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First Li~:.itx~~t First Lieuc.a n..!nt.

Convening , .. Jthori t~Placc of 1'1·icl Date cf Tri:.::.. :<...

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PilELiiTL:tI :.z::.~ .K 3 •••• •• . . . . . . 4- 5 5- 39 EVI DENCE • • • • .

a . Pr c: scnted by Pr os .:cuti.on • . . . . (1) Tre Interrogc.ti on ••• (2) T~ T!·iaI. , Verdict u1d

E;~ .:icut i on • • •

. . . . . . 9- 18

(3) Tre Japant:se itecord cf Tr i:'. J b. For t re D0f en SC • • •

DISCUSSIOi~ • • • • • • • • • Bill of P~~ticulars • • • • • .

.18- 26 '2£ - 'Zl

(1) L:ieute:1Dnt Gcner:\l iinru.kci I::;ayoro •• 40 ( 2) Colonel Seiichi F-.!l·ukc·.m. • • • • • (3) Lic:.itcmnt C:>loncl '.lc. rit::. V.~ Su;,iura

U - 42 l~-43 ia- 44 (4)

( 5) (6) (7)

Ccptci."1 Yoshie :~:.:ktn o • • Ccp tain Ta d<: o I to • • • • • • • • • lJ~-45 Captain i.::isah<'.ru i.~1.tsui • • • • . First Licutcn.:.nt J itsuo !)Lte

• • • • • 45-/~

( 8) Fir st Lie ut cna rt Ken Fujil<.:-.wn • Indi•1idual Guilt of th c :.cc u~cd

I sayruna • Furukawa Suciura •• Nokano • •

. . . . Ito . . . .

. . .

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. . . . . . Lfatsui . . . . ' . o~tc •••• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fujikawa

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r.E. .. o:;.uA!:":"EtS :· . .JI lai{G :c,D .Ur.:.rE .• S O); ~ ~...!'.C Office of t rc Stti.ff Judre .,dvocat.c

.~o 909 23 Septerrber 1946

SJBJECT : ~cvie ·. 1 of ~he :ieco1·d of Trial l>y a · ilitary Co;ri. .. Tiission of t!aru!~ei Isa~rama , Li-;uten.:nt General , J£1.p[l!1ase An:iy, et al.

TO Comr.w.ndi ne Gener al, ~!ankinc; fieadque.rters Cornm n:i , nPO 909 .

1 . a . 02rEi!SES:

(1) Lieutenan t Gener al f-!i\ :~UKEI IS!\YAl~ .

11That on or betMeen 14 April 19h5 and 19 June 1945 ,Li.eut enant Gener a l Har u>:ei I::a:'a:a. , of l he Japan0sc 10th nrea /1rmy, while a Ste.to of rJar e;d.sted cet..:e•3n Japan and : he United St ates of ,\merica, did , at Tr~ihoku, For~osc.i. , willfull.,r, unlawfully t:!nd wr ongfully, co mnit cruel, inhuman ;md brutal atr ocities and other offenses at;ainst certain ,\tnerican Pl'i9:)ner s of · iar , by perm:i.tti~ a nd participating in an illeeal and f alse trial <m d unl.ll.\lful ki lling of sai d prisoners of · :ar, in vi ol ation of lhe l n:rs and customs of rrar . 'J

(2) Colone l SEIICHI FU!WK. : J.:i. .

"Tnat on or :;tit•;;ccn )),. :.pril 1945 <>..nd 19 June 1945 ~ Colonel Seiichi l"urukm:a, of lho Jap.: nvse 10th . .ri;a :..i·. ! · , H!i ile a State of · 1ar existed bet .een Jup <'.n and the Unit, ed States of 1\tner ica, did , at TaihoY.u, For ... os3 , ~ illfuU·· , unlmifull;· .:n d ·:l!'ongfully , comr:ri. t cruel , inhw.'E.n ancl bru t<l.l. at.rocitit;s a nd othe:c offens.3s against cert<1.i..1 r~.:cricnn Priooncro Ol' ·:a!· , b~r per.1:it tin& a nd partici pati ng in an ill-a[al 2nd fa.ls~ trie:d :!nd unl;:: 1.ful ki:.linf; of said Prisorl0rs of ·:ar, in ·r.i. ol&t.ion of t,re l~\'IS and custo.:\S of war . "

(3) Li..! ut..:n<:n t Colone:l i: .... ~IT,.K,.,. .9JCilW.A.

'' 'i'nat. on oi· between 21 :.<.L;· 1945 and 19 J~ 1945, Lieutenant Col onel , then lnjor, l:<.rit.a~C). Suf;i ur _; , of tha J !!pan..:se 10th "rea .• rn.y, i!'1ile a St::.te or .:er existed bet.· :~..: n Japan end t'.-i .:; Unit ed Stat~s of 1u1.erica , and as a 1:1Jn '.Jur or a Ja:;Hu1 .)SC 1.ilita ry Trit ... unD.l , did , at Tail10ku, For f.1osD. , :·d. 11.fully, u11la-.1fully .:n d wrongf ully, com.r.J.t cruel, inhwnDn c. nd b1u tal atrocitj os , and ot re r oi'fenses against ccrt.:ri. n . ..ncr icc.n Pr!..so ncr· s of ·.•ar , by :--er.i t. 1ine c:id participatini:; in D.n ilk gal c:nd f nlse triu 1 md unlc:.:ful k.i.llint; cf s cd.d Priro1.e:-s af ·iar, in ·1iolation of tre 1:.H., anJ c usto::lS of ·:1~· . 11

- 1 -

(4) Captain YOSllIO iLK...r;o.

"cha rge; :

"Thu.t- on o r bctucen 21. i:a..y 194> ~cl 19 Jure 19l.5 , Capt ain Yoshio Nnkano , of ~:.v Jap<•ncsc 10th .• r~n .~rr.iy, 7h ile a Stt?.te af :·l:l.r Existed bet·.:een J.:p r.n .:tncl i he Unit 13d Ste?.tes of , .1er ica, en d us a r;er.ioer ci <:.. Japc.ruso l.ilit~. r~r Tri bu.1'•1 , did , .:i.t T.:ti.hoku, Formos~ , ·.ri.llfully, ·· ron®LJ.ly ~d unlJ:. ;full;.' co1nr.U.t cruel , inhumun Md bm ta..l atr ociti0s •.n cl othe r of f onses ag:ti. nst ccr tci n • ..mer icnn Priso ners o.f · ,J.r , by !)ormitl int -nd p:.. r tici;:intinG in a n illegal c.nd f~l0 .:? triul ·n d tU1l:.·1.ful killinc of stid Priso ners of · ie r , in vi ob tio n of the k'. ·.1s <'~"lcl c us to rrs cf · ;u· . "

(5) Cnptcin T.'.o:.c IT O.

11Cha!'ge· :

"Th.:i.t on 01 · b0t:: .:J:-t .?.l 1 "..;; 19l~5 .- ;ct 19 .Tune 1945, Captain, th:!n Fir ~t L~,,;nt .n·nt , T.d-~ Ito , of tit0 J.:>.p."'.nJ sc 10th .'.rca ,·,r:.iy, :hil :i ·. St:~t..? cf ·.1:-.;· •::~Lst.:?d ~.ct1 10-.! n J:r::'.n · nd ch3 United St~Les of .r.cric:-·., n d · .s :: I.Cr.1b0r of r. J;p ·-ri... !;IJ . :ilit~'.ry Tribun."l , did , c.t T.:>.ihoku , For ... '.)s_ , '.i lliull~,, :1 ro116fully nd unl<:.•:1fully commit cru e l , inhWl'i!rl :-.r.c: t ru t.:-.1 :\t r cc iti<.: s ·.n<l otrc r off~ns0s G~inst ccr t l'.in . .:.1..: !"'.i.c .>.n Prixncr::; of :·~i· , by pcrrittin,z: ncl p~rtici~ti ne in r.n i llcg.:>.l :-. n.d f:-._s. t ri:•. l ·,nd unl<.Hful killht'.:: oi s:-·i d Prisonors of ;. l~.r , in ·fiol". tion 0f t.:1:: k_·.1s · nd cu~torrs of · ·~.!' . 11

( 6 ) C:-.pt~in ; ~ .S . .l!..iilJ :~ . TSUI.

11Thi.'.t on or bct'.f.;c n 21 : .... ".~' 19 h5 nd 19 Jure 1945 , Cai:t c.in , tr.c n Fir st. Lic..it.cn-.nt, , :.:r. sr.h~.ru : .. r.tsui , cf th:: Jr-.pm-p sc 10th ,·.re.::. . . r.n:·, ·::nile c St.:>.~e cf .r.r ..::.istcd bcc:m:: n J;;:-.:-.n ~·1~d the Unit ed st~tcs ">f . .r.:cric:-., ~n d .:.s i.'. r.cmbt;)!' )fr. J~.;n.n..30 ;.ilit:-.r~· ~ri buntl , di. d , l'.t Tri !'!olm, i-'orr.1os~ , '.ri. llfull:,·, unlt!-.1ful~r :n d :n"O nt)'..t l!. :,r, commi t. cru~l , ir.h~:.n ::nd brut, r.l ~.:.rociti-:s ~nd ct..l:c !' of.fcnses age.inst cer tain . .moric:-.n Prisoners of H::i.r , by 9-.;rni.t.tin[; -:-nd !)c.rti ci;>.;ting in en ill.:e:-.1 :-.nrl f <:.l3c tri :\l e.nd unla·.rful killinc cf sd d Prison~rs of :i<:.!·, i!'l violr.tion of tnc: 1. ...... ,s md cu::;toms C: ·,r~- . ''

(7) ' Firs t Licut::ru.11t JI 'i'SUO D •. ra.

Ti't. t on or bct·.;00n 21. :.::-.~· 1945 nncl 19 Ju~ 1')45, Fir::;t Ll.eut cmrnt , then S::cond Ll.rmr,_ runt , ,Jit,:mo O.-·.tc , d ' :.he ,T ·'.pr.n.. s~ 10th .. r e:. .. r<.1y, :1hile i.'. St:-..tv of · im· -lxi. st ed botu0cn J.:p~.n ".nd th c United St:.tv s of ,Jncric" , ".nd ·. s : rn/Tlbpr of .'.\ J .".p;:m Ge : ili t.".ry Tr·ibtm:-1 , did , :t T<'ihoku, For :;ic::;::, ~·!i llful ].:r, unl:-.wfull:: ·inr..i .:r on: J~ull;:r , commit c1u ·~:l , inhUr.1:.n -.rrl bru t.-.1 :t.mc:i i:,lJs :·:1cl ochc1· of:: ..:n:; .::s c.c:dnst cor tc.in . .:~.cricr.n ?rison.J?'s o f · ::ir, L;· p...:rni tt.in·· ·r:.ri p-.ri:.ici .. c.ti:1g in "J1 ill0r;:l -. nd r~.::>u ~,ri:'.l -n<l U.'11 ,·ful l:illir:[ o." s:i d ?ri sonor5 o; ··:..r , i n ·J:i.oJ::tion of 1 ! . . l·•1s ~. n .. cust.o'.':ls of i'f~tr . 11

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l <Ju: ;,· l/!.6 ; Tr.i. ·l , l Jul y l'/l/J to 25 July 1946 .

Pl0".s Finding::; S0rt once s ---- --~ H.JWKEr IS"Y ,J :."., Liru ton~.nt G0 n-..: r"'l ,

Chief of St ::.ff, 10 t h Arc<'. .'.r r.r:J

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(L) :.e ~<"'te..: : .:, 1.::~~r;r*Jt.:; !l!!'i:--,c:· interr?[:.:ior.~ ')f ..... :·: e;.;.·! ! .. .:.i/e·J (?.·o~ . ~- · .: . l ; :. 5~ ['°Inter rogations d:-~ted l) .:ar.u.:ir :· 19!.5 , 21 ~:arc!. 19i.) o~ .~- r o ; dated ll January 19£.5 ~ :-.t: ;1 :zrc! . _;·.:;of J.:.;; ·1c:1J ) . :;c·: p:.i~es , additiom l ~ or dsc:r:1 C:: !'!'~c;:,.:..nw . rr.: <J.::.e·.· ir. t .csv rer.:>;·ts (~ 57) . ~dro stated that '. .:is m 1.1tt.nc!c1· -. .·~:; .'.ll:;~ys t•.?lli~t. -..c:::. not. to attack ci vi.liar. house::; Ll't _; ci::ilL:: s (::! 58) . O:i t,re ir i?;ter :-ogation " ld:-o l.'ld : .cVe:· s'...£..t :::! tr. :.t t:n:r s<s.·.; ;:l.....ne s or. th-.? LTiund , the ai;~I'.i.cld :1~.s a gras.:- fiel d •,1it:hout conc:-etc r ur.· ra:· , t!1a t i t must rave beim ide!!tified as ar: t.. irfiu l d b:: the pilot . . .ldro di. d net say tha t s.:.. nee the object of ·a:- i n to breal~ th e fi ht i nc morale of the ~neny it is mt re cessul"'J t o 3trict.1J dif.' erentiate between Lilitar::r er non- :nilitc:?.rj' tar ge t s . ~ie 1.iade no st~.tci:ents that contradic t'3d t re intc.c::a t.i onal law (R 58 ) . JU.dro and ! :cVey did state t hat since U1e r t:l case r:e clrnnis:.~ vms fault ·r t re one bomb they dropped nitht have drorpcd outside the ai1·f i e ld (2 77) . T113 wcr ds "ir. ci ·1ili.an hou3es" and 11in t !l: nt::i.[!1.,or hood 11 ·re r e added (~ 59) . ?~y sa\'! t he to~.n of T:-~~·to Lut ·a d not s :-·: · :hoy attacked it. (R 59)

( c ) Ee act ed a s inti: ri'1·0 tc :· clt.ri rr th e i nt erroea t.:i on of Hartle:· or. 2~ i :arch l~L..5 .:nd ?. .~rril 19!.5 (?ros . Ex. l!o . 9; ~ 60) . 7h:3 ·.or.:!.:; ''non- r::ilita:·y csta~lis hr.en ts '1 a.nc! 11i:1c!i. scriL.i.nately I S l.!".?:f cd 11 ..... C l'\J .:i..i..icd t.J t: .·.: r~ort u~ UJ ) . Sar tle:1 deni ed tm.~ .. cid2.i«r. hou::;..)s orcivili<::: ~ o.· ci·1ili:-.n cars were his target(~ 61 ) . ri<!!'tk:' ciC.:. sn:· t:.:.t l 0c.'.lu:rn of t~ ci.r high speed it is :::.;. r 1 t o ~ ~-.i: r.~sl. cl. j~cts ·.r:~ tl~ at. it is possible to shoot :--er 3::mc i:' t ;..., :· :trc i:. ~ !1.: n·-::i t~ . uo r:1ooc • f t a r ec t s (a 79 , 8C) .

(d) :;~ ~so int~:-- !'·.:t-d durir-t; ~;aJ i.."lt.cr rogation of Spivey on 23 1 • .c.-..rci-. 19-5, tr • .! .i.ni.~r :·ocation of I..e::rrr.mc c on 6 t:c.r ch 19.'i.5, t.nd t'.ic 14 .. arc:i of Riggs (Pros . 3x. ;Jo. lJ ; ;{ 1 , 62) . :iph·oy ' :; i n1..cr !·ocution ·11as unch a.nc:ed (R ul) . To Ll: .. -rJncc ' s i:1tc r ."Og.::..tion t..."D ·;t0r ds "upon ·.ihich l ooked lik~ a ·,i.llc.t:e 0 n ' .. re: !; :a sho;.·o 11 ·.!e ro ;:i.ddcd to his sta t:::i.E: rt the t 11·:;c ±"op pod :>ix 1000 1 ound l-o rr.bs " (Fl. 61) • Tho f:ir s t i nterrogati :;n of :ti &:s co:-1~:i:. ·:."<i no :.. <.ini.ssion of ir.tliscriI.inatc: l:o;-.'ai. n.:; er s:. :·:-tfil:c., (~ 62 ) . :-~ :b .; s0ccnd st-:i. te-r.-cn t ·.:cr"j udd~J t:u lin:: s "At tr.<~t ti .. 1.. I tr. 01..:..:_!: t it w~~3 ·:;:-~ stc-f~l to d ro;:> ~:;.on t!:e sc:a t'.-'e 001::· .... s ·:ni c.l. \:r: r~:.d ;;arr i..!d all U n wa:r" and 111 toougii. ·:1tJ ~::ti o3t tar ~!t:..\. ¥.: .. t:r.or.;; sid.:: b:r :i:'O?J.i l'lt ':r.e::-. upor: -.::o l w1d 11

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fucilit-i .:?s , railroad and trn.'1sportt.tion ccrt, crs .::n d t[f:.t if they could not locat3 th e ir ooj.:c• .... i'1.!s the~· somc1,ir.',•.!S attacked cities and ot-hc r pl~ces (Pros . Ex • • :o. 12).

(t) I n' r. <.lfid:.vit of fc1·0d L'' ti11.: !iros.Jcuti.on (Pros . Ex. ::o. 52; R 190) Ll. ... ·..:.t~r.:m~ Cormr. nd1..r Jo~.n , rhvcdt , U . S . N . ~ . , st:-.t~s th:.t on 12 OcLorJ r 19J..!, , :cci· .... ar' ·'.:".s r t•.dio man in his cr~'. F ··.nd on lo:r.r.in£ :n.i:;s; or.;, r ... :n·i n.Jd r. i'1:~v 1 ,tl!1r1-.. r to ward off :-.er :L::l .~tt.:.c~ . Tn ... ~· ·:n1 · ~ l.'ri-.:fotl v ..: "j' thor 1q_-:1ly ~d wc1·c instruct ~d not to hit. ".n:,:i.; .1nL· but r.l.i.liL "'.lY t · .. ·· ;t~ . The ~irficld at T·.inoku •.::·s o:n of t...°'li:..:lr s..:o:>nd·., ... t: r ·,:,~ . B.:!cr.usc af :iow hc.n Q.n:: clouds il·.! cc.:.i l<l n ) I,, ,::i·1v <. d.!t~i.L,~ • .. t.)::;cription of the fi. c:ld from obs.n·v,:>+~);1:; L ")i.~ \..h .... "1~11..: . Th.;r "!Jr .J l ::id into trc field by tr.C ::i·fi:;ion 0011:r..:>.nd.:r . !:c' r.l'.d.v ~ diJ!. vi~'OU(fl t oo cloud:J =nd c.s ::<.. 'o-_· ..: ~ ic: · ,d :-. l:.r"-. !.: ~ -~1· on ·.~fr '1 to drop his Comb . 'l'r.C pl :.n.J :i".S .·it .h~..:.J U .:1.,S . vn th1.. t:1i!'Q :lit t:hC pl.'.'.nc rolled ov~r .:~'1 '1 re . ;J. ~.v...:~ t. ·-' :-c t:."'..t c,i,.\.: ~:cC:' .:?~r~r bail ed out a.· 1:.:ft. t.!'L. L.nJ • .• ...: .1Pn~t,;..:.-l to fi c,':t · 1:J p.L-mc a ::id get bnck to th v t .. :fr .• r .. 1 • . • ~~·- , ~- il~d out .:-.!'1ct rm::; pic k...:?d up. He did not str:.f::; tnc ~ ·.: ':':~·~ , ... rm...:r Li,:cCrc: r:~ 7 ·.;~s f acing a.ft and it \ 'IC.l :> ir:lpossir 1: i ":.- .-:.r.. t.o sl-r::.f c .

( c) .Jn:r? ~nJ L•.n_:io~ti .1.Jr., ...:ac:~ .' ;;tcr!·ogatcd i n Octoc.)r l~-5 r scc pc:>.1· . )(c.). l O)(o) 2~7 ~.n .. , e.eain in i.;ar ch 1945 {"soc pt:.r . 3(:>.)(11) suor:l (Pros . Ex • • :o . U ) . In hits Octobor 1944 i:-H.:.!rrotc.ti J n it is tl lut;\.!d that S!'":<:.rp ~:: v.J .1i s per sonal history J.3tl..ils )f hit tr~i nin£ c. nd expcriD n cu :•nd detail s of his units r:1d cOin!).)Si ti on . Tho rulce;ed stateim nts as to str:>.:'i.J1[ ci ·J.i.li .! . nous ... s rnd C. villAgc wcr.;) f a lse (R 6J) . In his J.iarch 1945 st.:.tertcnt it :i!i ru..:s5..:d that She.rr r di'.'.itted that re r ealized tm b.;il:lin~;s bvlov; {"T.:i.nsui A.re:. , 12 Oct 19L;4J mi@1t be of e. non-r.Ulit~ ::· n.:>.ttL ' w 1:.ut th :. t he rrc. clc ~n ~.nti:'tl<lating attack with +,m vil.l.:>.[...: '.'.3 :.:.\.! ccnt;r ; th:.t .=d. rc c i t '.1r.s ·:ar t hey could not hfil.p ~ut ki H ""nd .; n j U;.· .! ci 'lli. lic.ns . In his October 1944 sto.t~ ..• cnt i t i .~ ·.11\J, ; • tl1 ·.t l/>nr;iotti ::_c:> ve h is pt1roonal hi stxy , d ... :.:..ils af i.is tr.:-i•1i . ~- ' dut i J:; : .nd -xp...!:·i0nces . This stetcr.iont c.11.J[.in: -;:,n t. t.h-:;-t.... ck-.<l n vi l.L:".;.J ·n d houses was f .:.lse (R ~6 ) . I.1 .1i:; : ' .!"Cl1 19!..5 :;t:-t~r.mt it :i:3 rll,_,;..)rl that Lnngiot ti ad.r:'ittc:d th-t !:; ,ti.1.,s t:1..:..,- e.tf..'.lck civili·~1 ~ouscs situated in '"' ·.icini:.:r of . ilit"lry J. j.: ctiv~s .

\~. ) Ahi!"c . · .. ;; i.?!: , r !'OL .... t_ 1 ir . .J.:r.u: ~-· 19i . .5 :ind ac;ai. n i!'1 :.:"".!'ci; 19'-5, .:!s ~ .-D.z ; c·:_·· :-;..,~ par . 3("' )(1·~)(b) supr.::i.) . I t :b .::i.11-&.:d ~:::.t tb:.~· ga\·..: t: .... ir pcrsor~." l '.1i:>torfos , det;.ils of treir t.r .. ::.r.in. :- :111 ..,:-:p0riJJr.C.! - n .. u1...t 'i1:: 01' t.:-:c ir W1its (Pros . Z.-.:: , :::i. D) . :''L-ir ".111.!r\.~<l sV.t~1,1-.n ~ .... C'l .c-.s in viola ti on of int crnr. '-i >nal l~'-' wcr o : .ls.:? .:'n<l ·.;.,r .: ".ddcd .:' ftur tho~· were question.Jd ,;i 'T , 5,) .

(0) Li·.:u .... n;..nt (j . r . ) ·.:illi:v .. l' • i.0::;::, , < ritn..;ss for -(',_, ;:ro s.:cu'...ion t_:::Lii'D..0tl ti1".L .. 1....tro ·,:<.r:. ',i~ r .-·.diomnn r.nd l~cVcy '.·:~3 his , urn.e r :i;-, thl.! ~· ".id 0·1or °:'"".ito nirfi.o1d on 4Jr.nu~!'Y1945(~176 , 17'/) . '.i': t.it· ?:JII. c".rl"i...:d. ten 100 pound bombs (176) . T!'1c~r ·:;0 -:.· ...: b~·Lf..:d 1n io.' to t! .... r :-.i:l ·. nd · 1u1·e told th .:!t :-. i ·na ng on Luion 'l::s :-l.11r.-<1 on') J ~nt'.~·y 19!,5 .::.nJ tfi>.t t heir r e.id ·.n3 t.o °r': .·1...: .:i.::; :.>r:L:~rJ ob~;ctiV'.J , ".i"'C!"" f t , .:>.rd s:}cond.'.lr:,-· obj ..:cti V·~ , sni; .tJir.t ·• 1'" ·- ir objc c ti v ~ ·.;<..s t .. ~ ~.ir fie ld at T.'.lk~o (~ 176) . Ti~ · ;.;.:>.the!' ·. !O.S br.d , but a i'i[!1 t.;r !'.lDnc .::sco:-ting t.ihlr .• f ound -. :~ o:~r.5.r.t. ~·: .... . ~ i.. .. ...: fi ..,ld . T .. : er<-u:)

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( g) Li. · '.lt- n~J1t J 0hn ? • .J..)!"t..· .1.~ , ; i. tncss, tc!>tifi cd t i'!l t. i:r.th .-::n·.: ·, P'.l d~ B :.n, C.•rt~1· , .ils o:1 rnd Pr.rkc r ·:;ere r.ombcrs of his c:v: 01; ;;! . .! n~t.rol r _c:»1n.'.i.:;5 .nco i!" ti:.) Formosn />J' Ja (R 202) , ~vl t: ,-.t :-.'.1:):-'0~.chint ..... . Y. .o .... r.c~· first SllW some ~11 Jc.pt~ .. ..:S-.; i' fa,.i."1 ~· '.10"'. ... S (:1 20)) : ~1il.:h th~~- did not att ack. : !c~.r ln: !·.i~c.o h-. · s·-·.1 f ou. ..n ips in ~ n t_l ~ liro and they :itt:.cl<c<l t:: ~ 1: '>t J ..... .:..1 t.:1' .. L-·oup thc.r, '.l<'.s ·"- s ug:·.r dog (R 2D4) . A ru ::· .. ~ c.b [.; j o:; '-· ·: ::;s..:l Gn~r.th::Jrc frcM 50 t o 100 t ons ( R 204) . Ji0 :r.1 r;;cci '!O t-:sts or. 11!Lcogniti on of Ships o:nd hlrcr".ft 11 b~- t.h::i i1l:r~' ir. i. i :; t:---Uning (il ~~9) . Fr om his instruct i ons nn~· ·r.::ss.::: in V ·. r, ·~on.J ~.h~t ro uld b0 cl nssificid through the i r rcc:..gi}ltion ; roce:d1.r c!'> ·.!:.::; .,,ob::; 0'.>'.13 i dcr cd <J.n enci:ry vessel (R 201.) . ':'"·i5 ::i::i p fi. ~· c! b:.c:: r.t 1.hor.: n:nd sh ot them cbvm (R :n4) . 1:'1;;~· cr:-. . .,:1:H.: L! ... o t:._ so:~ (1 4)5) . Th'1 s urvi. vors ·.1er -:i .:':ir s:, t. .. :~er, t .) :-. . r:.: · nv '.d ! ".rb1·.: :-:c 1 .:<·.o ( ::-: 205 ) . He wns ask.:?d t .Jr. or fift ... ::i.: -.~~ ..:s-v..'..:.::::; the:.:. (:~ 205) . Th:)~' ·.1ere t hen taken to :r:::,· !-:::l .d ~--... r J.J:• :::> , • • ,.:. 2) :::il.).3 ::~ -.. T.:>. k~o where he w~~ int::lr.·J:;•.t.x1 : ::·.~. · ::>!' _.:!_ ·:0 ti; .. ..... :: :. ·! ~.: · ... "or :- ·.·0ek ubout e ve r:' su'..j.)c t , r.il:i. t.~ r ; · -.nd non- .. ilit .. r:· (h 200 . :-b ·:r~s not int c r rob.:.t.;d .:i.bo·..:t. i.~-:.::.sc1· ;_ .. .im.t c ix>1 : .. :1 ' or s:.!~<'-fin[ (R 2)6) . They -.1or 0 i:.'.-':0 .. t,·::.m to T-.iho' :·.! • .nC: c ·r.fin :.d (:. 206) . Bcrtr<. ng ·:1<J.s int::rr0:~:.t~d :-.t i' i '1oi{U t:,· l i:1k3.no (?. '2JJ7) . He wns never <J.cci.:.s..:d of i::c.li.::i-;ri. .i.:1-.t,, str·.fin._ -. t ::ny t i 1;.(; .:>nd did not know t hl'.t his Cl'C:'. • \lvl'c <>.c cus.:.d of in:l i scrii.tl.nnt e straf ing ( it 2:>8) • .Jv:ir f iv- or s i:: cl '.ys , he ·.1C'. s fl.o·.m to Ja pan. His cro·.: did n0t ·. cco .. 1~-J1:,' hi M ( R 20C) . ~!..: •.ras not ace used of indi scri.minc.t .;. lD •. .bi ng or s trn.fi nc ~fter r .Jnching Jo.pan. He H~s l.ib:)rD.t.Jd on 1 ScpterrLcr 19h5 (R A.19) .

(h ) The pr oscc uti.on int r och.t c0d in evid0 nce a r eport by C:;pt:-.i.n &d:..o ::oi ko of th c fil ootinc do•m of a B- 24 (sic) on 28 Janunry 1 91+5 bv c rub- chaser commm dccl b; Lt . Sruncshita (Pros . Zx. l~o . 55) .

(i) In :-. s i bnxi stut<:mm t of f ered by ihc pro secution (Pros . Ex. ::o . 56) L.i. ...:utcn~ :, Sar.Jshita, conml'.ndor of the sub-chas.:::r inv~lv.;J ir1 d.1· ~tt:-.ck by a B-24 (sic) on 28 January 1945 . The s~ri? .:i.ttr.ckod ·.:.:i.:; a f cr mcr fishing vess e l t oken over by til e Jap~sc :'.=1:.ry :n C.: r.1~.d.J i nto l'. sub- destroyer . It vras the l :\st r::£ four S'liFS• 1'!°'..J oti1urs i'lere civilian s hips-cargo. Tho ship at,tc.cked--ti'e Yoko •. ~aru, ·1~s nrr.100 '.1ith one 5 c . m. short 6l ns ; t·.10 l Jr..;i 1..:-.c:lin) guns ; one 7 mn !i\."..Chine gun ~ nd 20 depth char ges .

( j ) Lc.·:1r ~mca ~d :ti ggs each ii ore i ntarroro :itcd three tinos c'.lnd Spiv~y t· ;ico, in :.:~rch 19/.i.5 ( Pros . Ex. ilo . 13) . He <J.llu{>od that they g::..vc their porson:tl histories, d.Jtcils of th eir t ru.inint; end experi.Jn c ... . L:i·.rrenco is oai.d t o IT. v c st~ted thnt in th a r r'll' s t r tid over Forr.1osc. th~· could not locnt c their tar get r.nd r.:?lc :>.scd six 1000 pound bombs at :>. point thnt looked like trc S'lore ; on t h:: s econd r cid they \'TC r e hit by rr.tici. rcr.:i.ft fire <:nd he di. d not know ·.1hcther th::: b::> r.1bs wer~ rcb~scd or rot (Pros . Ex. No. 13) . L:t··:renc·..: 1 s st"'.toncnt of Z) . "..rch \i<'.s falsified to t In effect th.:-. t N is alleged to h"\ v r: s"id thnt the~' d ropp.Jd six l ()(X) p0und oomhs 11upon ".. pl ".CC: ;h ic•. l~o!~~cl like a village on th.J s 3c.shor e 11 (R 61 ) . !lieBS i !3 ·~lle[-d t0 :-r. w s.'.'id th-..t on th e .ftr s t r,·;ro r r.ids over For :r1os.:. b~ ...:-; coul•\ n )t s . .c t he ll'

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experience , and that concerning the 27 Februa:-y :·:0 J h'3 si:.atad tha t t hey came nver :·Ii.tr. t.h e c!:,5 ·ctive af s-.rufi.r ~ -:~ objectives , that r.:1e ·,;e:-.:.i:e:- ·-..s io'Y.i ~nJ ·~ ·~.' 1-r <r'd sk'.!fed land objects , and t,rr,.~ durin his five Jarx.n"s~ fj_( •• crs engaged than and his pl ane ::<:..s r.it (Pros . ~: . .. _. ) . i~is s econd interr ot;at.i0n was .:~:.;.:::;if.!.o ! b;· t.Jdl...... ." r1· ds ''non-military establis ,·.ent s 11 ·nd lli:-t:li.;;c.·i ... ~ .. r:.t.f'l·, I str:•fectrr (R 60 ) . Hi s ti:i?'d interro ~t.i.,n ·12.:- f12.::>i1.ied b·1 the a".idition of the words 11~.r ri.B I :·;as s~:·~-·j:it.. .it11, t .!i.stirl~t• i!'hint: betneen rtllit.ary :ind non-... ilit :...i·y est~' l is·1 •.. ents en larrl 11 (h 61) . He could not €i ve any clear ~.-:: res;.icn of di. s t'i!1(".li sh i rg military ca1·s fro ... ci ·Ii li<m mot•n· cars (R 7) ) .

( ::) The a f f idavits of Captain D. J . Lai rd , U. S. hrmy .~ir Corps .es~:-·re nn1 of ..,:•!.t ..in i)::.niel ! ... . ::;i1erry, U. S. h.r~r :\ir Fcrce:; .:ere ofi' ered into e v:id ence ~-- the prosecution (?ros. Ex . :b:; . 5.3 , 51..) . Lai.· ' st.ar.ed that on Z7 February he wat. i n t re fJi.:;: t ·:ith rfo.rtl.e:; OVdr Formosa . They were t o}.d it was to be a fi~tor sweop for ~.Y aj rcraft :in the air only c'.illd th e y ;:ere t.o fl~ c..:. ·1 , 000 :cet er niwer unless attacked. D1TifE the i r i1.ii,i't :ner ?cr raosa lhe-.t •·1er e approacted by two el etrent:; af enemy plc..ms , one ab ove t-h e other . :-le and Hartley took tl:e loaer ele .. ient e..nl cng:ic;~d them. Four EnenrJ J.>lanes came at. th-=ir :-ear and in e va sive acti on trey .r:c.de a power di_ve to tree to;:> level. The/ made Cl cli.i:in£ :.ur n to about 11, 000 feet . 7::en =-:ar t.ley dove ri6ht throu€h the many fo nnation fo llowed b:· Lai rd . Laird :it?.d dif fic ..U. t:- in !t'ollowing him because nartley ·.1a s f lyinu dircctl~, into the Sl n, <!.nd he lost him. On this n.ission thq,· fl.cw at 7000 f eet until :hey net tre merny. It i.Ould h ave been i:.1ros~ i.,l0 to s t r a.fi:: gr0und targets (Pros . Ex. Xo. 53) . Cherr:· stated the.t :.e ·.u:.s on the mission on Z1 Fcbruaiy . In the COl.lbat •:.i tr. the tmem:· planes Hartley di sappear ed. r!e did not sec !! is plane eo do·n n ro r hoar hiJn over the r adio a f ter th~ co11b-.t. b~c~ . T'rc ir .1l~nes did not ca rry oo r.1os und ti: c only shots fir \Jd \ter e at th = Jr-panese fighters tra t attacked ther.t in th~ vicinity cf Teichu. Thay were brief ad :.o c cnduct <:. fi.E!lter Si'teep over Formosc.. ru d Her e specifically b riefed not to do £ny strufint; on An ~r ground tar get s 'l.hatsoever (Pros , Ex. tio . 54.)

(!5) In a writ ten state:r.cnt duted 18 .:..pri l 1946 Gcn~ral Ancb L p:--ior t o :,is suic i doJ statad the militci.!";)· lail ";as issuod in early Cctooor 1944. The Formos<ln Arlltf hc:.d br oi<cn aw:iy fror.1 tr.c SUprer.c Co:nmamd and ~ s t.::bli med <:· n i ndq, cnlcnt cof.'ir.nnd . The i:,-roat uir raid in October 1944 killed a [:,rea~ number of ci vi lians and ho ~ras of !1:..: opinion that the iunJric<tns rod started ind.iscr:i.r.ina t a oornli n c . For th is re~son ho believed t hat ca ::;turcd aimen should be r.cld "' S ;1ar cri r.ri.ml su sp~cts <lnd t ri.Jd bef<r e a :ili t<lry t r:i.buna;.. . The Azilly Judicial D~partm..-nt con!'i re d and intcrrocatcd tro ~spccts ·.:h i lo the C..mdarmo1'ic ~ district polico carried ::>ut. invcsti sati ons . Tlier c ·:er .:: 1 /1 suspec ts , and a f CM other .s \1h ~ Herc sent to Ir.lpcrir~ l !foadqJa rlcrs . They •·r:ii tcd for trc rotu m i::if th ~ rr isom:r s fr or .. J upan tut \·1oro notiffo d they would be t.'.lkcn c are af in Japan. T!P Jucfi..cial Dc,;pJ.rtn.nt rci)ort cd that as a r erult of investi gations .:!nd intc rror,.:>.tions tne 14. suspects red carried out irrliscri.!.ti.n; to ..om::i.'lg and should be l'Vld for the milite.ry t ri runru. . In April r 1945J the O')CUJ"C nts were sent t o Tokyo r~questin:.., ~ _.1.:-;rov~.: .,"le. ~he ·1icc-~ ..i.nistcr af ~/c.i.r .::nd Deput(,r chief <:£ st<:!..f.f r J?liod t? • .:..t, if trer0 wore; an~, per sons i'h o

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the y sh ould tck.::: ~::~ ir.cic!e:n:. ur i ..h 1.,h .. , C .. ! t. !" . 1 Gov~r:" ... :cnt c.nd o.ct D.CC.)r dinr t.o :.xc1 lC':.icns . D::-inr; ti11. .. bi. ( -¥ - r1.i.d o ve r Fcrmo&'.l. , ~tro und 12 l1ct0bcr 19~. , tic co~:n nd;r I. .J.:1m • .7 d...:c idcd t o m vc th(! c .').ptur:;cl -i !'1 .• :m i:wcstitil:.tcd Io_r ·.-iol .... ti. ons of t he militar-; 11:'.·.1 (:1 103) . ~:ir~..;;_1·:~s. section [I!1f.)r .. r.tJ.on SJcti onJ started t o s ond tr. ~ .:-. ir,1.on to th.: Judi ci::!.l 0.; ic.rtr.k.nt- fer invcst i g.".ti on .tout 12 0ct.o b-:.:r l ')'.'· . ':.';~.: ~test on·:i :rus s c nt c.r ound l:a. r ch 19i..5 (!! 1C5) . T}v ii1· st 001:-".u ni c".ti m ·;;it h Tokyo was in lierch 1945. 'l'h~~- ·.rc r :i ·.;· i Lim .io l ' t!: J ri.Jtu1~ cf t!:-.3 cir r.o n sent to Tokyo fb ~· i n.!'011.1~tion . .'!)) r.i lit· ·:· ;- . ..tn:i.:.-111~-: nt :is d·"Jl'.th under tro mill t~ry l~:. : . T:~ ~t . ':. .?1.u :-it .• uf o: :L·tion of th c pr osecutor s :10 ~~ scrt to Toi-:::·o · .. i t;1 • r~· u.J ..,:, if' tr. (1.-nth pcnr.l t:r wc.s pr o~.:ir <ind ToL.j·o r<.:pli _d ')n 4- ; ::-:· .!.945 to rtct nc cordingly. Unci..:r t :10 For.~os.').il . :iJ.i tc.r :r l "!.·:1 ~ risor.0r s cl so can be gi ven impr iso:v.1~t for l ifo or so ;.~I\' :rc:.r3 (?.. 105) . Radio 164 ['14 Apri l 1944 r c'-iw.rnt fo r ins t :ucti J:tsJ -. :.:ls sent b;t tlD J uci ci~ ~·:?P ~.rt.ire rt ~. :- t~:r t.p .-r w .:.. l br t:. __ c.~i.J f cf st:.ff L Isc.y-...J~.J r:-i d tr. .:: cor.-:r. nd.Jr ["~ctoJ. I t ·.1:-s tn. do. ~~id Cl t rc pros~c:..ito1· t 0 t!-.) C'Jrt r :-.1 ::.~y1~.·1~;c rt, s :-..·.: .::. :.. th<. fr cts of t !10 St "' tor.o rt ct' -:..,i nion ~nd t.r.:-.t 'ro ±' n.:n 00 b ro~t to t r i al (R 106) . This r:d:i o wr.s lost (R 106) . H..: ·1~d n :::: t d0cid .. d M ything in Tokj·o . 01: .::i'.; r:itu m h:;; tol'l ::is :ros:icuta: s t!'L'. t t.iv i nvostigr.ti or. must bo c ~.:Tiod out c:uic kl:· ~n J uf ficj_c nt 1.:,• c.nd •,•ti. thin 1l f Y:I d~\/S r .:>.di o::d Tol::,ro "If -.1c ~..: t o tr:,• tn c sc 1;nn by milit ·~·: · t.r:ib:.m~l , do ·.:c .::.c icb l::r r:-.dio ·10. 1 2t9 11 (R 106) . The f i n.."'.l d..:cifil en :>.G to t :1- s J."1t ..:nc~ i:; r.r d·. :.:· t:1.' C.Jrtrl Gcvcrn r.nnt (R 10?) . At t:1~.t tix non, of his o;"fic · rs i.r c.t·~~ t~d "-L;'."inst Lt:c d.;~.t:1 !: .. mt Jn Cw5 , l'i, ~r b ~.b:'J1 _tu ch~n ' -_~ "':ci r o;'i :li::ms <\ f tCl' t:n ;·mr ( ~ l :J6) . :: .... f:'.V~ • ··.!,suo r !;;..:ci.d-./ ·.r, ) rdcr to d0nnnd tn: cio<~th S·JX..: 1c;. I n s.::i clci r .. · :i ·cL:! ·.o: ').·J:!.r-._:- t:> t!'\.. t ]l.)f,r".l'l from T:n::·o. ~:·.l,SJ•J l ' wl -:· ' d ti .is Or d.J r to th0 Ot ( ..... r pr os..:c utor s ( R l Of ) . T: • ..: stcL::-1..; r.t ti . "t . 1.!. Lo 71, ... :--•o ["14 ,'..pri l 19l.5J ·11 ..... s ·llI'itt ~n b;r tL c :!.Jr l· .-ccJ .... d.ir<t to tr . ..: ord~r ()I' :.~t.:mo whon ho instructed Ct. l'JJ) . '! 1 ...... :; r. ·..t. lL . c:.l;: CIJ!.~..:m..:d ·.n.t r. tho p."'C- t ri :-.1 ~r:v:.st.irti~rl.:; . 1· t s11 w".s i~ c!? · .rc~ -:t: "'.11 i nvv;Jt]C: t ions :.r.<l s:.· t.Jci -i:. :-r.-i C'.l1'lfi t 1c. i.l tn c-.3:i (rt 109) .

- 17 -

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(1£.. ) ? ros, cut.fo.1 1 :-; .:.:.xhh it :\.m~, ,· ~3 ( 1{ 122 ._t S•.q) cont.a.:.:::; . h_ ~tir\ c tiv .... ;.'ro ... TvKyo Jat ... c. 28 J ·.: .i..~' 1942 r datlng t 0 i.;.· . a 1.:. •• L.:1t of ::-.. p"u~ .: .i-. :i~· • ~ .·.n • . ; th .. '"; .. n, r'l...1. D .. f -.ns-. H .. a_,( '.l='rt"rs :.i.Li ta~·~- La~·; .;f lJ Oct. '>J .... 1· 1942; tho Formosan :.:i .titar :,· 1.<4;" of .L2 uct0t.•-r 191.,L. ; ;..r:.i,v h.~ia ·rurcau S -c r ct T .. L·;ra-.~ ::o . 373 , l~t .... u ...- 1 : .. :.re.~ 1/!,) r l~..,lni· to t r ial of al rm..:: r. s<.. .:t t o Tl...,yo b .. f or . o. :nilit..<.iry :.r.:..b ~ ,al ·1..signat<..d by G.:n_r al r.-. : .... 15-. ii ... a.d .ua.i. .r:; ~oor.•'1:1• L!' •,)Of' c: s•..Llt.'.\tion i.i t h t h...: a r ;ey c o::u.'.ndcr c0nc .. r:l ... d ; J...r :.>:.f Asia lrur-<lt .9 .. c.-... t No . 1289, dat ... 1 21 F-.br1_al'.':'· l :'t-4 r lnt L~..:.. t':I c ..;;.:;:,· .... icc'.lr. .... 0:1.: •-..i.th the c ... nt1·al Gov .. .:.·.:.~ .. :it. conc...t·!1i.1~ cas-~ r. :-:lt. mi.:;ht cr .. et .. int .. ~ n:..ticnal prob -:tS or :ia·1. l.·-t ort.:mt ..... o.Lltic:..l i ; f lu .. :ic-. , a nd provicU..ng t.::a: :i..1 cc:.s..: c f i..:t ..... s~ .1 : s v .. r- .. ~~ ;i-.:1alt:f , o 'lla i t f or Cc..nt r al :Jov .. :·.:m ... it • s i nstrt.c:.ion- ; J.. r .. r; s.;~l' -.t. T 1-.~ram i~o . 587, dat._<l 6 ~:o.:• 194.5 i n ·:1hich To:.y::; atir ... I -..-it h o i nion of 10t1. Ar;;a Ar.I"' ["14 J..p1·il 1945J " in r ... 1i il', t c cl-.ar fact that c i vilians , c .'xl:i..ia:-. r .. siJ ..,nc.~s , a·.1te:.:1obiJ.. ... c and s h i.,.>s -.·1hlc h had no mili t ary nacur .. v1-: r ., kno\lin~l:·. ml int. -.ntiona ... l , .:i.tt ack.d . 11

(19) r~ a ~ritt~n st.Rt~~-nL dlt~d 12 April 1946 (Pros . Ex. :io . 32) th~ accuscu Jto stut .. J t.Mt h. \/US assign(.d t o t he Judic.:..c_ Dcµartr.i .• nt , 10th Ar .. a At·r.v in D .. c ..• ~1~ ... r 1944 . On 6 !.{a r ch 1745 Col F'urukawa att n•l l 1 ::·.~·-t i.11 ,7 in Tokvo of - . J udicial Dc.pnr..,::l-.. .1t c'.ii-.f3 . H .. r ._ t .rn " to F'.>r ... :.Jn Jn 2.4 or 25 Ua r cl': :i.m. o.: th .. followin av lc.:ctur d :il .. .L i..h . p1.. r son.'1 .::l Of th·- Jud.i.cial u-.pc:.rt:n- nt 0·1 th cl ..... '..l. ro:<JO r .c . LV-.J in t he 10 t:a r cl: r.:.ir-r~ic.t . 01( 27 or .2~~ ~.::trc l th .y -.1.., r~ L':'ld by Furuka1,a or ;.:r.t.::;1..0 to conJuct c:. l.l st.. sup1-l ... r. •. rtr ~. r; · int-.rro~ntion . Th .. 14 Ar.l-.r ic J.J . i · ··i.~ .. n~ rs " r .. ob i...._J - .on .· ~-. j.1 lici-'\l of fie .. rs '.1:10 ii-:: .. :-.s:; lst ... d oy ini ... rr'r- t .·s . I t :nv-.s t i _·:,t.:d 1.!cCr ... .:11··· '1nt: L:: .:r ... :. ~..., . J..~t .. r 1 i .. t t. r r 0 ·-~·~0.:-· .. w.s co::ip.L. t .. d , th .. ;:i1·.J s -. c· t.o .·s 0.1 o:-~-. r ~1' F'..a-·~·'l" .. ~ ,r>1· .... ~~r ci s t.ar., ... n-.nt s of opir.i ·);. . r..u.· L<~·.-. .:i ~·.a~ ~.1r ou -~ t ...... · .. n J or 1 .. · ri ,.:at:rn.:> or l\oilc ... t0 r.rr::1:=,~.::. !' .. c rei ·.:>:-. cc~1. l ._ t ">t 1t-..... r.t o f o"i.n ior. r ... l .:n.inc t o · h1.. far·:.-.. . i, oirh- t1r-l' :.r, l i-.. ,

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~.::..tsuo en d ·.·i t h [.ll J1- o:!'i ci<~ls :h.:: •1.::.:·mct ·;ras :·0 :.<l to t !(J d~f~nd:mts (o!". CJ L".~/) thr o'.lc h :?n i:-.t ..?r ~r.:lte r , .:-.!1tl h.J l' .l ·.::-t1.d this t') I sc-Y'''":'£ · rte cb:: s r.~t l:no·: r.nyt:.il'lf ·.'c0ut tlh exccut i on ( Pro s . Zx . N:> . 26 ) .

( 2 '> ) ( <:.) I :: c. -.1rit t ::m stat.J::r.: :-t tl ~t ~t!. i: :.r~i 1 19L6 ( Pros . Ex. :lo. 27) th ~ :.ccus.:ld !!;!k:m o st'.'.t. ~ 'i ;1::: ·. " .s Op[)ointed ~s judc;c b:/ arcki· of t h~ For r.:..,s-:. nr::~- :-: .:-.~·.1.'C. ~·t-!·s on 15 or 16 !\::.y 1945 r.nd in p."' _!p :lrn~ion n~ ror.d · iL; ' .. j : : .. . - !:';,:;

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guttine in t o uch ·:d..th T-:>:::to . On 22 or ::..9 : : ... ,-:; . .... ? :. -:.;l<l t y §.ugiur~ t~ !-!lt br or dJr of Un s~ _)c;·i ?r ~.t~ ~:: · !'i i . .,::_1 :.. . d.Jf ,;r,dants Cl.f'C to bC C iV(;!1 ~}'>._; dvC'.th ~..:!1'.lt: ·. If Jl:I .._ ! i.J!' ·,t.: .. o:•:'.t;! decided on t :"C <.b~th 1X; r ....... lty, 1:; 1:.~.J..J l~ j: .i:; "i ·.J o ;; tl·. ·.t verdict . The ver:li.ct ·. r.::.o n:;ssvd i .. ,L 1 ~· .Ju-r.c ..: 0: ·}} offici.:!lS concerned on the f.!omi~ of ;.; . · .. :.- ( l, .' . ~) . :i·..: 1~-d :1r: 'D :u1cc·~ ion '.'d..th th..:-i c x.:?cuti c n lut h .. : .rd :::.". t j t 1 :; c·-r:-:!. .<l .Y .!~ er. th ..; m~rninc; of 19 Jun..: (l'i 5) ( r .·c:; . :::: . . . : ' • 27) .

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1J .::>~>-.. cutor .

Hl.l \'las judge in th..: !i~rr.Ly c:s - . Hi.:; sr.:~l ........ nt, ' ' ~o t.h(.. procccdint;s in r.is c -:s ... s is si:.rl. l :.r l :> t..h.:-.t m~-.ti ... u:,' Su!; b r a . Howcv ..... r , h .... si:.~.t.(..S · ... nc-.t :.ll. t.i1 ... jt....1icic.1. vl't"c ... r ::; 0 1-t-103_J the.. deD. th pono.lt:,·. As jadgc i.1 t.ht- :!:-.rt.1. ... y c:'.;; ... , h" oppos .... ! i t on the groun ... ~ t h:t c.. fi::::;r.cr 1 l :.rh .. di!f ... rs f r or.1 .:: bo,-:tocr lll though th-.. f~cts fit intu th •. r...:J.it ".ry .w, ..,_'1 : o C "U5L of int <.rnctionc.l i;robl ....... is . Sugiuro. s:.id h- '" '.)ul l nsk for i nstr uctions i'ron the Cl.nt r :.:1 S.Vv ... r :11 .. -..nt. .:-.nJ :-i.Jjot.rn .... d the dc.libcr r. t ion. 0.1 22 1ic..:,· th ... pros\..cut.ors """re toL.1 by Ma j or !\a tsuo thnt St.z.:tur.'.! phon"o '.!nd s.'.«id t h".t i t \·1<-.s d '-c.td ... d t o pass the ct .. .:- t .i pc.n".lt:; ~'.g<'.i..'1s t .'.'.11 de f nd· .nts . Sine :.. h .... could not oppos~ or c.;l.)l'S of s -..;.i .... r ior s , n..: ~tt ... nd d t h-- p <.ssing of the ver dict on 29 11~.y . It W"s r ... :.J out bJ· tih. chi. f juci<le (Sugiur D.) Md intc. rpr" t \...d by Suzuki. On_ day 1Jrio r to th ....... x ... c1..tion he was ordcr ... d b~· FUrukl'.w" to :-.t t ..... nd '!s pros1.-c •. tor . Thos-.. p r e s ent w0r c. M.:. jor Ut.tsuo, LL_ut"'n~nt l<ok,, 1Lut nc.nt D:-.t.:: , Intc rpr ... t ..:r 0'..lz1.l:i, !'cdic~l Oflic ..... r .. :~.ru~rnl:.r. , s:vr:>.1 t'..:po r t vr s and non- cv;.t-.li.ssion .... J offic ..... 1· :. ·,:ho W(..r ... th.._ ! 0 ifL .. h ... n . Th,; 14 dc.f l:nd.:i.nts \:<..r ... bl..i.:1C,-fold~r1 1.nd 1..ach '"as ... x1..cut •.i v. i th on .. shot in the hc.;acl. Dr . :.:aruchiJr.a ..... xar . .in '' l h.... bouL s an'! th ... r ifl r..lc..n buri ... d t!1.....m (Pros. E.:~ . ·;:> . 32 ) .

{b) In a s <.conu · .. ri t.t . St<.:!t ... r..-.nt Jct,vd 14 Jun1.. 1946 (Pros . EA. =~ 'J . 51) th accus ..... • Ito, st<it. ... s t~at b.: made: a f alse stat..::·: ... nt. in one p:;.r nf n13 -; t ~t..... ....... of 12 Apri l 1946 . Th ... p r os .... c·~·~or dia nor. ;,;.J.-: ... a ""'r:1.r.r. f..,1· t . • ~ j:. \...nalt:,:. Th..:r c .... er (, .10 Jclib .... rat.io.;.3 . T:-. i:; ;.ia-; st.at. ... J o .. or .tv r s of !.'.ajor Uatsuo. Th s ... ntl:ncc o~ t.:1.. ::0urt. t r hi o:. ';_J :..::.: (1145) .,,as made up unC.: ... ~ O!·c, ... rs of F\..rW<a·:.:i. and :...ajor Lc:i Su'> a1'i.._r L1 ... ·1.ar . In tn1... r.U.ddlc. j...art ..:f Jun.: ( 19Li 5) ~.u.j.;r • .at.:;uo car:' .... L .. 1 nis off ice and gav _ ni.'1 :,n or ... ic:· t <.. :·:cit~ o .. t th 11rot vC')l of jt:u·;.-...n~ \·1ith th ... d ..... ~th s • ..!1t ... . c .... _1th, c<:s .... s h ... had c:~ .· ,3 ••f , .'.lnd -..n,n asl: ..... d how it was poss: :~1 .... 1:.:.. t:io'Jt d~l.!.b ... raL i.o:-.c , .. :c. -.'> " tJlc. r.im hat a tulcgram i~an b .... e:,. r ... c..:1v-.tl fro: .. tn~ I r.: ri.t1l i-i.a.tr· .rt .. rs <1.nd th.; 'i/ar D<..,.,ar:.. : .... nt s'...at _ri 5 tirn. n ... Ji.;at.. _,..,.-.,1.l' c ..... 'i':.a~r L1.-imposetl on th_ <.h..: .f ... ndJ.r.ts . ~'.<d .. suo tul t ~j::-. th;~t, t: ... '1<.t ... th ... s ...:n t ... nc<. would be. ca rrL.:d vut n:...> nvt :h t,t,l,.d . !!-.. a.s ... d u .. Shigctomi if t:! ... Ju,Hc.i.aJ. D-pCi1·:.::.-nt ha l ,., C' i.v ...i th-.. t.. L... .r am and was tol.1 t.::c:.t jt .a·J : vt. . t.L ~.1:..1d >'.~ ~h~. p•)t...>c~l of jud,;r.icnt in l'" '._,h 1rar't. r.is , 1·.i Jl' stc:.:L ... -r. • •.s t.c r..:.. x .. c..1tion was th1,; sa':1- --:~c ..... pt t ... a~ L:. . J:i.t"' w:i.:; n-:>t. pr, s ... ~t . nu t l .:..1<; a prose:cut.or . ~ j:;.ttrr. a'1a :~w:a~~ r ... n 0t, pr .; ... :.t.. v:. 17 Ju...ri ... {1945) . ::o ~ ... .rJ.L'"IC-n ... nt of t:! ::, .... nt...nc .. 1s ; ::-Ld-.. (?ros . E..:. . ::o . 51 ) .

2.2

-g:

(20) (a) Ir. u ·1riltdn 5t~:.~;i:e11t c.i<~L~d 12 ,.~ril 19/J, ( Pros . :i!:.<. rfo . JJ) tho accused i.iatsui stc.t:d t;!a t on 16 i:ay 1945, he mis ordered by :.aj or ~.:atsuo_t_o act as judge in tre mill u~ry tri bur.al t o be rwld on 2 2 ! .ay . He wns told by Lt Koi.ke that ho m·.s to .:-.ct as j udf;e in tre f ive-~n cc.so and pro soctt or in mio ther . T~~ fivo- mnn ccse opened :.t :a : JO in the morning,21 ;:uy. The :"rocecdifl:S\:ore as str.t -:id b~' Sugiura, supra. A deliber ation vms }i..)ld :...ftcr tl-e t rinl that e vcnirJ8 . Before the d.:ll i bcrati.:m i :ajor i~atsuo oxplainod :that by order of Furukawa D.11 of tho .:i.ccompcn;:.d .n[ Cl'O\/ S1 ould be recogiizcd &s ::.ccomplicos i!nd ti!.:. t c.ny dcci sion of t he milit'.'. ry t ri buno.l must be r cvic:rned by rh c Ccht ral Govorl1m:'l1 t . He belie vod th ore vr~·.s room for oo rn id orv.tion in tnc d C{;r .::e af ;:cm J t~· r. rrl exprosscd his opinion t..!;: inst t to death pcnc.lty. :·/hen tre dolibc r.:i.tLms n crc ror.iplotod it ~1<.s dccitiod to ask tic :i.uvice oft re Contral Goirurnr.:..:n t . On 22 i :U;t ho reccl vcd h is er dcrs to trc...'1sfer to tm 50ti1 Di·1ision ilend r-.nr tcrs . He 1-c. d no discussions \ith .::.nybody r or,().rding t ho µ; n<'.lt:'. On 25 i.c.y 1945 he \'/US ord-Jrod b:" : :c'.'.,io r : .c.tsuo, by t 11.cphon.:i , t.o pass the death sonteree tro next d:.::, thd ~~-UT.£ hnd r occi v-..d ~n o l'dor from Isa~~ who !'lr d r0ct)i. vcri "'1 " "dr•r fr-om t, ~ r.~rit r :-1 Govcrnrr.nnt nu purc..:.~l.~C.~· 1. : :-. _:-.~ . ~~.;c,1:-:., "f' th..: "1<.!!:'til.'::, .!:, ::;. QCi"\:1 (Pros. Ex. ilo . J; ) .

(b) In :: ru n l cm<3rt.ary str.temont dntcd 17 June 1946 (Pros . Ex. !io . 35) , tj1 ..! accoo od I.ir:tsui stu.tod t:nt ro do.:;s not }J1o:: :ll t, )r; cour t !r. d L dolibor:\ti. on-- ho did not attend one . He did not t c'.'. lk w m yono :>. b::nt the t r:i.cl. a.f tor tile court udjourned (21tc.~·1945) . !b doos net knm ·:.ti:r the trial wos mt c.ompletcd. It ~·1:>.s unusu:i.l not to complete it a-id to cxecu tc tho dafcndc.nts ·,ti th out compll.!ting it . The ~~cc used did not rov~ dcf1Jns0 oounscl at tre tric.l . He d:id not kno.1 anythirt more atout th.; shipth cd ·;} f -:Jndunts (Hati10.·:1n ·1, fu::h•han , Carter , Parker and :iilson) attncked th~n n.ppo:.rcd in t m r cccr d . Uci thar ho nor the other judges me.do ~ny inv<Jstig.:tion f'. s to !:. ha type of ship (Pros , Ex. ro , 35) .

(c ) I n c. fur ther s t at13rm rt, (undutcd) ( Pres . Ex. No. J6) th o accas~d tiat_s lrl:_ states that il:i nover participat 0d in any deliber.:.tL::ns or ~.ny oti1.Jr m~ctinss . ::c :n vc r -3Xpr e ss.;d an opinion ::. s to tro gcilt o r non- [ uil t oi' th: d0fondc.nts or terms of penalty. rie neve r p<:rticipatcd in th~ . ..ronounccment of jtrlgnm t , Ho lo.:lrned of ti1c oxwcuti u:l al.out oo~ .. :on~· . .:-.fter leaving on 1 June 1945 on trc'..'J'lsf..!r to tlu 50th Dbl sion intra outlying districts c£ Tokyo :' rovi.ncc .

( 28 ) {a) In :~ ·i1rit ten stc.tll.1Jn t datod 4 1 :~y 1946 (Pros . Ex . No . 39) th.J <.ccu.s0d Oat..£ stP.tJd t'.1<lt from 11 Fcbruruy 194.S to June 1945 he \·;::s in 'tho .\dj utc.nt ' s of fie c d: t h0 7th Shipping r.nd Trnnsport ·ttion ComLcnd r. nd .:-.s:;i5+,...:d in th:: var k of prev.::ntine crim,:i s .~nd uph.-'l l dint_ military discipU. n~ . Ho nl so hold ~ concurront judicid .'ost j n t ro F<r~osr. .i...rmy Judi.cl cl DcJD rtnont.::nd assisted trom onco or twice '. Heck acc ording 'tm ti-ci r t c.."tTlporary request , Because of thi s hJ •:f:s cr.llh:d i rt. o t ro AiooricM Uicrs ' cus..... On 19 ~·i:-.y 1945 ho i~c-:i. v Jd ~- t c lcphooo ce.ll from tho Judi. ci.::l iJ.Jj)·'l r tm·.rnt to com, -u t '~s th er.: mu ld be a rr.ilit".lj' tribW1tl on 21 1:--.y 191.5 . On a> L".y hv r e.xr t vd ~nd wc.s givon om: c.:-.s0 inVDlvin i; th r~o '.'.i rr:ic n ( L'\;:r .mcc , Spivoy ' nd !liGgs) . Tro c:-.nc st~.rt.Jd nt 2 : 30 or J :OO on U, ,; ~fr..or!'loon of

- 2) -

of 21 l~e.:1 ar.d l a s t ed fo r abou t one hour or nn hour ~C. n hni f . (Ihe procecdi !'lr~s we r e r.s Su !:iu r a st:-. i.eC. ) . Thor c \·ms f' c1e:.mnd !'or t he i>e:ml t y 'by t he t>r osoc'..ltio:! . Af t c 1· r.hc t ri ;-.1 t he Juc".t:cs r.nd the en ti r e s t ?..ff hel C. R C.ol '\. ':)r rp_ ti '~ · The Judic ir>.l officers wer e of t he opi :1i0r. t !-:P..t t he l'.cti ' r. of t ha r1.~"'\ :d .... :·,t .s cl':':ie u r:f..e r t he !.iili t :>.r~t l r.w. I t, w~::; C:P.c!.c',.,,.! t:> P. !'>Y. fr.:- C'3::t r l'J. ~~-·t>:-n"'.11n:t for 1r.at ructi o::. s oi: ce ::iore cmC. t :-.e ::rct ".714. ':lt'r:. c l :H;cc: . :·.c r eturned t o t'.-le S:-:.i .j.1.Ji ::, Co i.r.1f\n::i. on th1.: :ii ·'.-l t of 21 : :~~;; . ~'n 2g l•iey ho r eceiver'. n c;ll f r o::l t~c :uc:i c :~.1 :>r:)".rt;.:tJ:!t t (.!lli r.! hi ~.: t hr.t t here wns a:"l !.:lctn;.c t ion :.: :::·.:i :.r1c C 1.:. ~ri~l Go•ror::: .. c:·.~ Pr. c~ t hn t t hC\ vcr~ic t wo•.llc1• ~e )f'.$£•- ~: c:. 29 , ;; .J . :ic: at t en{.cd. 0:1

?9 Me..y . The court •.l'e.s o.,:>en e.r.( til e Yorc'.i ct t.1£>.s ) n :: scc1• ·o~: t:;e chi ef j u,:l.e ( Sutiura ) {? ros . 3::. :.·o. 39 ).

( o ) I :i P. su~pl e.Jer. tnl s t n +; e . . c:-.t c'.~ toC.. 13 June 1946 (r r os . 3x . : o. irl)) t r. o eccused ~ stc t cc! t~t hi s conaect i on •rl t ·-. t he ::iili t a r,y la'.·t ce s .:' wns o::l y on 21 : R."J. :-:is ac ts wer e 11 .. :ited to t!".c i ::1:0s t i, ·{".tior. of t !-:c :acts . :-:e di e: :r.o t ; r onounco sc: .t c!!ce . ::e c".i c: i:o t n t t c::'lc'. n~' . .lee ti:~ , o~ t !'lo l~i i;h t of 21 : ie.;r or e.t aix· ti . .: t c t · .. ,ccn 21 :·iiv r.nr. 19 J~ . e . ::e ci. i c: not a t tend. t '.1e cxecut:.. or. f'.!:c". :ir.~'. :;o t~i!'. 1_: to -:'.o ·..n t~ t.r o.wi ::.· up t ho ,t-1 r ot oc:>lG of j uc: j:.:.o::t (.2 ros. :::;.:·. ::o. ~O ) .

( 2'.) ) ( e. ) -!': o. wri t tc>:: s tr,tc:.!e;~ t u."lc:f'.t ct. (? r n . :::: . Ho. 42) t he e.cct:scd Fu.ii ~-:r::ta. e s t a tee! t:~;·. t h~ "tr.s c. t ::c-a•'.~uertc r s of t ho 8 t h Air Di visi on f r o.-. l Fcbr .ia.ry i 9h5 r..nc! o:: 15 :7('o ruflry 1945 waa om cree. t o hol d. a concurrc:·. t t1o s t in t:'1~ F.., r:.:osn ;.r :-:v te~1po re.r,y court-~:t:i.r t ie.l . "~ 15 ;.:a:: l 'J~5 h 3 rcceiv · ci. r:. :lo t ice fro::t t ho For:1osr. J.. r~!~· to C..,ip cE»r a t t he J u·'.!.c i e.l J o)art .. !cr. t . Ui.1on roportin1: , ho r ccei n;C. ir :>:-: 1.1Q tho c';.oc-.:r.10:1t s r el c t h ;;: t o ~ r.1111 tar-.r CP.se i :: 1:1hic:'1 :ic ·.·ms t o t ekc chr..rt'c • It 1.ms the CR GC

of Sha r~) ru:d Ln:~, ·i ot ti ~c>l cl. fo r i ~C:.i s c ri · :br.t e str nfi :; .. :. Tria l wns hel r. on 21 ::ay. ::1s s t a t c.:1ent of t h:- :Jr oc ecC.1!' • .:·s i s t he sa. 1£1 ns Sui:iur?.1s . 1'~e _Jrosccu.t or c'.e.a:1~:~ t !:e C.c::r.t :--. _,r·r.nl t ;r . Tho tri a:!. l AS teC: fro:.: 8: 30 to 9: 30 L : t !:r .or :1ir. ·• ;.: t e r th !? t r ial t :-ic j~~,!~c s c'.eli·:c:- r c>.t-:ic .• ::-:.i: j"..l :·~ c- s !:-. t !-.is ces0 , '.Ju.·;i urP.. , l'"Rkc>-'10 P.:lC. '.1i: :s c>l :' we r e of t!lc O_J i :-.i o:: t '.--.e. t Sh"'.. r,f) an-: Lr.::r1 ot t i hnr, i :: t ".l!l t ions of e :-.C: ci f. ca rr.1 ou t i:u!i sc rL.:i :·.nt c s t r ? f i.:. ·, P.:: c'. the~: C.oci ,~.ed to t>.w- i t i:;s t r .:.c ti or.s f r o:i tho Co::trr l 'jo·: e r :-!.:;e:--.t . t n 29 :-lay hC' wa s m4::-10:-.ec1.. t o t he Judic i a l : e2 P.rt ·.":: t . Su. i ur 2 t)le. hi..1 t hnt the i:~s t:rJ.c ti o::is wr. r P t o !-"S S the sc: ~rcst _:>ene l t y. ! :ii:> vc rt.ict wes deat r. . ::o cows ~-, thi :: · t':o:>ut t :'1. ~t.ssi:i! · of tho j ut.(::lCnt (? ros . r. ~'.. . :·o . li 2 ) .

(::) In a. sU~)l ~:::c:itP.l s t l'\ter:cr.t 0.P.t ci:. 18 Ju:~<' 19l!o (? :os . ~"=· :·, . ~:+ ) t :1c accusot:!. ru.1ik '.\wo. s t '\ t C<r, t !tc>.t p r i or to t:'1e o;>cni r., of court ( 21 : ;f'~t ) ::njor ;.le..t 5 •.~o t ol d t he:.1 t her o woulr. be no c:o . .lc>.:1f. o!' t ho ) e:-.nl t~· • . -1.f t e r t :1 <' t r ial !'o r ell cases t~~ re ~ere !':o eeli~ c rRti ons or li scussio~s . ~o C.oes ~o t Y.:M w ru1y of t:-.c ci r c v..:.is tr.::ces af t .;r 21 i.:n;,'. ::fJ ::oe.r:. 02: 2~ or 25 J·me t hP.t fa c- .:...·.eri ca:: • .;..i : :.le:: he c! ":>ee!'l cxecutcc1.. (i' r oo. :Sx . !"o . 44) .

(30 ) I :..e. . .:ura. e. wi t :•c s o fo r tr.c 2rosccu tio:t . t es t ifi er. t ::nt he was e. ci\ilia:~ r ccor C. .-: r :or t he :?or-..iose.n Ar..:;: J udicial. - C_t.>nrt . . c:-.t (;.: 21 ) . :-:e was ~ resn:-.t r.t t ::c t r i P.l o!' :-:artl c~· e.n:-. t :-.e. t t~o e.cc:is cc: Sw:ium • :~e.J,a;;o n:-.c. lli ·:1cre t !"le ,'uc".t·os (; 22) . 3;.:z'..Mi wa s t !:c i !'! t e r ... >r e t r> r (;t 23) . :.t t !lc t r i Pl o:: 21 !·:!':: t ::o c~ ef f!.skeC: t~c e.ccuscc". t~ ei r ~.cs , n, ·e

md pcr soml history , ~ pro s Jctt or ~.de r.n q>.:ming st.:-.t cnc rt. , <:nd tho judicit'.ll. judge s t •. rt-.:d m invostit.:>.t :L:>n on t he r coognitbn of f c.cts , From his oxpcrfoncc he cb os not bcl.i-evc tro triu was oomplot od (R 24, 25) . Ho did not :-.tt~nd n moeti.rg of the tribunnl on CJ llic.y 1945 (R 25). Ho v~s present nt the tricl of -~ldro :-.nd i.cVoy in which tho .:-.ccus.Jd Ur.tsu.i w~s pros.Jcu tor <'-nd Sugiurl! r. rrl N.'.'J::-.no we r e judges T.i2'b," 27) . The pro ccduro on 41 : ·::y ·:1:-.s tro si'Jllo ns l n tro H:-.rtle~r c ns c . He did not n t t .:md r. 1~c.::!t ing on 29 ; :.".y 1945 ( R Z7) . He r.tt .Jt"ld.:)d tl"c oxecuti c:1 <" !... 19 ,Tu.10 1945 (R 28). i irJ or J:C.tsuo vr.:>.s in chr..rgc. The 14 l'.~r 11 :: • • r:. ·,; :~J li.'1-.J d up in s i M lv filu .:nd 14 executi oners stood in ;l'ont of t,\·0 .• t :>.1'l:i S'lot them (R 2C) . Trc: trir.ls in vt1ich he p·.r·~:ci 7 .tJcl ·.:. ti r.~t d:if f e r from no.,..ncl J~anose trials. (R 31) . ~t\ .'.r<; ~ · .... r ti.1~ v !10 ~'. :::>t'S#d c.r o not rl l orrod dof onso coun::;el ( f\ j].) . I 1 '"'.1: t:~ -r~s th ... Jud.i.ci:i.l J udge P-slc d qu.Jsti.ons h:l v:ing tm Prc.:> ..;c •1'..,o~· 1 s :-.. ·prt ~s ~. r:-...:'CL'C11cc (R 34) . 1u..Jsti ons nnd a ns·mr s ·.; ~;.· ,,. i.1::.c ... ·pr.)t-..;d t;1 ,~out,h the int.)rproter in tho courtroom (R. 34) .

(31) So!"wno, c. \ itn~ss for tm iros.;cuti.on tosti tic d that he wns a r ..Jcordcr iJ1 the Formosn Anny Judi c it'.ll. Dcp.:-.rto~rt. (R ))) , He -.:c.s t!c r 0cardo:· on 21 :x.j· 1945. At t.l-n trinl of Sharp em L'ln(:.iotti (R 36) :-.t 11hich §fil!~, Nt.~d'l.C?. Md .fuj i k<?.vro. wera j udg.)s (J. 37) . Suzu!ci w1·.s thJ int.orpr.Jtur ( ;.: 37) . He did not r.ttcnc' ::. s..:::;s i o:! 0:1 28 !:..»y 1945 (~ 38) . :ic <.tt.:md -.:d tro cxocuti. on on J9 Ju n ~.?h5 .-~s ::m oi.l.' ic:;..:-.1 reca·d~r (2 38) . D~jor M-.tsuo -.r..s i n dl c.r :~.) · J .. i.Jut.11r.11C. :<oi!<o ~ 1.-.s )ros0nt (R 38) . Tho fourteen 1:.c n ;•1-:;r.) l im<i U!• f'.1:.:i i'ow:t00n oxcru ti. oncrs ncro pl :-.c ed in front af' t!1an ··nct in tl1r.t ·:r.y ".h~ pricorors \'fv!' -3 s hot (!l JS). Ho bolic v0d •, IT."':. t"v::: t r :'... .. ls on 21. i ic.y ·:.ould continue (R 40) . Tho prc- trir.l i11tcrrog.:.·.i:.ion :-oports r101·c \.B od dwic-g too t r:ic.l (R 40) .

(.32) Siub:-i.o, r. ·:dtn3ss f or tho prosecution, tzstifkd the.t <ltc.out;i': his WJu .. .:-.pp ,..~.l'S as rcpu.~ tcrl in ihe t rial of i:ccr.)C.!':f (P_·o.:1 . & •• , Jo . 12) , th u tritJ. of L".-.·rr.::ncc, Spiva~· ~nd Ri.ggs (Pl.·os . ~: . No, l3) , r. n.1 tho tri.D.J.. of Hllth away, Ce.rtor, 0•1d1rnan , P~rk!r rnd '.'!ilson (Pros . Ex. No. 14) , ho did not a t tend any sess ions of tho r.ri.litr.ry t ribun.::1. on 21 1.:=-.y 1945 or on 2fJ ?::1y 191;.5 lR 44, h5 , 46) . Ho did not attend tl'e executi on on 19 June (:147, 53 , 54) .

(33) s _,:rnki , r. •oi tn0ss fer the :ro scclti on, ~sti. f :b d th.at he vm.s <'~11 in t.u:rµruter . or Arrny Hocdqu~tcr 3

(Fcrrr,os~) (~ 55, 56 ) . He .:i.tt~nc!od the t 1iel. of the foirtcen Amari C<~n Fli.Jrs 0!'1 21 ! :~y 1945 (R 6e) . Th~ t~als took place bot·.r00n two mc.::'. b ( R 6e) . In +110 LcCr~ry cas..: ~i.ll!E: asked tho nQJnc , r~nk end unit 0.nd l icCr~:.ry .,rt;'.!~rcd (H 69) . Suzuld. tr~nslat·::ci t~ crimes to t ra r. cc1lSod from a p~'por hc-·.ndc d to h.1..m by tro iro s.;cut, or and th o d1 :t·:if j uclg .. 1 r.~lc d t h:i r. ccuscd vhat h e had to s 2.y er :if '.·.ho. t tho .:i.ccusod ctc.t '.}d ~t t. lo fo nnor intorroge.ti. ons r1c s nat th .J truth (R 69) . Tho r..;ports c£ illt. orrogcti01 ~ -.·10rc not r.~:.d t.o th.:: accusod, Except for th.J f .:-.ct of cri.1:1c , !.:: ·.:rs no':. v.a:~.xl t0 t,r a.ns::. l v rny ot :1cr P-l'Ors (R 70) . The ch;.d ' jurlr,0 s:-.ic'. '.:..-.z r ocarJs 0f t.. i<l}. ·.Tc-:-0 1.c.fa;· c hi.r.~ (R 76). •:re,· .... ·~ - i..:ic! !".ot r:.~.}: ') ;ny u:i.i s ~ ->n o;: ial .:.3cr:i..;:,iratc b.: =.'i :~,~ er st.r ... f ir.t; or 01· int ~1ti o n to i ! .d ~c!"i:.i:w.tcl~r borrb

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I' •.• ' II ~11n s:t L. ti~· . · .c> r the f ou r teen fli ~·::: ·: •. 10 1!er•: tr.:.ccl (K. 7.'1) . Lldt.t,.•,n11L ;,oiJ;e and r CtlvrtP.r ::>:1.i··i.:t.cm: · \m• ·n rd,;11 f H'<) .. \.!lt ( H. 7.'1) . /.. elite-:. had a l r eady bcc.1 .-~·--.~ot ri• ~t' · Tth: fil .. r •. · .·c ;ta ... dn.- in the ditch . Th< ~·ir .!. : ;,cr:ai :;t. .01: ju:;t. ~=~ fr >:.t- of ll1u:: . i1'1en the fi r i:lJ; squad i.[IB rc:'i-1:; ne :.Ci"' "t 10cf\ iti., (:~ 7 ~) . hl ur C.:1e r;uns · .. ere firc,1

, r.e su.::1 >:.e :t· r1 :::; t.a 1u1 .,~ . ,'..l.l.. "'Lh0 r .1 had d.isappP.at.·• l . ;;c: [;!\~: .:.t .. · s 3 1a!·:. . k. t..h· ·1· ,. ":. · ·; :'i_r·c:·l u1~d s:wr; ~·1a.::; .1it (~. 7 ~) . /,.ft I': ll' '.l I 11"/ .!r·r·· :w:l• ~'.:.pr !.:at.sue placed flo\'1er:-.; . 7:1 .... ~nl ii Pt'', F t.v l :-.t. "\t. t •.!. tt. to.. .: .. ~ s~tL:t •..:d (R 76) .

{:;!;) S :.L..._O .a, < •. iL~ . ...,.,. i' :· t ·.- .l-'r~[;1·c .... 1 lon tv~tlfir.:d that ir. April l~ .. 5 ;. :run:::~ t•)l. t.:.·..: •.. lih:~· . Pl'( ·1 l ....:.c;1 of CO\'lur ds , a:v~ tf::!t, 11'.. \, J 1.l l vl ' (!•·!' ~ .. l· . .::• ,,;'." l .. . :-.·.:· '.1.; _,f the American f.L.i e r::; (R 1,35, L.;/J) . Tr. ;... ,.:r~c:i:: l'li·"!'~ :.,re t. ... ·i\;d on 21 ~ay 19!.5 . H0 _;i: !"!vt ':.!." 1 n i .. U.-.: Lri·.~::; . Tnc:,• startc..d at 9 :00 i:; ':.:ie ::. 11·~: ··, u.. c .• c:~ ! 2l n <•:. (~. 1,,;5, 43?) . All the JuJiciL.L o~fi.cur,, 1, 1:. ~:~: •_,f ... ~ ;,, ~ . ..,:, b<:!i:. re i : 00 and came bad: .:.f1..cr 1.2: •)C v 1 c .L.r·c.. . :~·~ i ·<.. • t ., •. at:. ~:1.:: triul:; ended from the reporter::; (:: !.J';)) . c:!pl ;· ~ =~ i\) ;_, ~· c:,.i~ t, ) 11..:adqi..art .... rs t orr.· c t th•" c~.c .. ~':e_· [';..~. hj 'l .. :... ~t. 3 : 0,1 or 4 :00 in the nftPrOCO[', Oi 21 t:i!.:/ ~Jr~ '. c'" ,• t, ~ .... . l !1 l' I ') C ~;i le .1ce at about 6: CO O!' 7:uC t. .. :-;t , v (. •. , ·, !1 '1v) . ::i=:; d~s .. 1·1as ri5ht next t oi.o.L.1 r :.; <..:::'.1.:.: ··"· \,) .. :. t- 0 '.r.j ·:··.~=:;·.o • s (RL..J6) . tit: ·1~<.1l'l, t. .. ...,; .. :.c:.1... i. .. · l. .. at-J-lroval o;.' :.i: ~ Ql'::~ · c .... tne tr~tl ~ · ,J~ ~ .. i · : . .

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('' ) .:>:ira. ~ .21 .; r .;;r ctc: r on t.: .0 t :·j .:._- ~ Sr.a rp and Laflb i ott i J)!' ~:--<:.:~ ..!d :. it:- "' • .::c ;.~r~l i:l .:iqrl :.· S13pt. :)Jl' j_9•+.J at tho ~r~cti.on of fu1uki'.!!_~ (:~ Tl) . ·n.~ :record of \. .i:: 2.i :£..".>· meeting •1ras pr4)ar~d fro •. , t :1...; ,jud:<..dal ,i.:.c.lp; 1 s r..:~ "': d : r.:'i !Alrt of th 0 in-...0n·ocati on r c,xr :. (:: ) !: , /~J) . :le. iicl .1..fv ri~t..:;:y· a rnecti nr; on ~ i ::ty ~ t· or c '?i.l r(:!d U;:.:. t r Jc01·d nt t:·c cl :!!· 0c::.i_,n cf i:ajor : atsuo (n 36 ) . · ·

(c) .. · .. c . :-clo ?f tri.:i.l i:i tic . c·~nar:· c 2. sc an d i n tlu c:: s.J of ::- +,11~:. t>.:· , Car"Vv • , ::-•:c!,·.r.::.; , Pr ·,.·:;:-- ~.nd · ;ilson and in dK: c • _,~ .... cf l""r:.· ·1"' c-· 'J. v·· ·' ·· '" · ~ .. ., · " ' " ·H ·--p-- r e d bi ·

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~ . • ,.., .... 1~ "~". •r~~ ,,r<; .... ;.,:i -· "'. ~ .. ~. _ "~.1.; "'.- :··J.:'., ~- ~' .,,' · ~ , ... , 47 J. J'h..., - .... ca-d3 .. .,, t o L.1- 21 , .. . . ~ # ,_ . _, .. :l J .... d ... _r f' .. t rn drv.ft pnrur .. ?<..!. c:r '"1. ·, j tl ici ; .... 1 iff ic .r ·~n<l t.!..J •• en:·~,.; J~ int.Jr -r oeati on , an rJ CS to t~· •. , ~· . ·a~ · I.0., tb: ·. S i.: t r ·..<C l. J.:.i i·;,r : :'.j or i a t suo ( R 45 , ~~ ' hi) .

(JG) On 15 Au.us e l ?:,5 .:w· ukaw:! wld :iis office rs th ot er de rs :1Crc r e c-:.: iv .;d t o lJur n o 11 cb cur.1Jlt s but re a.· tlcr etl the saf ckoo ping ~ 'Jh 0 ;.bru :.1ort s in t h 0.10 C'-· s c,; s for d .l i v0r~- to the American c:..uthori t i:.s (P:·oo . ~: . i!o . 20) . 111.:: nc cts -..Jd Ist.;i,ra.ma , Spgi url'., !l<:.l§rl _£1 J_t.9_, D.'::.1..0. :lnd Ft: ~ il:m:1a Hero pre sent at th c meeting call.:;d by Fti · u}::a·;1[\ (:1. !.371. ili'ly of th.:: doet .. :r.L?nts wer e missing (R l~37) . 1~-l~L~~ order ed th~ t o oomplot0 th.:; r cccr ds ( ~ 442) . ruruke:.ro. ·.m.nt. od t . o r .Jcx ds r ovis ::d but si::c :; tm Har was over , no on~ ·x.$ ·.ri lli1)f'.~ t o do it • Furukc:u:l':_ er d ·11· ..:<l it so that no trotLl.:. \;culd b .. Cl''.UJvtl LrlJ CO!iJ'!Undor [. A."ldoJ ( 2 !+1;.4). The v erdicts ·,1cro si gncd <!n d ~11 opp Jd ac t hv 0nd of '1.ut.v.s t 1945 (Pros . Ex. ::os . ~ , 31); af 1.;C1' v! C ...... :. tl ~f th.:: ·.r.:.r (Pro s • .&·:. Nos . 35, 36 , 40, 44, 51) .

(1) !.1~ ir.t1rr ':'~ati.:>r.!: of ·/il :;an t.::rl P:-.r ke r on CJ A!arch 1945 ·:r:;ro i:t. .-r µr:::-;}d 'o L'.-n :i : i: <.t t !n r~: u:' ':.3r ·.:r.:>tc tro stat.::r...;nts fror.i r.Jt(;s 1;-.2J_ b~· t:-. .:.. :rv.3-..c:.t.o:- \'! . o ir::.;}rrot <lt~d t inm (~ 220 ) . 'foc~' ~.d .it•.,"Jdth~ :· n r, t _c:::,d u civi . ..ic.. sf: i p (R Z24) . T'~ st~.t-.. ents ~:..: :-·~ net :A.:cd · .. ·.c;: to t. .0 .:: (R Z 'l , 225) . ::o En""11·s·1· ~ r ~ 11s1-. +-: -- a" j.\...,-.. s ' ·t -.n+- - r c ....... 1· -·<l ;. ,. '1' r ·"'O'' t "'r (.)4 • '-' w... ~ '-'!.. ... nW - U l... v ... . """·· '-' .., ,, ! ; A.. · v l4'._ ... - """: ... ...,.

'.:ur~ t,iv.::: r.o ·.iils;r. r rrl Pr.:. r b r R 229 ) . '.i':"l .. stc. ·J-.. ..:: :-t co!1t~.1in.:d c. c..:rtificet.:i r,rr. t it -. ;~.s r .. <. <~ ;_._c': ~::i ·!- d.JL .. c! :1~3 c- 4: 5) .

(2) .!::_·.cl: )~ tr. ; .'.'. ccll'J ;·..i ;J...c ·: .Jd t ) t · ' ::.. · ~·. e: s tnnd ns n -. r.i.tn0ss .

(<'.) ?~ . .r:i~::~· ·:~ ;r;; in ·~ :>J . J~.p.:· n. .,..; ;,!: : · sinc0 1922 r.d :r .s t. :1_ '. i.; ·.:, '!f •,re :!.Ot:1 n:· .. ;..r •. .;; .; .11 :i.c-.: :i. J -'.! rr,::i..nt ~nd Chi.Jf Pro~ ~c·.tt').' si. :1(;..: .'!-; .J·.:F!: .?'. '!..<;I,!_,, . T.; i."L , rr o:,"tion of th.... nr .. aric~.:: (. :i.r: ·~L :; t,:.:-· .. ·i ) n 12 ,j,::tci ::!· L .'.l, 0 .1 ::ir u :r of t..:c Cor:.t i:n r!.:; r in Ch:i;: f Ct 23:.) . 7."L'"J : :~ :- J ru •·. ~cr, _d <:£ c:..! ·.·:,i.:1[; out ir...iscri . .in;,t ._ t_ • .:.-;bir:G ir. vi oli.ti;)r. ?f !..:, ... : . .ili ..... i:; .l:-·· 01 r,h.J l vtl': ..... :-..... . '.r .. ~· (. 232) . ':'u ~ l .. ·: ·,·1 . ..; l.1!3 .;d vf1 !...1- 1-i li t<.r~· l aw

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est.ao.1.i.:;ht. <l b:r - ; •.. . :~. ..i·-1~n ,•_ 'i• E. l , .• < ·-r r-,; , an i •.1as promuleat. • .. -:i.1 1 1·r12 CcvrJ1,;1· ~11,t. (1\ ;.;,.2 ) . Tho l •1tr Arga Arr..y has .)f '.:. ·.;:,. .• r ~1 J :· : •

1 • • • i.., • • ·.,; (a 2)2) .

Lor~e .1~':\A::·~ J~ ~a •. ~-'4· , ..... ·1· ..:· :. · ic,':\..,:1 · .. u t". ::>t..1 to Tok:10 for infonnat ... on. TO\/? was to r ::t r:: t ::•~J•! <l"..1· .... ... to For ... csa . In ~·arch 1';!15 he :>.t··~ ... 1-:i::..: <- J .. 1 •" -~ • ;_. tl: ~ :.1· r .. r.; e.:d a::;k•:d aoout t h ..;ir sta .• t, as -..:. _ \..~ ,;:;._ 'l; ·1--: •• t..>1.. i , ; .. JJ • ~:.t.. to nJ..1..i tary tribunal (R 2;.2) . :~c \las t olu t o ~arr , ..... t l"l<H· "(,!line :'..n a clear and just \:ay • .,_,\ , i.1.' ~u~· ce.m...: 1uvJrr t:w :niliL:iry 11.w, carr,:• out t he r.ri.lit:iry i...-.i:;•.;, .::... . lio ~.c...s tc;lrJ Ly n ..,t 11fl' ): f~ct::r that t he airmen sc .. t to ro.~yo ('( •. u.d .1ot u· rr·t. l1'nl, • lJpu ... 1i s r .-;:t·J rn t o For moGa he L1s'., pt1c..,e'l !ii:; s'.lt)oi· u natcs to j •wC? ;Li;;ntf~ thu a i rmen (R 233) . Thwrc.. .er e i:istr·u:!!:ions ti.at u~.-.nrn vj ol <1 i n g the intc r nat.i.0,·1a... lm1 ~!J ~'-1.C: ··r:it u0 l r~att..l c..:3 1)r.is wn..:1·s of ·:1ar (R 233; Pros . Ex. 1;0, ?.3) . 'i'h<l invcsti ;at1o:~s ·.1t. r 1...; co.:: • .1..-.:t .... J c:t thL end o f L!arch 191~5 (R 233) . Th(; prosucut.o r s fil ..., t..1cir Joe r:lent s on t he f acl s of cr~-:1~ an ·~ Lrte co.n:n:in.;·•1' s .... nt. a tcl 1,; ~r<::-1 lo Tokyo on 14 Ap r .: J. 1945 ;,i..:.'.1 l..i1:; N~orts of hw inv1,;::;ti ·a\.ors asidng for inst r uct ~ons 2.:1 ;;, iH::,· wa: .t..:o to tr~· t.h:.,c, air::1~n and :iv~ tllcm t.hc s e vcr <:st r>e::c:lty (R 234 , 235) . He l t.fl on an offic ial trip on 6 1i~y and -.:as m1a:· for c..i

0htcun ,la,;s . Ho N tucn1..d on midnight

of 21 1.iay and nc:~ c~a:,· ;•1as t.ol c1 by L<:s.J Or r:atsuo thst t.h~ t r ials ,·1e r~ hci.d on 21 Ea~· , that a r ... ply ca.no fr o,.1 Tokyo on 6 t ia:.1 and he mldc the r equest for t r ial (R 235) . Matsuo t ol u hin that t he cour t did not pass the vc r uict c.nd that t..hc tr i al v;as not co.np.loted (R 2)5) . !iat s uo had been called to th(; Comraandcr •s r esi dence to a cc!1.fe1·cr.ce ·.1:10 stated that s ~nee i t was the first case held in Foruosa and 'oucaus~ oi its bead.1 ::; on i:lt..ernational p r obJ..ems , a t;;;lc;:;r am ~·104.Ld be sent to Tol~yo r ega r ·.l in::; it (R 236) . Furukm·1a savs this t.~le.:.. r rua before it was sent ( R 2.36) • Toi< yo r cpl.i.,;d on 2£5 lia:· c.n.t s:!id 11Givc sc·. cre pU!1.i.::;!1ncnt a s you sugi$est ed ~.;-::-::·11 ( R 236, 237 ) . F-:.u·ulrn·:m tovJ; it t o the: com;uander anr\ the corr ... ~ander saiu ther e .i..::> nc c.:.t.h1...; r \•1<1. r :::.1 that Furukawa woul d han:U.c ;:.i1e µroe Jd.u!'e . F\lrwo:.m in'lt r uctcd ratsuo on 29 May t o cor.:p.Lcte th..: trial.s . · .c.tsi.o a3 .. ...,ri .i m to pos-r.. .... onc the.. t r i als , because o1 t h :! ai;: r alt.:s ::.ivl L .. ca· ;:...0 if th• scnt1.11cv was a nnounced i t would be tiiif ..:.c;.tlt t o ;t:C1.· .l t ::c .... L:al.suo ::;t.:it. ·: r.c would announce the rlcc:i.t:: µc:'!::h:, just bt.for .. tne ox~cttt..ion (n 237) . Tht- ordc.r for .,_ ~octt\.ior1 ;-.as -i .. : . t o 1. li:i .m ld Ju.VJ . Ha does no t r t:::-.0.· . ..,c r · .. ho ">re~;.~:.: t.i~ t: c r ckr , Th\! cr.oi-1s of th~ co::\.land~r 9su.· :.! ~' a~d o:: ~:.::tsuc "·"• ... o:; ..:..... • ::.:J pl.:-:.c-:? l !tis cho~ on it \ :-~ ,,_J1) . Lt. . s·~i _;·.;to.-:U prCj)"rt ...! t!w ordo..;l' .'.lt .~is ·1 .:.r1Jct.io:1 bef or e it. · .. 1.t l.}: '.o th- co. ~_nJ0r ( i! 237 , .. J8) . ':'he C Jt:.!'t .!i d !10 t r.ieet bet;, n , l :·:-." a:1{: l '/ ... ·..:n.: (:1. ;>33) . ~: , L-=>J th ... r ..... port"rs to co: .. p.J.•-'" ·- t .. - :c ... c.;:·,ls 0 .1.~ ~ r ; al l .. , •' ~1!"; ·~ ·:.d Ld '.n: a.L· r e:.. i ! sl1t..:l.t c rs \'l[1S •.• or , i...1i,.r:; ... ·._: •• .', . F..:· • ~. • a .: ti . .11, I ...iur.:. 1;; a c:;r cat air r nitl 0:1 ) 1 ~:·.:· (;: ~3''). /'.r.l. ·,·. i• .d ....... t.,· l t!«~ .. ii ... mbcrs of the l 1..g:1l sC;ct.fo:i to u~·~· .... · t,• · • :;;- ,J;:..,l of ~..irl •.• •r. i..1 th...:sc cases (R 2.)~) . c=1pT,."•.in Loi::: -~. 1 r: l:. '1 ~ 1 Jto C"..';,, t o d.:.i. ... f <;!'I. days afi:.er .. t,; ;.i1 2 .. ,; ;:.· :,· .; ~t.\ : a.., ; J • n._: t..h,· t....nth lJi:.nG.l t y (R 239) . F\:1·t1\".1,:- b· Ji. . l . . ~:d ·~: ·:~1.ty un·•c r th ~ r:'.l..J.itury law (R 239) . 121:; ·, .. .. c . . ; •' 0 1.l.. (;Jmi:-l~t ·. ! b-.:c :'US 1.; iL \'ID.S his r .,s_ r. J., t ' · • t.• CL· .. • r::.l (iOV..; l' ti..11..nt (R 239) . ii0 ,1" • ... :>.l S•,'!t ion 1 o cn0.r1 t h .st. n cords (rt .::.. (~

1• :.. , t ..... r 1. th J r .... cor d5 ov.:-• r l ::i the

w .. :·~ c·. ' · ~ : ;.. .1 th;.t h .J.-:J :d s st.tor J..:..nc.tcs ·:;C u. .l' ' ... ·i.: ·:. -; (R LhO) . I:; Ja:r..t~r'J 1946 a ... ., 1." · _ •• r.-. : . .-..• u,r: jl ::~ l.._i.;::i l S-:ct1on he t ol d them that l.7. •. ; ~'·. ".i ... ~~st 1.. r t. il t .• v ,'... .. 1.!'iC'.11 :..1 ... t!1orit. i ... s thc.t the t rL.L w,:. t-x.cc1.1:..:..on confor •.. wd tc th~ v1ritt"r. :·. cor d (n 240) . To

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hi s knoJ.e:<l,1 . : Th ·: !rc-tri~. l int0rroc:t.i. ons ;: .• r 0 nc± 00 IT0ctod si ne ;:: er i H. r""'.Ll.J !-C d0 (:~ 240) . In ·,;c.. ti 11', 1n c. c.cus0d i n n milit l!.r;: +-,!l u:~.l i3 not <.:llm.::d :..'. dvf..::t1 · W L1.:1 1 (~ 240) . Suzuki , L:~ -- .'.• ~ -":, rut - r , t o l ! f : J!.!!~~·1.:::. tl. ·t (· ~ .: · ~ ·,;-.3 fnir ond jus~ ': ::-/,.;1 ) . ~"! '..: er~· .13 .: . <.l not *.) .., . .n1 0-. t l ..,1' i ,~ ,..~ ~ !">J l o.ft 'r" . .i.i'c, :i.• ' :" r. ::.:y. ;:~.k'Jo ·.1::-.~ i n ch:-.rp c.:t -.: ' ~ .', 1 s :::cti on in his c.b,;.. •. 1:- .· (. . '":l.J ) . ?"omosn hr.d to :>s t r.bli!:h "it;.. r.&.i.~.i.tary l nw (R 21~3>. 'f.1 ) .:hi0f cf st!'.f f h~s no ofii.ci.<>.l c::.p '.'.ci.ty in conncctior. · .. i + .• rL._i ;·""°~.f tri b:u:.:-.1.!3, eut chops v.:-.ri vt.s docwnJtts (R 244) . .."iJ:-.".:".' ccut·t-.m".rtkl i ::i conducted un<..or the judici a l poVlcr e.nd h-.s ~ t.( 1::-.::; ~.-: in the J~:-.rr..:s0 Cons tit11tl. ".ln (R 2lJ.. ). Furukr.~·c ' s l nt.- ·:p" _ ~ ~.ti0n ,J..~ t.!;.; ·d_ 1 i::. :>.17 h -,., h.iJl!l!i th .J j :x:i t;vs and pros ... cuto.r :i . h:: . .:- -~l·r .d :L1."" t r uctiAlS .:::Un J.'olc:·o on;$ L'.ly md 43 1:£1.~r a bou. ~he 1:11.. .·P'.u· ... ;, -t: .o:i (_'{ 2'.4 ) . Fu_r_l.!;l<t.\l.'.l roe.Jived no instr.ic t.ion;:, :'.:.:Ot~~ fl...'1 ~ ' •• ·.r o.-rr...:rl L 1

.:.·.:;;; tro Unltod 5t:-.t os a rxl Jnptm l!.boit -.1 u t r .. : t:in: t of' r-rj •;onJrs ar ·;r..r . Ho knar s t l'e. t J epan \•;.:.s not i'. ci. ~·. n~.t 0r:,· i.:r> r.n :!gr ..:iurio nt ( R 246) . Tho head of D. pr i son cm ~x.::cuto tho doc.th ~ort 0nc o only vii.t h t ro writ af vxocuti on iss ued by t h o pros ecutor . J·:c.tsuo wr.s head <£ tro pr ioon (R247).

On cross o x.amirc. tion ho s t.."..tv d that tro r ecords of this cns .J m d <:£ fo1.r cns ...!s iru ol~ng Japnroso rarrc.in (R 250 ). Ho gave er dcrs to complotc t ro r ocords l'.f tor t re ·1nr to prcsorvo faith in tho J~c.ru so Judicinl system ( R 250), ard for tm purpose al t urning than over to the AmoricM :i.uthcrit.i.os (R .250). The rommwl.icnti on sent to Tokyo on 14 April cruld nc± be fourrl (R 251.) ; tho other comrounications r el nting to this c asc sont from Forroosa oould not be fcl!nd (R 25), 252). \!oon Furuknvra wrote a stat cmmt in Fobrua ry er 1..:0.rch 1946, ho had 1h ~ c ro.di. os (R 253, 254). Tho court novor foond the fliers guilty (R 255 ) . Tho crder of .JX-::cut i on i ssu.xi by t m ronrnmdor purported to be in oonformity to tm verdict ~ t m r.tllitary tribunul on ?!) Uiy 1945 (R 256). The l ett er c£ 14 April wns fr vparod by Ll\ tsuo, b\.t was takan by FUr}l_k~:;-e_ t o tm com..l.-ndcr (R 256, 257). fur ulmvro. did not.issue c.cy urit of cxcctt.ion pri or t o 19 Juro 1945 (R 267) . Ho riadec firol stc.tcr.nrt th~.t·,,ith rogr.rd t o t ho 14 .~norican airioon 1hoy paid f ull at~.1tion in connection with the Cortral. Goverrurort., thoy cmrieu ou.t the ir ch tics a s prosl.!cutt:ra and judges, end trcat~d th om vd th fa:i.rnes.s Md sincerity. HG strossod three point s: Thcu r ccai.vcd a tel ogrc?.in from tho ccrtral authcrit¥ stating 11we agreed wi. th your opinion"; they na do connections with tl'e Cantral Govornncnt, the y infcrlD!Od tho Contral Goverrunort. that tra casCJ should b e givon sut;fici cnt ti.mo for study. He realized t re pr oced.l re was wrong ( R Z13).

(b) Fujikawa was a judicial offtc<3r in the 8th Air Headquarters and held tho posi. tion at p-osocut.or in Taiwan Army Heo.dqtE.rtcrs . H3 11r st cane into Uds oh 17 or 18 Mey 1945~ did not take ~rt. in tho pr ol.i.r.lin.ary intorrogationa end was a mooiber of tho court on 21. Jiay the. t triJ d Longiotti Md hrp. (R 274). He S"lowcd tm prosocutors 1 repcrts to tl-e do!~ndants and asked t ro def endan t s t o offer their evidcnco (R Z'l4). Tho dofcmdants admitt od irrliscrimino.tc b:>ni:>in8 (R Zl 5). Ho road tho r e perts of interrogation prior to trio.l (R 275). Court wt:'.s adjournod at 6 :CQ o'clock in that evening. Th0r o was no dolibcration as to guilt or innocanc.J m d he m xt heard of tho cnso vnen en NCO from a ir ho".dquarters r e t urned thor o from army headquarters

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on 24 or 2) .J _! t.ntl r. old him tho fli .. r s had bc(:;n executed a few days before; (f, 275) . Thc r (. ·n ~.s no me;et..ing of the court :X:t wcen 21 May nnd 19 JunC;.. . His signatur..: was plac~d on the r ... cord of t r i al a f ter ti1.::. ~.~r on Fur ukawa • s or dors (R 275) . He att..~nckd a meeting of th._ Judic ial D\jpcrtm:rit Formosn f...rm:; in oo.r~' 1946 and was tolt~ to s<'.:· thor c v1lis a r.icctin1; of th0 ju~us anc.i to state as it is \'1ri t.i".c:-: in t.!11:: r ecord. His fi rst statc;nont subr.ri.tt..:.d t o t he pros Elcut i on ' !'-S b...:cause; of thi s (R 276) . After l eaving c ourt on 21 May hiJ ·~ :1ou~t thur c would be: anothur mooting . He had not form~d an opinion <'.S t'J th l! ~uilt or i nnocc.incc (R 276 ). The fli ers did admit im.liscr iJ:unl'.t e: bombbg and strnfi.11~ (1\ 276) .

On cross \;xn::ri.nati on ~ik~ stat.:d t hat his was th ... fi .. ·st 'Lr.i.:-.J. or1 .21 t..a., . Th ... : t r i:\l ·, .... s not o~vn t o t he ,)UbJ.ic and no ·.1i·..,n1,;5scs appv.:lr 1;:tl (£< 27g ) . '.l.'hv stat1.;!:ient of opinion was r uad to r,;1c c.ccuseci in Ln.:,..Lisr. (R 273) . Th.; r .... port of damages made up by th..., 0cndam<.:ri1.. hcadquart<.. r s :·:as b\.:for _ th .... court and i t v'as read in J e.pane;sc and Eng.Lish (R 279). Th ... accused stat ,,;d they attack1.:d Tansui. hut did not c10·11 ar.ything l'..bout t ho actual target (R 279, 280) . Ht: docs not i<i'\O"H Vl'1cn t he r 0cord of t r ial was drawn up c:nd Qid not gi v..., any not ....:s to any court r epor ter f or that purpose (R 260) . He chopp~J the r .... cor ds in So~tumber 1945 on Furukawa•s orders (R 280, 281) . He decided t o t ell th~ t ruth after he hol'.r d the r .;porters wer e going to t ull thu truth &bout the r ecords (R 2&1) .

(c) Th1: accus~d Dat e wus a judicial affairs offi cer assi:~ned t o ?th Transportation and Shippin.s Hendque.rters and was a pros...,cutor , ~relli1U.nary judgt. and jud.:;e in var ious courts-martia:·. of 10t:1 Area Army (R 283) . H~ ,.,as notiffod on 19 liay that he \18.S t o tc:.ke part in t he trial of S!>ivcy , Lawrence and Riggs , as associate Judge on 21 Ma· (R 283) . The t r i a l started at 2 :30. The accused ~ms pres0nt . T!1c jud~e3 had t he pr e-tri al inter r ogat ion r eports <.n•l th..., r1.-pcl"'t of clnm:v~-- s . The trial ended about 4: 00 or 4 : 30 (R 282) . Tht:i r u ~;as no mectint; of the jud.;cs . He mad1.; no offici<::.l st~t._r.l<!:n. as to >'ltH:.. t :1c::r t he aecus~d Has guilty or n ot . He i'l<:s not consultuJ abuut th~ cuh, between 21 Mey and 19 June (R 284) . He learned of t..h~ cx.,,;cut ion ~ftur the f liers had been executed (R 264) . He di d not draft t~c protocol of judgm1:mt bct v1ccn 21 lle.y and 19 June (R 2G4) . He.: thou3ht ther e would be another session (R 284, 285) . Hu chopp...:d t h.., r iJcor d af ter the J apanese surrc :1dcr on order s f r om Col onel Furulrn~·:c. (R 285) . At a meet i ng i n J~nuil..ry 1946 he \;r s t.:>ld to t~J.l t h<. Am..:ricans the s t or y &s shoi·1:1 by the record (R 285) . Th-- t r ial on 21 liay did not diff ...:r in nny 'm:· ~. ith oth..:r va r ious court-mart ial t r ial s (R 285 ) .

On cross cxardnation hu 3t.:•.t ..,d th<:>.t he choppad t.hc ~ocu.:1cnt showin~ thot thu accus<-d \1cr ... · svnt(..nCl..!d to Cicat h on 29 Lic.:i . He knm1 i t w.:is ~ 1r oni-i. anu object~d to Furukawa (R 286) . H0 oelicv;,~ i t was wr on3 to try Ri&gs if hG di d not participate in the indiscriluinate bombin3. His inv.:!st i gation showed that Riggs di~ not us~ th0 mach~n~ ;un3 ovvr Formosa (R 286 ) . Ho questioned Spivc.y about his two st.:i.t~mcnts , end that Spi vey sc:i.i ~i his second stat cncnt is t r u.: and t:1ct ht: actuall y droppvd his boubs on the outskirts of th~ ci t y (R 287) . He had a s trong s uspicion thc.t Spiv(;y e.nd Lm1rcnc~ \ler e guilty (R 287 , 288) . H1.. t oo!: :10 action to f ind out ~1hat happcnud in t he case

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between 21 i ~·J ""I'l d 19 June (a 289) . llv v:isit .Jd t.ii::. lC·:--~ :.r.;:i. nrnw once c. weok o r once in t•.10 ·, 1o ~ks usuc.lly (R 285, 269) . Spiv:!:,' &"ti.d th c.t their p1".n..: · nd their bombs could not inQ.ict the big dcnago sh a m in the r eport, it took par t tnd r.:ust h.--. ve caus0d part a: th e d:.ni.:.go ( R 290) . Do.to did not t l"J t o find out wt~ t ?l t>no cnuscd the dn.r:c. gc (R 290):-Th..) .:-i.c cus.:;d s:>id t i vir plc.ne wns hit bcforo tin~· cruld drop the ir l::ombs (a 290) . Ho attcnd.Jd the mcctinc; on 16 J :--mr.r y 1946 Hith Furuk.:-i.\m, NakDno, l'.atsui , Ito , Fuji_~ rnd t he n;:> r:r t ors (R. 29 2) . Sutiurc'.'. h:'.d boon SUJlYlloncd by the Chiru :JJ :-.utlioti t i c:; :-.t th ".t t imu (a 292, 293) . It vr .'.'.s his opinion c. t. th"' tinn to tell th, truth. The other judi cic. l officers f elt thv s.'.ln'C vmy (H 293) . ?urulu-.wl'. sti. id t o str.to there ''r.'.'.s :-. confc1· .. mce r.ftcr t re t rir.l ( R 293). He decided to tell th0 truth vrrc n he ro e.lized his i dcn W".S wrong am to s acrifice hims..31.f in tic. t cf i''1ct was •:rrore (R 29 5) .

The pre- tti. <'. l i nterrog.'.!.ti o n .cport with which he vms co nn~ctcd h:. s not bwn ch c.nced (it 297) . Date mllde a stutcm:mt before the Conrni ssi on (;t 299 , JOO) .

(d ) ;:ctsui Has n ncmber of t he judicial affairs section, Formosa .• rs:\:,' f ran ']:) Jc.ma ry 1945 und. l 1 June 1945 ·:mer e he was uss:i&re d to the 50t h Divis i on.:'.t Te.ke.o (R 301), and w2.s rcassigro d to Forr,\os:i. "rll'\Y in October 1945 (R 301) . Ho invostignt 0d t he fliers SJ1r.rp md IAn[;i otti in ~£.rch 1945 on order s of Fur ukawc. (R ']:)2 ) . He was tho prosecutor in attcndunce on the tri c. l of .".ldro r.nd z:cVoy (R JOJ). In his intcrrogo.tion of Sharp, Sharp str.ted thr.t he did not bel i eve thl'. t the green painted building wc.s a mi lit<-ry objective (n 302). Shnrp ' s inton-ogation l astod £'.bout thr ee hours . L-0.ngi otti 1 s l l'.sted ato ut tvro and a half hcurs (R JO'J ) . He di. d not write tln r o;:>ort in tho .'.ldro and r.:c Voy case , Ho did not invo stig o.tc it ( R )OJ ) • tho questioning of .~dro l'. nd t:cVoy HD.S done by ~ur~, ~frurnno and mostly by Koike (R XJ4). No demand for the penalty wc.s nmdo . The tric.l ln sted a tout one hru r , be trroon tan rnd el even lli irty (R 304) . There W2.S no dcl. ibor ation. , He never o.xprosscd hiS opinion as to guilt or innoc~ncc ( R J) 4) , No protocol of j udgm<nt vras \'Tritten (R X>4) . He c ctcd O\S judgo in t re C "'-SC ng<"ti.nst the five PB 47 fliers (~ J'.) 5) . !iv d id :1ct knm about t re r ndi.os a nd letters scrt to Tol<:ro (R J) 5) . The f ivo 0.icr cnsv sta rted i!t about 11:00 Dnd e nded nt about 3 : JO (R 305) . The rro cochrc vas tha same (R J) 5) . Ther o ~s no deliberation of th ~ judges t.o decide tho g.iilt er i nnocence . It js a norm'.l.1. i:roccdu-c to hnve a discussion but not if t ro :i.re l.l11')3rt s cf t he :r os .:cuti on wer e not prescnt ~cl (R J06) . !lo r!lC..)tine v~.s over Cc'.'.lled . The ch i ef juci&-3 usually calls t l-e meeting . Ho never expressed his opinion of gui lt or innocence md did not re nr r:f the e xecution unitl July 1945 \•.hen he was at Tokao \rlth tin 50th Division (R ))6) . He r ecci vcd c. tcl egra.r.\ to r eturn to Tc.ihoku ~.fter the wnr and was order cd to c hop th e r ec<r d of t rial. 'R J'.)6) • Furukawa said ther e \~S an order from t. hJ C.:rnt:cl Governmcn t to oomplote all records and or der ed hirn to er. op the r~ccr ds s o 2. s not to hamper or cause any disrcs.r;o ct to tre JLpcm se Jud.ici.:i. l S~·stem (R YJ?) . At a meeting in J D.m.c.ry Furukc·.;c. t.o ld tnan to st.:>.tc c.s too reccrds of tr:b.l shar (R J)?) . ·:/hi le m·rmting this trial, hif'.tsuo t old him the s :i.rre th i.ng several ti rro s :-.nd ho ITL'. de his first s t r.t .. :mc rt, on this bo.sis (R '5)7). In a n orr.l st<:tcnent given oofor c t re Corrr.ri.ssion 1:..--..t sui ropooted most of iris tcst:L11ony And expk.incd i1i s s t.:-.t01nents . Ho st:i.tod that ti"C t ri <'l sessi ons

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on 21 L;ay · .. 1..~· - c o:-i \1c .. :.:a consc • .;ntio1;s J..y <.n'~ inv ,st..J. ~<!t .... d Lnp~.rt.L<.uly c~ Jut.' 309) .

On cross t;/.U!:ti.n<.t .. on !.\... ~ tl.1d. ... t1.;.u sii:nir..:; th\.. st .. t ..... ol-:1 v of opi. i.LOn ..,n -r:.r.- ;..J..uro- !.:cVvy CC..S\... 0.1 15 or 16 '. '.:-.y l 9h5 (R 301) , ::;'.:.:: t..: . 'i:. • .:- :. a s 1• ·o~"'C\ltOr in c.t t, , .1r.: .;cc h~· col!:..d Si~n thv r~lj(J_•".., i,1s·~v.:-. ...: ':If T~ ! l C1~ ~. -. i :1: J LJ-,~: S '-' ·.1:,:_ .'1 t:' rOS~CUtOr ( d 309, JlC) . ··" :.,: . . . c t .:.10•.1 \ I'~ ~ II Sl ••. l' tlo II s 1.i.t' .. .-:.s on th..; d.-.~ of t.i1, ·;; .. · .·.: .. !. ~ :1._ cti.1· .iu1. ;o .~u i c. . • v~.· 1 · t .. or or d.ar t, . ..; )CO~; .. c ·. ~ ..;!' tu j_nv..,st L~~-l\... f-. t· .... . ·-·' , 21 :.:· .. (it 315). This and 'Ch ~ ,o~ . .Yi:. or -'.,h(! Pi3 41 b1.:.lnv .;:1ot v', . l ; \...l ' v !)Cl.ff s h~ wantl!d to nsc ... :·'.:.= . .L~ in th1... n ... :t tr.:..il..L (a Jl.o) . 1: ... , r\,c,iv .... d order s f r om ·..:.:10 c: . ~ .... f ..i udG .... , :1.; c i; ...... c.. .1v ~s ·~i ·.t.; Ci 317) . The PB 47 flLrs :.<-. ..: int1...·.t.Lon t u _ndisc r i.:.J.n :>.Ll !' o.1.J:-: .. : · ~ 1 ta1d..:r the mi.litcry lr: .. i"i;, Lvu....d b., z>I'u}-1.!:' t v f .J..'1 t! .... 1 "'uil.t:; (rt 319) .

(3) Ito '..as in th., J"~ic.:.:J. <...i'f •. irs s~ct·o:i , 10th Arc.:<:. Ac:ey in t :1c s;:·lr.u ol' l.91..5. :11.,; t.. vo .. _ :-.i · i;, .i.r. 1..!L t. r 2 "' o f thE: 14 J.m .... ric~n .:-.i.~.! .... 1 0:1 21 1.i<'-y (R 3.:-2) . In th .. 1.-.tt ... : ; art of M<·rch 1945 :1.:: :i.!1t...;L'ro _pt..:d 1~cCrc:~r· .:> n "..tso . .:-· ... · .1c(.. ('.1 322) . !.:cCr0c:.r~· st:.-.'.:,_ . "t, : :~:i.. c ._.;..:tcin ·.;~ls<m h~: ..: tb l '-S_.,o.~:; .:...:>.:.lit,. of dropt>i.n.., th.,; 0or:,":Js ::: . ·· •.1c:.s t:1,, on. \.:10 r~c .. .:.v .. t: i."ls t ;.~.._ct,ions : t t h .... base- . ~cc~· .. :-.r , · b..,li.~v._d t :Kt dur i.n::; t:1,, · •. :.:- t.i:,_~, ~ .-.n ..:r op bc.mbs r. t r:-.. 1(0 . .:, i n th .... city vr 1..•Ut.. , •,,it.~ ... t..t r .. ~· .:ct' to mi...it.:.r y obj1.:ctiv., (R 3~-3) . L~.\ :r1..nc .... str hC: .,h,.t. .,1 ..... . t..!1 .... i :-..:::.'l. 11.. r is bad i t is custcm to C.:rop ·i:.h-:i.r bo, b ~.t ·-n . st.J:i: t ..:1.1 1Jo .... -.t not mc.: ... ng sur., of th _ t<.r ':C:'I:. 'u..:.tm·1 (R 323) . Ito µr .,.i~ r .... C.: t. :1.._ str.t ..,1.1..:n-t s of opinion Ct 323) . C,:1 15 or 16 ~i<.y n .. '.I •• ~ t·..)i.t: l)_ 1:< . ..ioc t:c.ts uo t o net c..s ;i ·cos .. c:..Lor :u th ., 1,cCr..:nr~· c · .s..: . .. 1 to ci.., .. .-.nd the de<..th pvnl'.l t·1 . Ito obj\...ct .... ci t.iK.t th .... d ..: •.t:1 .iJ '-;1:-.L y ' '1<.s t oo s cv .. r 1. w:1\... .1 i 0 f .. i'S"- h: .d in·1. .. nt.i.o. s . t.i<-.t s t..o s :.i.,. it ·.:; .s Furlli ~ <:l.\ ,~. t s orde r ( ft 323) • I·.,o \IC.S t old bj• .:.i~tst 0 t o .'.'.Ct <S jUd0·~ i:lt-\'·io - . -oth.:t' c :-.s 1..s , .:.:11.'. consc:1t ... d to t~, .... on 0n .... c <..s...: (.i 3-23, 3~4 ) . He p r otc.:stod t:1 ..... :.o:-.t i1 p.:..1:-.lt: unt.t.L 21 ._.c.J (a J2i,.) . J.:cc.~.:;ry ' s c~. S \.:l stc.rt .... d '':J:t-.t. 10: 00 o 1 c.1.oc.~ . Th., JUtl_:.., h -.d th .... int-..r co3:.::.t :i.on r ..:,..iort .:J d 0,,:lc~~i'.ii ..;i':;_.., t s bv .. 1°l>J1g r ..:1Jort , :.n<.l .1·- , ±._1..::_, r .. . u ... st ... d t he c :U.cf JU'.:,;:.: to ·(, r~· ~.cCrc~.ry on vio1-.tio11 of 1 .~i .... it..'"' r y l~.VI on 3r ounds of ir.cC. :;cr~_:u.:i:-.t ... bo:!lOL"lJ . H .. f .J..t tiLr - -.: ... s suff i cLnt t:vi de;ncc. t o s~_Jo_-;:. ·.,:1 .. tr -~.1. (R 321) . Hu ·:r.s i:.:1 .... ., J.tiici~l jud:;c in thv Hc.rtJ..:.:· c :-.st- (R 324) . H- :-.:. ..... cl n".rtl :' ·.b .:·., th\.. f-.cts of c r ime . He.rt:•.,,;· :,~.: . .. othi113 to s <.y . :rn..:n <.s;,\,;c. t~ ... t-1W't-> os.; ")f his c'.'.ttr.c.: Hr.;.~: . ..: s .:-.1. ... h .... c:'...1 ... ov.., :-- to : tt ~ c .. tr· .:ist--ort~ ti.on , communic : t io;-.. , D.i.ii-.. :.r:· obj .. c _i v1...s :.nu f or p·.t;.·oll.:..1_, ( R 32 5) . Th~ r;cct.s .:.d s· ... ( -...: .... : .. .:.ff..,rc. .~ti".t .... d t.1rou .. ~:p .. r .:.. ..... 1c~ . ·;.!.1..n th\.. r \...po rt of •. -.. n " ...... s ~. -.s r ... ~.1. , .:.ccus.:J s· .:i. : 1.'.1 ,..:.. .· f L ,:-.t., r ~-;.nc c otu.d .1ot h · v_ ,.'Jn., :-.L. t.h.:-.t dti.L~.., out. il..s _,l -~-- ·.·.s i.n the t>.ttr.c~ (R 326) . Th., t r i.'.l. .... nd .. ci c>. t 6 : 00 o •c.Loc:..: . T:1 .. r -. ;,<.s no m .. c t .Ln.., of t;1_ .:, :.1ci.;~s thr:t .1 i ~hl. . .• 1 •. n ... n._ b_t;,1.., .., . 21 i .-.~· ~1.nd :i..9 June (R 326) . Ito thou~ht th ... r .... \'1ould be. :•_'leith •. .c r, r :. ·.l (R 327 ) . On 10 J un.., i:~.;,.,i.:-c:.: ._i:. .:i:..-.: ! i.n to \·:rit - t h- , ·cotoco.L 0.1. :,'..ld_ .;:- :1t ; t'.1"'.t instructions .l

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!'0 f.i.'i:.:t.. C..,nt r C. l. Qov.., r.111\..,nt t:1-.~ ll.... 0 .1. .. W'S t'.1,, p .... n~lty, tlw.t t :11.. r -. :·:o·, .. ... l '01.. 110 ~r.;um ... 1t or _p·.s s i: • . of 1:.:1, v .._r cLct . T'rn rnnounc .. :n .. n t -. .. , ...... :J .... t; i v ... . th d-.y oc.io•·., t~ .. ,,:, c t tio n ( fl 3~7) . To Ito ' s c•u - s .. :.o .. :;·)o\.lt :. s.,c vnd tr ~ .i. :: ·tst'.O s -..:..t t:,_ ;..~ •. ,,., --- . " Comrn~.1ci.., r 1 s .. L. .;( r:.s . .i:.<k u_, , th~ C .. :'!ti· .l. ",ov,,r 1_.1_nt 1 3 ins t.r t•ctions wc.rv <.bsol ui.." :-.:: · ·::.;1r:t it '' s F\i. r u. . ·.• .. · 1 s or _1..•' · J..SO (. ! 327) . Furukt.\l:. t ole' . . 1. 1.; 1..:1·:~ i t cot.:J..G o.., 00;, ,, ~ . . ti1 ~ fr.nt in s (~ 327) . Ito :-.it ... nd ,. :.:! .... :~._cution on or d.,r s .·ro .. \ F\:~·\~ : :-.... ~. . Th .. fourt .,_n d..:f ..:: na'.'.nts · ..... :•., li.~ .... c. UtJ , shot .n•..; bt.ri .. d (a 3£7 , 3.:.J ) . On his

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pro test to Furu ~:-.•.;a ~.::.out t'.;3 'lV'.ti ')Cn:'.l ty iY: ·.r .s told h.: · .. c.3 wcnk-he~ted. Frw<~:.1:-. :. ::;le ~: :,.i;,. ';', i;.. lt .t. c ? IO C'Codin:_..s u th.;; tr:i:.l on 21 : .. ::.y ::l 328) . f.}-!?. · ,.. •. ~ ,,f i;,h~ ir _) r -:.3sion th·'.'. t th..; dcfandr.rt s ·:ere guilty l.: ~t : .c C1"~~.r:• ·.rs nai;. t;1...: 11\-.i 11 fir.;ur~ rnd in Hc.rtlc:r ' s cr'.'.s3, '.~·, i1~ !:.J re. d int.cnti. o ns cf ct.1~.:rinc out i ndiscriI:li1r. te bor.1bi..'1f s there ·.1c.s not suc11 c: 11i:lonc .; (J 1?.~) . He choppad tl"e r ecords ".fto:..~ tii.; '.r.~~ on order-> fro: .. ?unG:-: .... becc.usc of instructions :ror.; To' :::o lo cot.i.)J.1..t J ·n u 11 l o --.11 t ;1..} r c ccr <ls <'.nd r..lso to upliolci th J r .Jput ·'.tion of t.ho ? o;:no:r . . .r.i1: r mc.l :reserve the J l'.p:>.n.Js:: judici "l s~· stc. :i ( ~ 32&) . .'.rout tin t i i.c of tho tri.'.:.ls the r.ir r~.ids · .. ·0r c VCFJ :int0ns ·J r.nd Furuk::s. tolri l:. ha:: th<>.t romplo till€- t :10 r .JCCI' <ls ·.!f'.S s.;c 1l1d .'.'. l7, l;o O~C·U·.:.t·i )!l ". nd pr0p..".r d i on of -. ir r -:-.id s .c ltcrs c~.32~, ) . !!is .l.~ rot. st".t .t.c nt tot!)) .·.r.tericc.n c.uth crit i os Uc. t. tho r "'c:rus :0ro 7. 1·u ~ ,"'.m~ co rrect ',".s :r .do be er.use at the i.io0ti nf on lo or 17 J rnu"'. r v 1946 Fttru kr: ·.1. to l d the:.. to c.b th i s ( it 32.i) . 'i'i10 intc rt'O[ ·"'.~ion ;vcar <ls1'f.V0"riot been chc.nged since 19 i~c.y 19~5 . (R 329) . I n<'. s t ".tOl.nnt to t h: Coft1!1ti..ssi. on 't t he ronclusion d: hi s d ire ct t0sti :.1on~r Ito rcst.~. 't:::s his p~·.rt in these t ri '.'l s r. n:l ) roce.:lcli.n£;S (:1 329, 330) .

On cross cxcminction Ito str.tod tilt". t he knc·;1 he rrr.s · .. rrong l cg•ll y in m:kine out the !)rotocol of judgment i n He.rtlcy ' s c<>.so :~na:r int, t lw.t H:-.rtlcy h..:.d not ]Jt be.Jn fo und guil ty (R 348) .

(i) N.:-.ke.no '•'"-S ;:. •. 1.Jnbor af t h c Int\1lligence Dep<'.rtrront , 10th ;.rea .. r r:\Y:--fi.J vc.s ::-. ssigrc d r.s <'.n c. ssocictc judge on tm t ric.l o f t ro fourteen fliers on 18 or 19 L:~y 1~5. Prior to this c.ssie;·1t .. a nt lw ir.d t .:~cen JX.rtin invosti s".tions in the intollit;:1nco section (!:. 352) . !'...) to ok ~"'- rt in r.11 six c0.ses (R 352) . Th.:; intclliconc.3 d.Jp:-.rtncnt Jr. s net. hi nt to do wi. th militc.ry l~·.1 . '.!J did not :a:c·: if i t l1:.:.s ncrJiC.l for r. :)orson wi t h prior kno·.d. cdt;o to si. t. on c. court . Tm fliers h"'. d bcon i nv.Jstig:-.t od b~· t ho intcllig once ddp:>.r tJ.c nt. :.:Ut :1c i1' .d no ~mo· ;l3dgc of \'lhr.t t hey h:-.d bombed or cbne , ·~nd o:; :us .iJpoinir:laotl:c · r. s detcrminJd to c c.rr;• out •· f :-. ir md :ust. t rid. (n 353) . T:u c oort op::med ~t r.l.nut 8 : 30 c . :!1 end cncled ·.bout 6 :00 p . r.1. Tre dcf end'3nts ·.:ore their air .~:>.cl1;ts , ~TOr..: led i nto tiw C CA.il' t by t re guards and stood f e.cing t ha j uc:;..;s :-.nd l'..;t-livd to ..ru.usti.0.15 r.slc d by t re judi;es . 11Thc ··:iv:·l J t r r .l rns r.1cst ly t :i.k 1 up bj• t :C int..?rrogati onof the judges ( ?.. 353, 35!..,.) . The tr k l s ·.er ..) no d:i.f :er .J:1t from otror courts - rrert:iP.l t ri:- ls h~ .:-.t .,0 t'L ~d. The int0:!.'l~£;.:>.ti on \'!<'-S cbne ~i rough ~11 i n i:.cr !)rc t0r (R 35!..,.) . ::c not 1Jci c:. !i::: "ns'.;crs of the dcf~ndc.nt conc~rnin[; th~ fr~c mt.ions oi' i rtli :-.crir.ti.·1".tJ ':od in(; .:-.nd tm f~cts of i ror .,;sti i;::ti. on ( :1 354) . &!> rp :.dJ.tltt ctl :-. ·.: t~cld.ng '-'· green b uil~ ·;ti. th :mt '.'J'lo::i~ .!\. lly thc.t it \f.:'.c c. r•tilit:.ry ob-j octivc ( R 354) th at it "-.s v.-:.r ci.:n0 :-ml it could !'lot be hel ped to c:>.tt~c!< civi l i :-.n ho1t<J'> ~nd oth ur non-milit£~r~r -::' :L ct iv 0s (1~ 355 ) . Sl1r.rp <n<.l L:'J1.:,i otti r.d.nlittud c.m:si.nt :r . r t a.' ch J d r.: t.:.s in t m T~nsin r.r .;r. ( 2 353) . i:cc r.x.r:· st:-.t0d t h.".t ·1hcn h0 t ;.)Ok i)ff ho \las dot~rmin.;d to c.ttacl~ :-.nj- ~bj :!cti.vo -.nd to coop.:.: r :·.t0 '.d. th ~ li.lson ( R 353) . 1:cC:-.: .. r :r ' s St .to;u nt th-.t !L did n->t ~o·.: t n..: t.:'.rgot ·,rh:rn h.:i le f t his c.:.rri~ ris'.dng ~is lifl'..: w:-. s .u..Jor (;:t 353) . I n t!n th ird cr.s ~ (. .ldro :-.nd i.c Vy-) th ·J C.)f ::: :id:-.nts srid th0y su-:1 '.lh~t look.xi li~:.:i c. pl: n o on tro &r ound '.ml :-.s:.umd it ·.'l'.s ~.n ::.i r fiold. T:,,cy t r i..;d scv0rc..l tiI.s:is to r .Jlo.:-. .J..: choir tombs , but ·:rcro ~'blo to r olc,: t;.: onl: on..:. . Th..:i ~· d i d not :m CY..; :mor e i t l '.'.ndvd (R 357 ) . ! :1 tre PB 47 c.~so thJ def-Jnd<>Jlt s s:i d t.1:-. t tlt; i;.· duty ucs to conduct pr.tro:!. s :.nd to r oper t to t Xii:' b'.Sv t. ho l occ.t:ton of .. m :m:r

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convoys .:inu t1·~.:!SiJ01·ts , but thrt. i .:· L1uir ..L .• _ cu;i~u "!L bct boc.t , or other t hings th1,;y \'luUJ..c.t alt~.ci< (R. 357) . Th.: 1 .... .z.· .1d

ants st<.ted \:.:w~' di.. ... ot k.10'.1 if th..: ship th .... y .-.... re. d t11ci<ing w~.s mi.J..itc.rj· or non -1.rilit<:ry . Th..:y did no" mention t hc.t they we r e shot uO'.'ln ~- the shi.iJ t !11Jy w.:r c c.tt<:>.c ' :in~ (R 358) . In the.: next case ( S.;>ive~, , L::>:;:r._nc .... , ·.nd Riggs) th ... dt:.fcnd<:nts stat-:!d they wer .... hit '.nci still f J..,;)J.. • .; ~.ft .... r t '.1-..y '.1-..r._ stn..ck, dro~pcd t.h--ir bcmbs on o. sm:> ..... l. villq;... . Ir. th\.. no..:;:t c·.::;c (Hartky) t ho def._ndcnt er;:~ ... ov<.r Formosc'.l fiv., ti:f1_,1 =-~!1j d.tr.L!1.J t:1os0 attncl\s str?.fcd smo.J.l v lll<>.gvs (R 358) . Ho did not ex-,r:.r-.ss his opinion t o t he other j udgus :i.nd his 01:inio.r.s ;1-.r t- bnsed or, the t -.stimony of tho dofc.mdr.nts ::-.nc: the r eports of d<>..m:~3(;s (R 358) . H .... did not read the intcrrc.g~tioi~ r .::por ts but t i:_ judici<.l juL!6'- r .... :-d the necessar y pc.rts b:-.c'.c t o the: :-.ccus •. d (R 359) . T'r .... r C; :.c~e no meetings titer court closed on 21 l..:<?.j' . H..:. ~;...'J) .... ct.;d c.noth-.r m ... cting. Major M~tsuo told h .J:: of th~ oxucuti on on 19 J un.... . He did not atte;nd (R 359) . He plncou his chop 0:1 t h-. ,l)rotocol cf judgm"'nt because the. conmc.ndcr b1..li"vvd those doct;.r.1..:m:,s ~1ou.lu bc.. d1.;livc r e;d t o Am1.1r ice.n c'.'..U~'.ioriti ... s . F\lrukm1". or dvr ...:d h.in to pl -.c..: his chop on the docum ... nt (R 359) . Ho atte:ndcu th ... mcot i nc; iu J nnunr y . He dcc idc:d to str..t (. c.s thu r ecords shon nft..;r b-....ng brouJht t o this prison (V/~.rd Rond J~..il ) . !linjor l;!('.t suo told h ir11 this (R 359) . In a sta t c.11¥.lnt to t h.:; Comr.lission c.t th..: 0nd of his dir e.ct testimony N<lkano stc.ted t:1cr-. was no intunt t o c o;;;.:lit wi.J..lful murder of the. fourtccr: fj.i1.. r s (R 360, 361 , 362) .

On cross ox.a;.lin~tion NP.kc.no st~t..:d th~t he. wnnt .... d to t,._ll vvvrything on th-. \1itnc.:ss st..-.:1d th~t th i s is why he r c.:mcmbcr "d so few t hings on tht; inv .... stig~tion (R 363) . On 21 A1:>.y t hc opcnin:; of court v1r..s ;:mnounc \.d nnu th.:. prosocutor r cqu..:stcd t r :i..:. l of tho def (:lndc.nts . Th use: t hinJS r1c r u intcrprct ad to th-. def~nd:-.nts (R 364) . Ho did not rc~d th ... full int-.rrogations of thu dof .... nd~nts because hu \•1r.s cor.1.i)l ..:t...:l y occupi...d 1-n list.:nin..; to the t..:stimony of t he dc. f -.n ·'c.nts (R 365) . He w::!.s pr ust.!nt :-.t tho scene on thv d".y 1.!cCrc..r.ry 1 s pl\".nc :-.t t·.ck ... d nnd knew the circumstnnces (R 367) .

(g ) Sui;iurn wc.s cssit;ne:ci to 10th Art::n Army on 23 J~.:1U.:>.ry 19l}5 . He we.s in c:1c.r~..: of intullig\,;ncv. The InteUigvnce Dop.:.rti.1 ... nt int .=:rrog.:'.tC;s ce.pturc.:d cnv!l\Y c.irmcn . Prior t o 21 Mey 1945 hu did not i ntorrog['.t u th<- four t ...:1..0 flie r s nor did he interrog~.tc r.ny of th-. <:.irmvn on intclligvnc1:: mttcr s (R 371) . He wns not fr.r.lilic-.r \1ith "'rl.Y of t h..., f ac ts of thv f ourteen flier s prior to 21 llc.y (R 372) . He kn~w about his serving as judge, on 20 May . Upon hol'.r :.n.:; it hu spoke t o Ma t suo in the l vgD.l dcp<>.rtm~nt, <.'.sk0d him rihc.t s ort of o cnsc h ._ would be nttcnding <:>.nd \'lh<'.t wr i tten inform.<".t ion t.1-ivr~ wr.s c..s this w~s his first t r ic.l (R 372) . His s c.:nior, Lt . Col. AkiyNnn vms in the sc>mc or de r s to be judge, but was c r.llod to othe r duti ... s on th-. mornin.., of th'- tri.:-.1 :i.nd Sugi ura t ook chc.rg~ of th-. cases (R 373) . h.s chi ef judg -.. h~ ::i.n

nounccd thiJ o~cnin.J of the tri~ls .?.ml as~.::d thv p1..r sonru. history of t hc dcfcndr.nts . The p r os ucutor r..: .:>.d the f c.cts of crim.. and r uqucst'-d .:-.n vxc:.rinc.tion . Th1,; judicial judc;c. intcrrog".t .... d from the i ntcrrogr.tion r -:cord and ~bout wh£.t w;;.s not in the r .... cor ds :\.nd sho\i...:d t h'- dcf cndl'.nts th e dL1JnC.gc r~,i)O rt fro::t the Gcnd.'.'.rr.ic n.... . Ho as ked th-.. oth ... r judges if thuy hr.d :iny qu1..stions and ~~~d the defendants if they h~d anything to st~t..: or pr cs .. mt in th ... ir baht:o.l.f . Th1.. ~roccdurc w:~s the s.'.lf. c in each c <'-s..: (R 375) . In e~ch of th\.. e ns cs he 11 r ..:cogr.i zed that thl.! defe ntlt:'..11ts h".d int..:ntions of i ndiscrimi.ne'.t-: bo:nbing ~nd strD.fing" (R 375) . Hv did not me.et with

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tho other jud(~s to cletcrr.ti.nJ if th.;) d Jf .. md:-.nts ~r..! t,:.tilt.:; 0:1

21 · .r.y or r.t t . n:.f ti m::: .:.ftar 21 ii:"·Y• Hu J . • p ... c t-:;d to ht.v; :.noth~r tri.:-.1 (a J76) . Th.:l t r.i:.ls bcg.'.'.11 e:-.rly in t hu mornil'l!, (R. Yl 4) end tho l e.st t ri. <. l ended about 4 :00 or 5: :::l0 in the ~voning (R J76) . Ho discus :.cd rd.th i.:ajor i.L>.t suo c.bout tho next tri.r.l .:-.nd tho clnssi.ficction bot ·. :c"n thos~ ·.ctu:>.lly p.:."'.rticip:-.ting ih t:h0 indi. scriminr.to bombint.. :·nd t:1113 ~ '.h o did not -- the r r.diollL'n ·.nd the photogrc.phcr, i :r.tsu<' t > ~ r! him DJ.l crc·.1 ncr.1bcrs should be tro..-i.tod no r.ccomplices :-.cc )rJ·~ nf., to in. l"t (R 376). H) thm went to soc Gvnorcl . .ndo M1 r.ft0r }-; ... sVt.d t.!h ... r .... sul~~ . L' t !1.J trie.l, tho comnrn der c~ll0d i ar th... i i\. ;: o:: t!10 Juit.ci ·. J :... ,,!p.'.'.1 tmm t . In his ~bs.:mce llc.tsuo •'.tt. .... 1c:. < 3 ! ( j t..rr. ',,o 1.<l ~ h .... oo f'V?Fnd ~r t Ir. t it

~-- ·· •.ms l'.g:inst corrr.! ... n s.Jri,,_ t•) oo "':, .:.rt .:· · -~ . 1 .. :-. .; L (:C? •. t!JliC.JS md thnt under the r.ti.lit·'. r"J l ·:.· 1.·· 1·c ... · ,..~_:- .. "··~'-· ::.c c ·:i.i.dcr..)d . The cor.url'.nder .sk.xl : ... ".. t. suo ·.:...:.>l'.' ..: i': .... r....l : .t~w~ told him ·"'.3 he told Sugiurc. . 'Ih.:l oo m:.r. ndcr u -;i.._ :l : · . .,.Juo -.~ut th .... '.')unishm.:nt <.nd i..e.tsuo s .'.'.id th.:-.t under ::.ho 1.ri.li ':."'.r:/ 1 ".H i t ;_ s do · .th ( .• 377) . Tho co~dor c:Ul..xl tho chi.)f o:: s ... :-.f .f ~nd ho <.sk d r.cn~r thirgs about tro nccomplicc l c..'ri and t!°'o inc...:: rn .-.ti on~l :Jrobl0: ~ ( Il 377) . Thu COli\llk"'.ndor decided to scl'j :. t~lc;gr"'.ln to Tokyo fer instructions . The chic ..:' of str.ff order .::d :3).(iurl'. to prcpar0 :it . Ho finisood it next morr.i.fl (.1 370 ) . T:1c t~lugrm sk~i..cd (in s t\'. st<>.nce ); 1".'io held r. tric.l on l~r.y 21.st ·ncl -. s ~. r c3ul t of oor fov ..:sl.if:p.tion of f ·'.cts , it Yr.. s clc:-.r tlr.t t h..: «. ccus0cl 11 ~.ct int cnti ·ns of c;:rryi ng oot in:iisc;.~iJnin:. t,~ bo::1bing nd did .., ct u<'.11-Y c:-.rry out irri iscrimine.te borrbint,; that th:: t1·ibun:-J. was th:: first one ~vcr h~ld in Formosc. md thct it \till tt-.·1.:l :. bi t; i nflucnc .:: on th:i ~.hole Jc.po.nJ s .J .. rf1lY .::-nd .:i.lso in intcrrc.tion:-.1 ;>roblans; there ':r0r J oono c.ccompmying cr.)\fit1un .s ent to Tokyo prc\'iously r.nd unloss the probl em of th .:: cirr.t..m s ,mt to Tokyo is sott)..j d, t ro :ro blor,1 hero in ?'onnosc. cc.nnot be sott1:ld c.lso. Horr srnll HO lr.ncilo the ~ccompcnying cr0;1, th:. t is, fuc c C'J1".e1"r.mon , the \ i'i.rJl ..)ss oµ.:ll"a.tor end so forth \t i th rcg:.-.rds to this er.so; -.:o uould li!co to oonsidar this c r.se very seriously bcc t'.us.:: .:-.s it is the first one in Formosa, it ~·till set a pr .Jcodorrt to t h.; oth.:ir .u-.. U. .Js . · :ith ti1.:lsc r.bovo listed fc.cts ne -.:ould li !.;:i to h:.vo Ccntr<>.l Govorru::.J nt :i.nstructi on c.s to hou to t -.kc our steps . 11 (n 378). He pros.mt~d th-; tclct;r.:>.m to t he ch i ef of st~ff (Isc.y:m:i) ·.ho rcc.ddNssod it to tiw Vice U.nistcr of ·Jr.r instcc.d of t ho Linistry of Ucr "11 d fran too C'.'dc f of St:-.ff instcc.d of ·v~c Comm..".r.dcr in Chio f (R 379) . On 2b or 29 t:o.y re hee.rd e. ropl:' \L·.s r ecvivcd fran Tokyo eJ1d he r.slcd fut".tsui c.bout :it . llatsuo s rid trc. t it ·sdd in eff0ct : 11If tro ovid.:mccs nro clear, the ponal t:,r is de<?.th" (R J79). On the follo~ r.i.ng dcy he hr.d not r .:!c:::tl.vcd the t ol c grc.m md ho :-. s led E:>.tsui cix>tt it end e.lx> ut the s ;:,ro nd tri~.l, lfc.t s uo Npliad thr. t sinc e the tcl.:lgr~ instruction c C'Jl\c from t ro Cont i·a l Govc rruocnt , tho r est cf the CC.SO Will be c.11 t <'.kon C<'. r o af by th 0 Judicli'.l D~pr.rtrnont , rnd :i.fn.;cc ssr.ry, thcy •:10uld 6et i n touch ;-d.th him (!l JOO). He spoko to t:u.tsui .:-.fdn on Z3 or 24 Jun.:: r.nd c.t th .t t i mo ·.r.s told trot th0 rirm:m h:-.d bcencxccut ..;d (::JOO) . t r.tsui told him th:'. t he himself hr.cl :).."'.s:;cd th:: de~.th j>vncl.ty (n 381) . H0 did not put his ch op on the or der f cr oxcc\Lion . H.J did put his d10p on the protocol of j udgri'Cnt i n Scpt~nbor bcc l'.us..: h -:: .·.ct..Jd ~.s cl1 i c f judge on 21. lily -~nd it ,·; ::..s r.. h0 policy of the .;.rmy: to file j!nd fJ.nish tro incompl e t v docuri01 ts . Ho knc\l it u r.s imrro~:c r ~R 381) . He vr.-.s brought to · f.'.'.rd :lCX'. d J ril on 15 or 16 J rnu:-.ry 1946, c:i.d there l:t'.tsuo told hi.ra th:>. t the J udicinl D0p.."'.rt1iunt h:.<l :; r.1eo ti.11€, ~.nd decided to tell tro . .. 1oricr.n r.uthorit i .:is thc.t tro t ric.l \r.'.s conducted .:i.ccordina to tro r ~cardz . He s t nt od s uch to uphold the

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reputC!tion of ·.,h., i"ormosP. J..r:ey c.nd not t o c~usc (. r '..1u:: _ ... tu those conc..:rn...:d dir cc·.., l · (?- J~l) . !{u dl..!cidl..!d t o t.-.11 th, t r uth •~ft.._r h·~ "'-rl.ng t~L .,.!"~~ st\ r~· fro:.-. his cuuneel (n 382) . At th .... end of his dir <.:ct t..; ;::, . .i~1t.tion, Su4iur;-, m.:.d"' "- st.:.L.,:::l.nt to tn ... Comr;cssi on (R 382, J O.:) :;;:.. ..... ::.. ... r to hb ·j iruct t._st:...:.1orty .

On Cl'OS3 uX:l.tll::r.:. :io11, Su ; .iU!"". s~~~t...: ti th<tt he ducidud , ~'.ft .... r J.:.r •. ~·J • :> s~icid .... , to t vll t.h ... k.~ .. ric 'J 1 '."1\hcrb:-ius thnt Ando hcd t0L. r: .. : to _, iv._ t.h .. eke.th s1..nt.;nc,. inst.0:::d of Isnyrunl:'. (R 3>3 , 3G4~ . Su s:w1 t h-. t ul .;€_'1''.lil (2 .... :rr.y ) :i.t .:\ 1.--.t'"'r dc.t"' ( R 384) :-.i1c.l th:-.t it, s <:. i ..t ·~iv"' th._:i 11~ o:.:v .r ~ " punishm-.nt (R 385) . Hu <.lid not ,,:_ o-.. t he diffcr_nc1.. b..,t .. _";, 11 s .... v...:1·u11 <-id "!Juv.::r -.st 11 (R 391) . To :1i:.1 th"'~· w .... r"' s i11ti...L~.!' (:1. J )l) . (C:· . .!Jt~ir. ii ·.'. ?.::i t r .'.'.:1s-latud 11 s 1..:vur..: 11 : •• d " s uvc,r _:;t 11 '!t. the r 1'-h.3t c,_· t!'l ... Cv1.:..ussion c.s 11strict (scv-1·c, ) ~is"iplin ... 11 ':.!1J. 11c<.pitc.l p·l. 1 J.S'.1!l~ .. nt 11 r~s~1..:ctiv(;ly) .

( f ) !SC._Y.( .[.l:l W'.l3 ct1.: i' U - St.· .f i' .:it the 10th Arcu J..rr.ry . H:i..s conn ... ction · ... -..t!'l t.hv f ...,,,l~u .... :1 f .Li..,.~:; 1 tr.: · -L ;1:>.s ncgcti<'-tin; \!2:~:1 th-. Ccntrr . .L Gov .... r nrr ...... nt . ~ ... ir .u nu c onn-.ctio!1 with th..: ciJ.it .ry tri~ n~.1. (R 394) . On 11· I.pr:i.l ti .... y ::: s!~ .. :i the lvg~l i ntorp1·0t('.tior: of th ... C"'ntr:-.1 'Jvv ... 1·:1::11..:it , ii' it wer.:: possibl e t o havo.: t h...:sc r.:cn siv<... .. 1 the s cv-.r<..st }J..:n.'\lt~· if f Jurnl Juil!-y nft ... r tria l ( R 394, .395) . Tokyo .replied th~t if the ovidence of inrli e c r iminr.t u b0:.:',)::. .. .n.:;: ::..s cl .. ·.r w ... :-.gr cc with ycur opL i o!1 . Th-.; c orJnll'.nde:r ordcre:c~ th..i t1·l:\L (R 395). l:rnyrunr:...:•- <.s not prc... s .:nt .:i.t the trio.l on 21 M::~· , 0ut on th<'-t nijlt Su,~iurr. told him 11 .:i.s .:'.. r .... s;.ilt of thl.! trkl ·.:c (SUgiurr~ ) r -:cognizuu th ..: int..: 1tion r-.nd th,,; f.'.'.ct of the r.ccuscc! fo.1: cnr r:·J.ng out indi scriinin"'.t...: bo1:ibint; :'.nd str£:fing". (R .395) . H1.J r.,.'..r\ :ict fo r;; ;.n opinion c.nd on t h:-.t uv\..nin~ h"' ·N('.S

called by the co:·:t-:!a:1ckr . Sugiur<i and Major Matsuo \':ere there (R 395) . The commander sai(1 that three t :1L 1!_;s mu3t be ccnsiue:~ect : inter national pro::i:..c:.:.s , the airmen sent to Tokyo, and capital. p:.nish-ment of the photo.sr<.._.Jhers a1 c4 !"t4d.i..u op-;:rc..., )l'S c..s accompJ.iCtS (a 396) . Isayama or der cl1 Su;:i.u1·e. to ·Nrite the t e le.;.;r&.1. The tel egram was of the type sent b~ t.:1e chfof of .Jtuff in t he narue of t he comr.ander. He did not ca:..1 for ( (1e pe r sonr...l tel~cra111 of the co:nr.Kmder (R 396). He kn·.!W th~ t r ic.ls were 11ot c~ffit).1..ete .• '.'. 11e11 the t e l e,;r ar.1 was sent (R 396) and i1c exp<'.lc<,ed fart her meeta: _;:; of the: "':. ribuna.L. He chopped the order fo1· execution on lo June (H 397, .3·J:5 ) . The order of execut i on stc.ted 11 The followin are orde:·ed to be exe-9Uted in conformit~· •·:ith the verdict <\s cte..1. iv·.:r c .. °.J? the 10t:1 Ar ea Ar my 1:1.litar;;' Tribune.•_ dated 29 :.:ay 194511 and t:1i .:: V1lo.s r aasor. to beli eve that the t r ial had been c0111plet ed (:t 399) a nd :.~uji:>r :1a.tsuo has shown him ~ draft of th e: :irotocv.!. 0£ juu"" 0nt (R 400) . Ando rs attitude •.c .... s t~e.t ser ious consitier atior, r::'..!1;t !...e ~.:.i:e:1 to the 4 flier s ' case . :;hen the 20 t:ay te l e3rar.• a rr.;,.vec!. hndo s aic: he could see no other :·ie..y cut s:i.nce the dee.ta se1:t c:1cehc.d b<:H::r. inst~cted -and nothini,; c ot1::..d be clon(: aoout an ap, .... 1~al to th~ Er.1peror s i:1ce an ai>peal must ,:o t!1r ouGh the Cent.r.:!l Gov.;r:J.ient (:1 400). Isayama had nothin:-5 to :lo nit.11 the preparat i.on of the r ecor ds €..ftcr t he war , but on notification from the Centrc..l G<>ve r •"!!'lent tc f ile all tho r ecords he o!.·dered Furukav1a to ho.vt: t hes e r ec.:- r Gis f i l ed (R 400) . At t he close oi ~is direct examination, I sa.van.a mati1:. a s tatement (R 401 , 402) .

On C!'Oss examination, Isi~~« .. ma 3tat.cd he a lso µut his ci10; on -.. he :i.nvus~iga ti.on l' (;,tJOrts (:1 1.03) . He read these reports . ;!is chop si.:..nifie :rn had s~en t.he documents (1 403) .

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Sut;i ur . -. : · ~ ~ : "i:-: -.t. .m ho G·.d..rl U. ·• ·.:, the det\t!. ::: -:: .:' .;~.cc (:::t l~O') . iie ·.; :,:; '/f:\J.• le ; " ,.,: ' Jn (· ·..., ... ,.; n ..,. ~ r ) • "'l T • , -· ... - ,, , _ . .. \,. . ;.l,.· ...1 ·- ••• iJ4•i

v:as ono l ; ..:.-cr o; 'J: l'J ·~ ··-. ~.; \. '"'

Prvsecutior ' 3 :·~-:. . ··~ . ... . , . ) . ......

I., --·· r·•) . · l • . ' . ~ ~ - . • . . ,; \ ...... ,.t ... . .... !-. "' ,,., l !ll . . t,,Q 1..,, ... ::,, t..J

:'!' .. J:.: 1_·J'ic·:?: · - , : .. :. - • .: .. urc ) .

"I t i:.:; ~s:eff~i<..l t:i d H 1i'T th c.t th:: ll.ilitar:' Tri·.y:.r.:-.:.1. ~,s General Sa1:;c.dc>. i .. lm told .to tL i s :!1~r11:U\(: i~ ~ l::[ .... 1 ~ !1ti. t:-- ·.!-:i~. i s 3:'.Crl!d

and inviol ::bh . '.fifo resp ect to t!1is '- •i.·"' , '"r: _, c: . _-: . n·i::lr i s a the s.:uno opini0n .

"I t. is ~ll !'i:j1~ f J:.· ~-ol' t•.1 ,-;.)nsir .... .n.· ·.he c:.i:>::;.c recei ved o n tile ;;:£th of llc.:r f •01.: ':he C:; .. t...ral .. ~ i:.. -'H- ;.; <.r; ··,:er j::c.:: , :-ut i t l.·s t'n., duhr - f ~v· • ..., .-, ~ur1 ' "' ,....,,.,.. I'- · -•: · · ,, ·.-~~ ·bol cll'· "'n i -.-·~ 1 _ "01 • ._. . J ~v J~ r." "·4:'>V -"'· - U ., .. ~ .. " '""'"··-""' ., v "'b'-•

f oundatL:ms .

11I f yw. st[l.t·.:: tf:::-.t :·Ju ·:...:r..: )r·\~r:i ~ ., J:l.:! c::.1 :s.r:J .... :· .~r · ... no Chi3f of Str.ff , tner>:? is d.:..l .. 0.~ J:.:.t 1, ...... .i.l:..t-.r:· '!'~i··u::.·.1 · . .-111 losJ its rt!ison d ' etrc c.nd thr.t '.,'. v co .. :i.1·n cl..~!" :.s . ··.~ll ".s ..>"' :-.dr s ·.i ll bo punish•3d fo r r.n ill-:f;.:-.1 offcns~ • .. n1.l if th.3 judf;J s·.~.-:; t:~:-.t :c deliver ed s ·:mt .:mcJ in .ccord.-.nco ~Ii.th ~rd0rs fror:. r. c-::Jr SJ t.U'c0s , he Hill l'P.vc ·1,c b13ar t!u r·Jspx.3i'cili~· for :.r·~·1~ r : f~· J;1s ::s .

111 ':.i..: si-:.·., tn <:.t '/'JU ·.Ii.~ .'l.l...:!I ' 1-I'.is iirbn.Jcli. .t~!.~,. · . 1:~ th ~.t y ou ui. ll put up <'. ::0 l d .L'ic..!': t en t.h·3 :.;t t .nd t:r. t you di Gp:,sud of t he Cl'.so l cgc>.ll:r <.f tc r r::c~ (]13,.zin_; th ~ f:.ct .lf the i rdiscr:i..J.nri.tc bor.1bing.

11Thc :.-.l:nv:. i::; t:1~ •J (n.:.i:>n vf th" o:;r: ~ ::. :rl..::.· .11c'. I : ir. ·l:' bcli.JVC tr12.t th is ~..s ti; .J' ..:st . :iL.c~· .;.:.:;r .. 11 (incl. ::.ci. .:11:J you) thoul}1 I S'/ .. ,;r:-.thiz3. ~L '!..,h ~r;tt :" .~~ .. .... '.:ii:: ..... ~1·,,, . r1.;[ . ..:,.3 ' .Ct r·:::; .... l·~·cv:!_ ~ · .

11'lh~ follo-.::'.11~ is ... ~· ~>. :.::i~'-~ ~·.::!:.ci1-.;d. ~. s < ~A .;Sill. t .£ ~>r1':er-sc.ti·:ms ·. i t: . tnz c.)::J: .. i 1d,_ c.;;~cc r::_'1~ y.~. · st:-.t.;1.u~t. :

111. T;1ore i s :: :ii:.e. .:.n~ .• >: t' :ho ccsrn-:-n<lcr to 3 ... : . ,_;·~:n'.:. ti10 cor..foNic·c .. ftc : .. ,:L ,!· ~:; .... ~uti.-:-. ' s ~~.Lml :.0:- :.c1-.-.!.ty oxc-:ipt that no do3s not r ·3."::J:.:oc1· tn.J ci rcu .. :.;t · n C".}S • ::. L~t. I , _· ... :· .. ~71· ~ :-t , ·.zi.11 st:\te tr.:.t I i·-::c.-.11 :;.:.· ._·i11,_ ~ iL ,i .-c~•• 3t.· .r:c.:s .,_.., t.h:; r.:. s i'.i ;~c0 (£

the: cor.t.~:·.ndJr ( :-::er. r.t i'~ .. i t·.c:10) i ' -.- : o::·.i !f·l :i.. ·_:-)..:. s:1:.uld eer.::u . it :-i this in J.1.;:r-i.J.. :U: : ·oUl' st-.t.,; .. .:rts.

11 2 . It is ;:.i·.o ~:i~i.'.)1: J f ,h..; o;:i;~;;ndJ!" tilri.t L i:; !l"lt ,)l' o::c:t o s r.y fo :-.t " ·" .4' •. _1 l .... J !t .:i1:c ... ·.r::; .,, .. ¥ )~· d.:; .· ..,;: :- .D ::;;-.:__, f Jf Staff. l'i:is -.-ro uld : .. ..: .:: '1u~~:r· )y:.r .... .,i1; · .i:.it· .• ··· Tri· ,,_,. ::. C·i.\pl~tcly . Tl-P ::ilit.:-.ry Tri '.w~.l :3'.l ;ulJ ·. :- :iv., .. t il:.s ~·~1 . . ..;:-i.t~ .• ':-::-:-;:::-. r. i:1J.0-pcnri.c!1t st.·.ndpoi:1t . ... •. .,r is n:J bJ .. c tii r. ~. . :. .--. ~:1 •· h c cr.blc fro:· .. tt'\J CJn l,,r "'.l :'.lr::,. r·Lt i .... c "'.s ~ .... .f -J t' . .;!,c~ .

11 ;;~v0n if y u s".~- !l, ".t. t .. _ ;;..:nL ,nc ~ ·.: .s ,r d _r ;O ·:.:r ~:-..~ Ci:i: f cf

St:.ff , ., ,·c Ch:..::£ c f .3tr.ff .. us. :·t. .ll ti: ... s qb0y ~:· • ...: ... ,i.': l·..:1·s •Jf , he corn~nd~r . If y:u t r:r t - i'~-~ .. i·ic"'. t ... ...;Vv:. v: i:::; , th :, . .:.lit-..;· Tdbu-n=-.1 r::..:..: t l .J:s...: it :; r .-:i s ')J-. d.! .. r.; . If s .., , U-: . t. ~r.i. 3.: :.,...: ·v.:1t~1 .. )unt t s .:'irlb ti~ .. t t.tc .jll'.3. !..JS L,. v::. n?t fulfill .!cl 1,l...:ir cl~ i:.i~:; . 11

(Pr .s.::cdi ,., r. 1 s ~: . :h . 62)

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111. This is .1ot a question of whet her vr .. t t . ; 2:ct. ~ .Jf Staff v1 iJ.l t,c?~:~ t'.-le re:.J1...:1slbiJ.ity . If :,.·'Ju st.ate; .·· .. -. ... :,_ =>E>nt ence was orce!'~l. b:)· ":.!1e Chi(;(' of Stali' , tl.e :~J.ho.ry Tribunal will lose its raison d ' etr e c.:.r.J \1iil be.; )ffie enc.irely i L.egal. It will mea 1 that ere:. of y-:>u has not pad orm-.d his duty . Such a thing \~oult:. 'ue tanta:,\ount to mass s uicl r\e . ·:hen a.iyone can attack th e 1U.l itary Tri bur.el -::n any mean point , you cannot stand up and insist ti1at as L >r as your uwn ..iuv., .... :. :r :·.~cr.1cd you have performe~ i t v1iti1 a r3s!1onsib.:.litJ and corifi~e ·1c, •~ ~ .'' :·')ur own.

"2. There \/ill ? : <., 't.aL. ,,1 inter.·oga~ .... r.- c :"l'..:: ·: r :-.i.11.:-; wher e the sentence of i:..ay 25 ( t.iay 29) was delivor E::t: anc. .1r. ,, \ . .ls the interpreter, etc . (jud.;in ·~ frooi th.:: f c.c t ::-.~t inter.ireter Suzuki explained in det e.il a·ac~t tht> cour t , el.c . ),

"It i s true t i1c.. t ths ser.tence ;1as passed. If g was not made known t o the person c oncerneC: , you must ex ... lain the r eason \·1ithout hesitation. h:ny false.1ocd pertaining to t his point will not s t and up .

"The 13th Ari.'r::f stressed the point that the jud:;ment was absolutely inde.)Cnc°.ent an. '~as successful . It is said that t hey (the accused) den1el. emphat ically that t hey ha<.l ever been influenced by any orders from oth~ ... • source s , et c . To say that the j udges passeC. sentences accorcfu1g to order s v1ould be s uicidal a nd self- destructi vc . T.1is r 0quirvs deep consideration.

"If the pr cuise of t he inst r uctions f rom the centra .L au-c.horiti es was f ounded on the vievi that without cl(;ar ev i C:en ce of indiscriminate ban bing puni shment s hould not be met ed out . He can str ess the point t hat the Milit ar y Tr ibunal. r ccoJnized such evidence . We must ma!;:e them r ealize t hat we acted lega.Ll~· . I desire your r econsider at.LOn on this point .

"To sum u.J , :;,.r we cannot insist ·~.it h confidence that the Militar y Tribunal ·::.:»s set U,t) l egai.ly, we \'iill l ose . Furtherm0re, it was absolutcl~· nece ssa ry as your duty to pass sentence. You could not have s aid that you did not do so .

113 . In the course of the investigat:.on in Taihoku, Prof essor Suzui= actual circumstances of the court. He further stated t hat the accused did not ac:Lnit indiscr:i.r..inate bombing. Lat e r he ·:1as shov:n the statement of the accused, and ·nas shown that its ~hrasing admit t ed such an act . When he was as~ed stingingly how this coul d be.< he even said that it looked 2.s if the statement had been amended. And f urther , it is said, that he; stated that sentence :·1as not passed on that day and that he had never witnessed the passing of sentence aft er that date .

" l would l~~cc you to ta;ce notice of those po:Ll1ts .

"Suppl c:.::Jntar ~ (based on the opinion of t he: commander):

"I am af::.·c.ic( that t h..: .. ~oc~ you try to f abricD.tt:l , the mor·e you v1ill ax.Jose 11 cief ects 11 •

"The com.-.1:::...1der and I statatl dur i nt; our invcsti;ations t ha\. we had ncvl.!r ~iv .... :1 a .·· inst ructions or or e r s to t;1~ jud__:es in accordance hith the caolc of the 28t h from t hu centro.l C\uthorities and

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t hat the judges, a fte r $cv;'ne: th<: C:'.'Jl c on t hoir or.. .Ll .lt:.ative . decie.ed upon t he sc:·1tC':-1.:{: ~);. '~!': c bn:;! s of t hc:. :r •.>w:-. j:.a.~-r.:o:-.t . With ro;:e.?'(1. to th1s yr : ;~:. ~: \l'Julr. l.l >:c to Lr\·:c :rv..i ~~ . .'Jl:c:S the.t there was no nl ternat'.so c::cei-> '., t o .t:> n.ss se:iter.co on t::1c "basis of the above l e.gal ir. to;-_ ;.•e tatio:t. 11

If officia l docur.10nts a.re wri t t cr. in ,t>encil 1 t hat would not arouse his sus~icion (:a 415) . :"r. 21 t.l~r there was no de::lalld for t he .i;>e~1alty. r.is s t uto:.11;. .1t was based 0:1 ,,,,;,.at fu~ kr.wa. sai d , not on t he fac t s (F l+J.8) .. l~.G:L81...Jn and the cor.ir:ianc>,er si e;ned the t ol ec;r an of (22 t.!o.;r) ( ::t 41 !5 ) . :ie di d no t ta.kc into consi dera tion that so:ie of t he A:.i e-ricc!:lS :.1i c;h t hav e beo!'l acting undor or ders (R 419).

(5) The defense sub i:ti tted petitions fro:l Jiro Sot-::awa1 Lieute:nant Gc::ern.l , con:~r.:tC.er of t he 6 t h Jat>e.nese A.r .Jy as to Isaya:.ia' s history ar.d char e.ctor , requosti ::g cle:.!ency (R 421, 422); frow Takuro !1ntsui , Lieutena.-:t General , co!.loa.'1Cler of t he 13th Arny (J epanese) a s t o I scvnnq1 s character a.~d askinb fo r consideration and cle:.1onc~1 (R 422, 423); a.ne. a letter froo General Ando a'Jsol vi nf; Isa.va;.1a (R 423).

22 . The second interro;:·e.ti on of Aldro was r ee.r.. to him and si gned by him (R 425) . The fourth ques tion was not ans\ofered as i n the record (R 425) . The second in terro~ation of HcVe:r was read to hio and he si @lcd it (R 425, 426) . Mc Voy did no t express hicsel f as str ongly as i s written i~ tho r ecorl (R 426 , 427) . Tho state.cent of Aldr o W?.s chan~;ed i n Sopt£>::'lbt?r ":>:; t ho prosecutor Mishir.ie. on order s of Furukawa becaus<' t hP.t invcs ti.-:e.tion report was weak and he was to rJnke the c r i minal ir. t en ti on stro~-.:er (R 426) . HcVey ' s statenent was cha.."1(.~ed nt t ho sa.n(' tine ( R428). Aldr o 1 s s tnteoent contained positive i ntentions of t he accusoC. expr essed not as stronf,l.y as i n the present r ecord (R 429) . The chA.nr,es woro nade in t he re.c>orter' s har:dwri tit\~ f\t llishi r.ia 1 s clirection (R 429).

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a , Fo~rte;c :. ,.; . ., '1,. ul.. :' 'l. ~ •::r:'". c: . ···: : ' .' '.D .,•.l!'".e 1945, Sone ".Cl'C f~·~ .. T h L1· !_, ~~~ .,CJ ~(,v .. :-- . . --: .... :' .... J.._."'-• . ~.·,;1.;

Navnl Air Fo<cos . l · 1 •• ~t: .:.iv; t ~st --·:•:\" • . :,· .... ~· .: .... ~. · .;:• t 1'-':. American officer::; :.• · ·.c" ·: '~-. T.'. :. i r ;.r n . .:..i,, _.-: :- i -. r, :... •• : to the Graves RC;.:,istr~ri,_". "." t..! ·j,., r ·l, b d ~.~'< Ll•'J Jf"i_ ·c,c.>rds of t r ial of these ci.:i .. -.... 1. 'v·f"'r0 'l J< _.,:.,··- •· • : ::. \. ' 1. ,· i.01L"'!1.l, Subsequent r cs'-c.rc:i <·J1<1 j_,111.., :~ .:.. ::-.. ., i~ :1 ::i.s ~:- +: 1·~· ~· -_.,...+-,r.d r ecor ds of trial J:)I'OJ".]_) ~,cd t ,1 •! a ,;c• h<r.:3>yl c~o,r' ~ !. C "lr' ;:.1,b Of the accusec :..1 ~!L:.c; :.u.·- :. . .:; :: .. r crJ1n·1.!.l-.

b , &:.c:1 of 1,11 .... C' .. • .ir; .. H.: i . .L::; cJ.- .... _,. t : .. 1< .:_ ,,.; · IA, •.ly , a nd a common tri<.l ·::as orfl1.; ·.·cu b· t;'!lus~ t h i:; f:. · ts ruid r:.:.rr.u..isc.c.nces of the offens(; charg~d aga..1...'1<Jt 0:1\? v.ert.; t!N c;e::.;,, fe.cts ;•.nc!. circumstances involved in the c.!10.1·:c "'i.<.i r~s-:, o.'l.c:1 of h·~ o':.he:-s . The motions o.t.· the accused f .1r s,. ,.· r.·s nc(.; a5 t o each of them were not sustained b~, t.hc r,o .. ~:, s~ .:.~r.. lt i.s not Jt..L.cvcd that this r uling unduly p r c..:iudico1 a., .y of \.he acc\\sccl .

c . The bills of particulc.r::; , c>.ttachlid t o each set of cha r ges , dive the dctai b of th·J off~nses ch<lrg<..tl , ant!, for a better understendin ~ of the char ges and the discussion, t hey a r e here set forth :

(1) Lieutenant G~n~ral Harukci Isayama.

"Bill of Part iculars :

11 1 , T!rnt on or bet.weon 14 Apri l l.945 and 21 !~ay 1945 Licut~ne.nt Go:-iere:.l Har\Lrni Isayamr. , as Chief of Staff of t he J apan0se l ot:1 Arca Ar:rry , did pcrrd.t , a uthorize and di r ect an illegal, wuair , unr1arr~nt .... d anc.; i'ru.so trir.l befo1·0 a pt. rportod Ja;:iancsc I:ilitar y Tri'bw1al of Pr edtli..: ~cCrcary , Ralph R. Hartley , H<:>.rr~' J , Spivc~', Bo0biL L. Lawroncc, Llcrlin VI. Riggs , Harry; ·. Al dro, Charles E. i:cVey , J).;lb1.:rt H. Ca r tar , J , C. Buc"1anan , John rt . Par .. ..,r , ·,:<qn1.: ·. :. · :i.1.so.1 , Donal t! K. HathaV1ay, Har-. ,c.od S , She.r~ and Jr.m.,s ii. L=.nziotti, United States Mili t a r y Pcr s onrn;l ~.nd I-risoners of \iar , r0sultin~ in th .:: unl aV1ful death of said Freddi..: :UcCrcmry, Rnlph n. He.r t l cy , Harry J . Spivey, Bobbi..: 1 . Lmvrcnc.., , ~er.Lin U. 1ti..;f;s , ;t~rry H. /..lclro, Char les E. :.icVc~· , I):;lbcr t H. Cartc..r , .; , C. Buc·1anc..n , John R. Pa r ker , '/!ayno 1. : . ::L.son, Don~.J.t! l\ . Hatha\'ia~ , Har11ood S . She.rp and James R. La11:;iotti , Unite:tl States }~iJ.it~.ry Per son1,.:;1 and Prisoner s of ·.!~>.r on 19 June 1945 .

112 , That on or about 28 Mny 1945, Ll..;utcnant Genera l He.rU:~ci Isa~•ru:lD., as Chi..,f of Stc.f f of thv Japan1:;se 10th Area Army, did, at Taihoku, For mosa, ,·1rongf ully a nd unlaV1ful l y order and direct a J apan1;.;s e Militnry Tribunal appointed and convened undCl' th..; authority of so.id J apanese 10th Area Army, to sentenc e t o dc~th Fr eddie Uc Crea r y , Rc.lph R. Hartley , Ha rry J . Spivc:·, Bob . .'.)i.;; L. Lawrence , Mer lin ·, ;, Riggs , Harry f. Altlro , Charlca E. l~cVcy , Del bert H. Ca r ter , J . C. Bach3.nan, John R. Parker, nayne :;. ~iilson, Donald " . Hathaway, Har11ood s. Sharp and Janes R, La."lgiotti , United Stat <.!s L.ili t<..r y Per sonnel and Prisoners of ·;1ar , r esu.Ltin5 U1 t h0 unlawful death of sai d Freddi e:: hlcCr car:-· , aai~h - , Ha r t.1.cy , Harr:i J , Spi ve~- , Bobtfo L. Lawrence , Morli~1 r!, Rig:... .. , Harr:,• H. AJ.dro , Cher l e s L: . Mc Vey,

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· (.l bort ~ . \~: "'::. -. G. 3uch~ne.u , John R. Pnr kor, ~·;~'ne W. Wilson , Do!m::.c:. :.:. ~·.C1awey , N>.rwood s. Sharp and Ja:?os R. Lan~io tti. 1

_·_,i ·~·:: '. ' ·-r.tos I'iili tary P c: r son:'lol £>.i1c'l • .?ris:>:r.cr s of \·;ar on 19 J u:i0 l 94j.

"3· Thc. t Ci!l or nbout 18 June 1945 , Liout ennnt GEine r e.J. ~rukei I S\.'.~:l\"1a , as Chief of Sto.ff of t he Ja.t>naesc 10th Area Ar:.iy , cli <.~ k:1owincl y , wr on( f ully a'1d unln.wfully o rder, -~irect anci. anthori zo t ho illef:al e>:ocution of Fr oC'.dio lfoCr car .r , Rnl.ph R. :::irtl ey, ~rr~· J . Spi voy , Bobbie L. Lc>.wrenco , :1;orlin w. Ri r;.·s , :farry !-: . Al clro , Chnrl os i:. McVoy, Delb0rt :t. 0fl.rter, J . c. :Suchnnl'U-: , Johi~~. ?· .1·?'" r • \'it:1.;;:lo ';,·. Wi l son , Don:U c~ K. nathawfcy' , :!nrw0od s. !)t:n.11) An<l J r..ws l\e Laniiotti , Ur.itcd. Sta tes Hili tnry Pnr s0:u:.ol e,.4.:~ . .'risoi•c r s of ;.'ar , r t-::ml ti :\!' in t.r~ unl awful C.ea.t r. of sai c'. i'r oc1.clio lfoCrcary , ~<nlph R. ::artloy, :in.rI"'J J. Sp i vey , Bobbie L. 1c>.wr cncc , Merlin W. Ri .·. ,c , :U-.rr J :-i. Alclr o , Cr.arlas E. f.icVe;:r , ~olbort E. Cc.rter, J . C. Euchar.an , John R. Parke r, W~o w. Wilson , Donal cl K. Zathnwa.:,r , il.n.rwooc'. $ . Sharp e.n<l J a..les R, LMi;i otti • United St atc.: s Mili tar-.:r rorso::nel a."ld i>ri sonor s of Wa.r, on 19 June 1945 . 11

(2) Colo~el S~i ichi fu.r.lk~wa 11i3111 of ?articul a r s :

111. Th.."?.. t on or between 14 April 1'45 a.."ld 2l ?fay

1945 , Col onel Seii ohi iurukP.wa , ns Chi ef of t he J uc'J. cie.l. Dope..rt~en t of the Ja._pp.nosc 10 t h Ar co. Arr.iy , ~.i d p cr::-.i t, A.utho r ize and direct an ill egal, unfair, unwa.rra•1tod A.ne, ful s a t ri l\l. befor e a purported Ja.p :.._'1cse l'-iilitary Tribunal of Frer.c~i o McCrcnry , Ralph R. Hartley , ::arr y J . S~iYey , n obbi o L. L~wronce , Merlin W. Ri g(s , F..arry ::. AH.r o , Chl\rles E. McVoy , Dol bor t ?.. Cnrte r, J . C. Buchanan , John R, l'a rker , ~,·aync W, Wilson , Do~.lcl. r. . !{atha.wey, Harwood s. Sh;:i.rp nnd Jru:1os H. Lan ;i ot ti , United St a t es i•;ilitary Per so:mel and ? r i so:i.ers of Wf\.r , resul ti:1r: i n t ho unl awful death of sai cl Fr eddi e HcCreP.ry , Ralph R. Hr.r t l e:1, !iurry J . Spivey , l3obbi e L. Lawrence, Hc.>rli r. i·t. Ri cr:s , 7-ie.rry ~ • .Alclr o , Chnrles E. liicVey , j)el bert ::. Ca rter , J . c. nuc:'1~.:uu1 , Jor.n :a. Parker, ~c W. Wilson , Donald x. :iatha.we.y , ::ic;.rwooc'. s. Sharp nnd Jru.1es t anf;i otti , United St ates Mili tar,,- Pers'>r~:ol one! ? ri sonor s of War , on 19 June 1945.

112. Th11t on or nbout 18 Juno 1945 . Col onel Scii chi

Furukawa , A.s Chiof of t he J ucUci nl DopRrt •. 1ent of t ho Ja~nnese 10th Area Ar:.iy , di d , knowine l y , wront..:ful l y ancl. unlo.wfully orc'.er, direct and au t hori ze t~e illef al execution of Froedi e McC r eary, Ral ph R. Hartley , iiar rJ J . S.l> i vey, Bobbi o L. LP.wrencc , Merlin \·: . Ri a:s , :iarry H. Aldro , Cha r l es E, McVey , Del bert ~. Carter, J . c. :Ouchanan, J ohn R • .t'nr k or , Wo.,'r.'lo w. Wil so:1, Donald IC. F.o taway • iinrw?od S. Shnrp o.r.d J n:1e s R. Lnnl;io t ti , Uni t ee S tr~ t os Mili tar-3 Per sonnel ancl Pri so:1or a of h·ar, rosu.l t i n, · i n the unlaw!'ul death of sai d Fr eddi e McCreary, Rru.1Jh R. :!artl ey , :i.'lrry J. :1vivey , 3obbi e L. Lo.wr er.ce , ~·k rli n w. hi~l s

1 :!'lrzy :!, Ald r o ,

•;r.nrles t . HcVey , Del bert s. CP.rte r , J . c • ..:>uch\t:;an , John R, '\r ker, Wnyne w. Wilson, Donal d K. :-!nthawa.:,· , :-:~rwooc'. s. Sharp, ·:r'. Jru~os R. Lnntdotti , United St n tea Mili tary P t:r sonncl ancl :i so:ier s of i'lnr: on 19 June 1945.

113. That on or about 21 Mr~' 1945 , Col or.el Seiichi ·· nkawu, a.s Ct:i of of t he Ju rUci o.l Dcvart .1en t of the J ~aneso

I,, f

l Otn Ai·. . . . i..,t, L."'.. :·- : :1~ . . .... , : -r.:.')_ ·. , ft.J. ly oru'-'1' • :!..·.:ct a J r'~ . •• .,,, .. iJ iv r : '_1·.:·;; •. ,· . .:. i:.~n, ~ convcn'-!ci 1:: ~ ... -· t . . : .. ! . ..1! ' _~+-"~ c:· -=-·it!:/· .. l \.. l to sc~t .... . :c·..: _ ,_·.t: . !-'r- 1 .· : :.:.· ... l'-:·· t: . ..

• • • - - • J

J . Sµiv~~- , 2 ~ :.~: . ~~ · .. .:,· ... . c...: , : . t' . .;.. . . · : . : i. :..·.; , L~~!"'r. :-: . h..L'.rt , Ch~~r..i. (,s E . :.:c·\;,; .. aj·.:::_. ! ·:, .i . C~rt i , .j . G. 3 .cL·.:!·1· •. . , Joh .. :t . P- · · ·- . · · · ·· ... - · - ·· ii· · 1 • ,., ., · 1-r\ ·o· ·· " '.1··rp • .:.rK..:r, ·'"· ... n o..; .• .. -.... ., .... , Uv .1 .... .... .. •. , .. -1. . ld. • , t • .:.. . uu .:i , ;::, . .

e1.nd J amvG R. 1..c.:-. _- · .i..o~::; , :.;!1 it..0~1 St. i!t0s : ;il.i.t:ir y h ..:rso:-m.::l o.r.d Pr l sondr "" oi' ".:.:-.:- , r ... s'..,lt in;~ i n tnv unl ".·,·,fu l ctv~.lh of sr:id Fl:·C;;c.Li o ;.icCr1.:ar y , Jal:. 1\. :;ar~lvy, :1tw r . J , Sr-ivc...·, !iooLi : • L~wrt.nc 1.; , t~ i.:rlin ". . :\i · ~ , E.:-.rry i: . A dr o , Cn~.CJ.1..;.:; ~ 1 ;.c·r .... y , ·J._L )t:r t. :-: . Carter , J , C. :.i1.:c!::.-.. 1<.' .. 1 , Joh1. 1~ . p· r.: ·r , ·;:.j·n-.. ·; ~ ··1:i.. ;:;0.1 , Do.'!:' J..d I\ . H:.thm·. ~~·, H<'.r ·.uo', S . Sha rp .:.n J•.m...:3 ;(. 1.:-• .' o~t_;_ , i;r.it1...d St.:.t .... s Milit,:1.r y Pe r :;o!mL:_ ('.n .. l . ri:;on~rs of 1/1.r , on J..9 Jw1..; l .~5 . 11

11 3ill of P~cticul<.:rs :

111 . Thc.t 0 !1 or ab~ut. 21 i.: ::.~· 1945, L:i.._u_c!l:J.nt, Co-1-on ... ~ ,

thvn li~jor , i:.:.!.•it:'-.:2. S'...t6iur a , of t nu J · i~::>.ni.;s..: l Or.n Ar .;:.. h.ri.~ , c:•.s Chief Jud:;.:. of a Jr·.1):.n .... su i:ilit<.!r:; Tr .;.uui.ul , did , r.t Tai:·,oku , Formoso. , k!1m::L-• ...;l;·, ;1ron~fully , w-.l~.· .. .:·_11~· £.!Id f'c.ls c; ly t.ry, ? r o s ecut e: and c-.d~u~~ .... Cl- rt~in ch:.r:;<.s ~!;~inst. Fr .:Jc:tlv i..~cC r.:ar~1 , Ralph R. H.:.r:. .'...c ; , :;i:.rr :, J , SpivC:,/ , Boboi..: JH Lc~·;ro..:1~c .. , .tf. i.;rlin VI . Riggs , rtu::r:· ::. A-u.r o , Ch:..rl.,.s E. Mc Ve·· , Del bert ~I . e r.rt er, J , C. Bucha::e.::, J o:1 .. ::t . F-.:.rA.,;c, "·-N:i.yn.,_, if . ' Jib,m , Donc.ld r: . Hathaway , H<·.1~ .. 001i S. Shar p ::.nJ J c.mes R. L£'.nt_;l.ott.:i. , UnitL:d Sta tc:s Milit~ry Pe r s t,:..,1<..:.- , t .:cn Prisonvr s of ·aclr, UJ!On fc.. ls v and f:-<::iudul unt cha r e;cs :'.:·.d u:-0.1 f1 l s0 a:1.J fr'lud1..11 .... nr, •JVidv:1cc.; 11n r.: ·. :ithout affording stld P::l.scn~rs o.f :'/e.r :. f:lfr hc.H .. r.~.-.i.; or t r fol , r...,s~lting in t he t~lC..i; ~·u1 death C•l 3~'.iC. F'r c ddio 1.;cCrJc.r y J ~.2.lph n. Hartley , Jic.rry J . Sµiv..:. ~· , Bob..: .i .... - · :.··.,:r \.!r.ctJ , ·:crlin ·• Hif;JS, Harry H. Alur o , C!r.rl;;s ;:; , ::c'/...,;: , D.,lbc ct :: . Cr . .rtvr, J . C. B-..ichD-nan , John R. Par~cr, ~:r•.' n0 ·.: . · . .:.1so.: , Don:\.·.U i\ . H:'.th=.i·1.:-..~1 , ~i~r'l.oo l s. Sharp and J.:.rr.us il . Ll'.nJi ot.tl , Unit.vd Stntos :..:il:.t~ry p._ rsonn~l , then Prisoners of ::c:l', on 1 -;1 Ju.r t:. 1945.

112 . Th.:.t or. or bc:t-.,•~ C;:~ 21 :;:.:r 191..5 ·-:1d 19 June 1945, Li .... ut .::n~nt Colo:E:l, th1..r. ;J·: j o .·, ::::!.rit·!k · Su ·iur~. , of th.s J af-<.ncs e l vth Are;a h.r .. ':,,_' , .:s c:1:!.. ..... f .!i...J;,;l: of '?. J c.. ·.n_:;1.; ~:ilitar~{ Tr. ban~~l, did , ~t Tniho!:u, ?or::-.J0~ , wr on0 f i.!ll:1 <..nd unlm;ful.i.y ordt.;r , direct and c~usc t i1 .. ot!;_r r.w1:ibc r s of s::!.id ;:ilit.::r-; ,..ribunc-.1 to se:r.tcncc to dc th F.~o ,:dic :..:c C:?.·rJ·.r~; , Ra J.ph : ~ . H"1r J.. t.;:·, H.::.rry J . Spi ve:: , Bobbi~ , L . Lc·.:r0.1c'-' , i.:t. r lin ·.:. f<igr;::; , H:i rr~' Ii . Al dro , Che.r1'..:s E. McVcy , D..: l be1·t :-: . Cc.r t ..... r, J . C. Buc.iQ..1:lt; , J cim R. Pc. r .<tJr , ·1·;c..ync ·.: . \:il son, Do::.::.lc.l " . H.:.thuiiO.:f , H:i.r\.ood S . Sh.:- r p ~nd JJ.m ..... s R. Lnngiotti , linitotl Stntcs ;.~ilit .::. r~ · Ft:r sorinc J.. , t i10:-1 Frisont.!r s o f ii.:.r , r esulti.nr; n the unlil\1ful dee.th of s<>.L .... ?r..:adk !~cCroar'J, Ralpn it. Hcrtlc~r, :-!e:rr • J , SrJiVt.:.~· , Bob .)i u !.. .• L~m·...:ncc , ::c rlin Y: . Riggs , 11:.rr .. :1 . Aldr o , c:1r~rlos L. . '...cV.:;j• , Li._. l cer t :: . C<ir tl:r , J . c. 9uc:1~n:-..1, J oh.'1 R. ? a r.< <..:r, \inyn · .. . · ;lJ.son, Do:i:'.lC:l l. . Hc..thaway , H~r-;.oo.: S . s:i~:rp, a nd Jam_s .~ . L::.11.;iot.t.:. , C:1.:.t<.!u 3t <...tvs hlilitr.ry P .... r son .. w-, then Pr.i.. sonc;r J of i·:a r , .;n i ·; J~ .. .1.<;~.5 .

n;. . Th::;.t on o r b .... t;iuC.~ 21 ~! =--~· 1945 c.r.d 19 Jw1~ 1945, Li .... u:...,! .r.nt C'LO.h;l , -.:.il.: .:1 ~.r. ·or , thrita'.rn Sut,iur <. , 0f the J a un~sc 10th A:-~--.. h.r:.'., ·, :-.r~ . <:....> Ch.i...:f Ji..ug~ or' ~ J:;.~,:11..osv ; :.:..i.it.:.rj Tr i bun.:::..L , 1:!...! , :-. .:. ::-. ~10:~\.. , For.:.J sa, t\ . :;~ :i:i~l~· , U!1l'.\:f~.al~r ;.1 · • .• illft:J.lr ;; :1:.- :.c ~ ?r ...... ,i c !.:ccru.J.r~,: , R~:lph :1 . :1r·.r t -:' , Hr.rry J . Spivey

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Dobbie L. Lawrence , Herlin W. Ri gr~s . '.~rry ~ . Al c1.ro . C~arl es E. Mc Vey , Delbert n. Carter , J. C. Buchanan , J ohn. rt. P:1 rk r: r , Wa;Jne \'i . Wn son, DoneJ.d K. Hathaw~. Harwood s. S>:nrp ii:lC'. J o. . . es R. Lnnc;iotti • United States Military Porsormel , tho:\ ? ri s )!:c r s of \far , t o bo put to c1.ea th , rosul tin(~ in t ho unln\'1ful cl ..... a .;h o: se.id 1 rocldie McCr eary , Bal.ph R. Hartley , liRrry J. 51,i·rny, ~~ olbio L. Lawrence , Merlin W. Ri ,;:-·s , ¥.arry :t. Al (1.r-, 1 Chnrl"s J:~ . 11b Vay 1

Delbert H. Carter, J . C. Buchanan , J ohn R. Purkor , We.yne W. Wilson , Donald K. :!at hawa:;r , ¥.a.rwoocl s. Shnr1) unct J1\111ca it . Lant:iotti on 19 June 1 945.

114. That on ancl. bc twAcn 16 liiay 1945 a nd 19 June 191.15, Lieutena nt Col o.1e1, Then ~iajor 1 l!o.ri tok~. Su riura, of the Japanese 10 th >.rea Ar:.IJ 1 ha.vini:; been a1l.1.1oi nt ed Chi ef Juc~t:o of a. Military Tribunal dcs i cnatecl to try ancl ndjuc'.(;c certa i n charc;es :l{··ni nst AJ:ierican ? ri soncr s of War , c!i r. , wron. ·fully nnC.. wi llfully fail to perforn his duti es a s suc h Chi of Jue~ ·o und c'.i c1. fail ancl ner;l cct to p rovide a f air or l'ropor trial, resul tin; ; i n the unl nwful clea t h of Froddi e McCrear y , Eall>h R. :-:lll'tl cy , K:11·r; J . &.!.J i voy, Bob bi e L. Lawrence , Merlin W. Ri ··i;s , r4:\rry H. A1clr o , Ch,..r1 cs E. McVey , Del bert n. Cnrtor, J. C. BuchDtWl , John R. Pa.rkGr1 We.yne W. Wilson, Donald K. r.athawa.y , ~rwoo1 S. Sharp and Ja.1.1cs R. Lanf:iotti, Uni t cd St ?.tes i~ili t e.ry .l?or sonnol , t hen Pri soncrs of War, on 19 Juno 1945.

11 5. That on or r.t out 18 June 1945. Lioutono.nt Colonel , then Ma jor, Uari takr. Su[_1.ura , of t ho Ja!mnese lCth Aroo. J..n.ly , did , knowi nPl y , wr ont;ful l y anc. unlawfully ore.e r , di r oct and authorize the illoi~al oxocu ti on of Fr ec'.rt i e NcCroo.r:r , Ral ph R. F.artley , Harry J. S}?ivey , Bobbie L. Lnwrcnco 1 Horli :'l w. Ri.:gs, Harry R. Aldr o , Chnrles ·E. !foVey , Do1bc•rt :r . Cart e r , J . c. Bucht.>.Mi.'l, John R, Parker, Wayne W. Wilson , Do!lRl c1. K. ?.athawny , Harwoor, s. Shc.rp r.ne. J nces n. Lt>.ndo tti, United St~tes Military Por sonnel, thon rriso1l6rs of Wf\r 1 r os·.tlti n. : i n t ho unl t>.wful (1.P.n t h of said FreM~i o McC reary , R'\l 1)h a. :...:nrtlcy ; narr;,r J . Svi v cy , llobbie L. Lawrence , Harlin W. Ili1 ·::s , Y.arr-.r !~ . Aldr o , Charl es E. HcVoy , Del bert n. Ca.rte r , J. C. ::!uchanan 1 John R. ? a r kor, Wayne W. Wilson, Dor.n1d K. :iftt hawey , :.:arw .. 1oc~ s. Sharp and Ja.iles R. Lo.n{.;i otti t Uni tecl f, t a t cs l·~ili t v.ry Por s')nnol , t hen rrlsoner s of War , on 19 J une 1945.

(4) Cn.i:'tni n J. oshi o HoJumo

"Bill of Particulr.r s :

11 1 . That on o r nb out 21 t1t>.y i 91.i.5 , Ca.1tai!'l Yoshio lfoka.no , of t ho J e._c>a.neso 10 t h .Area Ar:.~;r . a s :i. :10.:bor of a Jap c.nes e i1ili t a.ry ·r ribunal , 0.id, nt Taiholru , .B'o r .1osa , lm0winf l y , wrontiful1y . unlawfully tmC. f al sol ;r tr;. ~,rosccute a.nc~ ndjud: .. o certain char6es C\{~nins t Froclc~ie McCroP.ry , ?.v.l ph a. iio.rtle;:.r , :Iar~· J . SJ.>i voy , ::Oobbie L. Ll\Wronce , Merlin i"l . Ri t;c s , i-".nrry ?. . Alc'.ro . Charl es E. McYo:r , Don crt :-:. Cartor , J . C. Bucho.no.n , John R. Pnrkor , \'layno W. Wu sor. , Donal<~. K. Hatha way, ~arwoi:id s. Sharp rJ1C. Ja :es H. Lnnc.:i o t t i , United St a tes l~ ilitnry ~crsor.no1, then ?ri sonrffs of War , U.tJ~n f a l se a nd f raudulent e•·iclol'~..;a smd u1Jon f'1ls c u."'lc'. fraudul ent chnr &cs , r esul tint: i n the unlnwful c".ea t h of tl.o sai c". Freel.d i e HcC roRr-;. Eal .oh R. !!o.rtl ey , :-fo.rry J . Spi vey , nobi:i o L. Lawr ence , Merli n W. ili • .:t;s , r.arry H. Aldr o . Charles E. McVcy , :)ol bort n. Cnrte r, J . C. Buchanan ,

J ohn H. P~r . .t.:._ r: ..... ~ :" ".,;

S . She.rp ~n-.. .; ·: . ·:u.~o , ~: . - 1.J .: • . , .~. ,.: :... , E·

,.·.t: on 19 Ji...11 .... 19L..5 . ,, ' · .... _

11L, 'J. ·.t o:: ,l' ·•.i- .... t.. .l'.~ :· .1_ .... 9 .), .:: ·.~·'"' ·~L~ ':o.fr1io ~:aka.no , of tl ,; -·;;'"·· ~- , ,Ov~: :..~·~- :.• · .. .;y , -J.S : .. 1::;:1\h .... r of n Jupan-ese J,iJ.it.::.ry 'i':•.'.~·--·~ - . ... :iC.: . \1 i t!1v; t l ..;g: ·- vU'>t ific<~tion Or cause , at T.:!.i..;w::u , "·' ·- - ~',;! , .: .. c• .. in· 1.~·J ·r •;r~ f Uli,;1 <.m: unlenfully s .... ntence Fr0C::.ic :11.>.'-· .... ·:1 , .~c?.l1 ,i 1 n . r!.lr u ... ~ , r c.rr;/ .: • Spivey , Boubio L . Lt:.:rt .. c .. ) ~-·· i ·lic. : .. '.'"1,i . _, 'J , ' h rt·: · !-L · ...... !"). Ch<!r l os E. tlcVcy , Dcl 0"'rt ,-: . , ~ ... ~.__, · : <' ~ . [; -.: :-c.1 , j ....... . R. P<:..rk1.;r , \':ayn.,; ~; . r;ilsOi~, Dc0:1: .! l I\ • ::_ ~: . _, ~ . ' J :.:.n ')00 ~ . s:i :.!'1:' and J M.JS

R. La.n6iot ti , l.initcct S.:.r.t.s .:,5Jh:: · ~-'-.; I'- "'1-~ul ::?.1 .• F-risoners of '/Ta r , to be _;•~t to :c: ':- .. , ·,.i ~ .. :'), 1.. : • ...: .. ..:... •..; 1' .i..1·s~ ~ '':' .)_· ,ied said Prisoner s of · :.::.r e. f <!L· or f. i'O!Jer t r .:.c.l or i1er.ri."11,, r esul ting in the unle:;;ft>.l dc~.t:1 of s a i d Fr eddie ~cC:-enry , Ral pl: a. !1<:rtl ey, Ha ny J . S~ivc:,.· , Bobl.>ie L . L:i:we.:c1.1 , ~~erlin -. :. J.i:; .;:!'; , Harr~; ~! . Aldro, Charles 3 . :icVe!·, Delber t ii . C:u·ter, J . C. :=uc.1anan, J ohn R. Parker, ::·c::ne -. :. -.:ilson, Do.1.:..1.d : . • ilo.t n~:.:~.:' , !i<.ri.ood s. Sharp and James R. Lc.n~iotti , on ~9 June 1945 .

113. That on and between 16 ~a.y 1945 and 19 June 1945, Capt ain Yosi1io ihkarw , of t he Jupanese 10ti1 Area J.rmy, having been appointed J udge of a Japanese llilit<ir y Tr ibunal designated t o ti~· Ll!ld adjudge certcin charges against American Prisoner s of ',."<:.r , did, at Taihoku , For mosa, v.ron5f uL .y and v1illfully fail to perform his duti es a s such Judge and did fail and negl cc·;;, to provide a f ai r- or prO:)er t r ial , r esulting in the unlawful de~th of Freddie McCrear y , Ralph R. Ho.rtley, Ha r r y J . Spive: · , Bobbie L . Lawrence , Merlin ··:. Riggs , iia rry H. Aldro, Ch<..rlc s E. ;.:cVey , Del bert H. Car t er, J . C. Buchanan, John R. Par:rnr, ~ :n:rnc :: • ..'ilson, DonD-..Ld K. Hu. t h.?.\·m:.- , Har'tlood S. Sha rp ~nd Jru:-,es R. Le.n.:;iot ti , Ar..e rican r !'iso:1ors of ··:ar, on 19 June 19h5. 11

( 5) Caµt~in Ta~~o Ito

ll B1ll of P~tict:l~trs:

111 . Th~t on vr aoo-.:.t 21 ~ay l.945, Capt.:tin, then First Lieutenc_·.t , Tado Ito, oi' the: J ;;.pnnes"' 10th Arce. Ar.~' , a s the .i)rosecu.o~~ o.L "- Jc..iJ<mCse · .i.i.aar :,· Tr ibun<'-- , <li d, c. t Taihoirn, Formosc. , .. :io: :inel~· , r.ron..,fulJ..y , unl aY:fui.l ;: c...:-1d falsely t.r y clnd prosecute fr.:?_:-:1c :.:ccre:.ry, lmited states i:i..Litary Per sonnel, t hen a Prisoner of Har, u9on f n.l se an<l i':rn.udUJ.ent ch ::.r ges and upon f::.l.sc r.nd fre.udU.Lent evidence, r es :...lting in the unl~·:iful de.:.t:1 of sai~' Fre cl,.Uc i!cC1·ea ry on J.9 June l.945 .

11 2. Th<:t on or bet1·1e<: ?1 21 1~ny 1945 nnd 19 June 19L.5, Capte.in, then Fi rst Lieutenant , To.ciao Ito, o.L the J ::p3.nese 10th Area Army, <>.s a r.!e.110er of c.:. Japo.nese t:ilitnry Tril.>Una_ , did, r.t Tnihoku, Forr1os~, ::no;·.ingl?, v1rongfully , ~nla\ •fully and falsely t r y , prosecute and adjude;e ce rL .:iin char gos e.[ ..... .iJ:st Ralph R. Hartley, United Ste.tes l:iJ.i t~ry Personne.L , t i!en a Prisoner of './r.r, upon f nlsc l'.Ild frr.i.:aulent evidence anJ upo11 f"'.lse an<l fr.:!udulent ch:).r ges and •:ithot:t D.ffording t he sai d Prison0r of ~ i.:>.r n f :;, ir hearinb or t r il".l , resul tin~ in t.hc unlawful ·lo t!1 of s<>.icl rtz.lph R. H:irtley on 19 ,JWlc 1.945.

'

113. Th. .... t on or about 1 9 June 1?115 . Ca~'t:'l'..·, r.:. H.

Firs t Li eu+.<!!":P."": r:- .... -:- ~ · ;. i ·. ~.f ... ~·, 13 J:-;.f'r . .. ·r ,_C: 1 ; • ,. ,<. -.: . as c. ::-.e: ;1:c·. · '> • c:.· • • •• ,, -·~· .1 t -:iv. ·. ~ C:~ .r . t ! •. i hrJb1 , Forr.iosa , withot... r. l eral Justificaticm or cau~o, !-::10Hinf l y , wor ni:;ful l y ancl un).nwfu.Jl ;,· R<'!".';nr.':o !b l _.1h R. H1'. :-t:!. 1 y , U"li~c(1. Sto t es l.Ji l itar:.r Pc~·v.>t.J : ,:.'.. :.L ' . • ':.1. :;,:1cr of Wri.r ~ t v "on JU. ~ to '1 <:, ith , r csul t i n:: in the i;r.luwfol c.1.cnth of sai d Tial ph n. =~l' rtley on 19 Juno 1 945.

114. Tr.·'. t on aw'' 'ti. tv.•;· ~ 16 ; ;,~, 1 9l.:.5 nwl 19 Jur.e 19~5 · Captain ~ thoP. ?in: t J.i•J ~; ~. 1t.v. t,. i', ... dno I t o , of t he Japa.noso :\Oth ).r,.c:., l-.r-a::, b~;.i. .,, · 'i~ •,c r i·' L)(L:.nie1 J u6.r·e of a Jn)anese Mil i tar-J 'Ir: l:· l r •• ~ d 11<; ·L;ci< ~ .. 1:. to t; . ·r n..1:·. nc~jur1 .;o certain char{;es 8{;a.i ns t A.·1er.i. ca."l t'rts:-L. '";rs of \·:t-.r , f.icl, a t Tni hoku , Fo n:iose. , wronE;f ully and willfully fnil to >JCrf or •. 1 his c~11 ti es as such Judf:e v.nd <.id fail n.•<~ nc ·] e.,t ~o 1~1">vido a fair or )rO_L)c:r t r ial, r esul tinr: in tho un1 r.w!ul cl <- ~.~:. of i.a:!.J,>h R. !i~r tiey , an A:.lerican Pri soner of Waz , on 19 Ju:lo 1945. 11

11Bill of Particula r s :

111 . Tho.t on or r.bou t 21 l•iny 1945 , Ca.i.i t ni n , t hon First Lieu tenan t , 1-fasnharu i·,l\tsui , of t he Jo.i11.nc.1s1J l)th Aree. Arr.ry , as t he £.>r ')secutor of a JA.,t>ane6o Mili t11ry i:1ri~tmr.l , di cl , a t Ta i hoku , For nosa. , knowi 111 ·1y , wron; full/ , urd aw:'cll y and fB.lsely try am: .1.>rosecute iio.rr:r r. . Al r1.r o aml Charles E. McVey, United States ~iili tary iorGrmncl, theu Pr i sonor s c-i l·Tar , u9on fal se and f r a.uc:ul en t ch:>.r t_;es nncl U!>On false nnc! :'r nuc.ul c.m t evidence , r esul t i n<; i n t hr.: W11A.wful <1e: fa of sni i 1-inr r1J ti. Al c',r o and Charl es E. Mc Vey on 1 3 J u: io 191~5 .

11 2 . That on or betweon a !·ic.y 1 91~5 r.r.c'. 19 June 1 945 , CB!>to.i.n , t hen First Li eut cnn:. t , l·losn:--~ru !fa.t st:! , of th e J apanese 10 t h Area Ar1.ry , as a ilC'.Jb e r of a .;~ nn,..so Mili tnry Tribunal, di d , at Tai hoku , For no sa , k nj> .i n).y , wron, ·fully , t:nl D.wi'ully an<l f alsely try , p rosecute anj nd~de-e certnin chnr~os ;;i..~a ins t Jal bert ~. Carter, J . c. 3uchanan , John R. Parke r , Wny:1e w. ' 'h l s c,n and Donal d X. JU>. t haway , unitcC. St?.tos Militnr; ?nr sor1r.e1 , t h.en P ri s oners of '1:ar , upon false C\n! frP.uc'.ulon~ evi dence anc'. upon fal se and fraudulent chnr ,:os o.n.-'. without a:forcli ni· the sai cl Pri soners of 'Nnr a fo.i r hearinc o r t rial, : osul tine i n the wtla wf ul doat.'1 of saicl Delbert :r. Cartor, ; • C. 3u.c h.nn:-.n, John R. Parker, Wayne W. Wil s0r. nnr. Dona.l e'. K. r.athnwa_-.r -;n 19 June 194~.

113, Tha t on o r a.bout 19 June 1945 , Co..1.>tl\in tr.en First Li e\: t enant , Masoharu i'-iR~ sui , of t ho J n.:,Jnnoso l Ctr. Area Arr.\y , a s :l r.wn"oor of a J n.t>m:eeo Military ';ribunnl , <1.i c~ , at Taihoku , For nosa, wi thout le~;hl justi ficRt ~ on or cnus~ , k~owinly , wroncfully and w1l <...wfully sent ence Lelbort ::. Cp.r ter , J. c. Buchrurn.n , John R. Parker , Wnyno W. Wi~so:1 anc. Donald K. iin t ?laway, Uni tod States 11111 t o.r y :' er sor.nel , th on r r i so:ie r s of Wa:-, t o be put t o death Wi t h~ut ho.vi lle" f irJ t a ff'J r f..ocl m i d .?ris ~mcrs of War , n fair or propor tril'.l or r.oorin ;. r csU:. ti nt; i n fae unlawful c1 onth of sai c1. Dolb13rt ::. Cnr ter, J. C. i3ucha.1:m , Jo~ R. Par!:cr , Wayne W. Wilaon nn<~ Donald K. ~atnawey on : 9 June 1945.

- - -- ..

..

" .£ •. :.._ :1....-rl~:, ~ . J .... 6 .. . &~·:.~:~- ., .. ..1- ..... ' ... J.,5, C:.1-' t.. --.:. .. , !....~ ~.-. .·.-·.--:~ .-1it.n .... ~\.; .. 1ci .. L( .. : .. i..3U~.a~lt . . '.'L; .. 1. , o_· .... 1 v:-.!..,J.~·=--se l~. A.r .-t.. ;. ... • ;· , ::---.. ~ --· :. :.."ei1 ap~ n .. tt. •• Ji..·:. ::.. --.. Ja. ·;. __ --;,; : . .:.-it..:ir:1 Tr_:~·-.< - , d0si~~~tcJ b t.r: ' :..1 .· a .... .. · ~, _.t, .:.:~ v ':'. :!.' ·_:.;

a ·c.L .s t ;,;:~~r:.-:· L Pr .. ·;0•11 .. r ;:; ·Ji' ·,;;. · , .J.i.. , ~t T' : .. u . . , : ... . · ... Js c. , l'lr ... n,_,f ... 11.'.i .. :!1l". ·.:.:.ll.L' .11;,· 1:.d.J. to ! ' 1: rfv.L~. 1 . .:..;:; .- ~·.:. i ... :-; G..3 such Jt.d1_;e anti ,\id l'u .J. J.. -~· . . . :.; L(;C'- t o l-'··ov.,;. .:10 ~ .i'<.,L· or ,p ::'Of.i~.:: ,,r .:.~.i r es;.iltin ; in t he . ~"\l~ .·.::'tL" . . .. : .. -.. . .. 01' ..1el :;el't :!. c·u·::.c~ , •·• c. :· ..,.che.,1an , John. :L l- ar:: .. r, :; ·,: . ·.:J.-Jvr. rtr: D.J: ,:.:.J. ; 1 • 1.{a ... ::m:a;·, ;.;.1 ·.('i can Prisonu.~~ 01· .::~ , '"1i .i.., Jt2' .. t- J..;-'!}'' · "

en

::1 . : r.at V~l vr bet','1ee,·, 21 ~:"':r -: I 5 e.nd l7 j...,.!·1~ l';}L5 First Lieu .. c::m:.:1r. , thei1 Sec<J!1•J Lieu'V~ na... c , .;.i.ts· .. -.- ·'J~t.e: , cf t.he Japa'1ese l Ot.:: ,;,~·ec:. ;..r;::J, &s a me:aber of a J~pa'1 .. se : :_;_:;. . t : r:,· Tr i bunal, di a , ~ .. T;;di101.L , ~orr •. .:>sa , r: ::.)~ in:.:.L: , · .. ~ur ,_.i'U.!.l; , W:l::i:::fully and fc.:Sc:i.~ .. tr:·, p!'OS\.....:ut e <li1d ~~C1j4c. c:.•rtail1 charges against Harr.: .; • S;i Ve/ , B~o~1ir~ L. La\ . !'t::1~c '.::.!"ld :.!e!' l.in ·.;. Ri,:Scs , United States : ::LJ..it<.l'j' P 0 1·.:;v!1!1u.!. , t.:1cn Priso1 l'- rs of : '::r , upon fals e and f~nur\·D.c:?t ch<:.r£.,s und \-, o .• ~·:tls ... a ncl f r r.uduJ.er.t evitlence r 0:.>"l t:i.ng i.:1 t:1e U..'1la·nfu] C:c:.th 0f the s:d.d Harry J . Spivey , !3obtic ;,. L:r.:r cnce c..rs'l : :e ri .: .• · :. Ri.; :; 0!1 J./ J~ne 1945.

112 . Tlsat on or ei.oout l C) J.uw 1945, 7irst Lieute:iant , then Second I . .'.~ut ... n <.::7, , Ji t.:rno Oat.., , C.t.' t !rn J~.iJa: 1..:::;;e 10th J..reu. Arr;iy, as a nc::::lcl' o.f a Ja,x1.r1u~e :.:il1tary l'r li.n:nul , did, :.~ Te ihoku, Formosa , wit::out l c _:<:. l ju~tif~"c~tic1. 0 r cat.s..:· , :: .. ..i~. i.1 ·1:-, v:roi. ,~ fully and '..U!L?:.;fully ;:; 0nt t..! .!Cl: :1~u:r:r .; • Si· i ':u ... , no. •• .. i l: 1 . i..ar. r~r:~e and : ierlin :: • • ~i . ~::: , ~:1i".....:~ St:.:.:<;J ; .il.'.'J· :-,y P\,,r.:;or .. :c.:l LJ1 .. r r.!.s o11-ers of :'far , to ;,,e _ ·_;t tr., ..!c:. t. .. , :·u.; .. .!.. ~ .:...1, .. :: l.:lt.: i.<nlav:fu.l il.at h of the so.id :i:-.r::-:,· J . St-h'E.:; , :?r.ib0i ... J • :..a.· .. !-.., . .:e l.i1J ~:cui.:--, : . • RiQ5s on 19 J'-4-• .: 1),,5.

"3 . !'hat 0:1 c.n·: ..) .. t.:.e:en 16 :~ay l;'.~ :-~i.:l l 9 Ja~.e 19h5, First Lieute .. <-. .. t. , tncn Scc,md L.:. t;ut.e:~a:-: . , Ji~-,.._o Dat~ , of the Japanese l .:rL :·. ;..r.;<... ,'... 1·::~: , :.av ln:::· .:;~..::. ~j)p.)_;_ .'... .. d j ud;0 o f a .:ilitar:,.• Ti·L:n;rw.1 "e sj_~nc.t1.;u t v t r : a!1d uJ j ud50 c~rr.ain cha r £;es against A.-:iccican Pr:!.so:·:0rs of :iar , :1.:. .1, :.t Tul::olm, ji'ormosa, v1ron.;f ully c..:1rl ' 1i:!.lf··.Dy fail to p t)1·f or t.! .i.:. s .. •.lti~s as s t.er: Jud5e an~· Jit:. i'e.:~l &!H! ne;lec~ to p r ovi k: .::. f r..i:· or l.: :·oper t rla.L , i·coultin; i:-i ti1e t • .nla·.-:ful aec.th of Herr~' J . Spivey, Bobbie L . La~n· ·::nc~ a !1d ;..:erlin : ~ . Hig6s , fu:1.:ri ca:1 P:·i301wrs of ;ar, on 19 Jt~.ne 1945. 11

( d) First. Lie:.At. cnant h.:n F'uJi.:>:tt\·m

1. That O!~ or bet;1e;e11 21 t:ay :9!,5 ?.:1d 19 June 1945, First Licv.tcnant , the;r, S..:c ond Li~utcn<a.n~ , i . ...:n FujL<m·1a, of the J~~a1 1,,;S(; loth f..rca /..r-r;o,y, .:.s u. m..:Jr.Le:r uf :-. Ja,;ttr.dsc Mi- it<:ry Tribun;;;.l , cLi.d, at 'i'ai.'1oku, Formosa , :::10: . .:..:: ~·1:· , v.r ongfully, un.J.a·.ifcll~· an~ .f<:ls ely t r / , p·csi:;cut.l,; an· t'ldju.dge c erta in char ~c::; u_):l.:.nst !ia r · .:>0 ~1 S • .3!1c.. r'" .:nd Jan >.:.s ~i . Lan :iotti , Unit~<i St:.tu::; ::i.i.it t.~7 rerson.:1~.J- , :.:11:::: r~i3un :-s o.f · :'.r , u on

fo.l. s o and fraudulent eh.ar gos and u1Jon f alse and f rP.udulei.t evi<".cnce r esultinG i n the unlawful doe.th of t ho s:.i.i c'. :.rrw')IJC. S. Sharp and Jaa es R. Langio t ti on 19 Juno 1945.

11 2. That on o r about 19 June 191t5 , First Lieutenant , then Soe0nd Li eutenant , Ken hjiknwa , of t he Jr.p:. :;~3c 10th Areo. Ar~, as a :lcm'be r of a Jai.u:mos(• Mili t tu;r T:·i"cur..1tl , r>.V_, a.t Tni hoku , Formosa, w1 th':>ut l crsa.l juot i f:!.cat i or, o r ~nusG , k:i!o·"i ngl y , WMn~fully and unlawfully s i:m t "'nc3 :=:arW>'><.~ s. Shnr£' nnd J n:Jes R. Ln'".~iotti , United $\;r.tes H: 1itF".r;r .c'o r s m -.ol :l.r.<'. L- ri sone r s of \'Tar , t o "bo ,)" t C:J <'c<'th , ro&..i.'. ~::.n;.· i n the UJ1l awf ul c:e1~t}, fJf t he s:::.lC. ::::r.r ;•0ot. ::... :.:: ·u·_1 :inc". JA. 106 R. Lo.nt i o tti o;i 19 June :!. 9L5.

113. That oh n..•<'. bfl twoor. 16 i~cv· 1945 a.:1e,_ 19 Ju?ie 1945 , Firs t Lioi.:tc:..:u '-r ·.,:ic n Soc,.,nc'. Li u tonnnt , i:l'.ln ruji knwa , o f the J a_iJancse l Ct,h :..ru ... ~r.1·; , !w.vin. : or·•m '·\J:>.ioi :.ted Jm:(~e of a Mili tn.r:r ': r i :-u.'1cl c".osi;·"!lC tw.i t o t r / 1.ina. adjl:<l.-:c certnin ehar bes n;~ainst A:-Jc 1·kf'. :1 Pll.>0:10 r s of i•:ar , ,,.ii. , wr·~r.1.'fully and Willfully ff.il t 'J pe rfor:.: h i.; <'.11ti ~: s ns such J u<'.,:o r.ncl di<. fai l and nc{;lect t o i> r ovir:c. e. fl'.ir or 2 r 0L> or t rial r FJsul tint; i n t !tc unlawful death of ii<.:. rwood s. SharL> 1 •• • a. Jn. 10s R. 11.ull·i o tti, A:.lerican ~ri sone r s <Jf Wnr , o:i 19 Jwto i 9u5. 11

! . F r ?i:l f\ rce~~i!1.: of tht' r ecri r cl it i s B.Jpar ont that this case di ff ere f r oi.\ a ll o t he;. r w.'1.r c ri..10 ens<?s tried i n t his jurisdiction. ~'horo we r o ni:- chu1r es of o.cturu physicul. '.>rutali ties or t or t ur es , and non e: wc·r c L>rw cr .• Tho ~'cruel , irilii:...mn and b ru to..l ntr 1;cities a.: .(. '.:ltflor :,ffons~:H11 rel n tc t .1 a."1<1 o.ro t i ed u:p i n t h:, unfo.i:r trinl s Met thei u!llawful f ·recuti~ms cil('.r_ ·~a. . In th ii , . tho ca!3o differ s f r rJ. \ t h (3 T(;Cl:n t c?.~C' of Ur;1 1,cc'.. States v , Saw~/11 ct <l.J, . ( thv D?r_,H '.; tJ.c r.r.so) which r.lso i nvol·: cC'. a trial n:.-. cxt:cut~on 0 f so.:10 o: th•. fli -:i r~ inv0l vcC.. I ~"?. t!-oe

1&0..i.ti.'....Q. ~Q tr.oru wns tor~u:;:e : n th-"' u~ t rP . .::ti0n of co: .• 1Ss i on s a~~ nc'.: issi o:~s , •..tl '.c' crt~!...l ~r<:, 4t11rnt n.t:. r:?.n!· tne fliv rt.' lone~ _,o:;ob( of C'>n:~. : ·.c.10:-.t '.Ii.i ~ c, ~u i s ei .. i.l:>.r t 'J the j)oolittle cnso in that tho tr1al of -[0 c~ f.:.i c .-~ by tl-.t: Ja. i:u·,, S'1 invol v e1 fnlso ~ 1nfcssions ''-'-'~. t.tH .. ~ riP l of ·"h" !:I) u t oe:r: f lic rn i :1V')l vetl falsif~c~. statoi.~•;il ts (Jf i a t orr o. r.ti '>r . •

o . The cl6ci si m in thr. c··.sc 0f ":."r, .. nshitn v . St vcr , 66 Si.:.p. Ct. Re.£> 340 , 352, i s t!-.c t •u th~dt,1 f '>r t~o hoL ' i !1r t:-ln t t ho GenovR. f ri sor.e r '2\f ·:::- r C 'J :.·1r1. tior.. d :-cs not ~JLJl~/ t i) _1roCO) t\:r e offenses , jut i t :;:>·.ir. ';:? C\:.t t !-.:-.t

11 ! nd.o1>cr.~.e: t of Mti ' e r cquiro.:-.ci:t s •jf t ho J.<meva Co!!vm1t.ion , i t i s 1. viol::.t, i m >f tl".c ll'.W of wo.r , r;1 . -.1r.ic!-. ti.0 1 · c ·; ,;.] ~- '::o l' •· 0nvictioj':. if St!.iJ.L>'j rtod by ovir.'.e::-.ce , ·.;o :i: f '. H: '. c a.1;j:i i;n l 1)Ull i :>hr.1mt '>!".

~r=.s_nor.3 'Jf wr;.r .,,i Lr.;r.:. + ·i. 1'r,l :'i1 ... · t r.C't.l t !".c o • .JlJOrtunit;i t 'J ::<~ko a d.ef m.su . t.l!P . 3:.i.c) .

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t'. .lCc-:-.u:.;, of the ace · 2 'i c:nn :ln .. :.;tot·i ... , · .,e ~v.i. 1ur.c<: t-1Cu:;\. . • ,<...t' ..:.... ~hi.. ca ... ;;~, \'Jl·- ...L:1 ~ · s -·· Thu $ iX Ja,,1:-? :.::. r ... c~l'd$ of t l·i:.l , co: .. t.L .. t 1 0.1 t'-r th_ ·~ .;.·j .. -c:.;e: sur r ..... 1 1c,.·, · .e!·, ..U1tr oL1t..c ..:~. ~~.:; cn:: 1oc.~:: nts 1· .· l:?.d . t.u the F'or;:.os~ .-._ __ i·~·.1:: L ~ . , ..Li-izo .. · .i. t, .. Toi : ~ · o , ::;t ·:.. .... ~ .. 11\.s c f t..ht: «cct.s· .. ·..! .... : " .• .i.c:· -v~1·...lj' auh~r~ t o t h\ r ... cor d::; .::.n ... .:;1..bstan-U ntc co.11Pl ct, :l t. :ci:;.ls , stat-..: ;:·.€!11~.s of t.h '- ac~u1c:d i ! 1 "hicl thc::,r cor.t .~ :. t.i ·c '. : •. -:. th ... ~ rials di d not ,;o G<:: ·o.:d 21 ~1ay l 9! 5. Tl c tr:::::;ti.:.1or.;· o!: cc;:··~ ·'.'.i:: of t!· .... f.-rOs •,Ct:t ion .1.i.t11vGS'-.1 t.uH.i to indicate t.hct ;.:;;_ ·l.'.. r i <.ls \'1cr.,, not co. 1t-·- ... t •, 01. 21 ::.'.\y 1 /45, ::_"'Id t est imony of ot:1ur Hitn<.:s~H;3 ~ o-· :j,_ !Jr os ... cut.!.:i .. that t:.!'lt; trials did end on ~l ~;::~· r.n,: t.f-\a t. L1L ..:u...:.c.;.<...J.. J0 ... ::-.;.·t..L.:r.t cndc::i."o r cd to obtain r.h..; Co:: . . ::'..l,c!c..r 1s :>_. ~ro·..,ai_ or' th·- .. l ... ~.t: . st:!nt .... nc1:..s and to obtain or( .. h.:1·s .... 'or the ux..:cut i o!'l .

g . ·.;ith r c:;pcct t o the felsit.v o,;.' n ch<:.r.;us a6ai.'1st the /.Jnt:rican c.i.r::1~m , it is b t;.lic\·..:d ;..h.:.t. t his r~corci i:;; sufficien t to sustain .sue:~ fir.<.i :1..1_s :-.gainst <.i.Ll. of 'vho accus.a: t :.. ·,J, cm SUCh findin_:;s a r :.. pert.:..r.\,;nt , Cl.(:~!' l'.nd CO!WJnCi.~:_.; ~ ·.:.i.,:v!'1Ce ~·;as prcs c:::ntcd by t:1v prosccut ion t h<!.t ~ortr:.in of the stc..t e:-:t1.:nts of interrogation of tho /~erican e. irm\,..'1 , i M.ch •,Jer e purport"dl~· before t he mi..Litc::. ry .. ribtmC'.l f'.nd ·11.-;ich v1 c:; r 1.. th~ bc.s0s for t h.) ci1:'.r ;vs against such :.irf.!m , cs th.;y :'lo:; at)pua r i n th .... Jo.~a:i'-s"' r.::cor ds of t rial, wcr ., c han,.:;i..;d f ro.:. th1.:: stc.tv.-:vnts iv'-n .),/ th1:. .::.irme n and actually conside!'Cl, by t!1t.. Ja~~.:. ~se: tiilitt:.I"'J '!'riburnu . Sl!ch evidence t ends ·(,o cc~st suspicion upon end r.o discredit a ll the alfogcd stat.: •. l'.!rr;:.s of int0rrogat ion set !'orth i n th~ Japanese

" r ecor ds of t. l'i.:-.i. ~The: int0rpr1.;t eI) l'li10 ·.:C). s prcs0nt. ~ .hen the f a l sifi..::d str.tc::w!"lts we r e tn:~cn t cs tifi..,J the.t none of th ... ai1·-men conce r ned :::adc ruw admis:.ior.s of indiscr.Llinat .... i..x:>.::Ling or strafinc"; . Thi. s ' :fs tr~E- e.lso of t~o.:: t -.. s t :i.n101 y of cu rte.in of thu r epor,t er s 1:1ho t<.:sti!icd for ~h.:; P,/C)lvC}ttio •• ~,h.i..lc t he accused ; ~ ...... dew th e: f c..lsific .:-.tion an .... , t6s t ify as to aJ..t.iss io:is of guilt , , madu by the .:.i :!.tC.! l _, such (.;~id~nc ... is not s:tff ~cicnt to ove r come the p r osccllt. ion1 s cvj.uenc 1:. ·11hich has ..i.n 110 \·1a;· been C..:i scr editvd . Since t ho Facts of Crime: or St ?.t ... mcnts of O~:bio'1 upon \'ch ich t r .la.Ls Wl:!r c ordcr cJ b:· the .!a.._)C!H.:sc authoriti-..s a r .:. b::'ls ..::d o:i the s totesrents of intcrro~.:>.tion at l.::~st in pert , th-: f~lsity of the stc.te.11cn..,s can a!"H, ::mst :r.c.n th ... !'< . .Ls .:.t.y of t .1\, Facts of Crime .

h . · :it~1 r u3.iJuct to t.hc fc l3it~· of t!'w ... vidnncc, the conununt s in ~:ub-paru...;r:il-':1 11 g" <...hov .... ar, !-'crtincnt . Accor ding t.o th.; ~v i dcncc for t he ~rosec~t.ion nnu for t h ._ def ens<;: , the stat0mcnt.s of interrogation of th .. uir1:1""~ .-.1·c :. suost<:;n tia l p11rt of th.;; ccse ega ... 11St thrn:1 b<:;: f or u th(, Jo.1 ... W1l-SC ;,.il.i.i:.ry Tribuna l . As stat ed above , the pr ov c.111 f cl.sit, 1 oi so.: 0 , t(,nds to co.st susf)icion upon a nd to di scNdit al.L . Thu f <..lsit,y of such statei.1un;;.s c.:tn o.r,d must m~:-.n th._ f !..lsity o::...' ::-.n i;n. ... orto.nt part of th;; 1.;v.i<lc:ice .::gains t th~ a irmen .

i . Ti1 ~ ch.:-.r.;cs ns to unfa.i.r t-r iab of th., Arr.~rican ai rmen would ll;>iJGw' to be susk.:..n.::d by proof t l1c.t ti1&y wer e r.ot afforded the; oppo~·t·J!1 it:,' to obtjtin uvLonc<.: or \01.Ltn ... s~cs (in

their owr. b l..r . .:-.lf. The Japanese. attcmptvd to justlf:,• th i s, fir s t on t he i;r rur.d t! o.t i.."'.c:: of 1-erson:-11) ... ~\nu f<-cil.itiC.;5 r.ir:.d<: it i.mpossibl 0 to p l.;r .. :it th~ airmen to zo to th~ s cenC;s 01~ th\Ji r alleged indbcr i. ti.natc bomb.i.!lgs a"lct str~finJs, s ccvndly on the:

t gr ound that t i11... r..ir::'!cn ::e r e given full opportunit~ · i:1 court

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