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Transcript of Academic and Business Writing
Academic and Business Writing
Instructor: James Brennan
Hochschule Fresenius Köln
Faculty of Economics & Media
Business Psychology
Semester: 5
Student Name: Hong Kha Le
Student I.D. No.: 129082
Due Date: 2013-07-22
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on
the average consumer’s buying behavior
Instructor: James Brennan
Class: Academic and Business Writing
Academic Paper
Hochschule Fresenius Köln
Faculty of Economics & Media
Business Psychology
Semester: 5
Student Name: Hong Kha Le
Student I.D. No.: 129082
Due Date: 2013-07-22
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
III
Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 4
2 Definitions .......................................................................................... 4
2.1 Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................ 5
2.2 The average consumer ............................................................. 5
3 Results of the research on consumers’ reactions towards CSR .... 6
4 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 8
Bibliography ................................................................................................ 10
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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1 Introduction
“The purpose of business is not to make profit but to satisfy the needs of
customers. The consequence of satisfying these needs is incremental profit,”
stated Peter Drucker, whose research contributed to the practical and
philosophical foundations of modern business, already in 1953 in his classic
book The Age of Discontinuity (cited after Barrett 2013).
For many decades, this message has been forgotten by many businesses in
the pursuit of profit at any cost, which caused companies to being managed by
shareholder theory (Barrett 2013). Shareholder theory assumes that the sole
responsibility of a company is to maximize its profits for its shareholders,
whereas stakeholder theory is based upon the belief that companies need to
consider the effects of their actions on all interested parties involves, even if
profitability is neglected. Stakeholders can be employees, suppliers,
customers, the environment, the community, but also shareholders. (Mohr, et
al. 2005, 124)
Ironically, businesses are often still at the service of shareholders and thus
only deal with making money for them – at the expense of customers. With
declining public trust in governments and companies all around the world, a
change needs to come. Hence it is not surprising that one of the primary sales
trends for 2013 is the move away from the commonly accepted corporate view
that everything is about maximizing profits and making money, towards a
greater emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility, in short CSR (Barrett
2013).
In this assignment, I intend to prove that companies’ Corporate Social
Responsibility has indeed a positive impact on the buying behavior of an
average consumer. Consequently, CSR does not have to come along with
reduced profitability.
2 Definitions
In order to prove my thesis, the concept of CSR will be defined at first. Then,
the average consumer needs to be characterized and distinguished from other
types of consumers.
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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2.1 Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility, in short CSR, can be defined as “a balanced
approach for organizations to address economic, social and environmental
issues in a way that aims to benefit people, communities and society”
(Leonard and McAdam 2003, 27). CSR considers many issues such as
human rights, unfair business practices, workplace and employee needs, but
also environmental aspects, community involvement, social development and
consumer interests (Leonard & McAdam, 2003, p. 27-28).
Besides product manufacturing and integrity, CSR impacts an organization’s
marketing and advertising as well as selling practices, thus providing a wide
range of advantages to businesses, including reducing absenteeism and
fluctuation of employees, protecting its brand image and improving customer
satisfaction (Leonard & McAdam, 2003,29- 30).
2.2 The average consumer
The average consumer is not that typical eco-type with high social
preferences. In addition, the average consumer’s income is rather low (Etile
and Teyssier 2011, 1). His consumer behavior must be distinguished from
“socially responsible consumer behavior” (SRCB) which can be seen as an
enduring personality trait (Mohr et al. 2005, 127). SRCB can be defined as “a
person basing his or her acquisition, usage, and disposition of products on a
desire to minimize or eliminate any harmful effects and maximize the long-run
beneficial impact on society” (Mohr et al. 2001, 47).
In order to have a significant impact on consumers’ purchasing behavior, a
company’s level of CSR first needs to be perceived by consumers. Hence,
building awareness is probably the main purpose behind cause-related
marketing, one of CSR’s facets. It can be defined as a company promoting
that a certain percentage of sales will be spent on supporting a particular non-
profit organization or cause. The average consumer’s knowledge of a
company’s CSR level is speculated to be quite low. Consequently, lack of
awareness restrains companies’ CSR impact on consumer behavior (Mohr et
al. 2001, 47-48).
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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However, these findings now are more than a decade old. A certain trend can
be observed recently that also the average consumer is assimilating more and
more the eco-type consumer: In 2010, already 9 out of 10 consumers think
that companies should improve society and the environment while achieving
their business goals, and 83% of consumers think that companies should
support nonprofits and charities with financial donations (Epstein-Reeves
2010). In addition, the EcoPulse 2013 study – a survey exploring how
Americans buy green products and their awareness of CSR initiatives, found
that the economic recovery has rearranged consumers’ priorities towards
social responsibility and the environment. The survey’s results indicate that
consumers nowadays care more about how companies produce their products
rather than what they make. After all, company’s CSR activities still have an
impact on 1 out of 3 consumers of those being surveyed (Environmental
Leader 2013)
3 Results of the research on consumers’
reactions towards CSR
Already early on in the 1990ies, different surveys show that a company’s CSR
activity had a significant impact on consumers’ buying behavior. For instance,
Ross, Stutts and Patterson (1990-91) interviewed 225 people and found that
for about half of their sample, a company’s support of a charitable cause had
been the main reason for them to purchase their product. In another telephone
survey, Smith and Alcorn (1991) also found that almost half of their
interviewees would like to switch brands or support companies that make
financial donations to non-profit organizations (cited after Mohr et al. 2001,
49).
One should keep in mind, however, that data derived from surveys usually
suffers from the so-called social desirability response bias. This bias describes
the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a manner that is
considered positively by other people or the society in general. Thus their
answers might not be true either due to over-reporting what is seen as good
behavior. When completing a survey about their reactions to a company’s
CSR activity, interviewees may want to appear considerate, unselfish and
concerned to the interviewer as well as to themselves. Therefore, simple
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
7
surveys possibly overemphasize the potential effect of CSR on purchase
decisions.
Furthermore, Mohr et al. (2001, 47-48) state that studies measuring consumer
awareness or knowledge of companies’ more general social responsibility
levels could not be found. A reason for this possibly is that CSR is such a
broad and complex concept that it is too challenging to measure. And even in
2011, Etile and Teyssier still find that consumers' reactions to companies’
CSR activities have been less carefully analyzed in economics, maybe
because there is a wide gap between a positive attitude towards social
responsibility and actual consuming behavior (Etile and Teyssier 2011, 2).
According to Lindgreen and Swaen (2010, 2), communicating about social
activities may come along with negative side effects, thus not always
benefitting the communicating company, particularly because CSR
communication might trigger stakeholders’ skepticism.
However, in their recent extensive review of corporate social responsibility
(CSR) literature based on 588 journal articles and 102 books and book
chapters, Aguinis and Glavas (2012, 952) find consumer loyalty, positive firm
evaluations and customer choice of the company or the product among many
positive outcomes of CSR.
After all, many people feel indeed very alarmed about our planet because of
food and water insecurity, dangers to health and wellbeing and environmental
destruction. Yet, many feel paralyzed about their incapability to cause any
significant change. But if the company they buy products from or maybe work
for is committed to be socially responsible, people may feel empowered to
contributing and making a difference (Barrett 2013).
Lindgreen and Swaen (2010, 3) also found that the basic notion that CSR can
be profitable for businesses obviously propels corporate interest towards CSR.
Eventually, companies can build a competitive advantage by considering non-
economic aspects. Besides, they can differentiate themselves from their
competitors and create a better reputation and image, but also consumer
goodwill as well as positive employee behavior and attitudes.
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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So when a consumer purchases a product from a socially responsible
company, the consumer is indirectly donating, namely via the company, to the
respective beneficiaries of the aforementioned CSR activities, for example to
employees or communities of farmers. The product’s utility is increased
accordingly to the amount of the indirect donation, leading to a higher
additional benefit of the product (Etile and Teyssier 2011).
Mohr et al.’s (2005) experimental results indicate that CSR has a significant
positive effect on rating a company and purchase intentions. Hence, certain
characteristics of a company beyond its products, for example its reputation,
can influence the impression of the company as well as buying choices.
4 Conclusion
All in all, one can say that CSR can have a significant and positive impact on
the average consumer’s buying behavior. One key reason surely is the global
trend towards a more responsible, thoughtful, “green” consuming behavior.
Nevertheless, companies need to be careful communicating their CSR
activities. They may appear too highfaluting which might trigger stakeholders’
skepticism. There is a thin line between boasting and making consumers
aware of the company’s CSR activity, for instance via public relations, media
or simply by labels on its products.
Different kind of consumers may have different levels of social preferences.
But if consumers are not able to distinguish a CSR-product from a non-CSR
product, then purchasing the former instead of the latter will not bring any
additional benefit. This is the purpose of printing labels on product packages
since their function is to inform consumers about the companies’ strategies
(Etile and Teyssier 2011, 17).
However, labeling products in order to increase company’s sales might be
exploited by unscrupulous marketers (Mohr et al. 2005, 142). The
trustworthiness of a CSR label is an essential concern. Some companies
might cheat and only seek green-washing (Etile and Teyssier 2011, 27).
In conclusion, companies should only engage in sound and reliable CSR
programs which consumer think are driven, at least partly, by a sincere desire
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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to help others, since the motives for CSR are habitually questioned. On the
opposite side, consumers need to be careful and should not automatically
trust CSR labels, especially if these are lesser known.
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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Bibliography
Aguinis, Herman and Glavas, Ante. 2012. “What We Know and Don’t Know
About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research
Agenda.” Journal of Management 38 (July): 932-968.
http://jom.sagepub.com/content/38/4/932.
Barrett, Sue. 2013. Corporate social responsibility at the sales coalface – no
more only 'what's in it for me'. http://www.smartcompany.com.au/sell-
like-a-woman/056151-corporate-social-responsibility-at-the-sales-
coalface-no-more-only-what-s-in-it-for-me.html.
Environmental Leader. 2013. Consumer Buying Goes Green With Economic
Recovery. http://www.environmentalleader.com/2013/06/28/consumer-
buying-goes-green-with-economic-recovery/.
Epstein-Reeves, James. 2010. Consumers Overwhelmingly Want CSR.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2010/12/15/new-study-consumers-
demand-companies-implement-csr-programs/.
Etile, Fabrice and Teyssier, Sabrina. 2011. “Corporate Social Responsibility
and the Economics of Consumer Social Responsibility.” Working Paper
ALISS 05 (August): 1-33.
https://www.paris.inra.fr/aliss/content/download/3398/33356/version/2/fi
le/ALISSWP2011-05Sabrina.pdf.
Leonard, Denis and McAdam, Rodney. 2003. “Corporate Social
Responsibility.” Quality Progress 36 (October): 27-32.
http://alexandrow.pdforms.texas-
quality.org/SiteImages/125/Reference%20Library/Social%20Responsib
ility%20-%20Leonard.pdf.
Lindgreen, Adam and Swaen, Valérie. 2010. “Corporate Social Responsibility.”
International Journal of Management Reviews 12 (March): 1-7.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-
2370.2009.00277.x/pdf.
The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
11
Mohr, Lois A., Webb, Deborah J. and Harris, Katherine E. 2001. “Do
Consumers Expect Companies to be Socially Responsible? The
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behavior.” The
Journal of Consumer Affairs 35 (Summer): 45-72.
Mohr, Lois A., Webb, Deborah J. and Harris, Katherine E. 2005. “The Effects
of Corporate Social Responsibility and Price on Consumer
Responses.” The Journal of Consumer Affairs 39 (Summer): 121-147.
Business Part
Instructor: James Brennan
Class: Academic and Business Writing
Hochschule Fresenius Köln
Faculty of Economics & Media
Business Psychology
Semester: 5
Student Name: Hong Kha Le
Student I.D. No.: 129082
Due Date: 2013-07-22
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
II
Contents
1 Cover Letter ............................................................................................................... 3
2 Curiculum Vitae ......................................................................................................... 4
3 Survey Letter ............................................................................................................. 5
4 Survey ........................................................................................................................ 6
5 Case Study ................................................................................................................ 8
6 Job Announcement ................................................................................................. 10
7 Affidavit ................................................................................................................... 12
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
3
Hong Kha Le Graeffstr. 1 50823 Cologne GERMANY 19 June 2013
Sophie Mataba hmv Canary Wharf, 1 Canada Square, Greater London E14 5AA, UNITED KINGDOM
Dear Ms. Mataba
Internship: Human Resource Associate from 1 August to 1 October 2013
I am currently studying Business Psychology at Fresenius University of Applied Sciences in
Cologne (Germany), majoring in Human Resource Management. After graduating in March
2014, I intend to become an HR manager. Therefore, I would like to gain practical experience
at the PageGroup in London and deeper insights into the recruiting industry in the UK.
During my internship at Helex Asia in Singapore – a recruiting firm specialized in
management consultants – I gained much experience in all stages of the recruitment cycle. I
assisted the Managing Partner of Helex Asia. I was able to quickly adopt a hands-on
approach and managed challenging tasks such as administrating senior candidates and
clients and executing online marketing. Moreover, I developed a deep understanding of
Fortune500 companies’ activities in China and Southeast Asia.
I enjoy interacting with people, and my ambitious team spirit proved its worth many times in
project studies conducted at the university. In addition, I gained excellent presentation and
rhetorical skills in different communication courses.
Thank you very much in advance for reviewing my application, I look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
Hong Kha Le
Enclosure: Curriculum Vitae
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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Hong Kha LE [email protected], +49 176 9264 2853
Graeffstr.1 (App. 2611), 50823 Cologne EDUCATION 09/10 – 02/14 University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, B.A. in Business Psychology Cologne, Germany (expected) Majors: personnel psychology, behavior economics, consumer and media psychology
Current overall average grade: 1.3 (GPA 3.7)
100% merit based scholarship to cover university fees; total monetary value 23,400€ 01/11 – present German National Academic Foundation
Germany's largest organization sponsoring students of outstanding academic achievements (top 2% in Germany)
2003 – 2010 Windthorst-Gymnasium Meppen, Abitur 2010 Meppen, Germany
Overall average grade: 1.2 (GPA 3.8), valedictorian (graduated at top of class)
Main subjects: English, French, Math
Class President at the Windthorst High School Meppen 08/08 – 07/10 START-foundation
A scholarship for committed and gifted high school students with a migration background PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 09/12 – 03/13 Helex Asia (www.helexasia.com), internship Singapore Asia’s first and only executive search firm dedicated exclusively to finding Management Consulting
Talent
Assisted the Managing Partner of Helex Asia, a former McKinsey Management Consultant and INSEAD MBA
Administrated candidates and clients
Executed online marketing
Used "cutting edge" tools in the area of social networking (Xing, LinkedIn, Facebook) and SaaS (Software as a Service)
Developed deep understanding of Fortune500 companies’ activities in China and Southeast Asia
01/11 – present University Fresenius (marketing department), working student Cologne, Germany
Participated in several trade fairs around Germany to showcase the university’s business studies
Advised interested applicants for the university Fresenius on courses of business studies and career opportunities
Prepared and executed introduction days for freshmen 09/10 – present SUMO GmbH (www.sumo.de), working student Cologne, Germany One of the market leaders in web-ranking and search engine optimization (SEO) in Germany
Worked in the field of off-page optimization
Executed linkmanagement for several clients and thus for the organic and continuous growth of external links in order to achieve higher ranks on search engine result pages
Set up and maintained social bookmarking accounts 07/10 – 08/10 McDonald’s, temporary employment Meppen, Germany
Worked at a McDonald’s restaurant as a food service employee
Bridged the gap between my high school graduation and the beginning of my university studies ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
German national; born 12th February 1991 in Meppen, Germany
Languages: German (native), English (fluent), French (intermediate, DELF B2), Vietnamese (basic), Spanish (basic)
Computer/EDV: Word (advanced), PowerPoint (advanced), Excel (basic), SPSS (advanced)
Interests: Singing and performing with choirs and a cappella groups; aerobics & Zumba, psychology
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
5
Hong Kha Le Graeffstr. 1 50823 Cologne GERMANY
19 July 2013
Mercedes Jones 742 Evergreen Terace Springfield, IL 62701 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Dear Ms. Jones
Facebook Usage Survey
My name is Hong Kha Le and I am currently writing my Bachelor thesis in cooperation with
Facebook. In order to understand why people are using Facebook and their attitude towards
Facebook, I would like you to participate in my survey about Facebook usage.
The survey will require approximately five minutes to complete. I would highly appreciate it if
you could answer the thirteen questions posed by the survey and remit it to me no later than
September 30, 2013 in the self-addressed, stamped envelope provided. As a matter of
course, all information will remain confidential
As an added token of our appreciation, every participant has the chance to win an all-
expenses-paid trip to Berlin, the capital of Germany!
Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at any time:
[email protected] or (+49) 176 9264 2853.
Yours sincerely
Hong Kha Le
Enclosure: Facebook Usage Survey, return envelope
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
6
Facebook Usage Survey
Please tick one box per question, unless otherwise requested.
1) Are you female or male? Female □ Male □
2) Your age: I am _____ years old
3) Do you have a Facebook account? Yes □ No □
If not, why? ______________________________________________________________
(Please specify and proceed to question 7)
4) On average, I use Facebook ______ minutes per day
5) I have _____ friends on Facebook
6) I use Facebook on my… (Please tick all relevant answers)
□Personal computer / Notebook □ Tablet (e.g. iPad)
□ Smartphone □ Other _____________________
Now, please answer the following questions about motives about and attitudes towards Facebook
usage by indicating your level of agreement.
7) I think that Facebook is a good platform for communication.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
8) I prefer another online platform to communicate with my friends.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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9) I believe that Facebook is a good platform for self-portrayal.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
10) Facebook has been improving our lives.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
11) Facebook will still exist in 20 years.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
12) In 20 years, I will (still) have a Facebook account.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
13) My life has become more complicated because of Facebook.
Strongly Agree □ Agree □ Disagree □ Strongly Disagree □
Thank you for your valuable contribution! If you would like to participate in our prize draw, enter
your e-mail ________________________________________________
[1] http://www.computerhope.com/comp/yahoo.htm Retrieved July 21, 2013.
[2] http://pressroom.yahoo.net/pr/ycorp/overview.aspx Retrieved July 21, 2013.
[3] http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/YHOO/2594600577x0x239565/4f32ddd0-82e5-47c2-ac71-
75403ebbb404/YahooCodeOfEthics_Ext_1008.pdf Retrieved July 21, 2013.
[4] http://www.specimentemplates.org/mission-statements/yahoo-mission-statement.htm Retrieved July 21, 2013.
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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Case Study: Yahoo
1 About Yahoo
Yahoo is the company behind the Yahoo! Internet Search and related Internet services. It
was founded in January 1994 by Jerry Yang and David Filo: The "yahoo.com" domain was
created on January 18, 1995. Eventually, Yahoo was incorporated on March 1, 1995 [1].
Initially, it was named “Jerry and David’s Guide to the World Wide Web”. However, the name
later changed to “Yahoo”, which stands for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.
Yahoo is headquartered in Sunnyvale, Calif., and currently has 11,500 employees in 25
countries, provinces, and territories. Yahoo offers a variety of services, including their search
engine, communication tools such as e-mail and forums and shopping services [2].
2 Yahoo’s values
In Yahoo’s Code of Ethics [3], it is stated that its values are the company’s core. It says: “Our
values shape the culture and define the character of our company. They are at the heart of
who we are and what we do.” There are six important values for Yahoo, namely:
- Excellence: Yahoo values integrity and distinction.
- Innovation: Yahoo seeks ideas to change the world.
- Customer Fixation: Customers always come first.
- Teamwork: Open communication is efficient and multiple perspectives are
appreciated.
- Community: Yahoo wants to make a positive impact on the society and empower
consumers in ways never before possible.
- Fun: Humor is said to be an important aspect of their success.
Moreover, Yahoo’s Mission Statement is “to be the most essential global Internet service for
consumers and businesses” [4].
3 Challenge
However, Yahoo’s competitors remain its greatest challenge. Yahoo’s search engine must be
repositioned and distinguished from its biggest competitor, the Google search engine which
generates far more revenue. Moreover, Yahoo’s big presence on personal computers has
[5] http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324787004578493130789235150.html Retrieved July 21, 2013.
[6] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7239220.stm Retrieved July 21, 2013. [7] http://web.archive.org/web/20120717195637/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/enterprise-it/strategy/Marissa-Mayer-
hopes-to-improve-user-experience-at-Yahoo/articleshow/15015065.cms Retrieved July 21, 2013. [8] http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=YHOO Retrieved July 21, 2013.
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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not translated well to mobile devices. Here it lacks the benefit of Apple’s popular hardware or
Google's omnipresent smartphone operating software, Android. As of January 2010, Yahoo
held the largest market share in online display advertising worldwide. Nonetheless, in 2011,
Yahoo lost the top spot to Facebook. Eventually, growth needs to come since Yahoo’s
annual revenue has been stuck for years around US$5 billion [5].
The Microsoft Corporation made an unrequested bid to acquire Yahoo for about US$44.6
billion. Yet, Yahoo properly rejected Microsoft’s bid, claiming that it significantly undervalues
the company. However, Yahoo had a market capitalization of only US$22.24 billion three
years later [6].
4 Yahoo’s response
Many drastic changes in the executive board followed Microsoft’s bid. Eventually, on July 16,
2012, former Google executive Marissa Mayer was appointed President and CEO of Yahoo,
which was effective already on the following day [7].
Yahoo has agreed to pay US$1.1 billion for purchasing Tumblr on May 19, 2013. Tumblr is
an only six-year-old company with already more than 100 million users but, so far, very little
revenue.
5 Result
The Wall Street Journal stated that the acquisition of Tumblr would gratify Yahoo’s need for
“a thriving social-networking and communications hub”. Tumblr is quite popular, especially
with numerous younger adults, who stand in contrast to Yahoo's actual older customer base.
Moreover, Tumblr is growing more quickly on smartphones than Yahoo.
Yahoo’s market capitalization has recovered and adds up to US$31.87 billion as of July 21,
2013 [8] as a result of its actions and acquisitions.
http://workforus.michaelpage.co.uk/graduates/opportunities/pagegroup-internships
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
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PageGroup internships
Are you a current university student with the ability to persuade and
influence, looking for a career in a fast-paced, challenging environment?
PageGroup is giving students like you the opportunity to see what it's like to work in the
recruitment industry through our paid internships. Recruitment isn’t for the faint-hearted, but
if you’re ambitious, proactive and love a challenge, an internship with PageGroup will give you
the chance to prove yourself.
What will I get out of an internship with PageGroup?
We will give you invaluable commercial experience, exposing you to the recruitment industry
through real responsibility with industry-renowned classroom-based training and support. You’ll
be a valued member of a team and will experience the fun, sociable, fast-paced and exciting
environment that we work in on a daily basis. If you do well and impress, you could be offered
a position on our prestigious graduate development programme. And just in case that wasn’t
enough, our internships are among
the best paid student opportunities available.
Our opportunities are flexible around your university timetable, allowing you to work full time
during your university holidays or part-time during term time at an office in your university
town, some of our interns do both. Our full-time internships typically last eight weeks over the
summer, Monday to
Friday in a location close to home. However, if you choose to work for us during term time,
you’ll be based in an office in your university town for a minimum of eight hours a week on
days that suit your university commitments.
What work will I do?
You’ll be working closely with the local director and manager who will allocate you duties
depending on your capabilities and the priorities of the business and location where you are
placed. You will:
Develop your knowledge of PageGroup brands, sales as a profession and the recruitment
industry
Increase your involvement with all stages of the recruitment cycle throughout your internship
Improve your communication skills by speaking with candidates, clients and the rest of your
team
Take responsibility over your own project based assignments such as researching
commercial information about your market
Advertise client roles on our website and screen the applicants
Improve your confidence in real business situations through attending candidate interviews
and client meetings
http://workforus.michaelpage.co.uk/graduates/opportunities/pagegroup-internships
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
11
Receive constructive feedback and development from managers and mentors involved in your
training
Benefit from two days of structured, classroom-based training with members of our
learning and development team
Who can take part in a PageGroup internship?
Excellent communication skills, a desire to interact with people and the ability to adopt a hands-on
approach are vital qualities to succeed in recruitment. We’re inviting ambitious team players with a
passion for sales to join us and take advantage of what we can offer.
What happens to the relationship afterwards?
Feedback from previous interns tells us that they have left with a great understanding of the
recruitment industry, a lot more confidence in the commercial world, a feel for the ethos of our
company and now want to get more involved.
If, after your internship, you have a genuine interest in the role and we feel you have demonstrated
the right skills for a successful career in recruitment, we will arrange for you to meet a relevant
manager of one of our teams. They will interview you for a place on our highly successful graduate
development programme.
If you think you’ve got what it takes please apply now or contact Sophie Mataba.
Hochschule Fresenius Köln Academic and Business Writing // James Brennan Hong Kha Le // Business Psychology // Semester: 5
Affidavit
I herewith swear that this submitted term paper entitled: “The impact of Corporate Social
Responsibility on the average consumer’s buying behavior” and cover letters, case study,
résumé, and survey [collectively=paper] were authored solely by me without any outside
help. Additionally, no other sources were used except those in the bibliography.
Parts of this paper—which also include tables, charts, graphs, figures, and the alike—that
have been taken either verbatim or paraphrased with the same meaning from other works
have in each case been properly cited with regard to their origin and authorship.
This paper either in parts or in its entirety—be it in the same or similar form—has not been
submitted to any other examination body and has not been published.
Cologne, 22 July 2013
Hong Kha Le