AIDJEX Main Experiment 1975-76 - Polar Science Center

Energy, Mines and Energie, Mines et * Resources Canada Ressources Canada

March 10 , 1976

D r . Norbert U n t e r s t e i n e r , ' A I D J E X , Univers i ty of Washington Divis ion of Marine Resources, 4059 Roosevelt Way N.E . , S e a t t l e , Washington. U. S. A. 98105

Dear Norber t ,

Your file Votre rdf6renc.s

Our file Nolre rdf6rence

A y e a r ago I wondered whether t h i s day would e v e r come when we would be i n d i c a t i n g ou r evacua t ion p r i o r i t i e s . Our p r i o r i t i e s a r e a s fol lows:

1. A l l CH-25 and SBX-11 r ad ios . The r a d i o b e a c o d ,

2 . Track v e h i c l e .

3. B a t t e r y chargers .

4 . Nansen and pu lka s l e d s .

5. A l l camp equipment such a s c h a i r s , t a b l e s , beds and m a t t r e s s e s . Kitchen equipment.

6. P a r c o l l b u i l d i n g s , t e n t s and space h e a t e r s .

7'. Fuel b ladders .

8. D i e s e l g ene ra to r .

Some of t h i s m a t e r i a l i s i n very s h o r t supply and any of it t h a t w e could g e t back would be apprec ia ted . I was d i sappoin ted t o h e a r about t h e DC-3 s t r i p o f f Cariboo yes te rday .

Very t r u l y yours ,

G. D. Hobson, D i r e c t o r , P o l a r Con t inen ta l Shelf P r o j e c t .

Fourth F loor , Ci ty Centre Tower, 880 Wellington S t r e e t , Ottawa, Ontar io . K1A OE4

c c R. B jo rne t A. Heiberg

Lainont - Doherty Geological Observatory alisades, N. Y. 10964 of Columbia University

i Cable: LAMONT. Palisades, N e w York State Telepnone: Code 914, Elmwood 9-2900

TWX: 710-878-2663

March 17, 1976

TO: Lamont Oceanographers on AIDJEX

FROM: K. Hunkins

SUBJECT: Termination of Oceanography Program and Evacuation

1. Schedule: The satellite camps will cease operation first

followed by Caribou. The last oceanographic profiles and re-

cordings will be taken on April 20th on Blue Fox and Snowbird.

The last data on Caribou will be taken on April 25th.

2. Priorities - The order of priorities for evacuation is 3

1/ Scientific data

2 / Scientific equipment:

STD sensor and deck unit, Plessey DDL, Autosal,

DSRT1s, current meters and deck read outs, recorders.

3 / Test equipment, tools

4 / PCM winches - 600 lbs. each with cable 5/ Small STD winches

Discard plastic mast tubing.

It now appears that removal of the large STD winch

at Caribou is not possible and presumably no attempt will be

made to recover it. Note that in case it does become possible

to recover it, weights are: Drum assembly with cable 3,500 lbs.

Engine and hydraulic unit 750 '

T e r m i n a t i o n o f o c e a n o g r a p h y p r o g r a m a n d e v a c u a t i o n - 2 - March 1 7 , 1 9 7 6

L e a v e e x p e n d a b l e i t e m s b e h i n d s u c h a s o i l , t r a n s -

m i s s i o n f l u i d , r o p e , e t c .

3 . Manpower - The o c e a n o g r a p h e r s a t t h e s a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n s w i l l

r e t u r n t o C a r i b o u when t h e i r e q u i p m e n t h a s b e e n p a c k e d a n d

s h i p p e d t o C a r i b o u . A t C a r i b o u t h e y w i l l h e l p w i t h p a c k i n g

t h e r e . They s h o u l d d e p a r t f o r Bar row when t h e y a r e no l o n g e r

n e e d e d a t C a r i b o u . O c e a n o g r a p h e r s a t C a r i b o u w i l l s u p e r v i s e

p a c k i n g and s h i p p i n g o f e q u i p m e n t t o Barrow. A f t e r a l l Lamont

g e a r h a s b e e n removed t o B a r r o w i t w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y f o r o n e

Larnonter t o s t a y t h e r e t o o v e r s e e r e s h i p m e n t b a c k t o P a l i s a d e s .

W e d o n o t p l a n t o s t o r e a n y t h i n g a t N A R L .

I A l l a n a n d A n d r e a s w i l l c o o r d i n a t e t h e movements

a n d d e p a r t u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l o c e a n o g r a p h e r s s o t h a t t h e p r o g r a m s

s h u t down on s c h e d u l e and t h e g e a r r e t u r n s i n a s o r d e r l y f a s h i o n

as p o s s i b l e t o Lamont.

A l l i t e m s w h i c h a r e n o t e x p e c t e d t o , b e u s e d s h o u l d

b e p a c k e d a h e a d o f t i m e a n d s h i p p e d o u t e a r l y i f p o s s i b l e ; e . g .

s p a r e c u r r e n t m e t e r s , s p a r e STD, e t c .

4 . The Lamont o c e a n o g r a p h y p r o g r a m h a s b e e n a c r e d i t t o a l l o f

t h o s e who worked o n i t . Now t h a t i t i s d r a w i n g t o a c l o s e i t i s

e v i d e n t t h a t we h a v e l a r g e l y a c c o m p l i s h e d t h e o b j e c t i v e s we s e t

i n s p i t e o f numerous d i f f i c u l t i e s . The AIDJEX O c e a n o g r a p h i c

P r o g r a m ' w i l l u n d o u b t e d l y b e a m i l e s t o n e i n t h e s c i e n t i f i c ex -

i p l o r a t i o n o f t h e A r c t i c Ocean.

O P E R A T I O N S M A N U A L

FOR THE

A I D J E X M A I N E X P E R I M E N T

Prepared i n January 1975

by the

A r c t i c I c e Dynamics J o i n t Experiment 4057 Roosevel t Way N. E.

Sea t t l e , Washington 98105

F inanc ia l support f o r AIDJEX i s prov ided by the Nat ional Science Foundation,

the O f f i c e o f Naval Research, and o the r U.S. and Canadian agencies.

0 for a lodge i n a garden o f cucumbers! 0 for an iceberg or two a t control! 0 for a vale which a t mid-day the dew cumbers! 0 for a pleasure t r i p up t o the Pole!

--Rossiter Johnson

PREFACE

The A I D J E X main experiment descr ibed i n t h i s Operations Manual w i l l be t h e most complex and ambitious f i e l d experiment y e t attempted i n t h e Arc t i c . It is t h e culminat ion of f i v e yea r s of t h e o r e t i c a l and experimental i n v e s t i - g a t i o n s , p i l o t s t u d i e s , t echn ica l development, and ope ra t iona l and adminis- t r a t i v e planning. Considering t h e number of persons and machines t h a t have t o func t ion properly and s imultaneously i n a d i f f i c u l t environment, i t i s c l e a r t h a t t h i s p ro j ec t involves some unusual ly high r i s k s .

I n March 1975, we w i l l e s t a b l i s h four manned s t a t i o n s i n t he c e n t r a l Beaufort Sea and ope ra t e them f o r fou r t een months. Twenty automatic d a t a buoys w i l l b e deployed i n p a i r s on a r i n g of 300 km r a d i u s around the c e n t r a l manned camp. The information acquired under subprograms 1-6 ( see S c i e n t i f i c Programs s e c t i o n ) c o n s t i t u t e s t he e s s e n t i a l d a t a s e t f o r t he development and use of t h e AIDJEX s e a i c e model.

The Operat ions Manual was prepared by t h e AIDJEX Office--Andreas Heiberg and Rolf B jo rne r t , i n par t icu lar - -wi th the he lp of t he Naval A r c t i c Research Laboratory, t h e funding agencies , and the p r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s . A l l p a r t i c i p a n t s a r e encouraged t o read the Manual c a r e f u l l y and adhere t o t h e p l ans and r u l e s a s they a r e descr ibed . Additions and s p e c i a l memoranda w i l l be d i s t r i b u t e d a s t he p r o j e c t develops.

N . Un te r s t e ine r P r o j e c t Di rec tor

This document has been presented to the National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, and the Canadian Polar Continental Shelf Project a t the December 10, 1974 meeting in Washington, D. C.

I t out1 ines responsi bi 1 i t i e s of inst i tut ions and personnel involved in AIDJEX , , the coordination and management of the project , operational procedures, rules and recommendations for participants and logis t ics support requirements fo r the en t i re f i e ld program.

The manual should be studied by every participant who takes part in the f i e ld program.

f I - Natiofl Fcience Foundation

iii

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PROGRAM

AGENCY SUPPORT OF AIDJEX

The A r c t i c I c e Dynamics J o i n t Experiment (AIDJEX) i s a m u l t i n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i v e r e s e a r c h program aimed a t advancing man's unders tand ing of t h e l a r g e - s c a l e response of s e a i c e t o i t s environment. The i n f o r m a t i o n i t p r o v i d e s w i l l h e l p s o l v e many impor tan t t h e o r e t i c a l and p r a c t i c a l problems, r ang ing from t h e i n t e r a c t i o n between t h e i c e cover and g l o b a l c i r c u l a t i o n t o t h e passage of s h i p s i n ice-covered s e a s .

As l e a d agency f o r t h e e x t e n s i o n of U.S. a r c t i c r e s e a r c h , t h e N a t i o n a l Sc ience Foundation (NSF) i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p l a n n i n g , s u p e r v i s i n g , and c o o r d i n a t i n g U.S. p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n AIDJEX. The O f f i c e of P o l a r Programs (OPP) of NSF a l s o a c t s a s t h e c o o r d i n a t i n g agency f o r t h e U.S. government i n p r o v i d i n g l o g i s t i c s and r e s e a r c h s u p p o r t f o r t h e AIDJEX program. The O f f i c e of Naval Research (ONR) p r o v i d e s s u p p o r t f o r r e s e a r c h e f f o r t s and, through t h e Naval A r c t i c Research Labora to ry (NARL), p a r t i a l l o g i s t i c s suppor t f o r t h e f i e l d program. The N a t i o n a l Aeronau t ics and Space Adminis- t r a t i o n (NASA), t h e U.S. Geolog ica l Survey (USGS), and t h e Naval Oceanographic O f f i c e (NAVOCEANO) p r o v i d e s i g n i f i c a n t a i r c r a f t and equipment s u p p o r t of t h e remote s e n s i n g e f f o r t . S c i e n t i t i c c o o r d i n a t i o n of t h e NASA program i s provided through USGS. The N a t i o n a l Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis- t r a t i o n (NOAA) i s s u p p o r t i n g t h e development of an a r c t i c d a t a buoy.

The p r i n c i p a l Canadian p a r t i c i p a t i o n i s suppor ted and c o o r d i n a t e d through t h e P o l a r C o n t i n e n t a l S h e l f P r o j e c t (PCSP). P a r t i c i p a t i o n by groups from o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , e s p e c i a l l y Japan and t h e German F e d e r a l Republ ic , i s be ing contemplated, b u t no f i r m arrangements e x i s t a t t h i s t i m e .

AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES

The AIDJEX f i e l d program w i l l cu lmina te i n a 14-month exper iment conducted on t h e i c e n o r t h of P o i n t Barrow, Alaska, from March 1975 t o A p r i l 1976. A l l of t h e a g e n c i e s l i s t e d above have s p e c i f i c r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s toward t h i s f i e l d program, c a l l e d t h e main exper iment , t o e n s u r e i t s s u c c e s s and t h e s a f e t y of i t s p a r t i c i p a n t s .

The N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e Foundation (NSF) w i l l :

1. I n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h ONR, o v e r s e e and a d v i s e t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e on p l a n n i n g and conduct ing t h e main exper iment .

2. P r o v i d e l i a i s o n between t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e and domest ic and f o r e i g n agenc ies .

3. Coord ina te , w i t h AIDJEX, l o g i s t i c s and s c i e n c e s u p p o r t .

O r g a n i z a t i o n - Agencies

The O f f i c e of Naval Research (ONR) w i l l :

1. I n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h NSF, o v e r s e e and a d v i s e t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e on p l a n n i n g and conduct ing t h e main experiment.

2. Coord ina te , w i t h N A R L , t h e l o g i s t i c s s u p p o r t f o r t h e main exper iment .

The AIDJEX s t a f f w i l l :

( g e n e r a l ) 1. Coord ina te a g e n c i e s and p a r t i c i p a n t s i n t h e o v e r a l l p lann ing of t h e main exper iment .

2. I n t h e f i e l d , a r r a n g e l o g i s t i c s and s u p p o r t o p e r a t i o n s .

3 . J o i n t l y w i t h NARL and PCSP, s e l e c t camp s i t e s .

( s c i e n c e ) 4. Coord ina te t h e o v e r a l l s c i e n c e program.

5. C o n t r a c t f o r and p r o c u r e au tomat ic d a t a buoys, d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n sys tems , n a v i g a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , and m e t e o r o l o g i c a l sys tems , and b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e i r o p e r a t i o n and maintenance i n t h e f i e l d .

( l o g i s t i c s ) 6. J o i n t l y w i t h NARL and PCSP, b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r

a . Deploying t h e camps. b . Main ta in ing and o p e r a t i n g t h e s t a t i o n s throughout t h e exper iment . c . Evacuat ing t h e s t a t i o n s a f t e r t h e exper iment i s completed. d. Schedul ing a i r c r a f t s u p p o r t . e. Arranging r a d i o communications w i t h s h o r e s t a t i o n s and s u p p o r t a i r c r a f t . f . Ensur ing t h e s a f e t y of t h e f i e l d o p e r a t i o n s .

7. P rov ide equipment and p e r s o n n e l as o u t l i n e d i n t h e L o g i s t i c s Support s e c t i o n (Appendix A) .

The Naval A r c t i c Research Labora to ry (NARZ) w i l l

1. B e communications guard and s a f e t y - o f - f l i g h t moni tor f o r a i r c r a f t f l y i n g between Barrow and t h e i c e s t a t i o n s , as d e s c r i b e d i n t h e A i r Opera- t i o n s s e c t i o n .

2 . Inform t h e Dewline s t a t i o n s i n Barrow of a i r c r a f t a c t i v i t i e s .

3 . A l e r t F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n and Alaskan A i r Command of any a i r c r a f t emergency.

4. P r o v i d e r a d i o communication w i t h t h e i c e s t a t ; i o n s .

5. Prov ide t e l e t y p e communications w i t h t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e , ONR, NSF, and o t h e r a g e n c i e s .

6. P r o v i d e s t o r a g e and maintenance f a c i l i t i e s f o r equipment and s u p p l i e s a t NARL . 7. P rov ide s u p p l i e s , equipment, and p e r s o n n e l s u p p o r t i n accordance w i t h t h e L o g i s t i c s Support s e c t i o n .

8. J o i n t l y w i t h PCSP and AIDJEX s t a f f , s e l e c t camp s i t e s .

O r g a n i z a t i o n - Agencies

The P o l a r C o n t i n e n t a l S h e l f -. P r o j e c t (PCSP) w i l l

1. Prov ide r a d i o communication w i t h i c e s t a t i o n s .

2. P rov ide communications guard and s a f e t y - - o f - f l i g h t moni tor f o r a i r c r a f t f l y i n g between Tuktoyaktuk and t h e i c e s t a t i o n s ( s e e A i r Opera t ions s e c t i o n ) .

3 . Inform t h e Dewline s t a t i o n i n Tuktoyaktuk of a i r c r a f t a c t i v i t i e s .

4 . A l e r t Canadian M i n i s t r y of T r a n s p o r t of any a i r c r a f t emergency.

5. Support t h e Canadian r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s i n AIDJEX.

6 . Prov ide equipment and s u p p l i e s i n accordance w i t h Appendix A.

7 . Conduct t h e s e a r c h f o r and recommend s u i t a b l e camp s i t e s . The f i n a l s e l e c t i o n w i l l b e made j o i n t l y w i t h NARL and t h e AIDJEX s t a f f .

The N a t i o n a l Aeronau t ics and Space --- A d m i n i s t r a t i o n (NASA) w i l l

1. Conduct remote s e n s i n g o v e r f l i g h t s .

2. Support d a t a buoy exper iments w i t h t h e Nimbus F s a t e l l i t e .

3 . Coord ina te remote s e n s i n g f l i g h t s w i t h t h e AIDJEX s t a f f and t h e Remote Sens ing F l i g h t Coord ina to r .

The Naval Oceanographic - O f f i c e (NAVOCEANO) w i l l

I. Conduct f l i g h t s i n s u p p o r t of t h e s e a r c h f o r a camp s i t e .

2. Conduct rernote s e n s i n g o v e r f l i g h t s .

3 . Coord ina te f l i g h t s u p p o r t w i t h t h e AIDJEX s t a f f and t h e Remote Sens ing F l i g h t Coord ina to r .

The N a t i o n a l Oceanic and Atmospheric A d m i n i s t r a t i o n (NOAA) , through i t s N a t i o n a l Data Buoy O f f i c e (NDBO), i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r deve lop ing t h e AIDJEX d a t a buoys.

The U.S. Geolog ica l Survey (USGS) w i l l p r o v i d e f l i g h t s u p p o r t t o t h e remote s e n s i n g program.

The Canadian Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources (DEMR) w i l l conduct remote s e n s i n g o v e r f l i g h t s .

The Canadian - Department of Defence (CDOD) w i l l conduct remote s e n s i n g o v e r f l i g h t s .

O r g a n i z a t i o n - P r o j e c t Personne l

RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROJECT PERSONNEL

To manage t h e f i e l d o p e r a t i o n s of t h e main exper iment most e f f e c t i v e l y , o e r t a i n r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s have been a s s i g n e d t o s p e c i f i c p r o j e c t p a r t i c i - p a n t s . These r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a r e d e s c r i b e d below. (The r e l a t i o n s h i p between a g e n c i e s and p r o j e c t p e r s o n n e l is shown i n F i g u r e 1 . )

P r o j e c t D i r e c t o r (PD)

The PD is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e o v e r a l l conduct of t h e exper iment , f o r m a i n t a i n i n g (wi th t h e a s s i s t a n c e of t h e AIDJEX Committee) t h e s c i e n t i f i c f o c u s of t h e p r o j e c t , and f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g f e a s i b l e and s a f e p rocedures f o r t h e f i e l d o p e r a t i o n s . The PD a p p o i n t s t h e Manager of F i e l d Opera t ions (MFO), t h e Base Manager of F i e l d Opera t ions (BMFO), t h e S e n i o r S c i e n t i s t (SS) , and t h e S a t e l l i t e S t a t i o n Leaders (SSL). He map make s p e c i a l ass ignments accord ing t o t h e e x i g e n c i e s of t h e p r o j e c t . I n t h e absence of t h e PD, h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a r e assumed a u t o m a t i c a l l y by t h e A s s o c i a t e P r o j e c t D i r e c t o r (APD) . The PD i s appoin ted by t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Washington w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l of NSF under t h e AIDJEX management c o n t r a c t . Norber t U n t e r s t e i n e r is t h e PD.

A s s o c i a t e P r o j e c t D i r e c t o r (APD)

The APD w i l l a s s i s t t h e PD i n h i s d u t i e s and a c t f o r t h e PD i n h i s absence. Richard Trowbridge is t h e APD.

Manager of F i e l d Opera t ions (MFO) --

The MFO a r r a n g e s s u p p o r t f o r t h e s c i e n t i f i c programs w i t h i n t h e a v a i l a b l e l o g i s t i c s r e s o u r c e s and o v e r s e e s t h e s a f e t y of t h e i c e camps and p e r s o n n e l . A s p a r t of h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , h e

1. Schedules a i r s u p p o r t f o r s c i e n t i f i c programs on t h e i c e .

2. Requests (from t h e Base Manager of F i e l d Opera t ions ) a i r c r a f t s u p p o r t from s h o r e s t a t i o n s f o r t r a n s p o r t of p e r s o n n e l , f u e l , and s u p p l i e s .

3 . P l a n s , e s t a b l i s h e s , s u p p o r t s , and e v a c u a t e s t h e camps.

4. P rov ides camp s e r v i c e s and maintenance.

5. Prov ides communications and f l i g h t moni to r ing f o r a i r c r a f t o p e r a t i o n s .

6. E s t a b l i s h e s and promulgates s a f e t y p rocedures and e n s u r e s t h a t t h e y are fol lowed by a l l p e r s o n n e l a t t h e camps.

The MFO w i l l c o n s u l t w i t h t h e S e n i o r S c i e n t i s t and t h e P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r s t o e n s u r e t h e adequacy of l o g i s t i c s s u p p o r t . I n an emergency r e q u i r i n g con- c e r t e d a c t i o n , such a s f i r e o r i c e breakup, t h e MFO w i l l d i r e c t and s u p e r v i s e a l l p e r s o n n e l i n d e a l i n g w i t h t h e problem. The MFO w i l l a l s o be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c o n t r o l l i n g a l l a c t i v i t i e s t h a t i n v o l v e e x p l o s i v e s and f i r e a r m s .

O r g a n i z a t i o n - P r o j e c t Personne l

The MFO w i l l b e s t a t i o n e d a t t h e main camp and w i l l l e a v e on ly f o r compel l ing reasons . I n h i s absence he w i l l d e s i g n a t e an a c t i n g manager of f i e l d o p e r a t i o n s t o assume h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s and a u t h o r i t y u n t i l h i s r e t u r n , and w i l l a d v i s e t h e BMFO of t h e change.

Rolf B j o r n e r t i s t h e d e s i g n a t e d s e n i o r MFO. He w i l l be r e l i e v e d d u r i n g t h e summer and w i n t e r by Rober t Burr from t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e and by Mogens Mathisen from NARL. (For appointment of MFO, s e e s e c t i o n on PD.) The s e n i o r MFO w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y resume t h e MFO p o s i t i o n every t i m e he r e t u r n s t o t h e i c e .

Base Manager of F i e l d Opera t ions (BMFO)

The BMFO w i l l b e t h e d e s i g n a t e d AIDJEX r e p r e s e n t a t i v e a t NARL i n Barrow, where h e w i l l a c t f o r t h e MFO i n m a t t e r s t h a t come under t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e MFO. To avoid confus ion , a l l r e q u e s t s f o r s e r v i c e s , s u p p l i e s , and f l i g h t s u p p o r t from NARL w i l l b e d i r e c t e d t o t h e BMFO throughout t h e o p e r a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g t h e predeployment and p o s t e v a c u a t i o n phases . The BMFO w i l l c o o r d i n a t e , w i t h t h e D i r e c t o r of NARL, t h e a l l o c a t i o n and s c h e d u l i n g of a c t i v i t i e s and r e s o u r c e s . The BMFO informs NSF, ONR, and PCSP of changes made i n t h e management a t t h e i c e s t a t i o n s .

Andy Heiberg i s t h e d e s i g n a t e d BMFO.

S a t e l l i t e S t a t i o n Leaders (SSL)

A s t a t i o n l e a d e r w i l l b e d e s i g n a t e d f o r each s a t e l l i t e camp. I n l o g i s t i c s and s a f e t y m a t t e r s , t h e SSL r e p o r t s t o t h e MFO and a c t s f o r t h e MFO a t t h e s a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n . I n s c i e n t i f i c m a t t e r s , t h e SSL c o n s u l t s w i t h t h e P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r o r t h e S e n i o r S c i e n t i s t .

S a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n l e a d e r s w i l l b e appo in ted l a t e r .

S e n i o r S c i e n t i s t (SS)

The SS w i l l a s s i s t t h e p r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s i n c o o r d i n a t i n g t h e s c i e n t i f i c program. He w i l l a l s o c o n s u l t w i t h t h e MFO i n c o o r d i n a t i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g s c i e n t i f i c a c t i v i t i e s w i t h i n t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s of l o g i s t i c s and t e c h n i c a l s u p p o r t . I n a n emergency r e q u i r i n g concer ted a c t i o n by camp p e r s o n n e l , t h e SS w i l l a s s i s t t h e MFO. The SS w i l l b e s t a t i o n e d a t t h e main camp a s soon a s i t is e s t a b l i s h e d .

Independent of h i s f u n c t i o n a s p r o j e c t d i r e c t o r , N . U n t e r s t e i n e r w i l l assume t h e d u t i e s of SS u n t i l about 1 5 A p r i l 1975 and w i l l be succeeded c o n s e c u t i v e l y by W.F. Weeks, K. Hunkins, C . Pau l son , A. Hanson, and J. Weber .

I O r g a n i z a t i o n - P r o j e c t Personne l

Deputy S e n i o r S c i e n t i s t (DSS)

No s p e c i f i c d u t i e s a r e a s s i g n e d t o t h e DSS, b u t h e w i l l c o n s u l t w i t h t h e SS and b e ready t o assume t h e d u t i e s of SS i f n e c e s s a r y .

The DSS w i l l b e d e s i g n a t e d l a t e r .

P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r (PI )

Each P I w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e conduct of h i s s c i e n t i f i c program, i n c l u d i n g t h e t r a i n i n g and assignment of h i s own p e r s o n n e l . The P I s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t h i s p e r s o n n e l and equipment a r r i v e a t NARL accord ing t o t h e s c h e d u l e e s t a b l i s h e d by t h e MFO, inform t h e MFO immediately about any d i f f i c u l t i e s o r d e l a y s , and c o n s u l t w i t h t h e MFO about s u p p o r t f o r h i s program. The P I w i l l c o n s u l t w i t h t h e SS about t h e c o o r d i n a t i o n o f s c i e n t i f i c programs.

I n some i n s t a n c e s t h e MFO may r e q u e s t h e l p from t h e P I i n p r o v i d i n g manpower f o r l a r g e t a s k s , and t h e P I is expec ted t o c o o p e r a t e a s f u l l y a s h i s r e s o u r c e s p e r m i t . Each P I w i l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e conduct of h i s p e r s o n n e l and w i l l a s s i s t t h e MFO i n e n s u r i n g t h a t a l l s a f e t y i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e fo l lowed .

Names of PIS and o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e g iven i n t h e S c i e n t i f i c Programs s e c t i o n .

Remote Sensing F l i g h t Coord ina to r (RSFC)

The RSFC w i l l c o o r d i n a t e remote s e n s i n g a i r c r a f t f l i g h t s c h e d u l e s . I n c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e SS and each P I invo lved i n ground t r u t h programs, h e w i l l e s t a b l i s h f l i g h t schedu les and f l i g h t p a t t e r n s w i t h NASA and NAVOCEANO. The RSFC w i l l b e informed, i n advance i f p o s s i b l e , of dev i - a t i o n s from planned remote s e n s i n g f l i g h t o p e r a t i o n s and w i l l inform s c i e n t i s t s on t h e i c e of changes. Requests from s c i e n t i s t s f o r changes i n remote s e n s i n g o p e r a t i o n s shou ld b e d i r e c t e d t o t h e RSFC.

W . J . Campbell, W.F. Weeks, and R.O. Ramseier w i l l b e t h e RSFC on a s c h e d u l e t o b e e s t a b l i s h e d l a t e r .

O r g a n i z a t i o n

AIDJEX MAIN EXPERIMENT

TECHNICAL TECHNICAL ?ERSONNEL' PERSONNEL

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S c i e n c e

I SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS

Br ie f d e s c r i p t i o n s f o l l o w of t h e programs proposed f o r t h e 14-month AIDJEX main exper iment .

P o s i t i o n and Data A c q u i s i t i o n (AIDJEX) - The AIDJEX O f f i c e w i l l o p e r a t e a combined p o s i t i o n i n g and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n sys tem a t a l l f o u r manned camps f o r t h e e n t i r e exper iment . Each system c o n s i s t s of a computer, a 32-channel a n a l o g - t o - d i g i t a l c o n v e r t e r , a mag- n e t i c t a p e r e c o r d e r , a t e l e t y p e , and a p r e c i s i o n o s c i l l a t o r ; each system a l s o h a s two r a d i o r e c e i v e r s and two an tennas f o r t r a c k i n g s a t e l l i t e s i n t h e Navy Naviga t ion S a t e l l i t e System. The o b j e c t i v e s of t h i s pr.ogram a r e (1) t o a c q u i r e p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n measurements f o r each camp, ( 2 ) t o measure t h e r o t a t i o n s of each camp, (3) t o d i g i t i z e d a t a from oceanographic and m e t e o r o l o g i c a l s e n s o r s , (4) t o r e c o r d a l l d a t a on magnet ic t a p e , (5) t o p r o v i d e p r i n t e d and magnet ic t a p e r e c o r d s of comments by i n v e s t i - g a t o r s , and (6) t o p r o v i d e an a c c u r a t e t i m e b a s e f o r a l l measurements.

2. Data Buoys

HF NavSat Buoys (AIDJEX)

Ten au tomat ic d a t a buoys w i l l b e deployed i n a c i r c l e w i t h a r a d i u s of about 300 km about t h e main camp. I f an imaginary l i n e i s drawn on t h e i c e connec t ing t h e s e buoys, t h a t l i n e d e f i n e s t h e boundary of t h e s o l u t i o n r e g i o n f o r t h e AIDJEX numer ica l model. The p o s i t i o n s of each buoy w i l l be determined s e v e r a l t i m e s each day u s i n g t h e Navy Naviga t ion S a t e l l i t e System. These d a t a d e f i n e t h e motion of t h e boundary t o t h e s o l u t i o n r e g i o n and a r e thus t h e pr imary d r i v i n g d a t a f o r t h e model. I n a d d i t i o n , s e n s o r s a t t h e buoys w i l l measure a tmospher ic t empera tu re and p r e s s u r e and performance paramete rs of t h e buoys themselves every t h r e e hours . A l l d a t a w i l l b e t e l e m e t e r e d a t r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s t o a c e n t r a l c o n t r o l f a c i l i t y a t t h e main camp f o r p r o c e s s i n g and permanent s t o r a g e .

The buoys w i l l be s e t o u t e a r l y i n t h e s p r i n g , r e v i s i t e d f o r c a l i b r a t i o n and p o s s i b l e r e f u r b i s h i n g i n l a t e s p r i n g and e a r l y f a l l , and r e t r i e v e d i n s p r i n g 1976.

2B. RAMS Buoys (AIDJEX, PRL)

Ten buoys w i l l b e deployed a t t h e same s i t e s as t h e HF NavSat buoys; they w i l l u s e t h e t r a c k i n g and d a t a r e l a y c a p a b i l i t y of t h e Random Access Measurement System (RAMS), t o b e launched aboard NIMBUS F i n summer 1975. I n a d d i t i o n t o p r o v i d i n g backup p o s i t i o n , a tmospher ic p r e s s u r e , and tempera- t u r e d a t a , t h e s e buoys w i l l measure a c o u s t i c ambient n o i s e i n t h e ocean. P o s i t i o n s w i l l be determined a few t i m e s each day, and t h e o t h e r pa ramete rs w i l l b e s'ampled on t h e same three-hour s c h e d u l e a s t h e HF NavSat buoys. NASA w i l l m a i l t h e d a t a t o t h e AIDJEX o f f i c e d a i l y .

1 S c i e n c e

3. Atmospheric Observations

3A. Meteorology and Air S t ress ( c . Pau l son , AIDJEx)

The p r i n c i p a l o b j e c t i v e of t h e m e t e o r o l o g i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n s and a n a l y s e s d u r i n g t h e main exper iment is t o o b t a i n estimates of s u r f a c e a i r s t r e s s s u i t a b l e f o r t h e i c e dynamics model. These e s t i m a t e s have e s s e n t i a l l y two a s p e c t s : (1) more o r less d i r e c t e s t i m a t e s of s t r e s s from near- s u r f a c e o b s e r v a t i o n s ; and (2) e s t i m a t e s of stress from o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e p r e s s u r e f i e l d , u s i n g t h e d i r e c t e s t i m a t e s t o choose and r e f i n e a model t h a t g i v e s t h e b e s t p r e d i c t i o n s .

A i r t empera tu re and p r e s s u r e o b s e r v a t i o n s a s w e l l a s p o s i t i o n w i l l b e t r a n s m i t t e d from t h e HF buoys d e s c r i b e d above (2A) t o a computer a t t h e main camp once every t h r e e hours . A d d i t i o n a l p r e s s u r e measurements w i l l be made t w i c e d a i l y a t each manned camp u s i n g microbarographs .

Each manned s t a t i o n w i l l have a 1 0 m tower from which wind speed and d i r e c t i o n a t 1 0 m and t empera tu re a t 1 and 9 m w i l l be recorded every 30 seconds f o r t h e d u r a t i o n of t h e exper iment . Mean wind speed and t empera tu re g r a d i e n t measurements a r e s u f f i c i e n t t o c a l c u l a t e t h e s u r f a c e a i r s t r e s s i f t h e d r a g c o e f f i c i e n t o r s u r f a c e roughness i s known. To o b t a i n e s t i m a t e s of t h e s u r f a c e roughness , p r o f i l e measurements of wind speed and t empera tu re w i l l b e made a t t h e main camp from a 25 m tower. Because t h e r e may b e s e a s o n a l v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e aerodynamic roughness of t h e i c e cover i n t h e AIDJEX ocean, p r o f i l e measurements w i l l b e t aken f o r f i v e one-month p e r i o d s d u r i n g t h e exper iment ,

A d d i t i o n a l measurements of t h e p l a n e t a r y boundary l a y e r wind f i e l d w i l l b e made t w i c e a day w i t h double t h e o d o l i t e p i l o t b a l l o o n o b s e r v a t i o n s a t t h e main camp. Frank Carsey of t h e AIDJEX o f f i c e w i l l d i r e c t a program of a c o u s t i c echo sounder measurements t o g i v e t h e h e i g h t of t h e i n v e r s i o n ,

38. Air S t ress (S. Smith , E . Banke, Bedford I n s t i t u t e )

E f f o r t s w i l l c o n t i n u e towards p a r a m e t e r i z i n g wind s t r e s s , h e a t f l u x , and e v a p o r a t i o n . A knowledge of t h e s e pa ramete rs i s n e c e s s a r y i f t h e observed wind, t e m p e r a t u r e , and i c e topography are t o b e used t o de te rmine t h e wind s t r e s s and h e a t f l u x f o r modeling. I n a d d i t i o n t o t u r b u l e n t boundary l a y e r s t u d i e s , wind d r a g on i c e r i d g e s w i l l b e determined by measur ing a i r p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n c e s between upwind and downwind s i d e s . Cooperat ion is a n t i c i p a t e d w i t h McGill U n i v e r s i t y and o t h e r groups i n t e r e s t e d i n develop- i n g a c o o r d i n a t e d boundary l a y e r program.

S p e c i f i c p r o j e c t s , t o be c a r r i e d o u t d u r i n g t h r e e o r f o u r p e r i o d s of approx imate ly f o u r week each , a r e : (1 )

(1) Measurement of t u r b u l e n t f l u x e s of momentum, h e a t , and w a t e r vapor u s i n g s o n i c anemometers, m i c r o t h e r m i s t o r s , and Lyman-Alpha humidiometers, a t several l o c a t i o n s i n c l u d i n g t h e main camp and sa te l l i t e camps; s imul- taneous o b s e r v a t i o n s a t two p o i n t s s e p a r a t e d by up t o 1 0 m v e r t i c a l l y and 100 m h o r i z o n t a l l y t o i n v e s t i g a t e s t r u c t u r e of t u r b u l e n c e .

S c i e n c e

(2) Surveying of s u r f a c e p r o f i l e s and c o o r d i n a t i o n w i t h groups running a i r b o r n e l a s e r p r o f i l e s t o c o n t i n u e development of e m p i r i c a l r e l a t i o n s between s u r f a c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and wind stress.

(3) Measurement of wind speed and p r e s s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n around a s m a l l number of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e p r e s s u r e r i d g e s t o de te rmine form d r a g c o e f f i c i e n t s

(4) I n v e s t i g a t i o n of d a i l y v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e h e a t f l u x and e v a p o r a t i o n , and e v a l u a t i o n of t h e importance of s e n s i b l e and l a t e n t h e a t f l u x i n t h e the rmal b a l a n c e of t h e i c e . P a r a m e t e r i z a t i o n of t h e f l u x e s i n terms of m e t e o r o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s and i c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .

3C. Radia t ion -- (G. W e l l e r , Univ. of Alaska)

A r a d i a t i o n program i s schedu led t h a t w i l l (1 ) moni tor r a d i a t i o n f l u x e s s imul taneous ly a t a l l AIDJEX manned s t a t i o n s ; (2) obse rve c o n c e n t r a t i o n s , s i z e s , and shapes of i c e c r y s t a l s p r e c i p i t a t i n g from c l e a r s k i e s , and s t u d y t h e i r fo rmat ion mechanisms and t h e i r e f f e c t on a tmospher ic t r a n s m i s s i o n ; (3) obse rve v e r t i c a l and h o r i z o n t a l e x t e n t of s t r a t u s c l o u d s , t h e i r micro- p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and t h e i r e f f e c t on t h e r a d i a t i o n b a l a n c e ; and (4) measure multi-wavelength and broad bandpass r a d i a t i o n t o d e r i v e estimates of t h e s i z e d i s t r i b u t i o n amd mass l o a d i n g s of suspended p a r t i c l e s i n t h e a r c t i c atmosphere.

4. Oceanography (K. Hunkins, Lamont-Doherty; E . Pounder, McGill)

The oceanographic program s e e k s (1) t o de te rmine t h e stress e x e r t e d by wate r on t h e b a s e of t h e i c e , (2) t o p a r a m e t e r i z e wa te r stress i n terms of such v a r i a b l e s as i c e v e l o c i t y and roughness , and (3) t o r e a c h a b e t t e r unders tand ing of such upper- layer p r o c e s s e s as mixed l a y e r f o r m a t i o n , Ekman l a y e r dynamics, m i c r o s t r u c t u r e , mesoscale s t r u c t u r e , and t r a n s p o r t phenomena.

T h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n is d i v i d e d i n t o a deep ocean program and a boundary l a y e r program; t o g e t h e r t h e y w i l l p r o v i d e a unique s t u d y of t h e midd le and upper l a y e r s of t h e ocean o v e r a n annua l c y c l e . I n t h e deep ocean program we w i l l measure t empera tu re and s a l i n i t y t o 1000 m t w i c e d a i l y a t t h e f o u r manned camps w i t h P l e s s e y STD s e n s o r s . Data w i l l be recorded on magne t ic t a p e and ana log s t r i p c h a r t . Each STD c a s t w i l l be accompanied by two Nansen b o t t l e / r e v e r s i n g thermometer samples f o r c a l i b r a t i o n . At t h e main camp one c a s t t o t h e bottom (3800 m) w i l l b e made weekly. During t i m e s of i n c r e a s e d i c e mot ion, f o u r c a s t s p e r day w i l l b e made a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n of t h e oceanographer i n charge. I n a d d i t i o n t o d e n s i t y measurements on a s y n o p t i c s c a l e (% 100 km), we w i l l a l s o make c u r r e n t measurements on a n a r r a y of about 1 0 km s p a c i n g i n o r d e r t o i n v e s t i g a t e high-energy mesosca le e d d i e s such as t h o s e observed by Hunkins d u r i n g t h e 1972 p i l o t s t u d y .

For t h e boundary layer program we w i l l have a t each manned s t a t i o n : (1) f i x e d c u r r e n t m e t e r s a t 2 m and 30 m d e p t h s and (2) a p r o f i l i n g c u r r e n t meter (PCM) t h a t w i l l be cyc led c o n t i n u o u s l y between t h e s u r f a c e and 200 m. On t h e PCM, v e r t i c a l motion w i l l b e moni tored w i t h a p r e s s u r e s e n s o r and c u r r e n t d i r e c t i o n w i t h a compass. Data w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d by t h e AIDJEX d a t a l o g g e r con t inuous ly throughout t h e exper iment . An a d d i t i o n a l f i x e d

S c i e n c e

c u r r e n t m e t e r f rame w i l l b e deployed a t t h e main camp i n a l o c a t i o n w i t h d i f f e r e n t i c e roughness . The b a s i c ph i losophy of w a t e r stress measurement i n v o l v e s i n t e g r a t i n g t h e mean momentum p r o f i l e s t o a l e v e l of no stress, u s u a l l y somewhere n e a r t h e b a s e of t h e mixed l a y e r . A s h o r t program of measur ing Reynolds stress d i r e c t l y n e a r t h e i c e i s planned t e n t a t i v e l y f o r l a t e 1975. The t e m p e r a t u r e , s a l i n i t y , and dep th of t h e mixed l a y e r w i l l b e observed d u r i n g t h e s t a n d a r d STD c a s t s .

5. (W. Weeks, CRREL; R. Ramseier, Environment Canada; W , Campbell, USGS)

The AIDJEX remote s e n s i n g program u t i l i z e s a h i e r a r c h i c a l sampl ing scheme t h a t b u i l d s from d e t a i l e d ground t r u t h s t u d i e s t o remote s e n s i n g from low-level (5-100 m) h e l i c o p t e r s and h i g h e r - l e v e l (500-10,000 m) f i x e d - wing a i r c r a f t t o s a t e l l i t e imagery. Each l e v e l of i n f o r m a t i o n adds conf idence t o t h e n e x t h i g h e r l e v e l and shou ld r e s u l t i n t h e b e s t u s e of t h e s a t e l l i t e imagery, which is t h e on ly way t o o b t a i n coverage of t h e e n t i r e AIDJEX ocean. A d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e whole program h a s been p r e p a r e d by Weeks and Campbell and w i l l appear i n a for thcoming AIDJEX B u l l e t i n .

Only t h e ground t r u t h s t u d i e s and t h e h e l i c o p t e r program a c t u a l l y o p e r a t e from t h e i c e . They w i l l b e c a r r i e d o u t by i n v e s t i g a t o r s from A e r o j e t E l e c t r o s y s t e m s Company, Environment Canada, t h e Canadian C e n t r e f o r Remote Sens ing , USGS, and CRREL, The g r e a t e s t f i e l d e f f o r t w i l l occur a t t h e t ime of t h e NASA CV-990 o v e r f l i g h t s , when seven persons w i l l b e i n t h e f i e l d . They w i l l o p e r a t e t h e h e l i c o p t e r program; c o l l e c t d a t a on i c e fo rmat ion and growth, s a l i n i t y , t empera tu re , t e x t u r e , d e n s i t y , and g r a i n s i z e ; and make ground o b s e r v a t i o n s u s i n g UHF, X- and L-band r a d a r , a PRT-5 rad iomete r , 4 .99 , 13 .4 , and 37.0 GHz r a d i o m e t e r s , and d i e l e c t r i c measur ing equipment.

Between t h e s p r i n g and f a l l MASA m i s s i o n s , on ly one person a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e remote s e n s i n g program w i l l remain on t h e i c e . H e w i l l b e concerned p r i m a r i l y w i t h measuring i c e t h i c k n e s s and i c e s u r f a c e tempera- t u r e and w i t h o p e r a t i n g t h e h e l i c o p t e r program.

6. Ocean T i 1 t ( J . Weber, Dept . of Energy, Mines, and Resources)

Ocean t i l t o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e t h e on ly means by which p r e s s u r e g r a d i e n t f o r c e can b e determin-d d i r e c t l y . A b i a x i a l t i l t m e t e r , a h y d r o s t a t i c l e v e l , and a sys tem employing p r e s s u r e w i l l b e used t o measure (1) t h e t i l t of t h e f l u i d ocean s u r f a c e r e l a t i v e t o t h e l o c a l e q u i p o t e n t i a l s u r f a c e and (2) t h e r e l a t i v e change of t h e t i l t of t h e s e a i c e .

Science

7. Geomagnetism (E. N i b l e t t , Ear th Physics Branch)

A p o r t a b l e 3-component record ing magnetometer w i l l ope ra t e a t one of t he AIDJEX camps f o r s e v e r a l months o r perhaps f o r t he du ra t ion of t he experiment. The main camp i s loca ted very near t he seaward end of t he p r o f i l e of magnetometer s t a t i o n s t h a t have been ope ra t ing o f f Banks I s land s i n c e Apr i l 1974. That experiment, i f succes s fu l , w i l l provide d a t a f o r t h e s tudy of short-period (100 minutes t o 6 hours) geomagnetic e f f e c t s assoc ia ted wi th t h e con t inen ta l margin, The i c e s t a t i o n a t t h e AIDJEX camp would provide d a t a f o r s tudying long-period induct ion e f f e c t s (8 t o 24 hours) a s soc i a t ed wi th t h e deep ocean and supplement t h e short-period da t a obtained i n 1974.

8. Gravity (J . Tanner, Dept. of Energy, Mines, & Resources)

A continuous recording gravimeter w i l l be i n s t a l l e d a t t h e main camp f o r t h e du ra t ion of t h e ocean t i l t experiment (Weber, above). Gravi ty readings with a s m a l l . p o r t a b l e instrument w i l l a l s o be gathered i n conjunct ion wi th t h e seismic experiment (Berry, below).

9. S t ra in Rate on a Floe (G. Holdsworth, Environment Canada)

S t r a i n s (and hence s t r a i n r a t e s ) i n continuous sea i c e over d i s t ances of up t o 100 m w i l l be monitored cont inuously by a technique s i m i l a r t o one developed on T-3 i n 1973. The s t r a i n l i n e s w i l l be s e t up perpendicular t o a pressure r i dge . The s t r a i n r a t e values would enable a x i a l s t r e s s e s t o be ca l cu la t ed assuming a c o n s t i t u t i v e law f o r s e a i c e . Parmerter and Coon's r i d g e models could be t e s t e d by such a measurement.

10. Seismic Anisotropy (M. Berry, Ear th Physics Branch)

A se i smic experiment i s planned t o i n v e s t i g a t e t he p o s s i b i l i t y of v e l o c i t y an iso t ropy i n t h e ma te r i a l of t h e upper mantle and t o s tudy the A r c t i c Ocean c r u s t a l s t r u c t u r e . To accomplish t h e s e aims, two crossed r e f r a c t i o n l i n e s w i l l be recorded along t h e AIDJEX s t a t i o n t r i a n g l e . This w i l l r e q u i r e e s t a b l i s h i n g record ing s t a t i o n s a t a l l four AIDJEX camps and de tona t ing t e n s h o t s a long each p r o f i l e . Such a d i s t r i b u t i o n of sho t s and s t a t i o n s w i l l provide two pseudo-reversed r e f r a c t i o n p r o f i l e s and approximately 80 P, observa t ions with a complete range of propagation azimuths. The experiment is intended t o be completed wi th in one week.

11. Ocean Quaternary Geology (C. Lewis, Canadian Geological Survey)

This program has t h e fol lowing ob jec t ives : (1) t o provide geologica l information on sediment type and d i s p e r s a l i n t he v i c i n i t y of t he Canadian Arc t i c c o n t i n e n t a l margin and on l a t e Cenozoic h i s t o r y of t he A r c t i c Ocean, inc luding t h e p o s s i b l e inf luence of c o n t i n e n t a l g l a c i e r s flowing along

Science

McClure S t r a i t ; and (2) t o examine the f e a s i b i l i t y of core sampling and echo sounding from i c e p la t forms f o r f u t u r e A r c t i c Ocean and A r c t i c I s l and Channel marine s u r f i c i a l geology inves t iga t ions . Approximately s i x p i s t o n cores , 6-16 m long, w i l l be c o l l e c t e d f o r s tudying sediment composition, b i o s t r a t i g - raphy, magnetic s t r a t i g r a p h y , geotechnica l p r o p e r t i e s , and chronology. Supporting d a t a , such a s oceanographic observa t ions , bottom photography, and bathymetry, w i l l be c o l l e c t e d along the d r i f t t r a c k of t he s t a t i o n . The acous t ic / se i smic and thermal p rope r t i e s of Arc t i c Ocean sediment w i l l be s tud ied .

12. Polar Bear Study (I. S t i r l i n g , Canadian Wi ld l i f e Service)

A program i s scheduled t o s tudy the denning and l i v i n g h a b i t s of po lar bears i n t h e Beaufort Sea, as we l l a s t h e i r dependence on s e a l s and open water. This program w i l l be i n cooperat ion wi th M r . Jack Len t f e r , t h e Alaskan polar bear b i o l o g i s t .

13. (F. Thyssen, Univ. of

To a i d f u t u r e des ign of s h i p s and platforms f o r ice-covered oceans, a program is planned t o measure i c e s t r e s s , i c e f r a c t u r i n g , and f r i c t i o n of s t e e l on i c e . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s w i l l a l s o be d i r e c t e d towards e s t a b l i s h i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s between DC r e s i s t a n c e and b r i n e volume, mechanical and e l e c t r i c a l p rope r t i e s of s e a i c e , and AC r e s i s t a n c e and i c e th ickness . This program is considered a s t e n t a t i v e . A v a i l a b i l i t y of funds w i l l determine i f t he program w i l l be conducted.

A i r Opera t ions

A I R OPERATIONS

The a i r o p e r a t i o n s f o r t h e main exper iment w i l l b e conducted i n accordance w i t h (1) FAA r e g u l a t i o n s when d e p a r t i n g from and e n t e r i n g Alaska , (2) MOT r e g u l a t i o n s when d e p a r t i n g from and e n t e r i n g Northwest T e r r i t o r i e s i n Canada, (3) Department of Defense r e g u l a t i o n s when d e p a r t i n g from and e n t e r i n g t h e A i r Defense I d e n t i f i c a t i o n Zone (ADIZ) , and (4 ) I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l A v i a t i o n O r g a n i z a t i o n (ICAO) r e g u l a t i o n s when f l y i n g o v e r t h e i c e .

N o t i c e t o Airmen (NOTAM) w i l l be f i l e d through t h e FAA f l i g h t s e r v i c e s t a t i o n i n Barrow p r i o r t o commencement of f l i g h t o p e r a t i o n s .

The main camp w i l l have one runway s u f f i c i e n t l y long and wide t o accommo- d a t e heavy a i r l i f t s . The i c e t h i c k n e s s requ i rements w i l l be determined by u s i n g t h e graph shown i n F i g u r e 2; t h e y a r e similar t o t h o s e s p e c i f i e d by t h e U.S. Navy and A i r Force l a n d i n g on s e a i c e runways i n s u p p o r t of t h e U. S . A n t a r c t i c Research Program.

Maximum Landing Woight

60cm BELOW ICE SUR. - -15O to-7-22 ' C -7.22' to -3.8 9' C

Fig . 2. Load v e r s u s i c e t h i c k n e s s requ i rements .

1 5

A i r Opera t ions

I f t h e runway is damaged by l e a d s o r p r e s s u r e r i d g e s a f t e r t h e main deployment, an a l t e r n a t e runway w i l l b e l o c a t e d n e a r t h e main camp. I f an a l t e r n a t e runway f o r heavy a i r c r a f t cannot b e l o c a t e d , i t w i l l be n e c e s s a r y t o a i r d r o p t h e f u e l r esupp ly . Th is p rocedure w i l l be d i s c u s s e d l a t e r i n an AIDJEX memo.

The s a t e l l i t e camps w i l l have a i r s t r i p s s u i t a b l e f o r Twin O t t e r o p e r a t i o n s .

I F i e l d Markings

At t h e main camp runway, c e n t e r l i n e markings w i l l extend approx imate ly two m i l e s from each end a long t h e approaches . At a l l camps, t h e r e w i l l be runway markings on each s i d e of t h e runway, runway l i g h t i n g such a s f l a r e p o t s w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e , and h e l i c o p t e r l a n d i n g s i t e s w i l l be marked by s p o t l i g h t s .

F l i g h t Advisor ies

F l i g h t a d v i s o r i e s f o r t h e fo l lowing d a y ' s a i r o p e r a t i o n s w i l l be t r a n s m i t t e d between a l l AIDJEX s t a t i o n s d u r i n g t h e evening r a d i o c o n t a c t .

F l i g h t P l a n s

I For f l i gh t s originating a t NARL and terminating a t the main camp:

A l l a i r c r a f t a t t e m p t i n g f l i g h t s t o t h e main camp w i l l f i l e a f l i g h t p l a n w i t h NARL b e f o r e t a k e - o f f . NARL w i l l forward t h e f l i g h t p l a n t o t h e FAA f l i g h t s e r v i c e s t a t i o n i n Barrow.

I For f l i gh t s originating a t Tuktoyaktuk and terminating a t the main camp:

A l l a i r c r a f t a t t e m p t i n g f l i g h t s t o t h e main camp w i l l f i l e a f l i g h t p l a n w i t h t h e Canadian M i n i s t r y of T r a n s p o r t (MOT) b e f o r e t a k e - o f f . PCSP a t Tuktoyaktuk w i l l a l s o b e adv i sed .

I For f l i gh t s originating a t the main camp:

A l l f l i g h t s o r i g i n a t i n g a t t h e main camp w i l l f i l e a f l i g h t p l a n w i t h t h e MFO. For f l i g h t s t o s h o r e s t a t i o n s , s a t e l l i t e camps, o r d a t a buoy s i t e s , t h e MFO w i l l forward t h e f l i g h t p l a n t o e i t h e r NARL o r PCSP a s a p p r o p r i a t e .

I F l i g h t Clea rance

For f l i g h t s between t h e s h o r e s t a t i o n s and t h e main camp, a i r c r a f t t h a t have f i l e d f l i g h t p l a n s i n accordance w i t h t h e p r e c e d i n g paragraphs w i l l b e g iven f l i g h t c l e a r a n c e a f t e r two-way r a d i o communication h a s been e s t a b l i s h e d and main ta ined between NARL o r PCSP and t h e main camp. I f communication between t h e s h o r e s t a t i o n s and t h e main camp cannot be m a i n t a i n e d , t h e a i r c r a f t w i l l have t o d i s c o n t i n u e i t s m i s s i o n and r e t u r n t o i t s p o i n t of d e p a r t u r e .

A i r Opera t ions

For f l i g h t s t o s a t e l l i t e camps and d a t a buoy s i t e s , f l i g h t c l e a r a n c e w i l l b e g iven i f two-way r a d i o communication between t h e main camp and t h e s h o r e s t a t i o n s can b e e s t a b l i s h e d and main ta ined . During p e r i o d s of i n t e n s e s o l a r a c t i v i t y t h a t r e s u l t i n i o n o s p h e r i c d i s t u r b a n c e s ( r a d i o b l a c k o u t ) , no c l e a r a n c e w i l l b e g iven excep t i n an emergency.

Communications F l i g h t Guard

The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r m a i n t a i n i n g communications c o n t a c t w i t h an a i r c r a f t i n f l i g h t from s h o r e s t a t i o n s t o t h e main camp rests w i t h NARL f o r f l i g h t s de- p a r t i n g from Barrow and w i t h PCSP f o r f l i g h t s d e p a r t i n g from Tuktoyaktuk. T h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s r e t a i n e d u n t i l t r a n s f e r i s acknowledged by t h e main camp r a d i o o p e r a t o r .

The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r m a i n t a i n i n g commuriications c o n t a c t w i t h an a i r c r a f t i n a f l i g h t t h a t o r i g i n a t e s a t t h e main camp r e s t s w i t h t h e main camp r a d i o o p e r a t o r . T h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s r e t a i n e d u n t i l t h e a i r c r a f t r e t u r n s t o t h e main camp o r u n t i l t r a n s f e r i s acknowledged by e i t h e r NARL o r PCSP.

S a f e t y of F . l ight Moni to r ing

The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r s a f e t y of f l i g h t moni to r ing r e s t s w i t h NARL f o r a i r c r a f t d e p a r t i n g from Barrow, w i t h PCSP f o r a i r c r a f t d e p a r t i n g from Tuktoyaktuk, and w i t h t h e MFO f o r a i r c r a f t d e p a r t i n g from t h e main camp. T h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is r e t a i n e d by a s t a t i o n u n t i l t r a n s f e r i s acknowledged by one of t h e o t h e r s t a t i o n s j u s t ment ioned. The s t a t i o n r e s p o n s i b l e w i l l a c t i n accordance w i t h t h e s e c t i o n on s e a r c h and r e s c u e (below) when c o n d i t i o n s s o w a r r a n t .

P o s i t i o n Report

Each a i r c r a f t t h a t f l i e s i n s u p p o r t of t h e AIDJEX p r o j e c t w i l l b e r e q u i r e d t o make a p o s i t i o n r e p o r t every hour on t h e ha l f -hour t o t h e s t a t i o n main- t a i n i n g t h e communications guard. I f an a i r c r a f t i s unab le t o m a i n t a i n r a d i o c o n t a c t w i t h t h e main camp o r t h e s h o r e s t a t i o n s and s o cannot d e l i v e r h o u r l y p o s i t i o n r e p o r t s , i t w i l l d i s c o n t i n u e i t s m i s s i o n and r e t u r n t o t h e p o i n t of d e p a r t u r e .

P r i o r t o d e s c e n t f o r an open- f ie ld l a n d i n g , a p o s i t i o n r e p o r t and an esti- mated ground t i m e must be g iven t o t h e MFO a t t h e main camp. I f t h e a i r c r a f t i s unab le t o d e l i v e r a p o s i t i o n r e p o r t b e f o r e an open- f ie ld l a n d i n g , i t w i l l no t l a n d , b u t w i l l r e t u r n i n s t e a d t o t h e p o i n t of d e p a r t u r e .

'Af te r an open- f ie ld l a n d i n g , i f r a d i o c o n d i t i o n s p e r m i t , an a i r c r a f t s h a l l r e p o r t t h e even t t o t h e communications f l i g h t guard. A f t e r t h e ground s t o p i s completed, t h e a i r c r a f t w i l l r e p o r t t h a t i t i s a i r b o r n e and t h e n con- t i n u e w i t h i t s h o u r l y p o s i t i o n r e p o r t s u n t i l t h e f l i g h t i s t e r m i n a t e d .

Shore s t a t i o n s a r e r e q u e s t e d t o m a i n t a i n r a d i o watch w h i l e a i r c r a f t a r e f l y i n g from t h e main camp t o remote s i t e s on t h e i c e .

A i r Operat ions

Search and ,Rescue (SAR)

Search and rescue (SAR) w i l l begin a s soon a s an a i r c r a f t is known t o be i n d i s t r e s s o r two hours a f t e r i t f a i l s t o land on schedule o r f a i l s t o r e p o r t i t s hour ly p o s i t i o n .

NAN., w i l l be a l e r t e d t o t h e emergency, and they w i l l a l e r t t h e FAA and par- t i c i p a t e i n t h e SAR miss ion . During t h e miss ion , continuous r ad io watch w i l l be maintained by t h e i c e s t a t i o n s , NARL, and PCSP. The camp Twin Otter o r h e l i c o p t e r w i l l j o i n i n t h e SAR miss ion i f i t can reach t h e a r e a of t h e missing a i r c r a f t .

A i r c r a f t Su rv iva l Equipment

Su rv iva l food and equipment s u f f i c i e n t t o s u s t a i n downed personnel f o r t e n days w i l l be c a r r i e d i n AIDJEX a i r c r a f t . Exposure s u i t s w i l l be i s sued t o a l l personnel f l y i n g dur ing t h e summer.

Weather Report ing

The main camp w i l l t r ansmi t weather r e p o r t s from a l l manned i c e s t a t i o n s t o Barrow and Tuktoyaktuk a s r equ i r ed f o r f l i g h t s between t h e shore and t h e i c e s t a t i o n s . Weather f o r e c a s t i n g w i l l no t be a v a i l a b l e from t h e i c e s t a t i o n s . I n - f l i g h t p i l o t r e p o r t s and p o s t - f l i g h t r e p o r t s of observed weather w i l l be re layed a s a p p r o p r i a t e t o FAA t o MOT.

Take-Off and Landing a t Camps

There w i l l be no c o n t r o l tower a t any of t h e manned camps. The responsi- b i l i t y f o r landings and take-of fs w i l l rest wi th each p i l o t . However, t h e r e w i l l b e VHF rad ios i n each camp, and a i r c r a f t approaching o r tak ing o f f from a camp w i l l o b t a i n in format ion on t r a f f i c , wind, a l t i m e t e r s e t t i n g s , and runway condi t ion . The primary VHF frequency t o be used is 125.0 Mhz.

Runway Inspec t ion

The main camp runway w i l l b e inspec ted d a i l y and immediately be fo re t h e a r r i v a l of an a i r c r a f t . The runway i c e w i l l be cored a s requi red t o measure i t s th ickness and subsur face temperature i n order t o determine t h e s t r e n g t h of t h e runway ( c f . Fig. 2 ) . A t racked v e h i c l e wi th a drag and cha ins w i l l be used t o keep t h e s u r f a c e smooth and c u t through d r i f t s . The SSL w i l l i n s p e c t s a t e l l i t e camp a i r s t r i p s p r i o r t o a l l fixed-wing a i r c r a f t a r r i v a l s . Changes i n runway cond i t i ons a t any camp w i l l be r epo r t ed t o t h e MFO.

A i r Opera t ions

Naviga t iona l Aids

A s an a i d t o n a v i g a t i o n , low-frequency beacons w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d a t a l l manned s t a t i o n s .

Communication

RADIO COMMUNICATION

The main c e n t e r f o r communication from Barrow t o t h e i c e s t a t i o n s w i l l b e t h e USCG communications s t a t i o n a t NARL. T h e i r c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c i e s a r e 3411, 4625, 7530, and 8975 kHz. The pr imary f requency f o r communication between NARL and t h e main camp and ground-to-a i r w i l l b e 4625 kHz; t h e secondary f requency w i l l be 8975 kHz.

The Canadian b a s e s t a t i o n a t Tuktoyaktuk w i l l p r o v i d e communications a s r e q u i r e d . T h e i r c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c i e s a r e 4982, 5340, 7346, and 11417 kHz. The pr imary f requency f o r communications between FCSP and t h e main camp and ground-to-a i r w i l l b e 4982 kHz; t h e secondary f requency w i l l b e 5340 kHz.

I n c a s e of emergency t h e FAA F l i g h t S e r v i c e S t a t i o n i n Barrow moni to r s two c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c i e s c o n t i n u o u s l y : 2861 and 5631 kHz.

The Canadian M i n i s t r y of Transpor t moni to r s 5680 kHz c a r r i e r f requency f o r emergency c a l l s . The Canadian Petroleum A s s o c i a t i o n moni to r s 5281.5 kHz c a r r i e r f requency; t h i s can a l s o b e used f o r emergency c a l l s .

The PCSP Decca n a v i g a t i o n t r a n s m i t t e r s i t e s ( t h r e e s t a t i o n s ) a r e a b l e t o communicate on t h e f o l l o w i n g c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c i e s : 4982, 5281.5, 5340, and 5680 kHz.

A l l f r e q u e n c i e s mentioned above a r e used f o r s i n g l e s i d e band emiss ions .

The main communications c e n t e r on t h e i c e w i l l be l o c a t e d i n t h e main camp. A l l t r a f f i c from t h e i c e t o t h e s h o r e . b a s e s w i l l o r i g i n a t e t h e r e . The s a t e l l i t e camps w i l l u s u a l l y communicate w i t h t h e main camp, b u t t h e y may a c t a s r e l a y s t a t i o n s f o r t h e main camp. The s a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n s w i l l moni to r a l l t r a f f i c from t h e main camp. (A sugges ted communications s c h e d u l e appears la ter i n t h i s s e c t i o n . ) The main camp w i l l conduct a l l communications on t h e pr imary f r e q u e n c i e s and u s e secondary o r o t h e r f r e q u e n c i e s a s r e q u i r e d . The ground-to-a i r communications i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e camp w i l l be conducted on VHF, 125.0 MHz. Secondary f r e q u e n c i e s w i l l b e used a s r e q u i r e d .

The c a l l s i g n f o r t h e main camp is B I G BEAR; c a l l s i g n s f o r t h e s a t e l l i t e camps a r e SNOW BIRD, CARIBOU, and BLUE FOX.

Communication

One main ADF beacon w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n each camp, and a t l e a s t one e x t r a ADF beacon w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e i n t h e main camp f o r backup i n c a s e any of t h e f o u r pr imary u n i t s f a i l s . NARZ w i l l p r o v i d e f i v e u n i t s and PCSP may make a d d i t i o n a l u n i t s a v a i l a b l e f o r backup. Frequenc ies and i d e n t i f i e r s w i l l b e i s s u e d i n an AIDJEX memo p r i o r t o deployment.

AIDJEX h a s s e v e r a l low-powered, b a t t e r y - o p e r a t e d ADF beacons t h a t were used i n t h e 1972 p i l o t s t u d y . These beacons are a c t i v a t e d remotely by an a i r c r a f t o r ground VHF t r a n s c e i v e r . There u n i t s a r e a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r backup.

Accura te p o s i t i o n f i x e s f o r t h e d r i f t i n g s t a t i o n s w i l l b e o b t a i n e d from t h e NavSat p o s i t i o n i n g equipment a t each of t h e f o u r manned s t a t i o n s .

Caution: FAA warns t h a t hand-held, bat tery-powered d i g i t a l minicomputers may i n t e r f e r e w i t h a i r c r a f t n a v i g a t i o n a l e l e c t r o n i c s equipment. The M i n i s t r y of T r a n s p o r t i n Canada found t h a t f i v e c a l c u l a t o r s caused i n t e r f e r e n c e w i t h a i r c r a f t e l e c t r o n i c i n s t r u m e n t s .

D i s t r e s s

The a i r c r a f t w i l l c a r r y VHF emergency c r a s h beacons and compat ib le VHF homers i n a d d i t i o n t o HF and VHF communications equipment. F i e l d p a r t i e s o p e r a t i n g away from camp w i l l c a r r y w a l k i e - t a l k i e s , which w i l l be checked o u t from t h e camp manager.

The r a d i o b u i l d i n g o r o t h e r s u i t a b l e s t r u c t u r e i n t h e main camp w i l l have a powerful outdoor s p e a k e r sys tem f o r g e n e r a l o r emergency announcements.

L'o minimize u n d e s i r a b l e e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c and a c o u s t i c i n t e r f e r e n c e between 7 c i e n t i f i c , n a v i g a t i o n a l , and communications equipment, t h e P I S must c l o s e l y c o o r d i n a t e t h e i r f r e q u e n c i e s w i t h t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e . PIS a r e r e q u e s t e d t o submit t h e i r f requency p l a n t o t h e AIDJEX o f f i c e f o r approva l and i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n t o t h e t o t a l f requency p l a n .

I t i s a l s o mandatory t h a t P I S , b e f o r e send ing t h e i r s c i e n t i f i c equipment t o t h e f i e l d , a s s u r e themselves t h a t t h e i r e l e c t r o n i c equipment o r o t h e r g e a r u s i n g camp e l e c t r i c a l power does n o t g e n e r a t e n o i s e w i t h i n t h e f o l l o w i n g f requency bands: 250-450 kHz, 1-20 mHz, 118-132 mHz, 160-180 mHz, and 1-10 GHz.

Communication

Communications Schedule

The f o l l o w i n g d a i l y r a d i o s c h e d u l e i s e n v i s i o n e d a t t h i s t i m e :

0745 l o c a l Main camp c o n t a c t s a l l s a t e l l i t e camps one a t a t ime and o b t a i n s t h e morning weather r e p o r t s . The f l i g h t s c h e d u l e f o r t h e day is d i s c u s s e d . Requests a r e made f o r f o r food , f u e l , and s p a r e s .

0830 l o c a l Main camp c o n t a c t NARL. The f l i g h t s c h e d u l e f o r t h e day is d i s c u s s e d .

1415 l o c a l Main camp t r a n s m i t s da . i ly s u r f a c e weather d a t a t o NARL f o r immediate r e l a y t o t h e N a t i o n a l Weather S e r v i c e i n Barrow,

1530 l o c a l Radio check w i t h a l l s a t e l l i t e camps. F l i g h t a d v i s o r i e s f o r t h e fo l lowing day a r e t r a n s m i t t e d t o NARL and PCSP.

1600 l o c a l Radio check w i t h NARL.

Times f o r r a d i o c o n t a c t s w i t h PCSP w i l l be determined a t a l a t e r d a t e . Radio communication i n connec t ion w i t h a i r t r a f f i c w i l l b e conducted i n accordance w i t h t h e A i r Operati ,ons s e c t i o n . The main camp w i l l b e moni- t o r e d d a i l y from 0730 l o c a l t o 2000 l o c a l . Primary and secondary f r e q u e n c i e s w i l l b e determined l a t e r .

PCSP r a d i o s t a t i o n i s manned 20 hours a day , excep t from October t o February. NARL r a d i o is always manned 24 hours a day.

Communication

Loss of Communication

I f ionospher ic d is turbances r e s u l t i n t o t a l l o s s of r ad io communication, a l l s t a t i o n s on the i c e a r e requested t o monitor t h e i r r ad ios every o the r hour on the hour beginning a t 0800 l o c a l u n t i l 2000 l o c a l every day u n t i l r ad io communications have been r e s to red . Radio naviga t ion beacons should be l e f t on from t h e t i m e i t is discovered t h a t l o s s of communications has occurred.

I f l o s s of communications l a s t s f o r more than two days, bu t ADF s i g n a l s can be received by t h e a i r c r a f t t o nav iga t e between main camp and s a t e l l i t e camps, an a i r c r a f t w i l l f l y t o each s a t e l l i t e camp t o check on them and make s u r e t h a t every th ing is i n order .

I f a s a t e l l i t e camp does not check i n on t h e d a i l y 0745 l o c a l r a d i o con tac t o r cannot be reached through any o the r r ad io s t a t i o n i n the c i r c u i t , a f l i g h t from the main camp w i l l be launched s h o r t l y a f t e r 0945, weather permi t t ing . A s a t e l l i t e camp t h a t cannot make the d a i l y morning r ad io contac t and f a i l s t o make contac t wi th backup r ad io be fo re 0945 1oca l . should t u r n on the ADF r ad io beacon. I f a t o t a l e l e c t r i c power f a i l u r e a t a camp prevents any r ad io communication a t a l l , the s t a t i o n personnel a r e i n s t r u c t e d t o go o u t s i d e a f t e r 1015 l o c a l and t r y t o ca tch the a t t e n t i o n of approaching a i r c r a f t by using s i g n a l m i r r o r s , f l a r e s , o r smoke bombs.

PROCEDURES, RULES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SHIPMENT OF GEAR

The Naval A r c t i c Research Labora to ry (NARL) a t Barrow i s t h e main s t a g i n g b a s e f o r t h e AIDJEX main exper iment . NARL w i l l make d e s i g n a t e d s t o r a g e a r e a s and manpower a v a i l a b l e t o r e c e i v e and s t o r e a l l incoming g e a r .

Each P I and h i s p e r s o n n e l a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r s h i p p i n g t h e i r p e r s o n a l g e a r and s c i e n t i f i c equipment between home b a s e and NARL. Equipment may be sh ipped by t r u c k , s h i p , o r a i r c r a f t t o Anchorage, o r by t r u c k o r a i r t o Fa i rbanks . It i s t h e n c a r r i e d t o Barrow from e i t h e r c i t y by Wien Consol i - d a t e d A i r l i n e s , whose l a r g e s t a i r c r a f t is t h e Boeing 737 ca rgo a i r p l a n e . S i n c e Wien's ca rgo c a p a b i l i t i e s a r e l i m i t e d and s i n c e they a r e t h e on ly commercial a i r l i n e f l y i n g t o Prudhoe Bay, a d e l a y a t t h e i r Anchorage and Fa i rbanks t e r m i n a l s i s probab le . For t h i s r e a s o n , PIS a r e urged t o s h i p t h e i r g e a r w e l l ahead of t h e t ime i t i s due i n Barrow.

PIS and t h e i r p e r s o n n e l must b e p repared t o manhandle t h e i r own g e a r , s i n c e s t e v e d o r e s w i l l n o t b e a v a i l a b l e on t h e i c e . Every e f f o r t must t h e r e f o r e b e made t o keep i n d i v i d u a l u n i t we igh t s below 200 pounds. A l l boxes shou ld have h a n d l e s t h a t f o l d o u t t o h o r i z o n t a l s t o p s .

Bulk c o n s t r a i n t s a r e d i c t a t e d by t h e a i r c r a f t t h a t moves t h e ca rgo t o t h e i c e . The C-130 Hercu les a i r c r a f t w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e f o r s h o r t p e r i o d s , b u t f o r most of t h e f l y i n g season t h e R4D (DC-3) i s t h e b i g g e s t a i r c r a f t a v a i l a b l e . P IS a r e adv i sed t o check w i t h t h e A1D.JEX O f f i c e about i t e m s t h a t a r e unusua l ly heavy o r bu lky .

Most of t h e Canadian s u p p o r t equipment ( p a r c o l l s , g e n e r a t o r s , t e n t s , and f u e l ) w i l l b e s t a g e d o u t of Tuktoyaktuk. C-130 a i r s u p p o r t w i l l be p rov ided d u r i n g s t a g i n g i n e a r l y March 1975. A f t e r t h i s major a i r l i f t , t h e Canadian PIS w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r g e t t i n g t h e i r g e a r t o NARL o r f i n d i n g a n o t h e r means f o r s h i p p i n g t o t h e i c e .

A l l f r e i g h t t h a t p a s s e s through NARL on i t s way t o t h e f i e l d must be c l e a r l y marked on s e v e r a l s i d e s of each ca rgo u n i t w i t h a d d r e s s , w e i g h t , and warm- s t o r a g e requ i rements . The a d d r e s s t o be used i s

AIDJEX [Name of P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r ] Naval A r c t i c Research Labora to ry Barrow, Alaska 99723

I Procedures - Shipment of Gear

This sh ipping address is s u f f i c i e n t f o r f r e i g h t forwarded between t h e home i n s t i t u t i o n and t h e f i e l d . To s a t i s f y customs requirements f o r depa r tu re from and r een t ry i n t o the United S t a t e s o r Canada, a d e t a i l e d packing l i s t f o r each cargo u n i t must accompany each shipment. A sample customs form i s a v a i l a b l e from t h e AIDJEX Off ice .

PCSP w i l l adv i se t h e Canadian p a r t i c i p a n t s of sh ipping requirements t o Tuktoyaktuk. P a r t i e s t h a t a r e scheduled t o go t o t h e i c e i n March 1975 should have t h e i r gear a t NARL o r Tuktoyaktuk no l a t e r than 20 February. This w i l l permit a concentrated a i r l i f t t o t h e i c e by C-130 i n e a r l y March. Except during the a t h e r major C-130 a i r l i f t s ( l a t e s p r i n g 1975, f a l l 1975, e a r l y sp r ing 1976, and l a t e s p r i n g 1976), t h e s t ag ing and evacuat ion between NARL and t h e i c e camp w i l l b e accomplished by NARL R4D a i r c r a f t .

A l l cargo a r r i v i n g a t NARL i n Barrow w i l l be s t o r e d i n t h e AIDJEX s t o r a g e a r e a and s e n t t o t h e f i e l d when requested by t h e MFO. I f a P I wants access t o h i s cargo whi le a t NARL, the BMFO should be n o t i f i e d .

Evacuation of Gear

The evacuat ion from t h e i c e i s scheduled f o r A p r i l 1976. Equipment w i l l be re turned t o NARZ and Tuktoyaktuk mainly by C-130 a i r c r a f t . I n v e s t i g a t o r s r e tu rn ing through NARL a r e r e spons ib l e f o r arranging shipment of t h e i r own gear from NARL t o home base.

I n v e s t i g a t o r s wi th i n t e r m i t t e n t a c t i v i t i e s on t h e i c e a r e encouraged t o evacuate t h e i r gear t o Barrow a f t e r each term. AIDJEX cannot be respons ib le f o r equipment t h a t i s s t o r e d on the i c e without someone a t t end ing i t . Gear t h a t i s s t o r e d on t h e i c e wi thout a person respons ib le f o r i t w i l l g e t low p r i o r i t y f o r evacuat ion i n an emergency.

Procedures - Medical Forms

MEDICAL FORMS

To a s s i s t t h e camp p h y s i c i a n o r medic i n d iagnos ing and t r e a t i n g i l l n e s s , a l l p e r s o n n e l who w i l l b e working on t h e i c e dur ing t h e main exper iment a r e r e q u e s t e d t o submit t o t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e a medica l r e c o r d and s t a t e - ment from a p h y s i c i a n a t t e s t i n g t h a t t h e y a r e p h y s i c a l l y f i t f o r remote a r c t i c f i e l d work. NARL a l s o r e q u i r e s a copy of t h e s e documents f o r p e r s o n n e l on t h e i c e . The medica l r ecord and c e r t i f i c a t i o n shou ld b e less t h a n s i x months o l d a t t h e t ime t h e pe rson a r r i v e s on t h e i c e , and t h e y should b e s e n t t o t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e a t l e a s t two months b e f o r e t h a t pe r - s o n ' s deployment. The copy t o NARL may b e s e n t ahead o r hand-car r i ed . Sample medica l forms a r e i n c l u d e d as Appendix D,

Exper ience h a s shown t h a t d e n t a l problems a r e a f r e q u e n t s o u r c e of t r o u b l e a t i s o l a t e d s t a t i o n s . Personne l invo lved i n t h e main exper iment a r e t h e r e f o r e adv i sed t o have t h e i r d e n t a l work completed b e f o r e going i n t o t h e f i e l d . A s t a t e m e n t from a d e n t i s t t o t h i s e f f e c t i s r e q u i r e d w i t h t h e medica l c e r t i f i c a t e .

Pe rsons who need e y e g l a s s e s should have two p a i r s and an up-to-date pre- s c r i p t i o n i n t h e i r p o s s e s s i o n . Each person shou ld a c q u i r e h i s own s u n g l a s s e s .

Medical forms w i l l b e mai led t o each P I , who i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r e n s u r i n g t h a t each member of h i s f i e l d team t a k e s t h e medica l exam and r e t u r n s t h e completed forms t o t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e . When a p a r t i c i p a n t moves from one s t a t i o n t o a n o t h e r on t h e i c e , he shou ld HAND CARRY c o p i e s of t h e completed medica l forms and any o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t medica l i n f o r m a t i o n .

The AIDJEX p h y s i c i a n w i l l s c r e e n t h e r e s u l t s of t h e medical examinat ion.

Procedures - Rabies P r e v e n t i o n

RABIES PREVENTION

The a r c t i c f o x sometimes fo l lows t h e p o l a r b e a r a c r o s s t h e pack i c e . Normally t h e f o x i s shy and w i l l run away i f conf ron ted by humans. O c c a s i o n a l l y , however, a fox w i l l g e t r a b i e s . J u s t b e f o r e i t goes i n t o a coma and d i e s , i t becomes comple te ly f e a r l e s s and w i l l a t t a c k any th ing t h a t moves and i s w i t h i n i t s reach . A b i t e from a r a b i d animal w i l l undoubtedly p a s s on t h e d i s e a s e , and r a b i e s i s dead ly . Dogs and o t h e r house p e t s can b e immunized by s h o t s , b u t t h e r e i s no proven v a c c i n e f o r human p r o t e c t i o n .

Should any p a r t i c i p a n t be b i t t e n by a f o x o r any o t h e r animal w h i l e i n Barrow, Tuktoyaktuk, o r any i c e camp, he o r s h e h a s t o r e p o r t t h i s t o t h e MFO o r BMFO. Medical t r e a t m e n t i s a v a i l a b l e , a r a t h e r e x t e n s i v e s e r i e s of s h o t s t h a t can b e admin i s te red . A pe rson can be saved from r a b i e s i f t h e t r ea tment i s g iven immediately a f t e r t h e a c c i d e n t . The l o n g e r t h e t i m e between t h e a c c i d e n t and t h e s t a r t of medica l t r e a t m e n t , t h e l e s s chance f o r a s u c c e s s f u l t r e a t m e n t .

I f a f o x o r o t h e r w i l d animal i s s i g h t e d t h a t behaves s t r a n g e l y , e . g . , runs i n c i r c l e s o r s t a g g e r s around a s i f i n t o x i c a t e d , one should a t t empt t o k i l l t h e animal b e f o r e i t a t t a c k s . I f t h e animal i s heading f o r a p e r s o n , he cou ld t r y t o avo id b e i n g b i t t e n by l e t t i n g i t b i t e a s k i p o l e o r any s i m i l a r ob j e c t a t hand.

An animal t h a t h a s been k i l l e d shou ld b e t u r n e d over t o t h e MFO o r BMFO, who w i l l forward i t t o t h e p roper a u t h o r i t i e s .

PCSP had two c a s e s d u r i n g t h e 1973-74 f i e l d season i n which persons were b i t t e n . I n b o t h c a s e s t h e a c c i d e n t was r e p o r t e d s e v e r a l days a f t e r i t occur red . Lab tests on t h e animals i n d i c a t e d r a b i e s i n one c a s e . Both persons were t r e a t e d w i t h i n j e c t i o n s , and n e i t h e r d i e d .

Procedures - S a n i t a t i o n

SANITATION

Because t h e camps w i l l b e manned c o n t i n o u s l y f o r 1 4 months, i n c l u d i n g a summer m e l t s eason , s t r i c t a t t e n t i o n must b e p a i d t o s a n i t a r y h a b i t s and u s e of camp s a n i t a r y f a c i l i t i e s .

I t i s impor tan t t h a t each i n d i v i d u a l m a i n t a i n a h i g h s t a n d a r d of p e r s o n a l hygiene. P e r s o n a l comfort w i l l h e l p everyone t o keep s p i r i t s h i g h d u r i n g long p e r i o d s of ha rd work and i s o l a t i o n . Personna l w i l l b e encouraged t o shower once a week. It shou ld b e n o t e d , though, t h a t t h e f r e s h w a t e r supp ly i s l i m i t e d t o how much i c e and snow i s c o l l e c t e d and mel ted . Camp r e s i d e n t s w i l l t h e r e f o r e b e expec ted t o r e f i l l t h e m e l t i n g t a n k s w i t h i c e a f t e r t h e y have used t h e f a c i l i t i e s .

During t h e p a s t p i l o t exper iments , u r i n a l s c o n s i s t e d of wood s t a k e s s t u c k i n t h e snow o u t s i d e each b u i l d i n g . Such a d e v i c e was a c c e p t a b l e because t h e camps were abandoned b e f o r e t h e summer m e l t . Th i s t ime , however, ANY u r i n a t i o n ou tdoors w i l l b e ABSOLUTELY PROHIBITED. S i n c e f r e s h w a t e r even d u r i n g t h e summer m e l t s e a s o n h a s t o be c o l l e c t e d from t h e s u r f a c e and m e l t w a t e r f lows from one a r e a t o a n o t h e r , s u r f a c e con tamina t ion must be k e p t t o a minimum.

Every a t t e m p t w i l l b e made t o h a u l a l l r e f u s e t o t h e s h o r e . Excess body l i q u i d s such a s s p i t and u r i n e and r i n s e w a t e r from washing and t h e k i t c h e n w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d i n empty f u e l drums. S o l i d human w a s t e w i l l b e d i sposed of i n p o r t a b l e t o i l e t s l i n e d w i t h p l a s t i c bags t h a t , a f t e r each u s e , w i l l b e c a r r i e d by t h e u s e r t o a d e s i g n a t e d empty f u e l drum. T o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s w i l l be set up i n s u i t a b l e l o c a t i o n s . The main camp k i t c h e n w i l l have a ga rbage compactor, and t h e compacted w a s t e w i l l be accumulated i n o i l drums.

Some snow con tamina t ion i n t h e camps i s unavoidab le , such a s s o o t from s t o v e s , and w i l l enhance m e l t i n g i n t h e summer. Engine o i l and f u e l s p i l l s w i l l produce mel twa te r ponds. T h e r e f o r e , a l l s p i l l s shou ld be p icked up and d e p o s i t e d i n an empty f u e l drum.

Procedures - Fi rea rms

FIREARMS

Firearms on t h e i c e have b u t one purpose: a s p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t r a b i d f o x e s ( c f . Rabies s e c t i o n ) and a g a i n s t p o l a r b e a r s t h a t are h o s t i l e . P o l a r b e a r s a r e n o t u s u a l l y a g g r e s s i v e , b u t they a r e complete ly f e a r l e s s and sometimes i n s i s t e n t l y c u r i o u s . I n i t s s e a r c h f o r food a b e a r might p i c k up t h e s c e n t of a garbage dump and wander i n t o camp. There is a l s o t h e remote p o s s i - b i l i t y of a n o u t r i g h t a t t a c k o u t s i d e t h e camp a r e a s ( a s , f o r example, t h e c l a s s i c encounte r r e p o r t e d by Nansen).

I n t h e vas.t m a j o r i t y of c a s e s , b e a r s can be s c a r e d away by loud n o i s e s o r v e h i c l e s . A b e a r who i n s i s t s on s t a y i n g around a camp becomes a danger t o p e r s o n n e l and equipment and must b e removed. For t h i s purpose , t h e p o l a r b e a r r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t a t NARL w i l l i s s u e one t r a n q u i l i z e r gun t o each camp, and c e r t a i n f i e l d p e r s o n n e l w i l l b e i n s t r u c t e d a t NARL i n t h e u s e of t h e s e guns. The MFO a t t h e main camp and t h e SSL a t t h e s a t e l l i t e camps w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e t r a n q u i l i z e r t o t h e b e a r . I f a b e a r i s s u c c e s s f u l l y t r a n q u i l i z e d , a t a g , a l s o provided by NARL, w i l l b e a t t a c h e d t o i t . A f t e r t h i s e x p e r i e n c e , i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t t h e b e a r w i l l want t o s t a y around. I f a h e l i c o p t e r is a v a i l a b l e , t h e b e a r w i l l b e flown away i n a cargo n e t . A b e a r w i l l be k i l l e d on ly i f i t poses a n immediate danger and cannot be removed any o t h e r way.

Hunting of any k i n d ( s h o o t i n g - s e a l s , t r a p p i n g foxes ) w i l l n o t be p e r m i t t e a .

Fi rearms Procedures

The danger r e s u l t i n g from t h e u n r e s t r i c t e d p o s s e s s i o n and hand l ing of f i r e a r m s i s c o n s i d e r a b l y g r e a t e r t h a n t h e danger from p o l a r b e a r s . I n t h e h i s t o r y of U.S. d r i f t i n g s t a t i o n s s i n c e I G Y one man h a s been s h o t and k i l l e d by a n o t h e r , and s e v e r a l a c c i d e n t a l near-misses have been r e p o r t e d .

T h e r e f o r e , i n t h e i n t e r e s t of s a f e t y , no p e r s o n a l f i r e a r m s may b e t a k e n t o t h e i c e camps. P e r s o n a l f i r e a r m s found i n t h e i c e camps w i l l be s e n t t o NARL f o r sa fekeep ing . I f t h e owner of t h e weapon o b j e c t s t o t h i s pro- cedure , h e o r s h e w i l l be s e n t back t o Barrow o r Tuktoyaktuk.

To p r o v i d e adequa te p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t a n i m a l s , NARL w i l l i s s u e b o l t - a c t i o n r i f l e s (.3006 o r h e a v i e r ) , doub le -bar re l sho tguns , and heavy-ca l ibe r hand guns ( r e v o l v e r s ) . A l l p e r s o n n e l going through Barrow w i l l be i n s t r u c t e d i n t h e u s e and s a f e h a n d l i n g of t h e s e weapons. A l l p a r t i c i p a n t s w i l l c e r t i f y i n w r i t i n g b e f o r e d e p a r t i n g f o r t h e i c e t h a t t h e y have read and unders tood t h i s s e c t i o n .

I n t h e camps, t h e weapons w i l l be d i s t r i b u t e d and used a s f o l l o w s :

1. A t t h e o p t i o n of t h e occupants of t h e l i v i n g q u a r t e r s , a shotgun w i l l be k e p t i n t h e s e b u i l d i n g s . The shotguns w i l l n o t be loaded . S h e l l s w i l l b e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e n e x t t o t h e guns. R i f l e s and p i s t o l s w i t h ammuni- t i o n w i l l b e o b t a i n e d from t h e MFO o r SSL.

Procedures - Firearms

2. A l l p a r t i e s working o r t r a v e l i n g away from t h e camp shou ld have w i t h them a t l e a s t one weapon, which w i l l be o b t a i n e d from t h e MFO o r SSL upon d e p a r t u r e and w i l l be r e t u r n e d immediately a f t e r t h e p a r t y has a r r i v e d back i n camp.

A l l f i r e a r m s must b e k e p t f r e e of g r e a s e , e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g t h e co ld season . L ike a l l o t h e r o b j e c t s brought from t h e co ld o u t s i d e i n t o a warm h u t , t h e weapons w i l l c o l l e c t r ime. A f t e r t h e r ime has mel ted , t h e f i r e a r m must b e disassembled and wiped c a r e f u l l y . A l i g h t c o a t of o i l shou ld b e a p p l i e d t o p reven t r u s t i n g ,

The MFO and t h e SSL w i l l a r r a n g e f o r o c c a s i o n a l p r a c t i c e s h o o t i n g o u t s i d e t h e camp i n a s a f e l o c a t i o n . A l l p e r s o n n e l a r e encouraged t o a c q u i r e and m a i n t a i n some f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h t h e c a r e and s a f e use of f i r e a r m s .

Procedures - Explos ives

EXPLOSIVES

T h i s o p e r a t i n g p rocedure covers t h e u s e of e x p l o s i v e s i n t h e s e i s m i c a n i s o t r o p y exper iment . It e s t a b l i s h e s s a f e t y p rocedures f o r and-adequa te c o n t r o l of e x p l o s i v e m a t e r i a l s , d e f i n e s a u t h o r i t y and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of pe rsons i n v o l v e d , and e n s u r e s t h a t r e f e r e n c e d p rocedures a r e c l e a r l y d e f i n e d and enforced .

Equipment

The equipment and s u p p l i e s d e s c r i b e d below w i l l be used d u r i n g t h e b l a s t i n g Opera t ions a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e s e i s m i c a n i s o t r o p y exper iment .

Exp Zosives and detonators :

1. Geogel 60% 2. Prima-cord, 50 g r a i n l f o o t , e x p l o s i v e 3 . E l e c t r i c d e t o n a t o r s ij8 Seismocaps

Hardware :

1. B l a s t i n g machine t y p e "Min ib las te r" 2. Galvanometer Ag C 1 t y p e 3 . F i r i n g l i n e w i t h s h o r t i n g b a r s

Safe ty and warning devices :

1. S h o r t t h e l e a d s on seismocaps! 2 . I n d i v i d u a l s t a t i c e l e c t r i c i t y grounding d e v i c e s of t h e "Let S t a t "

type .

1 R e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s I 1 The PCSP Coord ina to r , o r h i s d e s i g n a t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , w i l l be r e s p o n s i b l e 1 f o r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n of e x p l o s i v e s t o t h e i c e camps and cach ing a t s h o t

l o c a t i o n s , The MFO w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r s t o r a g e of e x p l o s i v e s a t t h e i c e camp p r i o r t o cach ing a t s h o t l o c a t i o n s .

The MFO w i l l d e s i g n a t e t h e pe rsons t o b e i n charge of b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s . Those d e s i g n a t e d w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e conduct and s a f e t y of a l l b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s under t h e i r c o n t r o l and w i l l have a u t h o r i t y o v e r a l l p e r s o n n e l i n t h e f i r i n g a r e a .

Only t h o s e pe rsons who are' t r a i n e d i n t h e u s e and h a n d l i n g of e x p l o s i v e s t o t h e s a t i s f a c t i o n of t h e MFO s h a l l b e a u t h o r i z e d t o t a k e charge of b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s . At t h i s t ime (December 1 2 , 1974) t h e pe rson s o a u t h o r i z e d f o r t h e s e i s m i c experiment i s Alec Mair.

Procedures - Explos ives

S a f e t y Procedures

1. NARL i n Barrow w i l l b e n o t i f i e d 24 h o u r s i n advance of b l a s t i n g .

2 . N o t i f i c a t i o n of b l a s t i n g w i l l b e pos ted i n t h e m e s s h a l l a t main b a s e and s a t e l l i t e camps 8 hours p r i o r t o b l a s t i n g , N o t i c e w i l l i n c l u d e t ime and p l a c e of b l a s t i n g . N o t i c e w i l l a l s o be pos ted t o a d v i s e end of s e i s m i c exper iment .

3 . Radio t r a n s m i t t e r s and beacons must b e tu rned o f f when e l e c t r i c b l a s t i n g caps a r e used.

4 , During b l a s t i n g no smoking w i l l be p e r m i t t e d .

5. Only nonsparking t o o l s w i l l be used on o r around t h e e x p l o s i v e s and i n i t i a t o r s .

6 . A person t r a i n e d i n f i r s t - a i d w i l l be a v a i l a b l e d u r i n g a l l b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s .

B l a s t i n g Procedures -

1. F i r i n g p rocedures w i l l be conducted i n accordance w i t h Canadian r u l e s and r e g u l a t i o n s governing s e i s m i c b l a s t i n g .

2. The MFO must review and approve b l a s t i n g p l a n s w i t h t h e pe rson i n charge of b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s b e f o r e commencing.

3 . A f i r i n g a r e a w i l l be d e f i n e d f o r each b l a s t which must extend a t l e a s t 300 f e e t from t h e b l a s t i n g p o i n t .

4 . The person i n charge of b l a s t i n g w i l l

( a ) a c q u a i n t a l l p e r s o n n e l invo lved w i t h t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e s a f e t y a r e a s .

(b) i n s p e c t t h e f i r i n g a r e a t o make s u r e no o t h e r pe rsons a r e p r e s e n t .

( c ) n o t i f y a l l o t h e r camp p e r s o n n e l of proposed f i r i n g , time of f i r i n g , and s a f e t y a r e a s . Th i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s t o b e pos ted on t h e b u l l e t i n board i n t h e m e s s h a l l 8 hours p r i o r t o b l a s t i n g .

(d) make s u r e a l l r a d i o t r a n s m i t t e r s and r a d i o beacons a r e o f f ( i f u s i n g e l e c t r i c d e t o n a t o r s ) .

( e ) d e s i g n a t e s a f e t y a r e a s f o r p e r s o n n e l who a r e f i r i n g .

Procedures - Misce l laneous

MISCELLANEOUS PROCEDURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A l l f i e l d p e r s o n n e l w i l l have s p e c i f i c d u t i e s r e l a t e d t o s c i e n t i f i c programs, camp maintenance, and t e c h n i c a l s e r v i c e . T h e i r f i r s t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s t o d i s c h a r g e t h e s e d u t i e s . However, i n t h e u n p r e d i c t a b l e environment of d r i f t i n g pack i c e and t h e p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y s t r e s s f u l atmosphere of a s m a l l , i s o l a t e d camp, some f l e x i b i l i t y i n ass ignments must be r e t a i n e d .

T h i s s e c t i o n o u t l i n e s p rocedures and recommendations f o r camp maintenance and conduct t h a t may n o t b e covered e l sewhere i n t h i s manual. (See t h e P i c t o r i a l Appendix, a s w e l l . )

Runway o r Camp Breakup

Breakup can range from a r e l a t i v e l y harmless c r a c k t o t h e t o t a l d e s t r u c t i o n of a camp. I f t h e s c i e n t i f i c program h a s t o be reduced, t h e MFO w i l l make t h e arrangements i n c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e PD, i f p o s s i b l e , and w i t h t h e SS. I n s e r i o u s ' e m e r g e n c i e s , t h e MFO ( o r h i s deputy) assumes r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r a l l d e c i s i o n s , i n c l u d i n g t h e temporary assignment of any person p r e s e n t i n camp t o any c h o r e deemed e s s e n t i a l t o t h e s a f e t y of p e r s o n n e l and equipment. The MFO a l s o d e c i d e s on t h e p a r t i a l o r t o t a l e v a c u a t i o n of a camp. I n t h e u n l i k e l y b u t p o s s i b l e even t of t o t a l i n c a p a c i t a t i o n of t h e main s t a t i o n , i t may b e n e c e s s a r y t o evacua te a l l camps. I f a t a l l p o s s i b l e , such extreme s i t u a t i o n s w i l l be handled j o i n t l y by t h e PD, t h e BMFO, and t h e MFO.

Breakup and e v a c u a t i o n a r e d i s c u s s e d more thoroughly i n t h e s e c t i o n on deployment and e v a c u a t i o n .

Mel twater and S l u s h

To minimize t h e impact of s l u s h and mel twa te r d u r i n g t h e summer s e a s o n , t h e camp b u i l d i n g s w i l l be p laced on hummocks. The s e l e c t i o n of "high ground" and t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of s k i r t s around t h e b u i l d i n g s should h e l p t o keep t h e founda t ions reasonab ly d r y d u r i n g t h e summer months. The p a r c o l l s w i l l be p r o t e c t e d by s t a c k i n g a l l a v a i l a b l e empty packing c r a t e s and cardboard boxes around them.

When m e l t ponds form, every e f f o r t w i l l be made t o d r a i n t h e w a t e r . I n most c a s e s , augered h o l e s through t h e i c e i n t o t h e ocean w i l l unload t h e i c e and make i t r i s e h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y a s t h e w a t e r r u n s o f f . Dra in h o l e s w i l l be f l a g g e d , s i n c e t h e y o f t e n i n c r e a s e i n d iamete r due t o t h e s l i g h t l y h i g h e r t empera tu re of t h e s u r f a c e w a t e r .

Cables and w i r e s must b e k e p t o f f t h e s u r f a c e s o t h a t they a r e a c c e s s i b l e i f a l e a d opens i n t h e camp. T h i s w i l l a l s o p r e v e n t t h e i r m e l t i n g i n t o t h e i c e and l y i n g i n w a t e r - f i l l e d t r e n c h e s i n t h e summer. The f r e e z i n g t h a t o c c u r s f r e q u e n t l y d u r i n g t h e summer would make mel ted- in c a b l e s i r r e t r i e v a b l e .


D r i f t i n g Snow

During t h e s h o r t p i l o t s t u d i e s i n 1971 and 1972 we were f o r t u n a t e t o have few snowstorms and l i t t l e heavy d r i f t i n g , -but i t is r e a s o n a b l e t o assume t h a t t h e r e w i l l be c o n s i d e r a b l y more s torms 'dur ing a f u l l y e a r on t h e i c e . To avoid l o s i n g t h i n g s i n t h e snow t h a t remain l o s t u n t i l t h e n e x t summer, each P I shou ld keep h i s packing c r a t e s and g e a r i n one p l a c e out- s i d e h i s b u i l d i n g . The c o m e r s of each p i l e shou ld b e marked w i t h bamboo p o l e s . Even b e t t e r , empty f u e l drums could b e spaced about two f e e t a p a r t and t h e g e a r s t a c k e d on top of t h e drums; t h i s would reduce s i g n i f i c a n t l y t h e amount of snow d r i f t i n g around t h e g e a r .

P r o g r e s s Repor t s

The SS i s r e q u i r e d t o make weekly s i t u a t i o n r e p o r t s summarizing t h e s c i e n t i f i c work t h a t h a s been accomplished. The MFO i s r e q u i r e d t o make weekly s i t u a t i o n r e p o r t s on t h e camp a c t i v i t i e s a t t h e manned s t a t i o n s . These r e p o r t s w i l l be t r a n s m i t t e d t o NARL i n Barrow; t h e BMFO w i l l t h e n d i s t r i b u t e them t o t h e AIDJEX O f f i c e i n S e a t t l e , t o ONR i n A r l i n g t o n , V i r g i n i a , and t o NSF i n Washington, D . C .

Opera t ing Time

A l l s c i e n t i f i c r e c o r d s and s i t u a t i o n r e p o r t s w i l l be recorded i n Greenwich Mean Time. A l l camp a c t i v i t i e s w i l l be on Alaska t ime .

Work Schedule

E s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d s of cont inuous d a y l i g h t o r con t inuous dark- n e s s , i t i s sometimes d i f f i c u l t t o m a i n t a i n a r e g u l a r schedu le of working, r e l a x i n g , s o c i a l i z i n g , and s l e e p i n g . S t r i c t adherence t o t h e meal hours i s t h e most e f f e c t i v e a i d . I n r a r e c a s e s i t may b e a p p r o p r i a t e and advantageous f o r a pe rson t o go on "n igh t s c h e d u l e , " b u t an unsupported wish t o go on n i g h t du ty f r e q u e n t l y s i g n i f i e s p s y c h o l o g i c a l d i s t r e s s and wi thdrawal .

Grievances

A l l problems r e s u l t i n g from l a c k of c o o p e r a t i o n between i n d i v i d u a l s , e x c e s s i v e work l o a d , o r any o t h e r p e r s o n a l d i s t r e s s shou ld be b rought t o t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e SSL, t h e SS, o r t h e MFO, a s a p p r o p r i a t e . Any ,person i s e n t i t l e d t o use e x i s t i n g communications f a c i l i t i e s t o r e p o r t g r i e v - ances t o a pe rson i n charge. Every e f f o r t w i l l be made t o s o l v e such problems by r e d i s t r i b u t i n g d u t i e s o r r e a s s i g n i n g p e r s o n n e l t o o t h e r s t a t i o n s o r d u t i e s . I f t h e evacua t ion of anyone from t h e i c e i s n e c e s s a r y , every e f f o r t w i l l be made t o c o n s u l t w i t h t h e PD.


I n problems of a t e c h n i c a l o r p e r s o n a l n a t u r e , o v e r r i d i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n w i l l b e g iven t o t h e good of t h e p r o j e c t a s a whole. Grievances t h a t cannot b e r e s o l v e d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y i n t h e f i e l d w i l l b e handled by t h e i n d i v i d u a l ' s home i n s t i t u t i o n accord ing t o e x i s t i n g r e g u l a t i o n s .

P h y s i c a l E x e r c i s e

S h o r t h i k e s and s k i t r i p s a r e of g r e a t v a l u e i n m a i n t a i n i n g p h y s i c a l f i t n e s s . However, heavy b r e a t h i n g i n extremely c o l d a i r and working up a' sweat shou ld b e avoided.

Beards

A long beard c o l l e c t s a g r e a t d e a l of i c e and can be a nu i sance . A s h o r t - c l i p p e d beard seems t o o f f e r t h e b e s t compromise: i t p rov ides some f a c i a l p r o t e c t i o n y e t c o l l e c t s on ly a s m a l l amount of i c e from exhaled m o i s t u r e .

En te r ta inment

AIDJEX memos about e n t e r t a i n m e n t , r e f r e s h m e n t s , and o t h e r d i v e r s i o n s w i l l b e s e n t t o a l l p a r t i c i p a n t s b e f o r e deployment.

F i r s t -Aid and F i r e - F i g h t i n g T r a i n i n g

P a r t i c i p a n t s , a s t i m e p e r m i t s , w i l l r e c e i v e f i r s t - a i d and f i r e - f i g h t i n g t r a i n i n g w h i l e they t r a n s i t NARL i n Barrow. The i n s t r u c t i o n w i l l be conducted by NARL s a f e t y and f i r e o f f i c e r s .

P e r s o n a l S a f e t y

Everyone on t h e i c e must s t a y w i t h i n t h e immediate camp a r e a o r i t s l i n e of s i g h t u n l e s s accompanied by ano ther pe rson . A l l p a r t i c i p a n t s w i l l b e g iven a s i g n a l m i r r o r and a pen f l a r e gun t o be c a r r i e d i n a pocket a t a22 times.

I n t h e n e a r l y twenty y e a r s of a r c t i c o p e r a t i o n s , which were suppor ted p r i - m a r i l y by NARL, on ly two f a t a l a c c i d e n t s have o c c u r r e d , b o t h of them caused by t h e v i c t i m . The s a f e t y p rocedures g iven throughout t h i s Opera t ions Manual a r e i n t e n d e d t o p r e v e n t a c c i d e n t s , b u t t h e r u l e s cannot cover a l l p o s s i b l e s i t u a t i o n s . P a r t i c i p a n t s i n t h e f i e l d program must be i n good h e a l t h and b e p repared t o cope w i t h t h e o f t e n t r y i n g s o c i a l environment of conf ined and i s o l a t e d camps. The dangers posed by c l i m a t e , machinery, a i r c r a f t p r o p e l l e r s , open w a t e r , p r e s s u r e r i d g e s , weapons, and e x p l o s i v e s can b e overcome on ly i f everyone fo l lows e x p l i c i t r u l e s and uses c a u t i o n and common s e n s e a t a l l t i m e s .

A l l f i e l d p e r s o n n e l shou ld a r r a n g e f o r h e a l t h and l i f e i n s u r a n c e , e i t h e r i n d i v i d u a l l y o r through t h e i r employing agency.

DEPLOYMENT AND EVACUATION

SEARCH FOR MAIN CAMP SITE

Major f a c t o r s i n de te rmin ing t h e l o c a t i o n of t h e camp a r r a y a r e t h e payload range o f t h e a i r c r a f t , t h e i c e d r i f t , t h e summer m e l t p a t t e r n s , and t h e i c e edge. From t h e s e c o n s t r a i n t s , t h e optimum r e g i o n f o r deployment appears t o b e 75"-76"N l a t i t u d e and 137"-142"W l o n g i t u d e ( F i g . 3 ) .

F i g . 3 . C o n f i g u r a t i o n of t h e AIDJEX main exper iment . Data buoys a r e r e p r e s e n t e d by c r o s s e s , manned s t a t i o n s by c i rc led d o t s .

Deployment

I n February 1975, U.S. and Canadian a g e n c i e s f l y i n g i c e p a t r o l over t h e Beaufor t Sea w i l l b e asked t o r e c o n n o i t e r t h e t a r g e t a r e a t o check i c e c o n d i t i o n s and look f o r s u i t a b l e f l o e s . I n t h e second h a l f of February, t h e Twin Otter w i l l make f i n a l s e a r c h f l i g h t s i n t h e a r e a of i n t e r e s t .

The Twin O t t e r w i l l s t a g e o u t of Sachs Harbor and u s e t h e f u e l cache a t Norway I s l a n d t o have maximum endurance o v e r t h e s e a r c h a r e a . I t w i l l c a r r y drummed f u e l , t h r e e i c e o b s e r v e r s , and i c e augers f o r measur ing i c e t h i c k n e s s . A f t e r t h e Twin O t t e r h a s found one o r more p o s s i b l e s i t es , t h e R4D w i l l d e p a r t from NARL and j o i n t h e Twin O t t e r on t h e i c e .

S i t e s e l e c t i o n w i l l b e made j o i n t l y by NARL, PCSP, and t h e AIDJEX s t a f f . The R4D l o a d w i l l i n c l u d e t h e camp e s s e n t i a l s ( t e n t , g e n e r a t o r , r a d i o , beacon, runway markers , e t c . ) , a r a d i o t e c h n i c i a n , and a C-130 runway i n s p e c t o r s o t h a t t h e s i t e can b e manned a s soon a s it i s found.

It is hoped t h a t by l a t e February t h e main camp w i l l b e e s t a b l i s h e d on a m u l t i y e a r f l o e a t l e a s t 5 f e e t t h i c k and a d j a c e n t t o a f i r s t - y e a r f r o z e n l e a d , t h e rudimentary camp s e t up, and t h e heavy a i r l i f t p roceed ing .

DEPLOYMENT OF CAMPS

Once t h e s i t e f o r t h e main camp i s found, t h e R4D w i l l l and and p e r s o n n e l w i l l unload t h e camp g e a r , set up t h e i n i t i a l camp, i n s t a l l t h e ADF beacon, and e s t a b l i s h r a d i o c o n t a c t w i t h NARL and PCSP. Runway markers w i l l a l s o be i n s t a l l e d b e f o r e t h e Twin O t t e r and R4D l e a v e . S u f f i c i e n t p e r s o n n e l t o o p e r a t e a minimal camp w i l l b e l e f t on t h e i c e .

At NARL t h e C-130 w i l l be ready t o s t a r t f l y i n g camp g e a r t o t h e i c e . The R4D and t h e Twin O t t e r w i l l f l y c o n s t r u c t i o n crew and h e l p e r s t o t h e i c e . It i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t by 10 March t h e e s s e n t i a l gea r w i l l be l i f t e d t o t h e camp s i t e and t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e main camp s u f f i c i e n t l y com- p l e t e d t o a c c e p t s c i e n c e programs. I n accordance w i t h t h e occupancy s c h e d u l e and p r i o r i t i e s (Appendix C), t h e s c i e n c e programs w i l l b e deployed t o t h e main camp a s f a c i l i t i e s become a v a i l a b l e .

A t t h e main camp, t h e c a r p e n t e r s and e l e c t r i c i a n w i l l assemble and w i r e t h e 12x12 b u i l d i n g s f o r . t h e s a t e l l i t e camps. These w i l l be l i f t e d by h e l i c o p t e r t o t h e s a t e l l i t e camp si tes.

By 20 March t h e main camp shou ld be completed and i n r o u t i n e o p e r a t i o n . At t h a t t i m e t h e s a t e l l i t e s i t e s w i l l b e found and t h e s e camps deployed. By 5 A p r i l t h e four-camp a r r a y i s schedu led t o b e i n o p e r a t i o n .

Evacuat ion

EVACUATION

We expec t t h a t t h e e v a c u a t i o n of t h e i c e camps w i l l f o l l o w one of t h r e e p a t t e r n s :

1. Normal Evacua t ion

I f t h e runway a t t h e main camp i s s t i l l u s a b l e f o r C-130 a i r c r a f t i n s p r i n g 1976, e v e r y t h i n g excep t b u i l d i n g s w i l l b e brought back t o t h e s h o r e s t a t i o n s .

2. Evacua t ion Froin an A l t e r n a t e Runway

I f t h e runway a t t h e main camp h a s been damaged by p r e s s u r e r i d g e s o r l e a d s , an a l t e r n a t e C-130 runway may b e used. It i s expec ted t h a t equipment and s u p p l i e s i n t h e main camp w i l l b e a i r l i f t e d by t h e Twin O t t e r and t h e h e l i - c o p t e r t o t h e a l t e r n a t e runway. The amount of cargo t h a t i s evacuated w i l l be l i m i t e d by a combination of t h e payload c a p a b i l i t y of t h e s e a i r c r a f t , t h e amount of budgeted f l y i n g t ime remaining, and t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of a v i a t i o n f u e l on s i t e .

Within t h o s e l i m i t a t i o n s , t h e Twin O t t e r and h e l i c o p t e r w i l l f l y a s much g e a r a s p o s s i b l e t o an a l t e r n a t e C-130 runway, which w i l l be l o c a t e d a s c l o s e as p o s s i b l e t o t h e main camp. The g e a r w i l l t h e n be t r a n s f e r r e d t o a C-130 a i r c r a f t and flown t o t h e s h o r e .

PIS a r e r e q u e s t e d t o p r e p a r e p r i o r i t y l is ts f o r t h e i r equipment showing weigh t , b u l k , and v a l u e of each u n i t . PCSP and NARL w i l l p r e p a r e s i m i l a r p r i o r i t y l is ts f o r s u p p o r t equipment be long ing t o them.

The MFO i n c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e PIS w i l l d e c i d e what equipment t o evacua te . I f a c o n s i d e r a b l e amount of g e a r h a s t o b e l e f t beh ind , t h e r e i s a p o s s i - b i l i t y of a la ter e v a c u a t i o n by i c e b r e a k e r . A r e q u e s t f o r such a s s i s t a n c e h a s been submi t t ed t o t h e U.S. Coast Guard.

3. Emergency Evacuat ion

I f t h e r e i s a s e v e r e breakup of t h e main camp--one i n which i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o r e l o c a t e t h e b u i l d i n g s and r e s t o r e t h e s c i e n t i f i c programs--i t w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y t o t e r m i n a t e t h e whole program. S i n c e t h e main camp i s t h e l d g i s t i c a l b a s e f o r t h e s a t e l l i t e canlps, they w i l l a l s o have t o be evacuated.

I f an emergency e v a c u a t i o n becomes n e c e s s a r y , p r i o r i t i e s f o r e v a c u a t i o n a r e a s f o l l o w s :

1. P e r s o n n e l 2. S c i e n t i f i c d a t a 3. Equipment (based on v a l u e , w e i g h t , and bulk)

Runway and Camp Breakup

RUNWAY AND CAMP BREAKUP

Cracks and r i d g e s occur i n s e a i c e of any t h i c k n e s s , Thin i c e ( l e s s t h a n 1 m t h i c k ) may form an i n s t a n t p r e s s u r e r i d g e by f a i l u r e i n compression between two t h i c k f l o e s . A p r e s s u r e r i d g e t h u s formed may become l a r g e enough t o b reak m u l t i y e a r i c e a s w e l l . P r e s s u r e r i d g i n g i n t h i c k i c e i s always preceded by t h e fo rmat ion of a c r a c k .

There i s no p r e f e r r e d t i m e of y e a r f o r c rack ing and r i d g i n g t o occur . The on ly p r e d i c t i o n t h a t can b e made is t h a t m u l t i y e a r i c e (about 3 m t h i c k ) i s less l i k e l y t o b r e a k t h a n t h i n n e r i c e . The p r o b a b i l i t y of t h i s e v e n t happening i n c r e a s e s b o t h w i t h t ime and w i t h t h e s i z e of t h e i c e s u r f a c e used f o r camps and runways.

Cracks may be s o narrow ( a few i n c h e s ) t h a t t h e y soon f r e e z e i f t h e i c e i s co ld o r they may be wide enough t o t o t a l l y d e s t r o y t h e runway o r camp. Given such a range of s e r i o u s n e s s , we can o u t l i n e h e r e on ly a g e n e r a l s t r a t e g y .

Damage

The runway, a s t h e l a r g e s t f e a t u r e of a d r i f t i n g i c e camp, i s t h e most l i k e l y t o be damaged o r rendered u s e l e s s by c r a c k s o r p r e s s u r e r i d g e s . I n camp, t h e most p robab le and immediate damage from breakup i s t h e s e v e r i n g of power l i n e s and c a b l e s between s c i e n t i f i c s e n s o r s and t h e i r r e c o r d i n g a p p a r a t u s . Cables and w i r e s w i l l have c o n s i d e r a b l e s l a c k s o t h a t some f l e x i b i l i t y e x i s t s , and c a b l e s can b e d i sconnec ted when t h e i c e b e g i n s t o c r a c k .

A g e n e r a l breakup, i n c l u d i n g t h e fo rmat ion of wide l e a d s ( s e v e r a l hundred m e t e r s ) , p r e s s u r e r i d g e s , and s h e a r i n g mot ion, i s n o t l i k e l y , b u t i t h a s occur red , a t S t a t i o n Alpha i n A p r i l 1958. Events of t h i s k i n d t a k e hours o r d a y s , and t h e d i r e c t danger t o p e r s o n n e l i s more l i k e l y t o r e s u l t from c a r e l e s s n e s s and p a n i c t h a n from t h e n a t u r a l even t . I n c a s e of camp breakup o r s i m i l a r emergency, t h e MFO assumes t h e s o l e command over a l l a c t i v i t i e s on t h e i c e and may a s s i g n i n d i v i d u a l s t o emergency d u t i e s a s t h e s i t u a t i o n demands. He w i l l c o n s u l t w i t h t h e BMFO, t h e SS, and t h e PD, i f p o s s i b l e , about t h e measures t o be t aken .

F u e l , t e n t s , food, g e n e r a t o r s , and r a d i o s w i l l b e d i s t r i b u t e d t o s e v e r a l l o c a t i o n s around t h e camp f o r u s e i n t h e event of a s e v e r e breakup. Unless t h e r e i s a c r i p p l i n g l o s s of b u i l d i n g s and equipment, i t i s expec ted t h a t t h e s e caches w i l l p rov ide a b a s i s f o r t h e g r a d u a l r e s t o r a t i o n of t h e s c i e n t i f i c programs and r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of t h e camp.

Runway and Camp Breakup

I c e Tnspec t ion

The i c e i n and around camps and runways w i l l be i n s p e c t e d f r e q u e n t l y ( a t l e a s t once a day) f o r new c r a c k s and movement i n e x i s t i n g p r e s s u r e r i d g e s . A l l p e r s o n n e l on t h e i c e shou ld b e on t h e lookout f o r such e v e n t s and shou ld r e p o r t them t o t h e MFO. A t t h e t ime of i n i t i a l deployment a s w e l l a s d u r i n g t h e e n t i r e o p e r a t i o n , t h e su r rounding i c e w i l l be moni tored f o r a l t e r n a t e runway and camp s i t e s . E s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g autumn, the rmal c r a c k s a r e f r e q u e n t l y heard and seen . They a r e t h e r e s u l t of the rmal c o n t r a c t i o n of t h e upper i c e l a y e r s , and a r e g e n e r a l l y ha rmless .

CAMP FACILITIES

BUILDINGS

Accommodation on t h e i c e w i l l be p rov ided i n NARL p r e f a b r i c a t e d b u i l d i n g s , p a r c o l l s , and t e n t s . The NARL p r e f a b s w i l l b e l i k e t h e ones used d u r i n g t h e 1972 p i l o t s t u d y , w i t h a few changes and improvements: f l u o r e s c e n t l i g h t i n g , o i l b u r n e r s , a i r c i r c u l a t i o n f a n s , i n n e r and o u t e r plywood s k i n , e x t e r i o r o r i n t e r i o r v e s t i b u l e s (doghouse o r f u l l - w i d t h p a r t i t i o n s ) , prewired e l e c t r i c a l p a n e l ( t w i s t - l o c k main e l e c t r i c a l r e c e p t a c l e on t h e o u t s i d e , f o u r 3-prong r e c e p t a c l e s on t h e i n s i d e ) , and e x t e r i o r s k i r t s t o reduce p e d e s t a l hazards . The p a r c o l l s a r e Canadian-made Jamesway h u t s , 16 ' x 20 ' . AIDJEX h a s two i n s t o r a g e a t NARL, and PCSP w i l l p r o v i d e s i x more. These s h e l t e r s do n o t have e x t e r i o r s k i r t s , b u t p e d e s t a l i n g i n t h e summer can be reduced by s t o r i n g s h i p p i n g c r a t e s a long t h e w a l l s . NARL w i l l manufacture s k i d s f o r a l l p a r c o l l s t o enab le conven ien t and f a s t r e l o c a t i o n . T e n t s f o r s t o r a g e , s h o p s , and u t i l i t y sheds w i l l c o n s i s t of longhouse t e n t s f u r n i s h e d by PCSP and Hansen w e a t h e r p o r t s f u r n i s h e d by NARL.

Liv ing q u a r t e r s w i l l have double bunks w i t h m a t t r e s s e s and w i l l accommodate up t o s i x pe rsons . T o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s w i l l i n c l u d e honey b u c k e t s , shower, and a h o t w a t e r t ank . I c e b l o c k s w i l l b e accumulated o u t s i d e , and par- t i c i p a n t s a r e r e q u i r e d t o r e p l e n i s h t h e t a n k a s w a t e r i s used. Each s t o v e w i l l c a r r y mel twa te r bucke t s .

Each b u i l d i n g r e q u i r e s approximately one C-130 l o a d of f u e l t o keep i t l i g h t e d and h e a t e d f o r one y e a r . To reduce f u e l c o s t s , p a r t i c i p a n t s w i l l move t o g e t h e r and u s e fewer b u i l d i n g s d u r i n g low occupancy and s h u t down a s many b u i l d i n g s a s p o s s i b l e .

S a t e l l i t e Camps

The s a t e l l i t e camps w i l l have an average p o p u l a t i o n of f o u r p e r s o n s , w i t h peaks of e i g h t f o r s h o r t p e r i o d s . F i v e s h e l t e r s w i l l be needed f o r each s a t e l l i t e camp: one 16x20 p a r c o l l f o r e a t i n g , s o c i a l i z i n g , s l e e p i n g ( f i v e bunks) , and r a d i o t r a n s m i t t i n g ; one NARL plywood b u i l d i n g f o r g e n e r a t o r , workshop, shower, t o i l e t , h o t w a t e r t a n k , beacon, and s t o r a g e ; and t h r e e 12x12 NARL p r e f a b s w i t h v e s t i b u l e s . One 12x12 w i l l house t h e CTD program, w i t h a hydrohole a long t h e w a l l ; one w i l l house t h e c u r r e n t mete r mast and t h e p r o f i l i n g c u t r e n t mete r mast and two hydroholes spaced a s f a r a p a r t

F a c i l i t i e s - B u i l d i n g s

as p o s s i b l e ; and one w i l l house t h e p o s i t i o n i n g equipment, t h e m e t e o r o l o g i c a l program, and shor t - t e rm programs. Double bunks w i l l be i n s t a l l e d i n t h e 12x12 h u t s where p o s s i b l e t o accommodate shor t - t e rm v i s i t o r s . These h u t s w i l l b e assembled i n t h e main camp and l i f t e d by h e l i c o p t e r t o t h e s a t e l l i t e camp sites.

Main Camp

The main camp w i l l have a p o p u l a t i o n of 40-45 dur ing s p r i n g and f a l l 1975, d e c r e a s i n g t o 25 dur ing summer and w i n t e r 1975, and reach ing a lmost 40 a t t h e end of t h e exper iment . (See t h e Occupancy Schedule , Appendix C.) The A l i s t i n g Of t h e main camp b u i l d i n g s and t h e i r use i s g iven i n Tab le 1.

Two 12x16 p r e f a b s w i l l house hydroholes : i n one, a 4x4 h o l e f o r t h e CTD program; i n t h e o t h e r , a 4x4 and a 3x3 h a t c h f o r t h e p r o f i l i n g c u r r e n t mete r mast and t h e c u r r e n t mete r mast . The g e n e r a t o r s and washing f a c i l i - t ies w i l l b e l o c a t e d i n p r e f a b s . The workshops, t r a c t o r ga rage , co ld l a b s , and s t o r a g e w i l l be s e t up i n N A N , plywood s t r u c t u r e s , Hansen w e a t h e r p o r t s , and longhouse t e n t s . PCSP w i l l make s i x longhouse t e n t s a v a i l a b l e , and NARL w i l l p r o v i d e w e a t h e r p o r t s and skid-mounted f l o o r b o a r d s .

TABLE 1. MAIN CAMP BUILDINGS

Quant i ty S i z e and Type Use

5 16x20 p a r c o l l Male s l e e p i n g q u a r t e r s (30 persons ) 2 12x16 p r e f a b Male s l e e p i n g q u a r t e r s (12 persons ) 1 12x16 p r e f a b Female s l e e p i n g q u a r t e r s (2-4 pe rsons ) 1 12x16 p r e f a b Radio, medic, h e l i c o p t e r crew ( 4 pe rsons ) 1 12x16 p r e f a b MFO and SS

1 12x20 p r e f a b Ki tchen , e a t i n g h a l l 2 12x16 p r e f a b Ki tchen , e a t i n g h a l l

1 12x16 p r e f a b Computer, s a l i n i t y a n a l y s i s , d a t a acq. 1 12x16 p r e f a b CTD (one hydrohole) 1 12x16 p r e f a b PCM and CMM (two hydroholes) 1 t e n t Cold hydrohole

1 12x16 p r e f a b Data buoy message c e n t e r 1 12x16 p r e f a b Data buoy i n s t a l l a t i o n , ABR 1 t e n t Buoy s t o r a g e 1 12x16 p r e f a b NavSat, d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n

1 12x16 p r e f a b Meteorology, a c o u s t i c sounder , a i r stress 2 12x16 p r e f a b Remote s e n s i n g 1 12x16 p r e f a b Ocean t i l t , geomagnetism, g r a v i t y 1 12x16 p r e f a b R a d i a t i o n

4 12x15 wea therpor t 3 15x20 wea therpor t G e n e r a t o r s , washroom, t o i l e t , 4 t e n t 1 shower, s t o r a g e , g a r a g e 2' plywood s t r u c t u r e s

F a c i l i t i e s -- Food Medicine

FOOD SERVICE

S a t e l l i t e Camps

The s a t e l l i t e camps w i l l be provided w i t h k i t c h e n a p p l i a n c e s , u t e n s i l s , expendable s u p p l i e s , and food. The p e r s o n n e l w i l l do t h e i r own cooking. The major a p p l i a n c e s i n t e n d e d f o r t h e s a t e l l i t e camps a r e a 21" propane- f i r e d range and oven and a 12 c u . f t . r e f r i g e r a t o r and f r e e z e r . Occupancy a t t h e s e camps w i l l be t y p i c a l l y f o u r pe rsons p e r camp, w i t h b r i e f p e r i o d s of seven o r e i g h t i n each. Food f o r t h e s a t e l l i t e camps w i l l b e r e p l e n i s h e d from t h e main camp supp ly on scheduled h e l i c o p t e r and Twin O t t e r f l i g h t s .

Main Camp

The main camp w i l l have k i t c h e n and e a t i n g f a c i l i t i e s , o p e r a t e d by NARL through a c o n t r a c t w i t h NSF. The f a c i l i t y w i l l accommodate 25-50 p e r s o n s and s e r v e t h r e e meals a day. NARL w i l l p r o v i d e t h e food, which w i l l be flown t o t h e camp, u s u a l l y on t h e weekly R4D f l i g h t s .

I n a l l camps, e s s e n t i a l food i t ems t o l a s t two-three months w i l l b e s tock- p i l e d i n l a te s p r i n g b e f o r e t h e summer m e l t season and impaired f l y i n g c o n d i t i o n s develop. During t h e summer, f r e s h s u p p l i e s w i l l b e flown i.n i f f l y i n g c o n d i t i o n s p e r m i t .

MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

For t h e d u r a t i o n of t h e main exper iment , one p h y s i c i a n o r medic w i l l b e ass igned t o t h e main camp t o h a n d l e r o u t i n e medica l needs and t o p r o v i d e emergency c a r e i n t h e e v e n t of s e r i o u s i n j u r y .

Medical c a s e s r e q u i r i n g e x p e r t t r e a t m e n t o r h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n w i l l b e f lown t o Barrow o r I n u v i k . A f ixed-wing a i r c r a f t w i l l b e a b l e t o perform medi- c a l e v a c u a t i o n s most of t h e y e a r . During t h e summer months, when fixed-wing a i r c r a f t may be unab le t o l a n d on t h e i c e , t h e h e l i c o p t e r based a t t h e main camp w i l l have t h e range t o e v a c u a t e s e r i o u s medica l c a s e s i f t h e wea ther p e r m i t s .

Before going on t h e i c e , t h e camp p h y s i c i a n o r medic w i l l v i s i t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Alaska h e a d q u a r t e r s f o r WARMP t o e s t a b l i s h c o n t a c t s and b e b r i e f e d on t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s . (WARMP i s a medica l a d v i s o r y body t h a t a s s i s t s p h y s i c i a n s i n remote a r e a s by r a d i o . ) He w i l l a l s o f a m i l i a r i z e

F a c i l i t i e s - Medical , E l e c t r i c a l , Fue l s

h imself w i t h t h e Barrow h o s p i t a l . While a t t h e main camp, t h e d o c t o r w i l l conduct a r c t i c s u r v i v a l t r a i n i n g c l a s s e s , w i t h a u d i o v i s u a l m a t e r i a l s and outdoor s e s s i o n s .

The AIDJEX p h y s i c i a n w i l l s c r e e n t h e medica l exams r e q u i r e d by AIDJEX and NARL. For a d i s c u s s i o n of t h e s e exams, r e f e r t o t h e p r o c e d u r e s s e c t i o n and Appendix D.

ELECTRICAL POWER

NARL e l e c t r i c i a n s w i l l w i r e t h e camps s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e y a r e deployed. The t o t a l peak power i n t h e main camp h a s been e s t i m a t e d t o be i n e x c e s s of 50 k i l o w a t t s . A 40 kw g e n e r a t o r i s expec ted t o meet t h e demand. The main camp w i l l have two 40 kw d i e s e l u n i t s , two 6 kw d i e s e l u n i t s , and two 2-3 kw g a s o l i n e u n i t s .

The t o t a l power requirement i n each s a t e l l i t e camp has been e s t i m a t e d t o b e 15 k i l o w a t t s . A 12 kw g e n e r a t o r i s expec ted t o meet t h i s r equ i rement . Each s a t e l l i t e camp w i l l have one 1 2 kw d i e s e l u n i t , one 7 kw d i e s e l u n i t , and one 2-3 kw g a s o l i n e u n i t .

FUELS

Fue l t o s u p p o r t t h e main experiment w i l l be f lown t o t h e i c e i n phases t o minimize l o s s e s and h a n d l i n g shou ld an i c e breakup o c c u r , a s w e l l a s t o reduce t h e number of drums and c o n t a i n e r s needed. Empty drums, b l a d d e r s , and propane b o t t l e s w i l l be r e t u r n e d r e g u l a r l y t o NARL on a s p a c e - a v a i l a b l e b a s i s and r e f i l l e d f o r deployment d u r i n g a subsequent a i r l i f t .

The h e l i c o p t e r u s e s JP4, which i s a v a i l a b l e , i n 55-gal lon drums. JP5 f o r t h e Twin O t t e r and d i e s e l f u e l f o r t h e g e n e r a t o r s , s t o v e s , and t r a c t o r w i l l b e s t o r e d p a r t l y i n b l a d d e r s and p a r t l y i n drums. Mogas, l u b r i c a t i o n o i l , and misce l l aneous f u e l s w i l l be s t o r e d i n drums; propane w i l l be pro- v ided i n b o t t l e s . F i f t y 500-gallon f u e l b l a d d e r s w i t h f o u r p u m p i n g l f i l t e r u n i t s and towing yokes w i l l be r e q u i r e d from NARL.

Fue l u n i f o r m i t y i s advantageous. Wherever p o s s i b l e , JP5 w i l l b e s u b s t i - t u t e d f o r d i e s e l f u e l .

The f u e l requirements f o r t h e d u r a t i o n of t h e experiment a r e based on a n t i c i p a t e d camp s i z e , e l e c t r i c power needs , and f l i g h t s u p p o r t ; t h e y a r e i n c l u d e d a s Appendix A. The f u e l d e l i v e r y s c h e d u l e i s g iven i n Appendix B.

F a c i l i t i e s - Vehic les Occupancy

SURFACE VEHICLES

A wide- t rack D-4 t r a c t o r ( o r e q u i v a l e n t ) equipped w i t h winch, b l a d e , and r ipp.er w i l l m a i n t a i n t h e runway a t t h e main camp. It w i l l b e s h e l t e r e d i n a Hansen w e a t h e r p o r t and b e o p e r a t e d on ly by d e s i g n a t e d p e r s o n n e l . Three

snow v e h i c l e s w i t h s l e d s w i l l b e used i n t h e main camp t o move drums and ca rgo around t h e camp and f o r f i e l d t r i p s i n t h e i m e d i a t e camp a r e a . A l l

v e h i c l e s w i l l have an adequa te supp ly of s p a r e p a r t s .

F i b e r g l a s s d i n g h i e s , 10-12 f e e t l o n g , w i l l be used t o t r a v e r s e l e a d s and b i g puddles . Two b o a t s w i l l be a v a i l a b l e i n t h e main camp and one b o a t i n each s a t e l l i t e camp.

I f p o s s i b l e , t h e f i r s t C-130 f l i g h t w i l l c a r r y a Weasel ( o r e q u i v a l e n t ) t o h a u l t h e p a l l e t i z e d p r e f a b s from t h e a i r c r a f t t o t h e assembly s i t e s . It i s

planned t o keep t h e v e h i c l e a t t h e main camp throughout t h e exper iment .

CAMP OCCUPANCY

The a n t i c i p a t e d occupancy of t h e f o u r manned camps i s shown i n Appendix C . Crews w i l l b e r o t a t e d e v e r y t h r e e o r f o u r months, w i t h a one-week o v e r l a p of key p e r s o n n e l . Every e f f o r t h a s been made t o s p r e a d s h o r t - t e r m p r o j e c t s s o t h a t t h e occupancy l e v e l can be k e p t even and optimum u s e made of t h e camp f a c i l i t i e s .

The occupancy c h a r t shows crew r o t a t i o n and t h e deployment of a few shor t - t e rm programs d u r i n g t h e summer season . I t must be unders tood t h a t t h e s c h e d u l i n g of t h e s e e v e n t s i s on ly t e n t a t i v e . Condi t ions a t t h a t t i m e w i l l d i c t a t e whether t r a v e l t o and from t h e mainland i s f e a s i b l e o r n o t . Replacing t h e MFO and t h e SS w i l l have top p r i o r i t y .

F a c i l i t i e s - F l y i n g Support

FLYING SUPPORT

The f i e l d program w i l l be suppor ted by t h e fo l lowing t y p e s of a i r c r a f t : C-130 H e r c u l e s , R4D, Twin O t t e r , B e l l 205 h e l i c o p t e r , and Cessna 180,

The heavy a i r l i f t w i l l be accomplished by C-130 Hercu les a i r c r a f t . The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r s e c u r i n g t h e r e q u i r e d C-130 s u p p o r t l ies w i t h ONR. C-130 s u p p o r t i s a n t i c i p a t e d i n f i v e phases :

Phase 1: February-March 1975 (800,000 l b . ) , deployment. Phase 2: April-May 1975 (600,000 l b . ) , summer s t o c k p i l i n g . Phase 3:. September-October 1975 (600,000 l b .) , w i n t e r s t o c k p i l i n g . Phase 4: February 1976 (230,000 l b . ) , s p r i n g s t o c k p i l i n g . Phase 5: A p r i l 1976 (400,000 l b .) , evacua t ion .

The pr imary s t a g i n g b a s e f o r t h e C-130 a i r l i f t w i l l be NARL. There w i l l p o s s i b l y be t h r e e f l i g h t s o u t of Tuktoyaktuk d u r i n g phase 1 t o deploy t h e Canadian camp equipment and two f l i g h t s a t t h e end of t h e exper iment t o r e t u r n Canadian g e a r t o Tuktoyaktuk.

The NARL R4Ds w i l l s u p p o r t t h e i n i t i a l deployment and w i l l f l y s u p p l i e s , s p a r e s , m a i l , food, and crew t o t h e main camp on a r o u t i n e b a s i s , pe rhaps once every two weeks. During t h e summer i f a runway is imposs ib le t o m a i n t a i n , a i r d r o p s of s m a l l e r o r v i t a l i t e m s w i l l be a t t empted . I n s p r i n g 1976 t h e R4D's u t i l i z a t i o n r a t e w i l l i n c r e a s e w i t h t h e e v a c u a t i o n . Other NARL a i r c r a f t a r e a v a i l a b l e and w i l l be used i f r e q u i r e d . The ski-equipped Twin O t t e r 300 w i t h a VLF n a v i g a t i o n system provided by PCSP w i l l be used i n t h e s e a r c h f o r a s u i t a b l e camp s i t e and i n t h e i n i t i a l deployment of t h e main camp. Once t h e camp i s i n f u l l o p e r a t i o n , t h e a i r c r a f t w i l l be based a t t h e main camp. I ts primary m i s s i o n on t h e i c e is t o suppor t t h e s c i e n t i f i c programs, mainly t h e d a t a buoy program, and t h e deployment o f s a t e l l i t e camps. The Twin Otter w i l l remain on t h e i c e u n t i l t h e summer mel t makes fixed-wing o p e r a t i o n imposs ib le . It w i l l r e t u r n i n t h e f a l l p r i m a r i l y t o h e l p resupp ly t h e s a t e l l i t e camps and t o s u p p o r t t h e d a t a buoy experiment. I t w i l l l e a v e t h e i c e a g a i n d u r i n g t h e w i n t e r months and r e t u r n i n February f o r t h e r e s t of t h e exper iment . Cont rac t arrangements f o r t h e Twin O t t e r a r e p r e s e n t l y scheduled t o be made by PCSP, and t h e c o s t of t h e c o n t r a c t is t o b e shared by PCSP and AIDJEXINSF. (Es t imated f l i g h t s c h e d u l e is inc luded a s Appendix B . )

One B e l l 205 h e l i c o p t e r , cons idered t o b e t h e most c o s t - e f f e c t i v e a i r c r a f t f o r t h e exper iment , w i l l b e based a t t h e main camp f o r t h e d u r a t i o n of t h e exper iment . Once t h e main camp i s e s t a b l i s h e d , t h e h e l i c o p t e r w i l l f l y t o t h e i c e w i t h t h e Twin O t t e r o r t h e R4D f l y i n g cover . Except f o r mechanical f a i l u r e s , a newly overhauled h e l i c o p t e r can remain on t h e i c e f o r a p e r i o d o r a number of h o u r s t h a t exceed our requ i rements . P e r i o d i c maintenance w i l l b e made on s i t e . The h e l i c o p t e r w i l l b e i n s k i d - f l o a t c o n f i g u r a t i o n . Assor ted hardware and w i r i n g w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d t o accommodate an i n e r t i a l o r VLF n a v i g a t i o n system i f one i s a v a i l a b l e .

F a c i l i t i e s - F l y i n g Support

The AIDJEX h e l i c o p t e r ' s main f u n c t i o n on t h e i c e w i l l b e t o s u p p o r t s c i e n - t i f i c programs such a s remote s e n s i n g , se ismology, and a i r stress. I n a d d i t i o n , i t w i l l p r o v i d e l o g i s t i c s s u p p o r t i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e main camp and i n t h e s a t e l l i t e camps ( s e e Appendix B ) . The h e l i c o p t e r w i l l b e on t h e i c e throughout t h e summer, mainly t o h a n d l e emergencies . Weather c o n d i t i o n s t h e n a r e l i k e l y t o cause a i r c r a f t i c i n g . S i n c e t h e h e l i c o p t e r h a s no de- ic ing equipment, f l y i n g m i s s i o n s w i l l be l i m i t e d t o t h e fo l lowing :

1. F l i g h t s i n t h e main camp a r e a i n s u p p o r t o f s c i e n c e and o t h e r requ i rements .

2. F l i g h t s between main and s a t e l l i t e camps, p rov ided t h a t s u i t a b l e weather e x i s t s a t b o t h ends and t h a t cont inuous i n - f l i g h t r a d i o c o n t a c t cam b e main ta ined .

3 . I f p o s s i b l e , a t l e a s t one summer f l i g h t t o Barrow t o exchange p e r s o n n e l . Th i s f l i g h t may be conducted w i t h a combinat ion of a i r - c r a f t : h e l i c o p t e r t o t h e southernmost s a t e l l i t e camp, t o rendezvous w i t h a f loa t -equ ipped fixed-wing a i r c r a f t from Barrow. P r i o r wea ther wea ther reconna i ssance by mul t i - eng ine a i r c r a f t w i l l be r e q u i r e d . Arrangements f o r a p e r s o n n e l exchange f l i g h t w i l l b e made i n t h e f i e l d when f l y i n g c o n d i t i o n s and o t h e r c i rcumstances a r e b e t t e r known.

Except i n an emergency i n v o l v i n g human l i f e , t h e h e l i c o p t e r w i l l n o t f l y beyond t h e s a t e l l i t e camps d u r i n g t h e summer m e l t season .

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A : L O G I S T I C S SUPPORT

APPENDIX B: A I R SUPPORT

APPENDIX C: OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE

APPENDIX D: MEDICAL EXAMINATION

P I C T D R I A L APPEI;IDIX

APPENDIX A

LOGISTICS SUPPORT

L o g i s t i c s s u p p o r t f o r t h e main exper iment is provided by ONR through NARL, by NSF through AIDJEX, and by PCSP. The major s u p p o r t i s i t e m i z e d below by agency.

SUPPORT BY ONR/NARL

Bui ld ings

17 12x16 p r e f a b s f o r main camp, 1 w i t h two hydroholes , 1 w i t h one hydrohole . 9 12x12 p r e f a b s f o r s a t e l l i t e camps, 3 w i t h two hydroholes , 3 w i t h one

hydrohole . 1 12x20 p r e f a b f o r main camp. 5 plywood s t r u c t u r e s f o r g e n e r a t o r s . 8 sets of s k i d s f o r 16x20 p a r c o l l s . 7 w e a t h e r p o r t s w i t h s k i d s and f l o o r , covers and p a r t s .

Bu i ld ings w i l l b e equipped w i t h e l e c t r i c w i r i n g , e l e c t r i c c o n n e c t o r s , o i l s t o v e , f i r e e x t i n g u i s h e r , v e s t i b u l e , s k i r t s , and hydrohole h a t c h e s i f needed. Lumber and plywood w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e t o b u i l d s h e l v e s , e t c .

E l e c t r i c i t y

2 40 kw d i e s e l g e n e r a t o r s 2 2 o r 3 kw Mogas g e n e r a t o r s f o r main camp. 3 1 2 kw d i e s e l g e n e r a t o r 1 19 kw d i e s e l g e n e r a t o r f o r satellite camps. 3 2 o r 3 kw Mogas g e n e r a t o r

E l e c t r i c w i r e f o r w i r i n g camps. Battery-pwered runway l i g h t s .

Nav iga t ion and Communication

2 HF SSB t r a n s c e i v e r s on 4625, 3411, 5167.5, and 8975 kHz. 4. VHF t r a n s c e i v e r s on 118-136 mHz. 5 ADF i n s t a l l a t i o n s . 4 HF SSB KWM 11--A.

Appendix A

Food

Food f o r 18,000-20,000 man days .

Vehic les

1 t r a c t o r , D4 C a t e r p i l l a r o r e q u i v a l e n t , h y d r a u l i c , w i t h b l a d e o r b u c k e t , winch, r i p p e r , wide t r a c k s , f o r k s , and two s l e d s .

3 snow s c o o t e r s w i t h s l e d s , 5 b o a t s , 1 2 f e e t maximum l e n g t h , t h r e e w i t h motors . 1 t r a c k v e h i c l e w i t h s l e d .

1 5 banana s l e d s , Nansen s l e d s , o r NARL-built s l e d s .

Ki tchen Equipment

(main camp)

1 gas g r i l l on s t a n d , Wolf STG-24 (335 l b . , 2 x 2 ~ 3 ) . 1 b a k e r ' s t a b l e , l amina ted w i t h d e t a c h a b l e l e g s (250 l b . , 2 ~ 2 . 6 ~ 8 ) . 1 propane range , 30" ( S e a r s Roebuck). 1 r e f r i g e r a t o r , 2 1 c u . f t . (Sears Roebuck). 1 h o t food c a b i n e t , Cres-Cor 130 s e r i e s o r e q u i v a l e n t . 1 h o t food t a b l e , d r y t y p e , g a s hea ted . 1 mixer , Hobart A-200, complete w i t h a t t achments . 1 model-T jet s p r a y , double . 1 Bunn-A-Matic c o f f e e maker. 1 75-cup c o f f e e p e r c o l a t o r . 2 20 c u . f t . u p r i g h t f r e e z e r s . 1 3-compartment s i n k w i t h immersion h e a t e r , 1 deep f a t f r y e r , 25 l b , c a p a c i t y , bench model. 2 t o a s t e r s ,

( s a t e l l i t e camps)

3 propane ranges , 21" 3 r e f r i g e r a t o r l f r e e z e r , 12 c u . f t . 3 t o a s t e r s

C l o t h i n n

40 s u r v i v a l bags (Stephenson) . 75 bags f o r d a i l y use . 75 parkas and wind p a n t s . 75 p a i r s of rubber b o o t s , shoepacs , waders , s p a r e l i n e r s , and m i t t e n s .

(ONRINARL Suppor t , con t inued) Appendix A

Labor and S u b s i s t e n c e

S u b s i s t e n c e a t NARL f o r r e s i d e n t and t r a n s i e n t AIDJEX p e r s o n n e l . C a r p e n t e r s , e l e c t r i c i a n s , r a d i o t e c h n i c i a n , s t e v e d o r e s , camp manager, and t r a c t o r o p e r a t o r and mechanic on t h e i c e d u r i n g deployment and f o r equipment r e p a i r when needed.

F u e l

(on i c e )

D i e s e l : g e n e r a t o r s . , . . , . . . . . . D i e s e l : t r a c t o r . . . . . . . D i e s e l : s t o v e s

Mogas: g e n e r a t o r , . . . . . . s c o o t e r , auger

L u b r i c a t i o n o i l : . . . . g e n e r a t o r , t r a c t o r A n t i f r e e z e , Blazo : t r a c . t o r . JP4: h e l i c o p t e r . . . . . . JP5: T w i n o t t e r . . . . . . Propane: k i t c h e n . . . . . . Helium: meteorology program

1150 drum e q u i v a l e n t 100 drum e q u i v a l e n t

1200 drum e q u i v a l e n t

100 drum e q u i v a l e n t

1 5 drum e q u i v a l e n t 1 5 drum e q u i v a l e n t

1000 drum e q u i v a l e n t 1100 drum e q u i v a l e n t

250 b o t t l e s 30 b o t t l e s

( i n Barrow) JP5: C-130 . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,000 g a l l o n s JP5: Twin O t t e r . . . . . . . . . 10,000 g a l l o n s

. . . . . . . . . JP4 : h e l i c o p t e r 50 drums . . . . . . . . . . . . Avgas: R4D 1,000 drum e q u i v a l e n t

F u e l Bladders

AIDJEX w i l l need a t l e a s t f i f t y 500-gallon f u e l b l a d d e r s w i t h f o u r p u m p / f i l t e r u n i t s and towing yokes f o r f u e l t r a n s f e r and s t o r a g e on t h e i c e .

Flying Support

A t p r e s e n t t h e heavy a i r l i f t s u p p o r t r e q u i r e d of t h e C-130 i s e s t i m a t e d t o b e 85 f l i g h t s a t 30,000 pounds each f o r an average d i s t a n c e of 400 m i l e s . Some of t h e s e f l i g h t s may be s t a g e d o u t of Tuktoyaktuk, where t h e PCSP p a r c o l l s , g e n e r a t o r s , f u e l , e t c , , a r e l o c a t e d . Three f l i g h t s o u t of Tuktoyak- t u k a t 9,000 pounds each w i l l be r e q u i r e d . C-130 s u p p o r t shou ld b e s t a g e d i n f i v e phases :

1. Deployment i n March 1975: 27 f l i g h t s x 30,000 l b . 2. Summer supp ly i n April/May 1975: 22 f l i g h t s x 30,000 l b . 3 . Winter supp ly i n S e p t . / O c t . 1975: 22 f l i g h t s x 30,000 l b . 4. Spr ing supp ly i n February 1976: 6 f l i g h t s x 30,000 l b . 5. Evacuat ion i n A p r i l 1976: 8 f l i g h t s x 30,000 l b .

Appendix A (ONRINARL Suppor t , con t inued ; NSFIAIDJEX Support )

The R4Ds w i l l b e needed f o r s t a g i n g , weekly supp ly f l i g h t s , emergencies o r c o n t i n g e n c i e s , and e v a c u a t i o n . A t o t a l of 75 f l i g h t s i s t h e e s t i m a t e d requ i rement .

Misce l l aneous

O f f i c e s p a c e w i t h phone a t NARL f o r t h e BMFO. Pumps, h o s e s , d r a g , and c h a i n s f o r runway r e p a i r , T o i l e t s , 5 shower s t a l l s w i t h pump and tub ing . Hot-water v a t s and t a n k s f o r a l l camps. Blowtorches , gas and e l e c t r i c we ld ing equipment. Herman Nelson h e a t e r s (5) . Heat exchangers f o r g e n e r a t o r exhaus t system. Outdoor announcement speaker sys tem f o r one b u i l d i n g i n main camp. Laundry d r y e r and garbage compactor f o r main camp. Immersion h e a t e r s , 1 kw (20) F ive-ga l lon p a i l s , s h o v e l s , p i c k s . APL hot-water d r i l l . P lugs f o r empty propane b o t t l e s . Wobble pumps, come-along winches. F i rea rms . F i r s t - a i d k i t s . Emergency oxygen pack w i t h mask and f low-con t ro l v a l v e , F l a r e p o t s ,

SUPPORT BY NSFIAIDJEX

Personne l : Camp p h y s i c i a n and medic, k i t c h e n p e r s o n n e l , f i e l d managers, and r a d i o o p e r a t o r .

F l i g h t Support : Fu l l - t ime h e l i c o p t e r on t h e i c e . With PCSP, t h e c o s t of t h e Twin O t t e r s u p p o r t .

Communications: Battery-powered ADF beacons , w a l k i e - t a l k i e s , two HF -- SSB r a d i o s .

S u r v i v a l Equipment: A i r c r a f t s u r v i v a l k i t s , exposure s u i t s .

Misce l l aneous : P a r c o l l s , t e n t s , snow thrower , t o o l s , s t r o b e l i g h t s , a u g e r s , powerheads, e n t e r t a i n m e n t movies.

(PCSP Support ) Appendix A

SUPPORT BY PCSP

Personne l - Four man-years of s u p p o r t f u n c t i o n s , t e n t a t i v e l y compris ing one

oceanographer , one mechanic, one r a d i o o p e r a t o r , and one f i e l d s u p p o r t pe rson .

S e r v i c e s by Frank Hunt.

F l i g h t Support

A Twin O t t e r under c o n t r a c t w i t h PCSP and equipped a s r e q u i r e d w i l l be a v a i l a b l e t o AIDJEX. PCSP w i l l cover a major p a r t of t h e o p e r a t i o n a l c o s t of t h e a i r c r a f t .

A h e l i c o p t e r i n s u p p o r t of t h e geology program.

Communications

VLF n a v i g a t i o n system f o r t h e Twin O t t e r . Four CH-25 and two SBX-11 r a d i o s . ADF beacons . NOAA-11 VHRR r e c e i v e r a t Tuktoyaktuk. Decca coverage d u r i n g i n i t i a l phase of t h e exper iment .

Miscel laneous

Support a t Tuktoyaktuk, Sachs Harbour, and Mould Bay a s r e q u i r e d . Ki tchen u t e n s i l s f o r s a t e l l i t e camps. F ive d i e s e l g e n e r a t o r s , 5-7 kw. S i x longhouse t e n t s and s i x p a r c o l l s w i t h s t o v e s and p i p e s . Bunkbeds ( 6 0 ) , m a t t r e s s e s ( 6 0 ) , c h a i r s (60) , t a b l e s (30) , a s needed. P e r s o n a l co ld wea ther g e a r f o r Canadian p a r t i c i p a n t s . Pu lkas (12) and Nansen s l e d s ( 3 ) . Antenna p o l e s .

APPENDIX B

A I R SUPPORT

C-130 FLYING

D i e s e l F u e l

Main camp: 40 kw g e n e r a t o r 3 g a l / h r average x 9500 h r = 28,500 g a l o r . . . . . 520 d r (28,500 g a l )

S a t e l l i t e camp: 1 2 kw g e n e r a t o r (one p e r camp) 3 x 1 . 2 g a l / h r average x 9500 h r = 34,000 g a l o r . . 620 d r (34,000 g a l )

T r a c t o r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l O O d r Hea t ing :

32 b ldg x 1 d r / b l d g / l l days x 390 days = . . . . . 1200 d r (66,000 g a l )

Mogas

. . . . . . . . . . Genera to r , snow s c o o t e r , powerhead 100 d r (5 ,500 g a l )

Lube O i l ( g e n e r a t o r . t r a c t o r )

40 kw @ 1 3 q t / 4 d y , 1 2 kw @ 6 q t / 4 dy . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 q t x 100 changes = 800 g a l o r 1 5 d r (825 g a l )

. . . . . . . Misc . - -an t i f reeze , Blazo, two-s t roke o i l 1 2 d r (660 g a l )

JP4 ( h e l i c o p t e r )

. . . . . . . . 550 h r @ 100 g a l / h r = 56,000 g a l o r 1000 d r (55,000 g a l )

JP5 (Twin O t t e r )

. . . . . . . . . . 725 h r @ 84 g a l / h r = 61,000 g a l 1100 d r (60,500 g a l )

DRTJMIGALLON TOTAL 4667 d r (250,985 g a l )

Propane ( k i t c h e n )

. . . . . . 40 l b / d y x 400 dy x 105 l b / b t l = 150 b t l 150 b t l . . . . . . . . . . . . . S a t e l l i t e camps: 100 b t l 100 b t l

PROPANE TOTAL 250 b t l

Appendix B

FUEL DELIVERY SCHEDULE

Diese l , main camp 20 b ladders , genera tor 520 d r 110 d r 145 d r 145 d r 120 d r r e s t drums

Diese l , s a t e l l i t e camp gene ra to r s 630 d r 140 d r 175 d r 175 d r 140 d r drums

Diese l , main camp s toves 750 d r 160 d r 210 d r 210 d r 170 d r drums

Diese l , s a t e l l i t e camp s toves 450 d r 100 d r 125 d r 125 d r 100 d r drums

JP5, Twin O t t e r 1100 d r 400 d r 400 d r 300 d r - 30 b l adde r s , rest drums

JP4, Hel icopter 1000 d r 300 d r 300 d r 200 d r 200 d r a l l drums

Mogas 100 d r 25 d r 25 d r 25 d r 25 d r a l l drums

Trac to r d i e s e l 1 0 0 d r 7 5 d r - 25 d r - a l l ,drums

Lubr i ca t i on o i l 15 d r 10 d r - 5 d r - a l l drums

Misc.--antifreeze, Blazo, 2-stroke 12 d r 6 d r - 6 d r - a l l drums

Propane 250 b t l 150 b t l - 1 0 0 b t l - a l l b o t t l e s (170 l b )

AIDJEX w i l l need a t l e a s t f i f t y 500-gallon f u e l b ladders wi th four pumping/ f i l t e r u n i t s and towing yokes.

C-130 FLYING (cont . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4735 d r f u e l @ 75 d r l f l i g h t 63 f l i g h t s

. . . . . . Buildings: 37 s t r u c t u r e s @ 4000 l b = 150,000 l b 7 f l i g h t s Generators : 10,000 l b . . . . . . . . . } 1 f l i g h t T r a c t o r , snow s c o o t e r s , s l e d s : 20,000 l b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S c i e n t i f i c gear : 120 ,0001b 4 f l i g h t s Support gear : . . . . . . . Kitchen, communication, nav iga t ion , u t i l i t y 2 f l i g h t s

Beds, ma t t r e s se s , boa t s Evacuation:

Tents , doors , windows

I Generators 8 f l i g h t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trac to r , snow s c o o t e r , s l e d s Support gear S c i e n t i f i c gear

TOTAL 85 f l i g h t s

Appendix B

TENTATIVE C-130 SCHEDULE

Deployment; March 1975, 400 mi l e s Fuel f o r March-May = 63 f l i g h t s x 3/14 = , , , . , . , . , . . 1 3 f l i g h t s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Science p lu s support equipment 14 f l i g h t s

SUBTOTAL 27 f l i g h t s

Resupply: May 1975, 300 mi les . . . . . . . . . Fuel f o r June-October = 63 f l i g h t s x 5/14 = 22 f l i g h t s

Resupply: October 1975, 300 mi les . . . . . . . . Fuel f o r November-March = 63 f l i g h t s x 5/14 = 22 f l i g h t s

Resupply: February 1976, 400 miles . . . . . . . . Remainder of f u e l = 63 f l i g h t s - 57 f l i g h t s = 6 f l i g h t s

Evacuation: A p r i l 1976, 400 mi les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 f l i g h t s 8 f l i g h t s

TWIN OTTER FLIGHT HOURS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T h r e e r e t u r n f e r r y f l i g h t s 3 0 h r . . . . . . . . . . . Search f o r main camp, 4 days, NARL-ice-NARL 32 hr

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deployment of main camp, 6 f l i g h t s 50 h r Deployment of s a t e l l i t e camps:

i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 f l t / camp x 3 camp x 2 h r / f l t 60 h r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data buoy f l y i n g , A I D J E X p l u s PRL 500 hr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weber, ocean t i l t 10 hr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Banke, a i r stress 1 0 hr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Berry, se i smic an iso t ropy 6 h r

Remotesensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 h r Evacuation of s a t e l l i t e camps, 5 f l t / camp x 3 camp x 2 h r / f l t . . 30 h r

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evacuation of main camp, 2 f l i g h t s 20 h r . . . . . . . . . . . Emergencies, redeployment, cont ingenc ies 170 hr

HELICOPTER FLIGHT HOURS (AIDJEX-supported B e l l 205)

Pos i t i on ing from NARL t o main camp and r e t u r n . . . . . . . . . . 8 hr S a t e l l i t e camp suppor t , each (3) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camp deployment 10 f l i g h t s

Fuel f o r gene ra to r s , 1 0 kw, 4 dr/wk . . . . . Fuel f o r hea t ing , 4 dr/wk 1 85 f l i g h t s

Propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F o o d , m a ' i l , m i s c . 5 f l i p h t s

100 f l i g h t s

100 f l t /camp x 1.5 h r / f l t x 3 camps . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 h r

Appendix B

HELICOPTER nIGHT HOURS (cont . ) Science suppor t , remote sens ing , . . r , , . . , 21 h r . . . . . . . . . . . Science suppor t , Po l a r Research Laboratory 10 h r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Science suppor t , seismology 12 h r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Science suppor t , a i r stress 3 h r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Three summer runs t o NAN, 24 h r Contingency (camp, redeploy , medical , r e l o c a t i o n , e t c . ) . . . . 50 h r

APPENDIX C

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE

A I D J E X 1975/76

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APPENDIX D

MEDICAL EXAMINATION

FROM : AIDJEX Off i c e

TO : Examining Physician

SUBJECT: Medical Evaluat ion of Candidates f o r AIDJEX P r o j e c t

ENCL : SF 88, Report of Phys i ca l Examination (2 copies ) SF 93, Report of Medical His tory (2 copies )

(1) Reason f o r t h i s examination: i s preparing f o r a t r i p t o t h e a r c t i c pack i c e , one of the most r igorous p l aces on e a r t h . One must be capable of being phys i ca l ly a c t i v e wi th t h i r t y pounds of cold weather gear a t temperatures of -50°F, and poss ib ly even i n s u r v i v a l s i t u a t i o n s . Meals may be i r r e g u l a r , and i t is common t o go without s l e e p f o r prolonged periods. Such s t r e s s f u l environmental condi t ions , p o t e n t i a l hazards, and extreme remoteness from major medical f a c i l i t i e s make t h i s a r c t i c screening mandatory t o i n su re freedom from any d i s a b i l i t y which might imper i l h e a l t h , r e s t r i c t a c t i v i t i e s , o r c r e a t e a burden f o r one 's a s s o c i a t e s .

(2) Phys ica l Examination: It is requested t h a t a thorough phys i ca l examination be performed and t h a t t he r e s u l t s be recorded on the "Report of Medical Examination," (SF 88) . Items 60 through 72 may be omit ted.

A. The fol lowing labora tory examinations a r e requi red : 1. Complete u r i n a l y s i s 2. Complete blood count 3 . Blood type and Rh f a c t o r 4. Serology 5. Chest x-ray (14 x 17 inch)

B. Poss ib ly requi red labora tory s t u d i e s : 1. Electrocardiogram: One copy must be submitted f o r persons

over t h e age of f o r t y o r wi th complaints r e f e r a b l e t o the card iovascular system.

2. Serum c h o l e s t e r o l : (For persons over f o r t y . ) 3 . Glucose to l e rance t e s t : (For persons wi th a family h i s o t r y of

d i a b e t e s me l l i t u s . )

C. Item /I44 (Dental Examination) must be completed by a d e n t i s t . Correct ion of any but i n s i g n i f i c a n t d e n t a l problems i s mandatory.

(3) Medical History: One of t he most important p a r t s of t h i s eva lua t ion is the review of medical h i s t o r y . I t is impossible t o determine a cand ida t e ' s q u a l i f i c a t i o n without complete explanat ion by the phys ic ian of a l l aff i rma- t i v e responses on t h e h i s t o r y .

Appendix D

For example, "Yes" f o r f requent i nd iges t ion . . . Phys ic ian ' s s ta tement: "Epigas t r ic discomfort and e r u c t a t i o n a s soc i a t ed

wi th e a t i n g cabbage," o r "Epigas t r ic pain d a i l y f o r t he p a s t s i x months, a s soc i a t ed wi th melena; U G I r e v e a l s 1 cm duodenal u l c e r c r a t e r . ' I

I n o the r words, enough information must be conveyed t o determine the s i g n i f i - cance of a complaint. I f t h i s is n o t p o s s i b l e with c a r e f u l h i s t o r y , f u r t h e r eva lua t ion must be conducted, such a s s p e c i a l t y consu l t a t i on , U G I , IVP, o r t he l i k e .

I (4) Your a t t e n t i o n i s d i r e c t e d t o t h e fol lowing problem a r e a s :

Endocrine: Thyroid d i s o r d e r s , d i abe t e s Cardiovascular: Evidence of d i s turbance of ca rd i ac func t ion , such a s

coronary a r t e r y d i s e a s e , arrythmias , va lvu la r d i sease , hyper t ens ion (with any i n d i c a t i o n of e leva ted BP, t h r e e days of BP's should be recorded on the SF 88).

Skin: Any condi t ion which tends t o compromise cutaneous c i r c u l a t i o n , such a s co l lagen vascu la r d i s o r d e r s , ex tens ive s c a r r i n g , p l a s t i c surgery , symptomatic va r i cose v e i n s ; any chronic dermatoses, p a r t i c u l a r l y i f exacerbated by a cold o r dry c l imate .

Respiratory: Evidence of compromised pulmonary func t ion , chronic b r o n c h i t i s , emphysema, asthma , lung tumor.

Orthopedic: Recurrent back s t r a i n , evidence o r h i s t o r y of hern ia ted d i s c , r ecu r ren t knee o r ankle problems (extremely d i f f i c u l t t o manage on the i c e ) . Orthopedic consu l t a t i on may be h e l p f u l i n dec id ing bo rde r l i ne cases .

Genito-urinary: His tory of r e n a l c a l c u l i o r chronic i n fec t ion . G a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l : Unrepaired h e r n i a s , p e p t i c d i sease , chronic l i v e r

d i s e a s e , r ecen t h e p a t i t i s , p a n c r e a t i t i s , c o l i t i s . Neuro-psychiatric: P s y c h i a t r i c i n s t a b i l i t y , hypoesthesias , convulsions,

s u i c i d a l tendencies. General: Any condi t ion r equ i r ing continued medical c a r e o r medication

must b e f u l l y explained, recognizing the d i f f i c u l t y of fol lowing soph i s t i ca t ed medical problems with l i m i t e d medical f a c i l i t i e s . Your personal opinion and comments w i l l be extremely h e l p f u l i n determining t h e examinee's phys ica l f i t n e s s f o r t he Arc t i c .

(5) One completed "Report of Medical History" (SF 93) and one "Report of Medical Examination" (SF 88) should be a i rmai led t o t he AIDJEX Office.

(6) The phys ic ian i s requested t o inc lude a s ta tement regarding the a b i l i t y of t h e app l i can t t o work under a r c t i c condi t ions .

Appendix D

STANDARD FORM 93 JANUAIIY 1971

Approved

GSA Fl'MI1 101-11.8 Office of Management and Budgct No. 29-R0191

(THIS lfiFORlvlATlDN IS FOR OFFICIAL AHD E RELEASED TO UNAUTHORIZCD PERSONS) . - - . . . . - . . -- -. .. -- - - - - -. . - - - . . . - -. . . - - -- -. - -. . - - -- - - -

1: LAST NAME-FIRST NAME-MIDDLE NAME 2. SOCIAL SECURITY on IDENTIFICATION NO.

3. HOME ADDRESS (No. street o r RTD, city or town, State, and ZIP CODE) 4. POSITION (City, grade, component)

, PURPOSE OF EXAMINATION (Include ZIP Code)

- -- -- --

- .- -. . . - Have vision i n bot i i eyes

Stutter o r stammer habitual ly -. . . -- - - -

Freauent indiaestion Foot trouble

Swollen o r painful joints Stomach, liver, or inlestlnal traubla --

Frequent o r severe headache Paralysis (include infantile) - - - -- - -

Dizziness o r fa in t ing spells Jaundice o r hepatitis Epilepsy or f i ts

t - -- - --

Eye trouble Car, train, sea o r air sickness - - - - -

Far nnsr. or t h m a i trouble or medicine Frequent trouble sleeping . . ~ ~ . - ~ - ~

. - - - -- - -- .- - Broken bones Depression or excessive worry

- -~ Chronic o r frequent colds - . - -

Loss of memory o r amnesia

Severe tooth o r gum trouble Rupture/hernia Nervous trouble of any sort - ..

Sinusitis Piles o r rectal disease -. - - Periods of unconsciousness

Hay Fever Frequent o r painful ur ination -- -- --- - - -

Head Injury Bed wett ing since age 12 - -- . - .. - - - Skin diseases Kidney stone o r blood i n urine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T).\lmir( trnllhla

Recent gain or loss o f weight - Shortness of breath Althritis, Rheumatism. or Bursitis - - -. - - - . --- - - -. . . . . - - - -- - .. -- Pnln or nrcsssurn I n chest Bone, joint or other deformity

13. WHAT IS YOUR USUAL OCCUPATION7

Appendix D

and give detaiis). . - I

17. I iave you ever been denied l i fe insur. ance? (If yes, stale reason and give 1 details.) I

18. Have ybu had, o r have you been advised t o have, any operations? (If yes, describe and give age at whiclt occtlrred.) 1

19. Have you ever been a patlent i n any type of hospttals? (If yes, specify when. where. why, and name of doctor and complete address of hospttal.)

-1 I d

20. Have you ever had any illness or Injury ot l ler than those already noted? (If yes, specify when, where, and glve dcta~ls.)

21. Have you consulted o r been treated b y clinics, physicians, healers, or other I practitioners within the pas( 5 yearc for other than minor illnesses? (If yes, give comolete address of doctor, hos~ t l a l .

1 I I clinic, and details.) 1 22. Have you ever been rejected for mil i tary

service because of physical, mental, o r I / I other reaso~is? (If yes, give date and / I I I reason for rejecti0n.j I

or other reasons? ( i f yes, Ewe date, reason. and type of discharge: whether honorable. other lhan honorable. !

I / I for unfitness o r unsurtahility.) I

I l l 24. Have you ever received, is there pendlng. o r have you applied for penslon o r compensation tor existing d ~ % a b ~ l $ t y ? ( i f yes specify ,vllat kind, eranted b y whom, srtd what amount, when, why.)

_L -- reviewed the foregoing information supplied b y me and that It is true and complete t o the best of m y knowledge.

I authorize any of the doctors, hospitals, or clinics mentioned above t o furnish the Government a complete transcript of m y medical record for purposes of processing m y application for this employment o r service.

. -. - -- -- - - - -- NAME OF EXAMINEE

NOTE: HAND TO THE DOCTOR OR NURSE. OR IF MAILED MARK ENVELOPE "TO BE OPENED BY MEDICAL OFFICER ONLY." 25. Physician's summary and elaboration of all pert inent data (Physician sha l l comment on a l l positive answers i n items 9 through 24. Physician m a y

develop b y interview any additional medical history h e deems important, and record any significant findings hers.)

OR PRINTED NAME OF PIIYSICIAN

REVERSE OF STANDARD FORM 93 GN 1971-0-422-099

Appendix D

. .. - . . -. - -. - - -- - 4. HOME ADDRCSS ( S l i n l l t r , a l r r d or RI'II, r i l y or l r lu n , Sirla!( a n d 5 PURPOSE OF EXAMIIIATION 6. DATE OF EXAMINATION I---

Stanclrrd Form XU I ~ V \ ! % C ~ I .\rc,l l * l l ,3 <;*:,,cr,,l SCCV,<<> .4~I l , , ,~ l ,~ l l , ,~ ,~~, , I ~ I I L ~ . , ~ ~ , ~ . ~ (.,WII c ~ t ) A~.~II,.II nccl)rd\ I P b I t i 1 0 1 - I 1 ntlq)-+

REPQRT OF MEDICAL EXAPIIINATION

-.- 10. AGLNCY

12. DATE O r BIRTH

L - -. - -. - . - 15. EXAMINING FACILITY OR CXAMINLR. AN0 AI1L)RESS 16. OTIII'R INFORMATION

-. 2 TIME IN THIS CAPACITY (Tdol) - . - - -

17. RATING OR SPECIALTY LAST SIX MONTHS

3. IDENTlflCATIJIl NO. I. LAST NAME--FIRST hAME---LIIDDLF N IME

, -- l'I.IHICAL EVALUfi'IION NOTES. (Dascrrbc every a b n o r n ~ n l i f y ,n d e t a i l E n l s r p a r l l n e n f t r a m n u m b e r b o / o r r each - . . - -. - - -

Non. ' (Check rr$c!v , r r n ! rn a p p r o p r t a l c c o l - ABNOR c o m m s n t . C o n E i n u e in t l s m 73 a n d use a d d i l r o n a l rhea!, I/ necerrary )

MAL I umn, c r l r r r i f , I I- , F v a l u e t e d ) VAL

2. GRADE AND COMPONENT OR POSITION

118. HEAD. PACE h l C K AND SCALI' I I 1 19 NOSE I I

i 21. MOUTH AND II~ROAT -- - -. .-

I 22 LARS- GENERAL

I 23. DRUMS (t'<rA,raltnn)

: 2,. OCULI\R MOTIL ITY I ("rr""'.l ,>"r.rli.l rnl,.. mrn,, "l'll,","~..l - -- - - -- - - --

' 28 LUNGS AND CHEST ( I ~ ~ l u d r b r i n? l r ) A - .. . . - 1 29. HEART ( l%r, r r l , a l l , , r hp l hm , seuridsi

130. VASCULAR SYSTEhl ( I . o r l r ~ l l l l ( l . <Ic.) / i 1 31. ABLOMEN AND \'ISCERA ( I nc l t i d r hrrr~i,!)

-. . .- - - -. .. - - . . - . . . . / 33, ENOOCRINE SYSTEM I 1 34. G-U SYSTEM 1 I

1 43. PELVIC (I.tn1~11~1 only1 (ChrcI. hou' d o ~ t ) I I

44 . DENTAL (I1/.tc< u/,pro/~rr'tfe J),, , /w/>, s/,r,t, tt ,, 0

. ,

45 . UR!YALYSIS A SPILIFIC

8. ALBUMIN D MlCROXOPlC

Appendix D

- MEASUREMEtiTS AN0 O T H E R FINDINGS

56. TClrlFERAlURL

RESSUUE ( A T ? , ~

LEFT mi CORA TO 201 CORR. TO BY

62. HrTtROPHORIA ( . S p l ( i l ~ d l l l ~ I I ~ 0

ES" EX' R. H. L. M. PRISM DIV. PRISM CONV. PC PD

-- -- . -. - - - --- - - - -. . . -- 63. ACCOM,MODATION M. COLOR VISION (Tt11 uacd and r t~uf l )

~ -- RIGHT CURRECTED

66. FIELD OF VISION 67. NIGHT VISION (Teal t t s ~ d and s'orc)

70. HEARII4G 72. PSYCHOLOGICAL *no PSYCHOMOTOR - - .. -- -- - (TZI~I ulfd and 1cor0

RIGIfT WV

--

115 SV

1.EFl WV /IS SV

-- 73. NOTES (Canllnutd) AND SIGNIFIC~.NT OR INTERVAL HISTORY

-- - ( VIC addif ion01 ahcrla it ntcrrtorr) --

74. SUMMARY OF DEFECTS AND DIAGNOSES (Lbl dinpnoacr, W i l h i l ~ m nunlbfr8)

-- -. -. .- -- -. - - - ---- - 75. RECOMMENDATIONS-FURTHER SPLCIALIST FXAMINATIOHS IUDICATED (Syec~(u)

- n. EXAMINEE (('htck)

A. IS OUALIFIED FOR

8 0 15 NOT QUALIFIED FOR

76. A. PHYSICAL PROFILE

P U L H C S

1 -

8. PHYSICAL CATEGORY

78. IF NOT QUALIFIED LIST OISOUALIFYING DfFECTS BY ITEM NUMBER

79. TYYEOOR PRINTED NAME OF PHYSICIAN

(O. TYPLOOR PHlNlEO NAME OF PHYSICIAN

.~ -- -

81. TYPED OR PRINTED R I M E OF ULN~IST OR P)IY51ClAN ( I n d ~ o l c whirh)

.. 82. TYPE0 OR PRlNTfD NAME OF RCVlCWlNG OFFICER OR APPROVING AUTHORITY

PICTORIAL APPEND1 X

The photographs on t h e fo l lowing pages were t aken

a t IGY S t a t i o n Alpha (1957-58), a t T-3 (1962) , and a t

ARLIS I1 (1964) . They do n o t p r e t e n d t o convey a com-

p rehens ive impress ion of work and l i f e on t h e pack i c e ,

b u t on ly a few s e l e c t e d a s p e c t s t h a t d e s e r v e p a r t i c u l a r

a t t e n t i o n .

F u e l cirurits shou ld be

s t o r e d u p r i g h t i n

s e v e r a l pl-aces around

t h e camp, i$OT s t a c k e d

a s shown i n t h e pho to .

I f a c r a c k shou ld run through t h e f u e l d e p o t ,

drums s t a c k e d

on t h e i r s i d e s

w i l l f a l l

i n t o

t h e

w a t e r .

Large p r e s s u r e r i d g e s , u s u a l l y

preceded by c r a c k s o r l e a d s ,

a r e p o t e n t i a l l y d e s t r u c t i v e .

B e s u r e t o d i s c o n n e c t power l i n e s

and s h u t down t h e s t o v e b e f o r e

moving a b u i l d i n g .

The ~ e l t s e a s o n b e g i n s i n l a t e May o r e a r l y

June . A s t h e i c e pack l o o s e n s up , t h e i n d i - -

v i d u a l f l o e s b e g i n t o s h i f t iriore e a s i l y .

The l a r g e melt ponds t h a t c o l l e c t on

t h e i c e can be a s t roublesome t o caiixp

maintenance a s c r a c k s and r i d g e s .

Cables

w i ll

A s h o r

l a i d on t h e i c e

mel t i n r a p i d l y

t f r e e z i n g s p e l l

may malce them

i r r e t r i e v a b l e

A l l c a b l e s and

shou ld be kept

t h e s u r f a c e .

w i r e s

o f f

Empty c r a t e s a r e

a good a b l a t i o n

p r o t e c t i o n

and shou ld be

s t a c k e d around

t h e b u i l d i n g s .

Most mel twater ponds can b e d r a i n e d through a h o l e

d r i l l e d down

t o t h e ocean.

I f the pond

i s l a r g e ,

d r a i n a g e may

e n l a r g e t h e

h o l e and

p r e c i p i t a t e

a dangerous

w h i r l p o o l .

In case of serious trcuble . . .

. . an icebreaker

will speed

t o the rescue.

AIDJEX Main Experiment 1975-76 - Polar Science Center

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