AQUA SILENCER

PROJECT REPORT 2013-2014

Submitted by: (Teamname)

Guided by:

Submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of

Diploma in -----------------------------------------

By the State Board of Technical Education Government

of TamilNadu.On, Chennai.

Department:

COLLEGE LOGO

College name:

Place:

DEPARTMENT

PROJECT REPORT-2013-2014

This Report is certified to be the Bonafide work done

by

Selvan/Selvi ---------------- Reg.No. ------------ Of

VI Semester class of this college.

Guide

Head of the Department

Submitter for the Practical Examinations of the

board of Examinations, State Board of Technical

Education, Chennai,

TamilNadu.On -------------- (date) held at the

------------ (college name),Coimbatore

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED PARENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing movement of having successfully

completed our project, we wish to convey our sincere

thanks and gratitude to the management of our college

and our beloved chairman------------------------.who

provided all the facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to

our principal ------------------for forwarding us to

do our project and offering adequate duration in

completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department

prof…………., for her/him constructive suggestions

&encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our

earnest &sincere thanks to our guide

--------------------, Department of Mechanical for

her/him kind guidance and encouragement during this

project we also express our indebt thanks to our

TEACHING staff of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,

---------- (college Name).

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO

TITLE

1

2

3

4

5

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7

8

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SYNOPSIS

AQUA SILENCER

SYNOPSIS

Diesel power invitably finds a very important

role in the development of the plant’s economy and

technical growth. Inspite of their high thermal

efficiency, one cannot ignore the fact about the

effect of their exhaust, in the atmosphere. It is a

well-known fact that the toxic gases emitted in

diesel engines are less than the engines. Due to high

cost of petrol, diesel engines are more in use.

Anticipating the use of diesel engines, even more in

the near future; this system developed can be used to

control the toxic gases, coming out of the diesel

engines.

These toxic gases are harmful not only to the

atmosphere, but also to the human & animal race.

Objective of this project is to design & fabricate a

simple system, where the toxic levels are controlled

through chemical reaction to more agreeable level.

This system acts itself as a silencer; there is no

need to separate the silencer. The whole assembly is

fitted in the exhaust pipe; it does not give rise to

any complications in assembling it. This system is

VERY COST EFFECTIVE AND MORE ECONOMICAL.

INTRODUCTION

Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and

sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other

industries. Considering the available fuel resources

and the present technological development, Diesel

fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the

consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the

economic strength of any country. Inspite, we cannot

ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the

burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our

environment every day.

It is especially so, inmost developed countries

like USA and EUOPE. While, constant research is going

on to reduce the toxic content of diesel exhaust, the

diesel power packs find the ever increasing

applications and demand. This project is an attempt

to reduce the toxic content of diesel exhaust, before

it is emitted to the atmosphere. This system can be

safely used for diesel power packs which could be

used in inflammable atmospheres, such as refineries,

chemicals processing industries, open cost mines and

other confined areas, which demands the need for

diesel power packs.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The high temperature high pollutant exhaust gas

is allowed to pass through the belt – mouth assembly

of the scrubber in the first phase. The bell – mouth

at the inlet/outlet is approximately 2 ½ times more

in an area is that of the inlet. This allows the

exhaust gas to expand considerably. This expansion

allows the gas to cool, because the temperature is a

function of pressure. This considerable reduction of

backpressure allows for the additional involved due

to the introduction of water and lime stone

container. The venture effect of the bell – mouth is

minimized because the exhaust gas escapes out of the

bell – mouth randomly along the periphery.

After expansion, the emission comes in contact

with oil; (which could be otherwise being any

alkaline solution) where the obnoxious products of

combustion are scrubbed when bubbled through it. The

bell – mouth also allows for more contact area with

water, so that effective cooling takes place with in

the short span of time available for the gas to pass

through the oil. The length of bubbling can be

increased by the oil level in the scrubber tank. But

this will be increased result in an abnormal

backpressure, which inadvertently affect the

performance of the engine. And for this reason the

bell – mouth is a multipurpose component, to allow

for reduction in back pressure, and provides for an

increased contact area with the scrubbing agent.

After bubbling through the oil, it comes in

contact with bubbles, which encourage turbulence of

the exhaust gas with in and below the oil surface

without unduly increasing the back pressure of the

exhaust. This allows for the thorough scrubbing of

the emission, so that more obnoxious product is

absorbed in the allowed time. The baffles are of

invaluable help to reduce the carry over of oil

particles which are converted into steam, which

otherwise will escape out of the system. The filter

is used to filter the carbon particles in the exhaust

gas.

ADVANTAGES &DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

Efficiency of the vehicle is increased

Fuel consumption is less when compared

to ordinary vehicle

Less pollution

DISADVANTAGES

1.Additional cost is required

2.Additional space is required to install

this arrangement in vehicles

APPLICATION

APLLICATIONS

All Diesel and petrol engine application

Automobile Applications

DRAWING

DRAWING

AQUA SILENCER

AQUA SILENCER

Basically an aqua silencer consists of a

perforated tube which is installed at the end of

the exhaust pipe.

The perforated tube -different diameters. Purpose

of providing different diameter hole is to break

up gas mass to form smaller gas bubbles.

Generally 4 sets of holes are drilled on the

perforated tube. The other end of the perforated

tube is closed by plug.

Around the circumference of the perforated tube a

layer of activated charcoal is provided and

further a metallic mesh covers it.

ENGINE EXHAUST SILENCERS

ENGINE EXHAUST SILENCERS

Universal brand exhaust silencers provide the most

favorable performance for all applications by

offering silencers crafted for four different

attenuation grades. Due to the variability of

different applications, performance levels are most

accurately shown as broad range "expected attenuation

bands," which are based upon typical conditions.

These bands will not define the exact insertion loss

for a specific application, since insertion loss is

influenced by engine size, type, speed and untreated

noise levels.

SILENCERS FOR SMALL SPACES AND CRITICAL APPLICATIONS

"Puck"-style silencers are low-profile silencers that

not only fit in the smallest enclosures, but are also

ideal for portable power, marine, or other

applications where a "tight fit" is a concern. The

single inlet models are available in residential,

critical and hospital attenuation grades. Critical

and hospital models also offer a low skin temperature

(LST) design for exceptionally small compartments and

enclosures to keep radiant heat to a minimum. The LST

configuration incorporates an extra layer of packed

acoustic/thermal insulation that reduces heat and

noise, eliminating the need for expensive external

wraps. The aluminized steel designs far outperform

the comparably priced carbon steel competition by

offering higher corrosion resistance, greater maximum

operating temperatures, less weight and an overall

longer silencer life.

Puck silencers are available in single-inlet, and

four types of duel inlet models.

EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED GASES ON WATER 

The water is a good absorbing medium. In aqua

silencer the gases are made to be dissolved in water.

When these gases dissolved in water they form acids,

carbonates, bicarbonates etc,

Action of dissolved SO2:-

When Sox is mixed in water, it form SO2, SO3,

SO4, H2SO4, H2SO, i.e. sulfur Acid (H2SO3,), it forms

Hydrogen Sulphide which causes fol rotten egg smell,

acidify and corrosion of metals.

Action of dissolved CO2:-

The dissolved carbon dioxide forms bicarbonate at

lower PH and Carbonates at higher PH. This levels 40-

400 mg/liter. The form a scale in pipes and boilers.

The carbon dioxide mixes with water to form Carbonic

acid. It is corrosive to metals and causes green

house effect.

Effect of dissolved NOx :-

The Nitrogen in water under goes Oxidation t

o form ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitric

acid. This synthesis of protein and amino acids is

affected by Nitrogen. Nitrate usually occurs in trace

quantities in surface water. A limit of 10 mg per

liters Nitrate is affordable in drinking water.

METHODS TO CONTROL THE WATER POLLUTION

In aqua silencer the water gets polluted by the

dissolved gases As in above topics said these gases

are mixed with water to form carbonate, acids like

carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, and Nitrous acid etc.

the petroleum products contains phenols which gives

suffocating smell. The sulfur gas mixes with water to

form hydrogen sulfide, which give rotten egg smell.

These should be controlled to minimum the

water pollution. There are two methods: 1 )

L i m e   w a t e r   w a s h   m e t h o d 2 )

A b s o r p t i o n   p r o c e s s

ABSORPTION PROCESS

ABSORPTION PROCESS

Activated charcoal is available in granular or

powdered form. As it is highly porous and possess

free valences. So it posses high absorption capacity.

Activated carbon is more widely used for

the removal of taste and odorous from

the public water supplies because it has excellent

properties of attracting gases, finely divided

solid particles and phenol type impurities, The

activated carbon, usually in the powdered form is

added to the water either before or after the

coagulation with sedimentation. But it is always

added before filtration. Feeding devices are similar

to those used in feeding the coagulants.

ABSORPTION PROCESS

ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION PROCESS.

It increases the coagulation power of the

process.

Its use reduces the chlorine demand.

The excessive dose of activated carbon is not

harmful.

The treatment process is very simple and it requires

nearly no skill.

The efficiency of removing color, odour and taste

is quite high.

It can be easily regenerated

It has excellent properties of attracting gases.

COST ESTIMATION

COST ESTIMATION

Sl.NO PARTICLES AMOUNT

1 Material cost

2 Welding

3 Drilling

4 Manufacturing cost

5 Labor cost

6 Transport cost

7 Over head charges

TOTAL COST

Cost of materials

Materials Amount

PHOTOGRAPHY

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

The progress in science & technology is a non-

stop process. New things and new technology are being

invented. As the technology grows day by day, we can

imagine about the future in which thing we may occupy

every place.

The proposed system is found to be more compact,

user friendly and less complex, which can readily be

used in order to perform several tedious and

repetitive tasks. Though it is designed keeping in

mind about the need for industry, it can extended for

other purposes such as commercial & research

applications. The feature makes this system is the

base for future systems.

The principle of the development of science is

that “nothing is impossible”. So we shall look

forward to a bright & sophisticated world.