5 Materials for training in Japan - 1st Project Year (25 November

5 Materials for training in Japan

- 1st Project Year (25 November - 7 December 2013, 15 - 22 January 2014)

1

Tokyo Low Carbon GrowthStrategyRegulatory method and the market mechanism

2013.11.27 JICA- Technical Cooperation Project - TGO

2

Agenda 1. Cities as Key to Climate Change2. Tokyo Climate Change Strategy 3. Cap-and-Trade Program4. Carbon reduction Reporting Program5. Green Building Program6. Other Programs and Renewable Policy7. “Era of Green Building”

3

1. Cities as the Key to Climate Change

4

Cities as Key to Climate ChangeThe share of the world’s population lives in cities will reach67 % by 2050

Cities account for over 67 %of energy-related GHG, which is expected to rise to 74 %by 2030. The world’s 50 largest cities generate about 2.6 billion t CO2 annually, next to China andUnited State.

Cities and Climate Change/ 2009 the World Bank

Climate Actions in Megacities/ 2011 C40 & Arup

UNEP Green Economy Report“Cities” UNEP

“Sustainable, Resource Efficient Cities – Make It Happen”

UN-HABITAT“Cities and Climate ChangeGlobal Report on Human Settlement 2011”

OECD“Competitive cities and Climate change”

Japanese Government promotes City-to-City environmental cooperation in;Future City InitiativeEast Asia Low-Carbon Knowledge PlatformJoint Crediting Mechanism Program to Realize Low Carbon Society in AsiaJICA Partnership Program for local governments

Many reports on cities role in Climate Change --

6

C40- World Bank MOU

“Cities will take the lead in overcoming climate change .”

- Mr. Robert Zoellick

C40 Sao Paulo Summit, June 2011

7

“The road to global sustainability runs through the world’s cities and towns.”UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

Governments are paralyzed, and that makes your presence more important.UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueresin ICLEI GLOBAL TOWNHALL, Rio+20, June 21, 2012

In Rio+20

8

Source : Globe Alliancehttp://www.globealliance.org/Libraries/Resources/Climate_Change_and_Buildings_Overview.sflb.ashx

Current and Projected Building Sector Emissions by World Region

CO

2 E

mis

sion

(MtC

)

Asia Latin America

Africa & The Middle EastCentral & Eastern

Europe, Former Soviet Union

North America, western Europe, & Pacific OECD

20102030

And in Asia, Emission from Buildings will Double by 2030

9

Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report(2007)

GtCO2-eq/Yr

Huge Potential for Emission Reductionin Building Sector

10

2. Tokyo Climate Change Strategy

GHG Emissions in Tokyo

11

Tokyo

<GHG emissions of Annex I parties in 2010>USA

RussiaJapan

GermanyCanada

UKAustralia

FranceItaly

TurkeyPoland

UkraineSpain

NetherlandCzech

RomaniaBelgium

RomaniaGreek

BelarusAustriaFinland

New ZealandPortugalHungarySwedenDemarkBulgariaIceland

SwitzerlandNorway

Source: UNFCCC, GHG emissions of Annex I parties million tons CO2

Tokyo

57.3Mt

Population:

13 MillionEmissions per capita

4.4 t-CO2 Area :

2,187 sqKm Tokyo (29th)

5 10 15 20 25 65 7012

CO2 Emissions in Tokyo (FY2010)

Transportation

(4.9Mt)

(20.2Mt)

(15.6Mt)

(11.8Mt)

Industrial

9%

37%

29%

22%

Commercial

FY2010

54.1Mt

Gases Mt-CO2

CO2 54.08CH4 0.50N2O 0.61HFCs 2.04PFCs 0SF6 0.02Total 57.25

Residential

13

54.4 54.4 58.5 56.7 59.1 58.2 56.9 57.5 56.8 57.7 58.9 56.7 57.7 56.0 56.5 57.4 55.8 55.8 54.653.6

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

(Mt-CO2)

Commercial

Industrial

Residential

Transportation

Changes of CO2 Emissions in Tokyo

54.1

14

CO2 Emissions Trend

Transportation

Industrial

Inner circle : FY1990 / Total :54.4Mt-CO2Middle circle: FY2000 / Total :58.8Mt-CO2Outer circle : FY2010 / Total :54.1Mt-CO2

Others(4.9Mt)

(20.2Mt)(15.6Mt)

(11.8Mt)

Increasing in Commercial and Residential Sectors

Commercial

54.1Mt-CO2FY2010

Emission from the Buildings Sector

Residential

15

1 Responsibility as the enormous energyconsumer

2 Reducing emissions from buildings is the key

3 Enable Tokyo to grow in the coming carbon restrain ageThe early shift to a low carbon city will bring sustainable growth to Tokyo

GHG Reduction Goal :-25% below 2000 level by 2020

Tokyo Climate Change StrategyBasic Policy

16

Commercial& Industrial

47%

Large Facilities

Small & Medium-sized Facilities

Residential Sector

Transportation

Benchmarking & Rating Program for Freight Transportation

Total CO2 Emission:53.6 Mt

Green Building & City development

Portfolio of Tokyo’s Climate Change Actions (2)

Residential26%

Transportation25%

FY2009

53.6Mt

9%

37%

27%

25%

17

Transportation

Residential

CommercialIndustrial

[Large Facilities]Carbon Reduction Reporting ProgramCap-and-trade

[Small & MediumFacilities]Carbon Reduction Reporting ProgramSubsidy Program for RetrofitTax Exemption for RetrofitEnergy Efficiency Audit & Advise

Low-carbon Building Bench-marking

Energy Saving Advisers

Roof Lease Business Matching Program

Vehicle Emissions Reduction ProgramTruck Benchmarking

New Buildings

Green Building ProgramGreen Label Program for CondominiumsLow-carbon prerequisite for Large Developments

Subsidy for Solar energy

Solutions for Buildings

Portfolio of Tokyo’s Climate Change Actions (1)

18

Promote the shift toward greener, low carbon buildings

Tokyo Cap and Trade ProgramRequire annual emission reduction from existing buildings

TMG Green Building Programs Require energy conservation design and

renewable energy use in new buildings

CoversExisting buildings

CoversNew buildings

Framework of Measures for the Buildings Sector

19

2000 2005 20082006 2010

Climate Change StrategyBasic policy for the10yr project

TMG Environmental Master PlanSetting sectoral targets & programs

Carbon Minus 10yr projectAction plan

Carbon Reduction Reporting Program2002Start

2005Introduce Disclosure system

Tokyo C&T2008 2010Enact Start

Green Labeling Program for CondominiumsLow-carbon prerequisitefor Large Developments

Green Building Program2002Start

2005Reinforce standardsin climate change & urban heat areas

2008 2010 Broader coverageReinforce standards

Plans

Programs

“Tokyo’s Big Change ;The 10-yr plan”Setting the goal ; -25% by 2020

Policy DevelopmentA Historical Process

2007

The Framework of Tokyo Program

Planning Design Construction Operation Tuning Retrofit

CO2 Emission Reporting Program

Green Building Program

Cap & Trade Program

LargerNew buildings Existing

buildings

Smaller

Building Size

Planning/Operation Stage

District Plan for Energy Efficiency

Developmentsw. incentive bonus

21

3. Cap-and-Trade Program

22

Mandatory emission reductions & Emission trading program

Tokyo Cap & Trade Program

CO2CO2

CO2TRADE!

Factories: -6%Office Buildings: -8%

Excess reduction

ReductionObligation

Reduction Obligation Rate

23

The world’s first urban cap and tradeprogram to cover office buildings

Covers approx.40% of commercial & industrial sectors’ emissions

Target: 1,400 facilitiesFacilities with annual energy consumption of 1,500 kl or more (crude oil equivalent)Approx. 1000 commercial & institutional buildings Approx. 300 industrial facilities

Mandatory emission reductions & Emission trading program

Tokyo Cap & Trade Program (1)

24

To achieve the Tokyo’s emission reduction target “ -25%bellow 2000 by 2020”, the necessary reduction in industry& commercial sector is 17% reductionWe set 2 compliance periods and designed the cap with -6% for the 1st compliance period and -17% for the 2nd compliance period

Cap Setting

20201st compliance period

2010-2014)

6% reduction5yrs average

17% reduction5yrs average

2nd compliance period2015-2019)


25

Category Compliance factor (2nd CP)

-1 Commercial buildings, District cooling & heating facilities (plants) 8% (17% )

-2 Commercial buildings using District Heating and Cooling 6% (15%)Factories, etc. 6% (15%)

Top level

A facility already achieved high energy efficiency is certified as aTop Level / Near-top level Facility

½ or ¾ of the compliance factor

years

Base-year emissions

Compliance factor

Obligation reductions

Emission Allowance (5yrs)

Base-year emissions

Obligation reductions

Average emissions of three consecutive years between 2002 to 2007

Base-year emissions

Allowance allocations Tokyo Cap & Trade Program (3)

26

Penalty For non-compliance

Ordered to reduce 1.3 times the shortfallIf order is violated:Monetary fine, public announcement, etc.

Reduction Obligation to be achieved with 5 years averageExample


27

Trading


ObligationAchieved

Can sellExcess

Reduction

Need toBuy

Credit

Facility

A

ReductionObligation

ActualReduction

ExcessReduction

Or Buy Offset

Credits !Facility

BFacility

C

Trade!

28

Emissions trading

1.Excess Credit Emission reduction exceeding the yearly obligation in large facilities (targeted facilities in C&T program)

Offsets-Credits

2. Small and Midsize Facility CreditCredit produced by emissions reductions from small and midsize facilities within the Tokyo area

3. Renewable Energy CreditSolar energy (heat and power), wind energy, etc.

4. Outside Tokyo CreditExcess emissions reductions in large facilities outside Tokyo

5. Saitama CreditsExcess Credits and Small and Midsize Facility Credits under

the Saitama ETS scheme

Emission Trading & Offset Credits


29

The Result of Cap-and-trade Program

23% reduction in FY201193% facilities reduced emissions more than obligation

Base YearEmission

FY2010 FY2011

13%reduction

(million tons)

9.38milliontons 8.15

milliontons 7.22

milliontons

23%reduction

<The Result of FY 2011>10

9

8

7

6

5

Credit Trading<Credit trading>

FY Cases t-CO2

2011 4 20,5762012 6 19,380Total 10 40,235

Trading Seminar & Matching Fair

30

<Price level>( 3rd company survey in March 2013)

Renewable Energy Credits: 7,800yen 9,200yen/t-CO2

Excess Reduction Credits: 7,400 yen 8,800yen/t-CO2Offset credits auctioned by TMG in Oct. 2012

Renewable Energy Credits: 10,000yen/t-CO2


Electricity peak load in 2012 continue to be 15% below 2010

31

Electricity Demand Peak Load in TEPCO area (July – September 2012)

Peak Load in Summer 20105.9 GW (Jul 23)

Highest Temperature : 35.7 C

Peak Load in Summer 20125.1 GW (Aug 30)Highest Temperature : 35.6 C

The peak load was reduced by 15% even the temperature was the same as in 2010

July 1 July 15 Aug 1 Aug 15 Sep 1 Sep 15 Sep 30

32

How Cap & Trade Program contributed to energy saving in the Power Crisis

Hotel Grand Pacific le Daiba“We could achieve the reduction because we had been committed to energy efficiency through addressing reduction obligation in cap-and-trade program.”

Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower“We had established good relationship with the tenants for energy saving through the cap-and-trade program and that enabled us to address the energy crisis.”

Omotesando Hills“We organized Global Warming Action Project Team in the building to address the reduction obligation and they had discussed and implemented energy saving actions.”

33

4. Carbon ReductionReporting Program

34

Carbon Reduction Reporting Program (1)

Mandatory Reporting, voluntary reductionReporting 5 year plan for energy reduction, with voluntary reduction targetTargeting business

Large facilities (offices, factories) using more energy than 1,500 kl crude oil equivalentAdvise, Evaluate & DiscloseLevel up the reduction efforts by advising, rating and disclosure

A prior program to Cap-and-Trade (2002-2009)

35

Improve the reduction plan by advising12 Basic Measures

Category MeasuresAir Conditioning(operation)

Controlling air ratio of boilersControl of outlet temperature of cold chamber machineProper control of indoor temprature and humidityProper control of fresh air intake

Air Conditioning(equipment)

Equip inverted control systemImprove insulation on steam bulbsInstall cushioning insystemEquip fresh air intake controling systemControlysing system of CO2 consentration at basement parking

LightingProper control of illumination intensityRenew flourescent inverted control systemInstall high efficiency light


36

Plan EvaluationReduction rate >5%Reduction rate >2%Fully cover “TMG selected basic 12 measures”Cover only operational measureNot cover even operational measures

AAA+

ABC

Aor higher45%

BorC55%

Draft Plan

B,C1.5%

315

330

610

19

A48%

AA25%

AA45% A+

26%

Plan

TMG support and advices

Improvethe plan byAdvising

37


By addressing this program,1) The owners can get know how much they are

using energy and how much they have the potential to save energy.

2) The companies can learn how to save the energy through TMG’s energy audit and advices.

3) They can get know if their facilities is better or worse than the average in terms of energy efficiency in the same business group, through “Energy Efficiency Carte”

Energy Efficiency Carte

--Showing energy consumption and energy efficiency

--Comparing with other facilities in the same business category

m2E

nergy consumption

MJ Your facility here

You have potential

38


Over 34,000 facilities participatingCan get eligibility for subsidy program and tax exemptionCan sell carbon reduction credits in Tokyo C&T marketBenchmarking system was developed based on the data to promote green real estate market22 building-use categories in 7 ratings

Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for Small & Mid Sized Facilities

39 40

5. Green Building Programfor New Construction

41

Sustainable Requirements for New Development Projects

ConstructionPlanning Operation

District Energy Plan for Efficient Energy Use

Completion Certificate

GHC Plan (Area finalize)

Green Building Program--Plan

Preliminary Execution Design Design

Tokyo Cap & Trade

GHC Plan (Urban Planning)

Report

Building Permission Application

Building Energy PlanUrban Planning Decision

District Energy Supply Plan

Green Building Program—Final Rep.

Report

BEP Renovation)42

Mandatory reporting, rating and disclosure system to improve environmental performance of new buildings

Covers about 40% of new buildings

Target : Newly planed buildings over 5,000 sq. metersPurpose: To create a real estate market where greener

buildings are valued moreRequirement: Building owner is required to employ eco-

friendly design and to submit a “Building Environmental Plan” outlining the building’s environmental performance

Disclosure: The plan is rated by TMG with 3 ratings and displayed on TMG website

Green Building Program (1)

Category Items

Energy Heat load resistance of the building shell

Use of renewable energy

Energy Performance (Shells and equipments)

Efficient operation systems

Resources Material

Usage of eco-materials

Protection of ozone Layers

Longer building life expectancy

Hydrological cycleNatural environment Greening (vegetation,

landscape, etc.)bio-diversity

Heat-Island subject

Atmospheric heat waste

Surface of ground and buildings

Wind environment

Disclosure @ TMG websitePlan with ratings are displayed

Charts display the rated results in 3 ratings

Find buildings from a location map

Items assessed:12 Items


43 44

Green Labeling Program for Condominiums (2005-)Derivative Programs

Low-carbon prerequisitefor Large Developments (2009 )

Developers who want FAR bonus need to get grade 2 or higher in the Green Building Program.

Energy performance certificate

Energy performance Certificate Program (2010-)


45

Change of PAL in Office & Commercial Buildings

Program Effects (1)

AAA rates increasing


46

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

Change in number of (stars) in Green Labeling Program for

Condominiums12 11 10 9 U8STARS

Below 8

Program Effects (2)Green Building Program (4)

Coverage :New Developments with total floor area 50,000m2

Obligations: Submission and Disclosure of the planning information

on energy conservation up to the 180 days prior to the building permission application

Disclosure: Planning information is disclosed by TMG

Launched January 2010

47

District Planning Programfor Efficient Energy Use

For Deeper Green Solution

Beyond “A Building” District Energy PlanEarlier in the Planning StageApproaching both Supply and Demand sides of EnergyDisclose the Information and Promote

48

District Planning Programfor Efficient Energy Use (2)

Deeper Green Measures in Buildings

District Heating &CoolingRenewable Energy

49

7. “Era of Green Buildings”

Low Emission Buildings TOP30

Green Building Era in Tokyo

50

Green Building Era in Tokyo (1)

Energy efficiency, Low energy:

LED lights, energy efficient air conditioning, double-glazed windows, natural lighting, natural ventilation, radiant air conditioning systems

50% lower carbon emissions

High performance buildings in progress

51(Eco-Office Project, SHIMIZU CORPORATION)

Green Building Era in Tokyo (2)Retrofit ProjectsInstalling highly efficient air conditioning & lighting systems.Improve district heat systems …

(Mitsui Sumitomo Marine and Fire Insurance Co. Ltd.)

Mitsubishi Estate Radiant Air Conditioning System

52

TOKYOMETROROLITAN GOVERNMENT

Low Emission Buildings TOP30TMG selected TOP30 low emission buildings based on the policy measures of TMG.

Existing buildings section:Top level facilities in the C&TProgram New building section: High scored buildings in the Green Building Program

53

Green Building Era in Tokyo (3)

Roppongi HillsMori Building Co., Ltd.

Sony CitySony Corporation

Existing Building Section

Tokyo MidtownMitsui Fudosan Co., Ltd.East Japan Railway CompanyMitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd.

54

New Building Section

Marunouchi Park BuildingMitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd.

Techno-StationObayashi Corporation

JP TowerJapan Post Network Co., Ltd.

East Japan Railway CompanyMitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd.

New Headquarters Construction Project, Shimizu Corporation 55

ReferenceTMG Websitewww.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/enf

Tokyo Cap& tradewww.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/climate/cap_and_trade.htmlwww.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/int/TOP30_English.pdf

Low Emission Building TOP 30 in Tokyowww.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/int/top30.html

Green Building Programwww.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/climate/build.html

[email protected][email protected]

Climate Change Policy Headquarters, Yokohama city 1

Countermeasures and Challenges for Global Warming of Yokohama city

November 28, 2013Training for TGO, Thailand

1 Yokohama’s Current Situation and Challenges2 Sectoral Initiatives

(1) Household Sector (2) Business, Industrial and Energy Conversion

Sectors(3) Transport Sector

3 Countermeasures and Challenges for Global Warming and New Perspective

2

Yokohama City Global Warming Countermeasures Action Plan

“Yokohama City Global Warming Countermeasures Action Plan (Regional Edition)” March, 2013

(Mid-term Target)by FY202025% Reduction

(Long-term Target)by FY205080% Reduction

( compared to base yearemission)

Total Volume of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

3

0Base Year FY2010 FY2020 FY2020 FY2050(FY1990) Actual Estimate Goal Goal

200

1,000

800

600

400

2,200

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1,686

1,9272,053

1,267

Reduction :25%

(Unit 10,000 t-CO2))

336

Reduction :80%

“Revision Planned (FY2013)”

(Emission Reduction Target)

Countermeasures are implemented by each sector (Household Sector,

Business, Industrial sector .etc.)

Yokohama City specified “Yokohama City Global Warming Measures Action Plan” In March 2011, and has been devoted to drastic reduction of greenhouse gasses.

4

FY2001 Yokohama City Global Warming Countermeasures Promotion Plan

FY1998 Act on Promotion of Global Warming Measures(Japan’s first step for global warming countermeasures. Clarified responsibilities of government, municipalities, business sector, and citizen)

FY2005 Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan(Reduction target and measures by sector in each sector)

FY2011 Yokohama City Global Warming Countermeasures Action Plan

Regional Countermeasures Administrative Work and Projects

(FY2008 Selected as Eco-Model City)

Action by Yokohama City Action by the Japanese Government

FY2011 Eco-Model City Action Plan

History of Yokohama City’s Global Warming Countermeasures planning

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Yearly Changes in Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Yokohama City

5

FY2011 Provisional FigureGreenhouse Gas Emissions20,030,000 t-CO2(From base year 18.8% increase)(From previous year3.8% increase)

18.8% increase

Gree

nhou

se G

as E

miss

ions

(10,

000t

-CO

2)

Base Year

Emissions

Emissions per person

Gree

nhou

se G

as E

miss

ions

per

Per

son

(t-C

O2/

pers

on)

The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake (1)

6


Lack of Electricity Caused by

the Disaster

Concern ofRolling Blackouts

(Especially in Summer)

Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy& Batteries

Background Current Situation Measures taken byYokohama City

Peak Cut, Peak Shift

Impact on Local governments including Yokohama City

7


Japan’s Energy Mix

Currently, nuclear power is merely used and therefore the country depends highly on thermal power generation. This has led to increase of CO2 emissions from electricity generation. Therefore, it is vital to introduce renewable energy and further promote energy conservation activities.

8

28.6%

61.7%

8.5%

1.1%

2010

1.7%

88.3%

8.4%

1.6%

2012

Nuclear Power

Thermal Power

Hydro Power

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Power

Thermal Power

Hydro Power

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Power

Thermal Power

Hydro Power Renewable Energy Nuclear Power

Thermal Power

Hydro Power

Renewable Energy

Breakdown of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

CO2 Emissions by Sector in Yokohama City/Nationwide

• National breakdown is based on the report on greenhouse gas emissions (actualresults) for FY2011 (press release by the Ministry of Environment).

• CO2 emission factor for electricity is derived from the actual emission factor.

9

CO2 Emissions (FY2011)

19,580 (1,000 t-CO2)

Energy Conversion

Industry

Household

Business Operation

Transport

Waste

Energy Conversion

Industry

Household

Business Operation

Transport

Waste

Manufacturing process

CO2 Emissions (FY2011)

1,241 (million t-CO2)

Yokohama City Nationwide

By sector, Yokohama City has higher emissions from household and lower emissions from industry compared to the national breakdown.

Yearly Changes in CO2 Emissions by Sector in Yokohama City

(Base Year=100)

Compared to the base year, there is 90.4% increase in the business operation sector and 40.1% increase in the household sector. Possible contributing factors include increased floor area due to business concentration and increased number of households etc.

10

Base

Yea

r = 1

00

Base Year(Fiscal Year)

Energy Conversion

Industry

Household

Business Operation

Transport

Waste


(1) Household Sector (2) Business, Industrial and Energy Conversion Sectors

(3) Transport Sector3 Countermeasures and Challenges for Global

Warming and New Perspective

11

Sectoral Initiatives (1) Household Sector

Breakdown of CO2 Emissionsby Energy Source

(FY1990: Base Year)

Breakdown of CO2 Emissions by Energy Source

(FY2010)

12

Electricity

City Gas

Petroleum Fuel

ElectricityCity Gas

Petroleum Fuel


Yearly Growth of Population and Number of Households

13

Popu

latio

n (1

0,00

0)

Base Year

(Fiscal Year)

Hous

ehol

d (1

0,00

0)

Population

Number of Households

• CO2 emissions from household sector are increasing, which are influenced by increasing electricity consumption, which accounts for approximately 60% of total emissions from household.• CO2 emission from electricity is increased 76% in the breakdown of energy source in 2010 compared to the base year.• Concerning the increased ratio of electric power, one reason can be higher dependence on electric power as a result of wider use of home appliances, as well as the growing size and diversity of such products. Population growth and increased number of households in Yokohama City can be another factor.• It is hard to find the actual results of initiatives in households sector.


14

(Examples of Countermeasures)• Improvement of energy-efficiency of houses• Improvement of energy efficiency of housing equipment/ home appliances

Electric heat pump hot-water supply/ latent heat recovery type hot-water supply/ fuel cell, etc.Introducing the Top Runner program for air-conditioner/ TV/ refrigerator/ lightings

• Promoting energy management in households • Wider use of photovoltaic power generation/ solar heat facility

Sectoral Initiatives (1) Household SectorMid-term Target for Each Measure (FY2020) and Estimated CO2 Emission Reduction

15

t-CO2

Estimated CO2 Emission Reduction approximately 1,700,000 ton

526,490

509,414

401,899

133,546

97,752 40,389 4,855

Unit

Improvement of energy-efficiency of houses

Wider use of photovoltaic power generation/ solar heat facility

Promoting energy-saving housing equipment/home appliances

Promoting energy management in households

Promotion of energy-saving for existing houses

Promotion of energy-saving for newly-built houses

Wider use of renewable energy and others

526,490

509,414 401,899

133,546

97,752 40,389 4,855


16

Unit t-CO2

Eco-renovation

Electric heat pomp hot water supply

Eco-renovation

Estimated CO2 Emission Reductionapproximately 1,700,000 tonSunlight/Solar Heat

Insulator

Use of Rainwater Ventilation (Passive Design) Improvement of energy-efficiency of houses

Wider use of photovoltaic power generation/solar heat facility

Promoting energy-saving housing equipment/home appliances

Promoting energy management in households

Promotion of energy-saving for existing houses

Promotion of energy-saving for newly-built houses

Wider use of renewable energy and others

Mid-term Target for Each Measure (FY2020) and Estimated CO2 Emission Reduction

Sectoral Initiatives (2) Industrial Sector

Yearly Changes in CO2 Emissions by Industrial Sector

17

CO2

Emiss

ions

(10,

000t

-CO

2)

base year

Non-Petroleum Fuel

Petroleum Fuel

City Gas

Electricity

(Fiscal Year)

Sectoral Initiatives (2) Industrial SectorBreakdown of CO2 Emissions

by Energy Source( FY1990: Base Year)


(FY2010)

18

73.4%73.4%

Non-Petroleum Fuel

Petroleum Fuel

City Gas

Electricity

Non-Petroleum Fuel

Petroleum Fuel

City Gas

Electricity

Sectoral Initiatives (2) Industrial SectorYearly Changes of the Number of Manufacturing Sites, CO2 Emissions by Industry Sector (with Electricity

Emission Factor Fixed)and GHG Emissions/ total Number of Manufacturing Sites (Base Year 100)

19

Base

Yea

r = 1

00

Base Year

(Fiscal Year)Number of Manufacturing Sites

CO2 Emissions by Industry Sector (Electricity Emission Factor Fixed)

GHG Emissions/ total Number of Manufacturing Sites

Sectoral Initiatives (3) Business Operation

Yearly Changes in CO2 Emissions by Business Operation

20

CO2

Emiss

ions

(10,

000t

-CO

2)

base year

Petroleum Fuel

City Gas

Electricity

(Fiscal Year)



(Base Year FY1990)


(FY2010)

21

Electricity

73.4%

Electricity

73.4%

Electricity

72.1%

Electricity

72.1%

Petroleum Fuel

City Gas

Petroleum Fuel

City Gas

Sector-separate Initiatives (2) Business Sector

22

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Yearly Changes in Total Floor Area for the Business Operation Sector


Total floor area for the business operation sector increased by approximately 60%.

• In the business operation sector, emissions were increased 90% partly due to larger total floor area which increased 60% and due to wider use of office automation.

• In the industry sector, while there are few factors for fluctuations related to regional characteristics (like demographics), it is easily influenced by changes in economic conditions both inside and outside of the region. Certain efforts have been made because energy-saving measures are directly related to profits for the business.

Sectoral Initiatives Business Operation/Industry

23

(Example of Countermeasures)• Improving efficiency in machine operation• Visible energy consumption management• Introducing energy-saving equipment (air-conditioner/ office equipment etc.)• Introducing photovoltaic power generation/ solar heat facility• Implementing energy efficiency audits by specialized organizations

Sectoral Initiatives (2) Business Operation/Industry

24

Unit t-CO2


553,116

351,837

7,236 5,284

Business Operation

119,512

3,000 675

Industry

Energy-saving in business establishments

Energy-saving in buildings

Spread of photovoltaic power generation/solar heat facility

Spread of renewable energy and others





Sectoral Initiatives (2) Business Operation/Industry

25

Unit t-CO2

553,116

351,837

7,236 5,284

Business Operation

119,512

3,000 675 Industry

Climate Change Measures

Planning System

Introducing BEMS, etc.

Use of ipad

Factory Energy Management


Energy-saving in buildings








Sectoral Initiatives (3) Transport Sector

Yearly Changes in CO2 Emissions by Transport Sector

26

CO2

Emiss

ions

(10,

000t

-CO

2)

(Fiscal Year)

Ship

Train

Truck

Passenger Car (commercial)

Passenger Car (private)



(Base Year FY1990)


(FY2010)

27

ShipRailways

Freight Vehicles

Passenger Vehicle (commercial)

Passenger Vehicle

(private)

Ship

Passenger Vehicle (commercial)

Passenger Vehicle

(private)Freight Vehicles

Railways

Sector-separate Initiatives (3) Transport Sector

28

Yearly Changes in Automobiles in Yokohama City

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Number of Freight Vehicles

Number of Passenger Vehicles



29

945,075

39,234 36,538

Unit t-CO2

Improvement of automobilesPromotion of eco drivingOthers




30

945,075

39,234 36,538

Unit t-CO2

Improvement of automobilesPromotion of eco drivingOthers



Sectoral Initiatives (4) Waste Sector

31

Reduce WasteReuse WasteRecycle Waste

Estimated CO2 Emission Reduction approximately 104,000 ton


Beyond the G30 plan Yokohama 3 R Dream (Slim)


(1) Household Sector (2) Business, Industrial and Energy Conversion Sectors

(3) Transport Sector3 Countermeasures and Challenges for Global

Warming and New Perspective

32

New Perspective for Global Warming Measures

Two Pillars in Global Warming MeasuresMitigation and Adaptation

Relationship amongImpact –Vulnerability– Adaptation

33

Increase in greenhouse

gasses

CO2 emissions by the use of

fossil fuel

Changes in climate aspects

Temperature increase, change in

raining patterns, sea level rise etc.

Impact of global

warming

Impact on natural

environment and human society

Mitigation

Control greenhouse

gas emissions

Adaptation

Adjust the state of nature and

human society

Impact

(Example) Frequent

heavy rain Stronger storm

Less vulnerable region(Example)Infrastructure developed, not many elderlies, etc.

Even with the same impact…

More vulnerable region(Example) Infrastructure not developed, many elderlies, etc.

Adaptation measures

Depending on the extent of

vulnerability, the level and details of

adaptation measures will vary

(Example) Focus on implementing human-based measures such as disaster prevention education

(Example) Develop Infrastructure, particularly emergency shelters for households with elderlies

Actions for Adaptation by Yokohama City

Development of Flood Hazard Map

Countermeasures for Heat Stroke

Research and Prevention of Infectious Disease

Countermeasures against Heat Island Phenomenon

Green Curtain

Biodiversity and Others

34

(IPPC general meeting to be held in Yokohama)

In March 2014, Yokohama city will become the first city in Japan to host IPCC general meeting, where the latest knowledge and information on climate change will be assembled from all over the world. Adaptation measures will be one of the main focused topics in the meeting.

*IPCC:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 2007)

Thank you very much for your attention

35

Tokyo Development Learning CenterClick to edit TitleDummy Text2011/11/15

• Established in April 2004• The World Bank and GoJ joint project• Aims at an effective platform for learning, knowledge exchange

& capacity building for Asia and the Pacific• Linking international community and the Japanese knowledge

and experience• A hub of the Global Development Learning Network (GDLN)

GDLN: Over 120 affiliated partners in 80 countries


• E-learning & Structured Programs• Webinars/VC Seminars• Multimedia Learning Opportunities (Video clips, DVDs, etc.)• Face-to-face• Combination of above etc.


• Disaster Risk Management• Global Health• Myanmar• Science of Delivery


“Mainstreaming with WB activity” is steadily increasing…

Demands for TDLC’s services are increasing…

Client Category Distributions

Executed Events and VCs by Numbers

(total 281 / year)

(total 359 / year)

* VCs and HUB suspended 2 months in WBFY2013 due to AMs .

(total 266 / year)


GoJ-WB joint program “Learning from Mega Disasters” (GDLN sessions) in April 2012


• Studio: 55 m2 (Capacity: Up to 5 speakers + 20 participants)• Training Room & Large Conference Room: 55 m2 each

(Capacity: Up to 40 participants per room)• These 3 rooms can be opened up to accommodate 100 guests

• Up-to-date VC and Multimedia facilities

• VC Network Connectivity: WB Network, GDLN Network, SINET, ISDN T1, etc.


Providing Technical Solutions:•••

•

Benefits:••

•••


• 1 Manager• 1 Sr. Knowledge Management Officer• 2 Program Coordinators• 1 VC Specialist• 1 Multimedia + Web Specialist• 2 Assistant Coordinators• 1 Communication Associate

• 1 Resource Management Assistant• 1 Program Assistant• 1 Admin Assistant


• Strategic planning with focusing on priority areas• Stronger collaboration with the Bank HQ & Country Teams• Partnership with other stakeholders (UN, private sector, etc.)• Multimedia, innovation and accessibility


Broaden Reach

12

Tokyo Development Learning CenterClick to edit TitleDummy Text2011/11/15 What Is GDLN?

An interactive, multi-channel global learning network for development

A partnership initiated and supported by the World Bank but now largely self-governed

A growing network of over 120 affiliated partners (GDLN Affiliates), in 80 countries

A facilitator of capacity building, knowledge sharing, and dialogue across distances and time zones

A powerful tool for training, outreach, knowledge exchange and dissemination of good practice.


ASIA PACIFIC

GDLN launched by the World Bank with 14 Centers worldwide. Centers largely funded by the Bank and relying on the Bank’s global telecommunications network

The Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) launched as a Japan-World Bank partnership to help disseminate Japanese expertise and to provide capacity building and program development support to the GDLN in the East Asia and Pacific region.

GDLN South Asia agrees to join GDLN Asia Pacific.

TDLC takes on role as a regional technology hub and platform for facilitating South-South and triangular knowledge exchange

GDLN Asia Pacific Association established with objective of expanding the GDLN partnership and establishing sustainability of the network in the EAP region.

20062000 2009

Evolution of GDLN in the Asia Pacific Region

2004

3 Affiliates in EAP 10 Affiliates in EAP 12 Affiliates+ 1 in-country network in EAP

23 Affiliates + 4 in-country networks300 + points of presence in EAP/SAR

Current


•

•••••

••

Tokyo Development Learning CenterClick to edit TitleDummy Text2011/11/15 GDLN Asia Pacific Affiliates


GDLN Asia Pacific Affiliates (2)

•–––––––

–

–

•

–•

–

–•

–

•

–

•–

•–

Asia Low-Carbon Research Project (S-6 of The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund, MOEJ)

•

•

–

••

Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Yukihiro NojiriTakako Ono

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

[email protected]

1. Basic information on a national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory

2. Gaps in non-Annex I countries for periodical national GHG inventory preparation

3. National System of Japan for periodical inventory compilation

4. Tasks of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Outline of this Presentation

Basic information on a national GHG inventory What is a National GHG Inventory?

• A national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory provides information on emissions and removals of greenhouse gases, which is one of fundamental information for a country to develop and monitor policies and measures on mitigation of climate change.

Basic information on GHG emissions and removals provided by a national GHG inventory are

National total emissions and removals due to anthropogenic causes,

Methodologies how to estimate the emissions and removals

Structure of national system (institutional and procedural arrangement for preparing national GHG inventories)

GHGs to be estimated

Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Dinitrogen monoxide (N2O),Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphurhexafluoride (SF6)

Sectors to be estimated

Energy; Industrial processes; Agriculture; Land use, land-use changes and forestry (LULUCF); Waste

Basic information on a national GHG inventory

What is a National GHG Inventory?

All the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) must prepare and submit their national GHG inventories to the Conference of the Parties (COP).– Annex I Parties:

• Need to submit every year– An Annex I Party’s GHG inventory consists of a National

GHG Inventory Report and Common Reporting Format. – Non Annex I Parties:

• Need to submit biennially as a part of Biennial Update Report from December 2014

Basic information on a national GHG inventory Why are national GHG inventories necessary for non-Annex I countries?

National Demand:Information on the GHG emissions and removals provided by the national GHG inventory is necessary for

Simulating future scenario on GHG emissions and removals for drawing a business-as-usual emission/removal level, and

Monitoring the degree of attainment of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).

International Demand:Decision 2/CP.17 includes a requirement for non-Annex I countries to submit their national GHG inventories biennially as a part of biennial update reports (BUR), if possible to submit the 1st BUR by December 2014.

Periodical national GHG inventory preparation came to be an urgent and important issue for non-Annex I countries.

Basic information on a national GHG inventory:

Gaps in non-Annex I countries for periodical national GHG inventory compilation• Basically, non-Annex I countries have gaps for periodical national GHG

inventory compilation.

• Periodical GHG inventory compilation needs1. National system;2. Documentation;3. Data collection system;4. Sufficient number of experts.

• Annex I countries have these elements, but non-Annex I countries basically do not have them because they were not required to periodically submit their inventories until COP17 decided to require non-Annex I countries to submit their national GHG inventories biennially.

• In order to develop their own national systems, it is good for non-Annex I countries to refer to Annex I countries’ national systems.

National System of Japan for periodical inventory compilation

• Annex I countries have developed their national systems as Article 5 under the Kyoto Protocolrequired. (Decision 19/CMP.1 - Guidelines for National System)

“National System” includes everything relevant to national GHG inventory preparation.

Legal basis,Institutional ArrangementsFlow of Inventory Compilation ProcessQuality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) of Inventory Inventory Improvement Plan

GIO is a part of Japan’s National System.

• Japan’s legal basis is Article 7 of the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures, which stated that:– In order to prepare the inventory prescribed in Article 4,

paragraph 1 (a) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the annual inventory prescribed in Article 7, paragraph 1 of the Kyoto Protocol, the national government shall calculate greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Japan each year, and the results shall be published as prescribed by an Ordinance of the Ministry of the Environment.

2/15

Based on the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

UNFCCC Secretariat

Other Stakeholder Organizations

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Ministry of the Environment (Other sections)

Ministry of Finance Japan

Relevant Ministries

GIO(in NIES/CGER)

Data request

Data request

Data provision

Request for reviewing NIR&CRF

Request for revising

NIR&CRF (QC)

Inventory Submission


Review and approval of estimation methodologies

Committee for the GHG Emissions

Estimation Methods

GHG Inventory Quality Assurance

Working GroupExpert Peer Review of inventory

(QA)



NIR&CRF (QC)

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

Ministry of theEnvironment

(Low-carbon Society Promotion Office, Global

Environment Bureau)

Legally responsible for administrating

inventory compilation

GIO (in NIES/CGER)Actual inventory

compilation

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

National System of Japan

Institutional Arrangement

Data provision

Private Consultants

Process Relevant Entities Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct NovDec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

1 Discussion for improvement MOE, GIO

2Holding the meeting of the

Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods

MOE,(supported by GIO,Private consultant)

3 Data collectionMOE, GIO, Relevant

Ministries/ Organization, Private consultant

4Preparation of draft CRF and NIR GIO, Private consultant

5Implementation of QC and coordination with relevant

ministries

MOE, GIO, Relevant Ministries, Private

consultant

6 Finalizing draft CRF and NIR MOE, GIO, Private consultant

7 Submission and official announcement

MOE, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, GIO

8 QA-WG MOE, GIO, Relevant Ministries

Schedule of Inventory Compilation

PreliminaryFinal

QA/QC activities are key for assuring the quality of GHG inventories.

• Quality Assurance (QA) QA is a review done by experts, who are not involved in the Inventory preparation

and compilation.– GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group implements the QA activities.

• Quality Control (QC)– Control of accuracy and completeness of data– Data archiving– Reference archiving

QC is done mainly by inventory compilers (e.g., GIO, MOE, private agencies).

In addition, Japan established the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Methods in order to promote quality control activities.

National System of Japan:Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)

The Ministry of the Environment and GIO implements Inventory Compilationand Inventory Improvement in close consultation with “Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods”.Committee Members: Approximately 60 external expertsThis Committee is in charge of methodological development of GHG inventory, and determines Japan’s estimation methods on GHG emissions and removals.

6 subgroups (for each sector)

Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods

Energy and Industrial Processes Transportation Agriculture Waste F-gas

Inventory Working Group(crosscutting issues)

LULUCF

National System of Japan Quality Control (QC) activities

National System of Japan: Quality Assurance Working Group

• A new form of quality assurance started in 2009, by inviting experts who are not involved in the inventory preparation process

Requirements for QA-WG review expertsa. No direct involvement in the inventory preparation process for estimating

emissions/ removals from the sectors/categories to be reviewed (i.e., no involvement in the Committee, the data creation and the data provision for those sectors/categories)

b. No specific interests related to the inventory and the capability to judge objectively without being affected by any specific organizations and/or stakeholders.

c. Sufficient skills, knowledge and experiences to assure the quality of the inventory


UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry




Relevant Ministries

GIO(in NIES/CGER)

Ad hoc request

Data provision



Request for inventorycompilationInventory


Environmental Agency

(Climate Change Policy Division, Global Environment

Bureau)

administrating inventory compilation as one of

general duties for climate change policy


Phase 1 (1992-1994)



For Initial NC

Private Consultants


UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry




Relevant Ministries

GIO(in NIES/CGER)

Data request




Ad hoc Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods


Environmental Agency


Bureau)

administrating inventory compilation as one of

general duties for climate change policy


Phase 2 (1996-1998)




Data request

Request for inventorycompilation

Inventory

Data provision

Data provision

For Annual submission

Private Consultants

Request for QC

Request for revision (QC)


UNFCCC Secretariat







Relevant Ministries

GIO(in NIES/CGER)

Data request

Data request





Estimation Methods




Bureau)

Legally responsible for administrating



Phase 3 (1999-2002)

Request for inventorycompilation

Inventory

Data provision

Data provision

Private Consultants

Request for QC

Request for revision (QC)

The Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures was legislated.

Based on the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures


UNFCCC Secretariat







Relevant Ministries

GIO(in NIES/CGER)

Data request

Data request



NIR&CRF (QC)




(QA)


Estimation Methods



NIR&CRF (QC)




Bureau)Legally responsible for administrating



compilation


Phase 4 (2002- )

Data provision

Data provision

GIO was established for KP requirement.

Private ConsultantsBased on the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures


UNFCCC Secretariat







Relevant Ministries

GIO(in NIES/CGER)

Data request

Data provision

Data request



NIR&CRF (QC)





Estimation Methods

GHG Inventory Quality Assurance

Working GroupExpert Peer Review of inventory

(QA)



NIR&CRF (QC)



(Low-carbon Society Promotion Office, Global

Environment Bureau)Legally responsible for administrating



compilation


Current

Data provision

Private Consultants

Domestic– Estimate and compile Japan’s GHG inventory– Collect and archive information and data– Implement quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) activities– Hold the Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG) in collaboration with

MoE– Implement public relations regarding the inventories

International– Respond to inventory reviews conducted by Expert Review Teams organized

by the UNFCCC Secretariat – Support capacity building in other Asian countries’ inventory preparation– Provide support in international negotiations under the UNFCCC (e.g., COP1, COP/MOP2, SBI3 , SBSTA4)

1 COP: Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC2 COP/MOP: Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol 3 SBI: Subsidiary Body for Implementation 4 SBSTA: Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice

What are the tasks of GIO?Our Tasks

GIO estimates Japan’s GHG emissions and removals and compiles National GHG Inventory Report (NIR) and Common Reporting Format (CRF).

NIR contains:• GHG Emission/Removal Trends

(from 1990 until the latest submission year)• Information on estimation of emissions

and removals for each GHGs and each sector (methodologies, used data, results, references, recalculation, uncertainty assessment, key category analysis)

• National System (QA/QC Plan)

The NIR ensures the Transparency of the Inventory

GIO’s Task: Inventory Compilation

Common Reporting Format (CRF)is composed of EXCEL spreadsheets

for reporting detailed quantified information on GHG emissions and removals.

• With standardized format for each sector (categories) and for each year

CRF shall be utilized by all Annex I Parties

CRF enhances Data Comparability among Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC

TABLE 1 SECTORAL REPORT FOR ENERGY Inventory 2006(Sheet 1 of 2) Submission 2008 v1.1

JAPAN

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES CO2 CH4 N2O NOX CO NMVOC SO2

Total Energy 1,185,909.52 60.37 24.27 1,789.81 2,674.49 364.08 749.95A. Fuel Combustion Activities (Sectoral Approach) 1,185,873.63 40.07 24.27 1,789.81 2,674.49 116.40 749.951. Energy Industries 387,049.16 1.60 4.60 265.76 92.38 2.96 219.36

a. Public Electricity and Heat Production 362,822.45 1.46 4.39 232.05 51.48 2.80 180.34b. Petroleum Refining 16,444.18 0.07 0.19 28.64 3.32 0.07 36.83c. Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries 7,782.52 0.08 0.02 5.06 37.57 0.09 2.19

2. Manufacturing Industries and Construction 373,821.30 13.96 8.82 443.77 1,481.39 7.37 273.38a. Iron and Steel 154,132.07 4.20 1.49 50.38 947.89 1.30 41.89b. Non-Ferrous Metals 2,693.94 0.16 0.04 13.25 35.76 0.03 9.16c. Chemicals 58,928.16 0.24 0.93 93.08 10.54 0.22 62.39d. Pulp, Paper and Print 24,216.22 0.88 1.04 55.04 43.09 0.17 33.20e. Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco 8,799.22 0.09 0.09 26.68 2.04 0.10 38.14f. Other (as specified in table 1.A(a) sheet 2) 125,051.69 8.39 5.22 205.33 442.06 5.56 88.60Construction 11,779.70 2.49 0.31 2.12 80.82 3.02 2.70Machinery 8,913.86 0.48 0.29 28.32 3.67 0.47 11.58Glass Wares 1,646.56 0.14 0.03 0.04 0.66 0.15 0.00Oil Products 20,495.34 0.06 0.47 0.01 3.08 0.05 0.00Other Industries 61,674.59 1.73 1.00 67.87 28.11 1.33 45.20Cement & Ceramics 35,353.26 3.70 3.25 107.15 342.65 0.59 29.14Duplication Adjustment -14,811.61 -0.21 -0.13 -0.17 -16.93 -0.05 -0.02

3. Transport 246,802.13 11.16 9.69 876.72 1,035.23 94.03 76.33a. Civil Aviation 11,178.23 0.24 0.36 45.34 18.76 2.81 NEb. Road Transportation 221,895.10 9.66 8.72 503.34 979.84 81.04 76.33c. Railways 645.30 0.04 0.27 16.00 5.42 1.16 NEd. Navigation 13,083.49 1.22 0.34 312.04 31.20 9.01 NEe. Other Transportation (as specified in table 1.A(a) sheet 3) NO NO NO NO NO NO NOOther non-specified NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

(Gg)

TABLE 1.A(c) COMPARISON OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION Inventory 2006(Sheet 1 of 1) Submission 2008 v1.1

JAPAN

FUEL TYPES

Apparent energyconsumption (3) CO2 emissions Energy consumption CO2 emissions Energy consumption CO2 emissions

(PJ) (PJ) (Gg) (PJ) (Gg) (%) (%)Liquid Fuels (excluding international bunkers) 10,011.68 8,204.32 558,187.22 8,387.01 562,296.46 -2.18 -0.73Solid Fuels (excluding international bunkers) (5) 4,822.70 4,805.32 434,927.73 4,790.70 437,041.97 0.31 -0.48Gaseous Fuels 3,746.00 3,729.37 184,415.56 3,765.28 186,535.20 -0.95 -1.14Other (5) NO NA NA,NO NO NO NO NO

Total (5) 18,580.38 16,739.01 1,177,530.51 16,942.99 1,185,873.63 -1.20 -0.70

(1) "Sectoral approach" is used to indicate the approach (if different from the Reference approach) used by the Party to estimate CO2 emissions from fuel combustion as reported in table 1.A(a), sheets 1-4.

(3) Apparent energy consumption data shown in this column are as in table 1.A(b).

(5) Emissions from biomass are not included.

Documentation Box:Parties should provide detailed explanations on the fuel combustion sub-sector, including information related to the comparison of CO2 emissions calculated using the Sectoral approach with those calculated using the Reference approach, in thecorresponding part of Chapter 3: Energy (CRF sub-sector 1.A) of the NIR. Use this documentation box to provide references to relevant sections of the NIR if any additional information and/or further details are needed to understand the contentof this table.If the CO2 emission estimates from the two approaches differ by more than 2 per cent, Parties should briefly explain the cause of this difference in this documentation box and provide a reference to relevant section of the NIR where this differenceis explained in more detail.

(2) Difference in CO2 emissions estimated by the Reference approach (RA) and the Sectoral approach (SA) (difference = 100% x ((RA-SA)/SA)). For calculating the difference in energy consumption between the two approaches, data as reportedin the column "Apparent energy consumption (excluding non-energy use and feedstocks)" are used for the Reference approach.

Note: The Reporting Instructions of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories require that estimates of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, derived using a detailed Sectoral approach, be compared to thosefrom the Reference approach (Worksheet 1-1 of the IPCC Guidelines, Volume 2, Workbook). This comparison is to assist in verifying the Sectoral data.

(4) For the purposes of comparing apparent energy consumption from the Reference approach with energy consumption from the Sectoral approach, Parties should, in this column, subtract from the apparent energy consumption (Referenceapproach) the energy content corresponding to the fuel quantities used as feedstocks and/or for non-energy purposes, in accordance with the accounting of energy use in the Sectoral approach

REFERENCE APPROACH SECTORAL APPROACH (1) DIFFERENCE (2)

Apparent energy consumption(excluding non-energy use and

feedstocks) (4)

SUMMARY 2 SUMMARY REPORT FOR CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS Inventory 2006(Sheet 1 of 1) Submission 2008 v1.1

JAPAN

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND CO2(1) CH4 N2O HFCs (2) PFCs (2) SF6

(2) Total SINK CATEGORIESTotal (Net Emissions) (1) 1,182,050.70 23,663.48 25,575.79 6,618.01 6,323.13 4,348.58 1,248,579.681. Energy 1,185,909.52 1,267.84 7,524.95 1,194,702.30

A. Fuel Combustion (Sectoral Approach) 1,185,873.63 841.48 7,524.83 1,194,239.951. Energy Industries 387,049.16 33.70 1,426.60 388,509.452. Manufacturing Industries and Construction 373,821.30 293.10 2,733.11 376,847.513. Transport 246,802.13 234.31 3,003.34 250,039.784. Other Sectors 177,235.14 279.53 342.52 177,857.195. Other 965.91 0.84 19.26 986.01

B. Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 35.89 426.35 0.11 462.361. Solid Fuels NE,NO 68.12 NE,NO 68.122. Oil and Natural Gas 35.89 358.24 0.11 394.24

2. Industrial Processes 53,885.01 133.03 1,624.72 6,618.01 6,323.13 4,348.58 72,932.48A. Mineral Products 50,514.30 NA,NO NA,NO 50,514.30B. Chemical Industry 3,200.36 115.87 1,624.72 NA NA NA 4,940.95C. Metal Production 170.36 17.16 NO NA,NE 14.82 908.20 1,110.54D. Other Production IE IEE. Production of Halocarbons and SF6 931.80 864.84 1,508.09 3,304.73F. Consumption of Halocarbons and SF6

(2) 5,686.21 5,443.46 1,932.29 13,061.97G. Other NO NO NO NA,NO NO NO NA,NO

3. Solvent and Other Product Use NA,NE 266.41 266.414. Agriculture 15,351.61 12,016.57 27,368.18

A. Enteric Fermentation 7,035.23 7,035.23B. Manure Management 2,471.35 4,733.21 7,204.56C. Rice Cultivation 5,742.87 5,742.87D. Agricultural Soils(3) NA 7,209.78 7,209.78E. Prescribed Burning of Savannas NO NO NOF. Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 102.17 73.58 175.75G. Other NO NO NO

5. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry(1) -91,544.01 26.13 16.96 -91,500.92A. Forest Land -83,388.63 2.48 0.25 -83,385.90B. Cropland 307.27 1.97 14.51 323.75C. Grassland -1,138.75 0.31 0.03 -1,138.41D. Wetlands 181.39 1.27 0.13 182.79E. Settlements -7,808.61 12.54 1.27 -7,794.79F. Other Land 303.31 7.56 0.77 311.64G. Other NE NE NE NE

6. Waste 33,800.17 6,884.87 4,126.18 44,811.21A. Solid Waste Disposal on Land NA,NE,NO 5,392.22 5,392.22B. Waste-water Handling 1,409.28 1,177.81 2,587.09C. Waste Incineration 33,278.97 83.37 2,924.81 36,287.16D. Other 521.20 IE,NO 23.55 544.74

7. Other (as specified in Summary 1.A) NA,NO NA,NO NA,NO NA NA NA,NO NA,NO

Memo Items: (4)

International Bunkers 38,835.02 48.90 350.96 39,234.88Aviation 19,807.71 11.77 194.39 20,013.87Marine 19,027.31 37.12 156.58 19,221.01Multilateral Operations NO NO NO NOCO2 Emissions from Biomass 21,976.73 21,976.73

Total CO2 Equivalent Emissions without Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry 1,340,080.59Total CO2 Equivalent Emissions with Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry 1,248,579.68

(2) Actual emissions should be included in the national totals. If no actual emissions were reported, potential emissions should be included.(3) Parties which previously reported CO2 from soils in the Agriculture sector should note this in the NIR.(4) See footnote 8 to table Summary 1.A.

CO2 equivalent (Gg )

(1) For CO2 from Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry the net emissions/removals are to be reported. For the purposes of reporting, the signs for removals are alwaysnegative (-) and for emissions positive (+).

GIO’s Task: Inventory Compilation

Inventory compilation needs many data for estimating GHG emissions and removals.

Activity Data (AD)Emission Factors (EF)

(and also supporting Data for AD and EF)

Sources of Activity Data are– Published Statistics– Unpublished official data provided from ministries

(/municipalities)– Data provided from industries in a voluntary basis.– Data calculated with a model (AD/EF may not be explicit).

• The Ministry of the Environment of Japan and GIO officially request relevant ministries and organizations to provide data required for estimation.

GIO’s Task: Data Collection

E = AD x EF

Basic Equation for Emission Estimation

Ministries/ Organizations Statistics & Data

Relevant M

inistry

Ministry of the Environment Statistics for waste, etc.Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

General Energy Statistics, Census of Manufactures, etc.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Annual of Land Transport Statistics, etc.

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Crop Statistics, Livestock Statistics, etc.


Statistics of Production by Pharmaceutical IndustryR

elevant Organization

Federation of Electric Power Companies

Amount of Fuel Used by Pressurized Fluidized Bed Boilers

Japan Coal Energy Center Coal ProductionJapan Cement Association Amount of clinker production, etc.Japan Iron and Steel Federation Emissions from Coke Oven Covers, etc.Japan Paper Association Amount of RPF incineration, etc.local public entity Carbon Content of Waste by Composition

GIO’s task: Data Collection

Examples of Statistics & Data

Major data are obtained from

official statistics.

23

GIO’s task: Archiving of information

Archiving of statistics and relevant books in GIO

Archiving information on GHG inventory preparation is important for next inventory preparation.

GIO saved all inventory-related electronic and paper based information on inventory preparation after submission of the annual inventory to the UNFCCC Secretariat.

• GIO provides information related to GHG inventories through GIO’s website:

• http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index.html

• The information includes• National GHGs Inventory Report of Japan, • The GHGs Emissions Data of Japan,• Workshops for capacity building in Asia, etc.

GIO’s task: Public relations on the GHG inventories

• All Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC are required to undergo GHG inventory reviews held by the UNFCCC every year.– The reviews has 3 stages:

• Initial Check,• Synthesis and Assessment,• Individual Review (centralized or in-country).

• GIO responds to the inquiries as the national focal point.

GIO’s Task: Responding to reviews held by the UNFCCC

GIO’s Task: Providing Inventory Reviewers

• All annual inventories submitted by Annex I countries are subject to review.• Number of Annex I countries: 43

• UNFCCC secretariat straggles to organize Expert Review Teams every year for implementing individual reviews due to necessary number of Expert Reviewers.• Necessary number of expert reviewers for an Expert Review Team:

• 12 for a centralized review (2 for generalists and 2 for each sector)• 6 for an in-country reviews (1 for a generalist and 1 for each sector)

• GIO sends GHG inventory reviewers for the process• 4 reviewers for 2012.

• GIO compilers in turn learn how to improve Japan’s own inventory.

• For non-Annex I countries, GHG inventories with reliable time series data are Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable (MRV) indices for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) .

• GIO supports capacity building of other Asian countries’ inventory preparation through:

• Holding Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA)• Lecturing and exchanging comments on current compilation

system and estimation methods.

GIO’s Task: Support of capacity building of other Asian countries’ inventory preparation

Objective:To support countries in Asia to improve the quality of inventories via regional information exchangeOrganizers:GIO and Host Country OrganizationsParticipating Countries:Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and VietnamParticipating Organizations:e.g., UNFCCC Secretariat, IPCC, USEPA, Australia Covered sectors: all sectors in the GHG inventory

Style: Annual workshop since 2003

Funding: Ministry of the Environment of Japan

Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA)

The 11th WGIA held in Tsukuba, Japan

GIO provides support in international negotiations under the UNFCCCSBsCOP/CMPAttending the conferences as members of the Japanese delegation and

providing support in the negotiations on inventory-related items

Inventory-related itemsreporting and review of

inventory information,gases and sources for the

next commitment period,National CommunicationsBiennial Reports,International Analysis and Review,Biennial Update Reports,International Consultation and Analysis, etc.

GIO’s Task: Providing support in international negotiations under the UNFCCC

Summary• National System is a necessary element for periodical national

GHG inventory preparation.

• Organizing a National System for inventory compilation takes long time.

• GIO was established in 2002 as a part of Japan’s national system for GHG inventory preparation.

• GIO’s main tasks are: to estimate Japan’s GHG emissions and removals and compile its GHG inventories in accordance with the UNFCCC requirements; and to respond to international inventory reviews.

• GIO also implements other tasks relevant to GHG inventory, including capacity building of Asian countries. GIO Website: http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index.html

NIR of Japan: http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/aboutghg/nir/nir-e.htmlWGIA: http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wgiaindex-e.html

Thank you for your attention

Overview of Center for Global Environmental Research

November 29, 2013 Katsunori HIROKANE

Our 4 Missions

1. Climate Change Research Program 2. Global Environmental Monitoring 3. Global Environmental Database 4. Supporting global environmental research

Mean CO2 conc. Hateruma Today 2013-11-12 Recent year

401.70ppm 398.93ppm

Mean CO2 conc. Ochiishi Today 2013-11-20 Recent year

399.26ppm 398.66 ppm

Introduction of KITA

KITA is located in International Village Center in Kitakyushu City

Kitakyushu International Techno-cooperative Association

1 Vice President & Executive Director of Training Division : Dr. Masakatsu UENO

Philippines

China

Thailand

Malaysia

Singapore Indonesia

Cambodia Vietnam

2

25 km

30 km 3

Monument of the birthplace of modern steel industry

4

Government announced: Income doubling plan

5

Atmosphere was filled with smoke and dust.

6

/k 2 amount of monthly dust fall

Fuel:Coal

7 8

Industrial Plants Gathering around Dokai Bay

Postcard in 1962 Kitakyushu city came into being 9

movie of 8mm size

appealed serious situation by pollution in Kitakyushu City

Inspection of the local factories

They sent open letter to companies

Lecture of measuring method for air pollution by university professor

- -

10

Kitakyushu Methods

Damage

Knowledge

Complaint Improvement

11

Corporate behavior toward industrial pollution control

It is essential that a local government should put pressure on business owner to get a proper environmental awareness.

12

Agreement on Pollution Control(1967) Air Pollution Monitoring Network (1964,1970)

Measure of the City of Kitakyushu

The first pollution control agreement(Tobata Cooperated Thermal Power Station in 1967)

1970: Kitakyushu-city proclaimed pollution prevention regulation

1972: Agreement on Pollution Prevention was signed with 54 enterprises

1973:Agreement on greening at factory was signed with 54 enterprises

13

Contents of pollution control agreement (Essentials)

To reduce SOx according to the action plan To improve the target figure of SOx by application of new technology To get approval from the administration before setting new action plan To accept the on-the-spot-inspection ay any time

14

1972 Agreement on pollution prevention 15

(1972-1991)

Total 804.3 billion yen

Administration (68.6%)

551.7 billion yen (5.2 billion dollars) City budget(2004)

Private Sector (31.4%)

252.6 billion yen (2.3 billion dollars)

Sewerage 43.0%

Parks/Green tracts of land

14.0% Waste disposal

6.0%

Others 5.0%

Air 19.7%

Water quality 5.3%

Industrial waste 4.6%

Others 1.8%

Expenses spent by the City of Kitakyushu for measures against environmental pollution

(7.5 billion dollars)

16

Improvement of Air Pollution SOx & Dust Falls

[year]

Dust Fall

SOx

17 Blue sky over the Yahata-Shiroyama area

18

Fiscal Year

Production Technology & Maintenance

Vocational Training

Envitonment Management

Wastewater

Energy Saving,Renewable

(Since 1980)

EnvironmentManagement

WastewaterTreatment

ProductionTechnology &Maintenance

Energy VocationalTraining & others

(40 50 courses/year)

Independent Administrative Agency Nonprofit Organization

Relation between JICA & KITA

JICA KITA

CourseLeader

CourseLeader

CourseLeader

CourseLeader

Lecturers

Enterprises

(Local) Government

No Title of CourseIndustrial Pollution Control ManagementAir Pollution Source ManagementWaste Management Technique (A)Waste Management Technology (B)Waste Management Technology (C) for VietnamEnvironmental Technology for Low Carbon SocietyManagement of Composting Project (A)Management of Composting Project (B)Environmental EducationIndustrial Wastewater Treatment Techniques (A)Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology (B) for VietnamOperation & Maintenance of Sewerage System & Waste Water TreatmentTechnique B)Water Environment AdministrationCapacity Development in Waste Water Treatment

List of Training Course in 2013 (Fiscal Year)

Category

Environment management

Wastewater Treatment

Maintenance Management for Productivity ImprovementPractical Technology for Mechatronics & RobotsCleaner Production in Process Industries for Latin American CountriesDissemination of Productivity Improvement Activity in the Latin CountriesPractical Management for Productivity Improvement 1Practical Management for Productivity Improvement 2Promotion of Cleaner Production for Southeast European CountriesEnergy Conservation Technique for India )Energy Conservation Technique for India 2)

Renewable Energy Energy Conservation Technologies for Small & Medium Sized Enterprises in India

Energy Conservation Technology & Machine Condition Diagnosis Techniques forProductivity Enhancement (A)Energy Conservation Technology & Machine Condition Diagnosis Techniques forProductivity Enhancement (B)Policy Planning for Efficiency & Conservation (B)Solar Power Generation Technology (B)Alternative Power Generation Technology for Low Carbon Society (A)Alternative Power Generation Technology for Low Carbon Society (B)Alternative Power Generation Technology for Low Carbon Society (C)Promotion of Energy Conservation in Commercial & Residential Sector (A)Promotion of Energy Conservation in Commercial & Residential Sector (B)

Energy Saving,

Production Technology &Maintenance

Vocational Training for its Application to Business for Central & South America Reinforcement of Administrative Capacity for Food SanitationSmall & Medium Enterprises/Local Industry Activation for Central & SouthAmerican Countries (A)Practical Human Resource Development in Electrical and Electronic Engineeringfor Africa-Aiming at Elimination of Technological Gap between Education andVitalization of Local EconomyCapacity Development for Entrepreneurs & MSMEs Activation in AfricanCountries-(A)Capacity Development for Entrepreneurs & MSMEs Activation in AfricanCountries-(B)

Vocational Training &Others

Relation between GDP and energy consumption

+ +

Reservoir

Combustion Heat

Coal, Oil & Gas Oxygen CO2

Energy

ItemMaterial kJ/mol kcal/mol kJ/g* kcal/g g/g-fuel g/J

Carbon 393 32.8 7.8 3.67 0.11 C+O2=CO2 C( 12g)

Coal 26.6 6.3 2.97 0.09

Fuel oil 11.0 2.6 1.22 0.11 CO2: Caliculated value

Methane (CH4) 888 212 55.5 13.3 2.75 0.05 Major component of LNG

Combustion heat CO2 gasRemakes

* 1kJ/g = 1million J/kg 1cal = 4.19 J

Depletion of Natural Resources Global Worming

Resource Waste

Non renewable Coal

Gas

Oil

Uranium High level-radioactivewaste

Renewable SolarWindWaterGeothermal

Energy saving(Energy conservation)

Category

Zero-emission

Lower-emissionCleanerProduction

Power Generation Source

CO2

For your attention

KITA Homepage:

http//www.kita.or.jp TEL: 093-662-7171

Thank you very much

28

“OECC EXPERIENCES AS INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER UNDERJAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ANDMINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, JAPAN (MOEJ) SCHEMES”

JIRO OGAHARASenior ResearcherOverseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC)

Visit to Japan on Preparation for the Establishment of Climate ChangeTechnical Training Center under JICA Technical Cooperation Project

“Capacity Development on Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation in theSoutheast Asia Region in the Kingdom of Thailand”

(Tokyo, OECC office – 4Dec2013)

1. Introduction of the Organization

2. Introduction of training activities

3. Lessons learned and the way forward

2

Contents

1. Introduction of the Organization

The Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC) is anon-governmental and non-profit organization established in 1990,working in environmental cooperation issues at the global level.

Objective: To contribute in the promotion of global environmentprotection in terms of research study, implementing capacity buildingand participating in international projects in the form of internationalenvironmental cooperation.

Funding: OECC is supported by its member organizations and by theMinistry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ) for the promotion ofinternational cooperation in a non-governmental position.

Many activities are funded and achieved in line with theenvironmental policy of the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministryof Foreign Affairs, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA),Japan Bank for International Cooperation(JBIC), etc. 3

Core activities

OECC currently puts its highest interest on climate changerelated subjects and is providing technical support todeveloping countries in elaborating their national and/orlocal action plans on climate change mitigation andadaptation.OECC promotes the Co-benefits approach which is andeffective approach to address needs to reduce GHGs andat the same time, improve the local environment.By conducting research and participating in internationalenvironmental projects, accomplishments and experiencesare utilized to improve contents of capacity building, andto support policy making of international environmentalcooperation and promotion of new collaborative activities.

4

Organizational Structure

Figure: Organizational structure of OECC, Japan.

Domestic Programs International Programs

5

- Directive unit <5 staff>- Administrative unit

<7 staff>

International Support Unit:

Climate Change –Developing Countries

<18 staff>

Domestic Unit:

- Certification Center onClimate Change, Japan [4CJ]

<10 staff>- Carbon Offset Network

[CO-Net] <7 staff>

Number of staff at OECC

Number of staff at OECC (aprox.): 2 Managing directors, 43 staff( ) Some staff interacts in more than one unit. 6

Structure (cont.)

1) Steering CommitteeThe steering committee agenda addresses items related topreliminary reviews, project planning, or budgetimplementation proposed at the Board of directors. Criticalissues related to OECC activities are also discussed. Regularmonthly committee meetings are held to ensure that OECCoperations run smoothly.

2) Training CommitteeThe Training Committee supports overseas environmentalprotection by developing personnel to grasp the educationalneeds of member’s expertise, and developing effective trainingapproaches. The committee is currently focusing its efforts onplanning, setting up, and implementing OECC seminars andtraining sessions

7

Structure (cont.)

3. Publicity and Information CommitteeThe Committee creates publicity materials for OECC activitiesand handles all publicity-related issues. The committee iscurrently focusing its efforts on collecting overseasenvironmental information, issuing the OECC Journal, andmanaging the OECC website.

4. Technical CommitteeThe Technical Committee studies and develops overseasenvironmental protection technologies and tools, thendisseminates the resulting information. The committee alsolooks at research on technological transfers and internationalcooperation. It is also setting up dialogue sessions betweendispatched experts and committee members to assess variouscooperative environmental approaches.

8

Membership

Corporations engaged in environmental consultancy or environmentalmonitoring/analysis services:

• IDES, Inc• IDEA Consultants, Inc.• Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc• Ex Corporation• Osumi Co.,Ltd• THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOS Co., LTD.• Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.• Suuri-Keikaku Co., Ltd.• Techno Chubu Co., Ltd.• Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd.• Hiyoshi Ecological Services Co., Ltd.• Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd.

9

Membership (cont.)Corporations engaged in the manufacturing or construction of environmental

protection facilities, in production or sale of environmental monitoring equipment, or inother related business entities:

• Daiki Ataka• KAJIMA CORPORATION• Kurita Water Industries, Ltd.• DKK Corporation• HORIBA, Ltd.

Local governments and other non-profit organizations engaged in activities for theconservation of the environment:

• Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Center• Kitakyushu City• Kitakyushu International Techno-cooperative Association• Japan International Cooperation Agency• Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry• Global Environment Centre Foundation• Institute for Global Environment Strategies• The Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry• Japan Quality Assurance Organization• Nippon Export and Investment Insurance• Yokohama city• Japan Environmental Sanitation Center 10

Services for OECC members

The OECC Journal :OECC first issued the OECC Journal in August, 1990. The Journal is currently publishedthree times a year and covers a variety of environmental topics, including overseasinternational environmental cooperation activities, Ministry of the Environment Japan(MOEJ) initiatives, the international community’s approach to environmental issues,independent studies by OECC members, and news from experts dispatched overseas.

Seminars and Training Sessions :OECC holds periodically training seminars/training sessions on updated topics to developthe capacity and human resources.

OECC seminars:OECC seminars are held with the aim of broadening participants’ understanding ofoverseas environmental cooperation and environmental issues.

OECC training sessions:OECC training sessions are primarily directed at OECC members, and are held with theaim of developing participants’ professional expertise in the area of overseasenvironmental cooperation.

11

2. Introduction of training activities

Rationale:OECC conducts capacity building activities (in Japan and in host countries)as a core part of its activities. We believe that training is the first steptowards concrete actions, and the seed for future potential collaborations.

Topics:All issues related to climate change (mitigation and adaptation, policy andimplementation level), with a special focus on Japan’s environmentalinitiatives and international negotiations under the UNFCCC.

Source:Entrusted by the Japanese government (MOEJ, JICA)

Stand-alone capacity-building projectsCapacity building as part of projects

Entrusted by partner countries (MONRE, Vietnam; Australian gov’t )By invitation to give lectures in workshops (in Japan and abroad)Directed to key representatives of host countries 12

Case 1: Asia Pacific Seminar on Climate ChangeCourse title : Asia Pacific Seminar on Climate ChangeSource: Entrusted by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the

Australian Government

Type: This is a 2-day seminar intended to discuss (informally) key topics inpreparation of climate change discussions at the Conference of theParties organized by UNFCCC

Target : • Government officials at focal points that will participate in climatechange meetings.

• Usually experts from renown international research organizations,think tanks, development organizations, and university researchersare invited to share their knowledge

Topics : Usually key topics in climate change discussions: mitigation, adaptation,technology transfer, financing, cross-cutting and policy-level issues, etc.

Outputs : Presentations from experts and the Chair’s Summary, where all thediscussions are summarized, providing conclusions and alsorecommendations

URL: http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/ap-net/13

Case 2: JICA climate change training courseCourse title : JICA – Development of Strategies on Climate ChangeSource: Entrusted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), through

the Ministry of the Environment

Type: This is a 3-phase training course organized first at trainee’s countriesand later in Japan for 5-6 weeks. (As part of Japan’s ODA).

Target : • Government officials working at focal points• Researchers working in climate change issues at national research

institutions• Local government authorities, etc.

Topics : Usually key topics in climate change discussions: mitigation, adaptation,technology transfer, financing, policy-level issues, etc.

Outputs : • Lectures from Japanese and foreign experts, site visits to keynational research institutions, technology developing companies,governmental agencies.

• An “Implementation Plan” prepared by trainees and revised by OECCstaff, aiming at implementation with JICA support.

14

Case 3: JICA mitigation training courseCourse title : JICA – Mitigation of Climate Change in the

Southeast Asia and Oceania regionSource: Entrusted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Type: This is a 3-phase training course organized first at trainee’s countriesand later in Japan for 4-5 weeks

Target : • Government officials working at focal points• Researchers working in climate change issues at national research

institutions• Local government authorities, etc.

Topics : Usually key topics in relation to mitigation actions and low emissiondevelopment strategies, etc.

Outputs : • Lectures from experts, site visits to key national researchinstitutions, technology developing companies, governmentalagencies.

• An “Implementation Plan” prepared by trainees and revised byOECC aiming at implementation through JICA support

15

Case 4: SP-RCC

Course title : Support Program to Respond to Climate Change(SP-RCC)

Source: Entrusted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Type: Program conducted in collaboration with several internationalorganizations (JICA, AFD, AUSAID, World Bank)

Target : Government officials working at focal points of line ministries ofVietnam

Topics : Mitigation, adaptation and cross-cutting issues.

Outputs : • A forum set up for open policy dialogue and discussion,communication about CC issues for all stakeholder (ministries,donors, NGOs and civil society, business sector,…) through seriesof technical meetings (2 weeks x 2 times a year).

• Improved coordination and cooperation.

16

Case 5: Capacity building for NAMAs

Course title : Capacity building for NAMAs in a MRV mannerSource: Entrusted by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ)

Type: • Comprehensive program focusing on readiness for NAMAs.• Design, planning and implementation conducted by OECC

Target : Government officials working at focal points of line ministries ofCambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia and Vietnam

Topics : Mitigation actions (NAMAs), mitigation policies and strategies, MRV

Outputs : • NAMA design in specific sectors and subsectors• Implementation Plan• Institutional Arrangement• Introduction of mitigation technologies• Matching of technologies• Training and site visits in Japan

17

3. Lessons learned and the way forwardHow OECC prepares for a training course :Depending on the entrusting organization, the objectives, contents, andresults may vary but OECC’s course planning and implementation mayhave the following common characteristics. and it advises to:

1. The planning stage :Be clear on the objective of the course: what results do theorganizers want to achieve through the course.Try to determine needs of organizers and trainees beforehand.The Curriculum: Selecting the right subjects and lecturers.Try to be innovative.

2. Selecting the right trainees :Usually we try to balance the number of trainees between youngprofessionals and experienced professionals.When selecting trainees, we value communication skills, vision forfuture career, academic background, open to share experiences,and current activities, rather than an outstanding career. 18

3. Lessons learned and the way forward

3. Key instruments :Inception Report: Gives a glimpse of the trainee’s background,national circumstances, experiences, challenges which usuallyserve as an example to other trainees.Action Plan: We aim at developing a “do-able” (feasible) Action(implementation) Plan, with tools such as the Project CycleManagement, presentations and discussions.

4. Balancing the contents :Introductory theoretical contents, key lectures from experts andreal practitioners from Japan and the world, practical contentsthrough case studies solving, site visits to national researchinstitutions, companies, etc., free time to get involved with theJapanese culture.Although style of lectures depends on each lecturer, we requestinteractive sessions by conducting discussions.

19

3. Lessons learned and the way forward5. Establishing a network :

OECC emphasize in the formation of a network with the trainees.This network has served to create new projects and often times,the former trainee has become a counterpart of new projects.We also had former trainees as lecturers of new courses as well.This network also served to exchange up to date informationfrom host countries, international negotiations under theUNFCCC, new opportunities for collaborative projects, etc.

6. Developing new contents :OECC strives to participate in international events in relation toclimate change (e.g. SB, COP, LEDS, MAIN, etc.) in order to get themost updated information either in relation to contents or inrelation to situation of countries.Very often, OECC organizes internal study sessions in order tokeep the staff updated with the newest information and to fosternew skills.

20

Flow of curriculum planning

Invitation / request:- G.I. revision- Objective- Outputs- Target

Informationcollection:- Topics- Trainees info- Inception

reports

Subjects (what ) :- Intn’l policy- Workshops info- Country surveys- Literature- research

Subjects (who) :- OECC staff- Local lecturers

(partner orgs.)- International

lecturers

Curriculumadjustment

Course execution

Monitoring:- Feedback

trainees- Checkpoints- Gral. Evaluation

21

Curriculum: How subjects are selected

Overall Goal and Outputs Main contents Subjects

OG: Implement a plan for GHG emissionsreduction and/or adaptation to climate change,in order to achieve a low carbon society andsustainable development

(1) To identify policy and technical challengesfor climate change issues in participants’respective countries and organizations

- Theoretical lectures- Discussions

- Inception reportpresentations

- Case studies

(2) To understand integration andmainstreaming of climate change issues intosustainable development policies

- Theoretical lectures- Discussions- Site visits

- UNFCCCnegotiations

- Policy issues

(3) To understand how national communicationsincluding GHG inventories are prepared

- Theoretical lectures- Exercises

IGES/IPCC specialists

(4) To understand methodologies to prepare aGHG inventory

- Theoretical lectures- Practical lectures

IGES/IPCC specialists

(5) To understand mitigation and adaptation toclimate change

- Theoretical lectures- Case studies

- NAMAs- NAPs

(6) To share the Action Plan in respectiveorganizations

- Planning andelaboration of theAction Plan

- PCM- AP elaboration

22

The way forward

• OECC will continue to work gathering, analyzing and developingthe newest contents in order to provide up to date informationfor future training courses.

• OECC training courses served as a seed for collaboration withtrainees, and ultimately with corresponding organizations, indifferent areas.

• By congratulating our colleagues at the Thailand GreenhouseGas Management Organization (TGO) in their endeavor tocreate a state-of-the-art training center in Asia, we commitourselves for future collaborative opportunities.

23

Thank you very much for yourattention.Please visit our Information Platform!

http://www.mmechanisms.org/e/index.html

24

Miguel Jiro OgaharaOverseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC)[email protected]

Science and Policy Linkage in Practice - a Case of IGES -

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp September 2013

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Takashi OtsukaInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

IGES Outline 2013

IGES Science and Policy Linkage in Practice - a Case of IGES -

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 2013

International Research Institute which conducts practical and innovative research for realising sustainable development in the Asia and the Pacific.

IGES charter signed in Kyoto in 1997 in the occasion of COP13.

Researchers from diverse countries other than Japan (about 1/3 of staff : non-Japanese).

About IGES



Organisational Structure in 6th Phase

3



IGES’s Mission

4



Targets in the 6th Phase

5



6

[Climate Change] • Asian Co-benefits Partnership (ACP) • International Research Network for Low Carbon

Societies) (LCS-Rnet) • Low Carbon Asia Research Network

(LoCARNet) • Asia Pacific Adaptation Network (APAN) • Japan Climate Leaders' Partnership (J-CLP)

[Sustainable Consumption & Production]• Regional 3R Forum in Asia• Global Research Forum on Sustainable

Production and Consumption

[Natural Resource Management] • Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) • Asia-Pacific Water Forum (Water Knowledge

Hubs)

[Sustainable Cities]• Environmentally Sustainable Cities (ESC) High

Level Seminar/ ASEAN ESC Model Cities Programme

[Cross Cutting]• Asian Environmental Compliance and

Enforcement Network (AECEN)• Asia-Europe Environment Forum (ENVForum)• Sustainable Development Planning Network for

Asia-Pacific (SDplanNet-Asia&Pacific)• Clean Asia Initiative (CAI) • Asia-Pacific Forum for Environment and

Development (APFED)• Committee for IIASA

Involvement in important initiatives and Networks in Asia



7

7

Proposals at COP19UNFCCC CDM Executive Board adopted a joint proposal on Standardised Baseline by IGES and Ministry

of Environment of CambodiaIGES, WRI and Overseas Development Institute (ODI) launched joint report on comparative study of

climate finance

Organised 11 side events at COP19IGES organised 11 side events incl. official UNFCCCevent on knowledge gaps on climate policy implementation,Asian action for 2 target, Adaptation, and transition toLow-carbon resilient cities, etc.

Outreach activities in JapanCOP19 feature website for Japanese audience

Translated IISD’s Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) into JapaneseFlash report by providing a series of online commentaries

Organising open seminars and symposium to report COP19 results in a timely manner

Outreach at UNFCCC COP19

UNFCCC official side event by IGES (18 Nov.)



Contribution to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC)

8

MOU with UNFCCC secretariat forjoint activities including developing databases, conducting research and event, etc

(April 2008 & October 2012)

Download number of database is more than 50,000 per year and many citations are in research papers.

Becomes as a partner institute for the Nairobi Framework Partnership under the UNFCCC (April)

Joint Workshop on CDM with IGES/ADB/UNFCCC

IGES National Registry Database


IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 2013 9

Contribution to the IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)TFI Technical Support Unit (TSU)

Established at IGES in 1999

TSU supports to publish internationalguidelines for the calculation and reporting ofnational greenhouse gas emissions andremovals Nobel Prize award ceremony (Nov 2007)

Two IGES staff were contributed to the IPCC Working Group 3 as reviewers.

IGES outputs were sited in the 2nd Order Draft of WG3

Related events towards the IPCC 38th Session (Mar.2014 in Yokohama) areplanned: Jointly organised by IGES, Japanese Ministry of the Environment,Kanagawa Pref. Gov., Yokohama City and Sapporo City



Collaboration with UNEP

10

Global Outlook on Sustainable Consumption and

Production Policies

GEO 5 Global Environment Outlook

Sustainable Consumption and Production: A

Handbook for Policy Makers

IGES/SCP developed the overall concept and wrote several chapters

IGES co-hosted UNEP International Resource Panel Meeting held for the first time in Asia. (Tokyo, November 2012)

•Published in June 2012

•IGES contribute to the Chapter of Asia Pacific as main author

•The report was regionally presented at join session between UNEP and IGES at ISAP2012 (July 2012)



Collaboration with ADB

11

Co-publish Report on Resource Efficient Economics in Asia

Joint Research on diverse areas - CDM, Recycling Business, Energy Efficient Housing, Climate Change Mitigation Measures and Gender, etc.

Collaboration with Asia Leadership Program on

Secretariat as Asian Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Network ( AECEN).

AECEN Regional Forum

March 2012



Collaboration with ASEAN

12

Boosts support for the ASEAN ESC Model Cities Programme

Organise High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities in cooperation with ASEAN Secretariat

Under the East Asian Summit Environmental Ministers Meeting (EAS EMM) framework

4th HLS ESC (Hanoi, Viet Nam, March 2013 )



Collaboration with Multiple International Organisations

Established October 2009

First regional network under Global Adaptation Network(GAN)

Operates with core partner institutes (AIT-RRC.AP, SEI and IGES) under UNEP with the aid from MOEJ, ADB

It works closely with 5 sub-regional and 3 thematic nodes.

13

Co-hosting regional hub for Asia Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Network (APAN)

Prime Minister of Thailand at Kick-off Meeting(October 2009)

3rd Adaptation Forum (March 2013)



Japan-India private-public initiative: Research Partnership on Low-carbon Technology

14

TERI The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

Japan-TERI joint research to promote energy efficiency and low-carbon technology application in Indian enterprises, resulting in primary energy savings, CO2 emissions reduction and other cost savings.

Implemented as one of the ODA activities funded by JICA/JST.

Appropriate heat pump technologies for GHG reductions are identified and pilot projects were carried out.

In Jun. 2013, an Electric Heat Pump (EHP) system was successfully installed at Milk Plant, Chandigarh as the first of its kind in India.

Electric Heat Pump (EHP) system was installed at Milk Plant (Chandigarh, India)



Community Carbon Accounting (CCA) Action Research Project (REDD+)

15

Objective – Develop approaches to engage local communities

in monitoring biomass changes in their forests

Assumption – Participation in forest monitoring will help

communities make good decisions about their forests and increase their understanding of proposed REDD+ activities

FY2012 highlight: Development of community-based forest biomass monitoring training manual

– Based on on-the-ground experience of IGES and partners in 5 countries – Will provide guidance for a training of trainers to implement the CCA

concept – Strong demand for manual expected: E.g. LEAF offered financial and

technical assistance for manual development; Wants to use manual in Laos and Vietnam

REDD+ projects: A review of selected REDD+ project designs

(English and Japanese)



Collaboration with Asian countries

16

In Jul. 2012, IGES signed MOU with the Bangladesh Institute of Microfinance (InM) to promote collaboration in addressing the linked agendas of poverty alleviation, resilience and climate change adaptation.

Bangladesh: Micro Finance Financial Innovations for Building Resilient Societies

Myanmar: Contribution to promoting Green Economy IGES is involving in the Green Economy Green Growth Myanmar Forum(GEGG) every year.

A MoU between IGES and Myanmar Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry is currently being reviewed by the Government of Myanmar.

Proposal for Myanmar’s Green Growth Strategy is planned in 2014.

Indonesia: Climate Change Program Loan Monitoring Activities IGES session at the 3rd GEGG (Nov. 2013

IGES has conducted monitoring activities on the attainment status of Government of Indonesia’s climate change policy actions covered in policy matrix. (Commissioned work from JICA)

Awarded as “The JICA President Award” in this regard.

MOU with the Bangladesh Institute of Microfinance (InM) (Jul.2012)



International Forum for Sustainable Asia and the Pacific (ISAP)

17

Aiming to facilitate diverse discussions on sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific, with the participation of front-line experts and diverse stakeholders from international organisations, governments, business and NGOs ISAP2013

Date & Venue: 23-24July 2013, Yokohama, Japan. Co-organized by IGES and UNU-IAS Collaborators: UNESCAP, UNEP, ADB. Participants: about 1000 people

Theme " Paving the Way for a Sustainable Asia-Pacific: Regional Perspective on Green Economy

Science and Policy Linkage in Practice - a Case of IGES -

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp September 2013

THE END

18

THE END

Thank you very much

December 2013

Shuzo Nishioka Secretary General, LoCARNet

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

1

Low Carbon Asia Research Network -Bridging Science and Low Carbon Policy

Achieving Development for Low Carbon Societies

1

To limit within 2 from the pre-industrial era with certain possibility, upper limits are >33% 880GtC >50% 840GtC >66% 790GtC Already until 2011, 515GtC has been emitted. So, only 275GtC allowed for 2 target. cf. 2013 emission 9.9GtC

if it continues, 30 years to go, and dead end!

2 (IPCC 5

CO2 only

CO2+other fctors

NIES

Cumulative total anthropogenic CO2 emission from 1870 (GtCO2) Linear relation to temperature rise

Temperature limit decides upper limit of CO2/GHG emission

Why Low Carbon Society?

• Low carbon society, Low carbon economy, Post carbon Society, Zero emission Society,,

• Global Scale : Science base, AR5 eventually zero emission • International context: 2 target 2050 ½ reduction globally 2 tCo2 /Capita cf. Japan 10 t/Cap now Thailand 7-8 China 5 India 1.3 urgent to avoid lock in

Huge challenge of 21 Century

Japan: GHG emission reductions of 80% by 2050: An enormous transition towards an unexplored type of society

Applying IAM to the real policy process: The rad map o 2050

GDP and greenhouse gases: coupling decoupling

Oil crisis

Onset of financial crises

Rapid economic growth

Japan’s asset-inflated “bubble economy”

GHGs

15%(Compared to 1990 level)

Future GDP: Based on scenarios A and B from the NIES Low Carbon Society Research Project 2050


25%(Compared to 1990 level)400

80% Reduction

Equal emissions/cap

4 4

1950 2000 2100

4

Applying IAM to the real policy process: The rad map o 2050

Oil crisis

Onset of financial crises

Rapid economic growth

Japan’s asset-inflated “bubble economy”

GHGs


Future GDP: Based on scenarios A and B from the NIES Low Carbon Society Research Project 2050


25%(Compared to 1990 level)400

80% Reduction

Equal emissions/cap

Turning Point

5 5

4

1950 2100 2000

Can we realize such LCS? • Possible, but

• Need to mobilize all the stakeholders in all the sector and places by all the

strong policy • Need long term perspective /planning over 50-100 years

• Base: Energy demand reduction Low carbon energy + Sequestration • Technological Innovation, Industrial structure change, infrastructure

investment , transportation system, energy demand/supply integration • City is a key

• Investment and finance : green investment

• Chance for leapfrog development

Elements of actions to realize a low carbon society

Technologies: Energy production technologies, end-use energy saving technologies, system integration of supply-demand technologies, etc. Social infrastructure: transportation system, Urban infrastructure, etc. Human resources: active participation by policy makers, engineers, citizens participation, etc. Institution: Support of market penetration, Funding mechanism, international/regional/national mechanisms such as carbon tax, emissions trading, etc. Social capital, and lifestyle: Lifestyle specific to certain community, Energy efficient and low material consumption,

Population explosion will cease except in the South Asia region, while some countries’ populations will begin to shrink

4621

3404

882 692404

(thousands)Mitchell International Historical Statistics (2007)

and UN, World population prospects (2006)

2050

Past Future

Asia 40 years into the future

Population: rise and fall

From Matsuoka, 2009 8

People are still concentrating in urban areas, with most Asian urban areas still in the transition stage

Singapore 100%Brunei 87% S.Korea 86% Malaysia 78% Philippines 76% Japan 73% N.Korea 73% Indonesia 68% Mongolia 67% China 62% Pakistan 50% Myanmar 49% Thailand 47% Maldives 46% VietNam 43% India 41% Bangladesh 39% Laos 38% Cambodia 37% SriLanka 30% Nepal 29% Bhutan 20%

In 2030

UN, World urbanization prospects (2007)

Past Future


Continuing Urbanization

From Matsuoka, 2009 9

Dependency ratios of population will change drastically over the next forty years

Japan 95.9%S.Korea 83.6%Singapore 78.4%Thailand 64.2%China 63.9%SriLanka 62.9%VietNam 57.2%Indonesia 56.4%Myanmar 56.2%Mongolia 53.1%N.Korea 53.0%Malaysia 52.9%Bhutan 51.6%Brunei 50.2%Maldives 49.4%India 48.5%Pakistan 48.4%Philippines 48.4%Bangladesh 48.1%Nepal 48.1%Cambodia 46.7%Laos 44.0%

Past Future

In 2050

UN, World population prospects,2006


Aged society is coming

From Matsuoka, 200910

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Cargo Freight

Passenger

Mega cities

RuralLocal cities

population

Per Capita TransportationCO2 Emission

How to change land use ? Land-use planning and transportationReduction strategy depend on local specification

11 12

Source: Local Development WG team

Now aged society in problem

Future compact city

after 40 years : result of rapid infrastructure construction

1212

Transition Model Snap shot modelScenario, Storyline

Passenger/Freight Transportation demand model (parameter estimate of trip generation, modal share using statistics on person trip, traffic flow, freight flow and others. Service demand estimation assuming technology and behavior change)

Energy supply and demand balance model (adjusting seasonal/daily energy balance of electricity, heat, and hydrogen supply and demand considering infrastructure development)

Household production/Lifestyle model (identify effects of consumer behavior considering change of age/type of household/ environment-oriented preferences on energy service demand, transportation trip demand by econometric methods and estimate impacts of intervention scenarios)

Energy technology bottom-up model (technology selection of energy supply, conversion, consumption using econometric/engineering/management methods)

General equilibrium model (investigate feasibility, economic impacts considering general equilibrium of approx. 40 services including energy at service and labor market with support of other models)

Element models for Japan low carbon society project developed by Prof. Matsuoka (Kyoto Univ.)

http://2050.nies.go.jp

Need Tools for long-term planning

Supply side LC energy

Demand side energy reduction

Final energy demands

Primary energy supply

Coal Oil Gas

Biomass

Nuclear

Solar and Wind

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

2000(Actual)

2050(Scenario A)

2050(Scenario B)

Primary Energy Consumption (Mtoe)

Coal Oil Gas Biomass Nuclear Hydro Solar and Wind

Seconday energy demands (Mtoe)

Industrial ResidentialCommercialTrans. Prv.Trans. Frg.

- 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2000

2050A

2050B

Industrial Residential Commercial Trans. Prv. Trans. Frg.

Decrease of EnergyDemand

0

500

1,000

1,500

202016

Specialist WG discussions incorporating the results of interviews with concerned parties concluded that it is possible for Japan to achieve its reduction targets by building up existing technologies expected to be used in countermeasures.

Ensure all newly built homes and buildings use advanced insulation and energy saving designs/features50 to 70% penetration of high-efficiency water heater in households30 to 40% penetration of building energy control systems 10 to 20% penetration of PV power in households

Steadily popularize state of art best-available-technology in the worldFuel conversion to natural gases

<Demand Sector Image>

Popularize refrigerating machines that use natural refrigerants, etc.

40-50% improvement of passenger vehicle efficiency(ownership basis; including EV/HV)

EV/HV: 1 out of every 2 new car salesCar sharing utilization rate: Increase from 0.3% to 1% of urban populationEco-driving in practice: 20 to 30%

Actual 2020

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2005 MIJ SB Share

CCS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2005 MIJ SB Share

Industrial Structure change induces possibility on 80% reduction in 2050

Primary energy supplymillion ton OEq

GHG emissionmillion ton CO2eq

17

MIJ ShareSBMade inJapan

sharingService Brand

Vision of Society in 2050

1990 emission

Vision of Society in 2050

HydroNuc

NG

coal

oil

Non energyEnergy shift

Transport

OfficeResidentindustry

CCS

17

Asian advantage: Still able to design efficient infrastructure to avoid lock-in

Modal share of motorised private mode

50,000 GDP/capita (USD)

Source: IEA (2008)

* Tokyo * Munich

* Paris

* Hong Kong

* NY * San Francisco

* Rome * Copenhagen

* Los Angeles

* Kuala Lumpur

* Ho Chi Minh City

* Manila

* Beijing

18

The ELIICA: 4 PASSENGER SEDAN

370km/h MAX.SPEED

Can Japanese technology survive in this major system transition

period?

Prof. Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Keio Univ.

Requires no know-how of internal combustion “Small Hundreds”

car makers coming into EV market

in China

19 PLATFORM by SIM-Drive

No engine; only motors in every wheel

From Toyota to Pansonic?

20

Example of Leapfrogging Asia

Country Domestic factors External factors

Industrial structure

India:IT industry

Education/human resources

Soft technologyGlobalization

Energy structure

Japan:Low energy intensity

TechnologyRapid growth

Oil crisisEnergy security

Urban structure

Singapore:Transportation, water, housingTokyo:Public transportation

Small land areaStrong leadership

Rapid urbanization

Relationship with Malaysia

In advance of auto age

Distributed energy

India:Renewable energy, biomass Brazil: Ethanol

Poor power grid investment; land area

Sugar cane, scarce oilInformation

China:Mobile phones

Rapid economic growth, big land area,Not enough com-grid

IT technology

Renewable energy system

China:Wind/solar energy

Vast land area Climate change

Agriculture Low energy use Self sufficiency Energy price21

China/ASEAN India

Long-term trends in energy intensity (energy/GDP)

Japan’s leap-frog in Oil Crisis

Possibility of Asian countries’ Leapfrog leveraged by Climate Change

– How can we facilitate technological leap-frogging to promote low carbon development?

– What kinds of mechanisms (international/national, market/non market) could facilitate leap-frogging to low carbon technologies?

Opportunities for Asia: Freedom from past track of highly energy-dependent technologies

22 22

Thank you very much for your kind attention!

grace of nature

Future climate regime JICA-TGO, COP19 discussion

IGES Headquarter Hayama, Japan Dec 5th, 2013

Future climate regime

• Thematic topics – Mitigation

• Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)

– Workstream 1: Post-2020 framework – Workstream 2: Pre-2020 action – Long term finance

• Market mechanisms – Adaptation – Loss and damage – REDD+

Outline

• ADP at COP 19 • Climate finance at COP 19 • IGES work

Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)

Durban Agreements (2011 at COP17) • Ad hoc Working Group on Durban Platform for Enhanced

Action (ADP) = A process to develop a future comprehensive framework applicable to all Parties

To adopt a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention as early as possible and no later than 2015 To be come into effect and implemented in 2020

Workstream 1 To raise the level of ambition

Workstream 2

5

ADP Emissions (Ambition) Gap

Gap between Emission path consistency with the 2 degrees goal Emission levels under the current pledges

6

• How to fill the gap? • How to raise the level

of mitigation ambition? UNEP 2010

2015

Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform (ADP) 2020201420132012

Implementation of the Cancun Agreements (2010) Developed countries’ mitigation pledges Developing countries mitigation actions (NAMAs) , REDD+, market-based mechanisms Long-term finance (100 biliion per year) Loss and damage

Rati-fica-tion

Entry into the force

2015 Agree’t

UNFCCC

7

ADP Workstream 1 “Post-2020 framework”

Workstream 2 “Pre-2020 ambition”

COP19 COP20 COP21

Implementation of the Cancun Agreements (2010)mDeveloped countries’ mitigation pledges oDeveloping countries mitigation actions (NAMAs) , o REDD+, markett-based mechanisms Long-term finance (100 t biliion per year) Loss and damage n

Consider elements

of the 2015

Agreement

influence

Negotiating text before

May

Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment Period

Key Decisions under Workstream 1 at COP19

• Further elaboration of elements for a draft negotiating text, beginning at the first session of ADP in 2014

• Process of communicating mitigation contributions – Invite all Parties to initiate or intensify domestic preparations for their

intended nationally determined contributions and to communicate them well advance of COP21 (by the first quarter of 2015 by those Parties ready to do so)

– To identify the information that Parties will provide when putting forward their contributions

– Without prejudice to the legal nature of the contributions

8

Key Decisions under Workstream 2 at COP19 • Urge each Party that has not yet communicated emissions

reduction targets or NAMAs, to do so; • Urge each developed country to implement its emission

reduction targets (Cancun pledges)• Urge each developed country to periodically adjust, resolve

and remove conditions of the Cancun pledges, • Urge each developing country that has submitted NAMAs, as

appropriate, to consider further action • Accelerate the work plan

– To intensify the technical examination of opportunities for actions with high mitigation potential

– To facilitate the sharing among experiences and best practices of cities and subnational authors

– To invite Parities to promote the voluntary cancellation of CER 9

Quick assessment of COP19

• General direction of discussion in the following COPs – Process of communicating mitigation contributions with

timetable – Actions and work plans for raising the level of ambition

• Lack of concrete progress and clarity – Information on mitigation contributions – International process to clarify and understand each

Party’ mitigation contribution – Key question of how to make nationally-determined

contributions comparable and ambitious enough to be compatible to the 2 degree C goal

10

Climate Finance

Climate Funds

$1.4b

$1.6b

UNFCCC

GCF $$$$$

GEF

GEF Trust FundGEF4(2006-2010) $$$GEF5(2011-2014) $$$$

LDCF $

SCCF $

AF $

UN REDD $UN-agencies

World Bank

CIFs

CTF(2009-2012) $$$$

SCF(2009-2012) $$$$

PPCR $$ FIP $$ SREP $

CarbonFinance Unit

FCPF $

PMR $

The EU

Kyoto Protocol

GCCA $

GEEREF $

CBFF $

Fund size<$500M $$500M-$1B $$$1B-$2B $$$$2B-$10B $$$$$10B- $100B $$$$$

AF: Adaptation Fund (69)CBFF: Congo Basin Forest Fund (21)CIFs: Climate Investment Funds CTF: Clean Technology Fund (413)FCPF: Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (7)FIP: Forest Investment Program (18)GCCA: Global Climate Change Alliance (48)GCF: Green Climate FundGEEREF: Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (13)GEF: Global Environment Facility (238)LDCF: Least Developed Countries Fund (167)PMR: Partnership for Market ReadinessPPCR: Pilot Program on Climate Resilience (192)SCCF: Special Climate Change Fund (41) SCF: Strategic Climate FundSREP: Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program (28)UN REDD: United Nations Collective Program on Reducing Emissions from Deforestration and Forest Degradation (12)

General

Mitigation

Adaptation

REDD+

Fund type

European Investment BankAfrican Development Bank

Australia IFCIAusAID

ICIBMUGermany

Brazil BNDESMAI

FA

Guyana GRIFMultiple donors

Japan FSFJICA

Norway ICFINORAD

UK

IFCI

ICFDFID DECC General

REDD+

Fund type

BFI Fund AusAID: Australian Agency for International DevelopmentBNDES: Brazilian Development BankBMU: Federal Ministry for Environment, Natural Conservation and Nuclear SafetyJICA: Japan International Cooperation AgencyNORAD: Norwegian Agency for Development CooperationDFID: Department for International DevelopmentDECC: Department of Energy and Climate Change USAID: US Agency for International Development

IFCI: International Forest Carbon InitiativeMAI: Mata Atlantica InitiativeFA: Amazon Fund (Fundo Amazonia) (89)ICI: International Climate InitiativeGRIF: Guyana REDD+ Investment Fund (12)FSF: Fast-Start FinanceICFI: International Climate and Forest InitiativeICF: International Climate FundGCCI: Global Climate Change InitiativeUS GCCIUSAID

$0.2b

Development Finance Institutions

Sub-regional and national• Largest National Development Banks• Sub-regional development banks;

(Development Bank of Latin America);• Smaller players, like the Mexican

Nacional Financiera (NAFIN)

$69b Bilateral• Agence Francaise de Development and

Proparco (AFD)• KfW Entwicklungsbank and DEG (KfW)• Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)• Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)

$15b Multilateral• The World Bank Group• Regionally oriented agencies, like

AfDB and ADB• Entities without a banking basis, like

the EU

$38b

$122b

Private sectorCommercial institutions• Profit-driven investment banks• Carbon brokers and funds• Banks and insurance companies

$21b Other intermediaries• Venture capital funds• Private equity funds• Infrastructure funds

$1.2b Private sector actors• Corporate actors • Institutional investors• Project developers• Households

$201b$224b

$359b

Adaptation

Mitigation (including REDD+)

Government budgetsCarbon market revenues $2b Carbon taxes $7.3b General tax revenues NE

$12b

$22b

$337b

Note: Figures are expressed in USD billion for the latest year available (2011 or 2012).Source: CPI, 2013

Funding approval in 2012 (USD million)

Global climate finance in 2012 Annualized additional investments needed in 2010-2020

$490b

No estimates

Annualized additional investments needed in 2010-2050

$70-100b

$910

Source: IEA, 2012 Sources: IEA, 2012; Word Bank, 2010

BFI

Fund

Financing gap

0.4% of the global total

From Doha to Warsaw • Mid-term finance support (2013-2015)

– A weak commitment: at least the average annual level of the FSF period for 2013-2015 (COP18)

– No quantified, mid-term milestones (Warsaw) – Pledges made since COP 18 amounted to USD 27.8 billion,

short of the commitment of the Doha Gateway Country Amount EU EUR 1.7 billion from EU budget in 2014-2015 France EUR 2 billion between 2013 and 2015 UK GBP 1.8 billion in 2013 and 2014 Norway USD 500 million for REDD+ and USD 355 million for EE and RE Denmark USD 88 million for 2013 Sweden USD 400 million for 2013 and USD 1.2 billion of climate ODA Finland USD 64 million and EUR 0.5 million for running costs of the GCF Germany EUR 1.8 billion in 2013 Norway, UK and US USD 280 million for World Bank’s BioCarbon Fund to 2020 7 EU countries USD 104 million for the Adaptation Fund

Japan Support to developing countries totalling 1.6 trillion yen, about USD 16 billion from 2013 to 2015 (USD 3 billion of private finance and USD 13 billion of public finance)

US GCCI’s FY2013 and FY2014 budget request was USD 769.5 million and USD 836.7 million Cumulative amount (2013-2015) USD 27.8 billion

Long term finance • No progress on LTF negotiations at COP 19

– Pathways for mobilizing climate finance seen as a very political issue

– Developing countries call for mid-term targets or quantified pathways to the USD 100 billion target

– Developed countries rejected quantified pathways and some indicated that no financing commitments would be made in Warsaw

– Challenges: • Absence of an agreement on burden-sharing among developed

parties • Limited knowledge on private finance (attribution, tracking, scale) • Constraints imposed by budgetary practices, rules and laws in relation

to public finance • Lack of common definition of what comprises climate finance

The Green Climate Fund

• Warsaw decisions – Adopted the arrangements between the COP and

the GCF – Initial guidance to the GCF:

• Balance the allocation of resources between adaptation and mitigation

• Pursue a country-driven approach • Take into account the urgent and immediate needs of

developing countries that are particularly vulnerable

2014 Work plan of the GCF • Resource mobilization

– A phased approach: commence an initial resource mobilization process asap and transit to a formal replenishment process

– The Initial resource mobilization should reach a very significant scale (-/CP.19) – First two board meetings: completing the essential requirements for the GCF

to receive, manage, and disburse financial resources

• Readiness and preparatory support – Initiate work on operationalizing a readiness phase – GCF readiness programme: needs-oriented capacity building support on all

aspects of institutional and strategic preparation for the GCF

• Country ownership – Open a call to start the processes of designating a National Designated

Authority or focal point (preferably before June 2014)

The Standing Committee on Finance

• The first biennial assessment and overview of climate finance flows – Timescale 2007-2012, with a focus on FSF – Assessment against criteria/goal:

• FSF • Thematic balance • Geographical distribution • 2 degree goal • Country needs/priorities/ownership • Access modalities • CO2 impact/performance

IGES Work

IGES COP 19 Proposal 1. A consortium of respected research institutes should be established

with a view to providing benchmarks to which Parties can refer when proposing their initial commitments and against which each Party’s relative contribution to the 2°C target will be assessed.

20

2. To enhance ex-ante clarity and comparability of Parties’ commitments, the Consortium will also provide a common and clear template for information on mitigation commitments that Parties will complete ex-ante.

3. A limited number of Parties—for example the G20 member countries—will be requested to complete the common template and go through an international consultation process with a view to amending commitments to meet the required aggregate contribution for the 2°C target.

Timelines for the international consultation process proposed

21

Reflections • Three advantages

– Build upon the existing initiatives of research institutions A concerted action in the research community, further policy

impacts – Be integrated into the current institutional arrangement for

generating, exchanging and reviewing information, though additional COP decisions will be required

– Contribute to the mainstreaming of existing mitigation science into the target setting process.

• Caveats – While the proposed process is up to 2015. How can the proposed

approach be dynamically applied beyond this period? – Information is important but not everything. For example, incentive

mechanisms to provide Parties with material interests, as well as a compliance and enforcement system, can also play a part. These components should be considered in an overall picture of a post-2020 framework

22

IGES climate finance work • The access of Asia countries to climate funds

– Policy brief: Operationalizing the GCF: Enabling Asian Access (forthcoming)

• The effectiveness of climate finance at the country level – Japan’s Fast-start Finance – A journal paper: Ex-post analysis of China’s energy

efficiency policies in the industry sector (to be submitted)

• South-south flows

Our publications Kuramochi, T., K. Tamura & M. Shrivastava (forthcoming). Perception gap on climate finance between

developed and developing countries: Lessons from fast-start finance. IGES-TERI working paper Yu, Y. and K. Tamura (forthcoming). Financing energy efficiency NAMAs: China’s efforts to reduce national

energy intensity. IGES working paper. Yu, Y. and K. Tamura (forthcoming). A synopsis of the Green Climate Fund: What are the areas of

convergence and divergence? IGES working paper. (2013)

Yu, Y. (2013). Landscape of China’s energy efficiency finance. In Y. Qi (Eds.) Annual review of low carbon development in China: 2013. Beijing, China: Social Sciences Academic Press (Chinese).

Fukuda, F. and N. Shimizu (2012). Designing adaptation finance for the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and opportunities drawn from existing multilateral funds for adaptation. IGES working paper-CC-2012-04.

2012 MRVIGES Policy Report 2011-05.

Kuramochi, T., N. Shimizu, S. Nakhooda & T. Fransen (2012). The Japanese fast-start finance contribution. IGES-WRI-ODI working paper.

Usui, K and C. Martinez (2011). SMEs: low-hanging fruits for greener growth. Asia-Pacific Techmonitor Journal, Nov-Dec 2011 Issue

2011

2010 MRV IGES MRV IGES 2009

1

SVRK Prabhakar1, Le Thi Thu Huong2 & National Collaborators

1Task Manager, Adaptation Group, NRM Area, IGES, Hayama, Japan 2Regional Hub, UNEP Asia Pacific Adaptation Network, AIT, Bangkok,

Thailand

Presented at JICA Training, 5th December 2013, IGES HQ, Hayama, Japan

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Hayama, Japan

www.iges.or.jp

Background of the TNA project Overarching issues with capacity building in CCA in the AP region Underlying principles Overall Process Discussion

2

Duration: since Sept 2010 Expected outputs

Country level TNA reports 5, one each from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia and Nepal

A synthesis report comprising of Analysis on current issues with adaptation training in the AP region, Process and draft modules Policy suggestions

Finalization Piloting of the training modules and evaluation Revision of modules based on pilot outcomes

3 4

3 steps:

Training Needs Assessment (TNA)

Drafting Training Modules

Piloting of Training Modules

Vulnerable sectors:

• Agriculture

• Water for agriculture

Five target countries: • Cambodia

• Lao PDR

• Mongolia

• Bangladesh

• Nepal

5

TNA preliminary meeting (1st TNA Meeting) Preliminary TNA done by national partners (training institutes )in targeted countries Expected result: TNA preliminary report TNA review meeting (2nd TNA meeting): end of February 2011 – Bangkok Detailed TNA done by national partners in targeted countries with monitoring by APAN Expected result: TNA comprehensive report

Training Modules Drafting Workshop Training Modules Finalization Workshop Targeted participants: national partners, CCA experts, pedagogic experts

6

From our experience of working on climate change adaptation and capacity development and education in the Asia-Pacific region

7

Several forms both by governments and non-governmental agencies

Linked to recruitment processes: Induction training: Probationers’ training or before entering the job On-the-Job training (OJT): While on-the-job

Ad-hoc training: not linked to recruitment processes Most of the training programs organized as and when certain capacity building projects are available

8

Who is providing training?Professors at universities (predominant countries), Trainers at specialized training institutes (few countries and ministries), Developmental workers at non-governmental organizations including networks and consortiums

Who is being trained? Administrators in government departments Policy makers (Elected representatives) Field workers, researchers, and developmental workers.

9

Few number of training institutions and programs Often fragmented/lacks coordination Movement of staff across different ministries and sectors No information on how many were trained, who needs to be trained, and on what aspects. No national level targets, timescales and strategies! Little understanding on what knowledge and skill areas are needed for effective mainstreaming of adaptation at different levels: Few or no TNAs done to date Trainings are often limited to ‘class room sessions’ with more focus on ‘information flow’ (knowledge?) with little or no emphasis on imparting skills relevant for the job No reflection of knowledge and skills imparted vis-a-vis duties of various staff in their real world work. So, often the trainings makes little or no matter for the staff after they go back to their duties.

10

Institutionalissues

Pedagogic issues

Most universities teach meteorology, climatology, and risk management in their basic and applied variants.

Agro-meteorology Agro-climatology Hydro-meteorology Medical climatology Urban climatology Risk management in financial, business, IT and engineering sectors Biology (e.g. species structural and behavioral adaptation)… Sociology and political sciences: social and institutional adaptations to changes (non-climatic)

Some of them include different aspects of change in climate and risk, both long-term and short term.

11

This situation may be changing slowly as more and more departments in universities are offering higher degrees/research in adaptation

12

Climate Change

Adaptation to Change

Natural Resources

(Climatologists)

(Socio., Biol.)

Climate

Adaptation to Change Agriculture

The process of designing training?

A training program

Generalization vs specialization: Tasks are specific, subjects/sectors are numerous and no one-fit-all training program works. Who will administer training? How much to train? The syllabus burden! Limited resources: Limited time of the staff for training (max 1 week). In what knowledge and skill ratios? Mainstreaming a specific module with the existing training programs may address all the above issues: Do we have successful examples?

13 14

15

Cognitive domain (mental or knowledge)

Affective domain (attitude and belief)

Psychomotor domain (physical skills)

©

©

©

16

Autonomous learning Anticipatory learning

17

Skills and tools at different places?

©

No one-fit-all: Not one program but we need several programs targeted at specific sectors/subjects/staff/professionals Adaptive: review and revise at regular intervals with changing times Flexible enough to rekindle innovation at the local/institutional level Practical: Consider the existing resources and have plans for future resources Incentives: capacity building and other resources to help implement the program Participatory: Involve national HRD ministries & institutions etc. Differentiated/targeted: Each hierarchy of officers are trained on their specific expected roles Inclusive: Addresses institutional and on the job responsibilities & issues.

18

19

Induction training

On-the-job training

1 week 1 day

1 day 3 days

At places with well established training programs

Current Future (example) (1) Agro-climatic conditions (1) + climate change trends and

projections (2) Crop management practices (2) + drought resilient crop

management practices

Option I: Create a framework for proper regular training programs that includes adaptation concerns Option II: To prepare stand-alone modules with a plan to regularize them eventually when formal training systems are put in place Both strategies involve lobbying at policy level for allocating additional resources and preparing proposals for external funding for implementation

20

At places with no training programs/ad-hoc systems

21

State level: e.g. DG

District level e.g. JD

Group of villages e.g. AEO

Village level e.g. VAO

Knowledge Skills Strategic planning

Practices (crop prod.)

V&R Assessments

Needs assessment, Program drafting, piloting, and review and revise

22

23

a) Planning: Identify target group/s, areas

etc

b) Data collection: Where are we now and what is ideal?

c) Analysis: What are the gaps (training

needs)? ©

Domain expert I: E.g. Agriculture expert

Domain expert II: Climate change adaptation expert

Pedagogy expert: Expert who knows how to impart training

In

24

Stage 1a) Understanding the current status Skills and knowledge (Form I, II, & IV)

Trainers Those who will need to be trained (agriculture officers and other departmental technical personnel)

Training Environment (Form III)What physical facilities exist for imparting training

25

Stage 1b) What is ideal?Needs to be identified with the help of climate change, adaptation and domain experts in each country (since it is specific to each specific country).

Desk review of adaptation literature by each country partner to identify what adaptation activities are necessary in agriculture sector. Focus on specific crops as/if necessary.

Stage 1c) Compare the above with the survey outputs and identify gaps.

Tabulation would be much useful method of comparing

26

Issue Existing (evaluation from survey)

Ideal* Gap (Training Needs)

Knowledge •What is climate change?

•What are climate change impacts in the country?

•What agriculturalpractices help?

•What is Climate change vulnerability assessment?

1. Do not know 2. Not exactly known

•Agriculture sector in Bangladesh will undergo losses

•Crops such as rice and wheat are most vulnerable

•Integrated crop management, System of rice intensification are important

Knowledge onclimate change impacts not known

27

Sources for identifying ‘ideal’: national adaptation plan of actions, scientific publications from local/national/regional research institutions, etc.

28

Issue Existing (evaluation

from survey)

Ideal Gap

Skills How to implement practice x?

• Cannot do entirely

• Can do partially

Able to do Skills for practicing/teaching/training certain aspects are missing/not fully familiar with.

Environment • Classroom facilities

• Laboratory/field facilities

• Funds • Personnel

(number)

Sufficient/not sufficient

Estimate in consultation with pedagogic experts/trainers

Difference between existing and what is needed

Training module design workshop in July 2011, Bangkok.

Precipitate all the above processes at a single place and convert each gap into measurable and verifiable training objectives with the help of pedagogic experts. Output: Draft modules [to be eventually perfected in a collaborative process over email and by peer review]

29

Country Training module Days (sessions)

Induction In-service Bangladesh 1. Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officers (DAE)

2. District and Upazilla (Sub-District) level Ag. Off. 3. Policy Makers

5 (10) 2 (10) 2 (10)

5 (20) 5 (20) 4 (15)

Cambodia 1. PDA district and commune level 2. GDA-national level 3. PDA Province level

7 (6) 4 (5) 7 (9)

20 (7) 14 (7) 20 (9)

Lao PDR 1. Provincial agriculture officers a) Integrated water management b) Soil management c) Integrated pest management d) Paddy cultivation

2. District agriculture officers a) Animal feed management b) Concepts of climate change adaptation

- - - - - 1 (4)

4 (10) 2 (3) 1.5 (3) 3 (7) 2 (3) -

Mongolia 1. Entry level agriculture officers 2. Implementation level agriculture officers 3. Senior agriculture extension officers

3 (15) 2 (10) 1 (8)

2 (9) 2 (8) 1 (7)

Nepal 1. Implementation officers 2. Frontline extension staff 3. Policy makers

0.5 (2) 0.5 (2)

1 (5) 1 (4) 0.5 (2) 30

There is a dearth of country and location specific knowledge pertaining to climate change impacts, projections and practices that will help improve the adaptive capacity.Mandates: Most personnel in government departments do not have mandate to work on CCA. No incentive to get trained on CCA. Country training practices vary widely and hence one-fit all training programs doesn’t work. For most part, the knowledge and skills imparted remained close to best management practices that have been advocated before. There is a dearth of resources and institutional commitment to design and implement training on climate change adaptation. Lack of country capacity building frameworks and human resource development plans make the modules unsustainable, no guarantee that they will be revised.

31 32

Contact: [email protected]

IGES capacity development and network operations for low-carbon

Societies

5 December 2013

Tomoko IshikawaLoCARNet Secretariat, IGES

Contents

• What is LoCARNet ? • Potential contributions to CITC• Expectations on CITC

LoCARNet: Low Carbon Asia Research Network

An open network of researchers, research organisations, that facilitates formulation and implementation of science-based policies for low-carbon development in Asia

3

LoCARNet - Four characteristics (1)

Network of leading researchers/research organisations who are deeply involved in low-carbon growth policy processes in AP region.

Science-Science-Policy Dialogue: LoCARNet promotes research for policies towards low-carbon growth by organising dialogue sessions among/between scientists and policy-makers.

4

LoCARNet - Four characteristics (2)

Ownership of knowledge by countries: LoCARNet encourages collaboration amongstresearchers in-country whose scientific knowledge are firmly grounded in their home countries.

Regional Collaboration: LoCARNet aims to increase in research capacity in AP region through knowledge-sharing, in the scheme of south-south regional cooperation.

5

Origins of LoCARNet

• Japan/IGES proposed the establishment of LoCARNet at ASEAN+3 EMM held in October 2011 in Cambodia.

• LoCARNet was launched at the side-event of East Asia Low Carbon Growth Partnership Dialogue in April 2012 in Tokyo.

LoCARNet Assets

NIES IGES

AIM/LoCARNet Experts in Asia

Policy Research Institute

17th AIM International Workshop,17-19, February 2012

LoCARNet

How can we get to low-carbon societies?

8

Implementation on

the ground

Implementation

measures

Economic evaluation

Reduction scenario

development

Target

Actions taken by each stakeholder Govt./Local govt./Business/Citizen

- Legal system - Economic policy - Education and PR activities

- Cost quotation - National economic impact - Energy security - Co-benefit

Green investment / Finance / Burden-

sharing

Social infrastructure

design (soft/hard) Technologies

Feed-back

IAM

GHG Inventory

Overall research procedure of LC development approach

Integrated Assessment

Model Visions Scenarios

Actions /Blueprint

Roadmap /Implementation Plan

Planning Stage

Implementation Stage

AIM/LoCARNet Experts in Asia

LoCARNet Activities

New! Synthesis Report of LoCARNet 2nd Annual Meeting

• Viet Nam • Thailand • Indonesia • Malaysia (Iskandar)

Cambodia, Lao, Myanmar CB Workshop (February 2014, Cambodia)

Growing importance of actions towards low-carbon growth in Asia

1990

2008

2050

Source: Presentation by Dr. Mikiko Kainuma (Nov. 2011) 11

GHG

emiss

ions

per

cap

ita

Time

Developed Countries High Energy

Locked-in Type Development

With High Damage on Economy and Natural System

Developing Countries Leapfrog

Development

Modeling Sustainable Low-Carbon Asia

“Asian Low-Carbon Society Scenario Development Study” FY2009-2013, funded by Global Environmental Research Program, MOEJ

LCS scenario in Asia

12 http://2050.nies.go.jp/index.html

CoE

CoE CoE

CoE

Funding Organisations/donors

Center for Low Carbon Asia StrategiesAlliance of Centers of Excellences (COEs) for Low Carbon Development Strategies in Asia

Based on South-South knowledge-sharing

Forestryagriculture land-use

Low carbon cities

Universities/ Research Organisations

Knowledge Sharing/Education/Training

Energy /technology

Low carbon development policies

International Organisations

Joint Study

Policy Dialogues

Research community

Economic evaluation

WSs Web

Inventory/ MRV

Messages • LoCARNet – researchers’ network – hopes to

conduct further cooperation with TGO/CITC by supporting TGO/CITC develop training materials,dispatching researchers and experts to the courses, and making inputs for ASEAN policy-makers.

• LoCARNet can introduce LoCARNet experts to CITC in a way to promote south-south knowledge- sharing.

• LoCARNet expects CITC will be one of the Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in ASEAN region leading knowledge sharing/education/training.

Thank you very much for your attention! LCS-RNet/LoCARNet Secretariat http://lcs-rnet.org/index.html c/o Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan

E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +81 (0)46 855 3809

15

Formulation of low-carbon growth policies - Process, data, knowledge, tools and methods -

16

Overall research procedure of LC development approach using the AIM

17

Analysis of Alternative LCD scenarios and

measures

Try and error to keep consistency and unity

among Socio-Economic policies and

LCD targets

Quantification of Socio-economic Visions and

GHG emission

Qualification of Socio-economic Vision

Setting framework • Area• Base year• Target year• Covered sectors• Actors/Players • LCS target

• Demography• Lifestyle• Economy• Transport• Building• Resource

efficiency• Energy strategy• Power supply

Quantifications of parameters:• Population• Final demand • Transport parameters• Energy service

demand generation• Energy device share• Power supply

assumptions

Evaluation of Scenarios / measures:

• Transportation system• Energy service demand

generation• Energy device share• Power supply options• Renewable energy• Carbon sink• etc.

Design LCD Actions and Roadmaps from

the analysis

Capacity development operations on MRV Transport Sectors

Sudarmanto Budi Nugroho [IPSS Researcher: Sustainable Transport] Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Integrated Policies for Sustainable Societies – Cities Section 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115 Japan

Objective Core Activities Progress Follow-up

FY 2013 – Project Overview of MRV Transport Sector

Objective• Develop MRV Methods and Tools

MRV Methodology Lesson from CDM towards the JCM/BOCMTools a. Policy/Project oriented City wide (integrated policy)b. Simple format: Excel based c. Open access

• Capacity DevelopmentWorkshop Seriesreal case study (data from participants) E-learnings E-learning Materialstools and learning by doing with real case study!

4

Identified issues –lesson from CDM

1. How to simplify existing CDM methodologies?

2.Cost-effectiveness data and its impact on Estimationreliability?

3. How to transfer accumulated capacity based fromCDM experiences of private project proponents togovernment agencies implementing transport NAMAs?

How to simplify transport MRV methodologies?

• Use of default values• Benchmarking• With/Without monitoring (Top Down/Bottom Up)• Adjustment of initial values after verification

STEP 1use of initial default

values(ex-ante estimation)

STEP 2With / Without

Monitoring (Top-down / Bottom-up)

STEP 3adjusted values

(ex-postverification)

Tools for Transport NAMAs

One solution for policymakers

Climate finance mechanisms could provide funding and technical support to help manage transport challenges in projects 1) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 2) Green Climate Fund (GCF) for Nationally

Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) However, challenges exist in Measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

TEEMP tool which 1. Evaluates the impact of mobility plans/ low carbon

transport plans on CO2 emission 2. Quantify the co-benefits of implementing such

transport plan ( fuel consumption, air pollution, safety benefits and travel time savings)

3. Assess the adequacy, comprehensiveness and governance related issues

4. Provide guidance on investment packages

Motorization in Asia’s developing megacities has increased sharply, contributing to - traffic congestion, - air pollution, - climate change

Currently working on case studies using the tool in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietname

With the TEEMP tool

Need for leap frogging to sustainable transport projects

Tools and E-Learning Materials Workshop on MRV Transport

• 26 – 27 November 2013

• Focus on urban transport project BRT

• Capacity development for local city staffs

• To produce E-learning materials. In collaboration with Clean Air Asia Initiative and Development Learning unit the World Bank Tokyo.

Workshop on MRV Transport Capacity development for local city staffs (8 participants)a. 7 Participants invited from 5 cities and 3 countriesb. 1 Self-funded participants

E-Learning Products

• The video will be uploaded by Mid December 2013

• It will available through various website and channel such as:

a. IGES website: www.iges.or.jp

b. Clean Air Asia: www.cleanairinitiative.org

• It will also available on Youtube

Final Workshop on MRV Transport – FY 2013

Sharing city’s experience on doing GHG Emission Calculation on Transport projects

Tentative schedule: 4-6 February 2014 (in Manila)

Sharing Experience among cities (use same tools to estimate GHG emission from transport sector):a. Bandung – Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) – BRTb. Palembang – Trans Musi Palembang (TMP) – BRTc. Ho Chi Minh – Subway (MRT) and BRT Projectsd. Makati – Walkability and BRT projectse. Pasig city – EV Bike

Thank you !

[email protected]

Low-Carbon City Initiatives in Japan

Ryoko Nakano [IPSS Task Manager] Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Integrated Policies for Sustainable Societies – Cities Section2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115 Japan

“Cities as ‘motors’ for sustainable development” (Rotmans et al, 2001)

“Cities as ‘hubs’ for extreme innovation” (Ernesten et all, 2010)

“Local communities as the scale at which behavioral changes can most directly be influenced” (Bulkeley and Betsill 2005)

Local Government

National Government

Regulations Standards, Codes, etc.

Integrated Local Initiatives Design and Implementation

Government

Residence

Choices in purchasing products and technology

Choice of Lifestyle Energy efficiency , recycling

Household

• Electric appliances • Automobiles • Residential building• Power generator, boiler

Consumers

New Business Model

buildings

Energy user

Energy supplier

Energy saving service provider

business

businesses

Low Carbon Growth Based on Concerted Actions by Government, Businesses and Consumers

Future Cities

Eco-cities initiative

Future Cities Initiative

Advisory committee

National Initiatives for Low Carbon Cities -cities Initiative

Voluntary work by cities interested in becoming a member of the future cities initiative or the eco cities initiative

• Low carbon • Revitalizing

regional economies

• Environment (low carbon, waste,)

• Aging society (health, welfare, childcare)

• Economic growth • International cooperation

Reference : July 2013 Future Cities Initiative

Support innovative projects already conducted by the cities

Selected successful cases that can be introduced overseas

31 locations in all

Cities affected by the Great Earthquake

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

Number of projects

National Initiatives for Low Carbon Cities -cities Initiative

Selection Criteria

Keywords for the proposal Compact city Streamlining the Transport Infrastructure

Changes lifestyles Enhance renewable energy Protects and utilizes forest

Items Requirements

Substantial reduction of GHG emissions

50% reduction by 2050 Enhance energy efficiency by 2020

Innovative Unique and innovative model

Enhances regional characteristics

Takes into consideration regional characteristics

Feasibility Wide participation of multiple actors (citizens, private sector, academia, NPOs etc.)

Sustainable Developed under a long term perspective.

National Initiatives for low carbon cities - Eco-cities Initiative

Number of projects affiliated with the keywords below 4

14

20

4

20

National Initiatives for low carbon cities - Eco-cities Initiative

Tokyo Metropolitan Government – Climate Change Action Plan Target: businesses that use 1,500 kiloliters or more per year of fuel, heat, or electricity Required: Submission of written plans indicating their emission reduction targets. Procedure: Over a period of six years, the businesses receive regular guidance on Progress. Is combined with a cap and trade system to enable large reductions in total emissions.

Local Initiatives for low carbon cities

Chiyoda Ward – Climate Change Action Plan Target: Mandatory for businesses with Over 300 employees Required: A written paper on activities On environmental education and Local contribution Procedure: Good papers will be Commended and placed on the Chiyoda ward website as well as Brochure shown on the right


Increase Reduce Use

Within Kawasaki Outside of Kawasaki>

2 8

complement 42

Kawasaki Mechanism

10


Before After

GHG emissions reductions outside of Kawasaki

Emissions Emissions

Public private partnerships with the municipal taking the lead

11


National gov

Public buildings schools, library Municipal

Utility (SPC)

Partner (Municipal)

Partners (construction)

Partners (operations)

Partners (financing)

Gunma Nakanojo - Municipal Utility

Municipal Utilities pursuing low carbon

“urban development” by using renewables in their energy mix


Y-Port

13

Key messages

- Cities are the hub for innovation - National Initiatives have sought to support city led projects in low

carbon development - Local governments have been instrumental in developing capacity in

their municipality - Their experience can be transferred overseas by - dispatching professionals - offering training through workshops - receiving officials from overseas conducting joint research

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization)

Climate Change International Technical and Training Center: CITC

1

Contents

• Introduction to TGO

• Introduction to CITC

• Discussion Issues and Further Collaboration

2

3

Introduction to TGO

TGO Introduction

4

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization): TGO

-Established in 2007, under Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

-Designated National Authority for CDM implementation (DNA-CDM)

-Assistant Co-Secretariat for Office for the National Committee on Climate Change (NCCC)

-Technical Supporting Agency for Climate Change Mitigation

- Being the National Information Clearing House of Greenhouse Gas

-Enhancing the capacity building of the government and private sectors on greenhouse gas management

4

• The target groups properly apply the knowledge to their work place which driven to low carbon society development

• The target groups have climate friendly mind and change their behavior to low carbon life style

Goal

55

TGO: GHG Management Program (GMAP)

• GHG Management• NAMAs and MRV• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)• CDM-Programme of Activities: PoA and Coordinating/

Managing Entity: C/ME• GHG Protocol, ISO 14064 and Carbon footprint• GHG Inventory Audit• Designated Operational Entity (DOE)

Example of provided training topics

Total no. of trainees

(2009 - 2013)≈ 3000

• JICA Phase I (Jan. 2010 – Jan. 2012)Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in Thailand

10 Trainers (in CDM, Carbon Trading UNFCCC Structure and

Negotiations, GHG Mitigation in relevant

sectors, Carbon Footprint, GHG

Inventory)

66

TGO: GHG Management Program (GMAP)

Moving forward from National project on “Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for

GHG Mitigation in Thailand” to

“The establishment of Climate Change International Technical and Training Center:

CITC”

77 8

Introduction to CITC

• Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) (TGO)

• Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

9

Objective

Targets

To establish a technical and training center to enhance the capacity of ASEAN stakeholders to move towards low carbon society

Mitigation/Adaptation related government agenciesAcademic institutionsPrivate companies General public

“Enhancing the capacity of stakeholders to move towards low carbon societies ”

Climate Change

Mitigation(including GHG Inventory) Adaptation

Sustainable Development

Low Carbon Society

Achieving

Carbon Reduction, Good Quality of Life, Environmental Friendly

10

• In-depth training and hands-on approach• Integration of Mitigation and Adaptation•Train of Trainers (ToT)• Policy Recommendations• Climate change Network

Mission • Provide capacity development in the field of climate

change mitigation and adaptation.• Facilitate and promote of climate change networking

platform • Develop knowledge hub and information dissemination

center of climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Key approaches

11

TGO Board

CITC Sub-Committee

CITC Director

TGO Capacity Building & Outreach Office as

Secretariat

JICA

Japanese Researchers

eg, IGES, NIES, OECC

International Cooperation

eg, USAID, GIZ

Supporting Organizations for CITC activities in

Thailand Focal points of CC in ASEAN

countries

CC networks eg, Low Carbon Asia

Network (LoCARNet)

ThailandASEAN & other

countries

Implementation Structure

12

Workplan (5 years)

13

2013 2014 2015 2016 20171 Institutional arrangement for CITC

2Curriculum development on climate change for training participants from Thailand and ASEAN countries

3 Implementation of training program 4 Development of E-learning system

5Development of network in Thailand and ASEAN countries on climate change

6Knowledge management on climate change (knowledge hub)

7Public relation and knowledge dissemination on climate change

No. ActivitiesYear

Institutional arrangement

Institutional arrangement

1.1 Official launch CITC

1.1 Official launch CITC

1.2 Work plan and

schedule of activities

1.2 Work plan and

schedule of activities

1.3 Sub-committee meetings

1.3 Sub-committee meetings

Curriculum development on climate change

for Thailand and ASEAN

Curriculum development on climate change

for Thailand and ASEAN

2.1 Training curriculum on

climate change

2.1 Training curriculum on

climate change

2.2 Training materials

2.2 Training materials

2.3 Tools for GHG

mitigation assessment

2.3 Tools for GHG

mitigation assessment

2.4 Lessons learned report/

evaluation report

2.4 Lessons learned report/

evaluation report

3. Implementation

of training program

3. Implementation

of training program

3.1 Training Program

3.1 Training Program

3.2 Participant

lists

3.2 Participant

lists

3.3 Skillful trainer

resources

3.3 Skillful trainer

resources

3.4 Evaluation

report

3.4 Evaluation

report

4. Development of E-learning

System

4. Development of E-learning

System

4.1. CITC e-learning

system

4.1. CITC e-learning

system

4.2. Evaluation

report

4.2. Evaluation

report

5. Development of network in Thailand and

ASEAN countries on climate

change

5. Development of network in Thailand and

ASEAN countries on climate

change

5.1 Climate change

networks

5.1 Climate change

networks

5.2 Lessons learned on

climate change

implementation

5.2 Lessons learned on

climate change

implementation

5.3 workshops/fo

rums on CC knowledge, know-hows

5.3 workshops/fo

rums on CC knowledge, know-hows

5.4 Evaluation report

5.4 Evaluation report

6. Knowledge management on climate change

(knowledge hub)

6. Knowledge management on climate change

(knowledge hub)

6.1 CITC website as a

resource pool on climate

change

6.1 CITC website as a

resource pool on climate

change

6.2 Up-to-date information on

CITC official website

6.2 Up-to-date information on

CITC official website

6.3 Evaluation report of website

6.3 Evaluation report of website

7. Public relations and knowledge

dissemination on climate

change

7. Public relations and knowledge

dissemination on climate

change

7.1 PR activities/campaigns on climate

change

7.1 PR activities/campaigns on climate

change

7.3 PR and knowledge disseminati

on

7.3 PR and knowledge disseminati

on

CITC Activities & Outputs

14

15

Curriculum Development

Cluster 3: Mitigation Mechanism

Cluster 4 : Sustainable GHG Management

Low Carbon Society

NI/BUR

Sectoral-Based

Area-Based

Corporate Level

Cluster 2: Low Carbon Society (Mitigation/Adaptation)

Central Policy & Implementation

Local Policy & Implementation

Corporate Policy & Implementation

Mitigation Measures&

Projects

Cluster 1: GHG Inventory Management

7

CITC CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

16

CITC Training Clusters & Targets CITC Training Clusters & Targets

GHG Inventory Management

• Sectoral Based• Central

Implementers• Area Based

• Local Practitioners

• Corporate Level• GHG Inventory

for Private companies

Low Carbon Society

•LCS for Central Policy & Implementation

• Policy Makers• Implementers

•LCS for Local Policy & Implementation• Local Leaders• Local

Practitioners•LCS for Private

Companies• Private

companies’ manager/chief

Mitigation Mechanism

• Mitigaiton course• Low Carbon City

Program• Energy Performance Certificate Scheme

• Carbon Sequestration and REDD/REDD+

Sustainable GHG Management

• Climate change economics and finance

• Carbon Business (ex. CFO, CFP)

• Etc,.

172014 2015

CITC Curriculum Development ProcessCITC Curriculum Development Process

Process1 Training Needs Assessment2 Course Conceptual Design

(Objective/ Content/ Approach and Tools/M&E/ Etc.)3 Training Material Development

4 Trainer Guideline Development

5 Training Evaluation Guideline Development

6 Demonstration Class7 ToT Workshop

8 Curriculum Assessment and Revision 9 Training Delivery10 Curriculum Assessment and Revision II

1818

Training for CITC establishment and training management

Japan, 25-5 December 2013

1

Objective

2

1. To collect information and learn know-how’s on training program development, implementation and management by training implementing entities in Japan which can be incorporated on CITC Project Document

2. To enhance technical knowledge and understanding on climate change and LCS issues by learning policies and measures taken by key organizations in Japan, which can be incorporated in developing CITC training courses

3. To collect information on candidate CITC partner institutions in Japan as a reference for TGO’s decision at management level

Participants

3

Name Title

1. Dr. Jakkanit Kananurak Director, Capacity Building and Outreach Office

2. Dr. Natarika Wayuparb Director, Strategy Office

3. Ms. NatchananWathanachinda

Assistant Senior Official, Capacity Building and Outreach Office

4. Ms. Wiriya Puntub Official, Capacity Building and Outreach Office

5. Ms. Benya Nuengdee Official, Capacity Building and Outreach Office

6. Ms. Bussabongkot Deewaja Assistant Senior Official, Strategy office

7. Ms. Phakamon Supapunt Senior Official, Carbon Business Office

8. Ms. Neeracha Tridech Assistant Senior Official

9. Ms. Wararat Cha-umkruea Assistant Senior Official, GHG Information Center

Destination:No. List Presenter

1 Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) Jakkanit

2 Yokohama City Phakamon

3 Tokyo Development Learning Center, the World Bank (WB-TDLC) Benya

4 National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED)

Neeracha

5 National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Wararat

6 Kitakyushu City Government and KITA Bussabongkot

7 United Nations University (UNU) Benya

8 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Natchanan

Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC)

9 Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)/ Low Carbon Research Network (LoCARNet)

Wiriya

4

Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG)

5

Summary of learned contents:• Cities as Key to Climate Change • Tokyo Climate Change Strategy• Cap-and-Trade Program• Green Building Program• Carbon Reduction Reporting Program

– Mandatory reporting, voluntary reduction– Targeting large facilities (> 1,500kl crude oil

equivalent)• Other Programs and Renewable Policy

6

7

–

•

•

8

•

•

•

9

•–

–

•–

10

–

–

–

–•

11 12

• Public Participation• Learning Process• Target Group Clarification• Continual Improvement

Application for CITC

1) Public relations and knowledge dissemination on climate change

2) Knowledge management system3) Low Carbon City model

13 14

•

•

–

–

Tokyo Development Learning Center, the World Bank (WB-TDLC)

15

Summary of learned contents:• Introduction of WB-TDLC

– Aim at an effective platform for learning, knowledge exchange & capacity building for Asia and the Pacific

– Linking international community and the Japanese knowledge and experience

– A hub of the Global Development Leaning Network (GDLN)

• Learning Program Modalities – E-learning & structure Programs – VC Seminar– Multimedia Learning Opportunities – Face to Face

• The WB-TDLC Facilities & Staff• Benefits of E-learning

16

United Nations University (UNU)

17

Summary of learned contents:

• UN-CECAR– Sustainability, Adaptation and Local Action– University Network for Climate and

Ecosystems Change Research • Goal• Objective • Workplan

– Structure of UN-CECAR– Key Capacity Development Needs,

Challenges,• Target Groups 18


• UNU Media Center– UNU’ s Core Activities– Models of online education

• Global Virtual University • Asia Pacific Initiative

• Pedagogical approach on Online Education– Technical support – E-moderating

• Differences of E-teaching and E-learning• Development of the Course Module Study Guide• Student Evaluation of Course (CEFS)

19

Application for CITCAct. 2) Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and

ASEAN– Training needs assessment process – Curriculum assessment and revision

Act. 3) Implementation of training program – Quality assurance and evaluation of training center; QA of

training process, utilizing training evaluation results for quality improvement

Act. 4) Development of E-learning System– Knowledge for setting up CITC E-learning

Act. 5) Development of network in national and international level– University Network

Act. 7) Knowledge management system – Website

20

Useful application for other TGO work

• Lessons learned of E-learning• Cooperation between WB-TDLC/UNU and TGO

on courses online • E-learning Consultation • University Network

21

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster

Prevention (NIED)

22

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED)

Aims of NIED :Protect people's lives and properties from natural disasters and to prepare society to be resilient to natural disasters, through research on disasters caused by • earthquakes • Volcanoes• Floods• Landslides• meteorological changes • snow and ice damages

23Reference: http://www.bosai.go.jp

Summary of learned contents:• Local Heavy Rainfall observed by Multi-parameter

RadarsPrediction of landslide disasters caused by torrential rainfall. Continuous observation of rainfall Reduce natural disasters resulting from rainfall

• Large-scale Rainfall Simulator

24Reference: http://www.bosai.go.jp

Application for CITCAct. 6) Public relations and knowledge

dissemination on climate change

• Not directly to CITC in our country • Can be the useful activity for adaptation for other

countries in Southeast Asia

25


Training Institution Knowledge

TGO work(Approval and

Monitoring Office)

Tokyo Metro PolitanGovernment

• T-VER (Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Program)

• LCC (Partnership of Market Readiness: PMR)

Yokohama City

Kitakyushu City

26

Policy

Inventory

GHG Reduction Scheme

GHG Emission

Target Group

Useful application for CITC

27

• Set up target group• Develop suitable curriculum for each

target group• Relation between each topic • Aims and learning outcomes for target

group

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

28

Summary of learned contents:• AIM (Asia-Pacific Integrated Model)

– Introduction of AIM– History of climate policy in Japan and contribution of AIM to assessment

of Japan’s GHG mitigation options– Activities of AIM to develop LCS scenarios in Asian countries

• Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan– Basic information on a national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory– Gaps in non-Annex I countries for periodical national GHG inventory

preparation– National System of Japan for periodical inventory compilation– Tasks of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

• Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)– Climate Change Research Program– Global Environmental Monitoring– Global Environmental Database– Supporting global environmental research 29

Application for CITC2) Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and ASEAN

NIES >>• More understanding of Japan low carbon society research framework, tools

and network that could support CITC in conducting ASEAN TNA workshop, course concept design, training content and tools for low carbon society development curriculum

• Aware of NIES endeavoring in integrating of GHG mitigation and climate change adaption.

GIO >>• Possibility of co-organized the ASIA Training needs assessment for GHG inventory

in July,2014 between GIO and TGO

30

Application for CITC (cont.)5) Development of network in national and international level>> GIO• GIO successful in developing GHG Inventory network throughout ASIA

region by conducting capacity development workshop which be the forum for experience sharing on GHG Inventory development. Round robin workshop’s venue is the key technique that bring about the great partnership among the member countries/institute.

7) Knowledge management system (ex. Website and etc.,.)>> GIO • website for disseminating GHG Inventory information and knowledge to

the public

31

Useful application for other TGO workNIES >>• Further cooperation between NIES and TGO on AIM model knowledge

transfer.• Able to apply the knowledge gained from Low Carbon Society as a

guideline for the preparation of appropriate curriculum.

GIO >>• Institutional arrangement of national GHG inventory system• National inventory development process• Role of GHG information manager

CGER• The use of technology for environmental research.

32

Kitakyushu City Government


Instutional arrangementsCity of Kitakyushu's environmental policy background (green frontier plan)Multi-stakeholder partnership (residents, local government, private enterprises)Green growth policies and measures

socialurbanindustrial & economic

International environment strategies for green growth in Asia (city to city cooperation)

34

Application for CITC1) Institutional arrangement

- Organization structure- Roles and responsibilities of training manager; competencies and qualities of training manager, leadership and management roles.

2) Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and ASEAN– especially green growth policy and low carbon society at the local

government3) Implementation of training program

– Collaboration and partnership– Development of trainers and training staff; training team roles and

responsibilities, design and implementation of training staff development4) Development of network in national and international level

- Creating Socail Base through City to City Cooperation5) Public relations and knowledge dissemination on climate change

- Mitigation Activities- Campaign to raise public awareness

35


• Good practice in low carbon society concept to develop rode maps low carbon city for Thailand

• GHG reporting system• PR, Campaign to raise public awareness on

climate change, TGO mascot

36

Kitakyushu International Techno - cooperative Association

Summary of learned contents:History of environmental situation in KitakyushuKitakyushu method - Citizens initiative in partnership with others

Government, Enterprises, NGOs, , Citizens, Academe

Measure of City of KitakyushuInstutional arrangementsCurriculum development

Training need assessmentConceptual Diagram of the courseImplementation of training coursetraining courses focus on 4 categories

38

Summary of learned contents:Implementation of training course

training courses focus on 4 categoriesEnvironment managementWastewater treatmentProduction technology and maintenanceEnergy saving, Renewable energy

Evaluation of training coursesCollaboration between KITA and academics in japan and other countries

39


- Organization structure- Roles and responsibilities of training structure

2) Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and ASEAN– Training needs assessment process– Process of training concept development and content design – Training tools and material development process– Curriculum assessment and revision

3) Implementation of training program– Resource management; budget and financial management collaboration and

partnership, resource person selection– Development of trainers and training staff; training team roles and

responsibilities– Quality assurance and evaluation of training course

4) Development of network in national and international level

40

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

andOverseas Environmental

Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC)

41

Summary of learned contents:Japanese ODA and Overview of JICA’s Training ProgramTraining Affairs and Citizen Participation Department,

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)Introduction- JICA vision, mission- Relationship with GoJOperation- Main schemes- Technical operation

42

Summary of learned contents:Japanese ODA and Overview of JICA’s Training ProgramTraining Affairs and Citizen Participation Department,

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)Training Program- Organizational Structure- Training program outlines- Roles & duties of domestic offices- Evaluation cycle

43

Summary of learned contents:Overseas Environmental Cooperation

Center, Japan (OECC)Organization Introduction- Objective, core activities- Organizational structure- OECC membershipTraining Activities- Training topics and example of courses- Course structure and processLessons learned and the way forward- Preparation and characteristics of training course

44

Application for CITCAct 1: Institutional arrangement

– Organization structure (JICA/OECC)– Roles and responsibilities of divisions (JICA)

Act 2: Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and ASEAN– Curriculum planning (OECC)– Training course structure and process (OECC)– Training tools (PCM-OECC)/ training materials, resource

(MRV/NAMA guideline, UNFCCC negotiation)– Training program evaluation system (JICA)

Act 3: Implementation of training program – Training management (JICA)

Act 5: Development of network in national and international level– Membership (OECC)

Act 6: Public relations and knowledge dissemination on climate change – PR activities (JICA)

45


• Internal capacity building (OECC)

46

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

47

Summary of learned contents:• Introduction of IGES

– Organization structure, mission and target– Networking and collaboration in arena of climate

change– Flagship of implementation in 2013

• Achieving development of Low carbon society– Necessarily of low carbon society– Elements of actions to realize a LCS– Countermeasures to be implemented to achieve GHG

reduction target– Possibility of Asian countries’ Leapfrog leveraged by

climate change

48


• Currently international regime and IGES research– Updated information about COP19 and IGES research

(mitigation, adaptation, losses&damages, REDD+, and climate finance)

• Capacity development activities for JCM (Joint Crediting Mechanism)– Introduction of JCM and capacity building program with

partner countries

• Capacity development operations on climate change adaptation– Training needs assessment and training module

development process for mainstreaming adaptation in agriculture and related water sector

49

Summary of learned contents:• Capacity development and network operation for LCS

– Introduction of LoCARNet and potential contribution to CITC

• Overview information of IGES capacity development activities– Training program (face to face training, e-learning, networking,

publication and tools)– IGES current research area under 6th phase integrative strategic

research program

• Capacity development operation on MRV for transport sector– Capacity building on transport NAMA by using TEEMP tool with

JCM partners

• LCC initiative in Japan– Introduction of japan initiative for LCC – Future Cities

Initiative/Eco-cities Initiative and implementation of participating cities (ex. TMG, Yokohama, Chiyoda ward, Gunma Nakanojo, Kawasaki)

50


- Organization structure2) Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and ASEAN

– Training needs assessment process (Adaption TNA)– Process of training concept development and content design – Curriculum assessment and revision– Updated knowledge and tools on climate change mitigation and adaption

(Climate finance (JCM), LCS, MRV,TEEMP, LCC development, and IGES research area)

– Existing capacity development program ,training material, resources, and lecturer

3) Implementation of training program – Training management

4) DDevelopment of E-learning System5) Development of network in national and international level

- Network coordination and management (adaptation (esp, APAN and mitigation)7) Knowledge management system

- Website, database management, publication) 51


• Lessons learned of low carbon society and low carbon city development

• JCM Lessons learned for GHG mitigation in Thailand

• NAMAs for city transportation• Further technical collaboration on IGES research

area and network

52

Activities

1) Institutional arrangement2) Curriculum development on climate change for

Thailand and ASEAN3) Implementation of training program 4) Development of E-learning System5) Development of network in national and

international level6) Public relations and knowledge dissemination on

climate change 7) Knowledge management system

53

Summary Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1. Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG)*

2. Yokohama City / /3. Tokyo Development Learning Center, the World Bank (WB-

TDLC) / / / / /

4. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) /

5. National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) / / /6. Kitakyushu City Government / / / / /7. Kitakyushu International Techno - cooperative Association / / / /8. United Nations University (UNU) / / / / /9. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) / / / /10. Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC) / / /11. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)/ Low

Carbon Research Network (LoCARNet) / / / / / /54

Topics for discussion

• Collaboration and partnership with some institutions in Japan– Dispatch of experts for CITC training program– Curriculum development, etc.

• Collaboration for E-learning system development

55

Thank youwww.citc.in.th

56

Training for CITC establishment and training management

Japan, 25-5 December 2013

1

Point of Consideration on updating Project Document

Contents

2

1. Management Arrangement2. CITC Activities3. Other Issues

Management Arrangement

3

Director(TGO Executive Director)

Deputy Director(CB Director/ TGO)

CITC Sub-Committee

Knowledge Management Division

Strategic & Training Management Division

Climate Change Network & Public Relations and Social

Network Division

CITC Organizational structure

CITC Activities

4

1. Institutional arrangement2. Curriculum development on climate

change for Thailand and ASEAN3. Implementation of training program 4. Development of E-learning System5. Development of network in Thailand and

ASEAN countries on climate change6. Knowledge management on climate

change (knowledge hub)7. Public relations and knowledge

dissemination on climate change

CITC Activities

5

Act 2: Curriculum development on climate change for Thailand and ASEAN

– Various approaches on curriculum developmentAct 4: Development of E-learning System

– More interaction and communication– Vdo conference, university network, mix techniques

Act 5: Development of network in Thailand and ASEAN countries on climate change

– More details on benefits on becoming a member– Sustainability of networks (knowledge sharing,

public paricipation)

Other issues

6

1. Business model2. Marketing plan and strategies

Other Issues

7

Business ModelBusiness ModelKey Partners

• JICA• ONEP• ERTC/DEQP• DEDE/MOEn• MOAC• RFD• Universities /Institutions

Key Partners

• JICA• ONEP• ERTC/DEQP• DEDE/MOEn• MOAC• RFD• Universities /Institutions

Key ActivitiesCITC Establishment• Develop Curriculums on CC respond to Targets• Organize training program•Develop E-Learning / E-library• PR

Key ActivitiesCITC Establishment• Develop Curriculums on CC respond to Targets• Organize training program•Develop E-Learning / E-library• PR

Key Resources• TGO• JICA• ONEP• ERTC/DEQP• DEDE/MOEn• MOAC• RFD• Universities /Institutions

Key Resources• TGO• JICA• ONEP• ERTC/DEQP• DEDE/MOEn• MOAC• RFD• Universities /Institutions

Value Proposition

• Class&Hands-on Trainings• Train the Trainer• Specific courses• Climate Change Network•Green Jobs

Value Proposition

• Class&Hands-on Trainings• Train the Trainer• Specific courses• Climate Change Network•Green Jobs

DistributionChannel

• CITC Website• Climate Change Channel (CCC)• E – Journal• Promotional Materials

DistributionChannel

• CITC Website• Climate Change Channel (CCC)• E – Journal• Promotional Materials

Customer Relationships

•Personal assistance - call center, email•Community driven – forum, seminar

Customer Relationships

•Personal assistance - call center, email•Community driven – forum, seminar

CustomerSegments

M/A related government institutions, academic institutions, private companies, general public

CustomerSegments

M/A related government institutions, academic institutions, private companies, general public

Cost Structure• Training Activities• PR • Personnel

Cost Structure• Training Activities• PR • Personnel

Revenue flows • Training Fee • Government Support• Support from other Organizations

Revenue flows • Training Fee • Government Support• Support from other Organizations

Other issues

8

Business ModelCITC

Who is the primary target customers/segments? Central and Local Governments, private sectors

What products/services offered? Trainings, Knowledge Hub

are customer value propositions? • Class & Hands-on Trainings, Train the Trainer,Specific Courses, Customized Courses

• Climate Change Network/Forum• Pilot Projects• Opportunity for Green Jobs

How a company communicates with and reaches its customer segments to deliver a valueproposition?

Direct Emails, Focal Points, Seminars, Exhibitions

the company wants to establish a relationship with each customer segment?

One-Stop Training Center, Personal Assistance

network of suppliers and partner make the business model work?

JICA, ONEP, ERTC/DEQP, DEDE/MOEn

key resources contribute to value proposition? Curriculums on CC respond to Targets, Experts

key activities contribute to value proposition? CITC Website, Climate Change Channel (CCC),E – Journal, PR

Profit Flow

revenue flow Training Fee , Government Support, Support from other Organizations

cost structure Training Activities, PR, Personnel

Other Issues – Marketing Plan

9

CITC StrategyProduct Services

Training coursesKnowledge center on Climate ChangeGreen jobsNetworking on Climate ChangeWell-known and accepted internal lecturers.

DescriptionTraining coursesThe training courses are composed of courses on mitigation (including GHG Inventory) and

adaptation.Training material kit, series of informative training materials.The course certificate issued by CITC.The training courses contain both basic and advanced level of courses.News and information service for CITC membership on climate change with promotional materials.

Training MethodThe training courses are in-depth and based on hands-on approach.CITC Membership will have an opportunity to participate site visit.

Certification Certificates will be issued by CITC for trainees who participate at least 80% of the classes andpass the examinations.

Other Issues – Marketing PlanCITC Strategy

Place(Venue)

The training will be organized at TGO, The Environmental Research and TrainingCentre (ERTC) and The Training Center of Department of Alternative EnergyDevelopment and Efficiency. Participants could learn in both theoretical andpractical parts.Application procedure: Interested participants can download application formfrom CITC website and register the training course online or at TGO office.

Promotion Official announcement of CITC – Seminar.Promotion through medias – TV, radio, websites, SNS, newsletter (publication,email) and newspapersSide events, exhibitionsCampaignsSocial networkDirect emailsNational focal points in ASEAN countries

10

Lesson Learned for CITC Curriculum Development

11

Cluster 3: Mitigation Mechanism

Cluster 4 : Sustainable GHG Management

Low Carbon Society

NI/BUR

Sectoral-Based

Area-Based

Corporate Level

Cluster 2: Low Carbon Society (Mitigation/Adaptation)

Central Policy & Implementation

Local Policy & Implementation

Corporate Policy & Implementation

Mitigation Measures&

Projects

Cluster 1: GHG Inventory Management

7

CITC CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

CITC Curriculum Development Process

13

Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Capacity Needs Assessment

Course Conceptual Designing (Content/ Process /Approach/Tools)

Develop Training Content, Approach, and Context

Develop Training Materials, Textbooks and Tools

Review and Revise

Trainer Guideline Development

Training Evaluation Guideline Development

Demonstration Class

ToT Workshop

Curriculum Assessment and Revision

Training Delivery

Curriculum Assessment and Revision II

Application knowledge for CITC Curriculum Development

14

CITC Curriculum development process

Learned Knowledge Potential collaboration agencies

Capacity Needs Assessment - Effective TNA methodologies(questionnaire survey, conference, preliminary study)

JICA, IGES, WB, UNU

Course Conceptual Designing (Content/ Process /Approach/Tools)

- Course conceptual design approaches and process(ad-hoc/working group, expert judgment)

JICA, WB, KITA, OECC,UNU,IGES

Develop Training Content, Approach, and Context

- Updated training contents on mitigation and adaptation

- Effective training delivery and training environment

- Training development guideline

IGES, NIES, GIO, CGER, KITA, UNU, NIED

KITA, OECC, WB, UNU

WB

Develop Training Materials, Textbooks and Tools

- Existing useful training material and tools (available now)

UNU, WB, IGES, NIES

Trainer Development - Trainer capacity building - OECC

Application knowledge for CITC Curriculum Development

15

CITC Curriculum development process

Learned Knowledge Potential collaboration agencies

Training Evaluation Effective training evaluation approaches(Pre-post test, checkpoint list, action plan, participation, questionnaire )

OECC, IGES, KITA, UNU

ToT Workshop N/A but there have closely coordination with lecturer

KITA, OECC, UNU

Curriculum Assessment and Revision

Curriculum assessment approach OECC, IGES, KITA, JICA, UNU, WB

Training Delivery Variety of training delivery approaches

E-learning system

OECC, IGES, KITA, JICA, UNU, WB

UNU, WB, IGES

Thank youwww.citc.in.th

16

Overview and application of AIM Modelfor CITC

Toshihiko Masui (NIES),Kazuya Fujiwara (MIHR) and Tomoko Ishikawa (IGES)

On behalf of AIM Team

Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd, TokyoJanuary 16, 2014

Overall of CITC’s role

Policymaking Model analysis/Science

Low Carbon Society

Model

Roles of model analysis and policymaking in climate policies

• Climate change issue has a very big uncertainty, and it is important to reflectthe latest scientific knowledge to policy making process. The model analysistaking into account the latest scientific knowledge and the policy makingprocess can be regarded as a pair of wheels.– Model analysis: Providing scientific knowledge on climate policies, and assessing

effectiveness and impact quantitatively due to climate policy implementation.– Policymaking process: Framing/planning and implementing climate policies. The

needed information for these purposes are asked to model experts.– Model: Axle between scientific knowledge and policymaking process– Both activities are inevitable to achieve Low Carbon Society. Recognizing the roles

of other side and understanding model are important.

• Requirement for cooperation– Model analysis: Development of appropriate models and simulation based on

models to provide the necessary information to policy makers.– Policymaking: Identifying necessary information to implement policies. Based on

information from model simulations, final decision is done.

3

What is necessary for model experts

• Decision of the most appropriate model through discussionwith policymakers.

• Simulation using the appropriate model in response torequests from policymakers.

• Explanation of simulation results with transparency.• Presentation of scopes and issues to policymakers from

scientific viewpoints.

4

Requests to policy makers

• Understanding what is model. Identifying what will beanalyzed.– Model is not “crystal ball”– Model can treat only a part of the real world. The mostappropriate model is different among the issues.

– What is inputs? The results may change if inputs are changed.– What is the most interested topic?

• Understanding the limitation of models.

5

Comments on CITC

• We (I) suggest most of the training course for policymakersand model experts will be common.– Many of the curriculum will be participated together. It isimportant to share the relationship/roles of model analysis andpolicy making process, concept of individual model, futurescenarios, and model limitation.

– And then, policy makers will learn data/information collection(including future outlook), coordination among stakeholdersbased on simulation results, ...

– Model experts will learn the detailed model structure,programming, simulation way, ...

6

Which tool is the best for policymakers in CITC?

• Role of policymaker is not “model simulation” but “decision making”. Themost important is “Getting the point.” The difficult/detailed simulation isleft to the model experts.

• Enduse and CGE are complicated models.– These models will be operated together with experts, and necessary

information will be shared.• ExSS (Extended SnapShot tool) seems to be the best for

policymakers, because this model is– simple,– overall,– transparent,– rapid,– easy to link with other models, and– experienced.

7

Model World

Contents of Present AIM

8

Impact/Adaptation Model

Emission Model

Country

Global

Enduse model

Economic model

Account model

sequentialdynamics

dynamicoptimization

Local/City

Agriculture

Water

Human health

Simple Climate Model

Other Models

future society

GHG emissions

temperature

Global National/Local

feedback

AIM/Impact[Policy]

mid term target

IPCC/WG3

IPCC/WG2

IPCC/integrated scenario

carbon tax

long term vision

adaptation

low carbon scenario

Mitigation Target, Climate Policy, Capacity building, ... Real World

PopulationHousehold Transportation Residential

Materialstock flow Land use Agriculture

Brief history of climate policy in Japan and AIM

• 1997; Toward UNFCCC COP3, Japan technology model (AIM/Enduse) model wasused to assess the mitigation target in Japan.– GHG mitigation target in Japan: 6% compared to 1990 level

• 2008; Based on three types of models (global technology model, Japantechnology model and Japan economy model), options of Japan’s middle termtarget (2020 target) on GHG reduction were calculated.– Role of model was to provide 6 options as GHG mitigation target. (Final decision was

done by policymakers.)– GHG mitigation target in Japan: 15% compared to 2005 level ( 7% to 1990 level)

• 2009 2011; By using Japan technology model and Japan economy model, thepossibility of “25% reduction in 2020 compared to 1990 level” was assessed.– Role of model was to show how to achieve the 25% target.

Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Dai ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in 2011• Present; The new mitigation target in 2020 was decided to be “ 3.8% compared

to 2005 (+3.1% to 1990 level)” on November 15, 2013.– Assumption: No nuclear power in 2020.

9

Features of AIM’s approach forGHG emission reduction target in Japan

• Bottom up approach: Enduse model– Based on a set of macro frame such as future population andGDP, energy demand, GHG reduction and related technologyoptions are estimated.

• Top down approach: Computable general equilibrium model– Based on the technology options, economic impact ofmitigation policy is assessed.

10

Results of AIM/Enduse

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

0% 15% 20% 25%

2030

Non Energy

Energy

Transport

Commercial

Residential

Industry

Level ofcounermeasures

Share of nuclearpower to totalelectricity suppy

Change frombenchmarkemissions

Sectoral GHG emissions in Japan in 2030 (low economic growth scenario)

11 12

200

150

100

50

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2020 2010 2030

energy saving

Others

Energy

Industry

Commercial

Transportation

Residential

Cumulative additional investment and saved energycosts by 2020 and 2030

mitigationoptions

Results of AIM/Enduse

Investment options to reduce GHG emissions

Industry Energy intensive industriesIndustrial furnace, boiler, etc

ResidentialHigh insulation houseHigh efficient & solar water heaterHigh efficient appliances & HEMS

CommercialEnergy efficient buildingHigh efficient & solar water heaterHigh efficient appliances

Transportation Next generation vehiclesLow fuel consumption

Energy

PVWind powerSmall scale hydro & geo thermalBiomass powerpower system stabilizationGas pipelinesCCS

Non CO2AgricultureWasteF gas

Low carbon society will need the new investment.

13

3210123

0% 0%* 15% 20% 25%

FinalconsumptionCapitalformationGDP

Macro economic impact compared to reference casein 2030, Low growth case

0%*: 0% in 2020

mitigationoptions

share of nuclear

Results of AIM/CGE

Additional investment to GHGmitigation will contribute to adomestic demand increase.As a result, the GDP loss will bemitigated.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

0% 0%' 15% 20% 25%

2020

Non Energy

Energy

Transport

Commercial

Residential

Industry

Level ofcounermeasures

Share of nuclear powerto total electricitysuppy in 2030

Change frombenchmarkemissions

Share of nuclear power is set to be gradually shifted to the numbers in this figure between 2010 and 2030."0%" is assumed to be 0% in 2020 and after

Meaning of new GHG mitigation target

Sectoral GHG emissions in Japan in 2030 (high economic growth scenario)

New GHG mitigation target ( 3.8% to 2005 level = +3.1% to 1990 level)

14

Up to now, AIM applied our LCS research approachto 8 nations and 12 regions in Asia regions

KyotoShiga

BhopalAhmedabad

Guan Zhou

PutrajayaCyberjaya Japan

ChinaIndia

Indonesia

Thailand

Malaysia

S. Korea

VietnamBangladesh

IskandarMalaysia

Dalian

Ratchaburi

Kyonggi doCambodia

KhonKaen

15Source: S 6 Project (Prof. Y. Matsuoka, Kyoto Univ.)

Overall research procedure of our LC SocietyScenario approach

16

Analysis of AlternativeLCS scenarios and

measures

Try and error to keepconsistency and unity

among SocioEconomic policies and

LCS targets

Quantification of Socioeconomic Visions and

GHG emission

Qualification of Socioeconomic Vision

Setting framework• Area• Base year• Target year• Covered sectors• Actors/Players • LCS target

• Demography• Lifestyle• Economy• Transport• Building• Resource

efficiency• Energy strategy• Power supply

Quantifications of parameters:• Population• Final demand • Transport parameters• Energy service

demand generation• Energy device share• Power supply

assumptions

Evaluation of Scenarios / measures:

• Transportation system• Energy service demand

generation• Energy device share• Power supply options• Renewable energy• Carbon sink• etc.

Design LCS Actions andRoadmaps from the

analysisSource: S 6 Project (Prof. Y. Matsuoka, Kyoto Univ.)

Some checking points ofLow Carbon Society Scenario development

17Source: S 6 Project (Prof. Y. Matsuoka, Kyoto Univ.)

Tools to support constructing LCS scenarios

18

LCS ActionTools

How to manage LCS Actions systematically ?

A group of Tools on Logical structure of LCS actions

AHP toolHow to adjust diverse objectives and preferences among LCS Actions ?

Analytic hierarchy process tool

LCM-DBWhat kind of LCS measures are available?

Low-carbon measures database

ExSSHow to develop quantitative visions, and check the feasibility with GHG reduction targets, industrial structure and so on?

Extended snapshot tool.

BCTHow to construct the schedule of LCS actions?

Backcasting tool

AIM/Enduse

What is the optimal technologies invested and how much are their costs?

AIM Enduse-bottom-up model

AIM/CGEHow much is the impact to macro-economy of LCS actions ?

AIM Computable general equilibrium model

Question Tool developed Explanation

Source: S 6 Project (Prof. Y. Matsuoka, Kyoto Univ.)

How to combine the tools in order to keep consistencyand unity among Socio Economic policies and LCS actions

19

Extended snapshottool (ExSS)

AIM/CGE AIM/Enduse

LCS (Low CarbonStrategy) Tools

Quantification ofLCS scenarios

Low CarbonDevelopmentActions andRoadmaps

Designing Snapshotof LCS visions

Economicanalysisof LCS

Engineeringand financialanalysisof LCS

Institutional andlogical design of LCS

Source: S 6 Project (Prof. Y. Matsuoka, Kyoto Univ.)

Overview of the National Environmental Research and Training

Institute (NETI)

Ministry of the EnvironmentNational Environmental Research and Training Institute

- 1972 the U.N. Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

- 1992 Rio Summit, UNFCCC, CBD- 1997 UNFCCC/COP3 the Kyoto Protocol

- 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster

- 2010 CBD/COP10 Aichi Biodiversity Targets

1971 The Establishment of The Environment Agency

2001Reorganizing into

Ministry of the Environment

2012 Attachment of

Nuclear Regulation Authority

Transition of Ministry of the Environment in Japan

1967 Environmental Pollution Prevention Act 2

1973 The Establishment of

Training institute for Environmental Pollution Control- 1973~ Oil Shocks

1990 Renamed to National Environmental Training Institute

2003 Renamed to

National Environmental Research and Training Institute

Administrative Organization of MOEJ

Senior Vice-Minister of the Environment

Parliamentary Secretary of the Environment

Vice-Minister of the Environment

Vice-Minister for Global Environmental Affairs

Minister’s Secretariat

Environmental Policy Bureau

Global Environment Bureau

Environmental Management Bureau

Nature Conservation BureauWaste Management & Recycling Department

Institutes & Organizations

gNational Environmental Research and Training Institute

National Institute for Minamata DiseaseRegional Branches

Regional Environment Office (7)

National Institute for Environmental Studies

g yEnvironmental Restoration and Conservation Agency

Independent Administrative Institutes

Environmental Health Department

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Nuclear Regulatory Agency

Minister of the Environment

3

About the NETI• A training institute supervised by the Ministry of

Environment (MOE)• Implement training programs for officials of national/

local government agencies, and other institutions related to environment sector

• Established in 1973. Located in Tokorozawa City, Saitama Prefecture

• Training was provided approximately 53,000 trainees since establishment (As of the end of 2012)

• 90% of the trainees are local government officials

Organization of NETI

Director General

Deputy Director

General Affairs Section

Educational Affairs Section

General Affairs

Accounting

Educational Affairs I

Educational Affairs II

International Cooperation Training Affairs

Training Program Coordinator

International Training Coordinator

InstructorChief Instructor

Situation of training by NETI• Administrative training: 18 courses (20 classes) targeted for

central/ local government officials• Analysis training: 16 courses (22 classes) targeted for officials

related to analysis works• Training of MOEJ officials: 7 courses (7 classes) targeting the

MOEJ officials41 courses (49 classes) in Total *Results of FY2012

Relevant data on NETI

• Budget for FY 2013: 251 million Japanese Yen• Number of assigned officials at NETI: 17• Lot area: 20,000 m²• Total building area: 13,000 m²

1971 2011 FY

Number of Trainee

Total

Administration TrainingLaboratory

Analysis Training

1971 2011 FY

Number of Training Course

Number of Staff

Annu

al P

lan

of T

rain

ing(

FY

2013

)

Outline of the Training Course (FY 2013 )Type(Administration/Analysis/…)

Course Name Objective Target Trainee Contents Capacity Period

Facilities

Detail of the FacilitiesMain Building

4Lecture Rooms(capacity 60-20) Auditorium(capacity 120)

International Training Building

Seminar Rooms Analysis Room

Temperature, humidity controlled laboratory(3 Rooms)

The Library

Building for General and Advanced Analysis

Analytical Instrument

Example of International Training(Water Environmental Monitoring)

Outline of the Training Course


Conmtents of the Training Course


http://www.neti.env.go.jp/english/index.html

For More Information

Training Program for Global Warming Countermeasures

January 17, 2014Ministry of the Environment, Japan

1

The National Environmental Research and Training Institute

• An institution established in Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)

• Affairs under its jurisdiction (Provided by Order for the Organization of MOEJ) are as follows:

(i) To Implement education and training for officials. etc. related to administration concerning affairs under the jurisdiction of MOEJ, and

(ii) Among those investigations and researches related to affairs under the jurisdiction of MOEJ as well as administration concerning collection and compilation of statistics and other information, conduct comprehensive investigation and research on Minamata Disease as well as to collect, compile and provide information in and outside Japan.

2

Outline of “Training Program on Global Warming Countermeasures”

• One of the administration training courses implemented at the NETI.

• Objective: To acquire necessary expertise to carry out assigned tasks concerning global warming countermeasures.

• Targeted trainees: Officials in charge of global warming countermeasures administration in both central and local governments

• Seating capacity: 100 trainees• Duration: 5 days (from July 29 to August 2 for FY2013)

3

Contents of training program (Sample: Version for FY2013)

Day 1: Keynote lecture (1.5 h), action plan of local governments (on local measures) (1.5h), technological Innovation in energy sector (1.5h)

Day 2: Dissemination and awareness raising activities (3h) Feed-in Tariff scheme (1.5h), Environmental transport policy (1.5h)

Day 3: Site visit (1 day)Day 4: Group discussion (1 day)Day 5: Measures for specific initiatives (Case studies) (3h)

4

Points to be noted for consideration of this training program

• To provide knowledge which is particularly essential for local government officials and is to be utilized immediately

• To invite leading speakers in various fields taking into account there are many stakeholders in the arena of global warming countermeasures

• To enhance trainees’ skills to seek a solution by themselves through exchange of opinions and discussion with speakers and training participants (Participatory and interactive lecture)

5

1

Details of Yokohama Eco School (YES) Climate Change Policy Headquarters, Yokohama City

1. Training program activities for citizens and NPOs

- Many training seminars (YES Seminars) are conducted in order to provide information and learning opportunity as well as empowerment and awareness-raising regarding countermeasures against climate change for abovementioned target groups.

There is no training program in YES which aims to assist people to obtain official certification related to climate change.

Yokohama City does not issue certificate for participants of any YES training program.

- YES Seminars aim to change lifestyle of the people in their daily life, e.g. topic related to energy saving approaches at household level.

- As part of YES training program activities, YES conducted seminars with Kanagawa University as a learning opportunity both for students and citizens to learn together.

As shown in Annex 1, a variety of trainers delivered various lectures on water environmental issue, as this issue has close relationship with countermeasures against climate change. At the seminars, discussion with participants on the value of “water” was conducted.

Among participants, citizens do not have to attend all lectures, and are allowed to participate in certain seminars in which there are interested.

- Videos of YES Seminars are uploaded on YES official website for those who could not attend the seminars.

2. Approach to understand training needs of program participants in

designing YES training program activities

- Training program participants are requested to provide questionnaire response at training programs (co-)organized by YES Secretariat. Items of questionnaire include:

The training topic(s) which they think it is necessary to include in YES training program.

2

Impression and evaluation of the training programs under YES

- Result of the questionnaire survey is used for development of training program curriculum for the next fiscal year. More than 1000 participants provide the questionnaire response.

3. Criteria and approach for selection of trainers for YES training

program activities

- Celebrities who have association with Climate Change Policy Headquarters, Yokohama City or persons who have relationship with various policy measures by Yokohama City are selected as trainers i.e.

Experts including companies, NPOs, citizens and public administration in activity in universities or certain area(s) of Yokohama City

- Selection is made based on result of questionnaire survey targeted for citizens as well as internal evaluation.

4. Mechanism of evaluation and review on contents of YES training

program

- Evaluation and review are conducted based on result of questionnaire survey. (Please see 2.)

5. Approach to receive feedbacks from training program participants for training program planning for the next fiscal year

- Internal discussion is conducted by staff of YES Secretariat on the feedbacks from training program participants, and contents of the feedbacks are reflected to YES program for the next fiscal year.

6. Procedure for selection of YES Ambassadors and their cooperation

with the training program

- Negotiation is conducted with candidate YES Ambassadors who meet following conditions:

Nationally famous persons, Persons who are associated with Yokohama City, and

3

Persons who feel sympathy for the program activities.

- YES Ambassadors are requested to provide a message to the public once a year and participate in YES seminar(s).

7. Information dissemination tools for YES training program

Following three types of information dissemination tools are available under YES Program. Procedure for development of each tool is shown below:

- Radio program:

There is a radio program under Yokohama F.M. (Japanese radio station) for dissemination of information on YES training program activities.

A planning team is established for radio program. Meeting for program planning is held once a month, with attendance by staff of Yokohama F.M. Broadcasting and YES Secretariat.

YES Secretariat keeps close contact with the radio station staff for purposes including confirmation of contents of radio transcripts, as the radio program is broadcasted once a week.

- Information in digital format (Official website and official Facebook account):

The official website of YES is managed by a YES partner institution which has good understanding of YES.

The official Facebook account is supported by YES Supporters.

- Information in printed format (Paper magazine):

For not a few citizens who do not have internet access and radio, YES publishes “YES! LIFE” (Paper magazine in a medium size) for information dissemination. This magazine is available at Ward Offices, YES Hubs, and office of YES Partners.

An internal editorial meeting is organized with participation by Assistant Managers of each department of the Climate Change Policy Headquarters and Environmental Planning Bureau. “YES! LIFE” provides YES seminar schedule information and other types of information including commentaries on timely public administrative activities such as IPCC.

8. Collaboration with other departments/divisions/bureaus in

4

Yokohama City and other institutions for training implementation

- Regarding collaboration with other departments/ divisions/ bureaus in Yokohama City Government, YES Secretariat involves officials who have their own contents. (i.e. professional expertise, knowledge or know-hows for conducting certain works or activities)

With support from the officials, YES Secretariat requests an expert from a certain specialty area to provide lecture(s) as trainer at YES Program in his/ her specialized field.

- YES Share Meeting is conducted once a year for information exchange and discussion on YES with internal and external stakeholders. YES Partners support management of the meeting.

9. Composition and position of YES Secretariat staff

- YES Secretariat is managed by 2 staff at the level of division chief and section chief.

10. Approach for budgetary arrangement for program management

(Financial resources other than the city budget)

- For YES training program management, Yokohama City considers whether it is possible to mobilize funds of its affiliated organizations or enterprises used for CSR purpose, in addition to the City budget.

- Yokohama City thinks to mobilize as many available financial resources as possible for YES training program management.

11. Training activities targeted for officials from each department/

bureau/division of City Government and staff of Ward offices as partners for YES training program implementation

- Training for these officials and staff who supports YES training program implementation has not yet been provided; however, Yokohama City thinks it is necessary to conduct such training activities.

- At this moment, through involvement in YES, officials of related departments/ bureaus/ division staff of each Ward office and have become active to participate in seminars on the topics with which their works do not have relation.

5

Annex 1 Table: Example of YES Program- contents of seminars with Kanagawa University on water environmental issues -

Title of training session of seminars Trainer (Organization) Related issues of “water” – what is happening on the Earth –

Mr. Junji Hashimoto (Journalist working on water issues, Aqua-sphere)

What is water? – water and our life Dr. Masaru Kitano (School of Science and Technology, Meiji University)

Water environment on the Earth and extreme weather events

Mr. Daisuke Tashiro (Weather Caster Network)

From water sources and to faucets – rediscovery of familiar water supply

Ms. Reiko Tsuru (Yokohama Waterworks Bureau, Yokohama City)

Technology for safe and secure water supply

Mr. Toshiyuki Ushikubo (Yokohama Waterworks Bureau, Yokohama City)

What will become of used water? – roles of sewage system

Mr. Kiyoshi Ibuka (Environmental Planning Bureau, Yokohama City)

Improvement in water environment at Yokohama Port and use of its water area

Mr. Takeshi Chiba (Port and Harbor Bureau, Yokohama City)

Conversion of sea water into fresh water – the forefront of Japanese technology

Mr. Kazumasa Ikuta (Bay City Techno Co., Ltd.)

Watershed as natural landscape – study on flood control and biodiversity –

Dr. Yuji Kishi (Faculty of Economics, Keio University)

Mysteries of marine creatures Mr. Nobuyuki Furukawa (Yokohama Hakkeijima Inc.)

A beverage company’s preference for water – water management technologies and efforts –

Mr. Satoru Imaizumi and Mr. Takeshi Shimizu (Yokohama Beer Village, Kirin Brewery Company)

Deep relations between human skin and water

Mr. Tetsuhito Sakura and Mr. Kenichi Kayama (FANCL Corporation)

Water which run through human body – body’s homeostasis and kidney –

Dr. Nobuhito Hirawa (Yokohama City University Medical Center)

The situation of water in the world – Situation of the world and Japan’s technical contributions -

Mr. Katsuyoshi Sudo (Japan International Cooperation Agency)

Summary Mr. Yasuo Matsumoto (Faculty of Human Science, Kanagawa University)

6

5

1) Basic Course • Objective: Learning the overview of REDD-plus and acquiring basic

techniques (20 participants completed the course)• Content:

a. Understanding the overview of REDD-plus and latest topics discussed globally

b. Contents and usage of REDD-plus Cookbookc. Acquiring methods to grasp forest dynamics using remote sensingd. Acquiring ground survey methods (including field practice)e. Understanding matters to be noted and actual operation of MRV

designing• Duration: 25 (Mon) –28 (Thur) November 2013

Training materials developed up to the previous year were used after being improved and revised for this course. REDD-plus Cookbook (technical manual), Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus were also utilized.

FY 2013 REDD-plus Forest Experts Training FY2013 REDD-plus Forest Experts Training (Basic Course)Learning the Overview of REDD-plus and its methods

Day Start Finish Title Objective 1 9:00 9:30 Registration 9:30 10:00 Opening ceremony / administrative

announcements / opening remarks

10:00 12:00 The outline of REDD-plus Background of REDD-plus being raised as an issue for global discussion Comprehensive understanding of the mechanism

13:00 15:00 Trends for international discussion on REDD-plus Understand trends for global discussion on REDD-plus, and the current status of bilateral initiatives

15:15 15:45 Regarding CookBook Learn how to use CookBook

16:00 17:00 Designs for forest carbon monitoring and requirements for reference levels

Framework for forest carbon monitoring in REDD-plus Basic stance towards the MRV system upon implementing REDD-plus Understand requirements in calculating reference levels

2 9:30 12:00 The role of remote sensing in REDD-plus Understand the role of remote sensing in REDD-plus and the specifications of the satellite

13:00 14:30 Different kinds of satellite data and matters to be noted when obtaining such data

Understand different kinds of satellite image data to be obtained in REDD-plus and methods for obtaining such data, as well as its price and matters to be noted

14:45 16:45 Method for estimating forest area using remote sensing Method for calculating the estimated forest area using remote sensing Learn the concept and usage of object-based classification in the lecture and demonstration

16:45 17:15 Preparation for ground survey Gain basic knowledge on ground survey (preparation for site study)

4 9:30 10:00 Meet at Tama Forest Science Garden Engage in basic field practice on site survey necessary for estimating forest carbon 10:00 16:00 Field practice on ground survey for forest carbon

estimation 5 9 30 12 00 The basics of forest carbon monitoring Basic knowledge on ground survey necessary for estimating forest carbon

Analysis of the data obtained by the site survey 13:00 14:30 Estimating the amount of forest carbon Gain basic knowledge necessary for estimating the amount of forest carbon 14:45 15:45 Estimating the amount of change in forest carbon Learn about estimating the amount of change in forest carbon in the lecture (and hands-on

training) 16:00 17:00 Challenges for the future Provide a summary of the course and go over matters to be noted for future implementation 17:00 17:30 Closing / questionnaire / etc.

7

Advanced Course (a)• Objective: Acquiring high-level/ practical monitoring methods (12 participants completed the course)

a. Designing ground surveysb. Points to be noted in using remote sensingc. Estimating forest area using remote sensingd. Measuring and calculating amount of forest carbon stock

• Duration 11 (Wed) – 13 (Fri) December, 2013

FY2013 REDD-plus Forest Experts Training FY2013 REDD-plus Forest Experts Training (Advanced Course a)Acquiring Forest Carbon Monitoring Techniques

Day Start End Title Objective

1 9:00 9:30 Registration 9:30 10:00 Opening ceremony / administrative

announcements / opening remarks Understand the objectives and the overall flow of the training

10:00 12:00 Designing ground surveys (lecture) Lecture and practical training on designing ground survey such as NFI 13:00 15:00 Designing ground surveys (practical training) Practical training on designing ground survey such as NFI

15:15 17:15 Using remote sensing in REDD-plus and matters to note in this subject

The role of remote sensing technology and the specifications of the satellite in REDD-plus Utilization of SAR data

2

10:00 12:00 Estimating the amount of forest carbon (lecture)

Lecture on estimating the amount of biomass

13:00 15:00 Estimating the amount of forest carbon (practical training)

Practical training on estimating the amount of biomass

15:15 17:15 Estimating the amount of change in forest carbon

Practical training on estimating the amount of change in forest carbon through a combination of ground survey and remote sensing

3 9:30 12:00 Method for estimating forest area using remote sensing

Method to estimate forest area using remote sensing

13:00 16:00 Method for estimating forest area using remote sensing

Method for classifying objects Extract changes between the data from 2 time points Verify accuracy

16:00 17:15 Overall discussion Themed group discussions on lectures given during the 3-day course 17:15 17:30 Closing / questionnaire / etc.

3) Advanced Course (b)• Objective Learning practical procedures on developing Project

Design Document (PDD)expecting 10 participants

a. Basics for development of Project Design Documentb. Verification system concerning reduction and absorption

of GHG emissionsc. Practical training on developing Project Design

Document• Duration 14 (Tue) – 16 (Thur) January, 2014

Date Start End Title Objective

1 9:00 9:30 Registration 9:30 10:00 Opening ceremony / administrative

announcements / opening remarks Understand the objectives and overall flow of the training

10:00 12:00 From planning REDD projects to creating PDD (i) Understand the challenges and matters to be noted in PDD creation referring to examples of FS in REDD-plus

13:00 15:00 In creating PDD for REDD projects (ii) Outline of PDD methodology including points to be noted when creating PDD in VCS

15:15 17:15 Appraisal of GHG projects as well as REDD projects - points to be noted and the sharing of challenges -

Understand points to be noted in creating PDD from the V (Validation) perspective in MRV

2 9:30 10:15 Outline of VCS Outline of VCS, materials for PDD creation 10:15 11:00 Explaining the VCS Project Description Template Explanation of PDD items in VCS 11 00 12:00 Practical training in groups Practical training in groups using PDD examples of VCS 13:00 16:00 Practical training in groups Same as above 16:00 17:00 Presentation, overall discussion Group presentations on the outcome of practical training and discussion

3 9:30 12:00 In creating RDD for REDD projects (iii) Outline of VCS Japanese version of Guidelines for REDD-plus Points to be noted in creating PDD and other matters.

13:30 15:00 Practical training in creating PDD

15:30 16:30 Presentation, overall discussion Presentation on the outcome of practical training in creating PDD and discussion

16:00 16:30 Towards the future Summary 16:30 17:00 Closing / questionnaire / etc.

FY2013 REDD-plus Forest Experts Training (Advanced Course b)Training for Creation of Project Design Document (PDD)

JIFPRO’s experiences of training activities

Yuhei TANAHASHIJIFPRO

January 21, 2014

JIFPRO is:Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation CenterA public interest incorporated foundation, established in 1992Main Activities

Reforestation Projects in Asian countries(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar). Approx. 7500ha for 20 years.Research and development projects in the field of Climate Change (REDD+, A/R CDM, etc) and forest restoration.Training courses ,workshops and seminars for capacity building and out reach

Introduction: Profile of JIFPRO


Reforestation Projects in Asian countries(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar). Approx. 7500ha for 20 years.Research and development projects in the field of Climate Change (REDD+, A/R CDM, etc) and forest restoration.Training courses ,workshops and seminars for capacity building and out reach

Introduction: Profile of JIFPRO Introduction: Reforestation activity

4


Reforestation Projects in Asian countries(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Viet num, Myanmar). Approx. 7500ha for 20 years.Research and development projects in the field of Climate Change (REDD+, A/R CDM, etc) and forest restoration.Training courses ,workshops and seminars for capacity building and out reach

Introduction

• Projects entrusted by Forestry Agency– REDD+ safeguard– Force Majeure (in LULUCF)

• Projects supported by Forestry Agency– Rehabilitation in acid/alkaline soil area– Reforestation for poverty reduction– Reforestation focusing on hydrology in

dryzone– Reforestation focusing on biodiversity

• Projects entrusted by private sector– REDD+ Feasibility Study in Sumatera– Community Forestry in South Kalimantan

Introduction: Research activities

Fig: REDD+ F/S (Vegetation Map)

Fig: Reforestation in acid soil area

6


Reforestation Projects in Asian countries(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Viet num, Myanmar). Approx. 7500ha for 20 years.Research and development projects in the field of Climate Change (REDD+, A/R CDM, etc) and forest restoration.Training courses ,workshops and seminars for capacity building and out reach

Introduction

Today’s topic!

•Capacity building•Conduct training courses

Later•Out reach

•Conduct seminars, workshops•Publish magazines•Support NGOs

Introduction

Workshop with local peopleSide event in COP19 (Warsaw)Workshop with NGOs and Private sector

DETAIL OF TRAINING ACTIVITIES

9

•JIFPRO have conducted these training courses in last 3 years.

Detail of Training Activities

No. Subject Description Budget from Fiscal Year

1 A/R CDM (J)Basic,Advanced

Provide latest information regarding A/R CDM to Japanese trainees

FA (Entrust) 2002-2012

2 A/R CDM (F) Provide latest information regarding A/R CDM to Foreign (and Japanese) trainees

FA (Entrust) 2002-2012

3 REDD+ Safeguard

Provide latest information regarding REDD+ Safeguard to Japanese trainees

FA (Entrust) 2013-

4 REDD+ Visit REDD+ host country and learn the efforts and national circumstances

FFPRI (Entrust)

2013

5 Forestry NGO Provide basic knowledge and techniques needed for Japanese Forestry NGO staff

FA (Support) 1997-

6 NFMS Provide comprehensive knowledge and techniques needed to develop National Forest Monitoring System in developing countries

JICA 2011-

7 CommunityForestry

Introduce Japanese knowledge and experiences related with Community Forestry to Malawian trainees

JICA 2013

JIFPRO

•Type of Budget (contract type)


Forestry Agency

FFPRI

4. REDD+ 5. Forestry NGO

JICA

6. NFMS7. Community Forestry

1. A/R CDM (J)2. A/R CDM (F)3. REDD+ Safeguard

Entrust

Entrust

Entrust

Support

Support

•Target and Location of the Training Courses


In Japan

In foreign countries

ForJapanese

ForForeigner

1. A/R CDM (J) Basic, Advanced3. REDD+ Safeguard

6. NFMS

2. A/R CDM (F)

4. REDD+

5. Forestry NGO7. Community Forestry

Indonesia(2013)Philippines,

Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar

•Length and Coverage of the Training Courses


Coverage

Length

1. A

/R C

DM (J

)

6. N

FMS

2. A

/R C

DM (F

)4.

RED

D+

5. F

ores

try

NGO

1 day3 days

1 week10 days

5 weeks8 weeks

Basic

Advanced

Expert3.

RED

D+ S

afeg

uard

7. C

omm

unity

For

estr

y

•Module concept of training curriculum•Basically, training curriculum is designed by combining modules of lecture/practice


Introduction Basic level lecture Advanced level lecture

Basic level practice Advanced level practice

Q&A Group Discussion

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Basic Course 2012•Target: Japanese A/R CDM beginners, 20 people•Length : 3 days


Day 1

0.5h Orientation

1.0h 01 Introduction – The role of forestin the context of climate change-

1.0h 02 Progress of internationalnegotiation

1.0h 03 Basic rules of A/R CDM

1.0h 04 Experience of trial project

1.0h 05 Overview of REDD+

1.0h 06 Case study on registered A/R CDM project

0.5h 7 Q&A

Day 2

1.5h 08 Monitoring methodology and carbon estimation

1.5h 09 Group work 1 (Tree measurement)

2.5h 10 Group work 2 (Carbon stockcalculation)

1.5h 11 Overview of remote sensingtechnology

Day 3

1.5h 12 Trend of Carbon Market

1.5h 13 Forest and Community

1.5h14 Case study on registered VCS/CCBS project in Philippines

0.5h 15 Group discussion

0.5h 16 Wrap-up

0.5h Closing, questionnaire

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Basic Course 2012•Target : Japanese A/R CDM beginners•Length : 3 days


Day 1

0.5h Orientation

1.0h 01 Introduction – The role of forestin the context of climate change-


1.0h 03 Basic rules of A/R CDM

1.0h 04 Experience of trial project

1.0h 05 Overview of REDD+

1.0h 06 Case study on registered A/R CDM project

0.5h 7 Q&A

Day 2

1.5h 08 Monitoring methodology and carbon estimation

1.5h 09 Group work 1 (Tree measurement)

2.5h 10 Group work 2 (Carbon stockcalculation)

1.5h 11 Overview of remote sensingtechnology

Day 3

1.5h 12 Trend of Carbon Market

1.5h 13 Forest and Community

1.5h14 Case study on registered VCS/CCBS project in Philippines


0.5h 16 Wrap-up

0.5h Closing, questionnaire

Introduction

Basic level lecture

Advanced level lecture

Basic level practice

Q&A

Group Discussion

Basic level lecture

Basic level lecture

Basic level lecture



Basic level lectures + Basic level Practices + some Advanced level lecture

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Basic Course 2012•Basic level lecture

•In the class room•Explain background and basic rules of A/R CDM•By JIFPRO staff and visiting lecturer


Basic level lecture

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Basic Course 2012•Advanced level lecture

•In the class room•Concrete case study and complex issues•By visiting lecturer (mainly)



Carbon market (from credit provider) CCBS project(from international NGO)

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Basic Course 2012•Basic level practice

•In the class room / field•Try monitoring and calculating carbon stock•By JIFPRO staff


Basic level practice

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Basic Course 2012•Q&A, Group Discussion

•In the class room•Clarify and share the issues•By JIFPRO staff


Q&A Group Discussion

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Advanced Course 2012•Target: Japanese A/R CDM middle level, 10-15 people •Length: 3 days


Day 1

0.5h Orientation

1.0h 01 Review of A/R CDM rules


0.5h 03 Recent revision of A/R CDMmethodologies and tools

1.0h 04 Physiological approach torehabilitation of tropical forest

2.0h 05 Case study on registered A/R CDM project in Paraguai


Day 2

0.5h 07 Introduction of practice

1.0h 08 Validation and verification process in A/R CDM: role of DOE

1.5h 09 PDD Practice 1 (Section A, C):Project description

1.5h10 PDD Practice 2 (Section B-1):Identification of baseline anddemonstration of additionality

2.5h 11 PDD Practice 3 (Section B-2):Estimation of carbon removal

Day 31.0h 12 PDD Practice 4 (Section

D,E,F): Environmental andsocial impact assessment

2.0h 13 PDD Practice 5 : Finalize draft PDD

1.5h 14 Presentation, Q&A

1.0h 15 Wrap-up

Closing, questionnaire

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Advanced Course 2012•Target: Japanese A/R CDM middle level, 10-15 people •Length: 3 days


Day 1

0.5h Orientation

1.0h 01 Review of A/R CDM rules


0.5h 03 Recent revision of A/R CDMmethodologies and tools

1.0h 04 Physiological approach torehabilitation of tropical forest

2.0h 05 Case study on registered A/R CDM project in Paraguai


Day 2

0.5h 07 Introduction of practice

1.0h 08 Validation and verification process in A/R CDM: role of DOE

1.5h 09 PDD Practice 1 (Section A, C):Project description

1.5h10 PDD Practice 2 (Section B-1):Identification of baseline anddemonstration of additionality

2.5h 11 PDD Practice 3 (Section B-2):Estimation of carbon removal

Day 31.0h 12 PDD Practice 4 (Section

D,E,F): Environmental andsocial impact assessment

2.0h 13 PDD Practice 5 : Finalize draft PDD

1.5h 14 Presentation, Q&A

1.0h 15 Wrap-up

Closing, questionnaire

Introduction Introduction



Basic level lecture

Advanced level practice


Group Discussion

Group Discussion

Advanced level lectures + Advanced level Practices + some basic level lecture

•Ex. A/R CDM (J) Advanced Course 2012•Advanced level practice

•In the class room•Try writing draft PDD•By JIFPRO staff



•Ex. “Capacity Building for National Forest Monitoring System to Promote REDD+” 2012

•Target: Forestry officers from 12 countries•Length: 8 weeks in Japan




1st

2nd

Week

3rd

4th

Week

5th

6th

Week

7th

8th

Week



1st

2nd

Week

3rd

4th

Week

5th

6th

Week

7th

8th

Week



1st

2nd

Week

3rd

4th

Week

5th

6th

Week

7th

8th

Week

Basic on REDD+, NFMS, Remote sensing

Advanced practice onGIS analysis

Practice on plot samplingIn university forest

Prepare national forest monitoring system based

on their own countries

Class room lecture

2014/3/10 28

Sampling Plot Destructive Sampling

2014/3/10 30

y = 0.1175x1.1953

R² = 0.9776

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000

abov

e gr

ound

Bio

mas

s w

eigh

t (kg

)

DBH^2 (cm2)

Imagery analysis at AAS Sight seeing

2014/3/10 32

•Components of training course should be appropriate for the target trainee, purpose (goal) and length of it.

•Target trainee: Beginners or experts? Policy makers or field staff? •Goal: Overview? Practical knowledge?•Length: 1 day? 1 week? 1 month?

•By arranging modules, appropriate course could be designed!


•Cycle of training course implementation


Draft Curriculum

Discussion

FinalCurriculum

Implementation

Questionnaire/demand check

Offer

•Cycle of training course implementation


Draft Curriculum

Discussion

FinalCurriculum

Implementation

Questionnaire/demand check

Offer

Clarify-target trainee,-difficulty level,-coverage,-length etc.

According to the offer, leader makes draft curriculum-module arrangement,-time allocation,-candidate lecturer.

Discuss about-lecture component-time allocation-balance between lecture and practice etc

-Finalize the curriculum-ask visiting lecturers,-recruit trainees

Check opinions from trainees and feed back it to next time FINDINGS & LESSENS LEARNT

36

•Appropriate design is most important.•Lecture is essential, but case study and practice are also essential to make trainee really understood. If possible, trainee should visit forest .•Only some of trainees could get chance to speak in Q&A session, but almost all of trainees have chance in Group Discussion.•Training is not finished by the end of training course. Relearning (or brush-up) is needed, especially in the field of climate change

Findings & Lessens

•Merit of inviting lecturer from other countries•Detailed information on that country.•Opinion exchange and networking.•Rising of awareness of trainees

•Demerit of of inviting lecturer from other countries

•Language•Limited term of stay

Findings & Lessens

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!

39

PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY LEARNING AND

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT:AN OPPORTUNITY FOR E-LEARNING

Robert J. DidhamSenior Coordinator for Capacity

Development & Knowledge Management,Programme Management Office, IGES

Collaboration Meeting with TGO-CITC21 January 2014

Contents• Background on IGES Capacity

Development Operations• IGES work with e-learning/training

– Long e-learning courses on comprehensive topics

– Short e-training courses on practical tools and skills

– Online Learning Communities

• Role of IGES and partners• How e-learning supports capacity

development?• E-Learning Product Strategy

Background on IGES CapacityDevelopment Operations

• 15 years of policy research and influencing policy decision-making. • Mobilising a broad coverage of research areas and expertise for addressing a

multi-dimensional approach to sustainable development.• Extensive involvement in international policymaking processes and a good

understanding of how these processes work.. These processes include: climate change, Rio+20, post-2015 development agenda and the SDGs, 10YFP on SCP, etc.

• Increasing competencies in developing technical skills/tools. This is most evident in our decade long work on CDM capacity building, but it is increasingly apparent in work on key sectors (ex. forestry, waste, transport, etc.) and emerging themes (ex. nexus modelling, microfinance, technology transfer, etc.).

• Increasing competencies in capacity development/training activities and support for project/program development. This includes support for institutional strategy formation (ex. AfDB Green Growth strategy formation), project support, developing training materials/ courses, facilitating community-based research, and project monitoring & evaluation.

Strengthening of CapacityDevelopment Operations at IGES

• From April 2013, IGES is providing greater institutional strategizing and coordination to integrate capacity development activities as part of our greater influence strategy.

• This work aims to provide strategic support and facilitate substantive, practice-based solutions and training to address priority needs of global, regional, national and local stakeholders, while enhancing the impact generation of IGES strategic research, expertise and outputs.

Recent Capacity Operations

• Blended learning/e-learning course on Science and Policy of Climate Change (with TERI and TDLC);

• Short e-learning courses on practical SD solutions; ex. MRV tool.• Capacity trainings on Market Mechanisms, Clean Development

Mechanisms, etc;• Support and training for the African Development Bank on preparing

a Green Economy strategy for Africa;• Forestry Community Carbon Accounting Training;• SCP’s Factsheets on 3Rs Indicators;• Coordination of UNESCO Regional Consultation on Strengthening

Monitoring and Evaluation of Education for Sustainable Development in A-P region.

IGES work with e-learning and electronic training materials

• As the field of e-learning and trainings developsrapidly, IGES is working to strengthen itscompetency in producing a diversity of suchmaterials. These include:– Long curriculums for distance / e-learning on

comprehensive thematic topics;– Short e-trainings on specific, practical tools

and skills;– Online learning communities , webinars and

interactive web-sessions;– Web-based tools and calculators;– Live TV feeds and streaming of IGES

conferences and events;

Long curriculums on comprehensive thematic topics

• Style: 3-4 month long courses similar to university distance learning programs. Structured in intensive modules (each usually 1-2 weeks long). Modules include reading materials, recorded lectures, a practice exercise, and a form of assessment/ testing. Online discussion and Q&A with professors is valuable.

• Benefits: Long courses charge subscription fee (which is valuable to ensure commitment) and provide diploma/qualification on completion. Content coverage is comprehensive and wide scoping. Commitment of participants ensures continuity and it becomes possible to achieve an online learning community.

• Requirements: Well developed curriculum and content is needed with reading requirements and exercises planned. Multiple lecturers must be schedule. Some parts of the course though online will run in real-time and need coordination. Continual staff commitment is necessary throughout duration of course to answer questions, assess work, provide administration of online community, etc.

• Challenges: Finding target audience. 3-4 month courses can be long for government officers. Mixed audience makes it hard to cover practical application.

Short e-trainings on specific, practical tools and skills• Style: Designed around imparting specific practical skills

and usually linked to explaining a single tool or method for application in workline. Aims to be short (ideally taking around half a day to go through materials). Can have some introduction to context or theory, but quickly moves towards practical/ implementable solutions.

• Benefits: Can be developed from a live training course, and shared freely with wider audience. Instils skills applicable to officers regular workline. Participants are self-selecting and can use product when needed.

• Requirements: Relevant tool & support materials must be well developed, tested, and refined ahead of time. Ideally training has also been tested with live audience.

• Challenges: Hard to provide follow up with participants or build epistemic community.

Online learning communities , webinars and interactive web-sessions

• Style: Contains a diversity of opportunities from one-off activities to long-term engagement. Provides good opportunities to encourage regular interaction within a network by hosting online discussions, lectures, sharing of materials or good practice cases, etc.

• Benefits: Works well when an online, epistemic community or network already exists and there is a desire to support cooperative and shared learning among the group. This becomes a great way to follow-up (and evaluate) other learning courses, and to encourage further practical application into work roles. It can lead to progressive learning among community members.

• Requirements: The platform/portal for the network needs regular management and administration. To keep community interactive, the hosts must maintain a regular schedule of events that they organise.

• Challenges: Building the community in the first place. Continued up-keep and keeping people active over long-term … Relevance remains important.

What IGES can do!• IGES can develop course content over a diverse

range of sustainability related themes (covering science, policy, practice-related topics).

• Good understanding of various teaching, learning, and facilitation techniques to support effective delivery of trainings and e-learning.

• Experience in matching product development to target stakeholder needs/capacity assessment.

• Many existing training/learning materials, capacity development tools, and facilitation methods to draw on.

• IGES can draw on many strong partnerships for collaboration from international, national and local agencies and organisations.

Where partners are needed

• Bringing trainings and e-learning to targetaudiences;

• Additional support for content development;• Further development, testing and piloting of

practical SD tools, approaches, methods, etc.;• Technical capacity for video production and e-

learning dissemination.

How e-learning enhancescapacity development?• Takes training materials to a wider audience and

supports regular usage.• Enhances opportunities to test, refine, and

perfect materials.• Provides multi-dimensional modes of learning

and increases engagement with (online) learners.• Can meet the target audience at their time of

need and in comfort of their own environment; & can support target audience to address emerging issues within their regular work acti.

• Can support the development of a professional network & learning community for co-evolution/design of new knowledge.

E-learning Product StrategyBuild

Competency & Leadership

• Supported by Intensive Courses (either live or distance).

• Aim at providing wide overview of relevant knowledge.

• Familiarity with policy –planning-practice cycle

• Introduce ways in which different sectors, problems, issues can be addressed.

Support Practical Application

• Supported by Trainings on Tools, Methods, and Approaches for applying SD into daily practice.

• Previous competency allows people to identify problem or challenge; this level provides means for creating solutions.

• At this level, ideally develop a diverse toolbox where users can select the right tool and receive training on it for the job at hand.

Enhance Cooperative Learning and Networking

• Progressive learning is supported by gaining shared experience and real-world testing.

• Learning communities can share best-practices, innovative solutions, and address common challenges.

• A learning network can support continued engagement and continual professional development in a proactive manner.

• Aim is to create a dynamic learning environment where progressive co-evolution of knowledge is encouraged.

Thank you for your kind attention!

For Further Information & ContactRobert J. DidhamProgramme Management OfficeInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115 Japan

E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.iges.or.jp/



1

• In the process of developing R-PP (Readiness Preparation Proposal) which already implemented the public participation processes. The R-PP will be submitted to the World Bank by Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP).

2

REDD+ Current Situation in Thailand

• Research on feasibility of REDD+ projects implementation in Thailand

• Develop REDD+ project implementation guideline • Develop criteria for evaluating REDD+ project for

Thailand adapted from international standard (UN-RED, FCPF)

• Develop methodologies of voluntary GHG emission reduction projects in forestry and agriculture sectors

3

TGO Implementation on REDD+

• Participate the committee of R-PP established by DNP • Join the working team for the TREEMAP project (forest

carbon basemap and monitoring system) implemented by DNP.

• (The project aims to develop the capacity at the national level - and, in one region, at the sub-national level - to measure and monitor change in forest carbon and to take advantage of the full range of emerging forest carbon financing and benefit opportunities. Data will be collected from three sources: satellite imagery, on-the-ground surveys and through the use of groundbreaking LiDAR technology. The TREEMAPS project will initiate a pilot initiative in the Dong Phayayen Khao Yai (DPKY) Forest Complex)

4

TGO Implementation on REDD+

• Tools/ technologies for precise evaluating and monitoring forest carbon level which will help applying REDD+ projects in Thailand

• Lessons learned, key success factors, barriers from projects in Japan

5

Possible Collaboration



1

Results of discussion

Objectives

• To strengthen partnerships necessary to manage CITC through visits to related organizations and high-level opinion exchanges.

• To gain information and knowledge necessary to revise project activities through visits to related organizations and high-level opinion exchanges.

• To seek technical support on curriculum development on GHGI, LCS, REDD plus, and others

Thai Delegates

• Mr. Sunthad Somchevita TGO• Dr. Damrong Sripraram TGO• Ms. Prasertsuk Chamornmarn TGO• Mr. Sakol Thinagul DEQP• Dr. Jirapa Inthisang Trochim OAE• Dr. Jakkanit Kananurak TGO

Visited Destinations• 16 January 2014: AIM Project Team, NIES• 17 January 2014: Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment Japan• 20 January 2014: Yokohama City,

: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office (GIO), NIES• 21 January 2014: International Forestry Cooperation Office, Forest Agency, Ministry of

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: REDD Research and Development Center, Forestry and Forest

Products Research Institute (FFPRI): Japan International Forestry Promotion & Cooperation Center (JIFPRO): Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

• 22 January 2014: JICA

AIM Project Team

• Curriculum on ExSS Model and Enduse/CGE Model• ExSS Model : Textbook development and dispatch of experts as trainers

(lecturers) for demonstration , ToT, real training courses for related government sectors

• Seeking support from JICA on Enduse/CGE Model curriculum development for experts

• Conducting a workshop on AIM model by TGO and AIM Project Team to learn basic contents on AIM as first priority (*Dispatch of interns from TGO to AIM Project Team)

• Confirmation with MOEJ whether CITC could use guidebook on AIM for CITC

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

• Very supportive message from DG, MOEJ• Cooperation between TGO and MOEJ for ASEAN Plus 3 Environmental

Ministerial Meeting in September, 2014 (In parallel, TGO will visit ASEAN Secretariat for further collaboration.)

• Consultation on curriculum development with NETI representatives

Climate Change Policy Headquarters, Yokohama City• Curriculum development on LCS:

• Dispatch of experts from Yokohama City for training course for local practitioners on LCS

• Dispatch of experts from Yokohama City for training course for local leaders on LCS

• Curriculum development on GHGI:• City-scale GHGI (as an example for large-scale city)

• Support from Yokohama city on Know-how’s to effectively formulate outreach campaign (YES Program) for citizens

GHG Inventory Office, NIES

• Support from GIO on GHGI curriculum development/ peer review/ lecturers

• Collaboration on organizing WGIA Workshop and back-to-back CITC event in August (4-7), 2014

International Forestry Cooperation Office, Forest Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesREDD Research and Development Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)Japan International Forestry Promotion & Cooperation Center (JIFPRO)

• Support expertise ,key success factors and challenges on develop an appropriate course (curriculum development) for Thailand and ASEAN including calculation tools, instruments

• Expert support on lecturers • Possibility to use REDD-Plus Cookbook as a reference on CITC curriculum• Possibility to develop REDD-Plus Cookbook into Thai version• Expert support on practical remote sensing and ground survey method i.e.

mangrove• Possibility to develop a REDD plus’s feasibility project in Thailand as a

reference case for Thailand

IGES

• Confirmation on cooperation between TGO and IGES for CITC training curriculum development especially in the LCS

• Support from ICLEI through IGES on city actions/activites on GHG management (mitigation/adaptation/inventory)

• Support from IGES Kitakyushu Urban Centre on MRV methodology applicable at city-level GHGI

• Asia Pacific Adaptation Network (APAN) can support training curriculum development and share knowledge at city level

• Collaboration to seek potential lecturers from APAN• Collaboration between TGO and IGES in developing E-learning courses on

LCS and GHGI

Meeting with JICA Expert team

• Training curriculum development on LCS and GHGI• Review on latest curriculum (LCSD for local practitioners, GHGI-Sectoral based)• Decided each organization’s role for development (LCSD for local practitioners)• Meeting with Prof. Sirinthornthep on LCS curriculum on 31 Jan., 2014 in BKK

• ASEAN TNA Workshop schedule: TBC• Visit to ASEAN Secretariat seeking the support to acknowledge CITC as a

key regional training center on climate change for ASEAN • Request from AGMC to CITC to collaborate on curriculum development

and organizing training courses

Summary requests seeking support from JICA• Request JICA support on provide additional expert on CITC business plan development • Support of E-learning course development (after CITC completed training curriculum)• Support from JICA and AIM team for CITC curriculum development, and use guidebook on AIM for

CITC• Curriculum on ExSS Model and Enduse/CGE Model

• ExSS Model : Textbook development and dispatch of experts as trainers (lecturers) for demonstration , ToT, real training courses for related government sectors

• Seeking support from JICA on Enduse/CGE Model curriculum development for expertsCurriculumon ExSS Model and Enduse/CGE Model

• ExSS Model : Textbook development and dispatch of experts as trainers (lecturers) for demonstration , ToT, real training courses for related government sectors

• Seeking support from JICA on Enduse/CGE Model curriculum development for experts

• Support from Yokohama on LCS and GHGI curriculum development, particularly city-scale level• Support from GIO on GHGI curriculum development/ peer review/ lecturers

Summary requests seeking support from JICA

• Forest agencies: support expertise ,key success factors and challenges on develop an appropriate course (curriculum development) for Thailand and ASEAN including calculation tools, instruments

• Expert support on lecturers • Possibility to use REDD-Plus Cookbook as a reference on CITC curriculum• Possibility to develop REDD-Plus Cookbook into Thai version• Expert support on practical remote sensing and ground survey method i.e.

mangrove• Possibility to develop a REDD plus’s feasibility project in Thailand as a

reference case for Thailand

Thank you very much

5 Materials for training in Japan - 1st Project Year (25 November

Documents

Transcript of 5 Materials for training in Japan - 1st Project Year (25 November