domesticatedan imals, U nguen tum Picis Liqu idae is employed.

Preparations—Lin imentum Olei Picis Liquidae Com

positum Linimentum Picis Liquidae U nguen tum PicisLiquidae.

A Stopp ingfor Feet is made by mixing togetherTar 2 parts.

Soft Soap 1part.

Linseed Meal a sufliciency to Impart

tenacity to the mixture.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEI A 2 2 3

PIX NIGRA

PITCH

Synonym.—Black Pitch .

The bla ck, resinoid, and highly carbonaceous residuewhich is left when the volatile constituen ts of tar are

removed by distillation .

Uses—Mild stimulan t in thrush , canker, and sand-cra ckin horses, and foot- rot in sheep. Also used to impartconsisten cy and adhesiveness to plasters and charges.

’

PLUMBI ACETAS

ACETATE or LEAD

Synonyms.—Lead Aceta te Sugar of Lead.

Composition—Pb


Oi’

cide of Lead (Lithargeft 2 4 oun ces.

i n fine powderA cetic Acid 2 pin ts, or a su fficiency.

D istilledWater 1pin t.

Mix the acetic acid and the water, add the oxide of lead ,and dissolve with the aid of a gen tle heat. Filter , evaporate till a pellicle forms, and set aside to crystallise, firstadding a little acetic acid should the flu id not have a dis

tinctly acid reaction . D rain ,and dry the crystals on filter

ing paper without heat.

Lead A

A

ce

i

tic Lead Acetate

Monoxide. (Acetate of Lead) Water.

2 2 4 VETERINARY. PHARMACOPGEIA

I n the act of crystallising the salt un ites with threemolecules of water .

CharactersandTests—White crystallinemasses, slightlyeffiorescent acetous odour , and sweet astringen t taste. I t

dissolves in distilled water , and forms a clear solution , or

one which has on ly a slight milk iness, which disappears onthe addition of a cetic acid. I ts solution in water slightlyreddens litmus

,gives a yellow precipitate (lead iodide)

with potassium iodide,and a white precipitate (lead sul

phate) with dilute sulphuric acid,acetic a cid being set free

and recogn isable by its odour the precipitates by potassiumiodide and su lphur ic acid indicate the presen ce of lead

, and

the elim ination of acetic acid shows that the salt is an

acetate. A ir blown from the lungs through its aqueoussolution shou ld not occasion any turbidity, showing its

freedom from suba cetate.

Actions and Uses— Sedative and astringen t . Seldomemployed in veter inary practice it is

, however , occasionallyadm in istered in from 1 to 2 dra chm doses to the horse in

diarrhoea and diabetes insipidus. Prin cipa lly used in the

production of Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis.

Preparations.

1—Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis.

PLUMBI OXI DUMOXI DE OF LEAD

Synonyms— Lead Monoxide ; Protoxide of Lead

Litharge.

Composition .— Ph0 .

Mode of Preparation —Metallic lead is oxidised by

being heated in a curren t of a ir .

Oxygen Lead

Lead. (from Air) Mon oxide.

2 Pb 0 2 2 Pb01 Plumbi acetas and zimei sulphas, dissolved in water, form the

well known wh ite lotion .

’

2 2 6 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCE IA

Modes of Application —U n ited with calomel, or potassium n itrate

, or magnesium su lphate. For dogs it may be

admin istered with calomel, grey powder, or ipecacuanha .

PODOPHYLLI RESINA

RESIN OF PODOPHYLLUMTake ofPodophyllum Root, in coarse powder 1pound.

Rectified Spirit {3 Pm“:

°r 3“

sufficien cy.

D istilledWater a sufficiency.

Hydrochlori c A cid a sufficiency.

Exhaust the podophyllum by percolation with the spiritdistil over the spirit slowly pour the liquid remain ing afterthe distillation of the tincture in to three times its volume of

water , acidu lated with one twen ty- fourth part of itsweightof hydrochloric acid, con stan tly stirring let it stand twen tyfour hours collect the resin which fa lls

,wash on a filter

with distilled water , and dry in a stove.

Characters and Tests—A pale, green ish-brown , amorphons powder , soluble in rectified spirit and in ammon ia }

precipitated from the former solu tion by water , from the

latter by acids. Almost en tirely soluble in pure ether.

POTASSA CAUSTICA

CAU STI C POTASH

Synonyms. —Potassze H ydras Potassa Fusa Potas

sium Hydrate Hydrate of Potash .

Composition.—KOH .


Solution of Potash 2 pin ts.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA 2 2 7

Boil down the solution of potash rapidly in a silver or

clean iron vessel until there remains a fluid of oily con

sistence, a drop of which, when removed on a warm glassrod, solidifies on cooling. Pour this in to proper moulds

,

and when it has solidified,and while it is still warm , put

it in to a stoppered bottle.

Characters and Tests.—Hard white pen cils, very deli

quescent , powerfully alkaline, and corrosive. A waterysolu tion a cidulated by hydrochloric acid gives a yellow

precipita te (potas'

sium -

platin ic chloride) with platin icchloride, indicating the presen ce of potassium . I t shoulddissolve in dilu ted n itric a cid without effervescen ce,showing the absen ce of carbonate, and give but scan tywhi te precipitates with barium chloride and silver ni tra te,showin g the presence of traces only of sulpha te and

chloride respectively.

Actions and Uses.—Principally applied as an escharoticto wounds produced by the bites of rabid an imals

,a lso

for stimu lating unhealthy u lcers and inducing suppura

tion . I n consequence of the highly deliquescen t na tureof this prepara tion, it has an objectionable tenden cy to

spread beyond the part upon which it is requ ired to act .

The use of Soda Caustica is not open to this objection,

and, as its escharotic effects rival those of PotassaCaustica , it may be advan tageously substituted for the

latter agent.

POTASSA SULPHURATA

SU LPHU RATED POTASH

Synonyms.—Potassii Sulphuratum Hepar Su lphurisSulphide of Potassium Liver of Sulphur.

Composition.—A mixture of several sulphides, sulphates,

and other compounds of potassium.

2 2 8 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA


Carbonate of Potash 10 ounces.

Sublimed Sulphur 5ounces.

Mix the carbonate of potash and the sulphur in a warmmortar , and having in trodu ced them in to a Cornish or

Hessian crucible, let them be heated, first gradually, un tileffervescen ce has ceased, and fin a lly to dull redness, so as

to produce perfect fusion . Let the liquid conten ts of thecrucible be then poured out on a clean flagstone

,and

covered quickly with an inverted porcelain basin , so as to

exclude the air as completely as possible while solidificationis takin g pla ce. The solid produ ct thus obtained should,

when cold, be broken in to fragmen ts,and immedia tely

en closed in a green glass bottle furnished with an a ir—tightstopper .

Characters and Tests. Solid green ish fragments,

liver -brown when recen tly brok en , alkaline and acrid tothe taste, readily forms with wa ter a yellow solutionwhi ch has the odour of sulphuretted hydrogen, and e

'

volvesit freely when excess of hydrochloric acid is dropped in toit,sulphur being at the same time deposited. The a cid

fluid, when boiled and filtered, is precipitated yellow

(potassium-

pla tinic chloride) by platini c chloride, showingthe presence of potassium, and white by barium chloride,di cating the presence of sulphate. About three-fourths

of its weight is dissolved by rectified spirit.

Actions and Uses. —I n tern a lly —I n excessive doses,

irr itan t poison in doses of from half to one drachm to the

horse it a cts as a stimulan t and diaphoretic. Very seldomemployed as an in ternal remedy in this coun try. Exter

n a lly— I n chronic skin diseases, especially those of a scaly

character .

Modes of Application—Exter nally —Liquor PotassasSulphurates or U nguen tum Potassse Sulphurates.

2 30 VETERI NARY PHARMACOP(EIA

whole of the air of the apparatus, fix the cork tightly inthe neck of the bottle, and let the process go on for a

week . At the end of this time numerous crystals of

bicarbonate of potash will have formed, which are to be

removed, shak en with twice their bulk of cold distilledwater , and, after decan tation of the water , drained, and

dr ied on filtering-

paper by exposure to the air . The

mother - liquor,filtered if n ecessary, and con centrated to

one-half, at a temperature not exceeding 110°F .,will yield

more crysta ls. The tube immersed in the solution of

carbonate of potash , which should have as large a diameteras possible, may requ ire the occasion a l removal of the

crysta ls formed within it, in order that the process may

not be in terrupted.

Potassium Carbon ic

Carbonate. Water . Anhydride .

moo, 112 0 co2

Characters and Tests.— Colourlessr ight rhombic prisms,not deliquescen t saline, feebly alkaline, taste not corrosive. The addition of diluted hydrochloric acid causesstrong efl

‘

ervescence (escape of carbon ic anhydr ide), and

forms a solu tion which gives a yellow precipitate (potassium -

platin ic chloride). An aqueous solution gives no

p recipitate with magnesium sulphate, owing to the forma

tion of soluble magnesium -hydrogen carbonate.

Actions and Uses— I n excessive doses, irritan t poisonin medicinal doses, an tacid and diuretic.

Doses—HORSE, 2 to6drachms—CATTLE,2 to6drachms.

SHEEP, 40 grains to 2 drachms—PI G, 40 gra ins to 2drachms—DOG, 10 to 30 grains.

Modes of Application — I n the form of bolusor dissolvedin water .


I ncompatibles.— A cids ; lime-water ; acetate and chlor

ide of ammon ium most meta llic sa lts,but not sulphate

of magnesia .

Antidotes—Highly di luted acetic acid or vinegar , and

lin seed or olive oil.

POTASSJE CARBONAS

CARBONATE or POTASH

Synonym.—Potassium Carbonate.

Composition .— K 2 00 3 , with about 16 per cen t. of

water of crysta llisation .

Mode of Preparation.— I n the U n ited States

, Canada ,

Russia , and on the shores of the Baltic,various k inds of

wood are burned, and their ashes collected and lixiviated.

By lixivia tion variouspotassium compounds carbonate,

su lphate, chloride, phosphate, and silicate— a re dissolved,

while silica and certain salts of ca lcium ,magnesium , iron ,

and a luminum remain insoluble. The soluble portions of

the ash are evapora ted to dryness in iron pots, anddeprivedof their volatile impur ities by being heated in an ovenshaped furnace, whose flame is made to play over the ma ss.

The product thus obta ined is impure carbonate of potash ,and is commercially termed pearlash . I n order to obtainmedicin a l carbona te of potash , pearlash (to dissolve the

carbona te and leave undissolved the other potassium salts)is trea ted with its own weight of distilled water

,and the

solution so formed evaporated to dryness, while it is k eptbrisk ly agitated.

Characters and Tests—White crysta llin e powder , al

kaline and caustic to the taste, very deliquescent, readilysoluble in water , but insoluble in spirit of wine . I t efl

'

er

vesces with dilute hydrochloric acid, showing that it is a

2 3 2 VETERINARY PHARMAcorcEIA

carbonate,and forms a solution which gives a yellow pre

cipitate (potassium -

platin ic chloride) with platin ic chloride . Loses about 16 per cen t . of its weight (water)when exposed to a red heat. I ts aqueous solution gives a

white precipitate (magnesium carbonate) with solution of

magn esium su lphate it is thus distingu ished from PotassasBicarbonas. I f dissolved in water and m ixed with excessof n itric acid

,it should give but a faint precipitate on the

addition of barium chloride and silver n itrate,indica ting

its a lmost perfect freedom from su lphates and chlorides.

Actions and Uses— Same as Potassae Bicarbonas, but

more liable to irr itate the stomach and in testines than thatagen t.

Doses—HORSE, 2 to4drachms— CATTLE,2 to 4drachms.

SHEEP, 30 grains to lgdrachm .—PI G, 30 grains to 17;

c’rachm .

— DOG,5 to 2 0 gra ins.

Modes of Appli cation — I n the form of bolus, or dissolved in water .

I ncompatibles.—Same as with Potassae Bicarbonas.

Antidotes— Same as for Potassae Bicarbonas.

POTASSI I BROMIDUM

BROMIDE or POTASSIUM

Synonym.—Potassium Bromide.

Composition .—KBr .

Mode of Preparation .—Tak e of

Solution of Potash 2 pin ts.

Bromine 4 flu id oun ces.

W ood Charcoal, in fin e powder 2 oun ces.

Boiling Distilled Water l é pin t.

2 34 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCE IA

Doses—HORSE, 2 to 4 dract .-CATTLE , 2 to 5

drachms.—DoGs, 5 to 2 0 grains. Repeated when re

quired.

POTASSE CHLORAS

CHLORATE or POTASH

Synonym.— Potassium Chlorate.

Composition .—KO10 3 .


Carbon ate of Potash 2 0 ounces.

Slaked Lime 53 oun ces.

DistilledWater a sufliciency.

Bla ck Oxide of Manganese 83 ounces.

Hydrochloric Acid 2 4 pin ts.

Mix the lime with the carbonate of potash , and trituratethem with a few ounces of the water , so as to mak e the

m ixture slightly moist. Place the oxide of mangan ese ina large retor t or flask , and, having poured upon it the

hydrochlor ic acid, diluted with six pin ts of water,app ly a

gentle heat, and conduct the chlorin e as it comes over ,first through a bottle con tain ing six oun ces of wa ter , andthen in to a large carboy contain ing the mixture of carbonate of potash and Slaked lime. When the whole of the

chlorine has come over,remove the con ten ts of the carboy,

and boil them for twen ty minutes with seven pin ts of the

water,filter and evaporate till a film forms on the surface

,

and set aside to cool and crysta llise. The crystals thusobtained are to be purified by dissolvin g them in threetimes their weight of boiling distilled water and aga inallowing the solution to crystallise.

Calcium Potassium

Hydrate . Carbonate.

5C& (H0 )2 K2 00 ')

VETERI NARY PHARMAcorcsIA 2 35

CalciumCh lor ide.

50 3 012

The potassium chloride‘ rystallises out, while the calciumchloride remains i n solu tion .

C haracters and Tests.—Colourless rhomboidal crystal

line plates, cool saline taste, soluble in cold water 1 in 12,

boiling water 1in 2 . I ts aqueous solution is not affectedby silver n itrate or ammon ium oxalate. Strongly heated,it fuses, gives of? oxygen gas, and leaves a white residue

(potassium ch loride), which readily dissolves in water , and'

produces a solution which yields a white precipitate (silverchloride) with silver n itrate

,indicating the presence of

chlorine, and a yellow precipitate (potassium-

platini cchloride) with pla tinum chloride, showing the presen ce of

potassium . I t explodes when triturated in a mortar wi thsulphur . l

Actions and Uses—I n tern ally —Mild stimulant, diuretic, and refrigeran t. Given prin cipally in tympanitesand hoven , from its having the power , it is said, of causinga condensation of the gases developed in these complain ts.

Externa lly—Stimulan t and refr igeran t to can cerous and

other ill-conditioned ulcers.

D0888.—HORSE , 1 to 4 drachm8.—CATTLE, 2 to 6

dra chms—SHEEP, 2 0 to 40 grains—PI G, 2 0 to 40 gra ins.

D oc, 5 to 15 gra ins.

ModesofApplication—I n terna lly —Dissolved inwater .

Externa lly—I n the form of Liquor Potassae Chloratis

Compositus.

Preparation— Liquor Potassas Chloratis Compositus.

1 To avoid accidents, the particles used in performing this ex

periment shoul d not be larger than a pin’s head.

VETERINARY PHARMACOPGEIA

POTASSE NITRAS

N I TRATE or POTASH

Synonyms—Potassium N itrate N itre Saltpetre.

Composition .—KN 0 3 .

Mode of Preparation — I n I ndia and other hot climatespu trefying organic matter is n aturally, and in some partsof Europe it is artificially, associated with alkaline and

earthy carbonates, together with other materials whichrender the mass porous. U nder these conditions the am

monia arising from the substan ces undergoing pu trefa ctionis transformed into nitric a cid at the expense of atmospheric oxygen .

Ammon ia. Oxygen . N itric Acid. Water .

NH , 2 0 2 H NO, E 2 0

The n itric acid thus formed is converted in to calciumand potassium n itrates by con tact with calcium and potas

sium carbonates.

N itric CalciumCarbonate.01

1. 2 HN 0 ,

Nitric Potassium

Acid. Carbon ate.

2 . 2 HN 0 3

Soil contain ing n itrates is known as n i tre or sa ltp etre

ear th, and is the source of large quan tities of the n itrate of

potash used in medicine and in the arts. The nitre-earth '

is lixiviated, andthe watery solution obtained is m ixedwithsolution of potassium carbona te, to convert any calciumn itra te into the corresponding potassium salt.

2 38 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCE IA

I ncompatibles.— Su lphuric acid and su lphates.

Preparations— Liquor Potassae N itratis ; Liquor Ammon ii Chloridi et Potassae N itratis.

POTASSE PERMANGANAS

PERMANGANATE OF POTASH

Synonym.— Potassium Permanganate.

Composition—K 2Mn 2 0 8.

Mode of Preparation —Take ofCaustic PotashBlack Oxide of Manganese, in finePowder

Chlorate of Potash 3% oun ces.

D ilu ted Su lphur ic A cid a sufficiency.

D istilledWater 2 i pin ts.

Finely pu lverise the chlorate of potash in a perfectlyclean mortar , and mix itwith the oxide of manganese put

the mixture in to a porcelain basin , and add to it the caustic

potash , previously dissolved in four oun ces of the water .

Evaporate to dryness, stirring diligen tly to preven t spurting. Pulverise the residual mass, put it in to a Hessian or

Corn ish crucible, and expose it to a du ll red heat for an

hour, or til l it has assumed the condition of a semi - fusedgreen mass (potassium manganate). When cool, pulveriseit

,and boi l it with a pin t and a half of the water , for the

purpose of con verting it in to permanganate. Let the

insoluble matter (mangan ese dioxide) subside,decan t the

fluid, boil again with half a pin t of the water , aga in decan t,

The mixture shou ld be efiected by stirringwith a spatula ; ifthe manganese and ch lorate be ground together with a pestle, adangerous exp losion may occur.


n eutralise the un ited liquors accurately with the dilu tedsulphuric a cid, and evaporate till a pellicle forms. Set

aside to cool and crystallise. D ra in the crystalline mass,

boil it in six oun ces of the water,and stra in through a

funnel, the throat of which is slightly obstructed by a littleasbestos. A llow the flu id to cool and crystallise, drain thecrystals, and dry them by placing them under a bell-ja rover a vessel contain ing su lphuric acid.

The chem ical reactions occurring in this process takepla ce in two stages

Manganese Potassium PotassiumD ioxide . Chlorate. Hydrate.

l . 3Mn0 2 KClO3 GKHO

Water .

3112 0

Potassium

Permangan ate

Potassium (Permangan ate

Manganate. W ater . of Potash).2 . 3K2 Mn0 4 2 H 2 O K 2 Mn 2 0 8

PotassiumHydrate .

'

4KHO

The diluted su lphuric a cid is added to neutra lise the

potassium hydra te libera ted in the second reaction .

Characters and Tests— Da rk purple, pr ismatic crystals,with a sweet astringen t taste. Completely dissolved bycold water , forming a r ich purple solution .

Actions and Uses—Applied as an excitan t and deodoriser to can cerous and ill- condi tioned wounds, and in thetreatmen t of certain skin affections. Pr in cipally employedas a deodoriser and disin fectan t.

Modes of Application —To foetid wounds and u lcers inthe form of Liquor Potassae Permanganatis. For ordinary

2 40 VEeERlNARY PHARMACOPCEI A

deodor ising and disin fecting purposes, mix a wineglassfulof Condy

’

s fluid (commercial potassium permanganate) witha pa ilful of water , and well sprink le it , or place it in dishes,a bout the room , stable, dzc. I n the case of an offensivelysmelling dra in the above mixture should be poured

down it .

Preparation — Liquor Potassae Permanganatis.

POTASSjE PRUSSIAS FLAVA

YELLOW PRU SSI ATE OF POTASH

Synonyms— Potassium Ferrocyan ide Ferrocyanide ofPota ssium .

Composition.—K4FeCGN 6.3Aq , or K4FeCy6.3Aq .

Mode of Preparation —Cuttings of horn s, sk ins, hoofs,and dry refuse an imal matter of various kinds are fused at

a red heat in an iron vessel with potassium carbon ate and

scraps of iron . The resu lting mass is treated with hot

water and filtered. On evaporation the filtrate depositsthe ferrocyan ide, which is purified by recrystallisation .

Carbon and n itrogen from the animal matter and potassiumfrom the potassium ca rbonate unite with the iron to formpotassium ferrocyan ide.

Characters and Tests—Yellow crystals derived fromthe octahedron , permanen t in the a ir

, soluble in water , insoluble in a lcohol . The aqueous solution gives a deep blueprecipitate (ferric ferrocyan ide 1

) with a ferric salt 5 a precipitate which is at first white (potassio-ferrous ferrocyanide then light blue, and finally, by exposure to the

Fe70y! , or Fe4Fe30yw. This compound, p lus 18Aq , constitutes

Prussian Blue.

2 K2F e2 0y6.


d'

2 9 ounces, or a

I O mesufficiency.

Wood Charcoal, in fine powder 3 oun ces.

Put the solution of potash in to a glass “

or porcelainvessel, and add the iodine in small quan tities at a time, withconstan t agitation , un til the solu tion a cquires a permanen tbrown tin t. Evaporate the whole to dryness in a porcela indish, pu lverise the residue (a m ixture of potassium iodideand iodate), and mix it in timately with the charcoa l.Throw the mixture, in sma ll quan tities at a time, into a

red-hot iron crucible, and, when the whole has beenbrought to a state of fusion ,

remove the crucible from the

fire and pour out its conten ts.

When the fused mass (impure potassium iodide) hascooled, dissolve it in two p ints of boiling distilled water ,filter through paper , wash the filter with a little boiling

distilled water , un ite the liqu ids, evaporate the whole till afilm forms on the surface, and set it aside to cool andcrystallise. D rain the crystals, and dry them qu ickly witha gentle heat. More crystals may be obtained by evapo

rating the mother-liquor and cooling. The salt shouldbe kept in a stoppered bottle. Two decompositions takeplace in this process

Potassium Potassium PotassiumHydrate. I odine . I odide. I odate. Water

1. 6HKO 312 5KI KI o, 3112 0

Potassium Potassium Potassium CarbonicI odide. I odate. Carbon . I odide. Oxide.

2 . 5KI KI O , os 6KI 300

Characters and Tests.— Colour less, generally Opaque,cubic crystals, readily soluble in wa ter, less so in sp irit ofwine. I t commonly has a feeble a lk aline reaction . I ts

solution mixed with mucilage of starch gives a blue colouron the addition of a m inute quantity of solution of chlorine

VETERINARY PHARMACOPtEIA 2 43

(to set free iodine), thus proving that the salt is an iodide.

I ts aqueous solution m ixed with solution of tartaric acid,or hydrogen -sodium tartrate

,furn ishes a crysta lline preci

pitate (hydrogen -

potassium tartrate), indicating the presenceof potassium.

Silver n itrate gives, with an aqueous solution of the

salt, a yellowi sh -whi te precipi tate (silver iodide), which ,when agitated with ammon ia , yields by subsiden ce a clearliqu id, in which excess of n itric acid should cause no

turbidity, showingthe absen ce of chlorides.

ActionsandUses—I n tern a lly —I n excessivedoses, irritan t poison ; in medicina l doses, alterative, deobstruen t,and diuretic. Given in scrofula, en largemen t of the

lymphatic glands, per iostitis, articular rheumatism , and

dropsy.

l Extern a lly—To promote the absorption ' of

tumours and other abnorma l growths. Also employed asa solven t for iodin e, which it strongly resembles in thera

peutie action .

DOSGS.— HORSE, l to 2 dract .

—CATTLE , l to 3

drachms—SHEEP, 2 0 grains to l dra chm .—PI G , 2 0 grains

to 1drachm.—DOG, 1to 5 gra ins. Repeated two or three

times a day.

Modes of Appl ication — I n terna lly —I n the form of

bolus, or dissolved in water . Extern a lly— U nguen tum

Potassii I odidi Un guentum I odidi Compositum .

I ncompatibles.—Acids, and Spiritus E ther-is N itrosi.

Preparations.

Linimentum I odi Comp . Tin ctura I odi.Liquor I odi et Potassii U nguen tum I odi .

I odidi. U nguen tum I odi Comp.

1Potassium I odide is now largely used in the treatmentactinomycosis and other tumours due to discomyces.

2 44 VETERINARY PEARMACOPcEiA

PULVIS ANTIMONIALI S

ANTIMON I AL POWDER

Synonym.—Factitious James’s Powder.

Take of

Oxide of An timony 1ounce.

Phosphate of Lime 2 oun ces.

Actions and Uses.—Sim i1ar to those of tartarated an timony, but not so likely to cause local irritation . Em

ployed as a febrifuge for the dog.

Doses.— 3 to 10 grains.

PULVIS FERRI SULPHATI S COMPOSI TUS

COMPOUND POWDER OF SU LPHATE OF

I RON

Take of

Sulphate of I ron , in powder 1to I i drachm.

Gen tian , in powder 4 drachms.

l

This mixture forms one dose for the horse, to whichan ima l it is given as a toni c, sprinkled over his food.

PULVIS IPECACUANHJE COMPOSI TUSCOMPOU ND POWDER OF I PEOAOU ANHA

Synonym.—Factitious Dover ’s Powder.

Take of

I pecacuanha , in powder 1oun ce.

Opium , in powder 1oun ce.

Su lphate of Potash, in powder 8 oun ces.

1 I f it be thought desirable, from 30 to 40grains of ground gingermay be added to thispowder.


Mix thoroughly, and pass the powder through a fine

sieve.

Actions and Uses.—Antacid and stomachic in indi

gestion .

Doses—HORSE , 2 to 3 oun ces.—CATTLE, 2 to 4 ounces.

SHEEP, l to 2 dra chms.— PI G, 1 to 2 drachms.

—DOG, 10to 30 grains.

Modesof Application — I n the form of bolus, or mixed

with gruel.

PULVIS ZINGI CARBONATI S COMPOSI TUS

COMPOU ND POWDER OF CARBONATEOF ZI N C

Take ofCarbonate of Zin c, in powderAlum,

in powder

Mix.

Uses.—Excitan t and astringen t when spr inkled overabrasions, ulcerated heels, Open join ts, &c.

PYROXYLIN

GU N COTTON

Synonym.—D in itro-cellulose.

Composition — C ,Mode of Preparation — Tak e ofCotton Wool 1oun ce.

Sulphuric AcidN itric Acid of each, 5flui d ounces.

Mix theacids in a porcelain mortar , immersethe cotton in


the mixture, and stir it for three minutes with a glass rodun til it is thoroughly wetted with the acids. Transfer thecotton to a vessel conta in ing water , stir it well with a glassrod

,decan t the liquid

, pour more water upon the mass,

agi ta te aga in , and repeat the afi'

usion, agitation , anddecan

tatien un til the washings cease to give a precipita te withbarium chloride, indicating that the acids have been com

pletely removed. Drain the product on filtering-paper, anddry it in a water-bath.

Tests—Readily soluble in a m ixture of ether and rectified sp irit should leave no residue when exploded by heat.

Preparations.—Collodium Collodium Flexile.

QUERCUS CORTEX

OAK BARKQ

The dried bark of the small branches and young stemsof Qu ercus p eduncu la ta . Collected in spring from treesgrowin g in Britain .

Natural order .—Cup u l@ferw.

Composition—I tsmedicina l a ctivity depends upon its

con ta in in g from fifteen to twen ty per cen t. of tanni c acidwith a sma ll quan tity of gallic acid.

Characters.—Coveredwith a green ish shin ing epidermiscinnamon -coloured on the surface ; fibrous, br ittle, and

strongly astringen t.

Actions andUse8.—I n te'rna lly —Astringent and ton ic.Employed to arrest diarrhoea , dysen tery, and similar mucousdischarges. Extern a lly z—Astringent, styptic, and excitan t.Occasionally used for stimu la ting unhealthy woun ds and

arresting gangrene also i prolapsus recti and prolapsusuteri.


Doses.-H 0RSE, 2 to 6 drachms.

—CATTLE , 2 to 6

drachms— SHEEP, to 2 dra chms—PI G, i to 2 drachms.

DOG,10 to 30 grains.

Modes of Application — I n ternally z—The powderedbark made in to a bolus, or m ixed with gruel, but preferably in the form of Decoctum Quercus, Extern a lly

The powder , or Decoctum Quercfis.

Preparation.—Decoctum Quercus.

QUI NIAL‘SULPHAS

SU LPHATE or QUIN INE

Synonyms.— Quin ia Sulphate ; Su lphate of Quin ine ;D isu lphate of Quin ine.

Composition

Mode of Preparation — Tak e ofYellow Cinchona Bark , incoarse powderHydrochloric A cidDistilled WaterSolution of Soda

Diluted Sulphuric A cid

Dilute the hydrochlor ic a cidwith ten pints of the water.

Place the cinchona bark in a porcela in basin , and add to itas much of the diluted hydroch loric acid as will render itthoroughly moist. After m a cera tion , with occasiona l stirring, for twen ty- four hours, place the bark in a displacemen tapparatus, and percolate with the diluted hydrochloric a cidun til the solution which drops through is nearly destituteof bitter taste. I n to this liqu id pour the solution of soda,agitate well, let theprecipitate (impure quin ine) completelysubside, decant the supernatant fluid, collect the precipi

1pound.

3 fluid oun ces.

a sufficien cy.

4 pints.

a sufficien cy.


yellowish tint, and undergo no fur ther change of colourwhen gently warmed. Ten grains, with ten minims of

diluted sulphuric acid and ha lf a fluid oun ce of water , forma perfect solution ,

from which ammon ia throws down a

white precipitate (qu in ine). This should redissolve on

agitating the whole of it with ha lf a fluid oun ce of ether,without leaving any crysta lline matter (cin chonine) floatingon the lower of the two strata in to which the agitatedfluid separa tes on rest. Twen ty-five gra ins of the saltshould lose 3 6 grains of wa ter by drying at 2 12

° F.

Actions and Uses— Ton ic and an tiperiodic in intermitten t and other fevers ; in loss of appetite, and weakdigestion depending on debility ; in acute rheumatism,

chorea in dogs,and constitu tiona l or deep

-seated oph

thalmia in horses dur ing con va lescen ce from acute com

plaints also dur ing the exhaustion which follows influen zaand other diseases.

DOSGS.—HORSE, 2 0 to 40 grains.—CATTLE

, 2 0 to 60

grains— SHEEP, 5 to 10 grains—PI G, 5 to 10 grains.DOG, 1to 5 gra ins.

Modes of Application — I n the form of bolus, or mixedwith gruel.

I ncompatibles.—Alka lies and their carbonates ini nsions of vegetable astringen ts precipitate quinia tannateespecia lly in the presen ce of sulphuric a cid.

RESINA

RESI N

Synonym—Yellow Resin .

The residue obtained by ing the turpen tines fromvarious species of Pinu s, wing the heat beforethe .whole bf the volatile oil is

f'

expelled.

VETERINARY PHARMAcor tE IA 2 51

Composition.—A m ixture of abietic (sylvic) a cid, which

is crystallisable, and pin ic acid, which is amorphous.

Characters— Tran slu cen t, yellowish , brittle, pulverisable fracture shin ing ; odour and taste fain tly terebinthinate. When heated it easily fuses, and burns with a

den se yellow flame and much smoke . Soluble in rectifiedspirit insoluble in water .

A ctions and Uses— I n ter n a lly :— D iuretic. Externa lly—Mild excitan t, astringen t, and styptic . Also employedfor impar ting consisten cy and adhesiveness to plasters.

Doses— HORSE , 4 to 6 drachms— CATTLE , 4 to 6

dract .— SH EEP

,1to 2 drachms. PI G, 1to 2 drachms.

DOG, 2 0 to 30 grains.

ModesofApplication — I n tern a llyr—Resin isprin cipallygiven to the horse. I t is adm in istered in the form of bolus,

preferably asMassa Resinac Composita . Extern a lly— The

powder sprink led over wounds. To a rrest haemorrhageafter castra tion a sm all quan tity of the powder is sometimesapplied to the ends of the sperm a tic cord and melted by a

‘

hot iron .

Preparations—Massa ResinaeComposita EmplastrumPicis U nguen tum Resinas.

RHEI RADIX

RHU BARB ROOT

The dried root of Rheum oficin a le and of other nu

determ ined species of Rheum . Grows in Chin a , ChineseTartary, and Thibet. I mported from Shanghai and

Can ton , and brought overland by way of Moscow.

Natural order.—Polygon ac


Composition — The root con tainsa number of prin ciples,including chrysophan ic acid

,erythroretin , phaeoretin , and

aporetin . At presen t it is not k nown whether the physiological efl'

ects of rhubarb are due to one particular con

stituen t or to the combined action of severa l of them .

Characters. Trapezoidal, roundish , cylindrical, or

flattish pieces, frequen tly bored with one hole yellow ex

ternally, in ternally marbled with fine waving greyish and

reddish lines finely gritty under the teeth taste bitter ,fain tly astr ingen t and aromatic odour pecu liar . Shouldbe free from decay and not worm -eaten . Boracic a cid doesnot turn rhubarb brown un less it is adulterated withturmeric.

Actions and Uses— But little used in veter inary medi

cine. Chiefly given as a ton ic to young an imalswith weakdigestions, and to the dog as a cathartic.

Doses— Ton ic — HORSE,1to I soun ce — CATTLE , l to

2 oun ces— SH EEP, 2 to 4 drachms— PI G, 1 to drachm .

DOG, 10 to 30 gra ins. Ca thar tic z—DOG, 2 to 3 dra chms.

Mode of Application — The powdered root made in to a

bolus or mixed with gruel.

Preparations—Pu lvis Rhei Compositus ; Tin cturaEbei .

ROSIE GALLI CI E PETALA

RED ROSE PETALS

The fresh and. dried unexpanded petals of Rosa ga llica .

From plan ts cultivated in Britain .

Natural order .—Rosaceaz.

Characters— Colour fine purplish red,reta ined after

drying taste bitterish, feebly acid,and astr ingen t odour

2 54 VETERINARY PHARMACOH EIA

Composition—C12 E 2 2 0

Characters— Compact crysta llin e coni cal loaves, knownin commerce as lump sugar .

Preparations— Con fectioRosaeGallicas Ferri CarbonasSaccharata .

SANTON I NUM

SANTON I N

A crystalli ne neu tra l prin ciple obta ined from the Ar te

misia mari tima , which is not a seed, but the unexpandedflower-headsof a.species of Ar tem isia imported from Russia.

I t is the only so- ca lled worm -seed which yields san ton in , acrystalline neutra l pr in ciple, in quan tity worth extracting.

Natural Gwen— Comp osi tes.

Composition — C15E1180 3 .

Characters and Tests—I n colourless, flat, rhombicprisms, feebly bitter , sparingly soluble in water. Solubili tyin rectified spirit 1in 50. N ot dissolvedby dilutedminera lacids. Entirely destructible by a red heat with free accessof air.

Actions and Uses— I n tern a lly —Anthelmin tic, usefulboth for tape and thread-worms.

D0868.—HORSE, 2 0 to 40 grains.—DOG, 2 to 10 grains.

SAPO DURUS

HARD SOAP

Composition.—Chiefly sodium oleate

,

l Na H 3 30 2 ,with a large percen tage of wa ter.

Mode of Preparation — Olive oil 1 is boiled with caustic

Although the British Pharmacopoeia directs hard soap to be

made from olive oil, the best ‘curd soap of commerce, which is a


soda (sodium hydrate) glycerin passes into solution,and

sodium oleate (hard soap) floa ts on the surface of the

liqui d. After rema ining qu iescent for a few hours the

soap is sk immed ofl'

, transferred to ‘ frames,’in which it

solidifies on cooling, and finally out by wires into slabs or

bars.

Olive Oil Sodium Sodi um

(Triolein ). Hydrate. Oleate. Glyc0 3H 5(0 18H 3 30 2 )3+ 3N 3 HO 3N aC‘8H 3 30 2 H

30 3H 50 3

Characters.—Greyish white, dry, horny, and pulveris

able when kept in dry warm a ir ; easily mou lded whenheated. Soluble in rectified spirit, producing a. solutionwhich

,when evapora ted on paper , does not leave an oily

stain . I n cinerated, it yields an ash which does not deli

quesce.

ActionsandUsed— I n tern a lly z—Cathartic anddiuretic,but chiefly employed as an an tacid, as an antidote to poison ing by the mineral a cids, and in the preparation of

clysters. Externally—Stimulan t to spra ins a nd con tu

sions also applied to burns and sca lds to dimin ish the

irri tation and pain by excluding a ir. Likewise employedas

.

an excipien t in mak in g up boluses, lin imen ts, and oin tmen ts.

Doses.—H ORsE, 1to 2 0 un ces.—CATTLE, l to 2 oun ces.

SHEEP, 2 to 6 drachms—PI G, 2 to 6 drachms—DOG, 2 0 to60 grains.

Modesof Application.—I n the form of bolus, or beaten

up with water.

I ncompatibles.—Acids, and most metallic salts.

mixture of sodium stearate, palmitate, and oleate, andwhich _is pre

pared from various solid and liquid fats, may be substituted for itin practice.

2 56 VETERINARY PHARMACOPtElA

SAPO MOLLIS

SOFT SOAP

Composition .—Principallypotassiumoleate,

l KC1SH , 30 2 ,

with glycerin ,free potassium hydrate, and a large percen t

age of water.

Mode of Preparation—By boiling together olive oil 1andcaustic potash (potassium hydrate) un til the soap producedassumes the appearance of a transparen t jelly, and un til adrop of it, when allowed to fa ll on a glass plate, remainsclear , and does not exhibit a fa tty border on cooling.

Olive Oil Potassium Potassium

(Triolein). Hydrate. Oleate. Glycerin .

C3H 5(0 18H 3 30 2 )3 4” 3KHO=3K0 18H 380 2 H 30 3H 50 3

Use.—I n the preparation of Linimentum Saponis Com

positum .

Preparation.—Linimentum Saponis Compositum.

SCILLA

SQU I LL

The sliced and dried bulb of Urginea Scilla.

Natural 0rder.— Liliacece.

Composition—I t con tain s scillipicrin , scillitosin and

scillin . The active principle scillitosin is soluble in water,acetic a cid, and alcohols.

Olive oil is directed by the British Pharmacopoeia ’to be em

ployed in the preparation of soft soap ; but the commercial article,wh ich is the m aterial used by the veterinary surgeon, ismade fromtallow, also from whale, linseed, and other oils.

2 58 VETERINARY PHARMAOOPcEIA

Potassium Allyl Potassium

Myronate. Sulphocyan ide. Glucose. Sulph ate.

0 3H 50N SKH SO ,

Actions and Uses—Vesican t and coun terirritan t, in the

form of pou ltice.

Preparations—Cataplasma Sinapis Cataplasma Si n apis

Ammon iatum .

SODA CAUSTICA

CAU STI O SODA

Synonyms—Sodium Hydra te ; Hydra te of Sodium ;

H ydrate of Soda .

Composition.—N aOH .


Solution of Soda 2 pints.

Boil down the solution of soda rapidly in a silver or

clean iron vessel un til there remains a fluid of Oily consisten cy, a drop of which, when removed on a warmed glassrod, solidifies on cooling. Pour the fluid on a clean silveror iron plate, or into moulds, and as soon as it has solidified break it into p ieces, and preserve it in stoppered greenglass bottles.

Characters and Tests—Hard and greyish white, veryalk aline and corrosive. D oes not deliquesce on exposu re

to the a tmosphere. I t impar ts a yellow colour to flameindicating the presen ce of sodium

,and its solution in

water , acidulated by n itric a cid, should give on ly s‘ canty

white precipitates with argen tum n itra te and ba riumchloride, showing the presence of traces only of chlor idesand sulphates respectively.

VETERINARI PHARMAOOP<E IA 2 59

Actions and Uses—Extern a lly —As a caustic. I t is

equa l in activity to Potassa Caustica , but preferable to thisagen t, as i t does not deliquesce and spread.

SODE ACETAS

ACETATE OF SODA

Synonym—Sodium Acetate.

Composition.—N aC 2 H 30 2 .3A q .

Mode of Preparation — By dissolving sodium carbona tein a ce tic ac id and evaporating the solution , so tha t thesodium a ceta te produced may crystallise out. The crysta lsa re drained, and subsequen tly dried by exposure to air on a

porous brick.

Sodium Acetic Sodium Carbon icC arbonate. Acid. Acetate. Anhydride.N a ,co, 2 HO,H,O, 2 N a.0 ,H ,O2 co2

Water .

E 2 0

The salt, in assuming the crystalline state, acquiresthree molecu les of water.

Characters and Tests—Transparent colourless crysta ls,soluble in water , forming a solution neu tra l to test-paper .

The sa lt, or its solution in wa ter, warmed with dilutesu lphuric acid, emits the odour of vinegar . The aqueoussolution , when dilute, is not precipitated by barium

chloride or silver n itra te, showing its freedom from sul

phates and ch lorides.

Use—I n the preparation of acetic acid.

'


SODE BI CARBONAS

BI CARBONATE OF SODA

Synonym.—Sodium -Hydrogen Carbonate.

Composition.—N aHCO, .

Mode of Preparation — Carbon ic anhydrideI is passed

in to a vessel conta ining a m ixture of two parts of crystallised and three parts of dr ied sodium carbonate un t il the

gas is no longer absorbed. The damp salt which is formedis shaken occasionally during half an hour with ha lf itsWeight of cold distilled wa ter , for the purpose of dissolv

ing an una ltered carbona te, and the remain ing insolublebicarbon ate is dried by exposure to air on filtering

-

paper

placed on porous bricks. The object of using the crysta llised ca rbonate is that it may conven ien tly furn ish the

necessary amount of water for the success of the process.

Sodium Carbon ic Sodium -HydrogenC arbonate. Anhydride. W ater. Carbon ate.

N 3 2 00 3 00 2 H 2 0 2 N 3 H 00 3

Characters and Tests— I n powder, or small opaqueirregular scales, white salin e unpleasant taste. I mpartsa yellow colour to flame, showing the presence of sodium .

Soluble in water 1part in 10. D issolves with efi’er vescencein dilu ted hydrochloric acid, showing that it is a carbonateand the hydrochloric a cid solu tion gives no precipitate withpla tin ic chloride, indicating that it is neither a potassiumn or an ammon ium salt. I ts aqueous solution acidified withn itric acid should give but fain t indications of su lpha tesand chlorides on the addition of barium chloride and silverni t-rate. A solution of the salt in cold water gives a whiteand not a coloured precipitate

’

with mercuric chloride,un less

1 For mode of generating this gas, see Potassa Bicarbonas.

2 62 VETREI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA

The resu lting mixture of sodium carbonate and calciumsulphide (

‘black ash or‘ball soda when cold, is broken

up in to little pieces and lixiviated with water the sodium

carbonate passes in to solution ,and the ca lcium su lphide

is undissolved. By evaporating to dryness the solutionthus formed, soda ash is procu red, and by dissolvingsoda ash in water

,filtering, and evapora ting the solution ,

and then allowing it to cool, sodium ca rbon ate is obta inedin the crystallised state.

CharactersandTests— Transparen t, colourless, lam inar ,rhombic crystals, efflorescen t ; harsh a lkaline taste, and

strong a lk a line rea ction . I t imparts a yellow colour toflame, showing the presen ce of sodium ,

and dissolves withefl

‘

ervescence in dilu ted hydrochlori c acid, indica tin g thatit is a carbonate. Soluble in cold water 1in 2 in solublein rectified spirit. The hydrochlori c acid solution gives no

precipita te with platin ic chloride, showing that it is n eithera potassium nor an ammon ium sa lt. I ts aqueous solutiongives a white precipitate (magnesium carbonate) with magnesium su lphate, a reaction by which it is distinguishedfrom Sodas Bicarbon as. Strongly heated, it undergoes theaqueous fusion ,

and then dr ies up , losin g water to the

exten t of sixty-three per cen t. of its weight. When its

aqueous solution is treated with excess of n itr ic acid,it

shou ld yield but slight precipita tes with bar ium chlor ideand silver n itrate, indicating the a lmost tota l absen ce of

sulphates and chlor ides.

Actions and Uses—Very similar to those of Potassa

Bicarbonas, Potassas Carbonas, and Sodae Bicarbonas.

Doses—Half those of Sodae Bicarbon as.

Mode of Application.

I ncompatibles.

Same as PotassaeBicarbonas.

Preparations— Liquor Sodas ; Liquor Sodae Chlora teSoda Bicarbonas Sodas Carbonas Exsiccata.


SODE CARBONA’

S EXSI CCATA

DRIED CARBONATE OF SODA

Composition—Na 2 00 3 .

Mode of Preparation—Crystallised sodium carbonate isheated in a porcela in capsule un til the liquid which firstforms is converted into a dry cake. This cake, when pulver ised, is to be preserved in a stoppered bottle.

Actions andUses—S imilar to those of the potassiumand sodi um carbonates and bicarbonates.

Doses—About one fourth of those of Sodas Bicarbona s.

M d f A licat’

h icigatibllzs.

I onSame as PotassacBicarbonas.

SODJE HYPOSULPHI S

HYPOSU LPHI TE OF SODA

Synonyms—Sodium Thiosulpha te Antichlor.

Compositi on—N a zs2 0 3 .10Aq .

Mode of Preparation —An aqueous solution of sodium

su lphite is boiled with flowers of su lphur and filtered. On

evaporating the filtrate the salt crystallises out.Assuming the first of the above formulas to represent the

composition of the salt, the following equation expla ins its

forma tion.

Sodium Sodium

Sulphite. Hyposulph ite.

2 N a 2 80 3 2 N a 2 82 0 3

During crystallisation the salt acquiresfive molecules of


Characters and Tests.— Rhombic prisms, soluble in

water . I mparts a yellow colour to flame,indica ting the

presen ce of sodium . D ilu ted hydrochloric a cid added to

its aqueous solution causes efl'

ervescence (due to the ex

pu lsion of su lphurous anhydride, recogn isable by its odour),and the solution is, at the same time, rendered turbid bythe precipitation of sulphur . The latter reaction distinguishes this salt from sodium sulphite.

Actions and Uses.

Doses. Same as Sodas Sulphis.

I ncompatibles.

SODJE SULPHAS

SU LPHATE OF SODA

Synonyms—Sodium Sulphate Glauber ’s Salt.0omposition .

—N a ,SO41OAq .

Mode of Prepar ation —By neutralising the residue

(sodium -hydrogen su lphate) left in the manufa cture of

hydrochloric acid with sodium carbona te, and crystallisingthe product from solution in water .

SodiumHydrogen Sodium Sodium Carbon icSu lphate. Carbonate. Sulphate . An hydride.2 N aH SO4 N a QCO3 2 N a 2 SO , CC 2 .

Water .

H ,o

Characters and Tests—Transparen t Oblique prisms

has a saline and bitter taste eflioresces on exposu re to thea ir soluble in wa ter , 1 in 3 . Heated in a porcela in cru

cible, it loses 559 per cen t of wa ter , I t imparts a yellow

colour to flame, indicating the presen ce of sodium .With

barium chloride its aqueous solution furn ishes a white precipitate (barium sulphate) insoluble in ni tric acid, showing


I n the act of crystallising the salt takes up seven molecules of water .

Characters and Tests.—Sometimes in transparen t pris

matic crystals, but usua lly in white Opaque masses.

Soluble in water . I t imparts a yellow colour to flame,showing the presen ce of sodium . On adding dilutedhydrochloric a cid to its aqueous solu tion , su lphurous aubydride (recogni sable by its odour is evolved with efferves

cence, and the solu tion rema in s bright and transparen t.

Actions and Uses— I n ter n a lly—An tiseptic, disin

fectant, and a ltera tive. Given in indigestion , tympan ites,and in so-called blood diseases. Extern a lly z—Antiseptic,deodoriser, and disin fectan t. Employed in the treatmen tof ulcerated sore throat and phagedaeni c wounds and

ulcers.

DOSCS.—HORSE, l to 1goun ce.— CATTLE , 2 to 4 ounces,

SHEEP, 2 to 6 drachm s— PI G,2 to 6 dra chms—DOG, 2 0

to 60 gra ins. Frequen tly repeated.

Modes of Application — I n terna lly —D issolved in

water. Externa lly— Three to four drachms

, dissolved inevery oun ce of water employed.

I ncompatibles.—Acids, and most meta llic salts.

SODI I CHLORI DUM

CHLORIDE OF SODI UM

Synonym—Sodium Chlori de Common Sa lt.

Composition.—N a01.

Mode of Preparation — Crude rock salt,

’or a similar

product obtained by evaporating sea -wa ter, or the water of

brine springs, is purified by solution and crystallisation .


Characters and Tests— Sma ll white crystalline grains,or transparen t cubic crystals, free from moisture pu relysalin e taste soluble in wa ter . I ts aqueous solution m ixedwith hydrochlor ic a cid and platin ic chloride yields no

precipitate, showing that it is neither an ammon ium nor a

potassium sa lt. I t imparts a yellow colour to flame, indicating tha t sodium is presen t ; and its aqueous solu tiongives with silver n itrate a white precipitate (silver chloride)soluble in ammon ia , but insoluble in boiling n itric acid,proving the salt to be a chloride.


irritan t poison in medicina l doses,cathartic

,anthelmin tic

,

emetic,diu retic

,ton ic, a lterative, and resolven t. To cattle

and sheep it is given as an an thelmin tic a lso as a pu r

gative in diarrhoea caused by the presen ce of an irritantor by over - feeding, in fardel-bound, and in disten tion of

the stoma ch by food . To sheep it is lik ewise given as a

preven tive of rot, for the destru ction of in testinal wormsand as a corrective of the bad effects of damp and badlykept fodder . I t is employed as an emetic for the dog, andis given to all an imals

,in frequen tly repeated doses, as a

ton ic and stimu lan t in impaired digestion . Rock saltshould a lways be k ept as a provocative of the appetite inthe horse

’s manger , the ox

’s crib, and the sheep

’

s trough .

Extern a lly—As a stimu lan t in chron ic sprains, many

affections of the join ts, and in some diseases of the feet,

par ticu lar ly amongst cattle and sheep. Common salt isfrequen tly added to laxative enemas.

Doses—An thelm t'

n tic and Ca thar t'ic z— CATTLE , 12 to 2 4

ounces— SHEEP, l to 3 oun ces.

Emetic — DOG, l to 2 drachms.

Ton ic —HORSE , l to 2 0 unces.—CATTLE, 2 to 4 ounces.

SHEEP, 2 to 4 drachms—DOG, 10 to 30 gra ins.

2 68 VETERINARY PHARMACOPmIA

Modes 0p p1ication .— I n terna lly

—Asa cathartic andemetic dissolved in tepid wa ter. Sometimes half doses of

chloride of sodium and sulphate of magnesia are mixedwith ginger , pimen to, or some other a romatic and treaclesuch a m ixture will often be volun ta rily drunk by cattleand sheep . Croton oil

,oil of turpen tine, and calomel may

be added to common sa lt,to in crease its cathartic and

an thelm intic a ction ; and mustard, su lphate of zin c, sul

phate of copper , or tartarated an timony may be combinedwith it to ensure its prompt a ction as an emetic. As a.

ton ic and stoma chic,it shou ld be sprink led over the

an imal’s food, either in the sta te of powder or in solution .

Externa lly— A lotion consisting of one pound of common

salt dissolved in a ga llon of cold water . This lotionshould be applied during, or immediately after, the solutionof the salt.

SPIRITUS E THERI S

SPIRIT or ETHER

Synonym—Spiritus [ Etheris Su lphu rici .

Composition—A mixture of su lphur ic ether with twicei ts bu lk of rectified spirit.


Ether 10 flu id ounces.

Rectified Spirit 1pin t.Mix .

Test.— Sp. gr . 0809.

Actions and Uses.—D ifi'

usible stimulan t ; an tispas

modic.

Doses—HORSE, 3 to 6 fiu id 0un ces.-CATTLE

, 5 to 10

fl uid oun ces— SHEEP, l to 2 fluid oun ces—PI G, 1 to 2

flu id ounces.—DOG, l to 5 drachms.

2 70 VETERINARY PHARMAcoc IA

The following equation expla ins the principal changeswhich probably take pla ce in the foregoing process

Sulphuric N itricAlcohol. Acid. Acid. Copper

2 0 ,H ,Ho 2 H ,So,, 2 H N o3 Ca ,

Cup r icSulphate Water.

zcuso4 41-12 0

The ethyl n itrite distils over , accompan ied by a lcohola nd other bodies of minor importan ce .

Characters and Tests—Transpa ren t and nea rly colourless, but with a very slight tinge of yellow mobile, inflammable peculiar penetra ting apple -like odour, and sweetishcooling, sha rp taste. Sp. gr . 0 845. I t efl

‘

ervesces feeblyor not at a ll when shak en with a little sodium -hydrogencarbona te, indicating the presen ce of a trace or the absen ceof free acid. When agitated with solution of ferrous sulpha te and a few drops of sulphuric acid, it becomes deep

olive-brown or black. Agitated wi th twice its volume of

a saturated solution of calcium chloride (to absorb wa ter anda lcohol) in a closed graduated tube

, two per cen t. of its

original volume should separate in the form of ethyl n itriteand rise to the surface of the m ixture.

ActionsandUses—I n excessive dosesnarcotic and sedative in medicinal doses, stimu lan t

,an tispasmodic, diuretic,

and diaphoretic. Given in coli c, indigestion , tympanites,

and loca l congestions during conva lescen ce from dehili

tating disea ses also in combin ation wi th tin cture of opiumfor diminishing the pains and spasms which sometimes

follow parturition in cows.

Doses—HORSE, 1 to 2 fluid ounces.—CATTLE, 3 to 4

fluid oun ces—SHEEP, 3 to 6 fluid drachms—PI G, 3 to 6

VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA 2 71

fluid dra chms—Dos, g to 2 fluid drachms. Frequentlyrepea ted.

Mode of Application—Mixed with suflicient cold waterto make a draught.

SPIRITUS AMMON IJE AROMATI CUS ‘

AROMATI C SPI RI T or AMMON I A

Tak e of

Carbonate of Ammon ia

Strong Solution of Ammon ia

Volatile Oil of N utmegOil of Lemon

Rectified SpiritWater

Mix and distil seven pints.

Test— Sp . gr . 0 870.

Actions and Uses.—D ifl'

usible stimulan t,antacid

,and

a n tispasmodic.

DOSGS. —HORSE, to l fluid 0unce.—CATTLE, to 2 fluid

oun ces — SH EEP,2 to 4 flu id dra chms—PI G, 2 to 4 fluid

dra chms—Dog, 10 to 2 0 min ims. Mixed with water.

SPIRITUS AMMONI E F(ETIDUS

FETI D SPIRIT or AMMON I A

Take of

Assafoetida 12 ounces.Strong Solution of Ammon ia 2 fluid oun ces.Rectified Spirit a sufficiency.

1Thispreparation isstronger in spirit, and about one-half strongerin ammon ia.than the SpiritusAmmoniacAromaticus of the ‘BritishPharmacopoeia.

’

8 oun ces.4 flu id ounces.

4 fluid dra chms.6 fluid drachms.

6 pin ts.

pin ts.

2 72 VETERINARY PRARMACOPcEIA

Break the assafoetida in to small pieces, andmacerate it ina.closed vessel, in fifteen fluid oun cesof the spirit, for twen tyfour hours then distil off the spirit, mix the produ ct withthe solution of ammonia, and add sufli cient rectified spiritto make one pin t.

Actions and Uses—Stimu lan t and an tispasmodic.

D0868. —HORSE, i to l flu id oun ce—CATTLE, to 2 fluidounces— SHEEP, 2 to 4 flu id dra chms—PI G, 2 to 4 fluiddrachms—DOG, 10 to 2 0 m in ims. Mixed with water.

SPIRITUS CAMPHORE

SPIRIT or CAMPHOR

Synonym—Tinctura Camphorae.

Take of

Camphor 1oun ce.

Rectified Spirit 4 flu id oun ces.

D issolve.

Actions and Un a—Exter n a lly —Stimulan t, anodyne

and discutient.

SPIRITUS CHLOROFORMI

SPIRIT or CHLOROFORM

Synonym.—Chloric Ether .

Take of

Chloroform 1fluid oun ce.

Rectified Spirit 19 fluid ounces.

D issolve.

Test— Sp. gr. 0 871.

2 74 VETERINARY PHARMAcomE IA

SPIRITUS RECTI FI CATUS

RECTI FI ED SPIRIT

Synonym.—~Spirit of Wine.

Composition—Alcohol (absolu te alcohol , Os HO),withsixteen per cen t. of water .

Mode of Preparation .— Saccharine fluids are permitted

to fermen t, whereby the sugar which they con tain is transformed in to a lcohol andcarbon ic anhydride. The formeris separa ted from the impurities with which it is mixed bydistillation, and the latter escapes in to the air in the stateof gas.

Characters and Tests.—Colou rless, transparent, verymobile and inflammable ; peculiar p leasant odour , and a

strong spirituous burn ing taste. Burns with a blue flame,without smoke. Sp . gr . 0 358. Should have a purelya lcoholic odour and taste, and shou ld rema in clear whendilu ted with distilled water , indicating its freedom fromfusel oil (amylic a lcohol,Actions and Uses.—I n ter na lly z—Stimu lan t, diuretic,

a nd diaphoretic. Alcohol, in the form of ale, brandy,whisky, or gin , for the larger an imals, and in the form of

wine for the smaller ones, is employed as a stimulan t incolic and tympanites in the latter stages of influen za ,bron chitis, and other inflamm atory diseases a lso in , andduring convalescence from , debilitating complaints. Ex

tern ally—Rectified spiri t is added to coolin g lotions to

increase their refrigera ting power . Rectified spirit is likewise employed in the prepara tion of medicinal spirits,tinctures, and extracts.


Bowed—HORSE, 1to 3 oun ces. 3 to 6 oun ces.

SHEEP, to 15ounce—PI G , to lgounce—DOG, l to 3dra chms. Repeated every two hours.

Table showing the average amou n ts by measure of absol'u te

a lcohol (0 2 H 5.0H ) con tained in 100 volumes of the

f ollowing a lcoholic bever ages

Name of Beverage.

Sma ll Beer and Table AlePort er

A le (various kinds)Sherry

Por tBrandy (common )G in

Brandy (Cognac)Rum

Whisky

SPIRI TUS TENU I OR»

PROOF SPIRIT

Composition—One hundred parts, a t GO°F ., consists of

forty-ni ne parts by weight of absolute alcohol, and fiftyone parts by weight of Wa ter .

Take ofRectified SpiritD isti lled Water

Test — Sp . gr . 0 912 .

Use—I n the preparation of tin ctures.

The doses here enumerated refer to rectified Spirit ; the determination of those of the ordinary alcohol ic beverages must be leftto the judgment of the prescriber .

L0‘l

CD VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA

STAPHI SAGRIE SEMINA

STAVESAORE SEEDS

The seeds of D elphin ium Staphisagria .

Natural Order .—Ranu ncu lacex .

Composition—The seeds con tain severa l alkaloids, themost important being delphin in e, delphisine, and delphinoidine. They also con tain a fixed oil.

Actions and Uses.—A. solution made by boiling the

seeds in wa ter , 1part of seeds to 2 0 or 30 of wa ter, is used

as a parasiticide lotion .

STRYCHNINA

STRYOH N I NE

Composition.

Mode of Preparation —Tak eN ux Vomica 1pound.A cetate of Lead 180 gra ins.

Solution of Ammoni a a sufli ciency.

Rectified Spirit a sufficiency.

D istilled Water a sufficien cy

Soften the nux vomica by subjecting it for two hours tosteam in any conven ien t vessel chop or slice it dry it in

a water -bath or hot~air chamber, and immedia tely grind itin a cofl

'

ee-mill . D igest the powder at a gentle heat fortwelve hours with two pin ts of the spiri t and one of the

water , to dissolve out the igasu rates of strychn ine and

brucine strain through linen ,express strongly, and repeat

the process twice. D istil off the spirit from the m ixed

fluid, evaporate the watery residue to about sixteen oun ces,

2 78 VETERINARY PHARMACOPmIA

acid if it turns yellow ,it shows that brucin e is presen t.

Should leave no ash when burned with free excess of a ir .

Actions andUses— I n excessive doses, highly poisonousin medicinal doses, stimu lan t and ton ic in pa ra lysis, and inchorea in the dog.

Doses—HORSE , 1to 3 grains — CATTLE ,l to 3 grains.

SHEEP, g to l gra in — DOG, 311, to f5th grain . On ce or

twice a day.

Modes of Application — I n the form of bolus, pill, or

dissolved in water acidu lated with acetic or su lphu r ic acid.

Antidotes—Same as to N ux Vomica .

Preparation.— Liquor Strychnise.

SUCCUS RHAMNI

BU CKTHORN JU I CE

Synonym— Rhamn i Succus.

The recen tly expressed ju ice of the ripe berry of the

common buckthorn , Rhamn us ca tharticn s, belonging to then atura l order Rhamn acece.

Preparation .—Syrupus Rhamn i .

SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM

SUBLIMED SULPH UR

Synonym.— Flowers of Sulphur .

Composition—An elemen tarybody, havingthesymbol S.

Mode of Preparation — Crude su lphur , imported fromSicily, N aples, the Roman States, and other volcan ic dist ricts, is placed in a retort connected with a brick chamber.


On the application of heat to the retort the su lphur sub

limes in to the chamber, to the walls of which it a tta ches

itself, While the earthy impurities rema in behind. When a.

sufficien t quan tity of the sulphur has collected on the

walls of the condensing chamber, it is scraped off for use.

Characters and Tests—A slightly gritty crystallinepowder , of a fine greenish -

yellow colour , tasteless and

odour less, un less heated ; burns in open vessels with a

blue flame and the evolu tion of sulphurous anhydride,recogn isable by its odour . En tirely volatilised by heat.I nsoluble in water

,a lcohol

,and ether , but soluble in

carbon disu lphide and turpen tine. Should not reddenmoistened litmus paper . Solution of ammon ia agitatedwith it and filtered does not leave any residue on evaporation , showing that it is free from arsen icum trisu lphide.

Actions andUses— I n terna lly — I n excessive doses irritan t poison in medicina l doses laxative, and as an alterative in rheumatism , skin diseases, andmany other affections.Externa lly z—I n scabies and other skin diseases.

Doses—Laxa tive —H ORSE , 3 to 4 oun ces— CATTLE, 5to6 ou n ces— SH EEP, 2 oun ces—PI G, lg to 2 oun ces—DOG ,2 to 8 drachms.

Allem tlve —HORSE , to l % 0un ce.— CATTLE, 1 to 2

oun ces— SHEEP, 6 drachms—PI G, 4 to 6 dra chms— DOG ,712to 2 dra chms.

ModesofApplication .—I n ter n a lly

— I n the form of bolusor pill , m ixed with gruel, or dissolved in oil . Exter n a lly

U nguen tum Sulphuris.

Preparations—U nguen tum Sulphuris. U nguen tumSulphuris Compositum.


SULPHURI S I ODI DUM

IODIDE OF SULPHUR

Composition .— N ot well established.


I odine

Sublimed Sulphur

Rub them together in a Wedgwoodmortar un til they arethoroughly m ixed. Put the m ixture in to a flask

,close the

orifice loosely, and apply a gen tle heat, so that the colou rof the mass shall become gradually darkened. When thecolour has become un iform ly dark throughou t, in crease theheat so as to produce liquefaction . Then in cline the flaskin differen t directions, in order to return in to the liqu id any

portion of the iodine which may have condensed on the

inner surface of the vessel . Lastly, W ithdraw the heat, andwhen the liqu id has congealed remove the massby breakingthe flask , redu ce it to pieces, and keep them in a wells

‘toppered bottle.

Characters and Tests—A greyish -black solid,with a.

radiated crystalline appearan ce. Resembles iodine in odour

and in the property of sta in ing the sk in . Soluble in abou tsixty parts of glycerin 5insoluble in water , bu t decomposedwhen boiled with it .

Actions and Uses—Extern a lly z— I n scabies, urticaria ,and other sk in affections also applied to fa rcy u lcers and

indolen t sores.

Mode of Application — U nguen tum Su lphuris I odidi.

Preparation— U nguen tum Sulphuris I odidi .

2 82 VETERINARY PHARMAcomE IA

then add the sugar . The product should weigh six and a

half pounds, and shou ld have the sp. gr .

Actions and Uses— Sedative, anodyne, and hypnoticfor the dog.

Dose— 2 to 5 fluid dra chms.

Preparation—Mistura Ricin i.

SYRUPUS RHAMNI

SYRU P OF BU CKTHORNTake ofBuckthorn JuiceGinger, slicedPimen to, bruisedRefined Sugar 5 pounds, or a sufliciency.


Evaporate the juice to two and a half pints, addthe gin

ger and pimento, digest at a gen tle heat for four hours, andS train . When cold, add the spir it, let the mixture standfor two days, then decan t off the clear liquor , and in thisdissolve the sugar with a gen tle hea t, so as to make thesp. gr.

Use.—Mild cathartic and laxative for the dog, and in

preparing Mistura Ricini .Dom—Doc, to 2 0 un ces.

—CAT, 2 to 6 dra chms.

TABACI FoLIAl

LEAF TOBACCO

The dried leaves of Virgin ian Tobacco, N icotiana Taba

cum. Cultiva ted in America .

Natural order.— S0lan aceae.

1 I n practice the ordinary shag’ tobacco is usually employed.


Characters.— Large mottled-brown, ovate or lan ceolate

acumina te leaves, bearing numerous short glandular ha irshaving a peculia r heavy odou r and nauseous

,bitter

, acrid

taste 3 yielding, when distilled with potassium hydrate, analka lin e flu id, which has the pecu liar odour of n icotine (theactive pr in ciple of tobacco), and precipitates with platinicchlor ide and tin cture of galls.

Preparations.— Decoctum Tabaci ; Enema Tabaci 5Tufusum Tabaci.

TARAXACUMDANDELI ON

The root of Tamwacum Dens- leon is (N atural OrderComp osi tae).

Composition— I t con tains asparagin , taraxa cin , and

taraxa cerin .

Actions and Uses.— According to Rutherford it is a

feeble hepatic stimu lant,it is a lso a laxative and diuretic

a nd is of service in duodena l dyspepsia . The best preparation is the fresh su ccus, the dose of which is for theHORSE,one oun ce DOG, a dra chm and a ha lf to two dra chms.

TEREBINTHINA CANADENSIS

CANADA BALSAM

The turpen tine obtained by in cision from the stem of

Abies balsamea , Balm of Gilead fir . Cu ltivated in Canada.

Natural order .—Com;fer ce.

Characters— Pa le yellow ductile oleo-resin , of the con ~

sisten ce of thin honey peculiar agreeable odour , slightlybitter, feebly acrid taste by exposure to a ir it dries veryslowly in to a transparen t adhesive varn ish solidifies whenmixed with a sixth of its weight of magnesia .

Use.— I n preparing Collodium Flexile.

2 84 VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA

THERIACA

TREACLE

Synonyms.— Sacchari Faex Molasses.

Composition —A mixture chiefly consisting of uncrystallisable sugar , produced by the action of too high a temperature on cane sugar, unaltered cane sugar , and colouringmatter .

Characters—Thick brown fermen table syrup , verysweet

,not crystallising by rest or evaporation . Sp . gr .

abou t Nearly free from empyreumatic odou r and

fla vour .

Actions andUses— Laxa tive. Employed for hasteningthe activity of ca thartics

,and as a vehicle for medicines

having a disagreeable flavour, or which occasion nausea .

A lso used in the preparation of masses.

DoseS.—HORSE, 1to l i pound.— CATTLE, 1to 15pound,

SH EEP,3 to 4 ounces.

~ PI G, 3 to 4» oun ces.

—DOG, l to 2oun ces. Frequen tly repeated un til a laxa tive effect isproduced.

A stearoptin obtained from the vola tile oil of thyme,which is extracted from the Thymu s vu lgar is.

Natural order .— Labia t¢e.

Composition— C ,0H 130H .

CharactersandTests.—Thymol crystallises in hexagonal

forms, n early or qu ite colourless, it has an aromatic thymelike odour, a pungen t aroma tic taste. I t issoluble in about


ceases to pass, con tinue the percolation with the remainingfive oun ces of spirit then subject the con ten ts of the percolator to pressure, filter the product, m ix the liquids, andadd sufficient rectified spirit to mak e one pin t.

Uses— I ntern a lly— As a sedative. Externa lly

— As

an anodyne .

Doses— HORSE , 30 to 50 min ims.— CATTLE

, 40 to 80

m inims.— SH EEP

, 8 to 12 min ims.—PI G, 8 to 12 min ims.

DOG,3 to 10 m in ims. Given in wa ter , and repeated every

two hou rs.

TINCTURA ALOES COMPOSITACOMPOU N D TI NOTU RE or ALOES

Take of

Barbadoes Aloes, in coarse10 dra chms.

powderMyrrh 5drachms.

Methylated or Rectified Spirit 14 fluid oun ces.

Wa ter 6 flu id oun ces.

Macera te the aloes and the myrrh in the spir it and thewater , previouslymixed, for fourteen days in a closed vessel,a nd shak e frequently. Filter and add sufli cien t proofspirit to make one pin t.

Uses— Exter na lly— Excitan t to wounds

, obstinateu lcers, and excoria tions.

TINCTURA ARNI CE

TI NCTU RA OF ARN I CA

Take of

Arn ica Root, bruisedProof Spirit

VETERINARY PHARMACOPmIA 2 87

Macera te the am ica for forty-eight hours in fifteen fluidoun ces of the spirit, in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally transfer to a.percolator , and, when the fluid ceasesto pass, con tinue the percola tion with the remaining fiveoun ces of spiri t. Then subject the con tents of the percolator to pressure, fil ter the product, mix the liquids, andadd suflicient rectified spirit to make one pin t.

Uses—Extern a lly z—Stimu lan t to sprains and bruises,

and in chron ic rheumatism .

TI NCTURA CAMPHORZE

See Spiritus Camphorae.

TINCTURA CANNABIS I NDI CZE

TINCTURE or CANNABIS INDICA

Take ofExtract of I ndian HempRectified Spirit

D issolve.

Un a— I n tern ally —SeeExtractum Cannabis I ndicae.

D0888.—HORSE, 1to 2 oun ces—DOG, 10 to 40 minims.

TI NCTURA CANTHARIDI S

TIN CTURE or CANTHARI DES

Take ofCan thar ides, in coarse powder 7}ounce.Proof Spirit 1pint.

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occa

2 88 VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA

sioual agitation strain , press, and add sufficient proofspirit to make one pin t.

Uses— I n tern a lly— Stimulan t and ton ic. Externa lly

Tin ctura Cantharidis Fortior is used instead.

Doses— HORSE , l to 4 flu id oun ces. 3 to 6

flu id oun ces.— SH EEP, % to lgfluid oun ce—PI G, to lg;

fluid ounce — DOG , 1to 3 flu id drachms.

TINCTURA CANTHARI DI S FORTIOR

STRONG TINCTURE OF CANTHARIDES

Take of

Can tharides, in coarse powder 1ounce.

Proof Spirit 1pin t.

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel,with oc

casion al agitation ; stra in , press, filter , and add sufficien t

proof spirit to mak e one pin t .

Use —Exter n a lly— Stimu lan t and rubefacien t.

TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA

COMPOUND TINCTURE OF CARDAMOMS

Take of

Cardamom Seeds, freed fromtheir per icarps and bruised

1oun ce.

Cinnamon , bru ised 2 oun ces.

Proof Spirit 80 flu id oun ces.

Ma cerate, with occasiona l agitation,for forty-eight

hou rswith sixtyfluid oun cesof the spir it, pack in a percolator ,and let it drain pour on the rema in ing spirit , and, when itceases to drop , press, and wash the mass with sufficien t


con ten ts of the percola tor to pressure, filter the product,mix the liquids, and add sufficien t proof spiri t to make one

pin t.Uses— I n tern a lly

— Stimu lan t,stomachic, and ton ic.

DOSGS. —HORSE, 1 to 3 flu id oun ces.—CATTLE, 3 to 6

fluid ounces— SHEEP, to l fluid oun ce—PI G, to 1fluidoun ce — DOG, 2 to 5 fluid drachms.

TINCTURA COLCHICI SEMI NI S

TIN CTURE OF COLCHI CUM SEEDS

Take of

Colchicum Seeds, bruised 2 % oun ces.


Macerate the colchicum for forty-eight hours in fifteenflu id oun ces Of the spirit, in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally then transfer to a percolator , and, when the fluidceases to pass, con tin ue the percolation wi th the remain ingfive oun ces of spirit. Afterwards subject the con ten tsof the percolator to pressure, filter the product, mix the

liquids, and add sufficien t proof spirit to make one pin t.

Uses— I n terna lly z— Sedative. Extern ally

—Anodyne.

Doses—HORSE , g to 2 fluid 0un ces.—CATTLE

, g to 2

fluid oun ces— SHEEP, 1 to 4 flu id drachms—PI G, 1 to 4

flu id drachms— DOG, 2 0 to 80min ims.

TINCTURA CONII

TIN CTURE OF HEMLOCK

Synonym.— Tin ctura Con ii Fructus.

Take of

Hemlock Fruit,bruised

Proof Spirit

VETERINARY PHARMAcormIA 2 91

Macerate the hemlock fruit for forty-eight hours infifteen ounces of the spirit, in a closed vessel, agitatingoccasionally transfer to a percolator , and, when the fluidceases to

.

pass, con tinue the per colation with the remainingfive ounces of spirit. Then subject the conten ts of the

percolator to pressure, filter the product, mix the liquids,d add sufficien t proof sp irit

“

to make one pint.

Uses—I n ternally —A lterative and sedative.

D0888.—HORSE, l to 2 fluid oun ces—CATTLE,1to 2

fluid ounces—SHEEP, 3 to 6 fluid dra chms—PI G, 3 to 6fluid dra chms—DOG, 10 to 40 m in ims.

TINCTURA CROTONI S

TINCTURE OF CROTONTake of

Croton Seeds, bruise-d 115ounce .

Rectified Spirit 1pint.

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional agi tation strain , press, filter , and add sufficien trectified spirit to make on e pin t.

Usesa—I n terna lly — Ca thartic. Externa lly—Rube

facien t and coun terir rita n t.

Doses.—HORSE , $2 to 1 fluid ounce—CATTLE, to 1—5fluid oun ce—SHEEP, 1 to 3 flu id drachms.—PI G, 1 to 3

fluid drachms—DOG, 2 0 to 50 minims.

TI NCTURA ERGOTJE

TI N CTU RE OF ERGOT

Take ofErgot, in coarse powderProof Spirit


Ma cerate the ergot for forty-eight hours in fifteen fluidoun ces of the Spirit, in a closed vessel , agitating occasionally then transfer to a percolator , and

,when the flu id

ceases to pass, con tin ue the per colation with the remain ingfive oun ces of spirit. Afterwards subject the con ten ts of

the percolator to pressure, filter the produ ct, mix theliquids, and add sufficien t proof spirit to make one pin t.

Use — I n ter n a lly— Parturien t.

Doses— MARE,1 to 2 fluid oun ces— Cow

,l to 3 fluid

oun ces — Ema,15to 3 flu id drachms— Sow, lg to 3 fluid

drachms— B I TCH , 2 0 to 60 min ims.

TINCTURA FERRI PERCHLORI DI

TIN CTURE OF PERCHLORI DE OF IRON

Synonym.— Tinctura Ferri Sesqu ichloridi .

Tak e of

Strong Solu tion of Perchlo

r ide of I ron


5 fluid oun ces.

Mix,and preserve in a stoppered bottle.

Uses.—I n ter n a lly

—Astr ingen t and ton ic in haema

turia, farcy, many typhoid affections, and indigestion alsoin distemper in dogs. Externa lly

—Astringen t, styptic,

and caustic.

DOS68.— HORSE , 1to 2 fluid oun ces.

— CATTLE, 1 to 2

flu id oun ces.— SH EEP

, 3 to 6 fluid dra chms. PI G, 3 to 6

fluid dra chms— DOG , 5 to 2 0 m in ims. Dilutedwith wa ter


TI NCTURA NUGIS VOMI CZE ‘

TINCTURE OF N Ux VOMI CA

Take of

N ux Vomica 2 oun ces.

RectifiedSpirit 1pin t.

Apply steam to the nux vom ica un ti l it is thoroughlysoftened

,then dry rapidly, and reduce it to fin e powder .

Ma cerate the powder for forty-eight hours in fifteen fluidoun ces of the spirit, in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally then transfer to a percolator , and, when the fluidceases to pass, con tinue the percolation with the remain ing

five oun ces of spirit. Afterwards subject the con tents of

the percolator to pressure, filter the product, m ix the

liquids, and add sufficient rectified spirit to make one pin t.

Uses— Stimu lan t and ton ic in para lysis, chorea , and

dyspepsia .

Doses—HORSE , 4 to 8 fluid drach-ms. 4 to 8

flu id dract .— SHEEP

,1to 2 flu id dra chm 3 .

—PI G,1to 2

fluid drachms— DOG, 10 to 40 m in ims.

TINCTURA OPI I

TI NCTU RE OF OPIUM

Synonym—Laudanum .

Take of

Opium , in coarse powderProof Spir it

Macerate for seven days in a closed occa

Morton ’sTinctura NucisVomicae is two and a half timesstrongerthan this preparation .


sional agitation then strain , press, filter, and add sufficien tproof spirit tomake one pin t.

Uses—Anodyne, hypnotic, sedative, and an tispasmodic.

DoseS. -HORSE , 1 to 3 flu id oun ces—CATTLE, l to 3fluid ounces—SHEEP

,2 to 8 fluid dra chms—PI G, 2 to 8

fluid drachms—DOG, 10 to 30 minims.

Preparations. —Enema Opu Linimen tum Opu .

TINCTURA PIMENTZE

TIN CTURE OF PIMENTOTake of

Pimento Berr ies, bruised 2 5oun ces.

Proof Spirit 1pint.

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasioua l agita tion then strain , press,fil ter , and add suficient

proof spirit to mak e one pint .

Uses.—Antispasmodic and carminative.

Doses— HORSE , 2 to 4 flui d oun ces—CATTLE , 3 to 6fluid 0un ces.

—SHEEP, 1 to 3 flu id oun ces—PI G, 1 to 3fluid oun ces—DOG, 1to 3 fluid drachms.

TINCTURA SANTALIS RUBRA

TIN CTURE OF RED SANDERS WOOD

Take of

SandersWood, rasped to powder «5ounce.


Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, wi th occa

sioual agitation then stra in , press, filter , and add suflicien t

proof spirit to make one pint.

Use—To impart colour to draughts.


TINCTURA ZI NGI BERI S

TI NOTU RE OF GINGERTake of

Ginger , in coarse powderRectified Spirit

Macerate the ginger for forty-eight hours in fifteen fluidounces of the spirit, in a closed vessel, agita ting occasiona lly then transfer to a percolator, and, when the fluidceases to pass, con tinue the p ercolation with the remain ingfive ounces of spirit. Afterwards subject the con tents of

the percolator to pressure, filter the product, mix the

liquids, and add su fficien t rectified spir it to make one pint.

Uses.— Carminative, and as an adjunct to tonic,stimu

lant,and purgative medi cines.

D0808.—HORSE , 1 to 2 fluid 0un ces.—CATTLE, 1to 3

fluid ounces.— SHEEP, 2 to 6 flu id dra chms—PI G, 2 to 6fluid drachms—DOG, to 2 flu id drachms.

UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLICI

OINTMENT or CARBOLIC ACID

Take of

Carbolic_Acid

Prepared Lard

Mix thoroughly.

Uses—Applied to Sloughing and unhealthy wounds.


UNGUENTUM ALUMI NI S COMPOSI TUM

COMPOUND OINTMENT OF ALUM

Take of

Alum ,in fine powder 1ounce.

Common Turpen tine 1ounce.

Prepared Lard 3 oun ces.

Melt the turpentine and the lard together on a waterbath , add the alum

,and stir the m ixture while it cools.

Uses.—Astringen t and digestive in grease.

’

UNGUENTUM ANTIMONII TARTARATI

O I N TMENT or TARTARATED ANTIMONY

Take of

Tartarated An timony, in fine powder 1oun ce.


Mix thoroughly.

Uses. —Coun terirritan t to the chest in pulmonary com

plaints, and to join ts in chron ic articu lar affections.

UNGU‘

ENTUM ARGENTI NI TRATI S

OI NTMENT OF N ITRATE or SILVER

Take of

N itrate of Silver, in fine powder 5 to 10 grains.

Prepared Lard 1ounce.

Mix thoroughly.

U se.—A piece the size of a pea is placed between the

eyelids every third day in chron ic ophthalmia .

VETERINARY PHARMACOPGBIA 2 99

UNGUENTUM ARSENICI

OI N TMENT OF ARSEN I C

Take of

Arsen ious Acid, in fine powderPreparedLard

Mix thoroughly.

Use— Caustic to warts and can cerous growths.

UNGUENTUM CALCIS CHLORATZE

OI N TMENT OF CHLORI NATED LIME

Take of

Chlor inated Lime 1oun ce.

Prepared Lard 4 to 8 oun ces.

Mix thoroughly.

Uses— I n grease, especially when accompan ied by con

siderable foetor .

UNGUENTUM CANTHARI DI S

OI NTMENT or CANTHARI DES

Synonym.— Blistering Oin tmen t.

Take of

Can tharides, in powderPrepared Lard

D igest the can tharides and lard together over a water


ba th for three hours, with occasional stirring ; while hotfilter through paper, and a llow the clear liquid to cool.

Uses.—I rritan t to keep open blisters, and to promotethe discharge from setons and ulcers.

UNGUENTUM CREASOTI

OINTMENT OF CREASOTE

Take of

Creasote l fluid ounce.

Prepared Lard 8 ounces.

Mix thoroughly.

Uses.—Same as U nguentum Acidi Carbolici .

UNGUENTUM CUPRI SUBACETATI S

O I NTMENT or SU BACETATE OF COPPER

Synonym.—U nguentum [ Erugin is Oin tment of Ver

digris.

Take of

Suba cetate of Copper , in fine

powderCommon Turpen tinePrepared Lard

Melt the turpen tine and lard together over a water -bath,then W ithdraw the hea t, add the subaceta te of copper, andthoroughly mix by stirr in g the whole until cold.

I lsa—Detergen t tofoul u lcers.


UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI

OINTMENT OF MERCURY

Synonym— Blue Oin tmen t.

Take of

MercuryPrepa red La rd

Prepared Suet

Rub them toge ther un til meta llic globules cease to bev isible when a small portion of the oin tmen t is rubbed

with the finger on brown paper.

Uses— I n scab, mange, and other scurfy cutaneousalfeotions 5to indolen t sores and u lcers as a resolven t in glandula r en la rgemen ts and applied to the sk in with frict ion to expedite and main ta in the constitutiona l effects

produced by the in terna l administration of mercury. For

skin a ffections, however , the next prepara tion is generallyused.

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRIAMMON IAT I

OI NTMENT OF AMMON I ATED MERCU RY

Take of

AmmoniatedMercury 1ounce.

Prepa red Lard 6 to 8 ounces.

Mix thoroughly.

Use—To destroy pediculi and acari.

VETERINARY PHARMACOHEIA 303

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRICOMPOSITUM

COMPOU ND OI NTMENT OF MERCURY

Take of

Ointmen t of MercurySoft Soap

Mix thoroughly.

Uses.—See U nguentum Hydrargyri .

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI IODI DIRUBRI

OI NTMENT OF RED I OD I DE OF MERCURY

Synonyms.—U nguen tum Hydrargyri Biniodidi Ointmen t of Bin iodide of Mercury Blister ing Ointment.

Red I odide of Mer cury, in finepowder

Prepared Lard

Mix thoroughly.

Uses.—Caustic, stimu lan t, and detergent to unhealthysores counterirritan t also resolvent in the treatmen t ofcurbs

,splin ts, in cipien t spavins, and en larged bursae.

Th is preparation is nearly three and a.half timesstronger thanUnguentumHydrargyri I odidi Rubri of the British Pharmacopceia.

’

2 An ointment contain ingtwice the quantity of iodide of mercuryfoms a powerful counterirritantwhen app lied to the skin of the ox.

304 VETERINARY PHARMACOP<E IA

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI N I TRATI S

OINTMENT OF N I TRATE OF MERCURY

Synonym.— Citr ine Oin tmen t.

Take of

Mercury, by weight 4 ounces.

N itric A cid 12 fluid oun ces.Prepared Lard 15 ounces.

Olive Oil 3 2 fluid oun ces.

D issolve the mercu ry in the n itric acid with the a idof a

gentle heat.N itric Mercuric N itric

Mercury. Acid. N itrate. Oxide. Water .

Hg3 8HNO3 3Hg(N 0 3 )2 2 NO 4H 2 0

Melt the lard in the oil by a steam or water -bath, in a

porcelain vessel capable of holding six times the quan tity,and, whi le the m ixture is hot , add the solution of mercuricn itrate, a lso hot, mixing them thoroughly. I f the mixturedoesnot froth up , in crease the heat till this occurs. Keep

it stirred un til it is cold.

Uses.— Stimu lan t and detergent in grease, ringworm

,

and other skin affections. One part of this ointmentm ixed with one part of lard and on e of olive oil , is em

ployed in the treatmen t of tarsal Ophthalm ia , and for theremova l of nebu lae from the cornea .

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI

PERCHLORI DI

OI NTMENT OF PERCHLORI DE OF MERCU RY

Take of

Perchloride of Mercury, in fine 1powder


1oun ce.


UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDE

OI NTMENT OF TAR

Take ofCommon Tar

Resin of each, equal parts.Prepared Lard

Melt together with a gen tle heat, and stir the mixturewhile it cools.

Uses—I n foot-rot in sheep , and as a foot ointment forall other domesticated an imals.

UNGUENTUM POTASSE SULPHURATJE

OI NTMENT OF SU LPHURATED POTASH

Take of

Sulphurated Potash, in fine powder 1ounce.

Prepared Lard 8 ounces.

Triturate the su lphurated potash in a porcelain mortar ,and gradually add the lard, rubbing them together un tilthe ointmen t is perfectly smooth and free from gr ittiness.

This ointmen t, when used,should be recen tly prepared.

Uses.— I n mange and other skin affections.

UNGUENTUM RESINE

OINTMENT OF RESIN

Synonym—Digestive Oin tment.

Take ofResin , in coarse powderYellow W ax


Almond OilPrepared Lard

Melt with a gentle hea t, stra in the mixture while hotthrough flannel, and stir constan tly while it cools.

Thea—Stimulan t to u lcers,wounds, blistered surfaces,

and to impart consisten cy to other oin tmen ts.

UNGUENTUM SABI NIE

OI NTMENT OF SAVI N

Take of

Savin Tops, bruisedPrepared Lard

Melt the lard and the wax together on a water -ba th, addthe savin

,and digest for twen ty minutes. Then remove

the mixtu re, and express through cali co.

Un a— I rritan t toblistered surfaces, and for the remova lof war ts.

UNGUENTUM SULPHURI S

OI NTMENT OF SU LPHUR

Take of

Sublimed Su lphurPrepared Lard

Mix.

U ses.—For scab in sheep, parasiticide, and in treatmen tof eczema , mange, &c.

308 VETERINARY PRARMACOPCI IA

UNGUENTUM SULPHURI S COMPOSI TUM

COMPOUND OI NTMENT OF SULPHUR

Synonym—Sheep Oin tmen t.

Take of

Sublimed SulphurCommon TurpentineOin tment of MercuryLinseed Oil

Melt the oil and turpen tin e together over a wa ter-bathwhen the m ixture is n ear ly cold, stir in the sulphur , andafterwa rds the ointmen t of mercury, until the whole isthoroughly mixed.

Uses—For eradicating scab in sheep.

UNGUENTUM SULPHURI S I ODI DI

OINTMENT OF IODIDE OF SULPHUR

Take of

I odide of Sulphur, in fine powder 1oun ce.


Triturate the iodide of su lphur in a porcelain mortar,and gradually add the lard, rubbing them together untilthe oin tmen t is perfectly smooth and free from grittiness.

Uses. - I n mange, urticaria , and other skin diseases.

l

310 VETERI NARY PHARMACOPCEIA

Mix thoroughly.

Uses.—Desiccan t and mild astrin gen t to slight excoria ~

tions.

UNGUENTUM ZI NOI OXIDI

OI NTMENT OF OXIDE OF ZIN C

Take ofOxide of Zin cPrepared Lard

Mix.

Uses—Employed in slight excoriationsand ulcerations.

VAPOR CHLORI

CHLORINE GAS

Composition —An elemen t 3 symbol Cl.

Modes of Preparation .—There are two methods com

monly resorted to.

l et Method.—Put three or four oun ces of powdered

m anganese peroxide into a flask , basin ,or other sui table

vessel make it in to a thin paste with strong hydrochlorica cid, and apply a gen tle hea t to the mixture.

Manganese Hydroch loric Manganese

Peroxide . Acid. Chloride. Water . Ch lorine.

2 nd Method.

l— Take of

Sodium Chloride (common salt), infine powder 2 5oun ces.

Manganese Peroxide, in fine powder 2 oun ces.

Chlorine may also be evolved by pouring diluted sulphuric orhydrochloric acid on chlorinated lime.


Strong Sulphuric Acid fluid oun ces.

Water 5fluid oun ces.

I n timately mix the manganese peroxide and sodiumchloride, andp la ce them in a flask

, basin , &c. Pour the

su lphuric a cid in to the water con tained in porcelain ,earthen

ware, Or thin glass vessel. Add the diluted sulphur ic acidto the m ixture of manganese peroxide and sodium chloride,and thoroughly stir or shak e them together .

I f necessary, the evolution of chlor in e maybe promotedby the application of a gen tle heat.

Sodium Manganese Sulphur ic SodiumCh lor ide. Peroxide. Acid. Chlorine. Su lphate .

2 N aol MI LO ? 2 H 2 80 4 012 N 3 2 SO4

Mangan ese

Su lphate. W ater .

MusO, 2 H 2 0

Characters andTests. -Heavy green ish -

yellow gas,witha peculiar odour , and producing great irritation whenbreathed. Blea ches blue litmus paper and develops a bluecolou r (star ch iodide) when brought in con tact with paperimbued with a m ixtu re of starch and potassium iodide.

Actions and U ses.— Chiefly employed for disin fecting

the air of Stables and other buildings. Occasionally used as

a therapeu tic in glanders, farcy, and sim ilar afi’

ections, in

which cases it first in creases, but ultimately dimin ishes, thesecretion of the n asa l membrane. I t has a lso been recom

mended a s an an tidote to poison ing by hydrocyan ic acidand sulphuretted hydrogen .

Modes of Application—As an aerial disin fectan t, theappara

tus is to be placed in the stable, &c. the doors and

other Open in gs shou ld be closed for severa l hours duringthe generation of the gas, and afterwards Opened for sometime previously to the entrance of any person .


When the gas is to be inhaled the patien t should beplaced in a loose box, along with the apparatus containingone of the mixtures above described. As soon as the gas

begins to exert its irritatin g effects upon the attendant, heshould withdraw, remove the apparatus, and close the

door of the hex.

Antidotes.— Coughin g, and other symptoms of the irritan t effects of chlorine, may be a llayed by inhaling thevapour of ammon ia , ether , alcohol, or hot water.

VASELIN

VASELI NE

A substan ce of the consisten ce of bu tter , obtained duringthe fractional distillation of rock Oil.

Composition.—Hexadecan e, 0 ,6H 3 4, and other hydro

carbons.

Actions and Uses—I t dissolves iodine,sulphur iodide,

and carbolic acid,it is used as a lubrican t

, and emollien tfor irritable, inflamed, or blisteredmu cous and skin surfaces.I t is nearly free from greasiness, and is n ot oxidisable it

therefore forms a good basis for oin tmen ts. I t is advisableto use the best varieties of vaseline

,a s the cheaper pre

parations, owing to imperfect rectification , frequently causeirritation and even blistering.

VERATRUM

WH ITE H ELLEBORE

The rhizome of Vera trum a lbum . A n ative of themountainous regions of Cen tral and Sou thern Europe.

Natural Order.—Melcm thaceaa.


Take ofFine I ron Wire (about N o. 35) 1oun ce.

Sherry 1pin t.

Macerate for thirty days in a closed vessel, the iron beinga lmost, but not quite, wholly immersed in the wine fre

quently shake the vessel, remove the stopper after eachshak ing, and filter.

Use—Ton ic.

Dose—DOG, l to 4 fluid drachms two or three times a

day.

ZI NCI ACETAS

ACETATE OF ZI NC

Synonym—Zinc Acetate.

Composition.


Carbonate of Zin c 2 ounces.5 oun ces,

Aceti c ACIdor a sufficien cy.

D istilled Water 6 fluid oun ces.

Add the carbonate of zin c in successive portions to threeoun ces of the acetic acid, previously mixed with the waterin a flask heat gently add by degrees the remainder of

the a cid till the carbonate is dissolved ; boil for a few

m inutes, fil ter while hot, and set it aside for two days to

crystallise. Decan t the mother - liquor evapora te to on e

half,and aga in set it aside for two days to crystallise.

Pla ce the crystals (zin c acetate) in a funnel to drain,then

spread them on filtering-

paper on a porous tile, and drythem by exposure to the air at ordinary temperatures.


Carbon icZ'

Carbbl

iic

ate. Acetic Acid. Zinc Acetate. Anhydr ide. Water .

a os 2 C ,H ,O 2 CO 2 H ,O

I n the act of crystallising the salt takes up two moleculesof water .

Characters and Tests— Thin , translu cen t, and colourless crystalline pla tes, Of a pear ly lustre, with a sharp

unpleasan t taste evolving acetic a cid (recogn isable by thecharacteristic odour of its vapour) when

’

decomposed by

sulphuric a cid soluble in wa ter , form ing a solution whichgives a white precipitate (zin c sulphide) with ammon ium

su lphydrate. A dilute aqueous solution shou ld not be

affected by barium chloride (showing the absence of

su lphate) or by silver nitrate (showing the absen ce of

chlor ides) ; and when slightly a cidulated with hydro

chloric acid, it shou ld furn ish no precipitate with sulphu

retted hydrogen .

’

After it has been boiled for a few

m inutes with a little n itric acid (to convert in to ferric saltany ferrous compound that may be presen t), it yields, withammon ia , a white precipitate (zin c hydrate), which is

soluble, withou t colour (if iron be absen t), in an excess of

the reagen t.

Uses—Exter n a lly — Stimu lan t andastringen ttowounds,especially those accompan ied by profuse discharges ; a lso

to allay superficia l inflammation . A wash - leather bandage,saturated with a watery solu tion of acetate of zin c, is usedto reduce the swellings on the legs of hun ters.

Modes of Application —A lotion consisting of twen tyfive to fifty gra ins Of the acetate dissolved in one pin t ofcold water , and applied as soon after the solu tion of the

salt as possible.


ZINGI CARBONAS l

CARBONATE OF ZIN C

Composition—A m ixture or compound of zinc carbonateand Zin c hydrate,Mode of Preparation — Tak e of

Sulphate of Zin c 10 ounces.Carbonate of Soda 105oun ces.

Boiling DistilledWater a sufficien cy.

Dissolve the carbonate of soda with a pint of the waterin a capacious porcela in vessel, and pour in to it the sulphateof zin c, a lso dissolved in a pin t of the water , stirring diligen tly. Boil for fifteen minu tes after efl'

ervescence (escapeof carbon ic anhydride) has ceased, and let the precipitate

(carbonate of zin c, B.P.) subside. Decan t the supernatan tliquid, pour on the precipitate three pin ts of boiling distilled wa ter , agitating brisk ly let the precipitate againsubside , and repeat the processes of afl

'

usion of hot distilledwater and subsiden ce till the washings are no longer precipitated by barium chloride , showing that sulphate of

Zin c is completely removed from the carbonate. Collectthe precipitate on calico

,let it dra in , and dry it wi th a

gen tle hea t.Zinc Sodium Car

i

bona

B

te

1Dof

Sulphate. Carbon ate. Water .

3ZnSO, 3Na.,CO2 2 H,0

Sodium Carbon icSulphate. Anhydride.3N a 2 SO4 2 00 2

1 I n veterinary practice the native greyish -brown Zinc carbonate( calamine) is generally used, after it has been partially pur ified bylevigation . I t is then known as Prepared Calamine.

’


hydrochloric acid, previouslymixed with the water and aid

the action by gently warm ing it on a sand-bath un til gas(hydrogen ) is no longer evolved. Boil for ha lf an hour,

supplying the water lost by evaporation , and allow it to

stand on a cool part of the sand-ba th for twen ty-four hours,stirrin g frequen tly. Filter the product into a gallon bottle,and pour in the solution of chlorin e by degrees, wi th freq uen t agitation (to convert any ferrous chloride in to ferricchloride), un til the fluid acqu ires a permanen t odour of

the gas. Add the carbonate of zinc (to precipitate ironand lead, if present) in small quan tities at a time, and

with renewed agita tion , un til a brown sedimen t (ferrichydra te and lead peroxide) appea rs. Filter through paperin to a porcela in basin , and evaporate un til a portion of the

liqu id, withdrawn on the end of a glass rod and cooled,forms an opaque white solid (zinc chloride). Pour it

now in to proper moulds, and, when the salt has solidified,but before it has cooled, pla ce it in closely stopperedbottles.

ZincChloride. Hydrogen .

ZnCl 2 H 2

CharactersandTests— Colourlessopaque rodsor tablets,very deliquescent and caustic almost entirely soluble inwater , alcohol , and ether The watery solu tion gives a

white precipitate (zin c sulphide) with ammon ium sulphide,showin g the presence of zin c ; also a white p recipitate(silver chlori de) with silver n itrate

, indicating tha t thesalt is a chloride if first acidulated wi th hydrochloric a cid,it is not affected with sulphu retted hydrogen . I ts aqueoussolution should give no precipitate with barium chloride,showing the absence of sulphates or ammon ium oxalate,showing the absen ce of calcium and should not be tingedblue by potassium ferro or ferric cyan ide, showing the

absen ce of iron . Ammonia throws down a whi te precipi .


tate (zin c hydrate), en tirely soluble in an excess of the

reagen t.

Uses— I n the solid state, or in the form of con cen tratedsolution ,

as a caustic and deodor iser in canker,quittor , foot

rot in sheep, fistulas,ill-conditioned wounds

, phagedeen ic

ulcers, luxurian t granu la tions, &c. I n the form of LiquorZinci Chloridi it is applied to wounds as an astringen t,stimu lan t, and an tiseptic to the sk in of horses and dogsas a parasiticide, and in eczema a lso as a dip or washfor ki lling ticks and preven ting the attacks of the fly on

sheep . For deodorising and disin fecting stables, manure

heaps, &c.

Preparation .—Liquor Zinci Chloridi .

ZINGI OXI DUM

OX IDE OF ZIN C

Synonym—Zin c Oxide.

Composition .—Zuo.

Mode of Preparation — Carbonate of zinc is exposedto a du ll red hea t in a loosely covered Hessian crucible,unti l a portion taken from the cen tre of the con tents of

the crucible and cooled no longer effervesces whendroppe

d in to dilute su lphur ic acid, showing tha t theexpulsion of carbon ic anhydride is complete. Let the

crucible cool, and transfer the product (zin c oxide) to a

stoppered bottle.

Zinc Zinc Carbon ic

Carbon ate. Oxide. Anhydr ide.

ZnCO3 ZHO 0 2

Characters andTests—Soft, nearly white, tasteless, and

inodorous powder , becoming pa le yellow when heated.

D issolves withou t efl'

ervescence in dilu ted n itric acid, show

ing absence of carbonate forming a solution which is

3 2 0 VETERINARY PHARMACOPGBIA

not affected by bar ium chloride, showing the absen ce of

chlorides and gives with ammonium carbona te a white

precipitate, zin c carbonate and hydrate, which dissolvesentirely wi thout colour (if iron be absent) in an excess ofthe reagen t, forming a solution which gives a white preci

pitate (zinc su lphide) with ammon ium sulphide, indicatingthe presence of zin c.

Uses—Externa lly —Astr ingent and desiccan t to ichorous u lcers, excoriations, dzc.

Mode of Application — I h the form of powder , and

ointment.

ZI NCI SULPHAS

SU LPHATE OF ZIN C

Synonyms— Zinc Su lphate White Vitriol,Composition.

—ZnSO4.7Aq .


Granu lated Zin c 16 oun ces.

Sulphuri c Acid 12 fluid oun ces.D istilledWater 4 pin ts.

Solution of Chlor ine a suff icien cy.

Carbon a te of Zin c 4}oun ce, or a sufliciency.

Pour the sulphuric acid, previouslymixedwi th the wateron the zin c, con tained in a porcela in basin , and, when efl

’

er

vescence (escape of hydrogen ) has nearly ceased, a id theaction by a gen tle heat. Filter the fluid in to a gallonbottle, and add gradually, with constan t agitation , the

solu tion of chlorine ‘un til the fluid acquires a permanen t

odour of chlor ine. Add now,with continued agitation,

carbon a te of zinc,1 un til a brown precipitate (ferric hy1 The uses of the chlorine water and carbonate of zinc are ex.

plained under Zinci Chloridum .

3 2 2 VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA

Doses.—Tonic -HORSE, I to 2 drachms—CATTLE , 2 to

3 drachms.—SHEEP, 2 0 to 30 grains.

-PI G, 10 to 2 0 grains.

D OG , 2 to 5grains.

Emetic z—PI G, 30 to 50 grains—DOG, 8 to 15gra ins.

Modesof Application.—I n tem a lly

-As a toni c,in the

form of bolus or dissolved in water as an emetic, dissolvedin tepid water. Extern a lly

— I n the state of powder or

dissolved in water , the solution varying in strength fromhalf an ounce to seven oun ces of the salt to a pint of

distilled water, according to the purpose for which the

lotion is requ ired.

I ncompatibles.—Alka lies and their carbonates limewater a cetate of lead nitra te of silver astringen t vegetable in fusion and milk .

Antidotes—Where possible, warm demul cen t drinks, topromote the evacuation of the poison by vomiting.

Preparation - Zinci Carbon as.

ZINCUM GRANULATUM

GRANU LATED ZI NC

Composition—An elemen t, symbol Zn .

Zin c of commerce is heated just suficientlyhigh tomeltis and the fused meta l is poured in a thin stream into a

essel containing abou t two gallons of cold water . The

granulated zinc is to be removed from the water and

dried.

Preparations— Liquor Zinci Chloridi 5Zinci ChloridumZinci Sulphas.

VETERINARY PHARMACOH EIA 3 2 3

ZI NGIBER

GINGER

The scraped and dried rhizome of Z ingiber oficina le

obta ined from plants cultivated in the West I ndies, I ndia ,and other countr ies.

Natural order .—Z inyibem cew.

Composition— I tsmedicinal properties are attribu ted tothe vola tile oil, which, according to Thrush, is a compl

mixture of hydrocarbons and products of their oxidation .

Characters.—I rregularly lobed decorticated pieces, three

or four in ches long, subcompressed, yellowish white,‘

but

not chalk y, on the surface has a short mealy fracture, hottaste, and agreeable aroma . Powder yellowish-white.

Actions and Uses.—Stimulant, stomachic, carm inative,and ton ic. Given in flatulent colic and debility of the

stomach and intestines also combined wi th cathartics toin crease their a ctivity and to preven t griping.

DOSeS. —HORSE , 2 to 4 drachms— CATTLE, 2 to 6

drachms.—SHEEP, to 2 drachms— PI G, to 1 drachm.

Doc, 10 to 30 grains.

Mode of Application—I n the form of bolus, or as

Tinctura Zingiberis.

Preparations—Massa Aloes Syrupus Rhamn i Tinctura.Zingiberis.

PHYSOSTI GMI NA

PHYSOSTI GMI NE

Synonym.—Eserine.

Composition—C15112 1N 30 2 .

Mode of Preparation — Obtained from the a lcoholicextract of Ca labar bean , by dissolving the extra ct in water,adding sodium bicarbonate, shak ing the mixturewith ether ,and evaporating the etherea l liquid.

Characters and Tests— An a lka loid which occurs incolourless or pinkish crysta ls, slightly soluble in water, butreadily soluble in alcohol and in dilu te a cids.The aqueous solution when warmed with, or when

shaken with, dilute solu tion of potash becomes red and

when evaporated to dryn ess over a wa ter -ba th leaves a

blu ish residue, the a cidi fied solu tion of which is bea utifullydichroic, being blue and red.

Action and Usca— Hypodermica lly, as sulpha te or

sa licyla te of eserin the salicyla te is preferable, as itkeeps for a much longer period.For therapeutic a ction see Physostigmatis Semen .

Doses.—H OBSE , 2 to 3 gra ins—DOG, 513 tofiof a.grain .

Hypodermica lly, one ha lf these doses.

3 2 8 ADDENDA

EXTRACTUM PHYSOSTI GMATI S

EXTRACT or CALABAR BEAN

Mode of Preparation .

Calabar Bean in N o. 40 powder 1poundRectified Spirit 4 pints.

Macerate the bean for forty-eight hours with one pin tof the spirit in a closed vessel, agitating occasiona lly thentransfer to a percolator , and when the fluid ceases to passadd the remainder of the spirit, so tha t it may slowly percolate through the powder . Subject the residue of the

bean to pressure, adding the expressed liquor to the productof the percolation filter, di stil off most of the spir it, andevaporate what is left in the retor t by a water -bath to the

consistence of a soft extract.

Preparation .-Physostigmine or Eserine.

Uses— See Physostigmatis Semen .

SYMBOLS AND ATOMI C WEI GHTS OF THE

ELEMENTARY BODI ES MENTI ONED I N TH I S

WORK.

E lementary Bodies. AtomicWeights.

Antimony (Stibium )Arsen icBar ium

Bismuth

BoronBrom ineCadmium

CalciumCarbon

Chlorin eChrom ium

Copper (Cuprum)Gold (Aurum)Hydrogen

I odin e

Lead (Plumbum )Magnesium

Manganese

Mercury (Hydrargyrum )NitrogenOxygen

Phosphorus

PlatinumPotassium (Kalium)Silver (Argentum)Sodium (Natrium)SulphurTin (Stannum)Zinc

3 3 2 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

WEI GHTS AND MEASURES OF THE BRI TI SH

PHARMACOH E I A ’

WE I GHTS

grains

16 ounces 7000

MEASURE S OF CAPACI TY

1Minim min .

1Fluid Drachm fl. drm . 60 m in ims

1Fluid Ounce fl . oz . 8 fluid drachms

1Pint O. 2 0 fluid ounces1Gallon C. 8 pints

MEASURE S or LENGTH

1line 115 inch

1inch m second pendulum12 inches 1foot36 3 feet 1yard

Length of pendulum vibrating seconds ofmean tim e in the latitude of London , inchesin a vacuum at the level of the sea

RELATI ON OF MEASU RES TO WEI GHTS

1Min im is the measure of 09 1grain of water1F luid Drachm grains of water1Fluid Ounce 1oun ce or 4375

12 5pound or 87500

1Gallon 10 pounds or 700000

Although the drachm of sixty grains is discardedby the Editorsof the B ri tish Pharmacopwia , the Author has retained it in the

body of hiswork in consequence of itsbeing a convenient, commonlyemployed.andwell-known quantity in Veterinary Medicine.

3 34 WEI GHTS AND MEASURES

RELATI ON OF MEASURES OF CAPACI TY OF THE BRI TI SH

PHARMACOP(E I A TO THE METRI CAL MEASURES

1Gallon 4 543487 litres1Pint or 5679 36 cubic centimetres1F luid Ounce 00 2 8396 2 83 96

1Flui d Drachm 0 003549 3 549

I Minim 00 00059 00 59

RELATI ON OF THE METRI CAL WEI GH TS TO THE WE I GHTS OF THE

BRI TI SH PHARMACOPOEIA

1Milligramme grains

1Centigramme 01543 2

1D ecigramm e l '543 2

1Gramm e 154 3 2

1Ki logramme 2 lbs. 3 oz . grs. or 15432 348

RELATI ON OF THE METRI CAL MEASURE S TO THE MEASURES OF

THE BRI TI SH PHARMACOPG IA

1Millimetre inches1Centimetre 03 9371

1Decimetre 3 93708

1Metre 3 93 7079 or 1yard 3 7 in ches1Cubic Centimetre grain-measures

1Litre 1pint 15 oz . 2 drs. 11m . or 1543 2 348 grain-measures

3 38 I NDEx To VETERI NARY MEDI CI NES

Anodynes ( a , a , privative, and 566m, odwné , pain ) .—Agentswhicha llay or dimin ish pain .

E ther.

Enema Opl l .

Extractum Aconiti.Hyoscyami .

Hyoscyam i Folia .

Lin imentum Aconiti .Belladonna .

Camphorae.

Chloralis Hydratis.

Chloroformi .

Opii .

Op ium.

Sp iritus E theris.

Sp iritus E theris N itrosi .Camphoraa.

Chloroformi .

Syrupus Papaveris.

Tinctura Aconiti .Belladonna .

Chloroformi composita .

Hyoscyami .

Opii .

U nguentum Aconiti .Gallae.

cum Op io.

Unguentum Veratrias.

Antacids a/nti , against, and acidm , acid) .—Agents whichneutralise acidity.

Ammon ias Carbonas.

Calcis Carbonas.

Ca lx.

Creta Prseparata .

Liquor Ammonia .

Ca lcis.

Saccharatus.

Magnesia .

Magnesias Carbonas.

Mistura Cretaa.Potassae Bicarbonas.

Carbonas.

Sapo D urus.

Mollis.

Sodae Bicarbonas.

Carbonas.

exsiccata .

Spiritus Ammonia Aromaticus.

Antemetics (duf f, a/nti , against, and ép ermd, emeti kéz , from e’

p e’

m,

emeo, I vomit) .—Agentswhich check or allay vom ition .

Acidum Ca rbolicum .

Hydrocyan icum .

Bismuthi Subnitratis.

Caryophyllum.

Creasotum.

Magnesia .

Magn esia Carbonas.

Anthelmintics (am, anti , aga inst, and Q u ays, helmim , a worm) .

Agentswh ich k ill , expel, or prevent the return of worms.

Aloes.Areca; Semina .

Cambogia .

Cusso.

Enema Aloes.

Etheris.

Quassias.

Enema Sodii Chlor idi .

Terebinthinae.

Fil ix Mas.

Kamala .

Oleum Terebinth inaa.

Santonin .

Sodii Chlor idum .

I NDEX TO VETERI NARY MEDI CI NES 3 39

Antidotes (am , m t, against, and Sitcom, didami , I give) .—Agentswhich countera ct the injurious effects of poisons.

Antilithics (aw l, anti , against, and M003 , lithos, a stone) .—Agentswhich dissolve or prevent the formation of calculi and urinarydeposits.

Acidum Hydrochloricum dilu Acidum N itro-hydrochloricnm

tum . dilutum.

N itricum dilutum.

Antiparasitics (dw i, anti , against, and i rapai

m'r os, p an-mime, a

parasite) .— Agents which prevent the attacks of , or destroyparasites.

Acidum Arsen iosum. Soda Arsenias.

Carbolicum . Su lphur Sublimatum .

Sulphurosum. Sulphuris I odidum .

Decoctum Tabaci . U nguentum Hydrargyri Ammo

Liquor Ca lcis Chlorata . n ieti.Oleum An isi . Sulphuris.

Sapo Durus. I odidi .

Mollis.

Antiperiodics (am t, anti , against, and “epics”, p er iodos, a period) .

Agentswh ich counteract periodicity in disease , eg. in inter

m ittent fever.

Acidum Arsen iosum. Liquor Arsen ici Hydrochlori ci .Cinchona Flava Cortex.

-Sodi i Arsen iatis.

Pallida Cortex. Piper Nigrum .

Rubra Cortex.Quinia Sulphas.

Decoctum Cinchona Flava . Sodi i Salicylas .

Liquor Arsen icalis.

Antiphlogisti cs (am, anti , aga inst, and ¢Aéyw, p hlegmI burn).

Agentswhich counteract inflammation. See Sedatives.

Antiseptics (a wl, anti , again st, and anm rxé s, sép ti kos, putrefying) .Agen ts

which prevent, retard, or arrest putrefaction .

Acidum Arseniosum.Creasotum.

Aceticum dilutum.Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici.

Carbolicum.Liquor Acidi Ca rbolici .

Sulph urosum .Sodi i Chloridi.

Cataplasma Fermenti . Zinci Chloridum.

Cerevisia Fermentum.Sulphas.

340 I NDEX TO VETERINARY MEDI CI NES

An tispasmodies(aw l, anti , against, and mraorpds, 311m m, 3 spasm

Agentswhich prevent or allay the irregular muscular contrac»

tion called spasm or cramp .

E ther.

Assafcetida.

Belladonna Folia .

Cannabis I ndica .

Chloralis Hydras.Chlorodyne.

Chloroformum.

Gupt i Sulphas.Enema Assafoatida .

Taba ci .Terebinthina .

Extractum Belladonna .

Extractum Hyoscyami .

I pecacuanha .

Spiritus E theris.

Sp ir itus E theris Nitrosi .Ammonia Aromaticus.

Fa tidus.

Chloroformi.

Tinctura Asafa tida .

Belladonna .

Chloroformi composita.

Op ii .

Unguentum Belladonna .

Aperients (ap erto, to open ) . -Agents which act gently on the

bowels, so as to cause mild purgation . See Laxatives.Aromatics (sp., a/ri , intensely, and 02 6, to smell) .—Agents

possessing an agreeable taste and odour .

Anethi Fructus.Carui Fructus.

Cascarilla Cortex.

Coriandri Fructus.Cumini Fructus.

Enema Assafoetida .

Fenugreek .

I nfusum Digitalis.

Mistur a Greta .

Oleum Mentha Piperita .

Caryophylli .

Pim enta .

Piper N igrum .

Sp iritus E theris Nitrosi.Chloroformi .

Tinctura Zingiberis.

Arterial Sedatives._ Agentswhich lower the action of the heart

and of the vascular system .

Digitalis and its preparations. Plumbi Acetas.

Astringents (ad , to, and stringo, I bind) .—Agentswhich cause a

contraction of muscu lar tissue, promote the coagulation of

a lbuminous flu ids, and check secretion .

Acetum.

Acidum Carbolicum.

Gellicum .

Sulphuricum dilutum.

Tannicum.

Alumen .

Borax.

Calcis Hydras.

Calx.

Catechu.

Pallidum.

Chlorodyne.

Cin chona Flava Cortex.

Creasotum.

Gupt i Sulphas.

Ferri Peroxidum humidum.

342 INDEX TO VETERINARY MEDICINES

creasing the secretingpower of the liver and the flowof bile intothe intestines. I t is probable , however , that they simply causean emptying of the gall-bladder . They also induce purgation .

Aloes. Hydrargyrum cum Greta.

Hydrargyr i Subchloridum .

Corrosives.—See Caustics.

Counterirr itants.—See I rritants.

Demulcents (demu lceo, to soften) . —See Emollients.

Deobstruents (dc, from ,and obstmw, I stop up ) . —Agents which

remove any obstruction in the body.

Magnesia; Sulphas.Potassii I odidum .

Deodor isers ( ale, from ,and odor , a scent) .—Agents which absorb

or decompose fetid efiiuvia. SeeAntiseptics and Disinfectants.

Desiccants (desicco, to dry up) .— Agentswhich dry up mucous discharges and purulent secretions from ulcers and wounds.

Calcis Carbonas. Plumbi Acetas.Hydras. Subacetas.

Calx. Unguen tum Plumbi Aestatis.

Catechu Subacetatis.

Creta Praeparata . Potassae Sulphuratze .

Liquor Ca lcis. Zinci .

Magnesiae Carbonas. Zinci Oxidum .

Diaphoreti cs diap km o, to throw ofi) . —Agents whichincrease th e action of the skin , and produce sweating, but in a

m ilder degree than sudorifics.

Disinfectants (dis, indicating separation , and inficio , I infect) .Agents which render infectious matter inert .

Acidum Arsen iosum . Cataplasma Calcis Ch lorate .

Carbolicum. Carbonis.

N itricum . Liquor Calcis Chloratae.

Sulphurosum . Potassse Permanganas.

Ca lx Chlorata . Vapor Chlori .Carbo Lign i . Zinci Chloridum.

INDEX To VETERINARY MEDICINES 343

Diuretics ( Sui , data , through , and otpéw, oureo, I mak e

Agents which cause an increased secretion and discharge of

urine.

Colch ici Cormus. Potassas Carbonas.

Semina . Chloras.Digitalis Folia . Nitras.

Extractum Digitalis. Resina .

Liquor Ammoniae Acetatis. Sodas Acetas.Magnesi as Sulphas. Bicarbonas.

Oleum Terebinthinze . Carbonas.

Pix Burgundica . Spiritus E ther-is Nitrosi .Potassa; Acetas. Terebinthina Canadensis.

Bicarbonas. Tinctura Digi talis.

Drastic Purgatives (Bpaw mé s, drasti kos, efiective, powerful).Violent catha rtics, which produce speedy and copious eva

ouations.

Cambogia . Oleum Terebinthime .

Jalapa . Rhamni Succus.

Oleum Croton is. Terebinthina Canadensis.

Ecbolics (a , ck, out of, and sa w , ba llo, I throw) .—Agentswhichcause the uterus to contract and expel its contents.

Ergota.I nfusum Ergotae .

Emetics ( e’

p e—rwd, ometi ka ,

’

from ép e’

m, m eo, I vom it - Agents

which cause vomition .

Antimonium Tartaratum.

Cupri Sulphas.

I pecacuanha .

Emollients (emollio, to soften ) .—Agentswhich soften the part towhich they are applied,

and diminish irritation . When used

internally to protect the mucousmembranes of the alimentarycana l from the action of irritants, they are termed Demuloentr.

Acaciae Gummi . Glycerinum .

Adeps Praeparatus.I nfusum Lin i.

Albumen Ovi . Lini Farina .

Amylum .Semina .

Cera Flava.Mucilago Acacia-h

Collodium.Oleum Olivaa.

Flexile.Sevum Praeparatum.

344 INDEX To VETERINARY MEDICINES

Epispastics (emu-! dc , ep isp ao, to draw to) .—Agents wh ich , when

applied to the skin , produce a vesicle or blister.Acetum Can tharidis. Linimentum Crotonis.

Acidum Aceticum Glacia le. Mylabris.Cantharis. Unguentum Cantharidis.Lin imentum Cantharidis. Mylabridis:

Escharotics ( écxapdw, escharofi, to scab over) .—See Caustics.

Excitants (excitam , exciting, stimulating) .—See Stimulan ts.

Febr ifuges (febr is. a fever , and fugn, to drive away) . -Agentswhich moderate or abate the violence of fevers.

Haematinics (afpd‘rwa , hm atina , the red colouring matter of the

blood) .—Preparations of iron ,which increase the number of redcorpuscles in the blood.

Cambogia . Ferri Sulphas.Ferri Carbonas Saccharata. Manganesii Oxidum Nigrum.

I odidum. Pi lula Hydrargyr i et Ferri .Peroxi dum humidum .

Hemostatics ( atri a, Mime.blood, and an ion , stasis, a standing).

See Styptics.

Hydragogues (88am, kudé r ,water , and dym-y6s, expeller) .Catharticswhich have the power of causing a very large secretion of fluid from the mucousmembrane of the intestines.

Hypnotics ( ii-prim, kup nos, Narcotics.

I rritants ( irr ito, to excite) -Agentswhich stimulate and

the sk in or other parts to which they are app lied. See

tives, Rubefacients, Epispastics, and Pustulants.

Laxatives ( lasso, to loosen) . -Mild cathartics.Aloes. Oleum Ricini .Jalapa . Potassae Sulphas.Magnesia . Rhamni Succus.

Magnesias Carbonas. Rhei Radix.

Sulphas. Sodas Sulphas.Oleum Lini . Sulphur Sublimatum .

Olives. Theriaca.


Sedatives (redo, to allay) . —Agents wh ich depress nervous powerW ithout previously exa lting it

Acidum Carbolicum .

Hydrocyanicum dil utum .

Aconiti Folia .

Radix.

Antimon ii Oxidum.

Antimon ium Tartaratum.

Belladonna Folia.

C amphora .

Colch ici Cormus.

Semina .

Creasote .

D igita lis Folia .

Extractum Aconiti.Belladonnas.

Sialagogues (c'inh ov, sidlon , sa li va , and dyes , ago, I 1ead) .—Agentswhich promote or increase the secretion of saliva .

Antimon ium Tartaratum.

Hydrargyri Subchloridum.

Hydrargyrum cum Greta.

I odine.

Potassi i I odidum .

Sinap is.

Z ingiber.

Soporifics (sop ofr , a heavy sleep , andf ero, to bring) .—See Narcotics.

Stimulants (stimulo, to excite) .—Agents which rapidly, but transien tly, excite the nervous system to increased activity, andwhich , as a conseq uence, induce a more energetic performanceof the functions of the whole body.

Acidum Aceticum dilutum .

Hydrochloricum dilutum .

Ammon iae Carbonas .

Ammon ii Chloridum .

Arnicaa Radix.

Assafaetida .

Cantharis.

Capsici Fructus.Cardamomum .

Catechu Pallidum.

Chloralis Hydras.

Chloroform .

GentianaeRadix.

I nfusum Cinchona; Flava .

I nfusum Gentianm compositum.

Nux Vomica .

Pimenta .

Rhei Radix.

Sinapis.

Spiri tus Chloroformi .

Rectificatus.

tenu ior .

Tinctura Aloes composita .

Chloroform i composita .

Cinchona F lavae.

Gen tianm composita .

Zingiber.

Alcoholic Beverages.

Hydrargyri Subchloridum .

Hyoscyami Folia .

I pecacuanha .

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis.Op ium .

Plumbi Acetas.

Spiritus Camphorae.Syrupus Papaveris.

Tinctura Acon iti .Camphora composita .

Op ii .

Zimei Oxidum.

Ether Spray .

I NDEX TO VETERINARY MEDICINES 347

Styptics ( un i

que , stup ka, I restrain) . —Agentswhich arrest bleeding.

Acidum Aceticum dilutum.

Carbolicum.

Gallicum .

Tannicum.

Alumen .

Catechu .

Collodium Haemostaticum.

Cupri Sulphas.

Ergota .

Ferri Sulphas.Galla .

Gossypium .

I nfusum Ergotaa.

Liquor Ca lcis.

Ferri Perchlor idi fortior .

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis.Myrrha .

Plumbi Acetas.

Carbonas.

Quercus Cortex.

Spir itus Rectificatus.

Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi.Gallae.

Myrrhm.

Zinci Acetas.

Carbonas.

Oxidum.

Sulphas.

Cold Applications.

Sudorifics (sudm'

, to sweat , andfio, to become) .— Agentswhich increase the exhalant functions of the sk in , and produce swea ting.

Ammonia Carbonas.

Antimon ii Oxidum.

Camphora .

Hyoscyami Folia .

I pecacuanha .

L iquor Ammon ia .

Acetatis.

Oleum ’

l‘

erebin thinm.

Potassae N itras.Pu lvis Antimon ialis.

I pecacuanha compositus.

Spiritus E ther-is N itrosi .

Camphorae .

Sulphur Praecipitatum .

Terebinthina Canadensis.

Tonics (Tefvm, teino, to stretch, the quality of muscular fibre in an

active state) .—Agentswh ich gradually improve the conditionand functions of the digestive organs, so as to enable the

system to acq u ire increased vigour.

Acidum Hydrochlor icum dilutum .

N itricum dilutum .

Sulphuricum dilutum.

Aloes.

An themidis Flores.Argenti Nitras.

Cerevisiae Fermentum .

Cinchona Flavae Cortex.

Cupri Sulphas.

Decoctum Cinchona Flava .

Ferri Carbonas Saccharata.

I odidum .

Peroxidum Hydratum .

Sulphas.Gentianw Radix.

I nfusum Cinchona Flavas.Gentianaa compositum.


Tonia—continued.

I edum.

Liquor Ferri Perchloridi .Quiniw Sulphas.

Ebei Radix.

Sodii Chloridum.

Tinctura Cantharidis.

Cinchona. Flava .

Traumaties( f paiip a, trauma , a

Collodium.

Myrrh .

vermicides (vermis, aworm , and ce de , to kill) .—SeeAn thelmintics.

Vermifuges (vermin, a worm, and f ugo, to drive away).—SeeAnthelmintics.

Vesicants (vas, a vessel, a bladder) .—See Ep isPastice.

Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi .Gentiana composita .

Myr rha .

Nucis Vomicaa.

Vinum Ferri .Zinci Acetas.

Sulphas.

wound) .—Agents applied towounds.Tinctura Aloes composita.

U nguentum Terebinthinas.

Zinci Oxidum.

350 I NDEX

Acidum Gallicum

Hydrochloricum

dilutum

Hydrocyanicum dilutum

Nitricum

dilutum

Nitro-hvdrochloricum dilu

Phosphoricum concentratum

dilutum

Salicylicum

Su lphuricum

dilutum

Sulphurosum

Tann icum

Aconite LeavesExtract ofOintment of

RootTincture of

Aconiti , ExtractumFolia .

Radix

Tinctura

Unguen tum

AconitiaAcon itinaAcon itineAdeps Pra paratus

zE rugin is, Unguentum

Lin imentum

E rugo

E ther

E theris, Spiritus

N itrici , SpiritusN itrosi , Sp iritus

Sulphurici , Spir itus

Albumen , EggOvi

Alcohol EthylicPhenylic

Aloe BarbadensisCapensis

Socotrina

Aloes, Ba rbadoesCape

Enema of

Liquoret Soda Carbonatis

Massa

compositaSocotrineSolution of

and Carbonate of

Soda

Tinctura , compositaTincture of , Compound

AloinAllspiceAl terative MassAlumAmmonium

BurnedCompound Ointment ofD ried

Oin tment of , CompoundPotassium

Solution of

Alumen

Exsiccatum

Alumin is, LiquorUnguentum compositum

Am ido-ch loride of MercuryAmmonia Acetate, Solution

of

Lotion of

Aromatic Spirit ofCarbonate of

Ch loride ofFetid Spirit ofMixtureMuriate ofSolution of

3 7

2 98

35

157

35

37

158

2 98

136

I NDEX

PAGEAmmonia , Strong Solution of 161

Ammon iacum 37

Gum 37

Ammonia Acetatis, Liquor 159

Lotio 183

Aromatious Sp ir itus 2 71

Carbonas 38

Foetidus Spiritus 2 71

Fortior Liquor 161

Lin imentum 149

Liq uor 158

Mistura 195

Ammon iated Mercury 136

Mustard Poultice 76

Ammonii Chloridum 40

Chloridi et Camphora ,

Lotioet Potassa h itratis

LotioAmmon ium AlumCh lorideLotion of

Lotion of , andPotassiumN itrateand Camphor

Amyl NitrisNitr ite

Amyli Mucilago

AmylumAnhydride, ArseniousSulphurous

Anise FruitOil of

An iseed

An isi FructusOleum

Anthemidis FloresAntich lorAntifebrin 1

Antimon ii Chloridi , Liquor 162

Oxidum 44

Tartarati composita ,Massa 191

351

PAGEAntimonii Tartarati Cuguen

tum

Liquor

Antimon ious Ch loride , Solution of

Oxide

Su lphideAntimon ium Nigrum

Tartaratum

Antimony, BlackBu tter ofChlor ide of, Solution of

Ointmen t of Tartarated

Oxide of

Solution of TartaratedCh lor ide of

Terchloride ofTartaratedCompound Mass of

Solution of

Terchloride, Solution of

Teroxide

TersulphideTr ichlorideTrioxide

TrisulphideAntipyr inApomorphine

Aq ua CalcisDestillata

Fortis,

Mentha PiperitaRegia, D iluted

Areca NutSeeds

Areca SeminaArgenti N itrasN itratis, Liquor

UnguentumArn ica RootTincture of

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia

162

44

46

46

46

46

162

162

2 98

44

163

162

162

46

191

163

162

46

46

162

44

46

2 00

167

49

16

50

18

50

50

50

51

l 642 98

53

2 86

2 71

352 INDEX

PAGEArsenic, Hydrochloric Solu

tion of

Ointment ofWhite

Arsen ical SolutionArsenicalis, Liq uor

Arsen ici Hydrochloricus, Liq uor

Unguentum

Arsen ious AcidAnhydride

AssafoetidaEnema of

Assafoetida , Enema

Astr ingent Mass

Atropia

Atrop ina

Atropine

Axungia

Flu id

BALLS (see Mass)Balsam, Canada

of Peru

Balsamum PeruvianumBarbadoes AloesBean , Calabar .

Belladonna , Extract ofLeaves

Belladonna , Compound Mass

of

RootBelladonna , ExtractumFoliaMassa compositaRadix

BenzoinBenzoinum

Betel NutBlack AntimonyH ellebore, Ointment ofMercuria l Lotion

Black PepperPitch

Wash

Blistering FlyCh inese FlyOintment

Blue Oin tmentPill, FerruginateStoneVitriol

Boli (see Mass)BoraxBran Pou lticeBritish GumBuchu FoliaLeaves

Buckthorn JuiceSyrup of

Burgun dy PitchBurnett’s, Sir William ,

Butter of Antimony

CALABAE BeanCalamineCa lcii Ch loridum

Ca lcis, Aq uaCh lorata , Liq uor

U nguentum

HydrasLin imentum

LiquorCalcium CarbonateChlor ideChloride of

HydrateHypoch lori teOxide

Oxide of

Ca lomelCa lumba RootCalumba Radix

354 INDEX

Cerevisia FermentumChalkMercury withMixture, CompoundPrepared

Chamomile FlowersCharcoal PoulticeWood

Chinese Blistering FlyChloral HydrateHydras

Chloric EtherChlorinated Lime

PoulticeChlorine gasChlorodyneCh loroformChloroform mixture, Com

pound

Chloroform , Spirit ofTincture of , Compound

Chloroformi, Spiri tus

Mistura HydrocyanataTinctura , composita

Chloroformum

Cinchona Bark , PaleRed

YellowI nfusion of YellowTincture of Yell ow

Cinchona Flava CortexI nfusumTinctura

Pallida CortexRubra Cortex

Cinnamon

Cinnamomum

Citrine OintmentClovesCocaineCod Liver OilColchici Cormus

Colchici SeminaSem in is Tinctura

Colchicum Corm

Seeds

Tincture ofCollodionFlexibleHamostatic

CollodiumFlexil eHa mostaticum

ColocynthColocyn this

Common MassSa lt

Compound Chalk MixtureI nfusion of Gentian

Lin im ent of Ammoniaof Creasoteof I odine

of Soap .

of TurpentineMass of Aloes

of Belladonnaof Catechuof D igital isof Ginger

of Resin

of TartaratedAntimonyOin tment of Carbolic Acid

of Alum

of Mer curyof I odi ne

of SulphurPowder of Carbonate of

Zincof I pecacuanhaof Opium

of Rhubarb

of Su lphate of I ron— Solution of Sulphate of

Copper

192

191

2 97

2 98

303

305

308

I NDEX 355

PAGECompound Spirit of Perchlo

ride of MercuryTin cture of Aloes

Condy’

s FluidConfectio Rosa Ga llicaConfection of Roses

Con i i , TincturaFructus, Tinctura

Cooling LotionCopper, Ammon io-Sulphate

of

Compound Solution of Sul

phate of 170

Diacetate of 99

I odide of 98

with I odine 98

Lin iment of Subacetate of 152of Sulphate of 153

Mass of Sulphate of 193

Subacetate of 99

Lin iment ofSu lphate ofSu lphate , Compound Solution of

Liniment ofMass of

Solution of

Copperas

Cordia l MassSheep and Ca lves’

Coriandri FructusCoriander FruitSeed

Cor rosive SublimateCotton WoolCough BallCreasoteCompound Liniment ofMixtureOintment of

Creasoti compositum., Lini

mentum

Creasoti UnguentumCreasotum

CretaPra para ta

Hydrargyrum cum

Creta composita , MisturaCrocusCroton Bea nsOil

Liniment ofSeeds

Tincture ofCrotonis, OleumLinimentum

Semina

Tiglii Sem ina

TincturaCumin FruitCum ini FructusCupri Ammon io-SulphasI odidum cum I odo

Subacetas

Subacetatis, Linimentum

UnguentumSulphatis Massa

Linimentum

Liquor

Compositus, Liquor

SulphasCupric SulphateCusso

DANDELI ON

Decoctum TabaciDecoct ion of TobaccoDigestive OintmentD igitalinDigitalinumDigitalis composita , MassaExtract ofExtractum

356 INDEX

PAGEDigitalis Folia 104

Leaves 104

D initro-cellulose 2 46

D ip , Sheep 165

D iscutient Lotion 184

DistilledWater 49

Diuretic Mass 194

Dover‘s Powder, Factitious 2 44

EGG Albumen 3 2

Emetic, Tartar 46

Emplastrum Picis 105

Enema Aloes 106

of Aloes 106

Assafcetida 106

of Assafa tida 106

Magnesia Sulphatis 106

Opii 107

of Opium 107

of Sulphate of Magnesia 106

Tabaci 107

Terebinthina 107

of Tobacco 107

of Turpentime 107

Epsom Salts 188

Ergot 107

I nfusion of 140

Liquid Extract of 113

of Rye 107

Tincture of 2 91

Ergota 107

Ergota , Extractum, liquidum 113

I nfusum 140

Tinctura 2 91

Eserine 3 2 7

Ether 30

Chlori c 2 72

EthylicSpirit of

of N itrousSulphuric

Ethylic Ether

Ethyli c OxideEuca lyptusEuphorbium

Extract of Aconiteof Belladonnaof D igitalisof I ndian HempLiqu id, of Ergotof Male FernGoulard

’

s

of Hyoscyamusof Physostigmine

Extractum AconitiBelladonnaCannabisl ndiea

Digita lisErgota LiquidumFilieis LiquidamHyoscyami

Physostigmatis

FACT I TI OU S Dover’sPowderJames

’

s PowderFeculaFern , Male

Liquid Extract ofShield

RootFerri Carbonas SaccharataI odidum

Perchloridi Fortior , LiquorTinctura

Peroxidum Humidum

Hydr atum

Persulphatis, Liquor

Pi lula Hydrargyr i etProtosulphas

Sesquichloridi , TincturaSulphasSulphatisCompositus,PulvMassa

358 INDEX

Hydrargyri Perchloridum

Pi lula , et FerriPrecipitatum AlbumSubchloridum

SulphasUnguentum

compositum

HydrargyrumAmmon iatum

cum Creta

Hydrate Acet icHydroch lor ic Acid

D iluteSolution of Arsen ic

Hydrocyanic Acid, D i lutedHydrogen -Potassium Carbon

ate

Hyoscyami FoliaHyoscyamus Leaves

I N FU SI ON of Calumbaof CatechuCompound, of Gentianof Ergot

of Kousso

of Linseed

of Tobac coof Yellow Cinchona

I nfusum CalumbaCatechuCinchona FlavaCusso

Ergota

Gentiana compositum

Lin i

TabaciI odi , compositum,

Lin imen

tum

Linimentum

Liquor

I odi et Potassn I odidi,Liquor

TincturaUnguentu

compositum

I odine

Compound Lin iment oiOintment of

Ointment ofCompound

Solution of , and I odide of

Pota ssium

Tincture of

I odoformI odoformum

I odolI odum

I pecacuanhaCompound Powder of

Powder of,Compound

I pecacuanha compositus,

Pulvis 2 44

I ron 12 1

I odide of 117

Mercurial Pill with 2 19

Moist Peroxide of 118

Hydrated Peroxide of 118

Perchlor ide of , Strong So

lution of

Tincture of

Pill of Mercury andProtosulphate ofSaccharated Carbonate

of

Solution of Perchloride ofStrong .

Strong Solution of Perchlo

ride of

Sulphate ofCompound Powder ofMass of 194

Tincture of Perch loride of 2 92

Wine of 118

I NDEX

PAGEJALAP

JalapaJames’s Powder, FactitiousJecoris Aselli

, OleumJuice, BuckthornJuniper, Oil ofJuniperi , Oleum

LARD, Hog

’

s

Prepared

Laudanum

Lead AcetateAcetate ofDiacetate, Solution of

Di luted Solution of Sub

acetate of 175

Liniment of Subacetate of 155

Monoxide 2 2 4

Protoxide of 2 2 4

Subacetate of , Lin iment of 155Solution of 174

Subacetate of, Di luted Solution of 175

Solution of D iacetate of 174

Di luted 175

and Opium 176

Sugar of 2 2 3

Leaf Tobacco 2 82

Light Magnesia 186

Carbonate of Magnesia 186

Lime 63

Carbonate of 93

Ch loride of 64

Solution of 168

359

PAGELime, Solution of Chlorinated 64Lin iment ofSlakedSolution of

Ch loride ofChlorinatedHypochlorite of

Lin i FarinaI nfusumOleumSemina

L iniment of Aconiteof Ammonia

Compound

Camphor

Compound

of Cantharidesof Carbolic AcidCompound, of Ammonia

of Soapof Turpentine

Compound, of I odine

of Creasote, Compoundof Croton Oil

'

of I odine, Compound

of Lime

of Op ium

of Subacetate of CopperLead

of Sulphate of Copperof Tar

Compound

of Turpentineof Verdigris

Linimentum Acidi Carboli ciAconitiE ruginis

Ammonia

compositum

Ca lcisCamphora .

150

61

167

64

64

64

167

147

141

2 09

148

148

149

149

150

150

151

148

149

155

155

153

151

152

153

150

154

152

155

153

154

154

155

152

148

148

152

149

149

150

150

3 60 INDEX

PAGE rAcn

Linimentum Camphora com

positumCantharidis

Creasoti Compositum

Crotonis

Cupri Subacetatis 152

Sulphatis 153

Hydrargyri compositum 153

I odi 153

compositum 153

Olei Picis Liquida compositum

Opi i

PicisLiquidaPlumbi Subacetatis

Saponis compositum

Terebinthinacompositum

Linseed

I nfusion of

MealOil

PoulticeTea

Liquor Acidi Carboli ciAloes

et Soda Carbonatis

Aluminis

Ammonia

Acetatis

FortiorAntimon ii Chloridi

Tartarati

Argenti NitratisArsen icalis

Arsen ici ChloridiHydrochloricus

CalcisChlorata

Cantharidis Terebinth in

atus

Liquor Copri Sulphatis compositus 170

Ferri Perchloridi Fortior 170

Persulphatis 171

Hydrargyri Perchloridi 172

I odi 173

et Potassn I odidi 173

Morphina Acetatis 173

Hydrochloratis 174

Plumbi D iacetatis 174

Subacetatis 174

di lutus 175

et Op ii 176

Potassa 176

Arsenitis 164

N itratis 178

Permanganatis 178

Potassa Sulphurata 178

Soda 179

StrychniaZinol Chloridi 181

Zinci Sulphatis 182

L itharge 2 2 4

Liver of Sulphur 2 2 7

Lotio Acidi Carboli ci 183

Ammonia Acetatis 183

-Ammon i i Chloridi et Cam

phora 184

et Potassa Nitratis 184

Discutiens 184

185

Nigra 185

Refr igerans 184

Lotion of Acetateof Ammonia 183Black Mercurial 185

of Carboli c Acid 183

of Chloride of Ammoniumand Camphor 184

and N itrate of Potash 184Cooling 184

D iscutient 184

YellowMercurial 185

362 INDEX

Mercury, Perch loride ofCompound Spirit of

Ointment ofSolution of

Persulphate ofPill of , and I ronProtochloride ofRed I odide of

Ointmen t ofOxide of

Spirit of Perchloride of

Compound 2 73

Subchloride of 13 2

Sulphate of 134

Methylated Spirit 2 73

Mindererus’s Sp irit 159

Mistura Ammon ia 195

Creasoti 195

Creta composita 196

Ricini 196

Mixture, Ammon ia . 195

Castor Oil 196

Cha lk , Compound 196

Compound Cha lk 196

Gregory ’s 2 45

Moist Peroxide of I ron 118

Hydrated Peroxide of I ron 118

Ferric Hydrate 118

Molasses 2 84

Monkshood 2 7, 2 8

Morphia Acetas 197

Hydroch loras 197

Morph ina 197

Morrhua , Oleum 2 11

Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 01

of Starch 2 01

Mucilago Acacia 2 01

Amyli 2 01

Muriatic Acid 12

Mustard 2 57

Poultice 76

Mylabridis, Unguentum 305

Mylabris

Cichoru

Ointment ofMyrrhTincture of

MyrrhaMyrrhae , Tinctura

N I TRE

Sweet Spirits ofN itric Acid

Diluted

2 36

2 69

16

17

Nitro-hydr och loricAcid,Diluted18N itrous Ether , Sp irit ofNucis Vomicae, TincturaNu t-gallsNux Vomica

Tincture of

OAK-BARK

Oak -galls

Oil of Anise

CajuputCamphoratedof Canthar idesCarron

CastorMixture

Cod-liverCroton

Liniment ofEucalyptusof Jun iper .

Linseed

OlivePalmPeppermintof Turpentine

of Vitriol‘Wh ite

2 69

2 94

12 3

2 03

2 94

I NDEX 363

PAGEOintment of Aconite 2 97

Alum , Compound 2 98

of Ammoniated Mercury 302

Arsenic 2 99

Black Hellebore 301

Bin iodide of Mercury 302

Blistering 2 99, 302

Blue 302

of Cantharides 2 99

of Carbolic Acid 2 96

Compound 2 97

of Carbonate of Zinc . 309

of Ch lorinated Lime 2 99

Citrine 304

of Creasote 300

Digestive 306, 309

of Calls 301

and Opium 301

H ealing 309

of I odide of Sulphur 308

of I odine 305

Compound 305

of Mercury 302

Compound 303

of Mylabr is 305

of N itrate of Mercury ‘

304

of Silver 2 98

of Perchloride of Mercury 304of Red I odide of Mercury 302

of Resin 306

of Savin 307

Sheep 308

of Subacetate of Copper 300

of Sulphur , Compound 308

of Su lphurated Potash 306

of Tanni c Acid 2 97

of Tar 306

of Tartarated Antimony 2 97

of Tur p entin e 309

of Verdigris 300

of White Hellebore 309

Oleum An isi 43 , 2 04

Oleum CajuputCamphoratum

Can tharidis

Caryophylli

Croton is

EucalyptiJecor is AselliJuniperi

Lin i

Nl enthae Piper itae

Morrhuaa

OlivaePalmae

Ricin iTerebinth inae

Olive OilOpii compositus, PulvisEnema

Lin imentum

L iquor Plumbi Subaceta

tis et

TincturaOp ium

Compound Powder ofEnema of

Lin iment ofPowder of , CompoundSolution of Subacetate of

Lead and

Tincture of

Opodeldoc

PALM ButterOil

Palmae, OleumPapaveris, SyrupusParaffin

Parafiinum

Pepper , BlackPeru , Balsam of

364 INDEX

PAGEPhenacetine 2 18

Phenic Acid 8

Phenol 8

Phenylic Alcohol 8

Physostigmatis extractum 3 2 8

semen 2 18

Physostigmina 3 2 7

Picis, Emplastrum 105

Liquidas, Unguentum 306

Pill , Blue, Ferruginate 2 19

Ferruginate Blue 2 19

Mercurial , with I ron 2 19

of Mercury and I ron 2 19

Pi lula Hydrargyri et Ferri 2 19

Pimenta 2 19

Pimentae, Tinctura 2 86

Pimento 2 19

Tincture of 2 96

Piper Nigrum 2 2 0

Pitch Plaster 105

Black 2 2 3

Pitch , Burgundy 2 2 1

Pix Burgundica 2 2 1

Liquida 2 2 2

Nigra 2 2 3

Plaster, Pitch 105

Plumbi Acetas 2 2 3

Diacetatis, Liquor 174

Oxidam 2 2 4

Subacetatis Linimen

tum

L iquordilutus, Liquor

et Opii , LiquorPodophylli Rhizoma

resina

Peppies, Syrup ofPotash , Bicarbonate ofBromideCarbonate ofCausticChlorate of

Potash , Hydrate of

Lotion of Chloride of Ammonium and Nitrateof

N itrate ofPermanganate ofSolution of

Sulphate ofSulphuratedOintment of

Yellow Prussiate of

Potassa Causti caFusaSulphurata

Potassae Arsenitis, LiquorBicarbonas

Carbonas

ChlorasHydrasLiquorNitrasNitratis, Lotio Ammonn

Chloridi et

Permanganas

Prussia FlavaSulphasSulphuratae, L iquorUnguentum

Potassii BromidumI odidum

Potassium AlumAluminum SulphateAntimony TartrateBromideCarbonateCh lorateFerrocyanideHydrateHydrogen CarbonateI odide

N itratePermanganate

3 66

Saccharum Purificatum

Safiron

Sal AmmoniacSalt, CommonGla uber’sSp ir it of

SaltpetreSanders Wood, Tincture of

Rad

Santalis Rubra , TincturaSanton inum

Sapo Durus

MollisSaponis compositum, Lin i

mentumSavin , Ointment ofTops

Scheele’s Prussic AcidScil laa

Sevum Praeparatum

Sheep and Calves’ CordialOintmentD ip or Wash (Arsenical)

Silver, Nitrate ofOintment ofSolution of

Ointment of Nitrate ofSolution of Nitrate of

Sinapis

Slak ed Lime

Soap , Compound Liniment of

I i ard

SoftSoda, Acetate ofBiborateBicarbonate ofCarbonate ofD ried

Solution of Aloes andCausticCausticaDr ied Carbonate of

I NDEX

155

307

2 53

14

2 56

2 57

196

308

165

51

2 98

164

2 98

164

2 57

61

155

2 54

2 56

2 59

2 60

2 61

2 63

157

2 58

2 58

Soda , Hydrate ofHyposulphite ofSolu tion of

Sulphate ofSulph ite of

WashingSodasAcetasBicarbonas

Carbonas

Exsiccata

Carbonatis, Liquor Aloeset

Hyposulphis

LiquorSulphasSulphi s

Sodii Chloridum

Sodium AcetateBiborate ofCarbo

‘

nateChlorideChloride ofDiborateHydrateHydrate ofHydrogen CarbonateHyposulphiteSulphateSulphite

Soft SoapSolut ion of Acetate of

mon ia

of Aloesand Carbonate of Soda

of Alumof Ammonia

Strongof Antimonious ChlorideArseni ca lof Arsenic, Hydroch loricof Cantharides, Terebin

thinated

159

157

157

158

158

161

162

164

166

I NDEx 3 67

PAGE PAGESolution of Carbolic Acid 156

of Ch loride of Antimony 162

of Lime 168

of Zinc 181

of Ch lorinated Lime 168

of D iacetate of Lead 174

Fowler’s 164

of Hypochlorite of Lime 168

of I odine and I odide of

Potassium 173

of Lime 167

Lugol’s 173

of Permanganate of Potash 178

of N itrate of Potash 178

of Si lver 164

of Perchloride of I ron ,

Strongof Perch loride of Mer

curyof Persulphate of I ron

of Potashof Soda

of Subacetate of Lead

Dilutedand Op ium

of Sulphate oi -Copper

Compound

of Strychn iaof Sulphurated Potashof Terch loride of Anti

mony 162

of Tartarated Antimony 163

Sulphate of Zinc 182

Span ish Fly 68

Spir it of Ammon ia, Aromatic 2 71Fetid 2 71

of Camphor 2 72

of Ch loroform 2 72

of Ether 2 68

Methylated 2 73

Mindererus’s 159

of N itrous Ether 2 69

Spirit of Perchloride of Mercury, Compound

ProofRectified

of Saltof Wine

Spirits of N itre, Sweetof Turpentine

Spiritus E theris

N itriciNitrosi

E theris Sulphur101Ammon ia Aromaticus

Faetidus

Camphora

Chloroformi

Hydrargyri Perchlor idi

compositus 2 73

Methylatus 2 73

Rectificatus 2 74

Tenuior 2 75

Staphisagrise Semina 2 76

Starch 41

Mucilage of 2 01

Stavesacre Seeds 2 76

Strong Solution of Ammonia . 161

Strychn ine 2 76

Solution of 180

Strychni a Liquor 180

Sublimed Sulphur 2 78

Succus Rhamni 2 08

Suet, Prepared 2 57

Sugar of Lead 2 2 3

Sulphur , Compound Ointment r

of'

308

Flowers of 2 78

I odide of 2 80

Oint

gent tr 308

Liver o 306

Ointment'

of, Compound 3 08

of I odide of 2 80

Sublimatum 2 78

3 68 INDEX

PAGESulphur, Sublimed 2 80

Sulphurated Potash 2 2 7

Ointment of 306

Sulphuric Acid 2 1

D iluted 2 3

E ther 3 0

Sulphuris I odidi , Unguentum 308

I odi 305

Unguentum compositum 308

SulphurousAcid 2 4

Anhydride 2 4

Sweet Spirits of Nitre 2 69

Syrup of Buckthorn 2 82

of Chloral Hydrate 2 81

of Poppies 2 81

Syrupus Chloralis Hydratis 2 81

Papaveris 2 81

Rhamni 2 82

TABACI , DecoctumEnema

FoliaI nfusum

Tannic AcidOintment of

Tannin

Tar

Ointment ofWood

Tartar Emet icTartarated Antimony

Compound Mass ofSolution of

Tartarised An timonyTaraxacumTerebinthina CanadensisTerebinthinaacompositum ,

nimentum

Enema

Linimentum

Oleum

Terebinthinae UnguentumTerebinthinated Solution of

Cantharides 169

Terra Japonica 77

Theriaca 2 84

Thymol 2 84

Tin ctura Aconiti 2 85

Aloes composita 2 86

Arn icaa 2 86

Camphorse 2 87

Cannabis I ndicae 2 87

Can thari dis 2 87

Fortior 2 88

Cardamomi composita 2 88

Chloroformi composita 2 89

Cinchona Flava 2 89

Colch ici Seminis 2 90

Con ii 2 90

Fructus 2 90

Croton is 2 91

Ergotaa 2 91

Ferri Perchloridi 2 92

Sesquichloridi 2 92

I odi 2 93

Myrrhee 2 93

Nucis Vomi cae 2 94

Opii 2 94

Pimentaa 2 95

Santa li s Rubra 2 95

Zingiberis 2 96

Tin cture of Aconite 2 85

of Aloes, Compound 2 86

of Arni ca 2 86

of Cantharides 2 87

Strong 2 88

of Cardamoms, Compound 2 88

of Ch loroform, Compound 2 89

of Colchicum Seeds 2 90

of Croton 2 91

of E rgot 2 91

of Ginger 2 96

of Hemlock 2 90

370 INDEX

White HelleboreOintment of

MarbleOil

PrecipitateVitriol

Whi tingWine of I ron

Spirit ofWood Charcoa lTar

YEAs'r

PoulticeYellow Mercuria l LotionResin

Wash

Z I N C AcetateAcetate of

Butter of:Carbonate

Carbonate of

Carbonate, Compound

Powder of

PAGEZinc Carbonate , Ointment of 309Chloride 317

Chloride of 317

Solution of 181

Compound Powder of Car

bonate of

GranulatedOin tment of Carbonate

of

Oxide

Oxide of

Solution of Chloride ofSulphateSulphate of

Zinci AcetasCarbonas

Carbonatis, Pulvis, compositus 2 46

Carbonatis, U nguentum 309

Chloridi,Liquor 181

Ch loridum 317

Oxidum 319

Sulphas 3 2 0

Z incum Granulatum

Zingiber 3 2 3

Zingiberis composita , Massa 195

Tinctura 2 96

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