ANALYZING THE 7th ART – ARTHROPODS IN MOVIES AND SERIES

15
Available at http://www.voresearch.org Connect with us Quality Impact Factor : 4.78 (CARS) International Refereed Research Journal Copyright © 2015. Authors. This is an open access refereed article distributed under the Creative Common Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Vignettes of Research Vol – III, Issue – I January – 2015 ISSN: 2320 – 1797 ANALYZING THE 7 th ART – ARTHROPODS IN MOVIES AND SERIES Pedro de Souza Castanheira¹, André Wanderley do Prado¹, Elidiomar Ribeiro Da-Silva² & Rafael Benzi Braga³ ABSTRACT Movies are a good source of information and teaching since its creation. In addition to a strong relation between arthropods and humans, it is likely that they could inspire many productions. Here we did a survey of movies and TV series inspired by arthropods, being them in the productions or just used as reference, always as the main part of the plot. Their bad reputation inspired many productions where they were considered as alien, giant, mutant and social evil villains, however mostly in kid’s movies real ecological and behavior characters are used to show them as good to the society. The total of 177 productions was obtained, with arthropods belonging to 15 orders, from all living Subphyla. KEYWORDS: Film, Arthropoda, Bugs, Cultural Zoology, Ethnozoology, Pop Culture. INTRODUCTION Zoology and its diverse groups of animals have always been debated in different and diverse types of media. The terrestrial arthropods correspond to the greatest part of the known biotic diversity in the world, being a group of high diversity (high biomass) with many taxa acting as excellent bioindicators (ANDERSEN, 1990; SCHOWALTER, 1995; BROWN, 1997; FISCHER, 2000; FERRIER et al., 2004). With high richness and abundance, they cause fascination or fear upon people, being therefore inspiration for many themes in different kinds of media, mainly because there are, in the urban environment, many species of different groups of arthropods (spiders, ticks, flies, mosquitos, cockroaches etc.). So, the more common animals for the great public some arthropods are, the more they will be used in movies and TV productions (BERENBAUM & LESKOSKY, 2003). In the last 15 years, many papers have been published addressing the presence of arthropods (especially insects) in the Pop Culture. COELHO (2000, 2004) made an analysis on insect as references in lyrics and cover art of rock music albums. MARIÑO PÉREZ & MENDOZA ALMERALLA (2006) studied the presence of insects and other arthropods in some movies from 1938 to 2002. CHANTOURY-LACOMBE (2009) observed the relation between insects and some painting techniques used in renaissance Europe. MONSERRAT (2009, 2011) in these two studies approached ¹Laboratório de Diversidade de Aracnídeos (LABAR), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ²Laboratório de Insetos Aquáticos (LABIAQUA), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ³Laboratório de Entomologia (LabEnt), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Pedro de Souza Castanheira; [email protected] 1

Transcript of ANALYZING THE 7th ART – ARTHROPODS IN MOVIES AND SERIES

Available at http://www.voresearch.org Connect with us

Quality Impact Factor : 4.78 (CARS)

International Refereed Research Journal

Copyright © 2015. Authors. This is an open access refereed article distributed under the Creative

Common Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any

medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Vignettes of Research Vol – III, Issue – I January – 2015 ISSN: 2320 – 1797

ANALYZING THE 7th ART – ARTHROPODS IN MOVIES AND SERIES

Pedro de Souza Castanheira¹, André Wanderley do Prado¹, Elidiomar Ribeiro Da-Silva² & Rafael Benzi Braga³

ABSTRACT

Movies are a good source of information and teaching since its creation. In addition to a

strong relation between arthropods and humans, it is likely that they could inspire many

productions. Here we did a survey of movies and TV series inspired by arthropods, being

them in the productions or just used as reference, always as the main part of the plot. Their

bad reputation inspired many productions where they were considered as alien, giant, mutant

and social evil villains, however mostly in kid’s movies real ecological and behavior

characters are used to show them as good to the society. The total of 177 productions was

obtained, with arthropods belonging to 15 orders, from all living Subphyla.

KEYWORDS: Film, Arthropoda, Bugs, Cultural Zoology, Ethnozoology,

Pop Culture.

INTRODUCTION

Zoology and its diverse groups of animals have always been debated in different and diverse

types of media. The terrestrial arthropods correspond to the greatest part of the known biotic diversity

in the world, being a group of high diversity (high biomass) with many taxa acting as excellent

bioindicators (ANDERSEN, 1990; SCHOWALTER, 1995; BROWN, 1997; FISCHER, 2000;

FERRIER et al., 2004). With high richness and abundance, they cause fascination or fear upon

people, being therefore inspiration for many themes in different kinds of media, mainly because there

are, in the urban environment, many species of different groups of arthropods (spiders, ticks, flies,

mosquitos, cockroaches etc.). So, the more common animals for the great public some arthropods are,

the more they will be used in movies and TV productions (BERENBAUM & LESKOSKY, 2003).

In the last 15 years, many papers have been published addressing the presence of arthropods

(especially insects) in the Pop Culture. COELHO (2000, 2004) made an analysis on insect as

references in lyrics and cover art of rock music albums. MARIÑO PÉREZ & MENDOZA

ALMERALLA (2006) studied the presence of insects and other arthropods in some movies from 1938

to 2002. CHANTOURY-LACOMBE (2009) observed the relation between insects and some painting

techniques used in renaissance Europe. MONSERRAT (2009, 2011) in these two studies approached

¹Laboratório de Diversidade de Aracnídeos (LABAR), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ²Laboratório de Insetos Aquáticos (LABIAQUA), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ³Laboratório de Entomologia (LabEnt), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Pedro de Souza Castanheira; [email protected]

1

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

the influence of arthropods in paintings of El Bosco and Salvador Dali, respectively. MONSERRAT

(2010) made a great study on tattoos being influenced by arthropods in different ways. DA-SILVA et

al. (2014) have recently discussed the presence of insects as heroes or villains in Marvel and DC

Comic Books. However, the presence of insects in movies is an old study, as a theme for some papers

in the past (e.g. MERTINS, 1986; LESKOSKY & BERENBAUM, 1988; BERENBAUM &

LESKOSKY, 1992).

Movies have been, since the beginning of last century, one of the most important people’s

hobbies, being a good media to produce information and to transmit it to a big audience. Insects and

other arthropods appear on the screen since the creation of movies, especially by the beginning of the

century XX. A good example is the demonstration of the behavior of a domestic fly on a mute British

short movie released in 1910, “The Acrobatic Fly” (also known as “The Balancing Bluebottle”),

showing to the audience the fly’s ability to hold small objects. The eminent success of this type of

movie led the director F. Percy Smith to produce another short documentary movie about insects

holding objects with their legs: “The Strength and Agility of Insects”, released in 1911.

This paper aims to do a survey of movies and TV series where arthropods participate of the

main plot from all times, including movies to be released in 2015. The analyses included featured

films, short films, animated feature films, animated shorts films and live action TV series. We decided

to exclude documentaries and animated TV series to delimitate the scope of our analysis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The main source for the present study was the Internet Movie Data Base (IMDB) website and

some blogs specialized on movies. The classification of groups of Arthropoda followed ZHANG

(2013) and the films and series were classified according to:

1) Genre (Science Fiction, Horror, Animation, Action, Short Etc.),

2) Taxonomic classification to the most specific level as possible

3) How arthropods are exploited in the productions (alien, super-hero, gigantic, mutant etc.)

4) Year of Production

5) Country of Production

6) Media (Cinema, TV Movie, TV Series or Internet)

Only movies and TV series where arthropods were part of the main plot were included in our

tables and analyses and TV animated cartoons were excluded from our research.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A significant number of movies/TV series were produced in the XXI century, over ½ of total,

in the last 14 years. Seventeen countries have produced movies based on insects so far, where only

three countries of them have co-productions (Mexico, Netherlands and Romania). 70% of the titles

were movies produced to be released in the theaters, 25.5% are TV Movies, 4% are TV Series and one

single movie was only released on YouTube (0.5%).

For taxonomic classification (Table 1), 15 orders of arthropods were identified, belonging to

177 movies and TV series (see attached table). From the total, 9 productions were inspired by more

than one insect, 4 productions had insects and arachnids as inspiration, 3 productions were inspired by

unidentified maggots and 8 productions had fictional alien arthropods in the main plot. Among the

orders of arthropods, Hymenoptera was the most diverse with three different groups of taxa (ants,

bees and wasps).

2

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Table - 1: Taxonomic diversity of Arthropods in movies and TV series.

Phylum Subphylum Class Order Suborder Infraorder Number of

Productions

Arthropoda

Chelicerata Arachnida

Scorpiones

7

Solifugae

1

Araneae

34

Ixodida

1

Myriapoda Chilopoda

2

Diplopoda

1

Crustacea Malacostraca Isopoda

1

Decapoda Pleocyemata Brachyura 2

Hexapoda Insecta

Odonata

2

Orthoptera Ensifera

3

Caelifera

5

Mantodea 4

Blattodea 11

Hymenoptera 47

Coleoptera 8

Lepidoptera 9

Diptera 15

Siphonaptera 1

Movies/TV series were influenced by the following taxa of arthropods, which composed the

main plot: Hexapoda - Order Hymenoptera (47 productions), Order Diptera (15), Order Blattodea

(11), Order Lepidoptera (9), Coleoptera (8), Order Mantodea (4), Order Odonata (2), Order

Siphonaptera (1), Order Orthoptera (Suborder Caelifera with 5 and Suborder Ensifera with 3

productions); Cheliceromorpha - Order Araneae (34), Order Scorpiones (7), Solifugae (1), Ixodida

(1); Crustacea - Infra-Order Brachyura (2), Order Isopoda (1); Myriapoda - Class Chilopoda (2),

Class Diplopoda (1).

In relation to taxonomic categories included in the orders, it is important to notice that from

46 productions within Hymenoptera, 23 are inspired by bees, 17 by ants (family Formicidae) and 7 by

wasps (family Vespidae). About spiders, from 34 exclusive productions, in only one a genus

(Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 - Theridiidae) was identified, a black-widow of the movie “Curse of

the Black Widow” (1977) (Fig. 1). In Diptera, from 15 productions, in only one of them we can

recognize a family of flies, not because of morphological characteristics, but by the metaphor used to

create the character: the horsefly (Tabanidae) from the animated short “A Horsefly Fleas” (1947) (Fig.

2). About beetles, two families can be recognized. The first is Scarabaeidae and its sub-family of

rhino-beetles Dynastinae in four Japanese productions about super-heroes, “Juukou B-Fighter” (1995-

1996), “B-Fighter Kabuto” (1996-1997) (Fig. 3), “Big Bad Beetleborgs” (1996-1998) and “Kabuto-O

Beetle” (2005), and one about a pre-historic monster “Godzilla vs. Megalon” (1973). The second is

Lampyridae, the firefly, in the Italian Thriller film “Phenomena” (1985).

3

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Figures 1–3: 1, Poster of the film “The Curse of the Black Widow”; 2, The metaphoric horsefly

of the animated short “A Horsefly Fleas”; 3, Scene of the series B-Fighter Kabuto showing the

inspiration of rhino beetles to the characters.

Movies and TV series consider the arthropods, especially insects, every creature with a

carapace and specific number of legs, not taking in consideration important structures like antenna

and mouth parts. Mostly on films exploiting gigantic creatures, important morphological features

sometimes are erroneously placed, like antenna on the head of spiders in some movies, even though

they do not really have. How a certain structure really works is another problem in some movies. For

example, how the chelicerae of a Mygalomorphae spider work, like in the movie “Tarantula!” (1955)

or how a compound eye really works, as a mosaic of images instead of a repetition of images like in

the movie “Empire of Ants” (1977) (Fig. 4).

In contrast, in many productions, morphological aspects are truly considered and the

presented arthropods are really close to the reality, mostly from movies that exploit infestation of

arthropods, mainly because many times multiple real arthropods are used in the productions, like the

1978 movie “The Swarm”, where they used live African bees in all the scenes by removing their

stingers, and the 1990 movie “Arachnophobia” (Fig. 5), where they used real spiders of different

species to simulate an attack to a town in the United States. On the other hand, even though

infestation movies are more propitious to respect morphological features, some disaster movies with

gigantic animals, respect such characteristics. In the 1957 movie “The Deadly Mantis” (Fig. 6) for

example, important features like raptorial front-legs, the most notable features of the order Mantodea,

is respected.

4

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Figures 4–6: 4, Poster of the movie “Empire of Ants”; 5, Poster of the movie “Arachnophobia”;

6, Scene of the movie “The Deadly Mantis” shows the raptorial front leg of the mantis, a correct

character of the order.

The identification and the relation of arthropods within the script and how they are exploited

in the productions are the main objective of this paper. Aside other type of productions like comedy

and thriller films, most of the productions showing insects as bad and problematic belong to the genre

horror (36 productions) and science fiction (69 productions) movies and series. 45 movies/series

explored the fear that people feel of arthropods by expressing them as gigantic evil creatures that must

be killed or overcome, 6 expressed this fear represented by gigantic pre-historic monsters (in Japan)

and 35 titles exploring the arthropods as deadly mutant creatures. The main part of those films were

produced in the 1950’s in the United States like “The Deadly Mantis”, “Tarantula” (1955) (Fig. 7),

“Earth vs. Spider” (1958), “Beginning of the End” (1957), “Them!” (1954), where they used to be

considered “B movies” but that after some time became famous, being considered as classic features,

and in the 1960’s, 1970’s and 2000’s in Japan in the so called kaiju (strange creature) movies like

“Mothra” (Fig. 8), “Godzilla vs. The Thing” and “Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant

Monsters All-Out Attack”. However, after some decades in oblivion after the 1970’s, this type of

films started to be produced again in the United States, like “Centipede!” (2004) (Fig. 9), “Big Ass

Spider” (2013) (Fig. 10), “Spiders” (2013) (Fig. 11), “Lavalantula” (2015), and “Ice Spiders” (2007)

leveraged by the SyFy Channel on TV.

5

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Figures 7 – 10: 7, Poster of the movie “Tarantula!” showing an incorrect position of the

chelicera; 8, Scene of the Japanese movie “Mothra”, one of the most famous kaiju movies of all

times; 9, Poster of the movie “Centipede!”; 10, Scene of destruction from the movie “Big-Ass

Spider”; 11, Poster of the movie “Spiders”.

The fear that arthropods cause upon human also have been represented by infestation movies,

principally by social insects like bees and ants (Hymenoptera). 28 productions were included in this

category, from the 1930’s to 2010’s, and the distribution of productions throughout time is uniform,

where there is no decade with a high abundance in comparison with others. The last two categories of

productions that show arthropods as bad and harmful have mutant bugs represented by either

humanoid or genetically modified arthropods and unidentified aliens in the main plot. Our research

identified 36 and 7 productions respectively. All this fear is probably caused by the fact that many

arthropods are considered injurious, being related to diseases and because some of them use poison to

capture and kill their prey (RUPPERT & BARNES, 1996). An important feature present in many of

these productions is the metamorphosis/development of insects, where this can be seen in “The Fly”

(1986) (Fig. 12), where a man has his DNA modified by the DNA of a domestic fly, and he starts to

experience body changes, being transformed through metamorphosis into a giant fly, and in the movie

“Mosquito” (1995), where there is showed the life cycle of egg and adult, even though they forget to

demonstrate the stages between these two.

6

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Figure 12: Poster of the movie “The Fly”, one of the most important and famous movies based

on arthropods.

On the other hand, a few number of productions show arthropods as important and fearless.

Most of them are animated features (13 productions), animated shorts (20 productions) and super-hero

action movies and series (13 productions). About super-hero movies, only in Spider-Man productions

(2002, 2004, 2007, 2012, and 2014 in USA and 1978-1979 in Japan), based on Marvel characters,

there is an intrinsic participation of the arthropod, where the character Peter Parker is bitten by a

genetic modified spider and starts to present super-powers, given from the animal, like production of

silk, ability to climb walls and accurate senses. However, in other Japanese heroes inspired by insects,

like “Kamen Rider” (1971 – present) (Fig. 13), or in productions from the United States, like “Ant-

Man” (2015), the characters are just inspired by insects, with no direct interaction.

Figure 13: The main character of the Japanese series “Kamen Rider”, a super-hero based on a

grasshopper.

7

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

On animated features and animated shorts, there is a clearly predominance, as much as in

infestation movies, of social insects, especially bees and ants (8 and 5 respectively), but other insects

like grasshoppers, crickets, flys, cockroaches and beetles are also represented. Among the arachnids,

spiders are the only group represented, mostly as villains, while the Subphylum Myriapoda was

represented by one ecological animated short. Other arthropods had low representativeness or had

secondary roles.

Main character insects are showed in the productions with anthropomorphic characters.

Therefore, they walk with an upright posture and have only two pairs of members, where the anterior

ones have hands and fingers to handle objects, and the posterior pair of members is used to walk

properly, with distinguishable feet, like the ants in the movie “Bug’s Life” (1998), On the other hand,

the villain grasshopper of this same production was represented by six legs and a lesser degree of

anthropomorphism. About the spiders, the reduction of the number of legs on the characters is not as

common as in the insects, but is possible, with no less than 3 pairs. Furthermore, the main part of the

arthropods in animated features have face, big eyes with eyelids, eyelashes and eyebrows, also with a

nose and mouth inspired from humans. This pattern occurs in many productions, mainly on Disney’s

shorts (especially the “Silly Symphonies” series). In some cases, there are insects with facial hair like

on the short “Bee on Guard” (1951) (Fig. 14) or a mouth with teeth seen on “Bee Movie” (2007) (Fig.

15). Other characters commonly found on these productions are the verbal language and the rational

thought. Few exceptions to this pattern can be found on the short movie “Swat the Fly” (1935), where

a fly is represented without any anthropomorphic trait, and on “There’s Something About a Soldier”

(1934) where mosquitos are represented with a low degree of anthropomorphism.

There are no diagnostic morphological characteristic for all insects in animation features,

although the main part of them have a pair of antenna and only one pair of wings, instead of two.

About Diplopoda, the lack of the second pair of legs on each segment of the millipede in the short

animated “The Millipede: How do I do What I Do?” (2009) is evident. Furthermore, there are some

characters that only represent a specific group of insects like the colour pattern and the sting in bees

and the elytra in beetles. Flies, mosquitos were represented without antenna, like in the animated short

“The Spider and the Fly” (1931). In other cases, the present insect had no morphological feature to

distinguish it, being only identified by the context it is inserted in, like in the animated shorts “An Itch

in Time” (1943) (Fig. 16) and “A Horsefly Fleas” (1947). About the spiders, the only recognizable

characteristic is the number of legs, always in more number in relation to the insects on the same

production. However, they were easily identified by the web-constructing behavior, whereas in one

production the chelicera is present, represented by a sharp tooth, also seen in “The Spider and the

Fly”.

The behavior is one of the most exploited characters among the arthropods in animated

productions. Most of the films that exploit social insects, the animals present sociable behavior, being

presented working together, in some cases with a clear caste division, like in the movie “Antz”

(1998). In relation to the bees, the pollen collection and honey production are well exploited

behaviors. Crickets and grasshoppers are represented mostly as musical characters, however sound

production is associated with some musical instrument instead of some stridulatory organ, like what is

seen in the animated short “The Grasshopper and the Ants” (1934) and in the Brazilian film “Happy

Cricket” (2001). Moths are represented by anthropomorphic characters and have the behavior of being

attracted by the warm light of candles in the short animated “Moth and the Flame” (1938) (Fig. 17).

Ecology is present in the movie “Bug’s Life”, where there is an alleged ecological mutualistic

association between ants and aphids where the queen ant has an aphid as a pet (Fig. 18) or the

association between the horsefly and a flea on “A Horsefly Fleas”. There is also an association

between behavior and ecology in the animated short “Mickey’s Garden” where Mickey, a mouse, and

Pluto, a dog, try to kill many species of insects in a garden. On the other hand, the insects

communicate between themselves using their antenna in order to survive and to feed from the garden.

Here, we can identify some different species of grasshoppers and juveniles of butterflies, besides

mosquitos of the family Culicidae, flies from the family Muscidae and beetles of the family

Lucanidae, a common family from the United States and Europe.

8

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Figures 14–18: 14, An anthropomorphic bearded bee of the animated short “Bee on Guard”; 15,

Poster of the film “Bee Movie” showing anthropomorphic bees; 16, Indistinguishable flea of the

animated short “An Itch in Time”; 17, The behavior of being attracted to the heat by a moth in

the short “Moth and the Flame”; 18, A queen ant and its pet aphid in the movie “Bug’s Life”.

CONCLUSIONS

Movies and series are, since the beginning of the XX century, one of the most productive

media, sharing and spreading information to all age groups, from kids to senior citizens. Therefore, as

the arthropods are in contact with humans in the daily-basis, naturally they are a good source of

information to be used on the screen. However, they are more likely to be used as villains or to be

considered bad and harmful, especially by the association of arthropods to diseases and death. Thus,

mainly in the 1950’s and in 2000’s, this association between the phylum and fear inspired

screenwriters and producers of many films.

Morphological characters of the arthropods shown the screen do not match with the reality in

most of the productions. In movies and series that show them as evil, some structures are highlighted

aside the big size of the animals, to increase the sensation of terror. In infestation movies, real animals

were used in many cases, approaching the situation to the real world, and in mutation movies

arthropods have their morphological characters mixed with human characters many times. On the

other hand, in animation productions, more realistic arthropods are used as the villains and more

anthropomorphic characters like facial hair, human eyes, hands and feet are used to approach the

heroes and main characters of the productions to the general public in order to cause affection. These

productions show them as good and respect ecological and behavior features.

9

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

REFERENCES

1. BERENBAUM, M.R. & LESKOSKY, R.J. 1992. Life history strategies and populations biology

in science fiction films. Bull.Ecol.Soc.Am. 73: 236-240.

2. BERENBAUM, M.R. & LESKOSKY, R.J. 2003. Insects in movies. pp. 756-762. In Resh, V.H.

& R.T. Cardé (eds.), Encyclopedia of insects. Academia Press.

3. CHANTOURY-LACOMBE, F. 2009. “L’insectarium de l’histoire de l’art ou le pouvoir de

fascination de la peinture (Hommage à Daniel Arasse). Canadian Art Review 34.2: 20-27.

4. COELHO, J.R., 2000. Insects in Rock and Roll music. American Entomologist 46 (3): 186-200.

5. COELHO, J. R., 2004. Insects in Rock and Roll cover art. American Entomologist 50 (3): 142-

151.

6. DA-SILVA, E.R., COELHO, L.B.N., SANTOS, E.L.S., CAMPOS, T.R.M., MIRANDA, G.S.,

ARAÚJO, T.C. & CARELLI, A., 2014. Marvel and DC characters inspired by Insects. Reseatch

Expo International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 4 (3): 10 -36.

7. LESKOSKY, R.J. & BERENBAUM, M.R. 1988. Insects in animated films; not all “bugs” are

bunnies. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am., 34: 55-63.

8. MARIÑO PÉREZ, R. & MENDOZA ALMERALLA, C., 2006. Los Insectos em el cine. Un

estudio preliminar. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 38: 415-421.

9. MERTINS, J.W.1986. Arthropods on the screen. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 32: 85-90.

10. MONTESERRAT, V.J. 2009. Los artrópodos en la obra de Hieronymus Van Aken (El Bosco).

Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 45: 589-615.

11. MONTESERRAT, V.J. 2011. Los artrópodos en la arte de Salvador Dalí. ). Boletín de la

Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 49: 413-434.

12. RUPPERT, E. E. & BARNES, R.D. 1996. Zoologia dos invertebrados, 6th edition. São Paulo:

Roca.

13. ZHANG, Z.-Q. 2013. Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey

of Taxonomic Richness. Zootaxa 3703: 1–82.

10

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Attached table: list of movies and TV series inspired by insects with production details, in

chronological order.

Title Genre Arthropod Year Country Media

The Acrobatic Fly Short Fly 1910 United Kingdom Cinema

The Strength and Agility of

Insects Short Insects 1911 United Kingdom Cinema

The Spider and the Fly Animated Short Spider and Fly 1931 United States Cinema

The Bears and the Bees Animated Short Bee 1932 United States Cinema

Bugs in Love Animated Short Beetle 1932 United States Cinema

City of Wax Animated Short Bee 1934 United States Cinema

The King's Tailor Animated Short Bee 1934 United States Cinema

The Grasshopper and the Ants

Animated Short Grasshopper

and Ant 1934 United States Cinema

Yellow Jack Drama Mosquito 1934 United States Cinema

There’s Something About a

Soldier Animated Short Mosquito 1934 United States Cinema

Mickey's Garden Animated Short Insects 1935 United States Cinema

Swat the Fly Animated Short Fly 1935 United States Cinema

Moth and the Flame Animated Short Moth 1938 United States Cinema

Mr. Bug goes to town Animation Grasshopper 1941 United States Cinema

An Itch in Time Animated Short Flea 1943 United States Cinema

Meatless Flyday Animated Short Spider and Fly 1944 United States Cinema

The Gay Anties Animation Short Ant 1947 United States Cinema

A Horsefly Fleas Animated Short Flea and

Horsefly 1947 United States Cinema

Bumble Boogie Animated Short Bee 1948 United States Cinema

Bee at the Beach Animated Short Bee 1950 United States Cinema

Bee on Guard Animated Short Bee 1951 United States Cinema

Let's Stick Together Animated Short Bee 1952 United States Cinema

Mesa of Lost Women Science Fiction Spider 1953 United States Cinema

Them! Science Fiction Ant 1954 United States Cinema

The Naked Jungle Adventure Ant 1954 United States Cinema

Tarantula! Science Fiction Spider 1955 United States Cinema

Attack of the Crab Monsters Science Fiction Crab 1957 United States Cinema

The Black Scorpion Science Fiction Scorpion 1957 United States Cinema

Beginning of the End Science Fiction Grasshopper 1957 United States Cinema

The Deadly Mantis Science Fiction Mantis 1957 United States Cinema

Monster from Green Hell Science Fiction Wasp 1957 United States Cinema

Earth vs the Spider Science Fiction Spider 1958 United States Cinema

Missile to the Moon Horror Spider 1958 United States Cinema

The Strange World of Planet

X/Cosmic Monsters Science Fiction

Insects and

Arachnids 1958 United Kingdom Cinema

The Fly Science Fiction Fly 1958 United States Cinema

The Tingler Horror Centipede 1959 United States Cinema

Return of the Fly Science Fiction Fly 1959 United States Cinema

The Wasp Woman Science Fiction Wasp 1959 United States Cinema

11

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Horrors of Spider Island Horror Spider 1960 Germany Cinema

Mothra Science Fiction Moth 1961 Japan Cinema

Godzilla vs. The Thing Science Fiction Moth 1964 Japan Cinema

The Deadly Bees Horror Bee 1966 United Kingdom Cinema

Curse of the Fly Science Fiction Fly 1966 United Kingdom Cinema

Destroy All Monsters Science Fiction Moth 1968 Japan Cinema

The Blood Beast Terror Horror Moth 1968 United Kingdom Cinema

The Hellstrom Chronicle Science Fiction Insects 1971 United States Cinema

Invasion of the Bee Girls Horror Bee 1973 United States Cinema

Godzilla vs. Megalon Science Fiction Rhino Beetle 1973 Japan Cinema

A Very Merry Cricket Animation Cricket 1973 United States TV

Killer Bees Horror Bee 1974 United States TV

Phase IV Science Fiction Ant 1974 United States Cinema

Locusts Horror Grasshopper 1974 United States TV

The Giant Spider Invasion Science Fiction Spider 1975 United States Cinema

Bug Science Fiction Cockroach 1975 United States Cinema

The Savage Bees Horror Bee 1976 United States TV

Kiss of the Tarantula Horror Spider 1976 United States Cinema

Kingdom of the Spiders Horror Spider 1977 United States Cinema

Tarantulas: The Deadly

Cargo Horror Spider 1977 United States TV

Curse of the Black Widow Horror Spider -

Latrodectus 1977 United States TV

Empire of the Ants Science Fiction Ant 1977 United States Cinema

Ants! Horror Ant 1977 United States TV

The Bees Science Fiction Bee 1978 United States / Mexico Cinema

The Swarm Science Fiction Bee 1978 United States Cinema

Katy Caterpillar Animation Butterfly

(Caterpillar) 1984 Spain / Mexico Cinema

Gallavants Animation Ant 1984 United States Cinema

Phenomena Thriller Firefly and Fly 1985 Italy Cinema

The Fly Science Fiction Fly 1986 United States / Canada /

United Kingdom Cinema

Evil Spawn Science Fiction Alien 1987 United States TV

The Nest Science Fiction Cockroach 1988 United States Cinema

Meet the Applegates Comedy Mantis 1989 United States Cinema

The Fly II Science Fiction Fly 1989 United States Cinema

Arachnophobia Horror Spider 1990 United States Cinema

Juke Bar Animated Short Cockroach 1990 Canada TV

Peterchens Mondfahrt Animation Beetle 1990 Germany Cinema

Naked Lunch Drama Insects 1991 Canada / United Kingdom

/ Japan Cinema

Ticks Science Fiction Tick 1993 United States Cinema

Skeeter Science Fiction Mosquito 1993 United States Cinema

Deadly Invasion: The Killer

Bee Nightmare Science Fiction Bee 1995 United States TV

Mosquito Science Fiction Mosquito 1995 United States Cinema

The Wasp Woman Science Fiction Wasp 1995 United States TV

12

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Joe's Apartment Comedy Cockroach 1996 United States Cinema

Starship Troopers Science Fiction Alien 1997 United States Cinema

Bugged! Comedy Cockroach 1997 United States Cinema

Mimic Science Fiction Cockroach 1997 United States Cinema

Men in Black Comedy Cockroach 1997 United States Cinema

Bug Buster Comedy Cockroach 1998 United States Cinema

A Bug's Life Animation Ant 1998 United States Cinema

Antz Animation Ant 1998 United States Cinema

Legion of Fire: Killer Ants! Horror Ant 1998 United States TV

Spiders Science Fiction Spider 2000 United States Cinema

They Nest Science Fiction Cockroach 2000 United States / Canada TV

Godzilla vs. Megaguirus Science Fiction Dragonfly 2000 Japan Cinema

Proboscis Horror Mosquito 2000 United States TV

Flying Virus Science Fiction Bee 2001 United States / Brazil Cinema

Earth vs the Spider Science Fiction Spider 2001 United States Cinema

Arachnid Science Fiction Spider 2001 Spain Cinema

Spiders II: Breeding Ground Science Fiction Spider 2001 United States Cinema

Mimic 2 Science Fiction Cockroach 2001 United States Cinema

The Mummy Returns Adventure Scorpion 2001 United States Cinema

Tail Sting Science Fiction Scorpion 2001 United States Cinema

Happy Cricket Animation Cricket 2001 Brazil Cinema

Godzilla, Mothra and King

Ghidorah: Giant Monsters

All-Out Attack

Science Fiction Moth 2001 Japan Cinema

Killer Bees! Action Bee 2002 Canada TV

Eight Legged Freaks Comedy Spider 2002 United States / Australia Cinema

Spider-Man Adventure Spider 2002 United States Cinema

Infested Science Fiction Wasp 2002 United States Cinema

Arachnia Science Fiction Spider 2003 United States Cinema

Webs Science Fiction Spider 2003 United States Cinema

Mimic: Sentinel Science Fiction Cockroach 2003 United States Cinema

Deadly Stingers Horror Scorpion 2003 United States Cinema

Bugs Science Fiction Scorpion 2003 United States / Canada TV

The Bone Snatcher Horror Ant 2003 United Kingdom/Canada TV

Starship Troopers 2 Science Fiction Alien 2004 United States TV

The Spider Forest Horror Spider 2004 South Korea Cinema

Creepies Science Fiction Spider 2004 United States Cinema

Spider-Man 2 Adventure Spider 2004 United States Cinema

Centipede! Action Centipede 2004 United States TV

Monster Island Horror Ant 2004 United States TV

Erik of het klein

insectenboek Adventure Insects 2004 Belgium / Netherlands Cinema

Killer Bees Horror Bee 2005 Japan Cinema

Kabuto-O Beetle Action Beetle 2005 Japan Cinema

Stinger Horror Scorpion 2005 United States / Sweden Cinema

13

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Glass Trap Action Ant 2005 United States TV

Locusts: The 8th Plague Horror Grasshopper 2005 United States TV

Insecticidal Horror Insects and

Arachnids 2005 Canada Cinema

Larva Science Fiction Maggot 2005 United States / Germany TV

Mansquito Science Fiction Mosquito 2005 United States TV

Swarmed Science Fiction Wasp 2005 Canada TV

Caved In: Prehistoric Terror Horror Beetle 2006 United States/Canada TV

Scorpius Gigantus Action Scorpion 2006 United States TV

The Ant Bully Animation Ant 2006 United States Cinema

Slither Science Fiction Maggot 2006 United States Cinema

Final Days of Planet Earth Horror Mantis 2006 United States TV

Bee Movie Animation Bee 2007 United States / Australia Cinema

Black Swarm Horror Bee 2007 Canada TV

The Mist Horror Alien 2007 United States Cinema

Ice Spiders Horror Spider 2007 United States / Germany TV

In the Spider's Web Science Fiction Spider 2007 United States TV

Spider-Man 3 Adventure Spider 2007 United States Cinema

Italian Spiderman Action Spider 2007 Australia Youtube

Destination: Infestation Science Fiction Ant 2007 Canada TV

Killer Bees Horror Bee 2008 Germany TV

The Secret Life of Bees Drama Bee 2008 United States Cinema

Starship Troopers 3:

Marauder Science Fiction Alien 2008 United States TV

The Hive Horror Ant 2008 United States TV

Superhero Movie Comedy Dragonfly 2008 United States Cinema

Fly me to the Moon Animation Fly 2008 Belgium Cinema

Infestation Action Alien 2009 United States Cinema

High Plains Invaders Science Fiction Alien 2009 Canada / Romania TV

King Crab Attack Short Crab 2009 France TV

The Happy Cricket and the

Giant Bugs Animation Cricket 2009 Brazil Cinema

The Thaw Science Fiction Maggot 2009 United States / Canada Cinema

The Millipede: How do I do

What I Do? Animated Short Millipede 2009 United States TV

Hutch the Honeybee Animation Bee 2010 Japan Cinema

The Great Indian Butterfly Drama Butterfly 2010 India Cinema

Mothman Horror Moth 2010 United States TV

1313: Giant Killer Bees! Science Fiction Bee 2011 United States Cinema

Camel Spiders Science Fiction Camel Spider 2011 United States TV

Arachnoquake Science Fiction Spider 2012 United States TV

The Amazing Spider-Man Adventure Spider 2012 United States Cinema

The Bay Horror Isopod 2012 United States Cinema

Eega Fantasy Fly 2012 India Cinema

Dragon Wasps Science Fiction Wasp 2012 United States TV

Big Ass Spider! Science Fiction Spider 2013 United States Cinema

14

Vignettes of Research ISSN : 2320 – 1797

Volume - III, Issue - I ● January - 2015

Spiders Science Fiction Spider 2013 United States Cinema

Enemy Thriller Spider 2013 United States Cinema

The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Adventure Spider 2014 United States Cinema

Lavalantula Horror Spider 2015 United States TV

Ant Man Adventure Ant 2015 United States Cinema

Stung Horror Wasp 2015 United States TV

Kamen Rider Action Grasshopper 1971 - today Japan TV Series

Spider-Man Adventure Spider 1978-1979 Japan TV Series

M.A.N.T.I.S. Science Fiction Mantis 1994-1995 United States TV Series

Juukou B-Fighter Action Beetle 1995-1996 Japan TV Series

B-Fighter Kabuto Action Beetle 1996-1997 Japan TV Series

Big Bad Beetleborgs Action Beetle 1996-1998 Japan TV Series

The Bigbugs Comedy Insects 1998-2000 Israel TV Series

15