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Halal: Food and NonfoodBY

DR. SAKHAWAT ALIAnd

DR. IJAZ AHMAD

Two Days Training Workshop on Halal Food Management

Pearl Continental Hotel, Lahore, Pakistan. 04-05 June, 2012.

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There are four important terms used in food permitted or prohibited in Islam:1. Halal•Halal in an Arabic Term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use according to Islamic Law. Halal means permissible and lawful for Muslims according to Islamic Law (Sharia)•Halal Food is not just permitted for Muslims it is perceived as wholesome, pure and good for human consumption. •Halal food is gaining world wide recognition as healthy and hygienic food. 2. Haram means prohibited and unlawful. 3. Makrooh means disliked, hated or detested. It is used in reference to actions and deeds that are referred to negatively in the sunnah or the Quran. E.g. growing long finger nails. 4. Mushbooh is doubtful and questionable (Shubah/ suspected) - the main domain for halal certification.

MUSLIM DIETARY LAW

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Halal is a Quranic term which means allowed or lawful. Halal foods and drinks are permitted for consumption by Allah-the Supreme Law Giver. Eating Halal is obligatory on every Muslim. Following are the different Halal food items:

• All plant and their products• Halal slaughtered meat, poultry, game birds and

Halal animal’s ingredients.• All water creatures, fish, crustaceans and

mollusks• Eggs from acceptable birds only• Non Animal Rennet (NAR, culture) or rennet from

Halal slaughtered calves• Gelatin produced from Halal Bovine & Ovine bones

or skins

HALAL FOODS IN ISLAM

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Al Quran Surah Al-Baqarah

“O ye people! Eat of what is on earth, Halal and good; and do not follow the footsteps of the Evil One, for he

is to you an avowed enemy.”

(Verse 168)

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Haram is a Quranic term which means prohibited or unlawful. Haram foods and drinks are absolutely prohibited by Allah. Eating Haram is forbidden for every Muslim. Following are the different Haram food items:• Pork/swine and its by-products• Animals improperly slaughtered or dead (carrion) before slaughtering.• Animals killed in the name of anyone other than Allah (GOD).• Lawful animals not slaughtered according to Islamic rites. (Fish Exempted from slaughtering)• Carnivorous animals and animals with fangs (tigers, lions, cats etc.)• Birds with talons by which they catch their prey (owls, eagles etc.)• Land animals without external ears• Animals which Islam encourages to kill (scorpions, centipedes, rats etc.)• Animals which Islam forbids to kill (bees etc.)

NOT-HALAL / HARAM FOOD IN ISLAM

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• Animals which have toxins, poison or produce ill effects when eaten such as some fish etc.

• Amphibian animals (crocodiles, turtles, frogs etc.). Almost all reptiles and insects, considered ugly or

filthy (worms, lice, flies etc.)• Blood and blood by-products, feces, urine and placental

tissue.• Wine, ethyl alcohol, spirits and intoxicants such as

poisonous and Intoxicating plants• Foods contaminated with any of the above products.• Foods not free from contamination while prepared or

processed with anything considered Najiis (filthy).• Foods processed, made, produced, manufactured and/or

stored using utensils, equipment and/or machinery that have been not cleansed according to Islamic Shariah Law.

NOT-HALAL / HARAM FOOD IN ISLAM

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Al-Quran Surah Al-Maidah

"Haram to you (for food) is carrion; blood; the flesh of swine; that which any name other than Allah has

been invoked; that which has been killed by strangling; and beat to death, or dead through

falling from a height; and killed by the goring of horns; and that which was eaten by wild beasts,

unless you are able to perform dhabiha; and that which is sacrificed to idols

(verse 5:3)

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Consuming Halal is an order of Allah and an essential part of the Islamic faith. Allah has repeatedly emphasized the consumption of Halal in His book. The following are some examples of such verses:

i. “O Messengers, eat from the pure foods and work righteousness” (Holy Quran 23:51)

ii.“O you who have believed, eat from the pure things which we have provided you” (Holy Quran 2:172)

iii.“O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth (that is) lawful and pure” (Holy Quran 2:168)

iv.“So eat of that (meat) upon which Allah's name has been mentioned, if you are believers in His verses” (Holy Quran 6:118)

v. “And do not eat that upon which the name of Allah has not been mentioned, for indeed it is a grave disobedience”. (Holy Quran 6:121)

WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT FOR A MUSLIM TO STRICTLY CONSUME HALAL?

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PERSPECTIVE OF HALAL FOOD IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan is a Muslim Country and the peoples of country are following Islamic rules.

Global World’s concepts are creating problems in export and import of food.

Peoples are using food items prepared as ordered in Quran, Sunah and Hadide. But there is question about the certification of meat sold in market. Halal or Non Halal?

Government has assigned duties of officers to check the quality of materials.

There are Halal food Rules and also Halal Board established by Chamber of Commerce.

There is need to conduct research that which raw material should be used for animal, poultry and fish rearing.

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PERSPECTIVE OF NON FOOD HALAL ITEMS IN PAKISTAN

• People of Pakistan are also using non food items like toothpaste, lipsticks, leather garments and pharmaceuticals like insulin from animals.

• There is no permission to use Non Halal Itmes in the country.

• There is need to conduct test to verify that the items are prepared from Halal raw materials for non-food use also. Certifying bodies should use latest equipments and techniques.

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• Islamic way of slaughtering is the most humane, compassionate and sympathetic method of slaughter (no pain, deep sleep recorded due to the large quantity of blood gushing out from the body), and that the captive bolt stunning practiced by the Western methods causes severe pain to the animal.

• The Prophet (S) has said: Allah (SWT) calls for mercy in everything. So be merciful when you slaughter; sharpen your blade to relieve its pain.

• According to Kamoonpuri (1998), the prescribed method of slaughtering an animal in Islam saves the animal from any kind of pain. When the animal’s major blood vessel in the neck is cut-off that produces an immediate stunning effect. The advantage of not cutting the spinal cord is that the brain continues to send it electrical impulses to the heart demanding blood. As all the blood is drained, the pipeline, which takes blood to the brain, has already been cut off. The violent reactions in the animal are from the natural muscular contraction and no pain is experienced.

IMPORTANCE OF ISLAMIC METHOD FOR SLAUGHTERING ANIMALS

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• Kamoonpuri (1998) also mentions two researchers, Gucel and Erbil who subscribe to the fact that blood can cause

toxicity in the animal's meat, all has to be drained, and the Islamic way of slaughtering takes care of that.

• Professor Schultz and Dr. Hazim of the Hanover University in Germany concluded through an experiment that Islamic way of slaughtering is the most humane, compassionate and sympathetic method of slaughter (no

pain, deep sleep recorded due to the large quantity of blood gushing out from the body), and that the captive bolt stunning practiced by the Western methods causes

severe pain to the animal.

IMPORTANCE OF ISLAMIC METHOD FOR SLAUGHTERING ANIMALS

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• A meat animal slaughtered by Muslims is electrically balanced and stable (A Note on Battery-Farmed Meats and

Leather Belts)

• Dr. Hazim remarks further that the Electro-Encephalographic (EEG) recordings of the animals (after

being slaughtered) dropped to a zero level, and the heart was still pounding, the body convulsing vigorously

(a reflex action), and driving maximum blood out from the body. This procedure greatly results in hygienic and electrically balanced (with steady energy fields) meat

for the consumer.

IMPORTANCE OF ISLAMIC METHOD FOR SLAUGHTERING ANIMALS

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Potentials of Halal Food in the World

Halal Food Business in the

Halal Food/Items Non Halal Food/Items

Meat, Milk, Butter, Halal Gelatine,

Pig by Product 185 products, Skin Cream, Face mask, Body Lotion, bones, Blood, Soaps, Washing Powder, Cattle Feed, Intestinal organs, pharmaceutical, blood in chicken feed, cigarette filter, pig hair, tooth picks, Tooth brush, Sawing brush, Glue used as binder, used in meat products

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Potentials of Halal Food in the World

Biggest Consumers of Halal Food/Items in the World:

Middle East (Muslim countries) USA, France, Africa and Japan, etc. (Non Muslim

countries)Biggest Companies of Food in the World are using

Halal Food: Nestle Collegate Subway KFC McDonald’s

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HALAL FOOD TRADE ESTIMATES

The global trade in Halal food is now worth $580 billion annually and could potentially hit one trillion dollars.

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REGION 2005- HALAL FOOD MARKETREGION Millions USD

Africa 115,443West Asia 111,150South Central Asia 175,440South East Asia 93,230China 5,865Europe (inc Russia) 63,988N. America 14,455S. America820 820Oceania 525

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MARKET STRENGTH1.4 Billion Muslims in the World.

South Asia 450 millionSouth East Asia 250 millionMiddle East 220 millionAsia (other) 200 millionAfrica 250 millionEurope 18 millionNorth America 8 million

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PCSIR has actively participated in the following events:

1. Pakistan Halal Products Development Board (PHPDB). By laws, policies, procedures, rules and regulations, structure 2009.

2. Pakistan Halal Regulatory and Development Authority Act 2011 for supporting and promotion of Halal products.

ROLE OF PCSIR IN HALAL FOOD INDUSTRY

PARTICIPATION OF PCSIR

PCSIR - LLCPCSIR LABORATORIES COMPLEX

LAHORE

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MAIN ACTIVITIES AT PCSIR LABS LAHORE

Technology Development

QC/QA Services (Public & Private

Sectors)

Human Resource Development

Industrial Linkages & WTO

Obligations

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• ISO 9001-2008 by TÜV Nord (Since 2002)• ISO 17025 Accreditation by PNAC (Since 2005)• ISO 17025 Accreditation by Norwegian Accreditation (Since 2007)• Saudi Arabian Standard Organization (Approved Lab.)• Ministry of Health & Welfare Japan (Approved Lab.)

INTERNATIONAL/NATIONAL RECOGNITIONS

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PCSIR LABORATORIES COMPLEX, LAHORE

CENTRES

Centre for Development of Laboratory EquipmentPakistan Institute of Technology for Minerals &

Advanced Engineering Materials (PITMAEM)Mineral Processing Research CentreApplied Chemistry Research CenterFood & Biotechnology Research CenterCenter for Environmental Protection Studies Cont…

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CENTRESGlass and Ceramics Research CenterApplied Physics, Computer & Instrumentation

CentreEngineering Services CenterElectrical Measurement & Test LaboratoryPrecision Systems Training Centre - LahoreCast Metals & Foundry Technology (CM&FT) Centre -

Daska

PCSIR LABORATORIES COMPLEX, LAHORE

PCSIR - LLCFOOD & BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE

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SECTIONS OF FBRC

Nutrition and Food Technology Dairy TechnologyFood Additives and ContaminantsMeat TechnologyIndustrial BiotechnologyMolecular Biotechnology Plant BiotechnologyBioresource Utilization

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HALAL FOOD TESTING SERVICESThe following services are available at PCSIR.

Halal Haram Food.Oil/ Meat etc.

R & D regarding Halal Products (food & Non Food).Halal GelatinHalal toothpasteHalal DCPHalal Cosmetics

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RECOMMENDATIONSTo get share of Halal food export in the world. Presently non-muslims are doing this business.

To promote the Halal culture in food and non food items.

Awareness regarding Halal Food imports in the country.

Promotion of R & D activities regarding Halal Food and Non-food.

Awareness of E-numbers. Eg. E-920 is L-cysteine Hydrochloride (A natural amino acid).