arduino based gsm home security smart window

OuterRingRoad,Bellandur,Bengaluru–560103

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICSENGINEERING

EEE84Project-PhaseII

Reporton

ARDUINOBASEDGSM HOMESECURITYSMARTWINDOW

PROJECTTITLE

SubmittedinthepartialfulfilmentoftheFinalYearProject-PhaseI

Submittedby

BHANUCHANDRA S 1NH17EE405

GOWTHAMA 1NH17EE409

MDASIFHUSSIAN 1NH17EE412

2019-20

VISVESVARAYATECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

“JnanaSangama”,Belgaum:590018

OuterRingRoad,Bellandur,Bengaluru-560103

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICSENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified thatthe Projectwork entitled “ARDUINO BASED GSM HOME

SECURITYSMARTWINDOW”carriedoutbyBhanuchandraS(1NH17EE405),

Gowthama (1NH17EE409),Md Asif Hussian (1NH17EE412),bonafide

StudentsofNewHorizonCollegeofEngineeringsubmittedreportinthepartial

fulfillmentfortheawardofBachelorofEngineeringinDepartmentofElectrical

and Electronics Engineering,New Horizon College of Engineering of

VisvesvarayaTechnologicalUniversity,Belgaum duringtheYear2019-20.

Itiscertified thatallthecorrections/suggestionsindicated forInternal

Assessmenthavebeenincorporatedinthereportdepositedinthedepartment

library.Theprojectreporthasbeenapprovedasitsatisfiestheacademic

requirementsinrespectofprojectworkprescribedforsaidDegree.

SEMESTERENDEXAMINATION

InternalExaminer ExternalExaminer

Name&SignatureoftheProjectGuide

Name&SignatureofHeadoftheDepartment

SignatureofPrincipal

Prof.RASHMIS Dr.S.RAMKUMAR Dr.MANJUNATHA

DECLARATION

IBhanuchandraS,Gowthama,MdAsifHussianstudentofNewHorizonCollegeofEngineeringherebydeclarethat,thisprojectworkentitled“ARDUINO BASEDGSM HOMESECURITYSMARTWINDOW”isanoriginalandbonafideworkcarriedoutbymeatNewHorizonCollegeofEngineeringin partialfulfillmentofBachelorofEngineering in ElectricalandElectronics Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University,Belgaum.

Ialsodeclarethat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,theworkreportedhereindoesnotform partofanyotherthesisordissertationonthebasisofwhichadegreeoraward wasconferred onanearlieroccasionbyanystudent.

StudentName:BHANUCHANDRAS

USN :1NH17EE405

StudentName:GOWTHAMA

USN :1NH17EE409

StudentName:MDASIFHUSSIAN

USN :1NH17EE412

CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION

2.LITERATURESURVEY

3.METHODOLOGY

3.1 BlockDiagram

3.2 Hardwaredescription

3.3 Completecircuitdiagram ofthissystem

3.4 Working

4.SOFTWAREIMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Algorithm

4.2 FlowChart

4.3 Programme

5.ADVANTAGESAND APPLICATIONS

6.CONCLUSIONANDFUTURESCOPE

7.REFERENCES

ABSTRACT:

Themainaim ofthisprojectistooperateandcontrolthewindowinapropermanner

inordertoavoidthefireaccidentsduetoshortcircuitetc.andanyunwanted

intrusionbyalarming.Thefireaccidentsandintrusionsareveryseriousproblems.In

thesedayssecurityisessentialrequirementtokeeptheplacesafefrom intruders

from gettingrobbed.Aswellasthetechniquesofmanuallyopeningandclosing

windowshavebeenpracticedforcenturies.Inordertoovercometheseproblemsas

wellastoadopttheautomationtechniquesanattemptismadetoreducethe

difficultiesusingelectricaltechniques.Onesuchmethodis“ARDUINOBASEDGSM

HOMESECURITYSMARTWINDOW ”.

Theproposedintelligentwindow isakindofcontrolsystem whichisdesignedby

usingthenormalwindowandsomesensors.Thecoreofthiscontrolsystem isthe

Arduino.Thesystem canrealizethetransmissionofwirelessdatathroughtheGSM

module and infrared remote control, measuring ofenvironmentalparameters

throughseveralsensors,andflexiblydriving of DCmotorthroughtheassembly

languageprogram .Thesystem hasthecharacteristicsofsimplecircuit,low cost,

stability&Reliability.

.

1.INTRODUCTION

In city life people are aware ofthe importance ofwindow to the buildings.

Sometimesweforgettoclosethewindow,suddenlyduringwindandrain,wearein

trouble.Sometimesbecauseofoversight,poisonousgascannotspreadoutof

Windowsandweareinfearfultrouble.Theproposedprojectisasetofintelligent

windowcontrolsystem basedonGSM wirelesscommunicationmodulewhichsense

environmentalparameters through the corresponding sensors.This intelligent

window system canrealizeanykindofexhaust,intelligentsecurityandAutomatic

protectionagainstrain.Thissystem cancontrolthewindowmotionthroughthedc

motor.TheOperationofsmartwindowisveryconvenient.

Thisprojectisintendedtodevelopastand-alone&plug-inmodulethatservesonthe

functions ofthe window control.The entire device senses the environmental

conditionsonbothsidesofthewindows.Thentheprogram willanalysethedatato

processseveralphasesthatwillhelptoadjusttheconditionsofthewindow.From

thetitlethisisnotonlyanautomatedwindow butitalsocomeswithsecurity

applications.Sotheattemptismadetoimplementalgorithmsandtodevelopsome

gadgetthatkeep working place safe from intruders.This leads to advance

technologythatmakethewindow intelligentormodernthisiscalledaswindow

automationsystem.

Nowadays wireless technologyis used to controlhome appliances instead of

wiredtopologicalconnection.GSM (GlobalSystem forMobile Communication)

technologyisusedinthisprojecttocommunicateinputsignalfrom sensorsandto

sendoutputmessageondevicei.e.afterdetectionofanyintrusionGSM Modem

sendsanappropriatemessagetoowner'sphone.Thesignalsordatawhichis

receivedfrom sensorsisdigitizedbyGSM moduleandsendittoreceiver.Window

automationoffersmanybenefits.From theliteraturereview wemainlyfocuson

GSM basedwindowsecurity.

2.LITERATURESURVEY

1.A Single-Chip CMOS Smoke and Temperature Sensorforan

IntelligentFireDetector:

Jiminheon,Studentember,IEEE,Jeonghwanee,Studentember,IEEE,IneeLee,

Studentember,IEEE,Youngcheolhae,Studentember,IEEE,YoungsYoo,and

GunheeHan,ember,IEEE

Afiredetectorisgenerallyimplementedasoneofthreetypesofsensors:smoke

sensorgassensortemperaturesensor.Among thesetypesofsensors,the

smokesensoriswidelyusedbecauseofitsearlyfiredetectioncapabilityandits

relativelylowcostHowever,althoughthesmokesensorprovidesrapidresponse

time,ithashighfalse-alarm rates.Incontrast,thetemperaturesensorprovides

morereliableresponsesbutwithslow responsetimes.Henceinthisproject

smokesensorisusedasitgivesrapidresponsetimeandearlyfiredetection.[1]

2.ActiveInfraredSensorforMonitoringProtectedAreas:

Yuryudkov,Vladimirzarov,AlexanderLuvDepartmentofCSENationalResearch

UniversitHigherSchoolofEconomicMoscow,Russia.

Anintegralpartofinformationsecuritymanagementsystemsistoolstoensure

physicalsecurity.Thepurposeofusingsuchtoolsistopreventunauthorized

physicalaccesstoprocessingfacilitiesandinformationcarrierslocatedinso

calledprotectedareaswithacertainperimeterofsecurity.Ananalysisofexisting

approachestotheconstructionoftoolsformonitoringtheperimeterofsecurity

hasshownthatthetypicalwaytosolvethisproblem istousethemotion

detectionsensorastheprimarytransducer.Passiveinfraredrecorders,basedon

apyroelectricelement,theso-calledpyrosensor,aremostoftenusedtocontrol

movementinconfinedspaces.Henceinthisprojecttheinfraredsensorsisused

topreventanykindofunwantedintrusion.[2]

3.AutomaticRoom LightIntensityDetectionandControl

UsingaArduinoandLightSensors

YinWenBaiandYieKu

Inthispaperweproposeadesignusingboth Arduinoandlightsensorsfor

automaticroom lightdetectionandcontrol.Ourdesign,theHLCM (HomeLight

ControlModule)whichwillbeinstalledineverylightfixtureofafamily,ismade

upoffourblocks:thepyroelectricinfrared(PIR)sensorcircuit,thelightsensor

circuit,theArduinoandtheRFmodule.ByusingthePIRsensorcircuit,theHLCM

detectsifahumanbodyentersthedetectionareaornot.Ifthereisnohuman

bodypresent,allcontrolledlightsareturnedoff.Ifthereis,theHLCM detectsthe

lightintensityundertheenvironmentandmaintainssufficientlightbycontrolling

thenumberoflights.Thesametechnologyisusedinthisprojectbyusinglight

intensitysensor.[3]

4.DevelopmentofIntelligentAutomaticDoorSystem:

2014 IEEE InternationalConference on Roboticutomation (ICRA)HongKong

ConventionandExhibitionenterMay31Ju72014.HongKong,China.

Automaticdoorsareusedthroughouteverycityintheworld.A conventional

automaticdoorhasaproximitysensorinstalledonthetopofthedoorthat

detectssurroundingobjects.Nospecialoperationbyauserisrequiredtoenter

anautomaticdoorbecauseitopensautomaticallywhenapersonentersthe

sensingarea.Byreferringthispapertheabovetechnologyisimplementtothe

normalwindowtomadeitintelligentwhichoperatesautomaticallyattheproper

time.[4]

5.ANovelandCostEffectiveResistiveRainSensorforAutomatic WiperControl:

MukulJoshi,KaustubhJogalekar,Dr.D.N.Sonawane,VinayaSagare,

MAJoshi,MemberIEEE,CollegeofEngineerg,Pune,India.

Safetyanddrivercomfortaretheessentialgoalsofnew trendsinautomobile

industry.Anautomaticwipercontrollerhelpsnotonlyinincreasingsafetyby

reducingdistractionsbutalsoincreasestheoverallcomfort.Suchanautomatic

controlisavailablehoweverithaslimitationsofhighcostandlowefficiency.In

thiswork,waytheyhaveproposedanautomaticwipercontroller,basedon

resistiverainsensorwhichiscosteffective,efficientandhasawiderangeof

outputByreferringthispapertherainsensorisusedasapartofthesmart

windowinordertopreventionsofproblemsduetorain.[5]

6.PhotosensitiveSecuritySystem forTheftDetectionandControl

usingGSM technology:

SPACES-2015,ECE,KLNIVERSITY

Inthismoderneraofautomation,thereisaneedtokeepthingsundercontrol

throughtheuseofwell-definedtechnologyandengineeringcapabilities.Overthe

years,manyengineeringfieldslikecomputerscience,electronics,communication

andInstrumentationtechnology,usesensorstogetherinordertogetbetter

productsandbenefits.Obviously,itisaconvincingfactthatinterdisciplinary

effortswouldleadtosuccessbecauseeachfieldwouldovercomethelimitations

oftheother.So,takingthisasamotivation,anattemptismadeheretodevelop

analternativemethodtoprovidesecurity.Thisensurestheftcontroldesignfor

banklockersystemsandmanyotherapplications,byusingLDR,GSM technology

tosendSMS,etc.ByreferringthepapertheGSM modelwithinferredsensorsis

usedinthisprojectfortheftdetectionandcontrol.[6]

3.METHODOLOGY

3.1BlockDiagram:

3.2HARDWAREDETAILS:

REGULATEDPOWERSUPPLY:

ThepowersuppliesaredesignedtoconverthighvoltageACmainselectricitytoa

suitable low voltage supply forelectronic circuits and otherdevices.A RPS

(Regulated PowerSupply)isthe PowerSupplywith Rectification,Filtering and

Regulationbeingdoneonthe AC mainstogetaRegulatedpowersupplyfor

Microcontrollerandfortheotherdevicesbeinginterfacedtoit.Apowersupplycan

bedividedintoaseriesofblocks,eachofwhichperformsaparticularfunction.Ad.c

powersupplywhichmaintainstheoutputvoltageconstantirrespectiveofa.cmains

fluctuationsorloadvariationsisknownas“RegulatedD.CPowerSupply”.

Forexamplea5Vregulatedpowersupplysystem asshownbelow:

3.3Componentsexplanation:

Transformer:Atransformerisanelecicaldevcewhichisusedtoconverteletrical

powerfrom oneEletricalcicuittoanotherwithoutchangeinfrequecy.

Fig2.Transformer.

Specificationoftransformer:

Step-downcentertappedTransformer.

Inputvoltage:230VACat50Hz.

Outputvoltage:24V,12Vor0V.

Outputcurrent:1A.

Rectifier:AcircuitwhichisusedtoconertACDCisknownasRECFIER.Theprocess

ofconversionactoDCiscalled“rectication”

Bridgeectifier:Abridgerectifiermakesuseoffourdiodesinabridgearrangementto

achieve full-wave rectification.This is a widely used configuration,both with

individualdiodeswiredasshownandwithsinglecomponentbridgeswherethe

diodebridgeiswiredinternally.

Filter:AFilterisadevicewhichremovestheaccomponentofrectifieroutputbut

allowsthedccomponenttoreachtheload.

Regulator:SeriesVoltageRegulator.Asthenameitselfimplies,itregulatesthe

inputapplied to it.A voltage regulatoris an electricalregulatordesigned to

automaticallymaintainaconstantvoltagelevel.Thefirstnumber78represents

positivesupplyandthenumbers05representtherequiredoutputvoltagelevels.

Specificationof7805voltageregulator:

•OutputCurrentof1.5A

•OutputVoltageToleranceof5%

•Internalthermaloverloadprotection

•InternalShort-CircuitCurrentLimiting.

•OutputVoltage5V

ArduinoUno:

The Arduino Uno isan opesource microcontllerboard based on the MicochipATmega32PmicrontrolleranddevelopedbyArduno.Theboardisequippedwithsetsofdigitalanloginput/outputpinsthatmaybeinterfacedtovariousexpansionboardsandothercicuits.AruinoUno isamicrhiontrollerboardbasedon8-bitATmega32Pmicrochgntroller.AlongwithATmega32P,itconsistsothercomponentssuchascrystaloscillator,serialcommunication,voltage regulator,etc.to supportthemicrocontronjr.ArdunoUnohas14digitalinput/outputpins(outofwhich6canbeusedotputs),6analoginputpins,aUSBconnection,APowerbareljack,anICSPheaderandaresetbutton.

Pindetails:

The14digitalinput/outputpinscanbeusedasinputoroutputpinsbyusingpinMode(),digitalRead()anddigitalWrite()functionsinArduinoprogramming.Eachpinoperateat5Vandcanprovideorreceiveamaximum of40mAcurrent,andhasaninternalpull-upresistorof20-50KOhmswhicharedisconnectedbydefault. Outofthese14pins,somepinshavespecificfunctionsaslistedbelow:

Serialins0(Rx)and1(Tx): RxTxpinsareusedtoreceiveandtransmitTTLseridata.TheyareconnectedwiththecorrespondingATmega32PUSBvdTTLserialchip.

ExternalIntruptPins23: Thesepinscanbeconfiguredtotriggeraninterruptonalowvalue,arisingorfallingedge,orachangeinvalue.

PWM Pins3,5,6,9and11: Thesepinsprovidean8-bitPWM outputbyusinganvcalogWite()function.

SPIPins10(SS),11(MOSI),12(MISO)and13(SCK): ThesepinsareusedforSPIcommunication.

In-builtLEDPin13: Thispinisconnectedwithanbuilt-inLED,whenpin13isHIGH–LEDisonandwhenpin13isLOW,itsoff.

Alongwith14Digitalpins,thereare6analoginputpins,eachofwhichprovide10bitsofresolution,i.e.1024differentvalues.Theymeasurefrom 0to5voltsbutthislimitcanbeincreasedbyusingAREFpinwithanalogReference()function.

Analogpin4(SDA)andpin5(SCA)also usedforTWIcommunicationusingWirelibrary.

ArduinoUnohasacoupleofotherpinsasexplainedbelow:

AREF: UsedtoprovidereferencevoltageforanaloginputswithanalogReference()function.

ResetPin: MakingthispinLOW,resetsthearbcduino.

FEATURES:

Oeratingvoltage:5V Inutvoltage(recommended):7-12V Inutvoltage(limits):6-20V DigitalI/OPins:14(ofwhich6providePWM output) AnalogInputPins:6 DCCrrentperI/OPin:40mA DCCrrentfor3.3VPin:50mA Flashemory:32KBofwhich0.5KBusedbybootloader SRAM:2KB(ATmega32) EEPROM:1KB(ATmega32) Clockpeed:16MHz

2X16LCDDISPLAYS:

Liquidrystaldislay(LCD)hasmaterialwhichjoinstogetherthepropertiesofboth

liquidandcrystals.Theyhaveatemperaturerangewithinwhichtheparticlesare

essentiallyasmobileastheymightbeinaliquid,howeveraregatheredtogetherin

anorderform similartoacrystal.TheLCDismuchmoreinformativeoutputdevice

thanasingleLED.SomeLCDsarespeciallydesignedforspecificapplicationsto

displaygraphicimages.16×2LCD(HD4478054)moduleiscommonlyused.These

modulesarereplacing7-segmentsandothermulti-segmentLEDs.LCDcanbeeasily

interfacedwithmicrocontrollertodisplayamessageorstatusofthedevice.Itcan

beoperatedintwomodes:4-bitmodeand8-bitmode.ThisLCDhastworegisters

namelycommandregisteranddataregister.Itishavingthreeselectionlinesand8

data lines.By connecting the three selection lines and data lines with the

microcontroller,themessagescanbedisplayedonLCD.

PINDISCRIPTION:

PIN.

NO

Function Name

1 Ground(12V) Grond

2 Supplyvoltage;6V(5.7V–7.3V) Vc

3 Contrastadjustment;throughavariableresistor VE

4 Selects command registerwhen low;and data

registerwhenhigh

Register

Select

5 Low towritetotheregister;Hightoreadfrom the

register

Read/write

6 Sendsdatatodatapinswhenahightolowpulseis

given

Enable

7 8-bitdatains DB7

8 8-bitdatains DB6

9 8-bitdatains DB5

10 8-bitdatains DB4

11 8-bitdatains DB3

12 8-bitdatains DB2

13 8-bitdatains DB1

14 8-bitdatains DB0

15 BacklightVCC (5V) Led+

16 BacklightGround(0V) Led-

SENSORS:

RainSensor:

TherainsensorisaPCB boardhavingparallelmetalstrips.Twoterminalsare

connectedtotheboard,bothonseparatestrips.Whenwaterfallsonthisboardthe

circuitgetscompleted and itstartsconducting electricityaswateractslikea

conductor.Therainsensorisatriggerforthecircuitboard.Whensignalsaresentto

themicrocovjkjcntrollercircuit,itsendscommandtothemotordriver.

INFRAREDSENSORS:

IRObstacledetectionisaInfracvredtechnologyaddressesawidevarietyofwireless

applications. The main areas are sensing and remote controls. In the

electromagneticspectrum,theinfraredportionisdividedintothreeregiocvns:near

infraredregion,midinfraredregionandfarinfraredregvcion.Thewavelengthsof

theseregionsandtheirapplicationsareshownbelow.

Neavcvrinfraredregion— 700nm to1400nm — IRsevnsors,fiber

optic

Midinfvcraredregion—1400nm to3000nm —Heatsensing

Farinfrarecvdregion—3000nm to1mm —Thermavlimaging

Thefrequencyrangeofinfraredishigherthanmicrowaveandlesserthanvisiblelight.

Foropticalsensivxvngandopticalcommunication,photoopticstechnologiesare

used in the nearinfrared region as the lightis less complex than RF when

implementedasasourceofsignal.OpticalwirelesscommunicationisdonewithIR

datatransmissionforshocvrtrangeapplications.

IRTransmitter:InfraredTransmitterisalightemittingdiode(LED)whichemits

infraredradiations.Hence,theyarecalledIRLED’s.EventhoughanIRLEDlookslike

anormalLED,theradiationemittedbyitisinvisibletothehumaneye.

ThepictureofatypicalInfraredLEDisshownbelow.

Therearedifferenttypesofinfraredtranxvsmittersdependingontheirwavelengths,

outputpowerand response time.A simple infrarxved traxvnsmittercan be

constructedusinganinfraredLED,acurrentlimitingresistorandaxvpowersupply.

Whenoperatedatasupplyof5V,theIRtransmitterconsumesabout3to5mAof

current.Infraredtransmitterscanbemodulatedtoproduceaparticularfrequencyof

infrared light.The mostcommonly used modulation is OOK (ON KEYING)

modulatioxvn.

IRReceiver:Infraredreceiversarealsocalledasinfraredsensorsastheydetect

theradiationfrom anIRtransmitter.IRrexvceiverscomeintheform ofphotodiodes

andphototransistors.InfraredPhotodiodesaredifferentfrom normalphotodiodes

astheydetectonlyinfraredradiation.ThepictureofatvxypicalIRreceiverora

photodiodeisshownbelow.

PrincipleofWorking:IRsensorconsistanIRLEDandphotodiode,inwhichIR

LEDemitsIRradiationandphotodiodedetectstheradiation.Photodiodeconducts

currentinreversedirection,wheneverlightfallsonit,andvoltageacrossitchanges,

thisvoltagechangeissensedbyvoltagecomparator(like LM35328)andgenerates

outputaccordingly.

InthisIRbasedsecurityalarm circuit,wehaveplacedIRLEDinfrontofphotodiode,

sothatIRlightcandirectlyfallsonphotodiode.Wheneversomeonemovesthrough

thisbeam,IRraysstopsfallingonphotodiodeandBuzzerstartbeeping

Specifications:

OperatingVoltage: 3.0V–5.0V

Detectionrange: 2cm –30cm (Adjustableusingpotentiometer)

CurrentConsumptionat3.3V :~23mA,at5.0V:~43mA

Activeoutputlevel: OutputsLowlogiclevelwhenobstacleisdetectedOn

boardObstacleDetectionLEDindicator

GAS/SMOKESENSOR:

Asmokesensorisadevicethatsenvxsessmoke,typicallyasanindicatoroffire.

Commercialandresidentialsecuritydevicesissueasignaltoafirealarm control

panelaspartofafirealarm system,whilehouseholddetectors,knownassmoke

avxlarms,generallyissuealocalaudibleorvisxvualalarm from thedetectoritself.

TheAnalogSmoke/LPG/CO GasSensor(MQ3)moduleutilizesanMQ-3asthe

sensitivecomponentandhasaprotectionresistorandanadjustableresistoron

board.TheMQ-3gassensorissensitivetoLPG,i-butane,propane,methane,alcohol,

Hydrogenandsmoke.Itcouldbeusedingasleakavxgedetectingequipmentsin

familyandindustry.Theresistanceofthesensitivecomponentchangesasthe

concentrationofthetargetgaschanges.

Specifications:

Operatingvoltage:7v

DetectionZone:500-1000ppmm

CharacteristicGas:2000ppmm

Sensitivity:Rinair/Rintypicalgas>5

ResponseTime:<50s

Recoverytime:<60s

HeatingResistance:52ohm

HeatingCurrent:<191mA

HeatingPower:<90mW

MeasuringVoltage:<54

AmbientTemperature:-50C-65C

Humidity:<85%

PinConfiguration:1.VCC

2.D0pin

3.A0pin

4.Ground

STRUCTURE AND CONFIGURATION:Sensorcomposed by micro AL2O3

ceramictube,TinDioxidesensitiveLayer,measuringelectrodeandheaterarefixed

intoacrustmadebyplasticandstainlesssteelnet.Theheaterprovidesnecessary

workconditionsforworkofsensitivecomponbvents.TheenvelopedMQ-7has6

pin,4ofthem areusedtofetchsignals,andother2areusedforprovidingheating

current.Thissensorhasahighsensitivityandfastresponsetime.Thesensor's

outputisananalogresistance.Thedrivecircuitisverysimple;allyouneedtodois

powertheheatercoilwith5V,addaloadresistance,andconnecttheoutputtoan

ADC.

LIGHTINTENSITYSENSOR:

LightdependentResistoror“LDR”isavariableresistorsensitivetolightintensityin

accordingtothephotoelectriceffect.Theeffectfreeselectronspvcvroportionalto

thefluxoflightshines.Theunitobservedinthemicrocontrolvxleristheelectric

pressure.IntheprojectLDRisusedtoadjustthelightintensityoutdoors.

Fig4:lightdependedresistor

WorkingPrincipleofLDR:Alightdepcvendentresistorworksontheprincipleof

photoconductivity.Photoconductivityisanopticalphvcenomenoninwhichthe

materialsconductivityisincreasedwhenlightvxisabsorbedbythematerial.When

lightfallsi.e.whenthephotonsfallonthedevice,theelectronsinthevalenceband

ofthesemiconductormaterialareexcitedtotheconductionband.Thesephotonsin

the incident light should have energy greater than the band gap of the

semicovxnductormaterialtomaketheelectronsjumpfrom thevalencebandtothe

xvconductionband.Hevxncewhenlighthavingenoughenergystrikesonthedevice,

moreandmvxoreelectronsareexcitedtotheconductionbandwhichresultsinlarge

numberofchargecarriervs.Theresultofthisprocessismoreandmorecurrent

startsflowingthroughthedevicewhenthecircuitisclosedandhenceitissaidthat

theresistanceofthedevicehasbeendecreased.

CharacteristicsofLDR:LDR’sarelightdependentdeviceswhoseresistanceis

decreasedwhenlightfallsonthem andthatisincreasedinthedark.Whenalight

dependentresistoriskeptindark,itsresistanvxceisveryhigh.Thisresistanceis

calledasdarkresistance.Itcanbeashighas1012Ωandifthedeviceisallowedto

absorblightitsresistancewillbedecreaseddrastically.Ifaconstantvoltageis

appliedtoitandixvntensityoflightisincreasedthecurrentstartsincreasing.Figure

belowshowsresistancevs.illuminationcurveforaparticularLDR.

PhotocellsorLDR’sarenonlvxineardevices.Theresevxnsitivityvarieswiththe

wavelengthoflightincidentonthem.Somephotocellsmightnotatallresponsetoa

certain rangeofwavelengths.Based on thematerialused differentcellshave

differentspectralresponsecurves.Whenlightisincidentonaphvxotocellitusually

takesabout8to12msforthechangeinresistancetotakeplace,whileittakesone

ormoresecondsfortheresistancetorisebackagaintoitsinitialvalueafterremoval

oflight.Thisphenomenoniscalledasresistancerecoveryrate.Thispropertyisused

in audio covxmpressors.Also,LDR’sarelesssensitivethan photo diodesand

phototransisxvtor.

PIEZOBUZZER:

The piezobuzzer vxproducessoundbasedonreverseofthepiezoelectrivxceffect.

Thegenerationofpressurevariationorstrainbytheapplicationofelectricpotential

acrossapiezoelectricmaterialistheundxverlyingprinciple. Thesebuzzerscanbe

usedalxvertauserofaneventcorrespondingtoaswitchingaction,countersignalor

sensorinput.Theyxvarealsousedinalarm circuits.

Thebuzzerproducesasamenoisysound irrespectiveofthevoltagevariation

avxpplied to it.Itconsistsofpiezo crystalsbetween two conductors.When a

potvxentialisappliedacrossthesecrystals,theypushononecvxonductorandpull

ontheother.This,pushandpullaction,resultsinasoundwave.Mostbuzzexvrs

producesoundintherangeof2to4kHz.

Specification:

Itworkson6VDC.

Itsmaximum currentis80mA.

Decibel>5db/cm.

Resonantfrequency250Hz

Operatingtemperadvture-2to7degreeCelsius

L293DIC (DCMOTORDRIVER):

L293DisatypicalMotordriverorMotorDriverICwhichallowsDCmotortodriveon

eitherdirection.L293D isa16-pinICwhichcancontrolasetoftwoDCmotors

simultaneouslyinanydirection.Itmeansthatyoucancontroltwo DCmotor witha

singleL293DIC.

The l293d can drive smalland quietbig motors as well,check the Voltage

Specificationattheendofthispageformoreinfo.

ItworksontheconceptofH-bridge.H-bridgeisacircuitwhichallowsthevoltageto

beflownineitherdirection.Asyouknow voltageneedtochangeitsdirectionfor

beingabletorotatethemotorinclockwiseoranticlockwisedirection,HenceH-

bridgeICareidealfordrivingaDCmotor.

InasingleL293Dchiptherearetwoh-BridgecircuitinsidetheICwhichcanrotate

twodcmotorindependently.Dueitssizeitisverymuchusedinroboticapplication

forcontrollingDCmotors.

DCMOTOR:

A DC Motor whose poles are made of Permanent Magnets is known

as PervdmanentMagnetDCMotor.Themagnetsareradiallymagnevdtizedandare

mountedontheinnerperipheryofthecydvslindricalsteelstator.Thestatorofthe

dvmotorservesas areturnpathforthemagnetidvscflux.TherotorhasaDC

armature,withcommutatorsegmentsandbrushes.

ThePermadvnentMagnetDCmotorgenerallyoperateson6V,12Vor24VoltsDC

supplyobtainedfrom thebatteriesorrectifiers.Theinteractionbetweentheaxial

currentcarryingrotorconductorsandthemagneticfluxproducedbythepermanent

magnetresultsinthegenerationofthetorque.

GSM –MODEM:

GSM isamobilecommunivzdcationmvzodem;itisstandsforglobalsystem for

mobilecommunicatvzdion(GSM).GSM isanopvzenanddigitalcellulartechnology

usedfortransmittingmobilevoiceanddataservicesoperatesatthe50MHz,90MHz,

10MHzand100MHzfrequevzncybands.

GSM system wasdevelopedasadigitalsystem usingtimeediivisionmultiplre

access techniqueforcommunicationpurpose.AGSM digitizesandreducesthe

data,thensendsitdownthroughachannelwithtwodifferentstreamsofclientdata,

eachinitsownparticulartimeslot.Thedigitalsystem hasanabilitytocarry4kbps

to200Mbpsofdatarates.

TimeDivisionMultipleAccess:TDMAtechniquereliesonassigningdifferenttime

slotstoeachuseronthesamefrequency.Itcaneasilyadapttodatatransmission

andvoicecommuaadnicationandcancarry64kbpsto20Mbpsofdatarate.

GSM Architecture:GSM module isusedtoestablishcommunicationbetweena

computerand a GSM system. GlobalSystem forMobilecadommunication isan

architectureusedformobilecommunicationinmostofthecountries. GSM module

consistsofa GSM modem assembled togetherwith powersupplycircuitand

communicationinterfaces (likeRS-232,USB,etc)forcomputer.TheMODEM isthe

soulofsuchmodules.

GSM MODEM is a class ofwireless MODEM devices thatare designed for

communicationofacomputerwiththeGSM andGPRSnetwork.Itrequiresa SIM

(Subadscriber Ideadntity Modulade) card justlike mobile phones to activate

communication with the network.Also theyhave IMEI(InternataidonalMobildae

EqudaipmentIdentity)numbersimilartomobilephonesfortheiridentification.

AGSM/GPRSMODEM canperform thefollowingoperations:

1. Receive,sendordeleteSMSmessagesinaSIM.

2. Read,add,searchphonebookentriesoftheSIM.

3. Make,Receive,orrejectavoicecall.

TheMODEM needs ATcommands,forinteractingwithprocessororcontroller,which

arecommunicateaddthroughserialcommunication.Thesecommandsaresentby

thecontroller/proceadssor.TheMODEM sendsbackaresultafteritreceivesa

commaand.DifferentATcommandssupportedbytheMODEM canbesentbythe

processor/controller/computertointeractwiththe GSM andGPRScellularnetwork.

ApplicationsofGSM/GPRSmodule:

TheGSM/GPRSmoduledemonstratestheuseofATcommands.Theycanfeature

allthefunctionalitiesofamobilephonethroughcomputerlikemakingandreceiving

calls,SMS,MMSetc.ThesearemainlyemployedforcomputerbasedSMSandMMS

services.

ATCommands:ATcommandsareusedtocontrolMODEMs.ATistheabbreviation

forAttention.ATcommandswithaGSM/GPRSMODEM ormobilephonecanbe

usedtoaccessfollowinginformationandservices:

InformationandconfigurationpertainingtomobiledeviceorMODEM andSIM card.

1. SMSservices.

2. MMSservices.

3. Faxservices.

4. DataandVoicelinkovermobilenetwork.

Typesofcommands:TherearefourtypesofATcommands:

1) Testcommands

2) Readcommands

3) Setcommands

3.4WORKING:

Thegivenblockdiagram haveaarsduinoconnectedwithvarioussensorswhichare

inputtothearducsinoandDCmotor,buzzer,GSM modulearetheoutputofthe

arduinocsa.

Thesensorsoperatewheneverthereisachangeintheenvironmentalconditions.

TheIRsensorisinONconditionallthetimewhereastheothersensorsareONonly

duringtheworkinghoursofthecommercialplace.Iftherainsensorsensestherain

drops this analog signalis digitized bythe signalconditionerand is sentto

ardscascuinowhichcommandsthemotortoclosethewindow.Thelightintensity

sensorsenses the lightinside the commercialplace and sends the signalto

arducscsainowhichcommandsmotortoopenthewindowonlyifthelighticntensity

sensedisless.Atthetimeoffireemergenciesifsmokeisdetectedbythesmoke

sensorarduscacsino commandsbuzzerto operateand themotorto openthe

windowandsendsthemessagetotheowner.TheIRmoduleoperatesatthetimeof

intrusionwhentheintrudertriestoenterthroughwindowandcutstheIRrayandthe

arduscino sends the signalto buzzer(to buzz)and GSM module to send the

messagetotheownerabouttheintrusionthroughthewindow.

4.SOFTWAREIMPLEMENTATION

4.1ALGORITHM:

Thealgorithm usedintheflowchart,isdescribedinsteps.

STEP1:Start.

STEP2:Initializetheports.

STEP3:CheckforIRsensor,ifactivatedsendSMS,elsegotonextstep.

STEP4:Checkforsmokesensor,ifactivatedsendSMSandopenthewindow,else

goto nextstep.

STEP5:Checkforrainsensor,ifactivatedclosethewindow,elsegotostep7.

STEP6:Checkforlightintensitysensor,ifactivatedopenthewindow,elsegotonext

step.

STEP7:Stop.

4.2FLOW CHART:

YES

YES YES

YES

YES

START

INITIALIZETHE

PORTS

CHECK

FORIR

SENSOR

CHECKFOR

SMOKE

SENSOR

CHECKFOR

RAIN

SENSOR

CHECK

FORLDR

SENSOR

CLOSETHEWINDOW

OPENTHEWINDOW

SENDALERTMESSAGE

STOP

4.3PROGRAMME

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystallcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);

#include<SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerialmySerial(10,11);

intRainSensor=8;

intLightIntensity=9;

intSmokeSensor=10;

intExhaustFan=6;

intMot1=A1;

intMot2=A2;

intBuzzer=A3;

intIR=A4;

voidsetup()

lcd.begin(16,2);

Serial.begin(9600);

mySerial.begin(9600);

pinMode(RainSensor,INPUT);

pinMode(LightIntensity,INPUT);

pinMode(SmokeSensor,INPUT);

pinMode(IR,INPUT);

pinMode(ExhaustFan,OUTPUT);

pinMode(Mot1,OUTPUT);

pinMode(Mot2,OUTPUT);

pinMode(Buzzer,OUTPUT);

voidloop()

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Home");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Automation");

delay(2000);

intrain=digitalRead(RainSensor);

intlight=digitalRead(LightIntensity);

intsmoke=digitalRead(SmokeSensor);

intIRDetect=digitalRead(IR);

if(rain==HIGH)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Its");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Raining");

digitalWrite(Buzzer,HIGH);

delay(2000);


mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //SetstheGSM ModuleinTextMode

delay(1000);//Delayof1000millisecondsor1second

mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+xxxxxxxxxxx\"\r");//Replacexwithmobilenumber

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("ItsRaining");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);

mySerial.println((char)26);//ASCIIcodeofCTRL+Z

delay(1000);

if(light==HIGH)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("CloseWindow");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Increased");

digitalWrite(Mot1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(Mot2,LOW);

delay(2000);






delay(1000);

mySerial.println("WindowClosed");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);


delay(1000);

if(light==LOW)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Open");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Window");


digitalWrite(Mot2,HIGH);

delay(2000);






delay(1000);

mySerial.println("WindowOpened");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);


delay(1000);

if(smoke==HIGH)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("GasLeackage");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Detected");

digitalWrite(ExhaustFan,HIGH);


delay(2000);

digitalWrite(Buzzer,LOW);




delay(1000);

mySerial.println("ExhaustFanOn");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);


delay(1000);

if(smoke==HIGH)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("GasLeackage");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("NotDetected");

digitalWrite(ExhaustFan,LOW);

delay(2000);




delay(1000);

mySerial.println("ExhaustFanOff");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);


delay(1000);

if(IRDetect==HIGH)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Human");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Detected");


delay(2000);




delay(1000);

mySerial.println("HumanDetected");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);


delay(1000);

if(IRDetect==LOW)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Human");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("NotDetected");


delay(2000);




delay(1000);

mySerial.println("HumanNotDetected");//TheSMStextyouwanttosend

delay(100);


delay(1000);

5.ADVANTAGES:

Arduihkno technologyis,youcandirectlyloadtheprogramsintothedevice

withouttheneedofahardwareprosfgrammertoburntheprogsfram.Various

sensorsareconnectedtosensetheenvisfronmentacrossthewindowhence

thewindowcanadjustitselfautosfmaticallyforanyensfvironmentorseason.

TheGSM moduleisconnectedtoprovidesecurityatthetimeofintrusionby

sendingtextmessage.

Automaticwindowreducestheroutinehumanworkofopeningandclosingof

window.

Theestimatedcostoftheprojectischeaphenceitcanbeimplementedeasily

anywhere.

APPLICATIONS:

Thissmartwisfndowprovidessecurityagainsttheftatbanks.

Thesmartwfsindowalarms,whenanyintrudertriestoenteranycommercial

placesuchashistoricalmonuments,museums,etc.

Thesmartwindfsow preventsrainenteringtheroom henceprotectingthe

importantpapersandotherstuffatofficesandanyothercommercialplaces.

Thewindowopensfsandalarms,ifanyfireaccidentoccursattheplacessuch

asresearchlaboratorsfies,militarybaseetc.

6.CONCLUSION:

Theimplemsfentationoftheprojectwillleadustoautomaticoperationofwindow

whichwillcontrolitsopesfningandclosingautomaticallyatthetimeofdifferent

envirosfnmentalconditions likerain,sunlight,andfireemergencies(byoperating

themotor)andalsothesystem providessecurityagainstintrusionswiththehelpof

IRsensorsandGSM modulesendstextmessageabouttheintrusionthroughthe

window(alsooperatethebuzzer).Thesystem isestimatedtobecosteffectiveand

operableanywhere.

FUTURESCOPE:

Thisprojectcanbesolarpowered.

Vibrationsensorcanalsobeincludedtosensethetamperingonwindow.

7.REFERENCES

“DevelopmentofIntfdselligentAutomaticDoorSystem”.2014IEEECRAHong

KongConventionandExhibitionCenterMay31-June7,2014.HongKong,

China.

MukulJovdshi,KaustubhJogalekar, Dr.D.N.Sonvawane, VinaakSagare,

M.A.Jshi,MemberIEEE,”ANovelandCostEffectiveResistiveRainSensorfor

AutomaticWiperControl”.CollegeofEngineering,Pune,India.

“PhotovdasensitiveSecuritySystem forTheftDetectionandControlusing

GSM technology"SPACES-2015,ECE,KLUNIVERSITY.

arduino based gsm home security smart window

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