10 Good Reasons To Visit Sri Lanka

10 Good Reasons To Visit Sri Lanka

Diversity

Sri Lanka is a small miracle partly due to the compact physical diversity of thispearl-shaped island - but, as we shall see, this diversity extends to virtually everyaspect of life. Fringed by variously-shaped sublime beaches, from straight expanse torocky cove, the island possesses a coastal plain containing a host of geographicfeatures such as lagoons, wetlands, rivers and various types of wildlife-rich jungle.The plain ends in the central area where the land starts to ascend into mist-shroudedmountains, covered in forests of wind-stunted trees (in fact there are seven differenttypes of forest in Sri Lanka), plains known as patanas, and rolling tea plantations.In addition, the hillsides are invariably punctuated by dramatic waterfalls. For itssize Sri Lanka has perhaps the largest number of waterfalls of any country.

People

Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural society, a reflectionof the island’s encounter with successive foreign immigrants. But it all began withindigenous people, the Veddahs, hunter-gatherers who exist today.The main ethnic groups are the Sinhalese and Tamils, both originally from the Indiansubcontinent. Then there are Muslims, who settled in the island from the time itbecame an ancient trading centre. Similarly, Malays and Chinese were also attracted tothe island. The Portuguese and British brought with them Kaffirs from Africa, and theDutch an assortment of European traders, the Burghers. There are other communitiestoo, the Chetties from South India for example . . . the list is extraordinary.Whatever their situation in society, the people of Sri Lanka possess a warm andfriendly nature reflected in persistent smiling faces and eagerness to help thoseunfamiliar with aspects of local life. You’ll find that Sri Lankans are veryhospitable and take pride in inviting people to their homes, however modest they maybe. So don’t be surprised if a driver or guide, or indeed virtually anyoneencountered, requests the pleasure of your company. And don’t decline, as Sri Lankanhospitality is taken very seriously!

Cultural Heritage

Sri Lanka’s cultural depth is recognized by UNESCO, which has declared sixarchaeological World Heritage Sites in the country:The sacred city of AnuradhapuraThe ancient city of Polonnaruwa The golden temple of DambullaThe ancient city of SigiriyaThe sacred city of KandyThe old town of Galle and its fortifications(The seventh World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka is an ecological example, The SinharajaForest Reserve.)

From enormous dagobas (dome-shaped structures) and remains of ancient buildings in theruined cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, to the awesome stairway to the templeat Dambulla and the sensual frescoes of heavenly maidens at the palace at the rock ofSigiriya, visitors can experience these World Heritage Sites within a compact areacalled the Cultural Triangle.

In the hill country lies the former royal capital of Kandy, home to the DaladaMaligawa or Sacred Temple of the Tooth, which houses the sacred tooth relic of theBuddha. With its distinctive architecture, art and music, Kandy is a bastion oftraditional culture.

In contrast, experience the colonial heritage of the country by heading south to themid-17th c. Dutch fort at Galle, the best preserved in Asia. With 14 massive bastions,a grid system of streets, and some original Dutch bungalows, the fort bustles withlife just as it did when Galle was the country’s main port. It’s simply one of themost unique attractions in Sri Lanka.

Festivals year round?

Sri Lanka’s ancient civilization endows the island with a legacy of colourfulfestivals relating to the Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian religions.Furthermore, these festivals are commemorated with the flair of a people with a geniusfor pageantry and ritual.

Every full moon day is a public holiday known as poya. The most important is in May –Vesak Poya - which marks the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and Pariniwana (passingaway). Worth seeing are the illuminated pandals (bamboo frameworks), hung withpictures depicting events in the life of the Buddha.

Sri Lanka’s most tourist-oriented festival is the Kandy Esala Perahera, held in Kandyover 10 days in late July to early August and climaxing on Esala Poya. Perahera means“procession” and that’s exactly what occurs nightly - a magical passing-by ofdrummers, dancers, whip-crackers, acrobats and robed elephants. A caparisoned tuskercarries the reason for the festival, the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha for thepeople to venerate.

Hindu festivals include Vel, held in Colombo in July, in which God Skanda’s silver-plated chariot and vel (spear) are paraded across the city, and the KataragamaFestival in the deep south, also connected with Skanda, in which fire-walkersparticipate.

Ayurveda & Spas

Sri Lanka has always been a place that refreshes not just the mind and body, but alsothe soul and spirit. And for thousands of years, the most popular method used torestore and rejuvenate tired bodies and weary souls has been Ayurveda – the oldest andmost holistic medical system available in the world Sri Lanka has been a centre ofspiritual and physical healing for 2,000 years. Ayurvedic programmes consist of arange of herbal treatments and various types of baths and massages, together withcleansing and revitalization techniques such as yoga, meditation and special diets.

Sri Lanka now has a number of spas, mainly on the west coast, which not only provideAyurveda but also other Eastern and Western therapies, such as Thai massage,hydrotherapy, herbal baths, reflexology and beauty treatments. For those seekingspiritual nourishment, meditation courses are also available.

Wildlife

The need to conserve the environment was deeply ingrained in traditional Sri Lankansociety: in the 3rd c. BC, the country’s first Buddhist monarch established theworld’s first wildlife sanctuary. Today, this tradition continues with 13% of SriLanka conserved as national parks, reserves, sanctuaries and jungle corridors.

Sri Lanka possesses a high degree of biodiversity. Indeed the island (together withthe Western Ghats of India) has been identified by Conservation International as oneof 34 world biodiversity hot spots. In addition, The Sinharaja Forest Reserve, thecountry’s last viable area of primary tropical rainforest has been designated a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site. What’s remarkable is the high proportion of endemic species.

A safari in one of the 14 national parks offers the chance to see some of Sri Lanka’s91 mammals (16 endemic) - elephant, leopard, sloth bear, sambhur, spotted deer, hog,mouse- and barking-deer, wild boar, porcupine, ant-eater, civet cat, loris, giantsquirrel, and monkeys such as the macaque, purple-faced leaf monkey and grey langur.

The island is an ornithologist’s paradise, with over 233 resident species, (33endemic) - but migratory species stretch the number to an astounding 482. There are171 reptiles (101 endemic including two crocodile species). Thankfully, only five ofthe 83 snake species are lethal. In recent years there has been a surge in thediscovery of amphibians, so that by the time you read this, the figure of 106 (90endemic), will no doubt have risen.

Adventure and Special Interest Sports

With over 1,600km of coast, Sri Lanka is an ideal location for wind-surfing, water-skiing, surfing, sailing, scuba-diving (including wreck-diving), snorkelling, speed-boating and banana-boating. Prime water-sports sites are located in the Negombo regionon the west coast, Wadduwa, Kalutara and Beruwela on the south-western coast, andBentota, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Unawatuna, Koggala, Tangalle and Hambantota on the southernand south-eastern coasts. Water-sports providers are run by local and foreignprofessionals (including PADI-qualified instructors) and rent state-of-the-artequipment.

Sri Lanka possesses over 100 hundred rivers, together with lagoons and ‘tank’(irrigation lakes), so there are plentiful opportunities for year-round kayaking andcanoeing, perhaps combined with a camping trip. Two popular locations are the KaluGanga and the Kelani Ganga (rivers).

The Kelani Ganga near Kitulgala has fast headwaters and rapids ideal for white-waterrafting (from November to April only), with names such as Virgin’s Breast, HeadChopper, Killer Fall, Rib Cage and Slot and Drop.

Varied landscape, wildlife, and archaeological sites offers excellent opportunitiesfor trekking. Nature trails of exceptional interest include the Sinharaja rainforest,the cloud-forests of Horton Plains, the Knuckles (mountain range), and Hakgala StrictNatural Reserve.

In addition, para-gliding, rock climbing, cave treks and mountain biking arepossible.

Hotels

Sri Lanka has an assortment of accommodation options. Colombo features not only a hostof modern five-star hotels but also iconic colonial-era hotels with the charm andromance of a bygone era.The island is generally blessed with impressive hotels usually situated in stunningsettings. The coastal areas, especially the west and south, have innumerable resorthotels, where package tourists mostly stay. Several are designed by Geoffrey Bawa, oneof the 20th-century’s foremost Asian architects. Bawa’s vision encompasses a stylereferred to as ‘tropical modernism’ in which forms of modernism are beautifullysoftened and enriched by traditional influences and surrounding landscapes. There arealso an increasing number of boutique hotels on the west and south coast, mainlycentred at Galle.Hill country towns such as Kandy, Nuwara Eliya and Bandarawela feature colonial erahotels, and for those who venture farther afield, perhaps to indulge in adventuresports, there are beautifully converted colonial homes, tea and rubber plantationbuildings, jungle cabins, tree-houses and eco-lodges as well as camping under canvas.

Food

The cultivation of many types of rice, spices, vegetables and fruit, coupled with pastforeign influences, ensures that Sri Lanka enjoys a varied and select cuisine. As astaple, rice is consumed with an assortment of colourful curries (eggplant, potato,green banana, chicken, fish) that range in potency from delicately-spiced to near-dynamite.Other Sri Lankan staples include hoppers (a pancake-like snack), string hoppers(steamed rice noodles) and pittu (a mixture of flour and coconut). Lamprais - rice andaccompaniments baked in plantain leaves - is a legacy of the Dutch. Seafood loverswill rejoice at the fresh fish, prawns, crab, squid and crayfish available. Dessertsinclude buffalo curd eaten with palm-honey, and the Malay-derived caramel-likewattalapam.Sri Lanka has a wonderful array of snacks, known as short eats, named cutlets,patties, malu pang (fish bun), and kimbula bunis (crocodile-shaped bun!) that areexcellent for trips.Delectable fruit includes the popular mango, pineapple, banana and papaya, but alsomany lesser-known but distinctive examples such as sapodilla, mangosteen, rambuttan,woodapple, custard apple and beli.

Shopping

Shopping in Sri Lanka can take many forms: haggling with a handicraft-seller whilesunbathing on the beach; choosing fruit from the traditional village store, the kadé,while side-stepping sacks of rice; or checking out the bargain-priced latestinternational fashions (Sri Lanka is a major garment exporter) while enjoying theambience of a luxurious shopping centre in Colombo.And there’s much inbetween. Visit a handicraft shop and familiarize yourself withtraditional designs such as makara (a mythical animal, lion, swan, elephant and lotuswhich are most evident in brasswork (boxes, trays, lanterns, vases) and silverware(ornately carved and filigree jewellery, tea-sets) that make excellent souvenirs. Inaddition, ritual masks, lacquer ware, batik and handloom textiles, lace, and woodcarvings are popular.Last but certainly not least, Sri Lanka has the widest variety of precious stones

among the world’s gem producing countries - blue sapphires, star sapphires, rubies,cat’s eye, garnets, moonstones, aquamarines and topazes being just a dazzling handful.What’s more, Sri Lanka naturally has a tradition in jewellery-making, so you can bringyour gems to life.

Barriers To Sustainable Tourism Developments TourismEssayIntroductionTourism is highly known as one of the world's fastest growing industries and become the major contributor to the country's economic growth in termsforeign exchange earnings and creates job opportunities in both large and small communities. Hence, the increasing economic importance of tourism has captured the attention and interest in most developing countries. However, people have not been thinking about the range of impacts resultedfrom tourism which is broad and could even negatively impact on the destination community. The uncontrolled rapid growth of tourism can poses a significant threat towards the environment and social community in otherwords tourism can result serious environmental and social-cultural problems. Therefore, in a way to controlled and minimize the negative impacts of tourism, sustainable tourism development need to be achieved.

Sustainable tourism today become highly important in the tourism industry and it is important to encourage more people to travel green and to ensurethat the tourism is environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable. Many destinations have also recognized the importance of achieving sustainable tourism development. However, for many developing countries worldwide sustainable tourism has not properly been translated into wide practice and there can be economic, social, and physical barriers that tend to pose great hindrances to sustainable development. Inorder to determine how the tourism industry can move towards sustainability, it is important to examine the barriers that hinder sustainable tourism, and then develop strategies to reduce the barriers. Thus, aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the barriers of implementing sustainability initiatives and achieving sustainable tourism development particularly in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia.

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2.0 Literature Review on Sustainable TourismTourism is a significant global industry with a huge impact towards the environment. Tourism is also the world's largest industry, with total receipts from the international tourism equaling US $682 billion (WTO, 2006). The tourism industry also employs an estimated of 10 percent of theglobal workforce and capital formation. Due to this significance of this industry and that environmental degradation has impacted most tourism destinations; the need to implement more sustainable practices has come toforefront of global issues (Graci, 2004). The need to plan for tourism in a sustainable manner is evident through the developments that have occurred worldwide since the United Nations Conference on Environment Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In the conference, tourism was identified as one of the five main industries in need for achieving sustainable development (Theobald 1998, Budeanu 1999, Pryce 2001). The World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council, and the Earth Council published Agenda 21 for the travel and tourism industry in 1995, which this document aimed to establish systems and procedure to incorporate sustainable development considerations into the decision making process of tourism activities. It also highly emphasized the importance of partnership between tourism industry and government and demonstrated the benefits of making the whole industry sustainable, not only just the niche ecotourism sector (Pryce, 2001).

The idea of sustainable tourism has its roots in the concept of sustainable development, defined by the Brundtland Commission as 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meet their own needs' (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987). Other effective adoption or concept of ecologically sustainable tourism, defined by the World Tourism Organization (2002) is:

"Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present generation tourists and host communities while protecting and enhancing opportunitiesfor the future. It is highly emphasizes the management of all resources insuch as a way that economic, social, and aesthetic needs are fulfilled while maintaining the cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity, and life support systems".

(WTO, 2002)

This clearly means that sustainable tourism activities is aim to ensure that development will maximize enjoyment and create positive experience for tourists and communities, at the same time minimizing the negative impacts upon the destination site; the environment, community and local population. Therefore the sustainable implementation of sustainable development requires the duties of the tourism industry, environmental supporters and community or the three cycles which need to be interrelated. The latter should be based on three main principles of sustainable development (WTO 1993, Mowforth and Munt 1998):

Ecological sustainability which demonstrates that development is compatible with the maintenance of essential ecological processes, biological diversity and resources.

Social and cultural sustainability suggests that development increases people's control over their lives and it is compatible with the culture and values of people affected by it which maintains and strengthens the community identity.

Economic sustainability ensures that development is economically efficientand that resources are being managed properly in order to support the future generations.

Further explanations by World Tourism Organization (2002) the need for achieving several objectives for ensuring sustainable tourism, which are involve the protection and conservation of resource include natural, historical, and cultural for future generations, whilst at the same time ensuring long term economic viability for businesses, and providing socio-cultural benefits to the wider society. Tourism development is also being planned and managed so that it does not negatively impact on the environment and cultural society, the overall environmental quality of tourism is maintained and improved as well.

3.0 Sustainable Tourism in Gili Trawangan, IndonesiaGili Trawangan is known as the largest island located amongst the Gili Islands off the coast of Lombok in Indonesia. The island is also known as a sun, sand and sea destination. It is approximately three by two kilometers and low-lying with a small hill to the south, rising to 72 meters above sea level (Hampton 1998). Gili Trawangan is considered as themost developed of all three Gili islands, which the other two islands GiliAir and Gili Meno are being the newly developed. There are several expatriates lives and work on the island as well and the majority of land on the island is used for tourism and the rest is coconut plantation and some small field of agricultural crops and livestock. Tourism is regarded as the major economic activity on the island with more than 80 percent of families is employed by tourism. However, Gili Trawangan is not highly developed tourism destination in terms of mass tourism, infrastructure, and services, and the island has limited resources of fresh water.

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In terms of sustainable tourism, there have been some initiatives for developing sustainable tourism in Gili Trawangan. However, the initiativeshave been faced with a slow implementation and have not been completely adopted in practice. The main of the initiatives developed by the dive operators on the island is known as the Gili Trawangan Eco-trust. This Gili Eco-trust was being set up in order to protect and conserve the coralreefs around the island against destructive fishing practices. While the main purpose of this organization is to manage the collection of a dive tax which guest are charged about US$3 per diver and US$1 per snorkeler. The dive tax is then used to pay the local fisherman to stop damaging the reefs and the funds are also used for beach cleaning, rubbish management and monitoring (Lombok Network 2009).

4.0 Barriers to sustainable tourism in Gili TrawanganThe Eco-trust is one of the initiatives developed by the dive operators onthe Gili Trawangan Island for developing sustainable tourism. However theyhave encountered various barriers to sustainable tourism development in the area that has led to frustration on the island. Based on the research study which was conducted by Sonya Graci in the article, Accomodating Green: Examining Barriers to Sustainable Tourism Development (2004), number of barriers was documented in this research consisting of five mainbarriers to implementing and achieving sustainable tourism initiatives in the destination. The first barrier is the inadequate resources associated with high cost, lack of information, skills, knowledge, expertise, time and the reluctance to get assistance from outside consultants. The numerous ideas for initiatives such giving payments to fisherman to stop their illegal fishing can be a problem for the Island since they don't have enough resources and many of these plans could fail. Another example such as that the Gili Trawangan Eco-trust also attempted to implement a waste management collection system by building of a landfill with areas toseparate and organize recyclables. Yet, again with lack of resources the landfill development would failed. Besides, a number of business owners and the local government also have indentified that the inadequate of resources was the biggest barrier as it is realized on the island without any proper systems in place, the environment will degrade even further andthis will eventually affect the tourism on Gili Trawangan. Thus, the destination needs the ability to implement those systems with the necessary funds and knowledge to develop feasible systems.

The second barrier being emphasized is the lack of momentum to take actionconcerning to the sustainability initiatives by business owners; restaurants, accommodations, dive operators, and bars. There was a belief by a number of business owners that current practices were lack, yet, there was a lack of momentum to move forward and implement sustainable initiatives. There are several business owners who did not want to take responsibility in managing the implementation of the initiatives especially involving time and money, and they also had complaints about the management of the environment, such only one business owner in conjunction with the local government to manage the eco tax funds to pay the fisherman. Thus, this is a practice that was not look upon favorably as a sustainable solution by many of the business owners and no other solutions were put forward.

The third barrier is related to the corporate culture of the island which comprised of the attitudes, experiences, beliefs, and values of the organization. The isolation of environmental issues from other aspects of the organization or destination, and the bureaucracy that exists within each of organization are barriers that have affected the implementation ofsustainable tourism initiatives in the island. The corporate culture in the Island is one of the employees and local which are resistant to changethough they realized the benefits associated with sustainable tourism initiatives such as reducing health problems in the community which arisesfrom the lack of garbage collection. Generally this is because of the lackof education that the local people discouraged to participate in the sustainable tourism development. Another barrier to sustainable tourism development in the destination is related to government bureaucracy and corruption which usually arises in many developing countries. The provincial and national governments have consistently collected taxes fromthe Island without any investment in infrastructure or development of policy in the area. Moreover, in 1998 the provincial government of WesternNusa Dua developed the Gili Mantra Marine National Park strategy. However the marine park strategies were never implemented, but then it was the Gili Trawangan Eco-trust who implemented initiatives to stop illegal fishing to protect the reefs.

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Lastly, infrastructure or physical attributes such location and age of facilities are another barriers faced in the destination at the same time this closely related to the problem of having lack of resources on the Island to purchase new technologies. Despite if initiatives such as solar power or a sewage treatment plant were installed, it would be difficult tofix or adapt to the technologies due to the isolation of the Island. The Island also may have an issue on having no enough space or room for businesses to install composters to dispose organic waste.

5.0 RecommendationAfter indentifying the various barriers of implementing and achieving sustainable tourism in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, there could be some strategies or solutions to overcome the stated barriers which contribute to the development of sustainable tourism in Island of Gili Trawangan. Thestrategies can include the alternatives of composting, employing financialmechanism such as tourist taxes and developing a multi-stakeholder island committee to manage the development and implementation of sustainable tourism initiatives in the destination. Extensive consultation with the locals and all stakeholders on the Island who involves could be performed as well which this allows to motivate and support the implementation of sustainable initiatives in the area. Whereas, the inadequate of resources on the island particularly for financial resources should likely be obtained from outside or non-local interests since it might be difficult for local people in the destination to play a leading role as entrepreneurs in the tourism industry. Local government should also support for educational programs and tourism training on the island to improve the knowledge and skills of the people and therefore it will encourage them to participate in the development of sustainable tourism.

6.0 ConclusionAchieving sustainable tourism development is highly important to the island of Gili Trawangan in Indonesia, in which it will help in protectingand conserving the local resources while minimizing the negative impacts of tourism and benefiting the island communities. However, despite the efforts from a number of local businesses, various barriers exist and affect the implementation of achieving sustainability initiatives in the tourism industry in the destination. Yet, a cohesive and inclusive strategy still can be developed to move this tourist destination towards sustainability.

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The Tourism Industry In Sri Lanka Tourism EssayThis report contains the results of the investigation which is done to find out 'how the new born peace will affect the tourism industry of Sri Lanka after defeating the LTTE leader Brabhakaran and washing out terrorism from Sri Lanka. The main areas used for the investigation are,

The problems occurred in Sri Lankan tourism industry due to war.

Under this area, this investigation is carried over the major problems which Sri Lankan tourism industry faced because of the war. This is mainlycarried out through secondary data such as news paper articles, other articles from the websites and report published by Sri Lankan tourism development Authority. Some of the facts were gathered through the questionnaire given to the director of the Sri Lankan tourist Board, London.

Affects of new born peace to

Investors

Under this factor the investigation runs towards the new opportunities which investors will have in the future after the war and what will be theincentives and advantages of investing in those areas. This is also mainlydone through the secondary data such as newspaper articles, brochures and reports published by the Sri Lankan tourism development authority, websites.

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Tourists

The research carried over to find out what will happen to the number of tourist arrivals in future after the war. What are the new facilities willoffer by Sri Lankan tourism industry, what will be the attracting destinations developed and how will the government help in developing tourism industry. Mainly this is carried out by primary data which is collected through the questionnaire and others were gathered from the secondary data.

Social life and local people

In this research is on the changes, that will happen on social life and the local people with the new born peace and its affects on tourism. Theseinformation were gathered by using both primary and secondary data.

Areas and regions

Here the investigation is on the tourist areas which will affect the new born peace. The report contains the new developments of tourist areas willbe done in Sri Lanka. The research is done using secondary data such as websites.

PEST analysis SWOT analysis

This research carried a PEST analysis and a Swot Analysis in order to findout how the political, economical, social and technological environments will change or adjust according to the peace affected tourism. Also an analysis for SWOT to find out the strengths & opportunities that will strengthen the growth of the tourism industry and weaknesses & threats which will weaken the growth of the tourism industry. For this both primary and secondary data have been used. Specially the report publishes by Sri Lanka tourism development authority.

Sri Lankan tourism industry will grow in future with the developments and growth in investments, tourists, areas and regions and local people in this peaceful environment. Finally Sri Lanka will create a golden period for the tourism industry in the new born peace.

INTRODUCTIONSri Lanka is a country famous for hospitality, tourism and well being people from the past. Once Marco Polo has told in 1293 A.D., 'this for itsactual size, is better circumstanced than any other island in the world. The island produces more beautiful and valuable rubies than found in any other place in the world. In this island there is a very high mountains where the tomb of Adam, our first parent, is supposed to be found.'

(Ref:http://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/31677-Sri-Lanka-Tourism---Quo-vadis- )

But since from the near past (1980s') Sri Lankan tourism industry dropped step by step, as LTTEs started their terrorism mainly from the North part of Sri Lanka and spread to East and other parts of the country later on.

Fortunately now Sri Lanka is free from terrorism after about 3 decades. Therefore the country is safe to roam from North to South & East to West without any double thoughts. This situation has affected on tourism industry in a positive manner. Now the tourism industry is blooming again slowly within the new born peace and has become a cause to change the Sri Lankan Economy, Political view, social life on tourism and many more. Therefore this report has investigated on ''How the new born peace will affect the tourism industry in Sri Lanka''.

This report contains,

The problems occurred in Sri Lankan tourism industry due to war.

The affects of new born peace to

Investors in tourism industry

Tourists

Areas and Regions

Social life of local people

The opportunities due the new born peace

a). PEST b). SWOT

METHODOLOGYThis research is done by gathering information from both primary data and secondary data.

Primary Data

I have used an interview and a questionnaire as the primary data in finding information for the research.

Secondary data

I have used mainly the latest report (National Strategy for Sri Lanka Tourism) published by Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority and broachers, magazines news paper articles, websites as the secondary data.

THE PROBLEMS OCCURED IN SRI LANKANTOURISM INDUSTRY DUE TO WARSri Lanka experienced a vastly fluctuating tourism during the past decades.

(Ref: http://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/31677-Sri-Lanka-Tourism---Quo-vadis- )

As per the World Tourism Organisation figures, tourist arrivals has increased in Asian countries for the past decade.


But Sri Lanka has dropped tourist arrivals.

(Ref: Central Bank of Sri Lanka)

While all the other foreign exchange earning sectors have increased their earnings, tourism has decreased though it is the fourth largest foreign exchange earning sector.


Bombing in buses and tourist destinations caused a huge draw back in tourist arrivals. Even though Sri Lankan tourist board offers them worth packages they didn't want to visit Sri Lanka because of the safety reason.

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(Ref: http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=47983 )

Bad press releases during the war time, both internally and internationally affected vastly tourists decisions on Sri Lanka. Some were

distributed only to get political gains and some were to draw a bad picture on tourists' mind about Sri Lanka and get advantages.

Higher insurance covers had prompted tourists to see elsewhere. Insurance covers were high because of the high risk level of security within the country.

(Ref: National Strategy for Sri Lankan Tourism- page no: 15)

Good employees of tourism industry have gone to other countries due to poor salaries and lack of opportunities among the industry.

Lack of government support in promoting the industry according to the changes in the market.

AFFECTS OF NEW BORN PEACE

TO INVESTORSDuring the past 3 decades investors for tourism industry were locked within the Southern & Middle part of the country. But now they have the opportunity to invest in all over the country as they wish. Especially in North & East regions which has most famous places to visit such as most beautiful beaches, temples, etc. with the end of war, tourist arrivals mayincrease. Therefore the government and the private sector has to be ready to welcome them with good accommodation facilities, infrastructure, transportation facilities, and many more. For that investors can invest inthe new environment which is more favourable to them. Some of the favourable are,

Cost of doing business has reduced due to the end of war. Freight rates, insurance, and other financial issues which added a huge cost for businesshas now decreased. Therefore investors can get more profits over their investments.

(Ref: http://sundaytimes.lk/090628/FinancialTimes/ft335.html )

Political stability is growing especially in areas of North & East. This leads to stability in policies and rules. Therefore investors can invest in long-term projects.

(Ref: http://sundaytimes.lk/090628/FinancialTimes/FT335.html )

The government of Sri Lanka has started providing infrastructure such as roads, power, and ports. This also again reduce investors costs in investing.

(Ref: http://sundaytimes.lk/090628/FinancialTimes/ft335.html)

Stock market has climbed over 96% in 2009 which is the winning year of thewar. It'll be more profitable in investing stock market in future.

(Ref: http://www.srilankaequity.com/2009/12/sri-lanka-back-on-investment-radar.html )

Interest Rates and Inflation rate are coming down.

The Sri Lankan government has reduced their lending rates and has asked the private sector to reduce their lending rates. This is a very usefull and profitable information who wishes to borrow fund in Sri Lanka.


The end of war has cleared new paths for new investment opportunities across real estate, healthcare, plantation, and infrastructure. Especiallyin North and East regions for about 3 decades there were no opportunities for any industry to do their work freely. What was there is only war. Therefore there are opportunities for hospitals and other healthcare facilities, plantation as this region has the most rich lands and infrastructure as all the infrastructures have been destroyed during war season. These are indirectly interconnected to tourism industry. Because tourism industry is a industry which depends on other industries other than the destinations.


Cheap labour

Investors can have cheap labour in to their businesses ass the unemployment is more in North and East.

New tourist destinations.

There are new and marvellous locations and places in North and East which were not allowed to visit for about three decades. These places will be more tourist attracting destinations in future.

And also the ruined buildings and places due to war will be attracting sceneries for both local and foreign tourists.

As the Northern and Eastern areas were banned for visitors during the war period, both local people and foreign people are willing to visit these places. Therefore the arrivals of visitors for the North and East will be more and this will lead investors to earn more from those areas by

investing in accommodation facilities, infrastructure, transportation, sports activities and leisure activities.

Sri Lankan government is looking for Middle eastern investors to develop the resorts as a preparation for the boost in tourism industry.

(Ref: http://www.arabianbusiness.com/554986-sri-lanka-tourism-eyes-mideast-investors )

MSME will have more opportunities to develop their business with growth intourism.

There will be more ports other than Colombo to use. They are the Trincomalee port and The Hambantota port. Earlier these ports were used only for military activities but now they are open for common activities.

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FOR TOURISTSNew born peace has given a new life for both domestic and international tourists. Specially Northern and Eastern areas are the most attracting areas of tourists these days because of the unseen destinations such as temples, beaches, ruins, etc. Also the current favourable security level has given tourists a boom. Here are some more tips for the change in tourists' behaviour.

New unseen locations.

Tourists, both local and foreign can experience world famous and beautifullocations which are not polluted or crowded. Especially the Eastern sea and Nilavelli beach are the most attracting areas in the Eastern region. Other attracting things are whale spotting, fishing, water sports, sea rafting. Also the locations with historical value and religious value, especially in Northern area, such as Nagadeepa, Jaffna library, ruins of war, etc.

Not only in North & East, tourists can visit other places such as Anuradapura, Polonnaruwa, Mohinthale, Sigiriya, Sinharaja rain forest, National Parks, hill-country which is famous as little England, etc.

Safety

Now Sri Lanka is free from bombs, suicide bombers, and terrorism. Therefore people can visit anywhere in the country without fearing about safety from LTTE activities. This was the main reason which reduced more and more tourist arrivals. But now it is fully solved. So tourists have the opportunity to explore Sri Lanka without fear.

Proper Facilities

The Sri Lankan government and the private sector is building infrastructure fast to provide proper facilities for tourists such as roads, power and ports.


Also proper places for accommodation and other facilities are building up so that the tourists may feel that they are at home.

More leisure and sports activities

Sri Lankan sea is famous for sports activities. And now tourists have moreopportunities in Eastern Sea. Because Eastern sea is known as a sea which is very calm and good for sports activities such as rafting, whale spotting. Also Sri Lanka has a unchanging whether throughout the year. Therefore tourists can come and enjoy whenever they have leisure time.

Stable political environment

As now Sri Lanka is bit stable in their political status due to the end ofwar. Therefore policies and rules in tourism especially rules in arriving will be stable. So that it'll be very easy for tourists while visiting SriLanka especially on Visas.

And there will be less political violence among the country which will create a peaceful environment for tourists.

New resorts for both local and foreign tourists especially in Nothern and Eastern areas. Also in other areas as the investors are interested in investing tourism sector.

Example: Kuchchaveli resort

Passikudah resort

Sri Lanka is not famous only for leisure tourists but also for pilgrims. Therefore Pilgrim rests are building in order to provide proper facilitiesespecially for domestic tourists.

(Ref: National Strategy For Sri Lankan Tourism- page no 61)

More facilities for business tourists.

Sri Lanka was famous for MICE activities in the past. But it dropped due to the poor security. Now again MICE activities are booming in Sri Lanka with the new born peace. Therefore the government is looking to provide better facilities for businessmen who come to Sri Lanka for MICE activities.

Tourists will be able to arrive Sri Lanka not only by air but also by cruise ships as now Sri Lanka has 2 more ports. Trincomalee port and Hambantota port are the two new ports which has started work after war.

TO AREAS AND REGIONSAfter the war especially the Northern and Eastern regions have started to develop fast. Also the other areas of the country are developing faster asthe governments' military cost has reduced. This helps in developing tourism industry. For examples,

The local areas are developing as the government has already started developing infrastructure in North and East regions.


Kuchchaveli Resort

This is a area about 500 acres in Trincomalee district which is inbetween the North Nilaweli beach and Kuchchaveli village. This resort contains hotels, other facilities regarding accommodation, land and water based sports and a theme park. This will help in attracting more tourists in future.

(Ref: http://www.sltda.lk/eastern_region_development )

Passikudah project

SLTDA has planned to restart the Passikudah resort project which was planned to start in 1983 and stopped due to war. This resort is located bythe Passikudah bay and contains 500 rooms in about 150 acres. This projectwill also generate high tourist arrivals.

(Ref: http://www.sltda.lk/passikudah_project )

Trincomalee and Hambantota ports will be busy with commercial ships and cruise ships with visitors and goods.

TO SOCIAL LIFE AND LOCAL PEOPLEPeace has changed the social lives of people especially in the parts wherefighting were there. Those people did not know anything about outside apart from those areas which they live. But now the situation is changed. People are free to open up to the world. Many have started to work with the tourism industry because of the huge number of tourists arrivals. People from other parts of the country are also free to live their lives without the fear of terrorism. They are more common in North and East as domestic tourists. because they were not allowed to visit those places forabout 3 decades and the people from North and East are free to visit otherSouth part of Sri Lanka after 3 decades. Here are some of the affect of the end of war to the social life and local people from the view point of tourism.

Political stability is growing. so that people are able to stay wherever they want to stay and they are free to visit wherever they want. Also the rules and policies of regarding business will remain same. Therefore localpeople can start small scale businesses such as small hotels, guest houses, rent three-wheelers, batik, etc. especially in tourist areas.


Government has started to work with infrastructure especially in North andEast areas. Therefore its be easy and fast to develop tourist oriented businesses as well as other businesses in those areas.


Interest rates and inflation is decreasing. So that people may borrow money and invest in their businesses and build their damaged properties. And this will create a beautiful eye-catching areas for tourists. also theprices of goods will decrease due to lower inflation and it will create wealth among people.


There will be more employment opportunities with the incensement in tourist arrivals and other tourism activities in all over the country.

People will have more money with them so that they will be motivated to visit places and go for day outs, picnics and trips.

More fishing opportunities in North and East.

Tourism police will have to be expanded to stop drug trafficking, prostitution and abuse of children with the full support of the courts, local people and politicians as the tourism industry grows.

Guides, lecturers, drivers, three-wheeler entrepreneurs, will get more opportunities especially in North & East as well as the other parts of SriLanka due to growth in tourist arrivals.

Also owners of small guesthouses with one or two rooms, small hotels, restaurants, bar, tea boutiques will have a increase in their income.

Arts & crafts, spice gardens, batik, woodwork centres, wellness centre also will increase their sales.

PEST ANALYSIS

POLITICAL FACTORSPolitical environment has changed after the war in order to develop tourism industry.

The government supports by conducting investment symposium such as 'BizPact invest in Sri Lanka' which was held in June 2009 to attract new investments.


Political stability is growing specially in North and East regions after the war.


Government is aiming to welcome 700,000 to 750,000 visitors by 2011 through 'visit Sri Lanka' programme.


Government is looking for Middle Eastern investors to develop the resorts after the war.

(Ref: http://www.arabianbusiness.com/554986-sri-lanka-tourism-eyes-mideast-investors )

Reorganised the tourist board and ministry in order to deliver a good service.


Develop a 4 year strategic plan for tourism for the period of 2009-2012.


The Ministry, in partnership with the provincial council are creating a series of recommended one day tours especially for domestic tourists


ECONOMICAL FACTORSSri Lankan economy has changed vastly with the new opportunities occurred with the new peace after the war. Following are the factors which will affect Sri Lankan tourism as a result of ending war.

Doing business in Sri Lanka is more economical because the cost has reduced due to reductions in fright rates, insurance and other financial issues.


Stock market has increased over 96% in 2009 after war.


Inflation and interest rates are coming down.


The North & East will contribute heavily to GDP growth in the country.

(Ref: http://srilankatoday.com/content/view/2586/52/ )

People will have more money with them.

Commercial ships can come to new ports such as Trincomalee and Hambantota other than Colombo. Trincomalee port is in the East and Hambantota is in South. Therefore the country is available with 3 main ports around the country.

MICE trade will grow with the peaceful environment. Earlier MICE industry experienced cancellations & a sharp fall in arrivals due to the security issues such as suicide bombing.


SOCIAL FACTORSThe new born peace has changed the lifestyles, consumer trends, ethics andreligious factors and many more with the affects of tourism industry.

Addition of North and East provinces to the tourism industry will boost employment opportunities as well as the developments in other part of the country will also introduce more employment opportunities.

All the development activities are done by taking care of the community, environment, culture and heritage especially in tourism and hospitality industry.

Northern & Eastern people get fishing opportunities and also people from other areas can come to these areas for fishing.

Tourism police has to be expanded to stop drug tracking, prostitution and child abusing with the development of the tourism industry.

People who own small guesthouses, small hotels, restaurants, bar, tea boutiques will be able to earn more. Also people who do arts and crafts, spice gardens, batik shops, woodwork will be able to earn more with the increased number of tourists.

Guides, lecturers, drivers, three-wheeler entrepreneurs will have a higherdemand.

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORSEspecially the Northern and Eastern areas have started to develop technologically after the war. This has made a great issue for the development in tourism industry because many foreign tourists are from developed countries such as UK, Spain, Germany, Australia, etc. and they will be more satisfied if they have the modern technology to use while they are visiting the beauty of Sri Lanka.

Mobile telecommunication industry will also boom due to the addition of North and East to the tourism industry.

Travel sources such as coaches, trains, cars, taxies have to be developed to provide quality services.

Working towards improving websites and online marketing


Developing internal flights from Colombo to Jaffna with new facilities.

Vavuniya-jaffna rail track has started constructions. This will be a greatsource to increase the number of local visitors from South to North.

(Ref: http://srilankatoday.com/content/view/4416/52 )

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHSCost of doing business in Sri Lanka has reduced due to decreases in freight rates, insurance and other financial issues.


Political stability is growing especially in North and East regions. Therefore it will be more advantages doing business in Sri Lanka.


Stock market has rosed over 96% in 2009 just after the war. And it will keep climbing because of the new opportunities for business. Such as tourism and hospitality industry.


The entire North and east provinces will join in to the tourism industry with their values, destinations, and beauty.

Addition of Trincomalee port to Sri Lankan shipping network will boost huge business visitors and employment opportunities.

Worlds' finest beaches for surfing, whale spotting, water sports, coastal fishing and coral reefs are now with the Sri Lanka. Earlier half of these beaches were not in a position to offer tourists. but now Sri Lanka has a treasure which many countries does not have.


4 year strategic plan for tourism from 2009-20012 which has developed 10 strategies and 8 objectives to provide a better service for tourists and tourism industry.

Strategic Targets:To build a more diverse product range.

To make Sri Lanka more accessible.

To attract 1.5 million tourist arrivals per annum.

To increase yield per tourist from US$ 80 to US$ 130 per day.

To create an additional 7,000 rooms by 2016 with the right conditions.

To further develop the East and North-West with the development of existing sites and cities. (resorts and new resorts)

To help traditional markets grow and open up new markets.

To exceed world-class service levels and hospitality.

To increase domestic tourism.

To help MSME sector grow.

Objectives:Short-term programme

Take immediate action to increase visitors, manage cost and improve services.

Marketing and Communications

Help the world to discover Sri Lanka through rebranding, communication andmarketing.

Services and Hospitality

Improve the quality and scope of visitors experiences.

Training & Development

Keep changing the Sri Lankan tourism according to world tourism through professional training.

MICE

Make Sri Lanka a preferred venue for MICE.

Domestic Tourism

Improve and expand domestic tourism.

Grow the MSME sector.

10 year plan

A plan which will place Sri Lanka as a highly desired experiential qualitydestination.

For the buddhist pilgrims both domestic and international, specially thereare Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa to worship which were not a safe area at thepast due to war. Also Nagadeepa which is famous as a place where Lord Buddha was teaching.

For Christian pilgrims there is the Madhu church which is very famous for miracles.

Sri Lanka has 14 national parks with fauna and flora which are now available to offer for tourists.

Able to offer one of the worlds finest fishing grounds, in the coast of the Jaffna peninsula. This creates more domestic visitors and more employment opportunities.

Business travellers can get the perfect work environment with post meetingrelaxation including yoga, massage and other treatments. Most of the hotels have these facilities in their separated areas or rooms as a adjustment for the tourist expectations and a way of attract tourists to their hotels again and again.

Sri Lanka has More products to offer than the past. Such as more sports activities, leisure activities, expanded destinations, etc.

Cruise ships are also welcome to the Sri Lankans new port Trincomalee and Hambantota port. So that tourists who wish travel by sea can visit Sri Lanka while getting experience of sea travelling (sailing)


Sri Lanka aims to promote old festivals with a new look such as Ramayana trail.


WEAKNESSESLack of Tamil speaking officers to work in Northern & Eastern provinces.

Lack of Inspection on child sex and prostitution.

Still there are undiscovered destinations in the country. Which will attract more tourists to the country.

Lack of integration between agencies. Anyone who wishes to invest in tourism in Sri Lanka has to obtain permission from a number of agencies including numerous ministries, local authorities & Government agents.

(Ref: National Strategy for Sri Lanka Tourism- page no: 15)

Lack of Infrastructure

When a traveller has undertaken an exhausting 12 hour flight, they need a future 5-6 hour. Drive along poor quality roads to reach their hotel or destination. And when they reach they may get poor quality rooms.

Older Cars, Taxis, mini buses and coaches minimise the standards.

OPPORTUNITIESThere are new investment opportunities in real estate, healthcare, plantations & infrastructure sector as core-sectors in tourism industry.

(Ref: http://www.srilankaequity.com/2009/12/sri-lanka-back-on-invesment-radar.html )

Kuchchaveli Resort will be a grate place to spend leisure time for both local &foreign tourists which contains hotels, land & water based sports and a theme park.

(Ref: http://www.sltda.lk/eastern_region_development )

Passikudah resort is Another new resort which is located by the Passikudahbay it contains 500 rooms in about 150 acres.

(Ref: http://www.sltda.lk/passikudah_project )

'Small Miracle' , is the Sri Lankan new tourism brand. This has been tested in all the key markets and has shown good results.


Sri Lankan government is looking for Middle Eastern to develop the resortsas a preparation for boost in tourism after the war.

(Ref:http://www.arabianbusiness.com/554986-sri-lanka-tourism-eyes-mideast-investors )

Opportunities to expand the industry to new markets and to develop the nature, culture and adventure products through new 'Beaches & Beyond' strategy.

(Ref: National Strategy for Sri Lanka Tourism)

Cruise ships and commercial ships can come in greater numbers to new Trincomalee port beyond Colombo and Hambantota.

(Ref: National Strategy for Sri Lanka Tourism-page no:21)

As the war ended Sri Lanka has headed towards new markets like Israel, Japan, Middle-East and Russia other than their usual markets (Germany, France, India & UK)


There will be more opportunities for MICE trade with the peaceful environment.


Venues for small corporate meetings can be made in areas such as Trincomalee, Hambantota and Passikudah as new destinations.

THREATSBad press releases about the Sri Lankan tourism, governmental instability,poor safety, higher charges, poor transportation, infrastructure and seasonal diseases.

Terrorism is only one problem in tourism industry. There are many other things to be solved, such as retaining good employees, infrastructure and political stability, etc.

Make sure that Tamil people will not join again for a armed struggle.

Need more Tamil speaking officers to work in North and East regions. Because many are Tamil speaking people living there.

Government corruption may cause to fail expected results of plans.

More opportunities for child abuses and prostitution.

The travel advisories issued by governments in the market and over-cautious travel advisory can act as a severe brake on tourism.


The higher insurance cover leads tourists to look elsewhere.


Competitors

Competitors prices, proper marketing policies, developed facilities, new adventurous destinations are the major threats to the Sri Lankan tourism from the competitors.

World terrorism activities such as Al-Qaeda, suicide bombers.

Natural disasters such as tsunami, flood.

Harassments by vendors, pestering by beach boys and fraudulent exploitation of visitors impact upon the reputation of Sri Lankan citizens.


Many good employees such as chefs and managers as well as drivers and hotel staff have been attracted by other countries such as Middle-East andAustralia due to high salaries paid compared to Sri Lanka.


CONCLUTIONFor about 3 decades Sri Lanka lost very important area for their tourism industry due to war. But now they have the opportunity to use those areas to boost their tourism industry. Though it is been a very short period which the war has ended Sri Lanka has already started their mission on develop those areas and add them to the tourism industry.

The main advantage in these areas are, both domestic and foreign tourists are interested to visit. Therefore there is a vast range of chances to getmore profits. Also both local and foreign investors are interested in investing in those areas because they have recognise the opportunities. And the local people in these areas are willing to earn some money by selling their home-made products to tourists.

There are more opportunities and strengths in tourism after war as well asmore weaknesses and threats. People has to use political, economical, social and technological environments wisely for the betterment of the tourism industry.

There is a huge opportunity to grow Sri Lankan tourism industry in the near future with the favourable affects of investor, tourists, local people, developed areas and destinations in the new born peace. Finally, if the Sri Lankans are ready for the boost in tourism industry as the war is over, then they will be in the path to make cash.

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Accommodation as Basic Component of Tourism – Essayby Kunal Vasan

Accommodation is the basic component of tourism. The concept of travel accommodation has transformed itself as Hospitality Industry on account of its utility in tourism and life away from home.

Tourism is to a great extent dependent on the range and type of accommodation available at the destination. Accommodation is a core area of the tourist industry and plays a distinctive role inthe development of this ever-expanding industry.

The United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourismheld in Rome in 1963 considered, in particular, issues relating to means of accommodation.

The conference acknowledged the importance of means of accommodation, both traditional (hotels, motels) and supplementary (camp, youth hostels, etc.), as incentives to international tourism.

The conference recommended that governments should consider the possibility of including tourism projects, and particularly thoserelating to accommodation, in the list of projects eligible for loans from their industrial or other corporations, and that, where required; they should establish special financial corporation’s for tourism.

It also recommended that governments should give sympathetic consideration to the possibility of granting special facilities and incentives for accommodation projects.

Many countries have recognised the importance of accommodation industry in relation to tourism and their governments have coordinated their activities with the industry by providing big incentives and concessions to hoteliers, which have resulted in the building up of a large number of hotels and other type of accommodations.

For example, availability of hotel sites on liberal repayment terms, special concessions in the form of long-term loans, liberal import licenses and taxation reliefs, contributions to the equity capital, cash grants for construction and renovation of building, and similar other concessions are provided to the industry

Hospitality and its importance to the tourism industry

In recent years, the term hospitality has become increasingly popular and may be interpreted in a number of ways whether it is commercial, industrial or public services. King, in his book, states that hospitality may have four attributes which are that must have a relationship between individuals who take the roles of hostor guest, this relationship may be commercial or private (social), the keys to successful hospitality in both the commercial and privatesectors include knowledge of what would evoke pleasure in the guest and hospitality as a process that includes arrival, providing comfort and fulfillment of guest’s wishes, and departure. Tourism industries are not the same as the other industries. It is because we provide the services to the customer whilesome of the other industries provide the tangible product. Thus, hospitality and tourism can not be separated as hospitality isthe key to success in the tourism industry. The following paragraph will discuss about the importance of hospitality in relation to the tourism industry.Firstly, there are several components in the tourism industry, for example, food and beverages, lodging, place of attractions, and transportation. All thesecomponents are related to the hospitality. Also each of the components has a connection to each other. So, in order to make sure that the customer will feel satisfied using the tourism services we have to ensure that the customer feels satisfied using each of the components. We need to apply hospitality to the food and beverages, so that customers will feel well treated during their lunchs, dinners or other meals. We also need to apply hospitality totransportation providers so that customers or passengers will feel comfortable during their journey. Other tourism components also require hospitality. Thus, is demonstrated how hospitality is very important to the tourism industry.

Secondly, what we provide in the tourism industry is the intangible product. Customerswill never feel or experience the product offered unless they have bought it. So, whenthey buy the services offered we must provide them with the best service possible so they will feel comfortable using our services. All the services provided such as, guest greeting, and providing a clean and tidy room, showing the facilities provided, and others are all forms types of hospitality. For example when the guests check into the hotel, we can not simply just give them the room key and let theguest look for their room without any assistance. This is not called as hospitality. Hospitality is more than that; we have to be friendly, courteous, helpful, and so forth.Finally, the importance of hospitality is to encourage the guest to return again and become repeat customers. In the tourism industry, people are not just looking at the facilities or the price offered, but also looking at the services provided. If they felt satisfied with their previous experience using the service they might come again and even promote the services to others. This situation will

generate more revenue for the company. Allowing thecompany to work less to promote their services. They just have to concern themselves with the services provided to customer and fulfilling the customers’ expectations. This is more valuable rather than we just providing the best facilities but with the worst service.Tourism related companiesmust emphasize on hospitality in order to succeed.In short, tourism is not just providing facilities to customers; services or hospitality is the main key that will determine the successof the tourism company. As a service provider we should provide the best services ever and must exceed the customers’ expectations. Only the excellent services provided will satisfy customers satisfied using any tourism service.

10 Good Reasons To Visit Sri Lanka

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