153

October 2019

34753-AUTO ELECTRONICS

Question Paper Code: 153

October 2019

PART – A

(1)Question No 8 in PART-A is compulsory

(2) Answer any FOUR Questions

(3) Each Question carries 2 marks

1. Mention any four engine components. (Write any 3) (2 Marks)

Engine Components:

Cylinder

Piston

Connecting rod

Crankshaft

Camshaft

2. Define Transducer. (2 Marks)

Transducer:

A transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to

another. Common examples include microphones, loudspeakers, thermometers, position

and pressure sensors, and antenna.

3. What is the function of exhaust gas oxygen sensor? (2 Marks)

Function of Exhaust gas oxygen sensor:

The presence of oxygen in the exhaust gas is sensed by this sensor.

4. What are the advantages of electronic fuel injection? (Write any 3) (2 Marks)

Advantages of Electronic fuel injection:

Low specific fuel consumption.

Each cylinder gets the same amount and the same richness of the air petrol

mixture.

Better fuel economy.

Better engine power.

Better acceleration.

No icing trouble.

5. What is Microcontroller? (2 Marks)

Microcontroller:

A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small computer on a

single metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit chip.

A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with

memory and programmable input/output peripherals.

6. What is the need for vision system? (2 Marks)

Need for vision system:

The purpose of a general machine/computer/robot vision system is to produce a symbolic

description of what is being imaged.

7. What is meant by head light dazzling? (2 Marks)

Head light dazzling:

Dazzling is nothing but hindering the vision of the driver of the vehicle, due to high

intensity bright light from the opposite vehicle. The extreme brightness of the light temporarily

blind the eyes of the driver.

The various factors which govern it are:

Brightness

Contrast

Angle subtended by the bright area on the eye

8. What is the function of alternator? (2 Marks)

Function of alternator:

The alternator is the generator which produces alternating current. The main function of

the alternator is to convert mechanical energy from the engine into electricity.

PART-B

(1)Question No 16 in PART-B is compulsory

(2) Answer any FOUR Questions

(3) Each Question carries 3 marks

9. What is the function of lubrication system? (Write any 4) (3 Marks)

Function of Lubrication system:

To reduce friction between the moving parts.

To reduce the wear and tear of the moving parts.

To reduce the power loss due to friction.

To carry the heat generated by the moving part.

To reduce the corrosion and erosion of moving parts.

To reduce the noise produced by the moving parts.

10. What is an electronic regulator? (3 Marks)

Electronic regulator:

Voltage regulator, any electrical or electronic device that maintains the voltage

of a power source within acceptable limits. The voltage regulator is needed to keep

voltages within the prescribed range that can be tolerated by the electrical equipment

using that voltage.

11. What is the purpose of engine speed sensor? (3 Marks)

Purpose of Engine Speed Sensor:

Speed / Timing sensors provide information to the ECU regarding how fast engine is

turning and exactly where the crankshaft is in its rotation.

This fundamental information is used by the ECU to control fuel and ignition, as well as

to make sure that engine speed does not exceed safe operating limits.

Timing information is used by the ECU to determine exactly when fuel injectors should

be actuated and when spark plugs should be fired.

12. List out the objectives of engine control system. (3 Marks)

Objectives of Engine Control System:

Engine control system is necessary to regulate the automobile exhaust emissions.

To improve the fuel economy.

Enhance the performance of the vehicle.

Precisely control the air-to-fuel (AIF) ratio to minimize exhaust emissions.

To provide anti-jerking control to the vehicle.

13. What is the function of cut-out? (3 Marks)

Function of Cut-out:

In addition to the exhaust valves mentioned in other posts, a cutout is a component of early

voltage regulators used with generators (before the modern alternator). The function of

the cutout was to disconnect the battery from the charging system when the battery was fully

charged

14. Mention the recent trends in automobile technology. (3 Marks)

Recent trends in Automobile technology:

Automotive and automobile industry is grabbing the on-the-go privilege of

mobility. With the growth of digitization, the customers are always in search of

Enterprise mobility solutions for automotive and automobile industry that can support

their digital transformation lifestyles.

Electrical vehicles

Hybrid vehicles

Fuel cell electric vehicle

CNG Hybrid vehicles

Intelligent robot vehicles

15. What is a hybrid vehicle? (3 Marks)

Hybrid Vehicle:

The word ‘hybrid’ means something that is mixed together form two things. Hybrid

electric vehicles (HEVs) typically combine the internal combustion engine of a conventional

vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle.

The combination offers low emissions, with the power, range, and convenient fueling of

conventional (gasoline and diesel) vehicles, and they never need to be plugged in. The inherent

flexible of HEVs makes them well suited for fleet and personal transportation.

16. Write short notes on GPS. (3 Marks)

GPS:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) of its kind in the world, GPS uses the transmission

of microwave signals from a network of 24 satellites orbiting 12,000 miles above Earth to

pinpoint a receiver’s location, as well as its speed and direction of travel.

GPS quickly became a widely used navigation aid throughout the world. Compared to

their early predecessors, today’s GPS devices are quite compact and extremely accurate.

GPS car navigation system can be factory-installed on new autos or purchased as an add-

on accessory. Some GPS car navigation systems are interconnected with sources of traffic

information, enabling them to automatically account for construction and congestion when

determining the best route.

Part – C

Each question Carries -10 Marks

17. (a) What is Cam shaft? Describe with a sketch. (Explanation- 5 Marks: Diagram – 5 Marks)

Cam Shaft:

The Camshaft receives power from the crankshaft.

It is made up of forged steel or cast steel.

It consists of cams.

It is connected to the crank shaft through timing gears or by timing chain.

It contains number of cams to actuate the valves in an engine.

Separate cam is provided to drive the mechanical fuel pump.

A gear is provided in the camshaft to drive the ignition distributor.

The cam shaft is driven by the crank shaft by a pair of meshing gears or a sprocket and chain

mechanism

(Or)

(b) Describe the types of fuel injectors. (Explanation- 5 Marks: Diagram – 5 Marks)

Types of fuel injectors:

18. (a) Write down the major battery defects and remedies. (10 Marks)

(Or)

(b) Enumerate the procedure for battery charging. (10 Marks)

19. (a) Explain the use of engine knock sensor. (Explanation -5 Marks; Diagram – 5 Marks)

(Or)

(b) Illustrate the brake actuation warning system. (Explanation -5 Marks; Diagram – 5 Marks)

20. (a) Explain the use of voice warning system. (10 Marks)

(Or)

(b) Describe the architecture of micro controller. (Explanation -5 Marks; Diagram – 5 Marks)

Architecture of micro controller:

THE 8051 ARCHITECTURE Introduction Salient features of 8051

microcontroller are given below. Eight bit CPU

On chip clock oscillator

4Kbytes of internal program memory (code memory) [ROM]

128 bytes of internal data memory [RAM]

64 Kbytes of external program memory address space.

64 Kbytes of external data memory address space.

32 bi directional I/O lines (can be used as four 8 bit ports or 32 individually

addressable I/O lines) Two 16 Bit Timer/Counter: T0, T1

Full Duplex serial data receiver/transmitter

Four Register banks with 8 registers in each bank.

Sixteen bit Program counters (PC) and a data pointer (DPTR)

8 Bit Program Status Word (PSW)

8 Bit Stack Pointer

Five vector interrupt structure (RESET not considered as an interrupt.)

8051 CPU consists of 8 bit ALU with associated registers like accumulator ‘A’ , B

register,

PSW, SP, 16 bit program counter, stack pointer. ALU can perform arithmetic and logic

functions on 8 bit variables.

8051 has 128 bytes of internal RAM which is divided into

o Working registers [00 – 1F]

o Bit addressable memory area [20 – 2F]

o General purpose memory area (Scratch pad memory) [30-7F].

The 8051 architecture. 8051 has 4 K Bytes of internal ROM. The address space is from

0000 to 0FFFh.

If the program size is more than 4 K Bytes 8051 will fetch the code automatically from

external memory.

Accumulator is an 8 bit register widely used for all arithmetic and logical operations.

Accumulator is also used to transfer data between external memory.

B register is used along with Accumulator for multiplication and division. A and B

registers together is also called MATHS registers.

21. (a) Describe the basic components of electric vehicle. (10 Marks)

In the figure the black line represents the mechanical link, the green line

represents the electrical link and the blue line represents the control information communication.

Based on the control inputs from the brake and accelerator pedals, the electronic controller

provides proper control signals to switch on or off the power converter which in turn regulates

the power flow between the electric motor and the energy source. The backward power flow is

due to regenerative braking of the EV and this regenerative energy can be stored provided the

energy source accepts.

The energy management unit cooperates with the electronic controller to control

regenerative braking and its energy recovery. It also works with the energy refueling unit to

control refueling and to monitor usability of the energy source.

The auxiliary power supply provides the necessary power with different voltage

levels for all EV auxiliaries, especially the temperature control and power steering units.

(Or)

(b) Discuss the features of vision based autonomous road vehicle. (10 Marks)

Autonomous and assisted driving in city urban areas is a challenging topic that needs to

be addressed during the following ten to twenty years. In the current work an attempt in

this direction is carried out by using vision-based systems not only for autonomous

vehicle driving, but in helping the driver recognize vehicles, and traffic signs.

Autonomous Vehicles will change our fundamental lifestyles, and in doing so they create

what are perhaps the most significant opportunities of this century. The benefits are

unprecedented. The challenges are sizeable but not insurmountable. As described in this

book, the disruptions will be incredible.

Autonomous Vehicles:

Opportunities, Strategies, and Disruptions, written by a successful consultant and author

on technology strategies. It provides unique insight and perspective on the autonomous

vehicles:

See how lifestyles will change as transportation of changed for everyone.

Learn about the autonomous driving, what it means, and the technologies that make it

possible.

Consider the unprecedented benefits that autonomous vehicles will bring.

Discover autonomous ride services and how this will become one of the largest industries

ever, and at the same time one of the biggest disruptions ever.

Explore the expected strategies of the companies competing for these exciting markets.

Understand the disruptions that will be created because of autonomous vehicles and the

markets shifts they bring.

a. In the last few decades, autonomous robotic automobiles have been increasingly

in evidence, given the fact several gains for security, power consumption,

efficiency, etc. are involved.

b. Nowadays, there are vehicles capable of driving in different situations, for

long distances and respecting traffic laws . However, these vehicles use

high cost sensors, some of them impractical for final commercial cars,

limiting the target customers.

c. In addition, they must deal with some problems caused by the environment where

the car inserted, for example, the localization problems common related to

GPS signal losses, as described by many DARPA participants . Hence, this

leaves us several possibilities for new navigation approaches based

on low cost sensors, better suited for the environment where the vehicle is

inserted.

d. Sensor-based control is a useful strategy based on exteroceptive sensors data

(such as sonar, radar, LIDAR, and vision systems) to guide the robot during

navigation tasks. This can be extended for car-like robots, once their workspace,

mainly in the urban environments, is rich of perceptible.

Prepared by:

N.Lakshmiganesan

Staff ID: 42222004

222, Arulmigu Palaniandavar Polytechnic College,

Palani

Contact Number: 9942645622