( Form I & Draft EIA Report) - Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board

Application Form

( Form I & Draft EIA Report)

For

Rough stone Quarry – 1.29.5 Ha

at S.No. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4,

Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk,

Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu

Sector No. 1(a) (Sector No. 1 as per NABET)

Category of the Project: B1 Cluster Mining

Baseline Period: June, July and August 2021

Ap

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Fo

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tal

Cle

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nce

(P

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lic

Hea

rin

g) Dec 2021

Environmental Consultant

& Laboratory details:

Ecotech Labs Pvt Ltd,

No 48, 2nd Main road,

South extension Ram nagar,

Pallikaranai, Chennai -

600100.

Proponent details:

Thiru. S.K.Subba Reddiar

S/o S.Kasthuri Reddiar,

No.99, Keelakkarandhai

Kamatchi,

Chettiar Street, South

Street,

Aruppukottai Town

Aruppukottai Taluk.

Virudhunagar - 623 101

.ETL/EAQM/11/Dec/1(a)/Subbareddiar

From, Date :01.12.2021


S/o S.Kasthuri Reddiar,

No.99, Keelakkarandhai Kamatchi,

Chettiar Street, South Street,

Aruppukottai Town

Aruppukottai Taluk.

Virudhunagar - 623 101.

To,

The District Environmental Engineer

Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board,

No.23, Master Plan Area,

Sathur Road, Collectorate,


Sir,

Sub: Request to conduct Public Hearing – Environmental Clearance for the Proposed

Rough stone and Gravel Quarry over an extent of 1.29.5 Ha at S. F. No. 46/1, 46/2,

46/3, and 46/4, Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil

Nadu – Regarding.

Ref: Letter No. SEIAA-TN /F.No.8347/SEAC/TOR-1032/2021 Dated 26.08.2021

Please find enclosed herewith the application of Draft EIA Report along with necessary

enclosures towards seeking environmental clearance for Proposed Rough stone and

Gravel Quarry over an extent of 1.29.5 Ha at S. F. No. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4

Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu.

In this regard, we had obtained the Terms of Reference from State Environmental Impact

Assessment Authority (SEIAA) Tamil Nadu, vide reference mentioned above for

conducting EIA studies. We wish to inform that the draft EIA report complying with all

the conditions mentioned in the ToR has been prepared and the copies of the same are

enclosed with this letter. With reference to the above, we kindly request the TNPCB to

make the necessary arrangements for conducting the public hearing for the Proposed

Rough stone and Gravel Quarry.

With the above, we request the TNPCB to accept and process our application for

conducting the Public Hearing at the earliest.

Thanking you

Yours Sincerely

Authorized Signatory

Enclosures: 5 hard copies of draft ElA report

Thiru. S.K.Subba Reddiar S/o S.Kasthuri Reddiar,



Aruppukottai Town Aruppukottai Taluk. Virudhunagar - 623 101.

UNDERTAKING

I, Thiru. S.K.Subba Reddiar, undertaking that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Report for Proposed Rough stone and Gravel quarry over an extent of 1.29.5 Ha at S.F.No.

46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4 Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District,

Tamil Nadu State under project category B1 and Schedule S.No.1(a)

TOR issued by the State Expert Appraisal Committee, TN vide letter SEIAA-TN

/F.No.8347/SEAC/TOR-1032/2021 Dated 26.08.2021 .

I, hereby assure that all the information and dataprovided in the EIA report is accurate, true

and correct and owns responsibility for the same

Place : Virudhunagar Yours faithfully

Date : 01.12.2021


UNDERTAKING

I, Dr. A. Dhamodharan, Managing Director confirms that this EIA Report of

Proposed Rough stone and Gravel quarry over an extent of 1.29.5 Ha at S.F.No. 46/1, 46/2,

46/3, and 46/4 Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu

State has been prepared at M/s. Ecotech Labs Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.

I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any miss-leading information mentioned in this

Report.

Signature:

Name: Dr. A. Dhamodharan

Designation: Managing Director

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: M/s. Ecotech Labs Pvt Ltd.,

Chennai. NABET Certificate No: NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0130

Date: 01.12.2021 Place: Chennai

Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 1.29.5 Ha Draft EIA Report Project Proponent Thiru.S.K. Subba Reddiar

Project Location Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District

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Contents

QCI –NABET ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE OF CONSULTANT .......................... 16

DECLARATION OF EXPERTS ............................................................................. 18

TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ........................................................................... 25

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................... 66

DRAFT EIA REPORT ......................................................................................... 80

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 81

1.1 PREAMBLE .....................................................................................................................81

1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION ON MINING OF MINERALS .......................................................81

1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE .......................................................................................81

1.4 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) .........................................................................................83

1.5 POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING ........................................................83

1.6 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF THE EIA DOCUMENT ...............................................................83

1.7 DETAILS OF PROJECT PROPONENT ..................................................................................85

1.8 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .............................................................................85

Project Nature, Size & Location ........................................................................................................ 85

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 87

2.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................87

2.1.1. Type of the project: .............................................................................................................. 87

2.1.2. Need for the project: ............................................................................................................. 88

2.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ..............................................................................89

Site Connectivity: ............................................................................................................................ 91

2.3 LOCATION DETAILS: .......................................................................................................93

2.4 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS .......................................................................................................96

2.5 LAND USE BREAKUP OF THE MINE LEASE AREA .............................................................97

2.6 HUMAN SETTLEMENT.....................................................................................................98

2.7 VILLAGE MAP ................................................................................................................98

2.8 LEASEHOLD AREA ..........................................................................................................99

2.9 GEOLOGY ......................................................................................................................99

2.10 QUALITY OF RESERVES: ............................................................................................ 102

2.10.1. Estimation of Reserves................................................................................................... 102

2.10.2. Geological Reserves ....................................................................................................... 103

2.10.3. Mineable Reserves ......................................................................................................... 103

2.10.4. Year wise Production Plan............................................................................................. 104

2.11 TYPE OF MINING ...................................................................................................... 108

2.17.1. Method of Working:...................................................................................................... 108



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2.17.2. Overburden .................................................................................................................. 108

2.17.3. Machineries to be used................................................................................................... 108

2.17.4. Blasting: ...................................................................................................................... 109

2.12 MAN POWER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 110

2.13 WATER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................. 111

2.14 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE .................................................................... 111

2.15 SOILD WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................... 112

2.16 MINE DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................... 112

2.17 POWER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................. 112

2.18 PROJECT COST .......................................................................................................... 112

2.19 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ................................................................................... 114

3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................. 115

3.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 115

3.2 ANALYSIS FOR ALTERNATIVE SITES AND MINING TECHNOLOGY................................... 115

4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ............................................................. 117

4.1 GENERAL: .................................................................................................................... 117

4.2 STUDY AREA: ............................................................................................................... 117

4.3 INSTRUMENTS USED ..................................................................................................... 118

4.4 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION PERIOD: ......................................................................... 118

4.5 FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ...................................................................................... 118

4.6 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION................................................................................... 119

4.7 STUDY AREA DETAILS ................................................................................................... 119

Site Connectivity: .......................................................................................................................... 121

4.8 LAND USE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 122

4.8.1. Land Use Classification ..................................................................................................... 122

4.8.2. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 122

4.8.3. Satellite Data ................................................................................................................... 123

4.8.4. Scale of mapping............................................................................................................... 123

4.8.5. Interpretation Technique ................................................................................................... 123

4.8.6. Field Verification .............................................................................................................. 124

4.8.7. Description of the Land Use / land cover classes .................................................................. 125

4.9 WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 128

4.9.1. Contour & Drainage ......................................................................................................... 128

4.9.2. Geomorphology ................................................................................................................ 128

4.9.3. Geology:........................................................................................................................... 129

4.9.4. Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................... 129

4.9.5. Ground water quality monitoring ....................................................................................... 131

4.9.6. Interpretation of results: ..................................................................................................... 134

4.10 CLIMATOLOGY & METEOROLOGY: ........................................................................... 134

4.10.1. Selection of Sampling Locations: .................................................................................... 136



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4.11 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................ 137

4.10.2. Ambient Air Quality: Results & Discussion..................................................................... 137

Interpretation of ambient air quality: .............................................................................................. 139

4.12 NOISE ENVIRONMENT:.............................................................................................. 141

Day Noise Level (Leq day) ............................................................................................................. 142

Night Noise Level (Leq Night) ........................................................................................................ 142

4.13 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................. 143

4.13.1. Baseline Data: .............................................................................................................. 144

4.14 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY ................................................................................... 146

4.14.1. Methods available for floral analysis: .............................................................................. 146

4.14.2. Field study& Methodology adopted: ............................................................................... 147

4.14.3. Study outcome: ............................................................................................................. 147

4.14.4. Calculation of species diversity by Shannon – wiener Index, Evenness and richness by

Margalef: 152

4.14.5. Calculation of species diversity by Shannon – wiener Index, Evenness and richness by Margalef

for trees 152

4.14.6. Frequency Pattern......................................................................................................... 154

4.14.7. Floral study in the Buffer Zone: ...................................................................................... 155

4.14.8. Faunal Communities .................................................................................................... 155

4.15 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO ECONOMICS .................................................................... 158

4.15.1. Socio-economic survey methodology ................................................................................ 159

4.15.2. Salient features in the study area: ................................................................................... 159

4.15.3. Other Infrastructural Facilities Available in the District ................................................... 160

4.16 TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT.................................................................................. 161

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 163

5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 163

5.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT: ............................................................................................ 164

5.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT: ......................................................................................... 166

5.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT: ................................................................................................ 167

Source Characterization ................................................................................................................. 169

5.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT: ........................................................................................... 180

5.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMNENT: ............................................................................ 181

5.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMNENT: ................................................................... 182

5.8 OTHER IMPACTS: .......................................................................................................... 184

5.9 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................ 184

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ............................................. 185

6.1 GENERAL: .................................................................................................................... 185

7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ............................................................................. 189

7.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 189



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7.2 PUBLIC HEARING: ........................................................................................................ 189

7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT: ........................................................................................................ 189

7.3.1 Identification of Hazard ..................................................................................................... 189

7.3.2 General Precautionary measures for the Risk involved in the proposed mine: .......................... 191

7.3.3 Safety Team: .................................................................................................................... 192

7.3.4 Emergency Control Centre ................................................................................................. 192

7.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT: ............................................................................................ 192

7.4.1 Emergency Management Plan For Proposed Mines On Site- Offsite Emergency Preparedness

Plan: 193

7.4.2 Onsite off-site emergency Plan: ........................................................................................... 193

7.4.3 Emergency Plan:............................................................................................................... 193

7.4.4 Emergency Control: .......................................................................................................... 194

7.5 NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION .......................................................................... 194

7.6 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION: ........................................................................ 194

8. PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................. 195

8.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 195

8.2 PHYSICAL BENEFITS ..................................................................................................... 195

8.3 SOCIAL BENEFITS ......................................................................................................... 195

8.4 PROJECT COST / INVESTMENT DETAILS ........................................................................ 196

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................. 197

9.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 197

9.2 SUBSIDENCE ................................................................................................................. 197

9.3 MINE DRAINAGE .......................................................................................................... 197

9.3.1 Storm water Management ................................................................................................. 197

9.3.2 Drainage .......................................................................................................................... 197

9.3.3 Administrative and Technical Setup ................................................................................... 198

10 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 159

10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 159

10.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 159

10.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................................... 161

11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ................................................................. 163

11.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 163

11.2 ECO TECH LABS PVT. LTD – ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANT ........................................ 163

11.2.1. The Quality policy ........................................................................................................ 163

List Of Tables:

TABLE 1-1: POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING ..................................................83

TABLE 2-1: QUARRY WITHIN 500M RADIUS OBTAIND DATED 01.02.2021 .....................................87



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TABLE 2-2 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT .........................................................................89

TABLE 2-4: LOCATION DETAILS ..................................................................................................93

TABLE 2-5: LAND USE PATTERN ..................................................................................................97

TABLE 2-6: HABITATION .............................................................................................................98

TABLE 2-7: DETAILS OF MINING ............................................................................................... 102

TABLE 2-8: GEOLOGICAL RESERVES ......................................................................................... 103

TABLE 2-9: MINEABLE RESERVES.............................................................................................. 104

TABLE 2-10: YEAR WISE PRODUCTION PLAN............................................................................. 104

TABLE 2-11: LIST OF MACHINERIES USED ................................................................................. 109

TABLE 2-12: DRILLING AND BLASTING PARAMETERS ............................................................... 109

TABLE 2-13: BLASTING DETAILS ............................................................................................... 110

TABLE 2-14: MAN POWER REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 110

TABLE 2-15: WATER REQUIRMENT ........................................................................................... 111

TABLE 2-16: MINING SCHEDULE ............................................................................................... 111

TABLE 2-17: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 112

TABLE 3-1: ALTERNATIVE FOR TECHNOLOGY AND OTHER PARAMETERS .................................. 115

TABLE 4-1: FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS ............................................................. 118

TABLE 4-2 STUDY AREA DETAILS .............................................................................................. 119

TABLE 4-3 BUILT-UP LAND ....................................................................................................... 125

TABLE 4-4 AGRICULTURAL LAND ............................................................................................. 126

TABLE 4-5 WASTELAND ........................................................................................................... 127

TABLE 4-6 WATER BODIES......................................................................................................... 127

TABLE 4-7 GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 131

TABLE 4-8: STANDARD PROCEDURE ......................................................................................... 132

TABLE 4-9 GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS....................................................................... 133

TABLE 4-10: HISTORICAL RAINFALL DATA OF PAST 5 YEARS ...................................................... 135

TABLE 4-11: SELECTION OF SAMPLING LOCATION .................................................................... 137

TABLE 4-12AMBIENT AIR QUALITY .......................................................................................... 138

TABLE 4-13 NOISE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 141

TABLE 4-14 DAY NOISE LEVEL (LEQ DAY) ................................................................................ 142

TABLE 4-15 NIGHT NOISE LEVEL (LEQ NIGHT) ......................................................................... 142

TABLE 4-16 SOIL QUALITY ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 144

TABLE 4-17 SOIL QUALITY ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 145

TABLE 4-18 FIELD STUDY ......................................................................................................... 147

TABLE 4-19 CALCULATION OF DENSITY, FREQUENCY (%), DOMINANCE, RELATIVE DENSITY,

RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DOMINANCE & IMPORTANT VALUE INDEX .................. 148

TABLE 4-20 TREE SPECIES IN THE CORE ZONE ........................................................................... 149

TABLE 4-21 SHRUBS IN THE CORE ZONE ................................................................................... 150

TABLE 4-22 HERBS & GRASSES IN THE CORE ZONE .................................................................... 150

TABLE 4-23 CALCULATION OF SPECIES DIVERSITY ..................................................................... 152

TABLE 4-24 FREQUENCY PATTERN ........................................................................................... 154

TABLE 4-25 LIST OF FAUNA SPECIES .......................................................................................... 156



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TABLE 4-26: DEMOGRAPHY SURVEY STUDY .............................................................................. 158

TABLE 4-27: NO. OF VEHICLES PER DAY ................................................................................... 161

TABLE 4-28:: EXISTING TRAFFIC SCENARIO AND LOS ............................................................... 161

TABLE 5-1 CONTROLLED EMISSION CALCULATION (24HOUR- AVERAGE MODELING INPUTS)...... 170

TABLE 5-2 PREDICTED TOP 10 HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS PARTICULATE MATTER ................. 173

TABLE 5-3 PREDICTED TOP 10 HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS PM10 ............................................ 174

TABLE 5-4 PREDICTED TOP 10 HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS OF PM2.5 ........................................ 177

TABLE 5-5 PREDICTED TOP 10 HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS OF NOX......................................... 179

TABLE 5-6 TOTAL MAXIMUM GLCS FROM THE MINING EMISSIONS ........................................... 179

TABLE 6-1: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ........................................................ 185

TABLE 6-2: MONITORING SCHEDULE DURING MINING ............................................................. 187

TABLE 8-1: BUDGET FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT ..................................................................... 196

TABLE 9-1: IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................... 155

TABLE 9-2: BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR EMP DURING MINING ........................................... 158

TABLE 10-1: PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 159

TABLE 10-2: ANTICIPATE IMPACTS & APPROPRIATE MITIGATION MEASURES ........................... 161

LIST OF FIGURES:

FIGURE 1.1: FLOW CHART ..........................................................................................................82

FIGURE 2.1: GOOGLE EARTH IMAGE OF THE PROJECT SITE.........................................................91

FIGURE 2.2: SITE CONNECTIVITY ................................................................................................92

FIGURE 2.3: LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT SITE.....................................................................93

FIGURE 2.4: TOPO MAP OF THE PROJECT SITE .............................................................................94

FIGURE 2.5: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY WITHIN 15KM RADIUS .............................................95

FIGURE 2.6: COORDINATES OF THE PROJECT SITE .......................................................................96

FIGURE 2.7: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ................................................................................................97

FIGURE 2.8: SUNDAKOTTAI VILLAGE MAP ..................................................................................99

FIGURE 2.9: GEOMORPHOLOGY ............................................................................................... 100

FIGURE 2.10: LITHOLOGY MAP ................................................................................................ 101

FIGURE 2.11 YEAR WISE PRODUCTION PLAN ............................................................................ 107

FIGURE 4.1: SITE CONNECTIVITY .............................................................................................. 121

FIGURE 4.2 FLOW CHART SHOWING METHODOLOGY OF LAND USE MAPPING........................... 123

FIGURE 4.3 LAND USE CLASSES AROUND 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE ...................... 126

FIGURE 4.4 5 KM DRAINAGE MAP............................................................................................ 128

FIGURE 4.5 GEOMORPHOLOGY WITHIN 10KM FROM THE PROJECT SITE ..................................... 129

FIGURE 4.6 GROUND WATER PROSPECTS WITHIN 5 KM RADIUS OF THE PROJECT SITE ................ 131

FIGURE 4.7 GROUND WATER SAMPLING PHOTOS ..................................................................... 133

FIGURE 4.8 WINDROSE ............................................................................................................ 136

FIGURE 4.10 CONCENTRATION OF PM10 (µG/M3) IN STUDY AREA............................................ 139

FIGURE 4.11 CONCENTRATION OF PM2.5 (µG/M3) IN STUDY AREA........................................... 140

FIGURE 4.12 CONCENTRATION OF SOX (µG/M3) IN STUDY AREA .............................................. 140



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FIGURE 4.13 CONCENTRATION OF NOX (µG/M3) IN STUDY AREA ............................................. 141

FIGURE 4.14 AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MONITORING PHOTOS ..................................................... 142

FIGURE 4.15 SOIL EROSION PATTERN WITHIN 5 KM RADIUS OF THE PROJECT SITE ..................... 144

FIGURE 4.16 SOIL MAP OF 5 KM RADIUS OF THE PROJECT SITE .................................................. 144

FIGURE 4.17 RAUNKIAER’S CLASS FOR THE OBSERVED SPECIES ................................................. 155

FIGURE 4.18 ROUTE CONNECTIVITY MAP ................................................................................. 161

FIGURE 5.1 PREDICTED 24-HRS GLC OF PARTICULATE MATTER TSPM WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS OF

THE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................. 172

FIGURE 5.2 PREDICTED 24-HRS GLC OF PM10 WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 174

FIGURE 5.3 PREDICTED 24-HRS GLC OF PM2.5 WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 176

FIGURE 5.4 PREDICTED 24-HRS GLC OF NOX WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 178



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QCI –NABET Accreditation Certificate of Consultant



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Declaration of Experts



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Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA of Proposed Rough stone and Gravel

Quarry- 1.29.5 Ha by Thiru. S.K. Subba Reddiar at S.F.No. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4

Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu State.

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed

the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator: Dr. A Dhamodharan

Signature :

Period of Involvement: May 2021 – Till date

Contact information: M/s. Ecotech Labs Pvt Ltd.,

No. 48, 2nd Main road, Ram Nagar South Extension,

Pallikaranai

S.

No

Functional

areas

Name of the

experts

Involvement

(Period and task) Signature and date

1 AP Mrs. K.

Vijayalakshmi

1. Selection of

Baseline Monitoring

stations based on the wind

direction

2. Interpretation of

Baseline data by

comparing it with

standards prescribed by

CPCB against the type of

area

3. Identification of

sources of air pollution and

suggesting mitigation

measures to minimize

impact



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Period: June – till date

2 WP Dr. A.

Dhamodharan

1. Selection of baseline

Monitoring Locations for

Ground water analysis and

also identifying nearest

surface water to be studied.


baseline data collected


impacts based on the

baseline study conducted

and also to the ground

water and nearby surface

water due to the proposed

project

4. Preparation of

suitable and appropriate

mitigation plan.


3 SHW Dr. A.

Dhamodharan


nature of solid waste

generated

2. Categorization of

the generated waste and

estimating the quantity of

waste to be generated

based on the per capita

basis. Identification of

impacts of SHW on

Environment

3. Suggesting suitable

mitigation measures by

recommending appropriate

disposal method for each

category of waste

generated



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4. Top soil and refuse

management


4 SE Mr. S. Pandian 1. Primary data

collection through the

census questionnaire

2. Obtaining

Secondary data from

authenticated sources and

incorporating the same in

EIA report.

3. Impact assessment

& proposing suitable

mitigation plan

4. CSR budget

allocation by discussing

with the local body and

allotting the same for need

based activity.

Period: Period: June – till *Involves Public Hearing

5 EB Dr. A.

Dhamodharan

1. Primary data

collection through field

survey and sheet

observation for ecology

and biodiversity

2. Secondary

Collection through various

authenticated sources

3. Prediction of

anticipated impacts and

suggesting appropriate

mitigation measures.


6 HG Dr. T. P.

Natesan

1. Study of existing

surface drainage



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arrangements in the core

and buffer zone, impact

due to mining on these

drainage courses and

suggestion of mitigative

measures

2. Determination of

groundwater use pattern,

development of rainwater

harvesting program.

Storm water management

through garland drainage

system.


7 GEO Dr. T. P.

Natesan

1. Field survey for

assessing regional and local

geology, aquifer

distribution, Determination

of groundwater use pattern,

development of rainwater

harvesting program.


8 SC Dr. A.

Dhamodharan


baseline report


possible impacts on soil,

prediction of soil

conservation and

suggesting suitable

mitigation measures.


9 AQ Mrs. K.

Vijayalakshmi

1. Collection of

Meteorological data for the

baseline study period

2. Plotting wind rose



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plot and thereby selecting

the monitoring locations

based on the wind pattern

3. Estimation of

sources of air emissions

and air quality modeling is

done

4. Interpretation of the

results obtained

5. Identification of the

impacts and suggesting

suitable mitigation

measures.


10 NV Mr. Vivek

Mariappan

1. Selection of

monitoring locations


baseline data

3. Prediction of

impacts due to noise

pollution and suggestion of

appropriate mitigation

measures


11 LU Dr. T. P.

Natesan

1. Collection of

Remote sensing satellite

data to study the land use

pattern.

2. Primary field survey

and limited field

verification for land

categorization in the study

area

3. Preparation of Land

use map using Satellite

data for 10km radius



24

around the project site.


12

RH

Mr. Pinaki

Dasgupta

1. Identification of the

risk

2. Interpreting

consequence contours

3. Suggesting risk

mitigation measures


Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person

I, Dr. A. Dhamodharan, hereby, confirm that the above-mentioned experts prepared the

EIA report of mining project at survey number. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4 Sundakkottai

Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu State I also confirm that

the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information

mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name: Dr. A. Dhamodharan

Designation: Managing Director

Name of the EIA consultant organization: M/s. Eco Tech Labs Private Limited

NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0130 Rev.01



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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)



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37



38



39

COMPLIANCE OF TOR CONDITIONS

Point wise compliance of TOR points issued by SEIAA,TN vide letter No.

SEIAA-TN /F.No.8347/SEAC/TOR-1032/2021 Dated 26.08.2021 for Mining of Minor

Minerals in the Mine of “Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry Over an Extent of

1.29.5 Ha in S.F No. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4 Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk,

Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu State

ToR

Ref. Description Response

Page Ref.

in EIA

Report

1 Year-wise production details since

1994 should be given, clearly stating

the highest production achieved in any

one year prior to 1994. It may also be

categorically informed whether there

had been any increase in production

after the EIA Notification, 1994 came

into force w.r.t. the highest production

achieved prior to 1994.

This is a fresh mining

project of Proposed

Rough stone and

Gravel quarry

The Proponent has

obtained Precise area

communication from

the District Collector,

Virudhunagar vide

letter

Na.Ka.KV1/245/2020-

Mines dated

09.11.2020.

Mining Plan was

approved by The

Deputy Director,

Geology & Mining,

Virudhunagar letter

KV1/245/2020/Mines

dated 27.01.2021.

Proposed Production of

Rough Stone for five

years is proposed in the

EIA/EMP in chapter

Annexure-

II

Annexure

- I

Annexure -

II



40

no-2.

2. A copy of document in support of the

fact that the Proponent is the

rightful lessee of the mine should

be given.

The mine lease area of

1.29.5 hectare in

Sundakottai Village for

Rough stone and gravel

quarry approved by

Deputy Director,

Geology and Mining,

Virudhunagar letter

KV1/245/2020/Mines

dated 27.01.2021

Annexure-

II

3 All documents including approved

mine plan, EIA and public hearing

should be compatible with one another

in terms of the mine lease area,

production levels, waste generation

and its management and mining

technology and should be in the name

of the lessee.

All the documents i.e.

Mining Plan, E I A , a n d

public hearing is

compatible with each

other in terms of ML

area production levels,

waste generation and its

management and mining

technology are

compatible with one

another.

The mining plan of

the project site is

recommended to The

Deputy Director,

Geology and Mining,

Virudhunagar District.

Annexure-

III

Chapter-

II

4 All corner coordinates of the mine

lease area, superimposed on a High-

Resolution Imagery /toposheet should

be provided. Such an Imagery of the

proposed area should clearly show the

land use and other ecological features

of the study area (core and buffer

zone).

Details of coordinates

of all corners of

proposed mining lease

area have been

incorporated in Chapter

2 of EIA/ EMP Report.

Chapter-2,

Fig no. 2.1



41

5 Information should be provided in

Survey of India Topo sheet in 1:50,000

scale indicating geological map of the

area, important water bodies, streams

and rivers and soil characteristics

Topo map as attached

in Chapter-2

Chapter-2,

Fig no.

2.4

Page. no.

94

6. Details about the land proposed for

mining activities should be given with

information as to whether conforms to

the land use policy of the state; land

diversion for mining should have

approval from State land use board or

the concerned authority

Details about the land

proposed for mining

activities should be

given Chapter 2.

Chapter-2

Page 74

7 It should be clearly stated whether the

proponent company has a well laid

down Environment Policy approved

by its Board of Directors? If so, it

may be spelt out in the EIA report

with description of the prescribed

operating process/procedures to bring

into focus any

infringement/deviation/ violation of

the environmental or forest norms/

conditions?

The hierarchical system or

administrative order of the Company to

deal with the environmental issues and

for ensuring compliance with the EC

conditions may also be given. The

system of reporting of non-

compliances / violations of

environmental norms to the Board of

Directors of the Company and/or

shareholders or stakeholders at large

may also be detailed in the EIA report.

Noted.



42

8 Issues relating to Mine Safety,

including subsidence study in case of

underground mining and slope study in

case of open cast mining, blasting study

etc. should be detailed. The proposed

safeguard measures in each case should

also be provided.

It is an open cast mining

project. Blasting details

are incorporated in

chapter-2

Chapter-

2,

Page

no.109

9 The study area will comprise of 10 km

zone around the mine lease from lease

periphery and the data contained in the

EIA such as waste generation etc

should be for the life of the mine /

lease period.

Study area comprises of

10 km radius from the

mine lease boundary.

Key Plan showing

core zone (ML area).

Chapter-2

Fig no.

2.3

Page

no.93

10 Land use of the study area

delineating forest area, agricultural

land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary,

national park, migratory routes of

fauna, water bodies, human settlements

and other ecological features should be

indicated.

Land use plan of the mine lease

area should be prepared to encompass

preoperational, operational and post

operational phases and submitted.

Impact, if any, of change of land use

should be given.

Land Use of the study

area delineating forest

area, agricultural land,

grazing land, wildlife

sanctuary, National

park, migratory routes of

fauna, water bodies,

human settlements

and other ecological

features has been

prepared and

incorporated in Chapter-

4 of EIA/ EMP

Report.

There is no wildlife

sanctuary and national

park, migratory routes

of fauna in the study

area

Chapter

-4,

under

section

4.8

Page

no.122



43

11 Details of the land for any Over Burden

Dumps outside the mine lease, such as

extent of land area, distance from mine

lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any,

should be given.

The overburden is in the

form of topsoil and

weathered rock

formation; it will be

removed during the

quarrying operation, the

same will be preserved

all along the 7.5m safety

boundary barrier for

afforestation. Hence

there is no waste

anticipated during the

Rough stone and gravel

quarry operation

Chapter-

2, Section

2.11

Page

no.95

12 A Certificate from the Competent

Authority in the State Forest

Department should be provided,

confirming the involvement of

forest land, if any, in the project

area.

In the event of any contrary claim by

the Project Proponent regarding the

status of forests, the site may be

inspected by the State Forest

Department along with the Regional

Office of the Ministry to ascertain the

status of forests, based on which, the

Certificate in this regard as mentioned

above be issued. In all such cases, it

would be desirable for representative of

the State Forest Department to assist

the Expert Appraisal Committees.

The proposed mining

lease area is not falling

under forest land.



44

13 Status of forestry clearance for the

broken up area and virgin forestland

involved in the Project including

deposition of net present value (NPV)

and compensatory afforestation (CA)

should be indicated. A copy of the

forestry clearance should also be

furnished.

The proposed mining


under forest land.

14 Implementation status of recognition

of forest rights under the Scheduled

Tribes and other Traditional Forest

Dwellers (Recognition of Forest

Rights) Act,

2006 should be indicated.

Not Applicable.

There is no

involvement of forest

land in the project area.

15 The vegetation in the RF / PF areas

in the study area, with necessary

details, should be given.

Details of flora have

been discussed in

Chapter-4 of the

EIA/EMP Report.

Chapter-

4, section

4.12

16 A study shall be got done to

ascertain the impact of the Mining

Project on wildlife of the study area

and details furnished. Impact of the

project on the wildlife in the

surrounding and any other protected

area and accordingly detailed

mitigative measures required, should

be worked out with cost implications,

and submitted.

There is a relatively

poor sighting of

animals in the core and

buffer areas of the

mining lease.

No significant impact is

anticipated.

17 Location of National Parks,

Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,

Wildlife Corridors, Tiger/Elephant

Reserves/(existing as well as

proposed), if any, within 10 km of the

mine lease should be clearly indicated,

supported by a location map duly

There is no National

Parks, Sanctuaries,

Biosphere Reserves,

Wildlife Corridors,

Tiger/Elephant

Reserves/Critically

Polluted areas within



45

authenticated by Chief Wildlife

Warden. Necessary clearance, as may

be applicable to such projects due to

proximity of the ecologically sensitive

areas as mentioned above,

should be

obtained from the State Wildlife

Warden under the Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972 and copy

furnished.

10 km radius of the

mining lease area.

18 A detailed biological study of the

study area [core zone and buffer zone

(10 km radius of the periphery of

the mine lease)] shall be carried out.

Details of flora and fauna, duly

authenticated, separately for core and

buffer zone should be furnished based

on such primary field survey, clearly

indicating the Schedule of the

fauna present. In case of any

scheduled-I fauna found in the study

area, the necessary plan for their

conservation should be prepared in

consultation with State Forest and

Wildlife Department and details

furnished. Necessary allocation of

funds for implementing the same

should be made as part of the project

cost.

Details biological study

(flora & fauna) within

10 km radius of the

project site have been

incorporated in

Chapter-3 of EIA/

EMP Report.

No flora & fauna listed

in scheduled-I have

been found in study

area so there is no need

of conservation plan.

However, all care will

be taken for protection

of flora & fauna, if any

in the lease hold area.

Chapter-

4, Section

4.14



46

19 Proximity to Areas declared as

‘Critically Polluted’ or the Project

areas likely to come under the

‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court

restrictions for mining operations),

should also be indicated and

where so required, clearance

certifications from the prescribed

Authorities, such as the SPCB or State

Mining Dept. Should be secured and

furnished to the effect that the proposed

mining activities could be considered.

The proposed mining


under forest land.

19

20 Similarly, for coastal projects, A CRZ

map duly authenticated by one of the

authorized agencies Similarly , for

coastal projects, A CRZ map duly

authenticated by one of the authorized

agencies demarcating LTL, HTL,CRZ

area, location of the mine lease w.r.t

CRZ, coastal features such as

mangroves, if any, should be furnished.

(Note: The Mining Projects falling

under CRZ would also need to obtain

approval of the concerned Coastal

Zone Management Authority)

There is no Coastal

Zone within 15km

radius of the project site.

20

21 R &R Plan/compensation details

for the Project Affected People (PAP)

should be furnished. While preparing

the R&R Plan, the relevant

State/National Rehabilitation &

Resettlement Policy should be kept in

view. In respect of SCs /STs and other

weaker sections of the society in the

study area, a need based sample

survey, family-wise, should be

undertaken to assess their requirements,

and action programmes prepared and

submitted accordingly, integrating the

There is no

Rehabilitation and

resettlement is involved.

Land is patta land



47

sectoral programmes of line

departments of the State Government.

It may be clearly brought out whether

the village located in the mine lease

area will be shifted or not. The issues

relating to shifting of Village

including their R&R and socio-

economic aspects should be discussed

in the report.

22 One season (non-

monsoon)and (Summer Season),(Post

monsoon) primary baseline data on

ambient air quality CPCB Notification

of 2009 water quality, noise level, soil

and flora and fauna shall be collected

and the AAQ and other data so

compiled presented date-wise in the

EIA and EMP Report.

Site-specific meteorological data

should also be collected. The location

of the monitoring stations should be

such as to represent whole of the study

area and justified keeping in view the

predominant downwind direction and

location of sensitive receptors. There

should be at least one monitoring

station within 500 m of the mine

lease in the predominant downwind

direction. The mineralogical

composition of PM10, particularly for

free silica, should be given.

Baseline data collected

during June to August

2021 has been

incorporated in

EIA/EMP report.

The key plan of

monitoring station has

been discussed in

Chapter-4. Locations of

the monitoring stations

have been selected

keeping in view of

existing environmental

settings and location of

the sensitive receptors

and also that they

represent whole of the

study area.

Chapter 3



48

23 Air quality modeling should be

carried out for prediction of impact

of the project on the air quality of the

area.

It should also take into account the

impact of movement of vehicles for

transportation of mineral.

The details of the model used and

input parameters used for modeling

should be provided.

The air quality contours may be shown

on a location map clearly indicating the

location of the site, location of sensitive

receptors, if any, and the habitation.

The wind roses showing predominant

wind direction may also be indicated

on the map.

Air quality modeling &

Impact of Air quality is

furnished in Chapter 4

Transportation of

mineral during

operation of mines will

be done by road & SH-

47 through dumpers

and the impact of

movement of vehicles

are incorporated in

EIA/EMP report.

Chapter-4

Page

No.122-

134

24 The water requirement for the

Project, its availability and source

should be furnished. A detailed water

balance should also be provided.

Fresh water requirement for the

Project should be indicated.

Total water

requirement: 2.5

KLD

Dust Suppression:

1.0 KLD

Domestic

Purpose:

0.5 KLD

Plantation

:1.0 KLD

Domestic Water will

be sourced from

nearby Kallooranai

(1.6km, W) and other

water will be source

from nearby road

tankers supply

Chapter-2

Page

no.57



49

25 Necessary clearance from the

Competent Authority for drawl of

requisite quantity of water for the

Project should be provided.

Not Applicable

26 Description of water conservation

measures proposed to be adopted in

the Project should be given. Details of

rainwater harvesting proposed in the

Project, if any, should be provided.

At the last stage of

mining operation, almost

complete area will be

worked to restore the

land to its optimum

reclamation for future

use as water reservoir

27 Impact of the project on the water

quality, both surface and groundwater

should be assessed and necessary

safeguard measures, if any required,

should be provided.

Impact of the project on

the water quality & its

mitigation measures has

been incorporated in

Chapter-4 of EIA/EMP

report

Chapter-4

Page No.

119-1120

28 Based on actual monitored data, it

may clearly be shown whether

working will intersect groundwater.

Necessary data and documentation

in this regard may be provided. In case

the working will intersect groundwater

table, a detailed Hydro Geological

Study should be undertaken and

Report furnished. Necessary

permission from Central Ground

Water Authority for working below

ground water and for pumping of

ground water should also be obtained

and copy furnished.

Maximum working

depth: 31 m BGL

The ground water table is

reported as 65m below

ground level in nearby

open wells and bore wells

of this area. Now, the

present quarry shall be

proposed above the water

table and hence,

quarrying may not affect

the ground water So

mine working will not

be intersecting the

ground water table.

Chapter-2

Section

2.4



50

29 Details of any stream, seasonal or

otherwise, passing through the lease

area and modification / diversion

proposed, if any, and the impact of

the same on the hydrology

should be brought out.

There is no any stream

crossing in the proposed

quarry

Executive

Summary

30 Information on site elevation,

working depth, groundwater table etc.

Should be provided both in AMSL

and bgl. A schematic diagram may

also be provided for the same.

Highest elevation: 74m

AMSL

Depth: 31 m Below

Ground Water Level

Chapter-2

Table no.

2.7

Page no.

49

31 A time bound Progressive

Greenbelt Development Plan shall be

prepared in a tabular form (indicating

the linear and quantitative coverage,

plant species and time frame) and

submitted, keeping in mind, the same

will have to be executed up front on

commencement of the project.

Phase-wise plan of plantation and

compensatory afforestation should be

charted clearly indicating the area to

be covered under plantation and the

species to be planted. The plant

species selected for green belt should

have greater ecological value and

should be of good utility value to the

local population with emphasis on

local and native species and the

species which are tolerant pollution

Green Belt Development

plan is proved given in

Chapter 2.

Chapter-2

32 Impact on local transport

infrastructure due to the Project

should be indicated.

Projected increase in truck traffic as

a result of the Project in the present

road network (including those outside

Impact on local

transport infrastructure

due to the project has

been assessed. There

shall not be much

impact on local

Chapter-4

Page

No.114-



51

the Project area) should be worked

out, indicating whether it is capable

of handling the incremental load.

Arrangement for improving the

infrastructure, if contemplated

(including action to be taken by other

agencies such as State Government)

should be covered.Project proponent

shall conduct impact of

Transportation study as per Indian

Road Congress Guidelines

transport. Traffic

density from the

proposed mining

activity has been

incorporated in

EIA/EMP report.

115

33 Details of the onsite shelter and

facilities to be provided to the

mine workers should be included in

the EIA report.

Adequate infrastructure

& other facilities shall

be provided to the mine

workers.

Details are given in

chapter-2 of EIA/EMP

Chapter-2

Page no.

60

34 Conceptual post mining land use

and Reclamation and Restoration of

mined out areas (with plans and with

adequate number of sections) should

be given in the EIA report.

Conceptual post

mining land use and

Reclamation and

restoration sectional

plates are given in

Mining Plan followed

by Scheme of mining.

Mining

plates

Annexure

35 Occupational Health impacts of the

Project should be anticipated and the

proposed preventive measures spelt

out in detail. Details of pre- placement

medical examination and periodical

medical examination schedules should

be incorporated in the EMP.The

project in the mining area may be

detailed

Suitable measure will

be adopted to minimize

occupational health

impacts of the project.

The project shall have

positive impact on local

environment. Details

are given in chapter-9 of

EIA/EMP.

Chapter-9



52

36 Public health implications of the

Project and related activities for the

population in the impact zone should

be systematically evaluated and the

proposed remedial measures should be

detailed along with budgetary

allocations.

Suitable measure will

be adopted to minimize

occupational health

impacts of the project.

Chapter-9

37 Measures of socio economic

significance and influence to the

local community proposed to be

provided by the Project Proponent

should be indicated. As far as possible,

quantitative dimensions may be given

with time frames for implementation.

As a part of CER, 2%

of the project cost i.e,

Rs. 90,000 will be

allocated.

38 Detailed environmental

management plan to mitigate the

environmental impacts which, should

inter-alia include the impacts of change

of land use, loss of agricultural and

grazing land, if any, occupational

health impacts besides other impacts

specific to the proposed Project.

Environment

Management Plan has

been described in detail

in Chapter-9 of the

EIA/EMP Report.

Chapter-9

39 Public hearing points raised and

commitment of the project proponent

on the same along with time bound

action plan to implement the same

should be provided and also

incorporated in the final EIA/EMP

Report of the Project.

Public Hearing

proceedings will be

furnished in Final EIA

report

40 Details of litigation pending against

the project, if any, with direction

/order passed by any Court of Law

against the project should be given.

Not applicable

No. litigation is pending

against the project in

any court.



53

41 The cost of the project (capital cost

and recurring cost) as well as the cost

towards implementation of EMP

should clearly be spelt out.

S.

N

o.

Descripti

on Cost

1 Investmen

t Cost

4,60,000

2

Mining

Cost up to

lease

period

40,06,160

Total 44,66,160

EMP Cost – Rs.

4,91,000

CER Cost – Rs. 90,000

Chapter-8

42 Disaster Management Plan Disaster Management

and Risk Assessment

has be incorporated in

Chapter-7

Chapter-7

43 Benefits of the project if the project is

implemented should be spelt out. The

benefits of the project shall clearly

indicate environmental, social

economic ,employment potential etc.

Benefits of the project

has incorporated

Chapter-8

44 Besides the above, the below mentioned general points are also to be followed:

(a) Executive Summary of the EIA/EMP

report

Executive Summary of

EIA Report is given

from page No.15-28

(b) All documents to be properly

referenced with index and

continuous page numbering.

Complied

(c) Where data are presented in the

report especially in tables, the period in

which the data were collected and the

Complied



54

sources should be indicated.

(e) Where the documents provided

are in a language other than English,

an English translation should be

provided.

Complied

(f) The Questionnaire for

environmental appraisal of mining

projects as devised earlier by the

Ministry shall also be filled and

submitted.

The complete

questionnaire has been

prepared

(g) While preparing the EIA report,

the instructions for the

proponents and instructions for

the consultants issued by MoEF

vide O.M. No. J-

11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated4th

August, 2009, which are available on

the website of this Ministry, should

also be followed.

The EIA report has

been prepared and

complying with the

circular issued by

MoEF vide O.M. No. J-

11013/41/2006-IA.II(I)

dated 4th August, 2009.

(h) Changes, if any made in the

basic scope and project parameters (as

submitted in Form-I and the PFR for

securing the TOR) should be brought

to the attention of MoEF with reasons

for such changes and permission

should be sought, as the TOR may

also have to be altered. Post Public

Hearing changes in structure and

content of the draft EIA/EMP (other

than modifications arising out of the

P.H. process) will entail conducting

the PH again with the revised

documentation

There are no changes in

prepared EIA as per

submitted Form-1 &

PFR



55

(i) As per the circular no. J-

11011/618/2010-IA.II(I) dated

30.5.2012, report on the

status of compliance of the

conditions stipulated in the

environment clearance for the existing

operations of the project by the

Regional Office of Ministry of

Environment & Forests, if applicable.

Will be complied

after grant

environment clearance

form SEIAA,

Tamilnadu

(j) The EIA report should also include (i)

surface plan of the area indicating

contours of main topographic features,

drainage and mining area, (ii)

geological maps and sections (iii)

sections of mine pit and external

dumps, if any clearly showing the

features of the adjoining area.

All Sectional Plates of

Quarry is enclosed in

Mining Plan.

Additional ToR Compliance

1. Restricting the maximum depth of mining for Rough Stone & gravel up to 31m Below

ground level considering the environmental impacts due to the mining, safety of the

working personnel and following the principle of the sustainable mining was permitted

for mining over five years and the same was accepted by the proponent.

The revised production plan is detailed below:

SECTIO

N

YEA

R

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDT

H

(M)

HEIGH

T

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-

B’ I-

Year

39

27

17

7

99

88

78

68

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

11,880

6,630

2,380

23,166

-

-

-

SUB TOTAL 20,890 23,166



56

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

B’

45

19

18

35

12

11

2.0

3.0

9.0

-

-

1,782

3,150

684

-

ALREADY EXCAVATED RESERVES (-)1,782 (-)3,834

I – YEAR PRODUCTION 19,108 19,332

A-A’ & B-

B’

II-Year

10

14

14

14

11

99

88

78

68

58

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

6,160

5,460

4,760

3,190

5,940

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 2 81 6.0 - 972

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

B’

SUB TOTAL 19,570 6,912

45 8 2.0 - (-)720

II – YEAR PRODUCTION 19,570 6,192

A-A’ & B-

B’ III-

Year

2

7

12

12

13

88

78

68

58

48

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

880

2,730

4,080

3,480

3,120

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’

14

10

5

81

70

60

6.0

5.0

5.0

-

3,500

1,500

6,804

-

-

III – YEAR PRODUCTION 19,290 6,804

A-A’ & C-

C’ IV-

YEAR

13

13

13

13

8

3

81

70

60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

4,550

3,900

3,250

1,600

450

6,318

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & B-

B’ 5

10

58

48

5.0

5.0

1,450

2,400

-

-

-

IV – YEAR PRODUCTION 17600 6,318



57

2. A detailed study of the lithology of the mining lease area shall be furnished.

The details of Lithology of the Mining Lease Area are discussed in Chapter 2

3. The proponent shall form the proper benches as per the approved mining plan during

the operation of the quarry considering the hydro-geological regime of the surrounding

area as well as for safe mining

We commit that the benches will be formed as per the approved mining plan during the

operation of the quarry considering the hydro-geological regime of the surrounding area as

well as for safe mining. As per the mining plan, the quarry operation is proposed to carry

out with conventional open cast semi mechanized mining with 6.0 meter vertical bench with

a bench width of 5.0 meter.

4. The proponent shall furnish photographs of adequate fencing, green belt along the

periphery including replantation of existing trees, & safety distance between the adjacent

quarries & water bodies nearby provided as per the approved mining plan.

There is no greenbelt development existing area, It is proposed quarry and the development

of greenbelt will be done in the peripheral buffer zone of the mine area. Green belt has been

recommended as one of the major components of environmental Management plan, which

will improve ecology, environment and quality of the surrounding area. Local trees like,

Neem, Pungam etc. will be planted along the safety distance at a rate of 50 trees per annum

with interval 5m. The rate of survival expected to be 80% in this area.

A-A’ & C-

C’ V-

YEAR

9

15

15

15

15

15

81

70

60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

5,250

4,500

3,750

3,000

2,250

4,374

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 55 14 6.0 - 4,620

V – YEAR PRODUCTION 18750 8,994

TOTAL PRODUCTION FOR FIVE YEARS 94,318 47,640



58

5. The Project Proponent shall conduct the hydro-geological study to assess the impact

considering the contour map of the ground water table detailing the number of ground

water pumping & open wells, and surface water bodies such as rivers, tanks, canals,

ponds etc. within 1 km (radius) along with the water levels for both monsoon and non –

monsoon seasons from the PWD / TWAD.

The proposed mine site is located in S.F No. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4 in Sundakkottai

Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District.

There are 43 wells around the project site within 1km radius. The quarrying is planned up to a

maximum depth of 31m below the ground level whereas ground water table in this area is 60m

below ground level

Figure.1 Village Map of the 1 km Radius



59

Figure.2 Water Level Contour Map Pre Monsoon Season



60

Figure.3 Water Level Contour Map Pre Monsoon Season

Hydrogeology

The district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations (Plate-II). Unconsolidated &

Semi- consolidated formations and Weathered, Fissured and Fractured crystalline rocks

constitute the important aquifer systems in the district.

The porous formations in the district include sandstones and clays of Recent to subrecent and

Tertiary age (Quaternary). The alluvial formations comprising mainly sands, clays and gravels

are confined to major drainage courses in the district. The maximum thickness of alluvium is

35.0 m. whereas the average thickness is about 25.0 m. Ground water occurs under phreatic to

semi-confined conditions in these formations and is being developed by means of dug wells and

filter points.



61

Alluvium, which forms a good aquifer system along the Vaippar and Gundar river bed, which is

one of the major sources of water supply to the villages.

The water-bearing properties of crystalline formations, which lack primary porosity, depend on

the extent of development of secondary intergranular porosity. The occurrence and movement of

ground water in these rocks are generally confined to such spaces. These aquifers are highly

heterogeneous in nature due to variation in lithology, texture and structural features even within

short distances.

Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under

semiconfined conditions in the fissured and fractured zones at deeper levels. The thickness of

weathered zone in the district is in the range of 4 to 15 m. The depth of dug wells ranged from 10

to 15 m bgl. The yield of large diameter wells in the district, tapping the weathered mantle of

crystalline rocks ranges from 40 to 110 lpm and are able to sustain pumping for 2 to 6 hours per

day. The Specific capacity of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks ranges from 6.26 to

183.8 lpm / m. of drawdown. The yield characteristics of wells vary considerably depending on

the topographic set-up, lithology and nature of weathering.

The yield of bore wells drilled down to a depth of 40 to 70 m, by various state agencies mainly

for domestic purposes ranged from 10 to 250 lpm. The yield of successful bore wells ranged up

to 6 lps for the drawdown varying between 5.76 and 17.56 m and drilled down to a depth of 200

m bgl during the ground water exploration programme of Central Ground Water Board.

Depth of ground water Level & Ground water prospects

The project falls under Aruppukottai Block, which is categorized as Safe Zone (Less than 70%)

as per Annexure to G. O (Ms) No. 161, Public Works (R2) Department, Dated: 23.10.2019,

where the eligibility for the extraction of groundwater, extraction will be permitted only in

Safe/Semi critical and Non metro area for residential development where there is no any

provision of piped water supply by Local body.)

The ground water near the project site is found to be 3.1m BGL (Source: CGWB)

The Ground water prospects within 5 km radius of the project site (Source: Bhuvan) is found to

be >80m Deep well – 50 to 100 LPM yield.



62

Figure.4 Ground water prospects within 5 km radius of the project site

Only four kanmais were present near the Mine Lease Area – Sundakottai kanmai (400m, S),

Aladipatti kanmai (1.25km,NE), Kalyanasundarapuram kanmai (800m, SE) and karisakulam

kanmai (500m, NW).

Proper care will be exercised for the management of wastewater generating from the project site.

The wastewater generated due to the domestic activities in the ML area will be disposed through

septic tank along with soak pit arrangement. Hence there will not be any impact to the above

mentioned kanmais due to the proposed ML area.

There are 43 wells within 1km radius around the project site. The quarrying is planned upto a

maximum depth of 31m below the ground level. The ground water table in the project site is

found be 60m from the ground level. Hence there will not be any impact due to mining activity

since it is not intersecting the ground water table.

The detailed Hydrogeological study report is enclosed as Annexure.

6. The Proponent shall carry out the Cumulative impact study due to mining from all the

mines on the environment in terms of air pollution, water pollution, & health impacts

accordingly the Environment Management plan should be prepared.



63

EIA Report covers the study area of 10km radius around the project site f from all the mines

on the environment in terms of air pollution, water pollution, & health impacts and the

Environment Management plan is prepared accordingly.

7.The Socio-economic studies should be carried out within 10 km buffer zone from the

mines.

The details of socioeconomic studies were carried out within 10km buffer zone from the mine

lease area. Demographic Studies like details of population, Household, Sex ratio, Literacy rate,

SC, ST details were done for 20 villages to understand the existing scenario are discussed in

Chapter 4 under Section 4.8

7. A tree survey study shall be carried out (nos. name of the species, age) in the mining

lease applied area and 300m buffer zone and its management during mining activity.

No tree species were found inside the project site as it is a vacant land. only few shrubs and

thorny bushes were present.

List of already existing tree species in the area (1km radius):

S. No Name Age (in Approximation) Dimension

1 Coconut tree 15 1m*25m

2 Banyan Tree 9 5m*13m

3 Palm Tree 10 0.5m*25m

4 Neem Tree 20 1.8m*15m

5 Banana tree 15 1m*3m

6 Mango Tree 15 5m*12m

7 Ashoka Tree 40 2m * 7m

8. The proponent shall furnish the baseline data for the environmental and ecological

parameters with regard to surface water/ground water quality, air quality, soil quality,

& flora /fauna including traffic/vehicular movement study to assess the cumulative

impact of the proposed project on the environment and in order to propose Environment

management plan including CER activities proposed with implementation and cost

estimation details, considering the requirement raised during public hearing by the local

habitants in regard to as per Office Memorandum of MoEF& CC accordingly.



64

Cumulative impact was assessed considering the baseline data for the environmental and

ecological parameters with regard to surface water/ground water quality, air quality,

soil quality, & flora /fauna including traffic/vehicular movement.

The following Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) activities before the

commencement of the quarrying activities. If any requirement raised during public hearing

by the local habitants it will be incorporated in the CER activity.

S.No. CER Activity CER

2% of the project cost

(Rs lakhs)

1. Developing sports facilities and providing

toilet, water filter facilities, furniture's, to

Government school in Kalloorani Village .

0.90

Total 0.90

10. A Detailed mining closure plan for the proposed project shall be submitted

Mine Closure Plan approved by Department of Geology and Mining; Virudhunagar District

is attached as Annexure III.

11. A detail report on the safety and health aspects of the workers and for the

surrounding habitants during operation of mining for drilling and blasting shall be

submitted.

❖ All the labors will be checked and screened for health before employing them. After

employing them, periodical medical checkups will be held once in every six months.

❖ Proper PPE kit (Safety jacket, Helmet, Safety Shoes, Gloves) etc will be provided to each

employee in the mine lease concerning the safety of each labor.

❖ Alarm system in the form of Siren will be engaged in the project site to caution the

blasting activity. In addition to that, the blasting activity will be scheduled at particular time

– 4.30 P.M to 5.30 P.M (or whenever required) so that the employees will be aware of the

activity.

❖ Smoking will be banned in the site and sign boards will be displayed in various places at

site.



65

12. The recommendation for the issue Terms of Reference is subject to the final outcome

of the Hon’ble NGT, Principal Bench, New Dehi in O.A. No. 186 of 2016 (M.A.No.350/2016) and O.A. No. 200/2016 and O. A. No. 580/2016 (M.A.

No.1182/2016) and O.A.No.520 of 2016 (M.A.No.981/2016, M.A.No.982/2016 &

M.A.No.384/2017).

Noted.

13. The project proponent shall furnish the details along with the EIA Report of the

existing Green belt area earmarked with GPS coordinates and list of trees are

planted with copy of photos/documents.

There is no greenbelt development existing area, It is proposed quarry and the development

of greenbelt will be done in the peripheral buffer zone of the mine area. Green belt has been

recommended as one of the major components of environmental Management plan, which

will improve ecology, environment and quality of the surrounding area. Local trees like,

Neem, Pungam etc. will be planted along the safety distance at a rate of 50 trees per annum

with interval 5m. The rate of survival expected to be 80% in this area.

14. The project proponent should provide a detailed plan regarding the greenbelt area

surrounding the mining area at least with a width of 3m

Noted.



66

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.Project Background:

The Proposed project is Rough stone and Gravel quarry over an extent of 1.29.5 Ha, Own

patta land in Sundakottai Village of Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District. The

category of project is B1 (cluster), The lease area exhibits plain terrain topography with very

gentle slope towards south and covered by brownish red sand soil followed by weathered

rock formation and massive charnockite rock formation.

The quarry operation is proposed to carry out with conventional open cast semi mechanized

mining with 6.0 meter vertical bench with a bench width of 5.0 meter. The Quarry

operation involves shallow jack hammer drilling, slurry blasting, loading and transportation.

The quarry operation is proposed up to depth for 31.0m below ground level. Geological

Resources is estimated at 3,10,743 m3 of Rough stone up to a depth of 31.0m(Max) and

70,452 m3 of Gravel up to a depth of 31.0m. The Mineable Reserves is 94,318 m3 of Rough

Stone and 47,640 m3 of Gravel up-to the depth of 31.0 meters. Production Schedule is

proposed an average production of 94, 318 m3 of Rough Stone and 47,640 m3 of Gravel

production for the period of five years.

Mining plan is approved by Geology and Mining department of Virudhunagar district letter

vide no.Roc.No:KV1/245/2020 dated: 27.01.2021 from the date of execution lease dead.

The project area does not fall in Hill Area Conservation Authority region. There is no

interstate boundary, CRZ zone, Western Ghats, notified Bird sanctuaries, wild life

sanctuaries as per Wild life protection Act 1972, within the radius of 15Km.

2. Nature & Size of the Project

The proposed Rough stone and gravel quarry over an extent of 1.29.5 Hectares land is

located Sundakottai Village of Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District.

Mineral intends to quarry : Rough stone and Gravel

District : Virudhunagar

Taluk : Aruppukottai

Village : Sundakottai

S. F. Nos. : 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4

Extent : 1.29.5 hectares



67

Table 1: Brief Description of the Project

S. No Particulars Details

1 Latitude 090 28' 20.65" to 090 28' 25.83" N

2 Longitude 780 10' 52.34" to 780 10' 57.25" E

3 Site Elevation above

MSL 74 m from MSL

4 Topography Plain

5 Land use of the site Patta Land

6 Extent of lease area 1.29.5 Ha

7 Nearest highway SH 38 (Aruppukottai – Sayalkudi) - 6.2km, NW

8 Nearest railway station Aruppukottai Railway Station – 10.0 km, NW

9 Nearest airport Madurai Airport – 45km, NW

10 Nearest town / city

Town - Aruppukottai - 10 Km -NW

City - Madurai - 7 Km -N

District - Virudhunagar - 27 Km - NW

11 Rivers / Canal Gundur River – 7km - NE

12 Lake

❖ Thumbai Kulam – 9 km W

❖ Malai Arasan Kovil Lake – 11.11km NW

❖ Seva Kanmai - 11 km, NW

13 Hills / valleys Nil in 15 km radius

14 Archaeologically places Nil in 15 km radius

15 National parks / Wildlife

Sanctuaries Nil in 15 km radius

16 Reserved / Protected

Forests

Nil in 15km radius

17 Seismicity Proposed Lease area come under Seismic zone-II(low

risk area)

3. Need for the Project

❖ The mining activities as proposed are the backbone of all construction and

infrastructure projects as the raw material for construction is available only from such

mining. The Rough stone extracted will be transported to be Stone crusher of district

Virudhunagar.



68

❖ The raw Rough stone as well as the crushed material of stone is in high demand in

real estate, construction projects as well as in building construction projects.

❖ Rough stone is quarried for producing crusher aggregates to the nearby building

contractors, road contractors and nearby villagers.

❖ After quarrying the entire reserves mined out, the area will be used as water reservoir

to have an artificial recharge to the nearby wells.

❖ No damage to the land is caused, no reclamation or back filling is required.

Figure 1: Location Map of the Project Site



69

Figure 2: Google Image of the Project Site

4. Charnokite

Generally, the Charnockite is grey to greenish colored, coarse to medium grained, greasy

nature with or without garnet. Because of the limited outcrops, the quarry sections are

studied to infer the various interrelationships between the litho units. Charnockite is

interbanded nature with crystalline carbonate rocks are observed in most of the quarry in

Pandalgudi, Lakshmipuram, Gopalapuram, Sundakottai, Weathering of the Charnockite

on the surface gives a deceptive look of gneiss and in the quarry sections at depth the

fresh charnockite is exposed, which are well exemplified in almost all the Charnockite

quarry sections.

5. Geological Resources

The geological reserves have been calculated based on the cross section method



70

Table 2. Geological resources

Existing Pit Dimensions

Section Length

(Max)

(m)

Width

(Max)

(m)

Depth

(Max)

(m)

A-A’ & B-B’ 45 43 14.0

TABLE 3. Year wise Production Plan

SECTION

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDTH

(M)

HEIGHT

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-B’ 58

58

117

117

6.0

25.0

-

1,69,650

40,716

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 38

38

99

99

6.0

25.0

-

94,050

22,572

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 63

63

31

31

6.0

25.0

-

48,825

11,718

-

TOTAL GEOLOGICAL RESERVES 3,12, 525 75,006

Less: pit

excavated

A-A’ & B-

B’

45

19

18

43

12

11

2.0

3.0

9.0

-

-

1,782

3,870

684

-

ALREADY EXCAVATED (-)1,782 (-)4,554

BALANCE GEOLOGICAL RESERVES 3,10,743 70,452

SECTIO

N

YEA

R

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDT

H

(M)

HEIGH

T

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-

B’ I-

Year

39

27

17

7

99

88

78

68

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

11,880

6,630

2,380

23,166

-

-

-

SUB TOTAL 20,890 23,166

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

45

19

35

12

2.0

3.0

-

-

3,150

684



71

B’ 18 11 9.0 1,782 -



A-A’ & B-

B’

II-Year

10

14

14

14

11

99

88

78

68

58

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

6,160

5,460

4,760

3,190

5,940

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 2 81 6.0 - 972

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

B’

SUB TOTAL 19,570 6,912

45 8 2.0 - (-)720


A-A’ & B-

B’ III-

Year

2

7

12

12

13

88

78

68

58

48

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

880

2,730

4,080

3,480

3,120

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’

14

10

5

81

70

60

6.0

5.0

5.0

-

3,500

1,500

6,804

-

-


A-A’ & C-

C’ IV-

YEAR

13

13

13

13

8

3

81

70

60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

4,550

3,900

3,250

1,600

450

6,318

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & B-

B’ 5

10

58

48

5.0

5.0

1,450

2,400

-

-

-


A-A’ & C-

C’ V-

YEAR

9

15

15

81

70

60

6.0

5.0

5.0

-

5,250

4,500

4,374

-

-



72

6. Mining

Opencast mining

The quarry operation is proposed to carry out with conventional open cast semi mechanized

mining with 6.0 meter vertical bench with a bench width of 5.0 meter. The Quarry

operation involves shallow jack hammer drilling, slurry blasting, loading and transportation.

Process Description

➢ The reserves and resource are arrived based upon the Geological investigation

➢ Removal of Topsoil by Excavators and directly Loaded Into Tippers.

➢ Removal of Rough Stone by Excavators by Drilling and Blasting.

➢ Shallow Drilling With Jackhammer of 32-36mm Dia.

➢ Minimum Blasting With Class 2 Explosives.

➢ Loading of Rough Stone By Excavators Into Tippers.

7. Water Requirement

Total water requirement for the mining project is 2.50 kLD. The 90% water will be required

for the suspension of dust and green belt development domestic water will be sourced from

nearby Kalloorani Village and other water will be source from nearby road tankers supply

Table 4. Water Balance

Purpose Quantity Source

Drinking Water 0.50 KLD

Packaged drinking water is available from nearby

water vendors in Kalloorani Village is an out 2.55

km on the southwest of the area.

Green belt 1.0 KLD Other domestic activities through road tankers

15

15

15

50

40

30

5.0

5.0

5.0

3,750

3,000

2,250

-

-

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 55 14 6.0 - 4,620





73

supply.

Dust suppression 1.0 KLD From road tankers supply.

Total 2.50 KLD

8. Man Power

Total manpower required for the project is approximately 10 persons. Workers will be from

nearby villages.

Table 5.Man Power

1. Skilled Mine Foreman/ Permit Mines Manager

1 No

Jack Hammer Operator

2 Nos

Blaster/ Mate 1 No

2. Unskilled Helper 6 Nos

Total 10Nos

No child less than 21 years will be entertained during quarrying operations.

9. Solid Waste Management

Table .6 Solid Waste Management

S.No Type Quantity Disposal Method

1 Organic 1.8 kg/day Municipal bin including food

waste

2 Inorganic 2.7 kg/day TNPCB authorized recyclers

As per CPCB guidelines: MSW per capita/day =0.45 kg/day

Table.7 500m Radius Cluster Mine

S. No. Quarry detail Village S.F No Extent

(Ha)

I. Existing Quarry

1 M.Jesmuthu Sundakottai 52/3 & 5 1.49.5

II. Abandoned Quarry



74

1 B Bose Sundakottai 3/4B, 3/5B, 3/10 etc., 2.31.5

III. Proposed Quarry

1 S.K. Subba Reddiar Sundakottai 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, 46/4 1.29.5

2 T.R Varadarajan Sundakottai 48/12,13&14 etc 2.22.5

3 M Thiruvappu Sundakottai 64/3A, 64/3B, 64/3D etc3.40.5

Total 8.42.0

10. Land Requirement

The total extent area of the Proposed project is 1.29.5 Ha, Own patta land in Sundakottai

Village of Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhungar District.

Table .8 Land Use Breakup

S.

No. Land Use

Area in use during the

quarrying period (Hect)

1. Quarrying Pit 0.19.3

2. Infrastructure 0.01.0

3. Roads 0.04.0

4. Green Belt 0.31.6

5. Unutilized 0.73.6

Total 1.29.5Ha

11. Human Settlement

There are no habitations within 500m radius. There are villages located in this area within

5km radius of the quarry.

Table.9 Habitation

DIRECTION VILLAGE POPULATION DISTANCE

North Konkanakurichi

Konraikulam

600

500

2.0 Km

2.5 Km

South Bommakottai 1000 3.5 Km



75

Kalayarkarisalkulam 600 3.0 Km

East Aladipatti

Kalyanasundarapuram

1000

500

1.5 Km

1.5 Km

West Kalloorani

Mudduramalingapuram

2000

1000

2.5 Km

3.5 Km

12. Power Requirement

The Rough stone and gravel quarry project does not require huge water and electricity for

the project.

16 Litre diesel per hour for excavator for mining and loading for rough stone and 10 litre

diesel per hour for gravel needed.

13.Scope of the Baseline Study

The chapter contains information on existing environmental scenario on the following

parameters.

1. Micro – Meteorology

2. Water Environment

3. Air Environment

4. Noise Environment

5. Soil / Land Environment

6. Biological Environment

7. Socio-economic Environment

13.1 Micro – Meteorology;

Meteorology plays a vital role in affecting the dispersion of pollutants, once discharged

into the atmosphere. Since meteorological factors show wide fluctuations with time,

meaningful interpretation can be drawn only from long-term reliable data.

i) Average Minimum Temperature : 30 0C

ii) Average Maximum Temperature. : 38.5 0C



76

iii) Average Relative Humidity (%) : 65 to 85 %

iv) Average Annual Rainfall of the area : 1061.3 mm

13.2 Air Environment

Ambient air monitoring was carried out on monthly basis in the surrounding areas of the Mine

Lease area to assess the ambient air quality at the source. To know the ambient air quality at a

larger distance i.e. in the study area of 5 km. radius, air quality survey has been conducted at 5

locations over a period of Pre Monsoon Season. Major air pollutants like, Particulate Matter

(PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) were monitored and the results are

summarized below,

The baseline levels of PM10 (59-36 µg/m³), PM2.5 ( 25-12 µg/m³), SO2 (17-5µg/m³),

NO2 ( 23-10 µg/m³), all the parameters are well within the standards prescribed by National

Ambient Air Quality during the study period from June to August 2021.

13.3 Noise Environment

Ambient noise levels were measured at 5 locations around the proposed project site. The

maximum Day noise and Night noise were found to be 54 dB(A)and 46 dB(A) in

Kalyanasundarapuram. The minimum Day Noise and Night noise were 45 dB(A)and 35 dB(A)

which was observed in Sundakottai.

13.4 Water Environment

• The average pH ranges from 7.15-7.65.

• TDS value varied from 298 mg/l to 1520 mg/l

• Hardness varied from 159 to 857 mg/l

• Chloride varied from 27.4 to 396 mg/l

13.5 Land Environment

The analysis results show that soil is neutral in nature as pH value ranges from 7.28 to 8.05 with

organic matter 0.08 % to 0.34 %. The concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus & Potassium has

been found to be in good amount in the soil samples.

13.6 Biological Environment

The proposed Mining lease area is mostly dry barren ground with small shrubs and

bushes. No specific endangered flora & fauna exist within the mining lease area.

14. Rehabilitation/ Resettlement



77

• The overall land of the mine is private patta land. There are no displacement of the

population within the project area and adjacent nearby area. Social development of nearby

villages will be considered in this project.

• The mine area does not cover any habitation. Hence the mining activity does not

involve any displacement of human settlement.

15. Greenbelt Development

1.The development of greenbelt in the peripheral buffer zone of the mine area.

2.Green belt has been recommended as one of the major components of environmental

Management plan, which will improve ecology, environment and quality of the surrounding

area.

3.Local trees like, Neem, Pungam, Naval etc will be planted along the south side lease

boundary and avenues as well as over non-active dumps at a rate of 50 trees per annum with

interval 5m.

4.The rate of survival expected to be 80% in this area.

Table.10 Plantation/ Afforestation Program

Year Name of species

Place of

planted

No of

species Spacing Survival

2021 Neem/Pungam North 50 5m 80%

2022 Naval South 50 5m 80%

2023 Poovarasu/Pungam East 50 5m 80%

2024 Naval/Pungam South 50 5m 80%

2025 Neem West 50 5m 80%

Total 250

16. Anticipated Environmental Impacts

Air Environment and Mitigation Measures

1.Water sprinkling will be done on the roads & unpaved roads.

2.Proper m itigation m e a s ur e s like water sprinkling will be adopted to control dust

emissions.

3.Plantation will be carried out on approach roads, solid waste site & nearby mine premises.

4.To control the emissions regular preventive maintenance of equipment’s will be carried

out.



78

Noise Environment and Mitigation Measures

1.Periodical monitoring of ambient noise will be done as per CPCB guidelines.

2.No other equipment except the transportation vehicles and excavator for loading will be

allowed.

3.Noise generated by these equipment’s shall be intermittent and does not cause much

adverse impact

17.Responsibilities for Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

The responsibilities of the EMC include the following:

i. Environmental Monitoring of the surrounding area

ii. Developing the green belt/Plantation

iii. Ensuring minimal use of water

iv. Proper implementation of pollution control measures

18.Environmental Monitoring Program

A monitoring schedule with respect to Ambient Air Quality, Water & Wastewater Quality,

Noise Quality as per Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board (TNPCB), shall be

maintained.

19. Project Cost

The total project cost is Rs. 44,66,160 for deployment of machinery and creation of

infrastructural facilities like approach road, Mine office / Workers Shed, First Aid Room

etc., including electrifications and water supply.

Table 11 Project Cost details

S.No. Description Cost (Rs)

1 Project Cost 4,60,000

2 Expenditure Cost 40,06,160

Total 44,66,160

EMP Cost Rs.4,91,000

CER Cost Rs.90,000



79

20. Corporate Environmental Responsibility

The Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) fund will be provided to the below

activity

Table .12 CER Cost

S.No. CER Activity

CER

2% of the project cost

(Rs in lakhs)

1.

Developing sports facilities and providing toilet, water

filter facilities, furniture's, to Government school in

Kalloorani Village.

0.90

21.Benefits of the Project

• There is positive impact on socio-economics of people living in the villages. Mining

operations in the subject area has positive impact by providing direct and indirect jobs

opportunities

• The project is environmentally compatible, financially viable and would be in the

interest of construction industry thereby indirectly benefiting the masses.

• Quarrying in this area is not going to have any negative impact on the social or

cultural life of the villagers in the near vicinity.



80

Draft EIA Report



81

1. Introduction

1.1 Preamble

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to identify the environmental, social &

economic impacts of a project prior to decision making. It aims to predict environmental

impacts at an early stage of project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse

impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the prediction options to the

proponent. By using EIA, both environmental & economic benefits can be achieved. By

considering environmental effects - prediction & mitigation, early benefits in project planning,

protection of the environment, optimum utilization of resources, thus saving overall time & cost

of the project.

1.2 General Information on Mining of Minerals

Virudhunagar is endowed with minor mineral resources like, granite (Leptynite), blue metal,

gravel, brick soil, Limekankar, Clay (others) and sand deposit and the crystalline limestone is

major mineral resource in the District. As a result of developmental activities and market

demand for minor minerals, mining of minor mineral is vital. The mining if not carried out

systematically, will result in ill-effects and environmental degradation in project effected area.

Therefore a sustainable development of the area involving extraction of mineral wealth vis-à-vis

protection of environment is the ultimate solution for betterment of mankind.

The Mining of minor minerals like Limekankar, Blue metal, Dimension stone, brick sand and

Gravels are active in the district. Private companies play a major role in mining activity for

minor minerals, whereas the Government agency takes part in mining dimension stones in the

district. In total, 143 no’s quarry for blue metal/rough stone, 34 granite (leptynite) quarry for dimension stone, 26 for limestone, 9 for gravel and 12 for brick earth quarries are available in

the Virudhunagar district. As per District Survey Report For Rough stone Virudhunagar District

2018-2019 Prepared as per Gazette Notification S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018 of Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climatic Change, the total production of Rough Stone in the year

2018-2019 was 1635802.76 Cum

1.3 Environmental Clearance

Notification dated 14th September 2006, vide S.O.1599(E), any project or activity specified in

Category B. As per the Gazette Notification, dated 14th September 2006, The proposed project

is categorized under Category “B1” 1(a) (Cluster) - {Mining of Minerals} as the 500m radius



82

area is more than 5 Ha including the mine lease area. Hence, the project will be considered at

SEAC, Tamil Nadu.

Figure 1.1: Flow chart



83

1.4 Terms of Reference (ToR)

The terms of Reference has been issued by SEAC TN vide Letter No. SEIAA-TN/F.

No. 8347/SEAC/ToR-1031/2021 Dated: 26.08.2021. 13 additional ToR points were

recommended by SEAC TN in addition to the Standard ToR Points. The replies for the same

were addressed in this report.

1.5 Post Environmental Clearance Monitoring

Methodology adopted

Post project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in environmental

clearance letter issued by SEIAA, consent issued by SPCB as well as according to CPCB

guidelines. The lease area is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius

from the lease boundary is considered as buffer zone, where some impacts may be observed

on physical and biological environment. In the buffer zone slight impact may be observed

and that too is occasional.

Table 1-1: Post Environmental Clearance Monitoring

1.6 Generic Structure of the EIA Document

Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter contains the general information on the mining of

minerals, major sources of environmental impacts in respect of mining projects and details of

environmental clearance process.

Chapter 2: Project Description In this chapter the proponent should also furnish detailed

description of the proposed project, such as the type of the project, need for the project,

project location, layout, project activities during construction and operational phases,

capacity of the project, project operation i.e., land availability, utilities (power and water

supply) and infrastructure facilities such as roads, railways, housing and other requirements.

S.

No.

Description Frequency of

Monitoring

1. Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Quarterly/ Half Yearly

2.

Water level &

Quality

Monitoring

Quarterly/ Half Yearly

3. Noise Level Monitoring Quarterly/ Half Yearly

4. Soil Quality Monitoring Yearly

5. Medical Check-up Yearly



84

If the project site is near a sensitive area it is to be mentioned clearly why an alternative site

could not be considered. The project implementation schedule, estimated cost of

development as well as operation etc should be also included.

Chapter 3: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site) This chapter gives details of

various alternatives both in respect of location of site and technologies to be deployed, in

case the initial scoping exercise considers such a need.

Chapter 4: Description of Environment This chapter should cover baseline data in the project

area and study area.

Chapter 5: Impact Analysis and mitigation measures This chapter describes the anticipated

impacts on the environment and mitigation measures. The method of assessment of impacts

including studies carried out, modelling techniques adopted to assess the impacts where

pertinent should be elaborated in this chapter. It should give the details of the impacts on the

baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and suggests the

mitigation measures to be implemented by the proponent.

Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program This chapter should cover the planned

environmental monitoring program. It should also include the technical aspects of

monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies This chapter should cover the details of the additional studies

required in addition to those specified in the ToR and which are necessary to cater to more

specific issues applicable to the particular project.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits This chapter should cover the benefits accruing to the locality,

neighbourhood, region and nation as a whole. It should bring out details of benefits by way

of improvements in the physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential

and other tangible benefits.

Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis This chapter should cover on Environmental

Cost Benefit Analysis of the project.

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan This chapter should comprehensively present

the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which includes the administrative and

technical setup, summary matrix of EMP, the cost involved to implement the EMP, both

during the construction and operational phase and provisions made towards the same in the



85

cost estimates of project construction and operation. This chapter should also describe the

proposed post-monitoring scheme as well as inter-organizational arrangements for effective

implementation of the mitigation measures.

Chapter 11: Summary and Conclusions This chapter gives the summary of the full EIA report

condensed to ten A-4 size pages at the maximum. It should provide the overall justification

for implementation of the project and should explain how the adverse effects have been

mitigated.

Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants This chapter should include the names of the

consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of consultancy rendered.

1.7 Details of Project Proponent

Project Proponent: Thiru.S.K. Subba Reddiar

Status of the Proponent: Private & Individual

Proponent’s Name & Address:

S/o.S.Kasthuri Reddiar



Aruppukottai Town

Aruppukottai Taluk.


1.8 Brief Description of the Project

Project Nature, Size & Location

As per EIA Notification, 2006 and its subsequent amendments (O.M vide No.F.No.L-

11011/175/2018-IA-II(M) Govt of India MOEF&CC on December 12th 2018) project

comes under category B1 cluster & schedule 1(a) under item 1.

Proposed proposal pertains to rough stone and gravel mining project by semi

mechanized open cast method on allotted mine lease area at Sundakottai Village,

Aruppukottai Taluk of Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu. It is a plain terrain. The total

allotted mine lease for the proposed project is 1.29.5 Ha with their maximum annual



86

production capacity i.e. 94,318m3 of Rough stone and 47,640m3 of Gravel to be mined for

(Sixty months) Five years only.

Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 1.29.5 Ha Draft EIA Report Project Proponent Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar

Project Location Sundakottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District.

87

2. Project Description

This chapter furnishes detailed description of the proposed project, such as the type of the

project, need for the project, project location, layout, project activities during mining, capacity

of the project, project operation i.e., land availability, utilities (power and water supply) and

infrastructure facilities such as roads, railways, housing and other requirements. The project

implementation schedule estimated cost for carrying out entire mining activity is included.

2.1 General

Proposed proposal pertains to rough stone and gravel mining project by semi mechanized open

cast method on allotted mine lease area at Sundakottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk of

Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu. It is a plain terrain. The total allotted mine lease for the

proposed project is 1.29.5 Ha with their maximum annual production capacity i.e. 94,318 m3 of

Rough stone and 47,640 m3 of Gravel to be mined for (Sixty months) Five years only.

2.1.1. Type of the project:

As per EIA Notification, 2006 and its subsequent amendments (O.M vide No.F.No.L-

11011/175/2018-IA-II(M) Govt of India MOEF&CC on December 12th 2018) project comes

under category B1 cluster & schedule 1(a) under item 1. The project required to be appraised at

state level by State Environment Impact Assessment Authority, Tamil Nadu. Environment

Clearance study will involve preparation of final EIA report on the basis of baseline & impact

assessment study is carried out. Also, before appraisal, under 7(III) of EIA notification 2006,

the project involves the Public Consultation and the same will be conducted under SPCB (TN)

in Virudhunagar District. The proceedings of the same will be incorporated in the Final EIA

Report.

The mines within 500m radius from the project site is listed below

Table 2-1: Quarry within 500m Radius Obtaind dated 01.02.2021

S. No. Quarry detail Village S.F No Extent

(Ha)

I. Existing Quarry



88

1 M.Jesmuthu Sundakottai 52/3 & 5 1.49.5

II. Abandoned Quarry

1 B Bose Sundakottai 3/4B, 3/5B, 3/10 etc., 2.31.5

III. Proposed Quarry

1 S.K. Subba Reddiar Sundakottai 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, 46/4 1.29.5

2 T.R Varadarajan Sundakottai 48/12,13&14 etc 2.22.5

3 M Thiruvappu Sundakottai 64/3A, 64/3B, 64/3D etc 3.40.5

Total 8.42.0

2.1.2. Need for the project:

The said project plays a significant role in the domestic as well as infrastructural market. To

achieve a huge infrastructure being envisaged by Government of India, particularly in road and

housing sector, there is a need for basic building materials. The rough stone and gravel form the

primary building material.

Rough stone is one of the most valuable natural building materials. Aggregates are mostly used

for building roads and footpaths Aggregates – stone used for its strong physical properties –

crushed and sorted into various sizes for use in concrete, coated with bitumen to make asphalt

or used 'dry' as bulk fill in construction. Mostly used in roads, concrete and building products.

Aggregates represent about 98% of quarry output, most of which is used in road construction,

maintenance and repair. Much of this goes to the production of asphalt; the remainder is used

'dry' without the addition of other materials to provide a sturdy base for roads.

Since Virudhunagar, a city known for its small-scale industries and also the soil in the area

near project site is not very fertile making it unsuitable for carrying out agricultural activities.

The topography near the lease area is barren dry lands showing only less chance for crop

growth and development of vegetation. Virudhunagar is endowed with minor mineral resources

like, granite (Leptynite), blue metal, gravel, brick soil, Limekankar, Clay (others) and sand

deposit and the crystalline limestone is major mineral resource in the District. As a result of



89

developmental activities and market demand for minor minerals, mining of minor mineral is

vital. In addition to that, geological reserves of rough stone and gravel is abundant in the lease

area which is evident from the mine activities carried out in the nearby sites.

2.2 Brief Description of the project

Table 2-2 Salient Features of the Project

S. No. Description Details

1 Project Name Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry-

1.29.5Ha by Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar

2 Proponent Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar

3 Mining Lease Area Extent 1.29.5Ha

4 Location S.F No : 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4

5 Latitude 090 28' 20.65" to 090 28' 25.83" N

6 Longitude 780 11’05.02” to 780 11’ 11.43” E

7 Topography Plain terrain

8 Site Elevation above MSL ≃74 m from above MSL

9 Topo sheet No. 58 K/3

10 Minerals of Mine Rough stone and Gravel

11 Proposed production of Mine 94,318 m3 of Rough Stone and 47,640 m3

of Gravel

12 Ultimate depth of Mining 31m below ground level.

13 Method of Mining Open cast, semi-mechanized mining

14 Water demand 1.50 KLD

15 Source of water Water will be supplied from road tankers

supply

16 Man power Direct :4 , Indirect :6 nos

17 Mining Lease District Collector, Virudhunagar vide letter

Na.Ka.KV1/245/2020-Mines dated

09.11.2020.

18 Mining Plan Approval Mining plan was approved by The Deputy

Director, Geology & Mining,

Virudhunagar letter KV1/245/2020/Mines

dated 27.01.2021



90

19 Production details of Rough

stone

Production details of Gravel

Geological Reserves : 3,10,743m3

Mineable Reserves : 94,318 m3

Geological Reserves : 70,452 m3


20 Boundary Fencing 7.5m barrier all along the boundary

Fencing will be provided

21 Disposal of overburden The overburden is in the form of top soil

and weathered rock formation. It will be

quarried for filling purpose to nearby end

users and part of soil will be preserved all

along the boundary as barrier for

afforestation.

22 Ground water the fluctuations of water level is 70m in

Rainy seasons and 75m in Summer seasons

of this quarry area

23 Habitations within 500m radius

of the Project Site

There is no Habitation within 300m radius

24 Drinking water Water will be supplied through tankers

from Kalloorani Village is an out 1.6 km

on the west of the area.



91

Figure 2.1: Google Earth Image of the Project Site

Site Connectivity:

(NH-75)- Aruppukkottai- Vilathkulam Road – 9.49km- W

(SH- 42) - Aruppukottai, Kamuthi and Parthipanoor Road – 3.86km - E



92

Figure 2.2: Site Connectivity



93

Figure 2.3: Location Map of the Project Site

2.3 Location Details:

Table 2-3: Location Details

S.

No Particulars Details

1 Latitude 090 28' 20.65" to 090 28' 25.83" N

2 Longitude 780 10' 52.34" to 780 10' 57.25" E

3 Site Elevation above MSL 74 m from MSL

4 Topography Plain

5 Land use of the site Patta Land

6 Extent of lease area 1.29.5 Ha



94

Figure 2.4: Topo Map of the project site



95

Figure 2.5: Environmental Sensitivity within 15km radius



96

Figure 2.6: Coordinates of the project site

2.4 Site Photographs

The site photographs of the project site are as follows



97

Figure 2.7: Site Photographs

2.5 Land Use Breakup of the Mine Lease Area

The Mine Lease area is plain terrain with very gentle undulations. There is dry crop plantation

like maize (mostly), multi grains during rainy season available 500m radius and the proposed

lease area covered by thorny bushes.

The land use pattern at the end of the lease period:

Table 2-4: Land use pattern

S. No. Land Use Area in use during the quarrying

period (Hect)

1. Quarrying Pit 0.19.3

2. Infrastructure 0.01.0

3. Roads 0.04.0

4. Green Belt 0.31.6

5. Unutilized 0.73.6

Total 1.29.5Ha



98

2.6 Human Settlement

There are no habitations within the radius of 500m. the nearby habitations are as follows

Table 2-5: Habitation

DIRECTION VILLAGE POPULATION DISTANCE

North Konkanakurichi

Konraikulam

600

500

2.0 Km

2.5 Km

South Bommakottai

Kalayarkarisalkulam

1000

600

3.5 Km

3.0 Km

East Aladipatti

Kalyanasundarapuram

1000

500

1.5 Km

1.5 Km

West Kalloorani

Mudduramalingapuram

2000

1000

2.5 Km

3.5 Km

2.7 Village Map

The Sundakottai Village map is given below



99

Figure 2.8: Sundakottai Village map

2.8 Leasehold Area

The proposed Rough Stone & Gravel Quarry mine of 1.29.5 Ha is a own patta land of Thiru

S.K. Subba Reddiar. The lease area falls in S.F No : 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4 of

Sundakottai village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District. There is no reserve forest or

protected forest land within the lease area. There is neither human settlement within 500m

radius from the lease area.

2.9 Geology

Virudhunagar district is bordered by Western Ghats (Ridge and valley complex) in the West.

Valley fill area is observed in Watrap block. A major part of the district constitutes a plain

terrain with a gentle slope toward East and Southeast, except for the hilly terrain in the west.

The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite

imagery are; 1. Flood Plain, 2. Bazada, 3. Pediment, 4. Shallow & deep buried Pediments and

6. Structural Hills. (Source – CGWB)



100

Figure 2.9: Geomorphology



101

Figure 2.10: Lithology Map

The area applied for quarry lease is plain terrain with very gentle slope towards southeast and

covered by brownish red sandy soil followed by weathered rock formation and massive

Charnockite rock formation. The massive rock formation is noticed / occurred at an average

depth of 6.0 mts from the surface i.e. below top soil and weathered rock formation.

The top brownish red sandy soil mixed with weathered rock formation are also used for

formation of Roads, filling the low-lying areas, etc., The massive charnockite occur below the

weathered zone is hard, medium to coarse grained with intrusions. The charnockite is played a

vital role in construction and road formation civil works.

Water table is found at a depth of 50m below ground level. Average annual rainfall is about

835mm during SW and NE monsoons. Peninsular gneiss forms the oldest rock formations of

Archean age, in which the massive formation of Charnockite lies over with rich accumulation



102

of recent quaternary formation. On regional scale the Charnockite formations trends along NE-

SW with a dip of 70° towards SE.

The general geological sequences of the rocks in this area are given below.

AGE FORMATION

Recent - Quaternary weathered Rock Formation

Archean - Charnockites Peninsular Gneiss complex.

No exploration was carried out. Massive Rough stone formation visible from the existing pits in

the nearby quarry operations and dry open wells.

2.10 Quality of Reserves:

The mining lease area is of 1.29.5 Ha, with production capacity of 94,318 m3 of Rough stone

and 47,640 m3 of Gravel. Due to significant role in the domestic as well as infrastructural

market, making the mining of Stone along with associated minor minerals is economically

viable.

Table 2-6: Details of Mining

S.No Particulars Details

1 Method of Mining Open Cast Semi-mechanized

2 Geological Reserves Rough stone – 3,10,743 m3

Gravel – 70,452m3

3 Mineable Reserves Rough stone - 94,318 m3

Gravel – 47,640 m3

4 Proposed Production Rough stone - 94,318 m3

Gravel – 47,640 m3

5 Elevation Range of the

Mine Site 74m MSL

2.10.1. Estimation of Reserves

The practical method of the systematic geological mapping and delineation of Rough stone

(Charnockite) within the field was done and careful evaluation of body luster, physical

properties, engineering properties, commercial aspects, etc.

Totally four sections have been drawn, two sections along length wise as (A-A’) & (C-C’) and the other two sections drawn across the width as (B-B’) & (D-D’) to cover the maximum area considered.



103

The Topographical, Geological plan and sections demarcated the commercial marketable

Rough stone (Charnockite) deposit has been prepared in 1:2000 scale.

2.10.2. Geological Reserves

The geological reserves have been calculated based on the cross section method. Availability of

Geological Resources is given below.

Table 2-7: Geological Reserves


Section Length

(Max)

(m)

Width

(Max)

(m)

Depth

(Max)

(m)

A-A’ & B-B’ 45 43 14.0

2.10.3. Mineable Reserves

The available mineable reserves are calculated for the proposed lease period of 5 years based

on the total minable reserves calculated by deducting 7.5m safety distances to the boundary of

the area.

SECTION

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDTH

(M)

HEIGHT

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-B’ 58

58

117

117

6.0

25.0

-

1,69,650

40,716

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 38

38

99

99

6.0

25.0

-

94,050

22,572

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 63

63

31

31

6.0

25.0

-

48,825

11,718

-

TOTAL GEOLOGICAL RESERVES 3,12, 525 75,006

Less: pit

excavated

A-A’ & B-

B’

45

19

18

43

12

11

2.0

3.0

9.0

-

-

1,782

3,870

684

-


BALANCE GEOLOGICAL RESERVES 3,10,743 70,452



104

Table 2-8: Mineable Reserves

2.10.4. Year wise Production Plan

The production of minerals for the next five years as per the mining plan is given Table

Table 2-9: Year wise Production Plan

SECTIO

N

LENGTH

(M)

WIDTH

(M)

HEIGHT

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-

B’

49

43

38

33

28

23

99

88

78

68

58

48

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

18,920

14,820

11,220

8,120

5,520

29,106

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’

38

38

33

28

23

18

81

70

60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

13,300

9,900

7,000

4,600

2,700

18,468

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 55 14 6.0 - 4,620

TOTAL MINEABLE RESERVES 96100 52,194


BALANCE MINEABLE RESERVES 94,318 47,640

SECTIO

N

YEA

R

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDT

H

(M)

HEIGH

T

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-

B’ I-

Year

39

27

99

88

6.0

5.0

-

11,880

23,166

-



105

17

7

78

68

5.0

5.0

6,630

2,380

-

-

SUB TOTAL 20,890 23,166

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

B’

45

19

18

35

12

11

2.0

3.0

9.0

-

-

1,782

3,150

684

-



A-A’ & B-

B’

II-Year

10

14

14

14

11

99

88

78

68

58

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

6,160

5,460

4,760

3,190

5,940

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 2 81 6.0 - 972

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

B’

SUB TOTAL 19,570 6,912

45 8 2.0 - (-)720


A-A’ & B-

B’ III-

Year

2

7

12

12

13

88

78

68

58

48

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

880

2,730

4,080

3,480

3,120

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’

14

10

5

81

70

60

6.0

5.0

5.0

-

3,500

1,500

6,804

-

-


A-A’ & C-

C’ IV-

YEAR

13

13

13

13

8

3

81

70

60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

4,550

3,900

3,250

1,600

450

6,318

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & B-

B’ 5

10

58

48

5.0

5.0

1,450

2,400

-

-

-



106


A-A’ & C-

C’ V-

YEAR

9

15

15

15

15

15

81

70

60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

5,250

4,500

3,750

3,000

2,250

4,374

-

-

-

-

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 55 14 6.0 - 4,620



Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 4.31.5 Ha by Tmt. Nalini Annamalaiyan Chapter 2 Project Description Project Proponent Tmt. Nalini Annamalaiyan

Project Location Chinnakamanpatti Village, Sattur Taluk, Virudhunagar District.

107

Figure 2.11 Year wise Production Plan

Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 1.29.5 Ha Draft EIA Report Project Proponent Thiru S.K. Subba Reddiar


108

The applicant has proposed to carry out 94,318 Cum of Rough stone and 47,640 Cum of

Gravel production for the period of Five Years.

2.11 Type of Mining

The proposed project is an open cast semi mechanized mining with one 6.0 m bench for Top

soil & Gravel followed by 5.0m vertical bench with a bench width not less than the bench

height. However, as far as the quarrying of Rough stone is concerned, observance of the

provisions of regulations 106(2) (b) as above is seldom possible due to various inherent petro

genetic factors coupled with mining difficulties. Hence, it is proposed to obtain relaxation to the

provisions of the above regulation from the Director of Mines Safety for which necessary

provision is available with the Regulation 106(2) (b) of MMR-1961, under Mines Act- 1952.

2.17.1. Method of Working:

The rough stone is proposed to quarry at 5m bench height & width with conventional Open

cast semi mechanized method. The quarry operation involves Shallow jack hammer drilling,

Slurry Blasting, Loading & transportation of Rough Stone and Gravel to the nearby crusher

units/road formation works. The production of Rough Stone in this quarry involves the

following method which is typical for Rough Stone quarrying in contrast to other major mineral

mining

Splitting of rock mass of considerable volume from the parent rocks by jackhammer drilling and

blasting by manually braking and loading the Rough Stone from pit head to the needy crushing

units/civil works for the needy sectors

2.17.2. Overburden

The overburden is in the form of top soil and weathered rock formation; it will be removed

during the quarrying operation, the same will be preserved all along the 7.5m safety boundary

barrier for afforestation. Hence there is no waste anticipated during the Rough stone quarry

operation.

2.17.3. Machineries to be used

Type of machineries proposed for quarrying operation for the entire project is listed below.



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Table 2-10: List of Machineries used

For Mining operation Excavator of 0.90cbm bucket capacity (With Rock

breaker attachment)

Jack Hammer (30-32mm dia)

Tractor mounted compressor (2 Jack Hammer

Capacity)

Loading Equipment Excavator of 0.90cbm bucket capacity (With Rock

breaker attachment)

Transportation Tipper 1 No of 10/20 tons capacity (from quarry to

needy people and local crushers)

2.17.4. Blasting:

2.17.4.1. Blasting Pattern:

The quarrying operation will be carried out by Semi Mechanized Opencast method in

conjunction with conventional method of mining using jack hammer drilling and blasting for

shattering effect and loosen the rough stone

2.17.4.2. Drilling & Blasting:

Drilling and Blasting Parameters are as follows

Table 2-11: Drilling and Blasting Parameters

Parameters Details

Depth of each hole 1.2m to 1.5m

Diameter of hole 30-32mm

Spacing between holes 0.5 m

Burden for hole 0.5 m

Pattern of hole Zigzag

Inclination of holes 80° from horizontal

Use of delay detonators 25 milli seconds delays

Detonating fuse “Detonating” Cord

Hole pattern Staggered in two to three

rows

2.17.4.3. Types of Explosives to be used:

Small diameter of 25mm Slurry explosives are proposed to be used for shattering and heaving

effect for removal and winning of Rough Stone. No deep hole drilling or primary blasting is

proposed



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2.17.4.4. Measures to minimize ground vibration due to blasting:

The quarry is situated more than 1km from the nearby villages. Controlled blasting measures

will be adopted for minimizing the ground vibration and fly of rocks. Shallow depths

jackhammer drilling & blasting is proposed to be carried out with minimum use of explosive

mainly to give shattering effect in rough stone for easy excavation and to control fly of rock.

Table 2-12: Blasting Details

Parameters Details

No. of holes 32 holes

Yield 96 tons

Powder factor 6 tons/kg of explosives

Total explosive required 16kg of Slurry explosives

Charge/hole 0.5 kg

Blasted at day time 1.30 to 5.30 PM (or whenever

required)

2.17.4.5. Storage & Safety measures taken during blasting:

The project proponent “Thiru S. K. Subba Reddiar” will engage an authorized explosive

agency to carry out the small amount of blasting and it will be supervised by Permit Mines

Manager. The copy of the explosive certificate is attached as Annexure.

2.12 Man Power Requirements

The manpower requirement to meet out the production Schedule and the machinery strength

envisaged in the mining plan and to comply with the statutory provisions of the Mines Safety

Regulations is as follows.

Table 2-13: Man Power Requirements

1. Skilled Mine Foreman/ Permit Mines Manager

1 No

Jack Hammer Operator

2 Nos

Blaster/ Mate 1 No

2. Unskilled Helper 6 Nos

Total 10Nos

No child less than 21 years will be entertained during quarrying operations.



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2.13 Water Requirement

Total water requirement for the mining project is 2.50 kLD. The 90% water will be required for

the suspension of dust and green belt development domestic water will be sourced from nearby

Kalloorani Village and other water will be source from nearby road tankers supply

Table 2-14: Water Requirment

Purpose Quantity Source

Drinking Water 0.50 KLD

Packaged drinking water is available from

nearby water vendors in Kalloorani

Village is an out 1.6 km on the west of the

area.

Green belt 1.0 KLD Other domestic activities through road

tankers supply.

Dust suppression 1.0 KLD From road tankers supply.

Total 2.50 KLD

2.14 Project Implementation Schedule

The implementation schedule of the proposed Mine Lease of Subba Reddiar (1.29.5 ha) is as

follows

Table 2-15: Mining Schedule

MINING SCHEDULE

Activity Mar-

22

Mar-

23

Mar-

24

Mar-

25

Mar-

26

Site Clearance Excavation - Top Soil

Removal/Overburden I Year Production - (19108 Cum - Rough

Stone & 19332 Cum - Gravel) II Year Production - (19570 Cum - Rough

Stone & 6192 Cum - Gravel) III Year Production - (19290 Cum -

Rough Stone & 6804 Cum - Gravel) IV Year Production - (17600 Cum -

Rough Stone & 6318 Cum - Gravel)



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V Year Production - (18750 Cum -

Rough Stone & 8994 Cum - Gravel)

2.15 Soild Waste Management

Table 2-16: Solid Waste Management

S.N

o

Type Quantity Disposal Method

1 Organic 1.8 kg/day Municipal bin including

food waste 2 Inorganic 2.7 kg/day TNPCB authorized

recyclers

As per CPCB guidelines: MSW per capita/day =0.45 kg/day

2.16 Mine Drainage

The quarry operation is proposed up to a depth of 31m below ground level. The water table

is below 60m from the ground level which is observed from the nearby bore wells and the data

obtained from the existing panchayat and private boreholes. Hence the ground water will not be

affected in any manner due to the quarrying operation during the entire lease period.

2.17 Power Requirement

This rough stone quarry project does not require huge water and electricity for the project.

16 Litre diesel per hour for excavator for mining and loading for Rough stone and 10 litre

diesel per hour for Gravel needed.

2.18 Project Cost

I. Project Cost & Investment:

1) Land cost

It is a patta land cost of Rs.1,60,000/-

2) Refilling/ Fencing

There is no proposal for Refilling, after the excavation of Rough Stone the quarried out land will

be fenced with barbed wire fencing the cost would be around Rs.1,50,000/-

3) Laborers shed

Labours are proposed for quarrying Rough Stone. The machine operators and workers are from

nearby local villages, hence no cost is involved. Rest shelter will be constructed as semi-

permanent structure at the cost of Rs.50,000/-



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4) Sanitary facility

Sanitary facility will be constructed as semi-permanent structure, the cost will be around

Rs.50,000/-

Machinery to be used :

The Machineries like Jack Hammer, Tractor mounted compressor attached with Jack

hammer, Excavator 0f 0.9m3 bucket capacity attached with Rock Breaker are proposed to deploy

for quarrying operation and Tippers/Trucks of 10 Tons capacity will be used for the quarrying

transportation for hired basis.

Fixed Asset Cost :-

Land cost (Patta) = Rs. 1,60,000/-

Refilling/Fencing cost = Rs. 1,50,000/-

Rest shelter = Rs. 50,000/-

Sanitary Facility =Rs. 50,000/-

Other items :- =Rs.50,000/-

Total Cost =Rs. 4,60,000/-

Expenditure :

i) Drilling and Blasting cost / unit production = Rs.100/-

including loading & breaking.

ii)Mining cost for rough stone up to 5 Years planned production quantity

Total Minable quantity in M3 - 99,038 M3 (33,328 Units)

Total cost of mining Rough Stone = 33328 X Rs. 100/-

= Rs. 33,32,800/-

iii) Mining cost for gravel up to 3 Years planned production quantity

Total Minable quantity in M3 - 47,640 M3 (16,834Units)

Total cost of mining - Gravel = 16,834 X Rs. 40/-

= Rs. 6,73,360/-

Total Cost for Mining - Rs. 40,06,160/-

Total Project Cost - Rs. 44,66,160/-



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Environment Monitoring / 5 Years:

S. No. Details Cost per day

(rs.)

Cost per month

(rs.)

Total cost for

lease period (rs.)

1 Drinking water facility for

labourers

40

- 60,000

2 Sanitary maintenance - 1,000 60,000

3 Safety kits - 600 36,000

4 water sprinkling - 2,500 1,50,000

5 Afforestation, plantation &

maintenance -

12,000

(annually) 60,000

6 Environmental parameters

testing expenses - 25,000 (annually) 1,25,000

Total 4,91,000

CER Cost :

CER cost @2% on Project cost (A+B)- Rs. 90,000/-

2.19 Infrastructure Facilities

The workers are mostly locals living in the close proximity of area and will work in shifts

during day time only thus there is no requirement of major infrastructural facilities at the site.



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3. Analysis Of Alternatives

3.1 General

Analysis of alternative is a significant aspect in planning and designing any project. Cost

benefit analysis should be work out along with other parameters while choosing an alternative in

such a way that the production is maximum and the mining operation is environment friendly

and cost effective. The mine plan and mine closure plan has been approved by the Deputy

Director, Department of Mining and Geology, Virudhunagar District prior to submission of the

Form-1 and PFR.

ToR issued by the SEIAA-TN vide Letter No. SEIAA-TN/F.No.8347/SEAC/ToR-1032/2021.

The study for alternative analysis involves in-depth examination of site and technology.

3.2 Analysis for Alternative Sites and Mining Technology

Alternative Site

The proposed project is the mining of Rough Stone and Gravel Quarry and is proposed after

prospecting the area. In other words, these can be implemented in the mineral available zone.

Since the mining block has been allotted in principal by the State Government, there is no case

for studying and exploring any other site as an alternative.

Alternative Technology

The open cast mining could be manual/semi-mechanized/mechanized depending upon the

geological and topographical setup of the mineral (ROM) to be won and the daily/annual

targeted production

Table 3-1: Alternative for Technology and other Parameters

Sr. No. Particular Alternative

Option 1

Alternative

Option 2

Remarks

1. Technology Opencast

semi mechanized

mining

Opencast

mechanized

mining

Opencast semi mechanized

Involving drilling and blasting are

preferred

Benefits:

Material is hard so to make it

loose and to bring it to appropriate

size.



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2. Employment Local

employment.

Outsource

employment

Local employment is preferred

Benefits:

Provides employment to local

people along with financial

benefits

No residential building/ housing

is required.

3. Labour

transportation

Public transport Private transport Local labours will be deployed

from sundakottai, Kalloorani so

they will either reach mine site

by bicycle or by foot.

Benefits:

Cost of transportation of labors

will be negligible 4. Material

transportation

Public transport Private transport Material will be transported

through trucks/trolleys on the

contract basis

Benefits:

It will give indirect employment.

5. Water Tanker supplier Ground water/ Tanker supply will be preferred.

Water will be sourced from

Kalloorani Village, 1.6 km



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4. Description of Environment

4.1 General:

The method of mining for extracting rough stone and gravel quarry is required to be

selected in such a manner to ensure sustainable development. Mining activities invariably

affect the existing environmental status of the site. It has both adverse and beneficial effects.

In order to maintain the environmental commensuration with the mining operation, it is

essential to undertake studies on the existing environmental scenario and assess the impact on

different environmental components. This would help in formulating suitable management

plans and sustainable resource extraction.

To understand the existing environmental scenario, Baseline data helps in identification,

prediction and evaluation of impacts in Environmental Impact assessment. Through field

study, baseline data are collected considering various factors of the project. This includes-

• Physical- the area, the soil properties, the geological characteristics, the topography, etc

• Chemical- water, air, noise and soil pollution levels, etc.

• Biological- the biodiversity of the area, types of flora and fauna, species richness, species

distribution, types of ecosystems, presence or absence of endangered species and/or sensitive

ecosystems etc.

• Socioeconomic- demography, social structure, economic conditions, developmental

capabilities, displacement of locals, etc.

4.2 Study Area:

The study area for the mining projects is as follows:

• Mine lease area as the “core zone”

• A study area of 5km radius from the project boundary is designated as buffer Zone and

for the study of Socio-economic status, 10 km radius from the boundary limits of the mine

lease area has been selected.

We have obtained Terms of Reference from SEIAA vide Letter No. SEIAA – TN/F. No

SEIAA-TN/F.No.8347/SEAC/ToR-1032/2021 dated 26.08.2021. The baseline monitoring

is carried out in June - August 2021 and the analysis is briefed in the EIA report. The

proponent has engaged M/s. Ecotech labs Pvt. Ltd for carrying out the existing baseline

study.



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4.3 Instruments Used

The following instruments were used at the site for baseline data collection.

1. Respirable Dust Sampler with attachment for gaseous Pollutants, Envirotech APM 460,

APM411.

2. Fine Particulate Matter (FPM) Sampler, APM 550

4. Sound Level Meter Model SL–4010

5. 2000 series watchdog automatic weathering monitoring station

4.4 Baseline Data Collection Period:

The baseline data is collected in accordance with the CPCB Guidelines. The Baseline

study is carried out from June - August 2021.

4.5 Frequency of Monitoring

Table 4-1: Frequency of Sampling and Analysis

Atributes Sampling Frequency

Air environment – Meterological

(wind speed, wind direction,

rainfall, humidity, temperature)

Project site 1 hourly continuous

Air environment – Pollutants

PM 10

PM 2.5

SO2

NOX

Lead in PM

5 locations 24 hourly twice a week

4 hourly.

Twice a week, One non-monsoon season

8 hourly, twice a week


Noise 5 locations 24 hourly Once in 5 locations

Water (Ground water)

pH, Temperature, Turbidity,

Magnesium Hardness, Total

Alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate,

Fluoride, Nitrate, Sodium,

Potassium, Salinity, Total nitrogen,

Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms

5 locations Once in 5 locations

Water (surface water)

pH, Temperature, Turbidity,

Magnesium Hardness, Total

Sample

from nearby

lakes/river

One-time Sampling



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Alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate,

Fluoride, Nitrate, Sodium,

Potassium, Salinity, Total nitrogen,

Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms

Soil

(Organic matter, Texture, pH,

Electrical Conductivity,

Permeability, Water holding

capacity, Porosity)

5 locations Once in 5 locations

Ecology and biodiversity Study Study area

covering 10

km radius

One-time Sampling

Socio- Economic study

(Population, Literacy Level,

employment, Infrastructure like

school, hospitals & commercial

establishments)

Villages

around 10

km radius

One-time Sampling

4.6 Secondary data Collection

Apart from the primary data, Secondary data is also used for the collection; collation;

synthesis and interpretation

• Flora & Faunal Study

• Land use study

• Demography and socio-economic analysis

• Meteorological data, from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

4.7 Study area details

Table 4-2 Study area details

S. No Description Details Source

1. Project

Location

Survey number 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and

46/4 Sundakottai Village,

Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar

District

Field Study



120

2. Latitude &

Longitude

090 28' 20.65" to 090 28' 25.83" N

780 10' 52.34" to 780 10' 57.25" E

Topo Sheet

3. Topo Sheet No. 58K/3 Survey of India

Toposheet

4. Mine Lease

Area

1.29.5 Ha --

Demography in the study area (as per Census 2011)

5. Total

Population

142637 Census Survey

of India

6. Total Number

of Households

39909

7. Maximum

Temperature

(°C)

38.5 IMD

8. Minimum

Temperature

(°C)

30

9. Ecological

Sensitive Areas

- Wetlands,

watercourses or

other

waterbodies,

coastal zone,

biospheres,

mountains,

forests

❖ Thumbai Kulam – 9 km W

❖ Malai Arasan Kovil Lake –

11.11km NW

Seva Kanmai - 11 km, NW

Sundakottai Kanmai – 400m, S

Survey of India

Toposheet

10. Densely

Populated area

The area applied for mining lease lies

in 1.6km west of Kallurani Village

with a total population of 2000 and

Aladipatti Village is located 1.6km

east of the project area with a

population of about 1000.



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11. Areas occupied

by sensitive

man-made land

uses (hospitals,

schools, places

of worship,

community

facilities)

Government primary school- 2.28 SW

Government sec school

kathalampatti-3.44 S

Minerva Public School- 4.44 NW

Government Arts & Science College-

9.23 Km SW

Google Earth/

Field study

Site Connectivity:

Figure 4.1: Site Connectivity

The project site is located 3.86 kms east of Kallurani village which is located over the SH-

42 between (Aruppukottai, Kamuthi and Parthipanoor) and at a distance of 2.55km from

Kallurani towards south west. The panchayat road from Kallurani village and Aladipatti

village which is 0.12km in the north connects the quarry lease area. The existing road from

the quarry area will be used and maintained for transportation. The nearest railway stations is

Tiruchuli railway station on north at about 7.12 km. The nearest airport is Madurai airport

which 41.58km in the north direction from the project site.



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4.8 Land use Analysis

4.8.1. Land Use Classification

Land Use / Land Cover - Land Use refers to man's activity and the various uses, which

are carried on land. Land Cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial

cover and others, resulting due to land transformation. The present Land Use/Land

Classification map is developed with following objectives. The main objective of the study is

to classify the different land use within 10 km from the project boundary.

4.8.2. Methodology

Information of land use and land cover is important for many planning and management

activities concerning the surface of the earth (Agarwal and Garg, 2000). Land use refers to

man's activities on land, which are directly related to land (Anderson et al., 1976). The land

use and the land cover determine the infiltration capacity. Barren surfaces are poor retainers

of water as compared to grasslands and forests, which not only hold water for longer periods

on the surface, but at the same time allow it to percolate down.

The terms ‘land use’ and ‘land cover’ (LULC) are often used to describe maps that provide information about the types of features found on the earth’s surface (land cover) and

the human activity that is associated with them (land use). Satellite remote sensing is being

used for determining different types of land use classes as it provides a means of assessing a

large area with limited time and resources. However, satellite images do not record land cover

details directly and they are measured based on the solar energy reflected from each area on

the land. The amount of multi spectral energy in multi wavelengths depends on the type of

material at the earth’s surface and the objective is to associate particular land cover with each

of these reflected energies, which is achieved using either visual or digital interpretation. In

the present study the task is to study in detail the land use and land cover in and around the

project site. The study envisages different LULC around the proposed project area and the

procedure adopted is as below



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Figure 4.2 Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land use mapping

4.8.3. Satellite Data

IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III multispectral satellite data of 05th March 2016 was utilized

for the present study. Details of satellite data is given below. The rectification of imagery was

carried out on to bring the digital data on the earth coordinate system by means of ground

control point (GCP) assignments/SOI topo sheets.

4.8.4. Scale of mapping

Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III data on 1:50000

Scale was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for proposed site. The

description of the land use categories for 10 km radius and the statistics are given for 10 km

radius.

4.8.5. Interpretation Technique

Standard on screen visual interpretation procedure was followed. The various Land use /

Land cover classes interpreted along with the SOI topographical maps during the initial rapid

reconnaissance of the study area. The physiognomic expressions conceived by image elements

of color, tone, texture, size, shape, pattern, shadow, location and associated features are used

to interpret the FCC imagery. Image interpretation keys were developed for each of the

LU/LC classes in terms of image elements.



124

February 2016 FCC imagery (Digital data) of the study area was interpreted for the

relevant land use classes. On screen visual interpretation coupled with supervised image

classification techniques are used to prepare the land use classification.

1. Digitisation of the study area (10 km radius from the proposed site) from the topo maps

2. In the present study the IRS –P6 satellite image and SOI topo sheets of 47-F/01,02,03have

been procured and interpreted using the ERDAS imaging and ARC-GIS soft ware adopting

the necessary interpretation techniques.

3. Satellite data interpretation and vectorisation of the resulting units

4. Adopting the available guidelines from manual of LULC mapping using Satellite imagery

(NRSA, 1989)

5. Field checking and ground truth validation

6. Composition of final LULC map

The LULC Classification has been done at three levels where level -1 being the broad

classification about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land, waste land, wet

lands, and water bodies. These are followed by level –II where built-up land is divided into

towns/cities as well villages. The Agriculture land is divided into different classes such as

cropland, Fallow, Plantation, while wastelands are broadly divided into, Land with scrub and

without Scrub and Mining and Industrial wasteland. The wetlands are classified into inland

wetlands, coastal wetlands and islands. The water bodies are classified further into

River/stream, Canal, Tanks and bay. In the present study level II classification has been

undertaken. The SOI Topo map is presented in Annexure and Satellite imagery of 10 km

radius from the project site is presented Annexure

4.8.6. Field Verification

Field verification involved collection, verification and record of the different surface features

that create specific spectral signatures / image expressions on FCC. In the study area,

doubtful areas identified in course of interpretation of imagery is systematically listed and

transferred on to the corresponding SOI topographical maps for ground verification. In

addition to these, traverse routes were planned with reference to SOI topographical maps to

verify interpreted LU/LC classes in such a manner that all the different classes are covered by

at least 5 sampling areas, evenly distributed in the area. Ground truth details involving

LU/LC classes and other ancillary information about crop growth stage, exposed soils,

landform, nature and type of land degradation are recorded and the different land use classes

are taken the Land use map is presented in Annexure



125

4.8.7. Description of the Land Use / land cover classes

4.8.7.1. Built-up land

It is defined as an area of human settlements composed of houses, commercial complex,

transport, communication lines, utilities, services, places of worships, recreational areas,

industries etc. Depending upon the nature and type of utilities and size of habitations,

residential areas can be aggregated into villages, towns and cities. All the man-made

construction covering land belongs to this category. The built- up in 10 km radius from the

proposed project site is as follows.

Table 4-3 Built-up land

Sl. No Land use Area in Sqkm Percentage

1 Built-up (Rural, Urban and Industr 26.31 8.38



126

Figure 4.3 Land use classes around 10 km radius from the project site

4.8.7.2. Agricultural land

This category includes the land utilized for crops, vegetables, fodder and fruits. Existing

cropland and current fallows are included in this category.

It is described as an area under agricultural tree crops, planted adopting certain agricultural

management techniques. The Agricultural land in 10 km radius from the proposed project site is

as follows.

Table 4-4 Agricultural land

Sl.No Land use Area in Sqkm Percentage

1 Crop Land 258.38 81.32

2 Fallow Land 4.9 1.56

3 Plantation 9.88 3.15



127

Of all the agricultural lands, Crop land occupies maximum area within 10 km radius.

4.8.7.3. Wastelands

Wastelands are the degraded or underutilized lands most of which could be brought under

productive use with proper soil and water management practices. Wasteland results from various

environmental and human factors.

4.8.7.4. Land with or without Scrub

The land, which is outside the forest boundary and not utilized for cultivation. Land with

or without scrub usually associated with shallow, stony, rocky otherwise non-arable lands.

The Wasteland in 10 km radius from the proposed project site is as below.

Table 4-5 Wasteland

S. No Land use Area in Ha Percentage

1 Land with/without Scrub 2.25 0.72

2 Barren land 0.46 0.15

3 Fallow land 4.9 1.56

4.8.7.5. Water bodies

The category comprises area of surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds,

reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers and canals. River cater channel is inland waterways used

for irrigation and for flood control.

Table 4-6 water bodies

Sl. No Land use Area in Ha Percentage

1 Waterbodies 14.37 4.58

The study reveals that the following major land use in the study area of 10 km radius from the

project boundary

• Crop land (81 %) occupies majority of the area.

• About 8.38 % is built up area land used for various developmental activities.

• Vaippar river stream is flowing at a distance of 600m from the southern boundary of the

project site.

• The surface water body occupies about 4.58% of the study area.



128

4.9 Water Environment

4.9.1. Contour & Drainage

The project site is 74m AMSL. The drainage pattern within in the 5 km of the project site is

dendritic.

Figure 4.4 5 km Drainage Map

4.9.2. Geomorphology

The geomorphologic study is done within 5 km from the project site. The major formations

are

• Denudational Origin- Pediment Pediplain Complex: The groundwater condition in pediments

generally varies depending upon the type of underlying folded structures, fracture systems and

degree of weathering. Groundwater prospecting in pediments is considered as normal to poor.



129

Figure 4.5 Geomorphology within 10km from the project site

4.9.3. Geology:

Virudhunagar district is bordered by Western Ghats (Ridge and valley complex) in the West.

Valley fill area is observed in Watrap block. A major part of the district constitutes a plain terrain

with a gentle slope toward East and Southeast, except for the hilly terrain in the west. The

prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery

are; 1. Flood Plain, 2. Bazada, 3. Pediment, 4. Shallow & deep buried Pediments and 6. Structural

Hills.

Project site falls in Denudational Origin- Pediment Pediplain Complex.

4.9.4. Hydrogeology

The district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations (Plate-II). Unconsolidated &

Semi-consolidated formations and Weathered, Fissured and Fractured crystalline rocks constitute

the important aquifer systems in the district.



130

The porous formations in the district include sandstones and clays of Recent to subrecent

and Tertiary age (Quaternary). The alluvial formations comprising mainly sands, clays and gravels

are confined to major drainage courses in the district. The maximum thickness of alluvium is 35.0

m. whereas the average thickness is about 25.0 m. Ground water occurs under phreatic to semi-

confined conditions in these formations and is being developed by means of dug wells and filter

points. Alluvium, which forms a good aquifer system along the Vaippar and Gundar river bed,

which is one of the major sources of water supply to the villages.

The water-bearing properties of crystalline formations, which lack primary porosity, depend

on the extent of development of secondary intergranular porosity. The occurrence and movement

of ground water in these rocks are generally confined to such spaces. These aquifers are highly

heterogeneous in nature due to variation in lithology, texture and structural features even within

short distances.

Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under

semiconfined conditions in the fissured and fractured zones at deeper levels. The thickness of

weathered zone in the district is in the range of 4 to 15 m. The depth of dug wells ranged from 10

to 15 m bgl. The yield of large diameter wells in the district, tapping the weathered mantle of

crystalline rocks ranges from 40 to 110 lpm and are able to sustain pumping for 2 to 6 hours per

day. The Specific capacity of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks ranges from 6.26 to

183.8 lpm / m. of drawdown. The yield characteristics of wells vary considerably depending on

the topographic set-up, lithology and nature of weathering.

The yield of bore wells drilled down to a depth of 40 to 70 m, by various state agencies mainly

for domestic purposes ranged from 10 to 250 lpm. The yield of successful bore wells ranged up to

6 lps for the drawdown varying between 5.76 and 17.56 m and drilled down to a depth of 200 m

bgl during the ground water exploration programme of Central Ground Water Board.

The depth to water level in the district varied between 0.67 and 12.12 m bgl during pre-

monsoon (May 2006) and varied between 0.49 and 8.78 m bgl during post monsoon (Jan 2007).

The seasonal fluctuation shows a rise in water level which ranges from 0.35 to 2.8 m. The

piezometric head varied between 3.49 and 16.23 m bgl during pre-monsoon (May 2006) and 1.29

and 8.06 m bgl during post monsoon (Jan 2007).

Depth of ground water Level & Ground water prospects

The Ground water prospects within 5 km radius of the project site (Source: Bhuvan) is found to be

>80m Deep well – 30 to 50 LPM yield.



131

Figure 4.6 Ground water prospects within 5 km radius of the project site

4.9.5. Ground water quality monitoring

Ground water quality monitoring is done in the following locations and analysis will be done for

physical, chemical & Biological parameters.

Table 4-7 Ground water Quality Analysis

Environmental Parameters: Ground water Quality Analysis

Monitoring Period June to August 2021

Design Criteria Based on the Environmental settings in the study area

Monitoring Locations Project Site – GW 1

Sundakottai village – GW 2

Kalyanasundarapuram – GW 3

Karuppukatiyenthal - GW 4

Kallorani – GW5

Methodology Water Samples were collected in 5 Litre fresh cans as per IS 30

Part I and transported to the laboratory in Iceboxes

Frequency of Monitoring Once in a season



132

Sampling Procedure

Quality of ground water was compared with IS: 10500: 1991 (Reaffirmed 1993 With

Amendment NO -3 July 2010) for drinking purposes. Water samples were collected as Grab

sample from five sampling locations in a 5-liter plastic jerry can and 250 ml sterilized clean

glass/pet bottle for complete physico-chemical and bacteriological tests respectively. The samples

were analyzed as per standard procedure / method given in IS: 3025 (Revised Part) and standard

method for examination of water and wastewater Ed. 21st, published jointly by APHA.

Table 4-8: Standard Procedure

S.No Parameters Test Method

1 pH (at 25°C) IS:3025(P -11)1983 RA: 2012

2 Electrical Conductivity IS:3025(P -14) 2013

3 Colour IS:3025 (P -4)1983 RA: 2012

4 Turbidity IS:3025(P -10)1984 RA: 2012

5 Total Dissolved Solids APHA 22nd Edn.2012-2540-C

6 Total Suspended Solids IS:3025(P-17)-1984 RA:2012

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 APHA 22nd Edn.2012-2340-C

8 Calcium as Ca APHA 22nd Edn2012.3500 Ca-B

9 Magnesium as Mg APHA 22nd Edn.2012-3500 Mg-B

10 Chloride as Cl IS:3025(P -32)-1988 RA: 2014

11 Sulphate as SO4 APHA 22nd Edn.2012-4500 SO4--E

12 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 APHA 22nd Edn.2012-2320-B

13 Iron as Fe IS:3025(P -53):2003 RA: 2014

14 Silica as SiO2 IS:3025(P -35)1988 RA: 2014

15 Fluoride as F APHA 22nd Edn.2012-4500-F-D

16 Nitrate as NO3 IS:3025(P -34):1988 RA: 2014

17 Sodium as Na IS:3025(P -45):1993 RA: 2014

18 Potassium as K IS:3025(P -45):1993 RA: 2014

19 Coliform IS:1622:1981:RA:2014

20 E.coli IS:1622:1981:RA:2014



133

Figure 4.7 Ground Water Sampling Photos

Table 4-9 Ground water sampling results

S.no Parameters Units Project site GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW 5

1 pH (at 25°C) - 7.57 7.33 7.15 7.36 7.65

2 Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 857 432 2460 1684 1285

3 Colour

Hazen

Unit 1 1 1 1.0 1.0

4 Turbidity NTU

BQL

(LOQ:1)

BQL

(LOQ:1)

BQL

(LOQ:1)

BQL

(LOQ:1)

BQL

(LOQ:1)

5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 558 298 1520 1105 787

6 Total Suspended Solids mg/L BQL(LOQ:2) BQL(LOQ: BQL(LOQ:2)BQL(LOQ: BQL(LOQ:2)

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 377 159 857 612 257

8 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 194 69.5 572 388 139

9

Magnesium Hardness as

CaCO3 mg/L 183 89.5 285 224 118

10 Calcium as Ca mg/L 77.7 27.8 229 155 55.6

11 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 44.7 21.8 69.1 54.6 28.7

12 Chloride as Cl mg/L 132 27.4 396 279 56.7

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/L 60.3 11.6 199 62.5 66.8

14 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 140 217 422 385 774

15 Iron as Fe mg/L

BQL

(LOQ:0.1)

BQL

(LOQ:0.1)

BQL

(LOQ:0.1)

BQL

(LOQ:0.1)

BQL

(LOQ:0.1)

16 Silica as SiO2 mg/L 37.0 51.2 21.0 124 35.0

17 Fluoride as F mg/L BQL BQL BQL BQL BQL

Sundakottai village Kalyanasundarapuram

village

Kalloranai



134

(LOQ:0.2) (LOQ:0.2) (LOQ:0.2) (LOQ:0.2) (LOQ:0.2)

18 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 27.7 11.06 34.7 37.3 33.4

19 Potassium as K mg/L 9.0 3 25 18 8.0

20 Sodium as Na mg/L 83 14 296 144 38.4

21 E.coli mg/L <2 <2 <2 2 <2

22 Coliform mg/L 4 <2 <2 7 <2

4.9.6. Interpretation of results:

The results of the ground water quality are observed in which the pH limit fixed for drinking

water samples as per BIS 10500 (2012) Standards is 6.5 to 8.5 beyond this range the water will

affect the mucus membrane and or water supply system. During the study period, the pH

values of ground waters were found to be 7.15 to 7.65. The pH values for all the samples

collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the limits. The

requirement (Desirable Limit) of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is 500 mg/L whereas the

permissible limits in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/L as per BIS 10500 (2012)

standards, beyond this palatability decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation. In

ground water samples collected from the study area, the Total Dissolved Solids are varying

from 298 mg/L to 1520 mg/.The requirement of Chloride is 250 mg/L - 1000 mg/L as per

BIS 10500 (2012) Standards, beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected.

The Chloride levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging from

27.4 mg/L to 396 mg/L. All are within the desirable limits. The requirement of hardness is

300 mg/L - 600 mg/L as per BIS 10500 (2012) Standards, beyond this limit encrustation in

water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use will be observed. In the ground

water samples collected from the study area, the hardness is varying from 159 mg/L to 857

mg/L.

4.10 Climatology & Meteorology:

Climate and meteorology of a place can play an important role in the implementation of any

developmental project. Meteorology is also the key to understand local air quality as there is

an essential relationship between meteorology and atmospheric dispersion involving wind in

the broadest sense of the term.

The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:

Winter season : December to February

Pre-monsoon season : March to May

Monsoon season : June to September



135

Post-monsoon season : October to November

i) Climate

Like the rest of the state, Virudhunagar experiences hot weather between April and June and

is relatively cooler in December and January. The South-west monsoon, which begins in June

and lasts until August, brings little rain. Most of the rain is received during the North-east

monsoon in the months of October, November and December.

ii) Temperature

The average daily temperature ranges from a maximum of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) to a minimum

of 30 °C (86 °F).

iii) Rainfall:

The historical rainfall data of past years is collected. The maximum rainfall is observed in

November, 2015 with a rainfall of 1061.3 mm.

Table 4-10: Historical rainfall data of past 5 years

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F

2014 6.1 0 0.4 3.5 183.5 32.5 16 105 73.7 213.3 85 25.2

2015 11.9 0 17.9 158.7 137 44.2 21.9 69.6 128.1 79.2 274.9 59.1

2016 0 0 0.3 15.8 54.1 10.1 99.2 42.2 60.2 162.4 9.5 56.3

2017 32.7 0.5 88 12.8 76.5 39.7 34.9 156.5 176.3 167.3 50.3 68.9

2018 1.3 5.2 6.9 41.5 127.1 11.4 55.7 49 157.7 160.3 111 7.1

Source: IMD, GoI

iv) Relative humidity

The district enjoys a subtropical climate. The period from April to June is generally hot and

dry. The weather is pleasant during the period from November to January. Usually mornings

are more humid than afternoons. The relative humidity is on an average between 65 and 85%

in the mornings. Humidity in the afternoons is generally between 40 and 70.

v) Wind Speed:

Wind speed was in the range of 2 Km/hr to 20 Km/hr. The wind speed was almost close to

each other during the whole study period.



136

The site-specific meteorological data for the study period June to August 2021) is presented

below. The maximum and minimum values for all the parameters except wind speed and

wind direction are presented below.

Metrological Data

The meteorological data – Temperature, rainfall, Wind Speed, Wind direction are recorded

through AWS by setting it up in the site.

vi) Wind Rose Diagram

The wind rose denotes a class of diagrams designed to display the distribution of wind

direction at a given location over a period of time. Wind roses are also useful as they project a

large quantity of data in a simple graphical plot.

The wind speed & wind direction data are taken and wind rose is plotted for June to August

2021. The predominant wind direction is from W to E.

Figure 4.8 Windrose

4.10.1. Selection of Sampling Locations:

Four Monitoring locations along with the project site is selected based on Wind Direction &

Wind Speed. All the monitoring locations are chosen in the downwind direction.



137

4.11 Ambient Air Quality

Table 4-11: Selection of Sampling Location

Environmental Parameters: Ambient Air

Monitoring Period June to August 2021

Design Criteria The monitoring stations are selected based on factors like

topography/terrain, prevailing meteorological conditions

like predominant wind direction (June to August 2021),

etc, play a vital role in selection of air sampling stations.

Based on these criteria, 5 air sampling station were

selected in the area as shown below.

Monitoring Locations Location & Code Distance

(km)

Direction

Project Site -AAQ 1 - -

Sundakottai 1 km Downwind E

Kalyanasundarapuram 2.8km Downwind E

Karuppukatiyenthal 0.8 Km Crosswind N

Kallorani 1.6km Upwind W

Methodology Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) - Gravimetric (IS 518

Part 23:2006)

Particulate Matter PM2.5 - Gravimetric (Fine particul

matter)

Sulphur Dioxide - Calorimetric (West & Gaeke Method)

5182: Part 02: 2001)

Nitrogen Dioxide - Calorimetric (Modified Jacob & Hocheis

Method) (IS 5182: Part 06:2006)

Frequency of Monitoring 2 days in a week, 4 weeks in a month for 3 months in a season

4.10.2. Ambient Air Quality: Results & Discussion

The test results of the ambient air quality monitored in project site and other four locations is

summarized below

Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 1.29.5 Ha Draft EIA Report

Project Proponent Thiru.S.K. Subba Reddiar


138

Table 4-12Ambient Air Quality C

od

e

Lo

cati

on

PM 10 (µg/m3 ) PM 2.5 (µg/m3 ) SO2 (µg/m3 ) NOx (µg/m3 )

Min

Max

Avg

98 p

erce

nti

le

Min

Max

Avg

98 p

erce

nti

le

Min

Max

Avg

98 p

erce

nti

le

Min

Max

Avg

98 p

erce

nti

le

AAQ 1 Project Site 39 43 38.8 41 15 20 18 20 6 13 9 12 11 18 14 17

AAQ 2 Sundakottai 36 43 35.0 38 12 18 15 18 5 13 9 12 10 19 15 19

AAQ 3 Kalyanasundarapura 50 59 50 53 22 25 24 25 13 17 15 16 17 23 19 23

AAQ 4 Karuppukatiyenthal 40 45 44 48 18 23 21 23 8 15 12 15 14 20 17 20

AAQ 5 Kallorani 53 57 47 52 21 25 23 25 9 13 11 13 15 19 17 19

NAAQ Standards - Residentia

Area

100 (µg/m3 ) 60(µg/m3 ) 80 (µg/m3 ) 80 (µg/m3 )



139

Interpretation of ambient air quality:

To assess the impact, AAQ were monitored in project site and four locations in the downwind

direction.

Observation:

The Maximum value of PM10 (59 (µg/m3), PM 2.5(25 (µg/m3), SO2 (17 µg/m3), (NOx (23 (µg/m3) is

observed in Kalyanasundarapuram.

Inference:

The monitoring results for PM10, PM2.5, NOx was found to be high in Kalyanasundarapuram which

densely populated small rural area where there is no commercial development like industry, college,

etc. The only contributing factor to the higher values is due to the vehicular movement. In the absence

of vehicular movement, the values of PM10, PM2.5, NOx SO2 was found to be less.

The observed values are all well within the Standards prescribed by NAAQ.

Figure 4.9 Concentration of PM10 (µg/m3) in Study Area



140

Figure 4.10 Concentration of PM2.5 (µg/m3) in Study Area

Figure 4.11 Concentration of SOx (µg/m3) in Study Area



141

Figure 4.12 Concentration of NOx (µg/m3) in Study Area

4.12 Noise Environment:

Table 4-13 Noise Analysis

Environmental Parameters: Noise Analysis

Monitoring Period June - August 2021

Design Criteria Based on the Sensitivity of the area

Monitoring Locations Project Site – N1,

Sundakottai– N2,

Kalyanasundarapuram – N3,

Karuppukatiyenthal– N4

Kallorani– N5

Methodology Noise level measurements were taken at the selected

locations using noise level meter both during day and

night time. Noise level measurements were taken

continuously for 24 hours at hourly intervals

Frequency of Monitoring Noise samples were collected from 5 locations - Once in

a season



142

Figure 4.13 Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Photos

Ambient Noise Levels are monitored in the chosen 5 Locations including the project Site and the

monitoring results are summarized below

Day Noise Level (Leq day)

Table 4-14 Day Noise Level (Leq day)

Location Leq day in dB(A)

Max Min Average

Project Site 52 45 46

Sundakottai 51 43 47

Kalyanasundarapuram 54 50 52

Karuppukatiyenthal 51 47 49

Kallorani 54 41 46

Night Noise Level (Leq Night)

Table 4-15 Night Noise Level (Leq Night)

Location Leq Night in dB(A)

Max Min Average

Project Site 41 36 39

Sundakottai 41 35 38

Kalyanasundarapuram 45 40 43

Karuppukatiyenthal 45 38 42

Kallorani 46 38 42

Project Site Sundakottai



143

Observation:

The maximum Day noise and Night noise were found to be 54 dB(A)and 46 dB(A) respectively in

Kalyanasundarapuram and kallorani. The minimum Day Noise and Night noise were 41 dB(A)and 38

dB(A) respectively which was observed in Govt Sec School Kathalampatti.

Inference:

The maximum noise level were observed due to vehicular movement in SH 42. Monitored location is

very near to State highway connecting Aruppukottai – Sayalkudi.

The observed values are all well within the Standards prescribed by CPCB.

4.13 Soil Environment

Soil environment is studied for 5km radius from the project site. The 5 km radius image shows that

the soil is not affected by any kind of erosion



144

Figure 4.14 Soil Erosion pattern within 5 km radius of the project site

Figure 4.15 Soil Map of 5 km radius of the project site

4.13.1. Baseline Data:

The present study of the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics which will help in future

in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation Phase of the proposed project.

The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:

• To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics and

• To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.

Table 4-16 Soil Quality Analysis

Environmental Parameters: Soil Quality Analysis

Monitoring Period June - August 2021

Design Criteria Based on the environmental settings of th

study area



145

Monitoring Locations Project Site – SQ1,

Sundakottai – SQ 2,

Kalyanasundarapuram – SQ3,

Karuppukatiyentha – SQ 4

Kallorani – SQ5

Methodology Composite soil samples using sampli

augers and field capacity apparatus

Frequency of Monitoring Soil samples were collected from 5 locatio

Once in a season

To assess the soil quality of the study area, 5 monitoring stations were selected and the results are

summarized below

Table 4-17 Soil Quality Analysis

Parameters Unit SQ 1 SQ 2 SQ 3 SQ 4 SQ5

pH (at 25°C) - 7.52 7.89 8.05 7.28 7.81

Specific Electric

Conductivity

mS/cm 0.48

0.54 0.98 0.67 0.77

Water Holdi

Capacity

ml/l 3.80

3.40 3.40 7.20 3.00

Bulk Density mg/kg 1.1398 1.1386 1.1299 1.1590 1.1315

Calcium as Ca g/cm3 4.52 21.4 28.4 22.6 19.7

Sodium as Na mg/kg 152 162 198 368 144

Potassium as K mg/kg 8.50 8.96 14.2 18.2 6.50

Organic matter % 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.34 0.09

Magnesium as Mmg/kg BQL

(LOQ:10)

BQL

(LOQ:10)

BQL

(LOQ:10)

BQL

(LOQ:10)

BQL

(LOQ:10)

Total Nitrogen % 0.04 0.03 0.025 0.03 0.024

Available

Phosphorous

mg/kg 205

220 240 251 210

Sand % 55.1 53.0 58.0 25.0 54.0

Clay % 23.4 21.0 18.0 60.5 16.0

Silt % 21.5 26.0 24.0 14.5 30.0

Cation exchan

capacity

meg/100g 7.89

8.96 8.98 12.4 8.40

SAR meg/kg 9.87 7.90 7.95 16.9 7.60

Silicon % 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90



146

Chloride Meq/kg 59.6 68.4 33.8 38.2 24.9

Total Solu

Sulphates

mg/kg 189

260 276 195 239

Zinc mg/kg 19.2 20.5 21.3 18.4 19.8

Physical Properties:

Regular cultivation practices increase the bulk density of soils thus inducing compaction. This

results in reduction in water percolation rate and penetration of roots through soils. The soils with low

bulk density have favorable physical conditions whereas those with high bulk density exhibit poor

physical conditions for agriculture crops. The bulk density of the soil in the study area ranged between

1.1299 to 1.1590 g/cc which indicates favorable physical condition for plant growth. The water holding

capacity was found in the range of 3.0 ml/l to 7.20 ml/l.

Chemical Properties:

Chemical characteristics of soils include pH, exchangeable cations and fertility status in the form of

NPK values and organic matter. The value of the pH is slightly alkaline and it ranges from 7.46 to 8.05.

The soil in the project site is sodic in nature, which challenges because they tend to have very poor

structure which limits or prevents water infiltration and drainage. The organic matter varies from 0.08

to 0.34 mg/kg, which indicates the soil is slightly unfertile.

4.14 Ecology and Biodiversity

Ecology and Biodiversity is studied for 5 km radius around the project site. Project site and 2 km

around the project site is considered as core zone and from 2 km to 5 km radius, it is considered as

buffer zone.

• Primary field survey is carried out for the assessment of flora and fauna in the core zone

• Secondary data from Journals/Literature were studied and compiled to understand the species

present in the buffer zone

4.14.1. Methods available for floral analysis:

Plot Sampling Methods

➢ Quadrat – 2D shape (e.g. square or rectangle, or other shape) used as a sampling unit

➢ Transect

o Line transects feature only a length dimension, usually defined by a tape stretched across the area

to be sampled.

o Belt transects have a width as well as length.

o Pace-transects are established when the observer strides along an imaginary line across the sample

site, and uses their foot placement to determine specific sampling points.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_infiltration



147

Plot less Sampling Methods

➢ Closest individual method - Distance is measured from each random point to the nearest

individual.

➢ Nearest neighbour method - Distance is measured from an individual to its nearest neighbour.

➢ Random pairs method - Distance is measured from one individual to another on the opposite side

of the sample point.

➢ Point-centered quarter (PCQ) method - Distance is measured from the sampling point to the

nearest individual in each quadrat.

4.14.2. Field study& Methodology adopted:

To assess the suitability of the methodology, random field survey was done. Field survey was

conducted around 2 km radius from the project site and five locations were chosen based on the species

density. Quadrat method is chosen for the proposed study as compared to other sampling methods,

because they are relatively simple to use. Quadrat plots are uniform in size and shape and distributed

randomly throughout the sample area, which makes the study design straightforward. They are also one

of the most affordable techniques because they require very few materials.

Table 4-18 Field study

S. No Location No of Quadrates

Trees

(10m x 10m)

Shrubs

(5m x 5m)

Herbs & grasse

(1m x 1m)

1. Project site 1 4 5

2. Sundakottai 1 4 5

3. Kalyanasundarapuram 1 4 5

4. Karuppukatiyenthal 1 4 5

5. Kallorani 1 4 5

4.14.3. Study outcome:

Phyto sociological parameters, such as Density, Frequency, Basal Area, Abundance and Importance

Value Index of individual species (Trees) were determined in randomly placed quadrate of different sizes

in the study area. Relative frequency, relative basal area and relative density were calculated and the

sum of these three represented Importance Value Index (IVI) for various species. For shrubs, herbs and

grasses, Density, Frequency, Relative Density & Relative Frequency were found.

Sample plots were selected in such a way to get maximum representation of different types of

vegetation and plots were laid out in different part of the study area of 2 km radius. Analysis of the

vegetation will help in determining the relative importance of each species in the study area and to

reveal if any economically valuable species is threatened in the process.



148

Table 4-19 Calculation of Density, Frequency (%), Dominance, Relative Density, Relative

Frequency, Relative Dominance & Important Value Index

Parameters Formula

Density Total No. of individuals of species/ Total No. of Quadrats used in sampling

Frequency (%) (Total No. of Quadrats in which species occur/ Total No. of Quadrats studied)

100

Dominance Total Basal Area /Total area sampled

Abundance Total No. of individuals of species/ No. of Quadrats in which they occur

Relative Density (Total No. of individuals of species/Sum of all individuals of all species) * 100

Relative Frequency (Total No. of Quadrats in which species occur/ Total No. of Quadrats occupied

by all species) * 100

Relative Dominance Dominance of a given species/Total Dominance of all species

Important Value Index Relative Density + Relative Frequency + Relative Dominance

Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 1.29.5 Ha Final EIA Report Project Proponent Thiru. S.K. Subba Reddiar


149

Table 4-20 Tree Species in the core Zone

S.

No

.

Sci

enti

fic

Nam

e

Lo

cal

Nam

e

To

tal

No

. o

f sp

ecie

s

To

tal

of

Qu

ad

ran

ts w

ith

sp

ec

To

tal

No

. o

f Q

uad

ran

ts

Den

sity

Fre

qu

ency

(%

)

Abu

nd

an

ce

Do

min

an

ce

Rel

ati

ve

Den

sity

Rel

ati

ve

Fre

qu

ency

Rel

ati

ve

Do

min

an

ce

IVI

IUC

N C

on

serv

ati

on

Sta

tu

1 Azadirachtaindica Vaepam 8 6 6 1.33 100.00 1.33 0.28 33.33 35.29 14.05 82.67

Least

Concern

2 Mangiferaindica Mamaram 4 2 6 0.67 33.33 2 0.07 16.67 11.76 3.51 31.94

Data

deficient

3 Cocosnucifera Thennai 3 2 6 0.50 33.33 1.5 0.28 12.50 11.76 14.05 38.31 Not listed

4 Morindatinctoria Nuna 4 3 6 0.67 50.00 1.33 0.50 16.67 17.65 24.97 59.28 Not listed

5 Pithecellobiumdulcekodukkai 2 2 6 0.33 33.33 1 0.44 8.33 11.76 21.95 42.04

Least

Concern

6 Alstoniascholaris Elilaipalai 1 1 6 0.17 16.67 1 0.27 4.17 5.88 13.58 23.63

Least

Concern

7 Ficusreligiosa Arasamaram 2 1 6 0.33 16.67 2 0.16 8.33 5.88 7.90 22.12 Not listed

Total 24 17 2.01



150

Table 4-21 Shrubs in the Core Zone S

. N

o.

Sci

enti

fic

Nam

e

Lo

cal

Nam

e

To

tal

No

. o

f sp

ecie

s

To

tal

of

Qu

ad

ran

ts

w

spec

ies

To

tal

No

. o

f Q

uad

ran

ts

Den

sity

Fre

qu

ency

(%

)

Ab

un

dan

ce

Rel

ati

ve

Den

sity

Rel

ati

ve

Fre

qu

ency

IUC

N C

on

serv

ati

on

Sta

t

1 Triumfettarotundifolia Atayotti 26 17 24 1.08 0.71 1.529412 15.95 20.24 Not Listed

2 Zizyphusnummularia korgodi 11 3 24 0.46 0.13 3.666667 6.75 3.57 Not Listed

3 Stachytarphetaindica Seemainaayuru18 5 24 0.75 0.21 3.6 11.04 5.95 Not Listed

4 Cissusquadrangularis Pirandai 8 6 24 0.33 0.25 1.333333 4.91 7.14 Not Listed

5 Calotropisgigantea Erukam 10 12 24 0.42 0.50 0.833333 6.13 14.29 Not Listed

6 Lawsoniainermis Marudhani 15 9 24 0.63 0.38 1.67 9.20 10.71 Not Listed

7 Euphorbia geniculata

Amman

Pacharisi 4 3 24 0.17 0.13 1.333333 2.45 3.57

Not Listed

8 Acalyphaindica Kuppaimeni 21 8 24 0.88 0.33 2.625 12.88 9.52 Not Listed

9 Prosopsisjuliflora Karuvelam 50 21 24 2.08 0.88 2.38 30.67 25.00 Not Listed

Table 4-22 Herbs & Grasses in the core zone

S.

No

.

Sci

enti

fic

Nam

e

Lo

cal

Nam

e

To

tal

No

. o

f sp

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1 Cleome felina Thaivelai 5 3 30 0.17 0.10 1.666667 2.44 3.37 Not Listed



151

2 Sidaacuta Malaidangi 12 3 30 0.40 0.10 4 5.85 3.37 Not Listed

3 Abutilon indicum Thuthikeerai 15 7 30 0.50 0.23 2.142857 7.32 7.87 Not Listed

4 Tribulusterrestris Nerunji mull 4 2 30 0.13 0.07 2 1.95 2.25 Not Listed

5 CardiospermumhalicacabumKotravan 8 6 30 0.27 0.20 1.333333 3.90 6.74 Least concern

6 Aeschynomeneaspera Netti 45 4 30 1.50 0.13 11.25 21.95 4.49 Least concern

7 Alysicarpusmonilifer Kaasukkodi 6 5 30 0.20 0.17 1.2 2.93 5.62 Not Listed

8 Indigoferaenneaphylla Seruppunerunji 20 10 30 0.67 0.33 2 9.76 11.24 Not Listed

9 Oldenlandiaumbellata Chayaver 15 11 30 0.50 0.37 1.363636 7.32 12.36 Not Listed

10 Euphorbia hirta Amman Pacharisi5 4 30 0.17 0.13 1.25 2.44 4.49 Not Listed

11 Tridaxprocumbens Vettukaayathalai 5 4 30 0.17 0.13 1.25 2.44 4.49 Not Listed

12 Partheniumhysterophorus Vishapoondu 20 4 30 0.67 0.13 5 9.76 4.49 Not Listed

13 Sidacordifolia Maanikham 30 22 30 1.00 0.73 1.363636 14.63 24.72 Not Listed

15 Tridaxprocumbens Cuminipachai 15 4 30 0.50 0.13 3.75 7.32 4.49 Not Listed



152


Margalef:

Biodiversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different type of species,

there are in a dataset, and simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic entities (such

as individuals) are distributed among those types of species. The value of biodiversity index

increases both when the number of types increases and when evenness increases. For a given

number of type of species, the value of a biodiversity index is maximized when all type of species

are equally abundant. Interpretation of Vegetation results in the study area is given below.

Table 4-23 Calculation of species diversity

Description Formula

Species diversity – Shannon – Wien

Index

H=(pi)*ln(pi)]

Where pi : Proportion of total sample represented by species

i:number of individuals of species i/ total number

samples

Evenness H/Hmax

Hmax = ln(s)= maximum diversity possible

S=No. of species

Species Richness by Margalef

RI = S-1/ln N

Where S = Total Number of species in the community

N = Total Number of individuals of all species in th

community


Margalef for trees

i. Species Diversity

S. No. Scientific Name Common NameNo.

Species Pi ln (Pi) Pi x ln (Pi)

1 Azadirachtaindica Vaepam 8 0.333333 -1.09861 -0.3662

2 Mangiferaindica Mamaram 4 0.166667 -1.79176 -0.29863

3 Cocosnucifera Thennai 3 0.125 -2.07944 -0.25993

4 Morindatinctoria Nuna 4 0.166667 -1.79176 -0.29863

5 Pithecellobiumdulce Kodukkai 2 0.083333 -2.48491 -0.20708

6 Alstoniascholaris Elilaipalai 1 0.041667 -3.17805 -0.13242

7 Ficusreligiosa Arasamaram 2 0.083333 -2.48491 -0.20708

Total 24 -1.76

H (Shannon Diversity Index) =1.76



153

Shrubs

S. No Scientific Name Common Name No. of

Species Pi ln (Pi) Pi x ln (Pi)

1 Triumfettarotundifolia Atayotti 26 0.159509 -1.83565 -0.2928

2 Zizyphusnummularia korgodi 11 0.067485 -2.69585 -0.18193

3 Stachytarphetaindica Seemainaayuruvi 18 0.110429 -2.20338 -0.24332

4 Cissusquadrangulari Pirandai 8 0.04908 -3.01431 -0.14794

5 Calotropisgigantea Erukam 10 0.06135 -2.79117 -0.17124

6 Lawsoniainermis Marudhani 15 0.092025 -2.3857 -0.21954

7 Euphorbia geniculata Amman Pacharisi 4 0.02454 -3.70746 -0.09098

8 Acalyphaindica Kuppaimeni 21 0.128834 -2.04923 -0.26401

9 Prosopsisjuliflora Karuvelam 50 0.306748 -1.18173 -0.36249

Total 163 -1.97


Herbs

S. No.Scientific Name Common Name No. of SpeciesPi ln (Pi) Pi x ln (Pi)

1 Cleome felina Thaivelai 5 0.02439 -3.71357 -0.09057

2 Sidaacuta Malaidangi 12 0.058537 -2.8381 -0.16613

3 Abutilon indicum Thuthikeerai 15 0.073171 -2.61496 -0.19134

4 Tribulusterrestris Nerunji mull 4 0.019512 -3.93672 -0.07681

5 cardiospermumhalicacabumKotravan 8 0.039024 -3.24357 -0.12658

6 Aeschynomeneaspera Netti 45 0.219512 -1.51635 -0.33286

7 Alysicarpusmonilifer Kaasukkodi 6 0.029268 -3.53125 -0.10335

8 Indigoferaenneaphylla Seruppunerunji 20 0.097561 -2.32728 -0.22705

9 Oldenlandiaumbellata Chayaver 15 0.073171 -2.61496 -0.19134

10 Euphorbia hirta Amman Pacharis5 0.02439 -3.71357 -0.09057

11 Tridaxprocumbens Vettukaayathalai 5 0.02439 -3.71357 -0.09057

12 Partheniumhysterophorus Vishapoondu 20 0.097561 -2.32728 -0.22705

13 Sidacordifolia Maanikham 30 0.146341 -1.92181 -0.28124

14 Tridaxprocumbens Cuminipachai 15 0.073171 -2.61496 -0.19134

Total 205 -2.39


i. Evenness

Details H Hmax Evenness Species Richn

(Margalef)

Trees 1.76 1.94 0.91 1.88

Shrubs 1.97 2.19 0.89 1.57



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Herbs 2.39 2.63 0.91 2.44

From the above, it can be interpreted that herb community has higher diversity. While the

tree community shows less diversity. It is also observed that most of the quadrates have

controlled generation of plant species with older strands. Higher herb species diversity can be

interpreted as a greater number of successful species and a more stable ecosystem where more

ecological niches are available, environmental change is less likely to be damaging to the

ecosystem as a whole. Species richness is high for herb community when compared with tree and

shrubs.

4.14.6. Frequency Pattern

To understand the frequency pattern, the observed frequency is compared with the

Raunkiaer’s frequency. Any deviation from Raunkiaer’s frequency implies disturbed community.

Classes of species in a community and normal value of class according to Raunkiaer

Table 4-24 Frequency Pattern

Class Frequency (%) Normal Value in the class

A 1-20 53

B 21-40 14

C 41-60 9

D 61-80 8

E 81-100 16

Where A>B>C>=<D<E

Raunkiaer’s class for the observed species

S. No Scientific Name Local Name Frequency (%)Class as per Raunkiaer’s

Law

1. Azadirachtaindica Vaepam 100.00 E

2. Mangiferaindica Mamaram 33.33 B

3. Cocosnucifera Thennai 33.33 B

4. Morindatinctoria Nuna 50.00 C

5. Pithecellobiumdulce kodukkai 33.33 B

6. Alstoniascholaris Elilaipalai 16.67 A

7. Ficusreligiosa Arasamaram 16.67 A



155

Figure 4.16 Raunkiaer’s class for the observed species

Interpretation: Interpretation: The observed frequency is A<B>C>D<E, which does not follow

Raunkiaer’s Distribution Frequency and hence the ecology is disturbed.

4.14.7. Floral study in the Buffer Zone:

Economically important Flora of the study area

Agricultural crops: Paddy, Maize are the main crop grown. Different fruits like Banana, papaya,

mangoes, guava and vegetables like brinjal, drumsticks, onion, Coriander also grown by the local

people.

Medicinal species: The nearby area is also endowed with the several medicinal species which are

commonly available in the shrub forest and waste lands. The common medicinal species of the

region are Asparagus racemosus (satamulli), Aegle marmelos (golden apple), Azadirachta indica

(Neem) etc.

Rare and endangered floral species: There are no rare or endangered or threatened (RET)

species of in the study area. During the vegetation survey, there are no any species which are

endangered or threatened under IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and

Natural resources) guidelines.

4.14.8. Faunal Communities

Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna.

• Point Survey Method: Observations were made in each site for 15 minutes duration.

• Road Side Counts: The observer traveled by motor vehicles from site to site, all sightings

were recorded (this was done both in the day and night time). An index of abundance of each

species was also established.



156

• Pellet and Track Counts: All possible animal tracks and pellets were identified and recorded

(South Wood, 1978).

Additionally, survey of relevant literature was also done to consolidate the list of fauna

distributed in the buffer zone.

Based on the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (WPA 1972, Anonymous. 1991, Upadhyay 1995,

Chaturvedi and Chaturvedi 1996) species were short-listed as Schedule II or I and considered

herein as endangered species. Species listed in Ghosh (1994) are considered as Indian Red List

species.

Methodology Adopted:

Point Survey method was adopted for this development project where observations were

made in each site for 15 minutes duration (10 times).

Study in the core zone:

Point Survey method was adopted for the study within 2 km radius and the following species

were observed

Study in the core Zone

Mammals: No wild mammalian species was directly sighted during the field survey. Discussion

with local villagers located around the study area also could not confirm presence of any wild

animal in that area. Three stripped Palm Squirrel, Common Indian Hare, Common mongoose,

Common Mouse etc were observed during primary survey.

Avifauna: Since birds are considered to be the indicators for monitoring and understanding

human impacts on ecological systems (Lawton, 1996) attempt was made to gather quantitative

data on the avifauna by walk through survey within the entire study area and surrounding areas.

From the primary survey, a total of 26 species of avifauna were identified and recorded in the

study area. The diversity of avifauna from this region was found to be quite high and

encouraging.

The list of fauna species found in the study area is mentioned in Table below.

Table 4-25 list of fauna species

Scientific Name Common Name Schedule of wild l

protection act

IUCN conservati

status

Mammals

Funambulus penna Palm Squirrel IV Least Concern

Mus rattus Indian rat IV Not listed

Bandicota bengalenIndian mole rat IV Least Concern

Funambulus

palmarum

Three stripped pa

squirrel

IV Least Concern

Herestes edwardsii Common Mangoose IV Not listed

Mus musculus Common Mouse IV Least Concern

Bandicota indica Rat IV Least Concern



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Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare IV Least Concern

Felis catus Cat Not listed Not listed

Canis lupus familia Indian dog Not listed Not listed

Bos Indicus Indian Cow Not listed Not listed

Bubalus bubalis Buffalo I Not listed

Sus scrofa domesticDomestic pig Not listed Not listed

Birds

Milvus migrans Black kite IV Least concern

Saxicoloides fulicatuIndian Robin IV Least concern

Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul IV Least concern

Phragamaticola

aedon

Thick billed warbler IV Least concern

Pericrocotus

cinnamomeus

Small Minivet IV Least concern

Eudynamys

scolopaceus

Koel IV Least concern

Psittacula krameni Rose ringed parakeet IV Least concern

Dicrurus marcocercBlack drongo IV Least concern

Columba livia Rock pigeon IV Least concern

Corvus splendens House crow IV Least concern

Alcedo atthis Small blue kingfisher IV Least concern

Cuculus canorus Common Cukoo IV Least concern

Reptiles & Amphibians

Chameleon

zeylanicum

Chameleon IV Not listed

Calotes versicolor Common garden lizardII Not listed

Bungarus caeruleus Common krait IV Not listed

Ophisops

leschenaultia

Snake eyed lizard -- Not listed

Bufo melanostictus Toad IV Least concern

Ptyas mucosa Rat snakes IV Least concern

Hemidactylus sp. House lizard -- Not listed

Butterflies

Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger -- Not listed

Papilio demoleus Common lime -- Not listed

Euploea core Common crow -- Least concern

Danaus genutia Common tiger -- Not listed

Eurema brigitta Small grass yellow -- Least concern



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4.15 Demography and Socio Economics

The demography survey study is done within 10km from the project site. The population,

Household, Sex ratio, Literacy rate, SC, ST details for all the villages in the study area is listed

below:

Table 4-26: Demography Survey study

Villages PopulationHouseholdsSex Ratio Literacy Rate SC Male Female Male Female

Kalyanasundarapuram 240 63 108 132 79 87 0

Kallumadam 1934 338 987 947 799 631 47

Erasinnampatti 373 98 176 197 141 135 1

Parattanatham 93 23 41 52 31 30 0

Thammanaickenpatti 404 100 211 193 156 101 12

Vedanatham 681 171 352 329 296 207 9

Silukkapatti 516 126 254 262 180 149 283

Aladipatti 2811 708 1433 1378 1085 828 40

Veppilaiseri 57 20 30 27 0 0 0

Bommakottai 815 252 399 416 322 320 17

Karuppukkattiyendal 43 19 20 23 0 0 0

Kallorani 2798 865 1416 1382 1203 1022 427

Savaspuram 1800 500 887 913 698 568 257

Kullampatti 855 196 431 424 369 307 11

Muthuramalingapuram 1591 458 820 771 745 667 2

Narthampatti 1036 280 509 527 414 402 475

Sundakottai 95 35 45 55 0 0 0

Keelakandamangalam 356 80 184 172 127 87 146

Chittalakundu 1132 288 583 549 425 259 0

Kulasekaranallur 2820 729 1408 1412 1086 804 326

Mangulam 310 83 156 154 122 107 0

Melakandamangalam 2111 544 1098 1013 855 687 256

Kurunaikulam 641 185 329 312 247 195 221

Konganakurichi 575 174 282 293 222 192 107

Source: Census of India, 2011

Occupation: Virudhunagar is a marketing and service town for the surrounding areas. It also one

of the important Industrial districts followed by Coimbatore and Salem. Many kinds of spices and

edible oils are manufactured for national and International Markets. Apart from service sector,

the rest of the workforce is employed in agriculture, mining, quarrying, raising livestock,



159

manufacturing, construction, trade and commerce. There is little agricultural activity in the town

on account of weather and irrigation facilities and the town has a set of oil mills and match

factories within the town limits. The agricultural output of the town is limited because the local

geography and unfavourable climate for growing crops. Virudhunagar is famous for Commission

Marketing's of all Kinds of Millets, Cotton, Edible Oils.

Industrial details in the district is listed below:

Small Scale Industries: 2776 8.

Cottage Industries: 1397

Name of the Important Industries in the District

i. Madras Cements, Thulukkapatti.

ii. Tamilnadu Cements, Alangulam.

iii. Tamilnadu Asbestos, Alangulam.

iv. Ginning, Spinning & Weaving Mills, Rajapalayam , Aruppukottai

v. Match factories at Sivakasi, Sattur, Vembakottai Taluks

vi. Fireworks at Sivakasi, Sattur, Vembakottai

vii. Off-set Printing Presses at Sivakasi

viii. Bolts and Nuts (T.V.S.) Aaviyur.

The major occupation during field survey is observed to be fire cracker manufacturer and seller.

The same activity is observed till Meenampatti which is located at 5km distance from the project

site in Northwestern direction.

Source: District Handbook – 2018-2019

4.15.1. Socio-economic survey methodology

Purposive sampling methods were used for selecting respondents (male and female) for

household survey. For official information of village, Gram Panchyat member has been chosen.

Structured questionnaire was used for survey. For group discussion, Panchyat bhavan,

Aanganwadi bhavan, community halls were used. Household survey & group discussion. Out of

total 20 villages, 5 villages (25%) were surveyed. 25 households were surveyed in each village and

the collective response are summarized below

4.15.2. Salient features in the study area:

House pattern: Types of housing varied from thatched to pucca (pakka) houses 30% houses

were in pucca (pakka) form, 20% in semi pakka and 40% houses were observed in kaccha form

Employment: Main occupation in the study area was printing, fire crackers, matchbox

manufacturing. During field survey, it was ensured that no child was employed in the above-

mentioned industrial activities and FGD were conducted with the local people to emphasize the



160

importance of child education and reinforcing that the children below 18 years should not

engaged in work as per Child Labour Act

Fuel: The primary sources of cooking fuel were LPG, kerosene Stove etc

Main crops: In virudhunagar District the major Horticulture crops grown are Mango,

Guava, Banana, Amla, Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi, Onion, coriander, Chillies, flowers like jasmine,

Arali, Tuberose etc., In total about 13590 ha of area covered by various Horticulture crops in this

district.

Migration to other states: As there are ample opportunities for the local people to get

employed in the study area, people engage themselves in the small scale or cottage industries or

set up their own business. Hence, no unskilled people are migrated to other states. As well as,

during field survey, it is observed that Graduated persons migrated to urban area in search of

Employment for betterment of livelihood

Language: Tamil, Telugu and Kannada speaking people were observed during the site visit.

But majority of the people speaks Tamil Language

Sanitation: Toilet facility is one of the most basic facilities required in a house. It was

observed that more than 80% of the households were having toilet facilities in their houses.

Drinking water Facilities: During the survey it was observed diverse sources of drinking

water supply in villages. Major source of drinking water in the study area were hand pumps, tap

water, Bore well, dug wells. During survey, people from some villages in core zone reported

Water Quality is good and there is a scarcity of water.

Education facilities: Most of the villages had education facilities in the form of aanganwadi

and primary schools. Higher education facilities were available in the range of 3-5 km. Colleges

and other diploma courses were available at Sivakasi, virudhunagar.

4.15.3. Other Infrastructural Facilities Available in the District

(Source: District Handbook – 2018-2019)

Drinking Water facility: The project falls under Aruppukottai Block

Source of water in Aruppukottai Block: Canals, Wells, Tube wells, Tanks, Borewell

Wells: In Virudhunagar District, the total number of wells used for irrigation purpose is 24252

Tank: 997 Tanks are there in Virudhunagar District

Tube wells: 76 Tube wells are available

River: The Rivers flowing through the Virudhunagar District includes Vaippar, Seevalaperi,

Gundar, Arjuna Nathi, Girudhuammal

The communication details of the district is furnished below

Telephone:

➢ No. of Telephones in use : 31070

➢ No.of Telephones Exchanges : 64

➢ No.of Public calls with STD /ISD : 351

Post Office: 281 POs are there in the Virudhunagar District



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Transport Facility of the District:

Railway Stations: 11

Registered Motor Vehicles

Commercial – 739 Nos.

Non-Commercial – 11234 Nos.

Banking Sector: 353 Cooperative Societies & Banks are available in the District.

4.16 Traffic Impact Assessment

Traffic data collected continuously for 24 hours by visual observation and counting of vehicles

under three categories, viz., heavy motor vehicles, light motor vehicles and two/three wheelers.

As traffic densities on the roads are high, two skilled persons were deployed simultaneously at

each station during each shift- one person on each of the two directions for counting the traffic.

At the end of each hour, fresh counting and recording was undertaken. Total numbers of vehicles

per hour under the three categories were determined.

Figure 4.17 Route connectivity Map

Table 4-27: No. of Vehicles per Day

S. NoVehicles Distribut Number of Vehicles

Distribution/Day

Passenger Car

Unit (PCU)

Total Number of Vehicle i

PCU

NH-45B - NH-45C

1 Cars 2000 1 2000

2 Buses 500 3 1500

3 Trucks 550 3 1650

4 Two wheelers 900 0.5 450

5 Three wheelers 600 1.5 950

Total 4550 - 6550

Table 4-28:: Existing Traffic Scenario and LOS

Road V (Volume in

PCU/hr)

C (Capacity in PCU/ Existing V/C Ratio LOS

NH45B 6550/24= 272 0.36 B

Note: The existing level may be “Very Good” for NH-45C.

V/C LOS Performance

0.0-0.2 A Excellent

0.2-0.4 B Very Good



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0.4-0.6 C Good/ Average/ Fair

0.6-0.8 D Poor

0.8-1.0 E Very Poor

Project Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry- 1.29.5 Final EIA Report Project Proponent Thiru.S.K. Subba Reddiar


163

5. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

This chapter describes the anticipated impacts on the environment and mitigation

measures. The method of assessment of impacts including studies carried out, modeling

techniques adopted to assess the impacts where pertinent should be elaborated in this

chapter. It should give the details of the impacts on the baseline parameters, both during the

construction and operational phases and suggests the mitigation measures to be implemented

by the proponent.

5.1 Introduction

An environmental impact is defined as any change to the environment, whether adverse

or beneficial, resulting from a facility's activities, products, or services. The anticipation of

the possible & potential Environmental impact due to the proposed project is a key step in

EIA. Based on the impacts assessed, appropriate mitigation measures should be adopted to

maintain the environment with less or no damage.

Environmental Impacts can be group into Primary impacts & Secondary Impacts

Primary Impacts: These impacts are directly attributed by the project

Secondary Impacts: These are those which are induced by primary impacts and include the

associated investments and changed patterns of the social and economic activities by the

action.

Assessment of impacts is done for the following Environmental Parameters:

➢ Land Environment

➢ Water Environment

➢ Air Environment

➢ Noise Environment

➢ Biological Environment

➢ Socio Economic Environment


Project Proponent Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar


164

5.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT:

Aspect Impact Mitigation Measures

Mining of rough stone

The proposed 1.29.5 Ha mine in sundakottai village

mines of rough stone and gravel of 94318 m3 and

47,640 m3 respectively. The quarry operation is

proposed to carry out with conventional open cast

semi mechanized mining with 6.0-meter vertical

bench and bench width of 5.0 meter. At the end of 5

years, mining lease area will be converted into

ultimate pit of

1. 99 m x 49 m x 31 m depth

2. 81 m x 38 m x 31 m depth

3.55 m x 14 m x 5 m depth

This may lead to soil erosion, degradation and resourc

loss.

The main impact of open cast mining on land-use

land degradation. The land is bound to be excavated

for mining of Rough Stone & Gravel Quarry.

The proposed project site is not prone to any

kind of soil erosion (Source: Bhuvan).

In addition, garland drainage of 1m x 1m

will be provided to avoid storm water run-

off.

It is proposed to plant 250 Nos of local

tree species (Neem, Magizham, Tamarind,

Elandhai and Vilvam) along the roads, outer

periphery of the mining area which enhances

the binding property of the soil.

It is proposed to improve the affected land

wherever possible for better land use, so as to

support vegetation and creation of water

reservoir in the ultimate pit after quarrying.

The overburden (Topsoil) will be stocked in

the area allotted forsafety distance and will

be used for plantation.




165

Impact on soil of the study area will be minimal as

there are no wastewater generated, heavy metal

infusion, stack emissions.

Impact due to transformation of terrain

characteristics over the large area results in soil

degradation.

Solid waste will be generated from the mining

activity as there will be refuse also generation of

domestic waste. If it not properly managed, may

cause odor and health problem to the workers.

The source of dust generation is majorly due

to drilling, blasting, loading & unloading of

the mined out mineral, the impact will be

mitigated by water sprinkling regularly once

in 3hrs.

The proposed mining activity is carried out

in almost plain terrain where the contour

level difference is 4m.

After removal of minerals, undulating

portion will be created. Excavated area or

ultimate pit at the end of the mine period will

be converted into water reservoir. Two tier

tree belts will be planted along the safety

distance.

The 100% recovery is achieved by extracting

the entire mineable reserve. Hence there will

be no refuse generation due to the mining

activity. Apart from that, a very meagre

quantity of domestic waste will be generated

in the project, which will be handed over to

the local body on daily basis.




166

5.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT:


Drilling, Blasting, Loading and

unloading, Transportation

the excavated mineral.

The mining in the area may cause ground water

contamination due to intersection of the water

table and mine runoff.

The ground water depletion may occur due to

mining activity

Chemicals consisting of nitrate used for blasting

may pollute the surface run off.

The water table will not be intersected during

mining, as the ultimate depth is limited

upto31 meter below the ground level, whereas

the ground water table is at 60m below the

ground level. The municipal wastewater will

be disposed into septic tanks of 5 cum and

soak pit. No chemicals consisting of toxic

elements will be used for carrying out mining

activity.

The ground water table is at a depth of 60m

BGL, the mining operation will not affect the

aquifer. The ultimate pit at the end of the

mining operation will be used for rain water

storage, the stored water will be used for

green belt development and further the stored

water will be used for domestic purposes

(other than drinking)after proper treatment.

Further, the run-off water will be stored in

sumps and after proper treatment; water will

be used in the mining operation for dust

suppression.




167

Improper management of Domestic wastewater in

the Mine lease may create unhygienic conditions

in the site thereby causing health impacts to the

labors

Provision of urinals/Latrines along with

septic tank followed by soak pit arrangement

will be provided in the Mine Lease area for

the proper management of wastewater

5.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT:


Drilling, Blasting, Loading an

unloading, Transportation

the excavated mineral.

Impacts during Operation Phase

During mining operation, fugitive dust and other

air pollutants like particulate matter (PM10 & PM

2.5) will be generated.

The main source of pollutants arises due to drilling

and blasting. 1 No of Tipper will be used for

loading and unloading, 1 No of Excavator(0.90 m3

bucket capacity(with rock breaker attachment) will

be used for excavation of the mineral which

contributes to the generation of fugitive dust. In

addition, blasting will be done using explosives

leading to the generation of dust.

Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase

It is proposed to plant 250 Nos of local

species (with 50 Nos each year) along the

haul roads, outer periphery within the lease

area to prevent the impact of dust in

consultation with Forest department for the

plantation of trees (Neem, Magizham,

Tamarind, Elandhai and Vilvam) in two tier

to combat air pollutionand with herbs

(Nerium) in between the tree species.

Planning transportation routes of the mined

out mineral, so as to reach the nearest paved

roads (an approach road) by shortest route

connecting to SH187.

Alternatively, graveled road may be

constructed between mine lease area and

nearest paved road connectivity. The speed

of trucks plying on the haul road will be




168

Effect on Human

• Adverse effect on human health of workin

labourers and neighboring villagers like effect on

breathing and respiratory system, damage to lun

tissue, influenza or asthma.

• Dust generation due to loading and unloadin

of mineral and due to transportation can also affec

the workers as well as nearby villagers.

Effect on Plants

• Stomatal index may be minimized due to du

deposit on leaf.

limited to 20km/hr to avoid generation of

dust.

The trucks will be covered by tarpaulin.

Overloading will be avoided.

Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) like ey

goggles, dust mask, leather gloves, safe

shoes &boots will be provided to the worker

engaged at dust generation points like excavation

and loading points.

1 kLD of water will be proposed for sprinkling on

unpaved roads to avoid dust generation durin

transportation.

Air Quality Modeling:

The AERMOD is actually a modeling system with three separate components:

• AERMOD (AERMIC Dispersion Model),

• AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Preprocessor)

• AERMET (AERMOD Meteorological Preprocessor)

Special features of AERMOD include its ability to treat the vertical in homogeneity of the planetary boundary layer special

treatment of surface releases, irregularly shaped area sources, a plume model for the convective boundary layer, limitation of

vertical mixing in the stable boundary layer, and fixing the reflecting surface at the stack base.




169

The AERMET is the meteorological preprocessor for the AERMOD. Input data can come from hourly cloud cover

observations, surface meteorological observations and twice-a-day upper air soundings. Output includes surface meteorological

observations and parameters and vertical profiles of several atmospheric parameters.

The AERMAP is a terrain preprocessor designed to simplify and standardize the input of terrain data for the AERMOD. Input

data include receptor terrain elevation data. Output includes, for each receptor, location and height scale, which are elevations

used for the computation of airflow around hills.

Source Characterization

A detailed listing of all emission sources and their corresponding modelling input release parameters and emission rates is listed

this report. A general description of how each source type was treated is presented below.

The emission Sources from the proposed operation are

Point Sources:

Point sources for mining operations are typically include dust collectors, hot water heaters, and emergency generator(s). Since at

the present project the following sources are anticipated.

1. Hydraulic excavator – 0.90 Cum Bucket Capacity (with Rock Breaker Attachment)

2. Jack Hammer 30-32mm Dia

3. Tipper

4. Tractor Mounted - Compressor

5. Drilling and excavation with Accessories

The above machineries are adequate to meet out the simultaneous development and production schedule drawn out in this

mining plan.

Road Sources:

A road network was developed to depict the anticipated haul truck routes and truck discharge locations during the mine

operations. The anticipated emissions from the road sources and corresponding anticipated impact during the monitoring period

of january through March 2021 emissions were estimated. Emissions due to haul road and general plant traffic on the unpaved

road network were modelled as volume sources. The model volume source parameter for the haul roads initially utilized

USPEA developed emission factors for hauling trucking. The haul road sources utilized source to source spacing of 6 meters




170

along the simulated haul roads. The initial lateral dimension of the sources were set to 3 m were used as an input to replicated a

2 truck travel adjacent for a typical mining scenario.

The parameters considered for the hauling operation include the following

• size of haul trucks commonly used

• degree of dust control/compaction of permanent haul roads

Other fugitive particulate emission sources:

Other fugitive particulate emission sources that were modelled as volume sources include the following:

• Fugitive emissions from trucks unloading at the primary crusher were represented by a single volume source. The release

height was set to 0 meters (dump pocket is at grade level).

• Fugitive emissions due to wind erosion is not considered as the mining area is predominately rocky surface with minimal

wind erosion. If an wind erosion is anticipated to occur, it would be localized.

• Fugitive emissions from transfer points were represented by single volume sources. The release heights for these sources

were set to the actual height of the truck transfer process.

Post Project Scenario

Emissions from operations will result from process equipment and mining operations. Process equipment was modeled at

maximum capacity. Emissions from mining were based upon the mining rate and haul truck travel necessary to transport the

stones and waste from the pit to the storage area.

Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering micro meteorological data of January 2021 to March 2021 are

superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario,

which would prevail at the post operational phase. The overall scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum

baseline concentrations is shown in the following table along with isopleths.

Table 5-1 Controlled emission calculation (24Hour- average modeling inputs)

Activity Source Type Emissions (g/s)




171

TSPM PM10 PM2.5 NOX CO

Haulage Line volume 2.499E-01 7.063E-02 4.238E-02 5.120E-02 (from

tipper)

3.087E-02 (from

tipper)

Topsoil

handling

Scraper

open pit

Negligible Negligible Negligible N/A N/A

Bulldozing 4.115E-01 1.366E-01 8.193E-02 1.33E-02 (from

excavator)

1.160E-01 (from

excavator)

Rough ston

mining

Wet drilling 2.86E-04 5.72E-05 3.43E-05 5.22E-03 (from

compressor)

1.13E-03

(from compressor

Loading 3.57E-04 7.14E-05 4.29E-05 N/A N/A




172

Figure 5.1 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC of Particulate matter TSPM within 10 km Radius of the Study Area




173

Table 5-2 Predicted Top 10 Highest Concentrations Particulate Matter

S.NO

UTM coordinates (m)

Conc. (µg/m3) E N

1. 190928.4 1047616 60.55083

2. 189931.9 1047616 35.49444

3. 189931.9 1048615 30.80691

4. 188935.4 1047616 28.55193

5. 189931.9 1046618 27.76917

6. 190928.4 1046618 25.9489

7. 191924.8 1045620 17.62589

8. 187939 1046618 16.86753

9. 190928.4 1048615 16.20163

10. 190928.4 1045620 15.49456




174

Figure 5.2 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC of PM10 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area

Table 5-3 Predicted Top 10 Highest Concentrations PM10

UTM coordinates (m) Conc. (µg/m3)




175

S.NO E N

1. 190928.4 1047616 20.07605

2. 189931.9 1047616 11.76902

3. 189931.9 1048615 9.933

4. 189931.9 1046618 9.12654

5. 188935.4 1047616 9.07647

6. 190928.4 1046618 8.59648

7. 191924.8 1045620 5.83877

8. 187939 1046618 5.42257

9. 190928.4 1045620 5.13022

10. 189931.9 1045620 4.85865




176

Figure 5.3 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC of PM2.5 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area




177

Table 5-4 Predicted Top 10 Highest Concentrations of PM2.5

S.NO

UTM coordinates (m)

Conc. (µg/m3) E N

1. 190928.4 1047616 12.01708

2. 189931.9 1047616 7.04467

3. 189931.9 1048615 5.94889

4. 189931.9 1046618 5.46386

5. 188935.4 1047616 5.43743

6. 190928.4 1046618 5.14574

7. 191924.8 1045620 3.49502

8. 187939 1046618 3.24777

9. 190928.4 1045620 3.07092

10. 189931.9 1045620 2.90848




178

Figure 5.4 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area




179

Table 5-5 Predicted Top 10 Highest Concentrations of NOx

S.NO

UTM coordinates (m) Conc. (µg/m3)

E N

1. 190928.4 1048615 3.31809

2. 190928.4 1047616 2.91997

3. 189931.9 1047616 2.64179

4. 188935.4 1047616 2.6195

5. 189931.9 1048615 2.38144

6. 187939 1047616 1.97644

7. 189931.9 1046618 1.59561

8. 188935.4 1046618 1.56189

9. 187939 1046618 1.35482

10. 190928.4 1046618 1.27383

Results and Conclusions:

It was observed that the maximum concentration observed due to mining, for TSPM, PM10, PM2.5 and NOX are well below the

concentration standards specified in NAAQS GSR826(E). The total increase in concentrations above baseline status to estimate the

percentage increase is summarized in

Table 5-6 Total Maximum GLCs from the mining Emissions

Pollutant

Max. Averag

Base Line

Conc. (µg/m

Estimated

Incremental Conc

at source (µg/m

Total Conc

(µg/m3)

NAAQ

Standard

(µg/m3)

% contribution o

concentration abo

Base line at sourc

TSPM - 60.55 500




180

PM10 59 20.07 79.07 100 34.01

PM2.5 25 12.01 37.01 60 28.8

NOX 23 3.31 26.31 80 11.51

5.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT:


Drilling, Blasting, Loading a

unloading, Transportation of

excavated mineral.

Usage of Equipments (Excavator – 82 dBA, Tipper

Jack Hammer), Machinery and trucks used

transportation will generate noise.

Noise from the machinery can cause hypertension

high stress level, hearing loss, sleep disturbance etc d

to prolonged exposure.

Number of vehicles will be increased due to th

proposed mining activity hence vehicle may colla

which may result in unwanted sound and can a

cause impact on human health like breathing a

respiratory system, damage to lung tissue, influenza

asthma.

• The machinery will be maintained in good

running condition so that noise will be reduced

to minimum possible level.

• Awareness will be imparted to the workers

once in six months about the permissible noise

level and effect of maximum exposure to those

levels. Adequate silencers will be provided in

all the diesel engines of vehicles.

• It will be ensured that all transportation

vehicles carry a valid PUC Certificates.

• Speed of trucks entering or leaving the

mine will be limited to moderate speed

(20km/hr) to prevent undue noise from empty

vehicles.

The noise generated by the machinery will be

reduced by proper lubrication of the machinery

and other equipments.

• It is proposed to plant 250 Nos. of local

species (Neem, Mandharai, Athi, Ashoka and

Villam) to reduce the impact of noise in the




181

study area.The development of green belts

around the periphery of the mine will be

implemented to attenuate noise.

• The trucks will be diverted on two roads

viz. SH 187 and a District road to avoid traffic

congestion.

• Health checkup camps will be organized

once in six month.

• Use of personal protective devices i.e.,

earmuffs and earplugs by workers, who are

working in high noise generating areas.

• Provision of quiet areas, where employees

can get relief from workplace noise.

5.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMNENT:

Aspect Impacts Mitigation Measures

Site Clearance Loss of habitat due to site clearance which may lead

ecological disturbance.

The proposed mining lease is already a barren

land hence no site clearance is required. Only few

shrubs and herbslike parthenium sp., prosopis

juliflora were present.




182

Planting of trees Development of afforestation in the mine lease area

have a positive impact as the land was initially a barren.

7.5m safety distance will be provided all along

the boundary of the mine lease area and safety

distance of 50m in the western side due to the

presence of adjoining odai. Around 0.31.6Ha of

land is utilized for greenbelt development (250

Nos – 5 years) This will attract avifauna thus

enhancing the existing ecological environment.

5.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMNENT:


Proposed implementation

Mining activity

Land acquisition for the implementation of the

project may result in loss of assets, which in return

will make the PAP to shift, losing their normal

routine and livelihood

The proposed project is a own patta land of

T.R Subbareddiar and the land is vacant

where there are no human settlement within

500m radius. Hence the project does not

involve Rehabilitation and resettlement

Drilling, Blasting, Loading a

Transportation of the min

out mineral

The mining activities may cause dust emission,

noise pollution thereby causing disturbance to the

local habitat

No human activity is envisaged near the

project site. The nearest human settlement is

observed in sundakottai, which is 1.5km away

from the project site.

Grazing and Rearing activities

in the nearby villages

The Grazing and rearing of local animals like

Sheep, Goat and cows is observed in the nearby

villages, which may be affected due to the project

as the movement of the vehicles may affect/injure

the animals

It is proposed to use graveled road and nearest

paved road and preferred not to use unpaved

roads. In addition to that, the speed of trucks

will be limited to 20km/hr to avoid any

accidents

Employment opportunity The project will improve the livelihood of the local

people

After the development of the proposed mine,

it will improve the livelihood of local people




183

and also provide the direct and indirect

employment opportunities. The rough stone

and gravel for the infrastructural development

in the area will be made available from the

local markets at reasonably lower price.

Corporate Environmen

Responsibility

The proposed project will help in natural resource

augmentation & Community resource

development

As a part of CER, 2% of the project cost i.e,

0.90 Lakhs will be allocated. The detailed

agenda, which is to be executed, has been

framed. The salient features of the programme

are as follows:

Creation of community assets (infrastructure)

like provision for drinking water,

construction of sanitary facility to

Government School, Kalloranai, which is

1.60 km, W



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5.8 Other Impacts:

S. No Aspect Impact Mitigation measure

1. Risk due to t

proposed mining

Accidents may occur in th

mine area

Proper PPE kit (Safety jacket, Helmet, Safet

Shoes, Gloves) etc will be provided to ea

and every employee in the mine lea

concerning the safety of each labor

2. Blasting Injury to the labors due to th

blasting activity

Alarm system in the form of Siren will

engaged in the project site to caution t

blasting activity. In addition to that, th

blasting activity will be scheduled

particular time – 4.30 P.M to 5.30 P.M

whenever required) so that the employees wil

be aware of the activity. Smoking will

banned in the site and sign boards will

displayed in various places at site

3. Screening of LaborsLabors will be checked

health condition befor

employing them in mini

activity

All the labors will be checked and screen

for health before employing them

After employing them, periodical medic

checkups will be held once in every

months

5.9 Green Belt Development

➢ The development of greenbelt in the periphery of the mine area.

➢ Trees will be planted along the sides of the lease boundary and avenues as well as Non-

active dumps at a rate of 250 trees with an interval of 5m in 3 rows with tall and long tree

species alternative rows.



185

6. Environmental Monitoring Program

6.1 General:

This chapter covers the planned environmental monitoring program. It also includes the

technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. Post project

monitoring of environmental parameters is of key importance to assess the status of

environment. The monitoring program will serve as an indicator for identifying

environmental degradation due to operation of the project and help in selection of

appropriate mitigation measures to safeguard the environment.

Regular monitoring is as important as control of pollution since the efficacy of control

measures can only be determined by monitoring. The project proponent has awarded M/s.

Ecotech Labs Pvt Ltd for carrying out the post project environmental monitoring (PPM) and

timely compliance report submission to various regulatory authorities.

Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential

to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. The objectives of monitoring

are to:-

• Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;

• Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;

• Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and

• Identify unexpected changes.

Table 6-1: Environmental Monitoring Programme

Parameters Sampling Frequency Location

Air environment –

Pollutants

PM 10

PM 2.5

SO2

NOX

Lead in PM

5 locations 24 hourly twice a week

4 hourly.

Twice a week, One non

monsoon season



Project Site,

Sundakottai village,

Kalyanasundarapuram,

Karuppukatiyenthal

Kallorani

Noise 5 locations 24 hourly Once in 5

locations

Project Site,




186


Karuppukatiyenthal

Kallorani

Water (Ground

water)

• pH

• Temperature

• Turbidity

• Magnesium

Hardness

• Total

Alkalinity

• Chloride

• Sulphate

• Fluoride

• Nitrate

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Salinity

• Total

nitrogen

• Total

Coliforms

• Fecal

Coliforms

5 locations Once in 5 locations Project Site,



Karuppukatiyenthal

Kallorani

Water (surface

water)

• pH

• Temperature

• Turbidity

• Magnesium

Hardness

• Total

Alkalinity

• Chloride

• Sulphate

• Fluoride

Sample from

nearby

lakes/river

One time Sampling Sundakottai Kanmai



187

• Nitrate

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Salinity

• Total

nitrogen

• Total

Coliforms

• Fecal

Coliforms

Soil

(Organic matter,

Texture, pH,

Electrical

Conductivity,

Permeability, Water

holding capacity,

Porosity)

5 locations Once in 5 locations Project Site,



Karuppukatiyenthal

Kallorani

Ecology and

biodiversity Study

Study area

covering 5 km

radius

One time Sampling

Socio- Economic

study

(Population, Literacy

Level, employment,

Infrastructure like

school, hospitals &

commercial

establishments)

Villages

around 5 km

radius

One time Sampling

Table 6-2: Monitoring Schedule during Mining

S. No. Attributes Parameters Frequency Location

1. Ambient Air

Quality at

Mine Site &

Fugitive Dust

Sampling

PM 10

PM 2.5

SO2

NOX

Once in a

Month

Project Site



188

2. Ground water

Quality

Drinking Water

Parameters, As per IS -

10500: 2012

Half yearly

Project Site

3. Surface Water

Quality

Class will be assessed as per

the CPCB Guidelines

Half yearly

Project Site

4. Soil Quality

(Organic matter, Texture, pH,

Electrical Conductivity,

Permeability, Water holding

capacity, Porosity)

Half yearly

Project Site

5. Noise Level

Monitoring

Noise level in dB(A)

Quaterly/half yearly

Half yearly

Project Site



189

7 Additional Studies

7.1 General

This chapter covers the details of the additional studies viz. Risk assessment, Disaster

Management, Public Hearing, Rehabilitation and resettlement.

7.2 Public Hearing:

As the proposed mining project falls under 1(a), Category B1 – Cluster Mining (which

includes the mines as specified in the 500m radius DD Letter).

Hence under 7(III) of EIA notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments, the project

involves the Public Consultation and the same will be conducted under SPCB (TN) in

Virudhunagar District. The proceedings of the same will be incorporated in the Final EIA

Report.

7.3 Risk assessment:

For mining projects to be successful, it should meet not only the production

requirements, but also maintain the highest safety standards for all the workers. The industry

has to identify the hazards, assess the associated risks and bring the risks to tolerable level

regularly. Mining has considerable safety risk to miners. Unsafe conditions and practices in

mines lead to a number of accidents and causes loss and injury to human lives, damages the

property, interrupt production etc. Risk assessment is a systematic method of identifying and

analyzing the hazards associated with an activity and establishing a level of risk. The hazards

cannot be completely eliminated, and thus there is a need to define and estimate an accident

risk level possible to be presented either in quantitative or qualitative way.

7.3.1 Identification of Hazard

7.3.1.1. Blasting Pattern:

The quarrying operation will be carried out by semi Mechanised opencast method in

conjunction with conventional method of mining using Jack Hammer drilling and blasting

for shattering effect and loosen the Rough Stone.

7.3.1.2. Drilling and Blasting:

Drilling and Blasting parameters are as follows:



190

Depth of each hole 1.2m to 1.5m

Diameter of Hole 30-32 mm

Spacing between holes 0.5 mm

Burden for hole 0.5 m

Pattern of hole Zigzag

Inclination of holes 80° from Horizontal

Use of delay detonators 25 milli-second delays

Detonating fuse “Detonating” Cord

Hole Pattern Staggered in two – three

rows

a. Types of explosives to be used:

Small dia of 25mm Slurry explosives are proposed to be used for shattering and heaving

effect for removal and winning of Rough Stone. No deep hole drilling or Primary blasting is

proposed.

b. Measures proposed to minimize ground vibration due to Blasting:

The quarry is situated more than 1km from the nearby villages. Controlled blasting measures

will be adopted for minimizing ground vibration and fly of rock. Shallow depths jackhammer

drilling & blasting is proposed to be carried out with minimum use of explosive mainly to

give the shattering effect in rough stone for easy excavation and to control fly of rocks.

No. of Holes = 32 Holes

Yield = 96 Tons

Powder factor = 6 Tons/Kg of explosives

Total explosive required = 16kg – Slurry Explosives

Charge/Hole = 0.5kg

Blasted at day time = 4.30 to 5.30 PM (or whenever required)

Storage and safety measures to be taken while blasting: The lessee will engage an authorized

explosive agency to carry out the small amount of blasting and it will be supervised by

competent and statutory Foreman/Permit Mines Manager.

Heavy Machineries: The following heavy machineries will be used in the proposed lease area:

• For Mining – Excavator of 0.9 Cum Bucket capacity (with Rock Breaker attachment),

Jack Hammers (30-32 mm Dia) & tractor mounted compressor (2 Jack hammer Capacity)



191

• Loading Equipment – Excavator of 0.9 Cum Bucket Capacity (with Bucket

attachment)

• Transportation (includes within the mine and mine to destination) – Tipper 1 No of

10/20 tons capacity (from quarry to needy peoples and local crushers)

a. Risk:

Most of the accidents during transport of mined out mineral using other heavy vehicles are

often attributed to mechanical failures and human errors.

b. Mitigation measures to minimize the risk

• At the time of loading no person will be allowed within the swing radius of the

excavation.

• The dumpers/ trucks will stand near the loading equipment and fully braked when

the muck is filled in it.

• The truck would be brought to a lower level so that the loading operation suits to the

ergonomic condition of the workers.

• The workers will be provided with helmets, gloves and safety boots; loading and

unloading operations will be carried out only during daylight

• All the mining machineries will be regularly maintained and checked such as brakes,

lights and horns to keep in the efficient working order.

7.3.2 General Precautionary measures for the Risk involved in the proposed mine:

• In order to take care of above hazard/disaster, the following control measures will be

adopted:

• All safety precautions and provisions of Mine Act,1952, Metalliferrous Mines

Regulation, 1961 and Mines Rules, 1955 will be strictly followed during all mining

operations;

• Entry of unauthorized persons will be prohibited;

• Firefighting and first-aid provisions in the ECC and mining area;

• Provisions of all the safety appliances such as safety boot, helmets, goggles etc. will be

made available to the workers (14 Nos.) and regular inspection for their use;

• In case of eventuality, first aid will be given by the senior safety office in the mine area

initially to the injured person. The safety officer will give notice of accident as per Rule-23 of

Mines Act-1952;

• The safety officer (common for 3 mines within 500m radius) will be responsible for

coordination between management district authorities/DGMS etc. Regarding general safety

as per Rule-181 of MMR 1961, “No person shall negligently or will fully do anything likely



192

to endanger life or limb in the mine, or negligible or will fully omit to do anything necessary

for the safety of the mine or of the persons employed there in”. The workers will be provided

with protective foot wear and safety helmets;

• Cleaning of mine faces will be regularly done;

• Handling of explosives, charging and blasting will be carried out by highly skilled

labours only;

• Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipment as per manufacturer’s guidelines;

• Suppression of dust by sprinkling water on the haulage roads;

7.3.3 Safety Team:

The effective implementation of compliance of Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions will

be ensured. The safety officer will be engaged, meeting the requirement of Mines Act and

their duties and responsibilities. The safety officer will be responsible for identification of the

hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct

safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on various

issues related to occupational safety and health. Organizing safety training will be conducted

to employees and contractor labors periodically.

7.3.4 Emergency Control Centre

The emergency control center will be provided to handle the emergency. The site main

controller, key personnel and the senior officers of the fire and police services will attend it.

The center will be equipped to receive and transmit information and directions from and to

the incident controller and other areas of the works, as well as outside. The emergency

control center will be sited in an area of minimum risk. This common Emergency control

centre will be used for the mines around the 500m radius.

7.4 Disaster Management:

The possible risks in the case of stone along with associated minor minerals mining

projects are fly rock, vibration failure of pit, slope and waste dump, accidents due to

transportation. Mining and allied activities are associated with several potential hazards

to both the employees and the public at large. Safety of the mine and the employees is

taken care of by the mining rules & regulations, which are well defined with laid down

procedure for safety, which when scrupulously followed, safety is ensured not only to

manpower but also to machines & working environment.



193

7.4.1 Emergency Management Plan For Proposed Mines On Site- Offsite Emergency

Preparedness Plan:

The emergency plan delineates the procedures for dealing with accidents or unexpected

events and natural calamities arising from mining activity. An experience of any accidents

that have occurred in other manufacturing/mining projects is considered to prepare this plan.

This Emergency plan should be periodically reviewed and modified. It should also be

changed based on the observations of emergency mock drills and experience of handling

actual emergencies.

Major objectives of this onsite – offsite emergency plan are:

➢ To take necessary proactive and preventive actions to avoid the emergency.

The main aim of any emergency plan should be to prevent emergency situations.

To train the manpower to handle the emergencies of the following nature:

• Onsite (Within ML boundary) • Offsite (Outside ML boundary)

7.4.2 Onsite off-site emergency Plan:

1- Emergency on account of:

➢ Fire

➢ Explosion

➢ Major accidents involving man-made collapse of the mining edges.

➢ Snake bites, attack by honey bees or attack by wild animals.

2- Disaster due to natural calamities like:

➢ Flood/ heavy rains which can involve natural landslides.

➢ Earth quake

➢ Cyclone

➢ Lightening

7.4.3 Emergency Plan:

➢ The mining operations should be immediately stopped in case of any emergency. A

siren will be sounded during emergency time.



194

➢ An emergency assembly point will be created and all the workers will guide visitors or

contractors to approach assembly point.

➢ Emergency vehicle (Ambulance) will be available in the nearby place, in proximity to

the three mines and will rush to the emergency control centre at the blowing of emergency

siren. The driver of emergency vehicle will follow the instructions of Incident Controller/Site

Main Controller.

➢ Workers will be trained for the precautions to be taken during natural disasters like

heavy rain, floods, earthquake and cyclone.

➢ All escape routes from mines to the assembly point or any other safe location will be

made and the escape plan will be displayed in many places in the mine area.

7.4.4 Emergency Control:

➢ Shut down of mining operations: Raising the alarm or siren followed by immediate

safe shut down of the power supply, and isolation of affected areas.

➢ Treatment of injured: First aid and hospitalization of injured persons

➢ Protection of environment and property: During mitigation, efforts will be made to

prevent impacts on environment and property to the extent possible.

➢ Preserving all evidences and records: This will be done to enable a thorough

investigation of the true causes of the emergency.

➢ Ensuring safety of personnel prior to restarting of operations: Efforts required will be

made to ensure that work environment is safe prior to restarting the work.

7.5 Natural Resource Conservation

There are no natural resources within the premises. The conservation strategies for

energy will be followed in the proposed mine lease area. The pollutants of the mine will be

minimized by adopting appropriate mitigation measures as mentioned Chapter 5 to prevent

the effects on nearest water bodies (Odai Southern side to the project site). No surface runoff

from the project site will be let into the odai.

7.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation:

The proposed Mine lease area is a private land of Thiru S.K. Subba Reddiar. There is no

displacement of the population within the project area and adjacent nearby area and hence

Rehabilitation & Resettlement is not applicable.



195

8. Project Benefits

8.1 General

This chapter covers the benefits accruing to the locality, neighborhood, region and nation as

a whole. It brings out the details of benefits by way of improvements in the physical

infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential and other tangible benefits.

8.2 Physical Benefits

The opening of the proposed project will enhance the following physical infrastructure

facilities in the adjoining areas:

a. Market: Generating useful economical resource for construction. Due to demand supply

chain, excavated mineral (Rough stone & Gravel) will sold in the market in the affordable

price.

b. Infrastructure: The excavated rough stone and gravel will be used for Laying Roads,

Building & Construction Projects, Bridges.

c. Enhancement of Green Cover & Green Belt Development: As a part of reclamation plan,

native tree species will be planted along the safety boundary (0.31.6Ha) of the mine lease

area. A suitable combination of trees that can grow fast and also have good leaf cover will be

adopted to develop the green belt. It is proposed to plant 250 numbers of native species along

with some fruit bearing and medicinal trees during the mining plan period.

8.3 Social Benefits

The mining in the area will create rural employment. During site visit, it has been observed

that the economic conditions of the villages in the study area is quite normal. After the

development of the proposed mine, it will improve the livelihood of local people and also

provide the indirect employment opportunities. The rough stone and gravel for the

infrastructural development in the area will be made available from the local markets at

reasonably lower price.

As a part of CER, 2% of the project cost i.e., Rs.90,000 will be allocated. The detailed

agenda, which is to be executed has been framed. The salient features of the programme are

as follows:

➢ Provision of basic amenities such as safe drinking water, Hygienic toilet facilities,

furniture's, Solar lights to Government school in Kalloorani Village



196

8.4 Project Cost / Investment Details

Table 8-1: Budget for the proposed project

S. No Description Amount

(In Rs)

1 Investment cost

i)Land Cost

ii) Fencing

iii) Rest shelter

iv) Sanitary facility

v) Other items

1,60,000

1,50,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

Total 4,60,000

2 Operational Cost

i) Mining cost for Rough stone

ii) Mining cost for Gravel

33,32,800

6,73,360

40,06,160

Grand Total 44,66,160

Total Project Cost – Rs. 44,66,160.

Estimated EMP Cost

i) Drinking water facility

ii) Sanitary Maintenance

iii) Safety Kits

iv) Water sprinkling

vi) Afforestation

vii) Environmental parameters testing expenses

Cost

60,000

60,000

36,000

1,50,000

60,000

1,25,000

Total Rs. 4,91,000

CER Cost Rs. 90,000



197

9. Environmental Management Plan

9.1 Introduction

This chapter comprehensively presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which

includes the administrative and technical setup, summary matrix of EMP, the cost involved

to implement the EMP, during various Mining activities and provisions made towards the

same in the cost estimates of project. This chapter describes the proposed monitoring scheme

as well as inter-organizational arrangements for effective implementation of the mitigation

measures.

9.2 Subsidence

Mining will be carried out by opencast semi mechanized mining method with drilling &

blasting as per mining plan approved by Department of Mining and Geology, Virudhunagar.

Subsidence/slope failures are not envisaged because there are no loose strata overlying the

deposit (mineral to be excavated). The bench height will be average 6m. The individual

bench slope has been proposed to be kept at 600 from horizontal, while the ultimate pit slope

has been kept 450 from horizontal. Moreover, all safety standards/ safeguards will be

implemented as per guidelines prescribed by Director General of Mines Safety.

9.3 Mine Drainage

9.3.1 Storm water Management

The following measures will be taken with respect to the prevailing site conditions.

• Storm water drains with silt traps of size 1m x 1m will be suitably constructed all

along the periphery of the pit area to collect the run-off from the mine area and divert into

the pit

• All measures will be taken not to disturb the existing drainage pattern adjacent to the

mine lease area

• The storm water collected from the mine area will be utilized for dust suppression on

haul roads, plantation within the premises, etc.,

9.3.2 Drainage

Local workers will be deployed for the project. But urinals and Latrines will be provided

and the same will be connected to septic tank followed by soak pit arrangement. No



198

domestic waste will be deposited into the nearby area. Regular checking will be carried out to

find any blockage due to silting or accumulation of loose materials. The drains will also be

checked for any damage in lining / stone pitching, etc.

9.3.3 Administrative and Technical Setup

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) will consist of all mitigation measures for each

component of the environment due to the activities increased during mining operation to

minimize adverse environmental impacts resulting from the activities of the project.



155

Table 9-1: Impacts and mitigation measures

S.

no

Impacts on

Environment

Activity

/Aspect

Anticipated

impacts

Mitigation measures Budgetary

Allocation

1. Air Fugitive

Emission

During mining

operation,

fugitive dust

and other air

pollutants like

particulate

matter (PM10

& PM 2.5) will

be generated.

• Planting of trees

along the safety

distance of the Mine

Lease Area

• Water will be

sprinkled in the site as

dust suppression

measure.

Rs.50,000

Rs.1,50,000

2. Water Wastewater

Generation

Improper

management

of Domestic

wastewater in

the Mine lease

may create

unhygienic

conditions in

the site thereby

causing health

impacts to the

labors

• Provision of

urinals/Latrines along

with septic tank

followed by soak pit

arrangement will be

provided in the Mine

Lease area for the

proper management of

wastewater

Rs.55,000

3. Noise Mining

activities like

drilling,

blasting,

loading and

transportation

Noise from the

machinery can

cause

hypertension,

high stress

level, hearing

loss, sleep

disturbance etc

due to

prolonged

exposure.

Apart from

Mining

activities like

• Use of personal

protective devices i.e.,

earmuffs and earplugs

by workers, who are

working in high noise

generating areas

Rs.10,000



156

drilling,

blasting may

generate noise

4. Land Improper

management

of Storm

water Runoff

Storm water

Runoff may

result in Soil

Erosion

• Garland

drainage of 1m x 1m

will be provided to

avoid storm water run-

off.

Rs.1,00,000

4. Social

Responsibility

Mining

workers

Unhygienic

site sanitation

facilities may

cause health

damage to

workers.

The objective is to

ensure health and

safety of the workers

with effective

provisions for the basic

facilities of sanitation,

drinking water, safety

of equipments or

machinery etc. The

following will be done

in the site

✓ By complying

with the safety

procedures, norms and

guidelines (as

applicable) as outlined

in the National

Building Code of

India, Bureau of Indian

Standards.

✓ Provide

adequate number of

decentralized latrines

and urinals

✓ Providing

Septic tank along with

Soak pit arrangement

✓ Providing First

Rs.25,000

Rs.30,000

Rs.1,00,000

Rs.36,000

Rs.50,000



157

Aid room, conducting

frequent health

checkups to labor and

conducting free

medical camps

✓ Providing safety

helmet, Gloves, Jacket

& Boots

✓ Providing

measures to prevent

fires. Fire fighting

extinguishers and

buckets of sand will be

provided in the

construction site

6. Building

materials

resource

conservation

Building

Material

consumption

Use of

farfetched

construction

materials than

the locally

available

construction

materials may

lead to over

exploitation of

natural

resources &

increase in

carbon

footprint.

• Use of locally

available construction

materials.



158

Table 9-2: Budgetary Allocation for EMP during Mining

S. No Description Budgetary Allocation

(in Rs.)

1. EMP COST

i. Drinking water facility for Labourers 1,05,000

ii. Sanitary Maintenance 60,000

iii. Safety Kits 36,000

iv. Water Sprinkling 1,50,000

v. Afforestation, Plantation & Maintenance 50,000

2. Environmental Monitoring

i. Air Quality Monitoring 50,000

ii. Water Quality Monitoring (Bore well water) 60,000

iii. Soil sample Analysis – 1 Location 24,000

iv. Noise Monitoring 12,000

Total Cost 5,47,000



159

10 Summary & Conclusion

This chapter summarizes the overall justification for implementation of the project and

explains how the potential impacts are mitigated.

10.1 Introduction

Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar site is a cluster of four mining project. The individual mine lease

area is 1.29.5 Ha of Rough stone & Gravel Quarry located at S.F.Nos. 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and

46/4 Sundakkottai Village, Aruppukottai Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu State

The area lies in the latitude of 090 28' 20.65" to 090 28' 25.83" N and longitude of 780

11’05.02” to 780 11’ 11.43” E. The area is marked in the survey of India Topo sheet No. 58

K/3.

10.2 Project Overview

Table 10-1: Project Overview

S. No. Description Details

1 Project Name Proposed Rough stone and Gravel Quarry-

1.29.5Ha by Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar

2 Proponent Thiru.S.K.Subba Reddiar

3 Mining Lease Area Extent 1.29.5Ha

4 Location S.F No : 46/1, 46/2, 46/3, and 46/4

5 Latitude 090 28' 20.65" to 090 28' 25.83" N

6 Longitude 780 11’05.02” to 780 11’ 11.43” E

7 Topography Plain terrain

8 Site Elevation above MSL ≃74 m from above MSL

9 Topo sheet No. 58 K/3

10 Minerals of Mine Rough stone and Gravel

11 Proposed production of Mine 94,318 m3 of Rough Stone and 47,640 m3

of Gravel

12 Ultimate depth of Mining 31m below ground level.

13 Method of Mining Open cast, semi-mechanized mining



160

14 Water demand 1.50 KLD

15 Source of water Water will be supplied from road tankers

supply

16 Man power Direct :4 , Indirect :6 nos

17 Mining Lease District Collector, Virudhunagar vide letter

Na.Ka.KV1/245/2020-Mines dated

09.11.2020.

18 Mining Plan Approval Mining plan was approved by The Deputy

Director, Geology & Mining,

Virudhunagar letter KV1/245/2020/Mines

dated 27.01.2021

19 Production details of Rough

stone

Production details of Gravel

Geological Reserves : 3,10,743 m3

Mineable Reserves : 94,318m3

Geological Reserves : 70,452 m3


20 Boundary Fencing 7.5m barrier all along the boundary

Fencing will be provided

21 Disposal of overburden The overburden is in the form of top soil

and weathered rock formation. It will be

quarried for filling purpose to nearby end

users and part of soil will be preserved all

along the boundary as barrier for

afforestation.

22 Ground water the fluctuations of water level is 70m in

Rainy seasons and 75m in Summer seasons

of this quarry area

23 Habitations within 500m radius

of the Project Site

There is no Habitation within 300m radius

24 Drinking water Water will be supplied through tankers

from Kalloorani Village is an out 3 km on

the west of the area.



161

10.3 Justification of the proposed project

The said project plays a significant role in the domestic as well as infrastructural market. To

achieve a huge infrastructure being envisaged by Government of India, particularly in road

and housing sector, there is a need for basic building materials. The rough stone and gravel

form the primary building material.

Rough stone is one of the most valuable natural building materials. Aggregates are mostly

used for building roads and footpaths Aggregates – stone used for its strong physical

properties – crushed and sorted into various sizes for use in concrete, coated with bitumen to

make asphalt or used 'dry' as bulk fill in construction. Mostly used in roads, concrete and

building products. Aggregates represent about 98% of quarry output, most of which is used in

road construction, maintenance and repair. Much of this goes to the production of asphalt;

the remainder is used 'dry' without the addition of other materials to provide a sturdy base for

roads.

Since Virudhunagar, a city known for its small-scale industries and also the soil in the area

near project site is not very fertile making it unsuitable for carrying out agricultural activities.

The topography near the lease area is barren dry lands showing only less chance for crop

growth and development of vegetation. In addition to that, geological reserves of rough stone

and gravel is abundant in the lease area which is evident from the mine activities carried out

in the nearby sites.

Table 10-2: Anticipate Impacts & Appropriate Mitigation Measures

S. No. Potential Impact Mitigation Measure

1 The main impact in the air environment

is dust emission during various mining

activities such drilling, blasting,

excavation, loading and transportation.

The dust emission may affect the quality

of ambient air in the and around the

mine area. The increased emission may

cause respiratory & Cardiovascular

problems in human health

Proper mitigation measures like water

sprinkling on haul roads will be adopted

to control dust emissions.

To control the emissions regular

preventive maintenance of equipments

will be carried out on contractual basis.

Plantation will be carried out along

approach roads & mine premises.

2 Waste water will be generated due to

mining activity and from other domestic

activities. These may contaminate the

No waste water will be generated from

the mining activity of minor minerals as

the project only involves lifting of over



162

ground water leading to ground water.

The mining activity may affect the

ground water table

burden from mine site. The wastewater

generated from the domestic activity will

be disposed off safely through the

proposed septic tank

Mining will not intersect ground water

table. Hence the water table will not be

impacted due to the proposed project

3 Noise will be generated in the mine area

during various mining activities such as

blasting, drilling, excavation. During

transportation of the mined out mineral,

there may be noise generation due to the

movement of vehicles. This may impact

the health condition of the workers by

creating headache

Periodical monitoring of noise will be

done.

No other equipments except the

transportation vehicles and Excavator (as

& when required) for loading will be

allowed at site.

Noise generated by these equipments

shall be intermittent and does not cause

much adverse impact.

Plantation will be carried out along

approach roads. The plantation

minimizes propagation of noise and also

arrest dust.

4 Solid waste will be generated from the

mining activity as there will be refuse

after 95% recovery and also generation

of domestic waste

The 100% recovery is achieved by

extracting the entire mineable reserve.

Hence there will be no refuse generation

due to the mining activity. Apart from

that, a very meagre quantity of domestic

waste will be generated in the project,

which will be handed over to the local

body on daily basis.

5 During mining activities, there are

chances of workers getting health issues

or may be prone to accidents

Dust masks will be provided as additional

personal protection equipment to the

workers working in the dust prone area.

Periodical trainings will be conducted to

create awareness about the occupational

health hazards due to activities like

blasting, drilling, excavation

Workers health related problem if any,

will be properly addressed.



163

11. Disclosure of Consultant

11.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the details of the environmental consultants engaged, their

background and the brief description of the key personnel involved in the project. Specific

studies on the mining project have been carried out by engaging engineers/experts of

Ecotech Labs Pvt. Ltd, Chennai. Ecotech Labs Pvt. Ltd (ETL), Chennai is NABET

accredited consultancy organization. ETL is equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory,

accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration

Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India and MoEF &

CC.

11.2 Eco Tech Labs Pvt. Ltd – Environment Consultant

Eco Tech Labs Pvt. Ltd is a multi-disciplinary testing and research laboratory in India. Eco

Tech labs provides high quality services in environmental consultancy, engineering solution,

chemical and microbiological laboratory analysis of food, water and environment (Air,

Water, Soil) with highest accuracy.

11.2.1. The Quality policy

• We, at Eco Tech Labs Pvt. Ltd. engaged in providing Environmental consulting services

and we are committed to strengthen our capabilities in all areas of our operations in line

with customer requirements &expectations, applicable legal requirements & stakeholders

expectations.

• We are committed to establish and maintain Quality Management System (QMS) for

continual improvement in processes and Services

• We are committed to provide customized solutions in realistic, time bound and cost

effective to achieve highest degree of customer satisfaction and Environmental

improvement.

• We shall establish, maintain & periodically review our documented management

systems, objectives and performance in consultation with our employees and prevailing best

practices.

• Effective communication of organization’s policy and objectives to employees and seeking feedbacks from all our employees and concerned stakeholders for continual

improvement.

ANNEXURE-I

PRECISE AREA COMMUNICATION

LETTER

ANNEXURE-II

MINING PLAN APPROVAL LETTER

ANNEXURE-III

YEAR WISE PLAN AND PRODUCTION –

REDUCED DEPTH OF 31M

Revised Details – Reduced depth of 31m

Geological Resources (Plate No. IV)

The geological reserves have been calculated based on the cross section method.

Availability of Geological Resources is given below.

Table-1

Table- 1A


Section Length

(Max)

(m)

Width

(Max)

(m)

Depth

(Max)

(m)

A-A’ & B-

B’ 45 43 14.0

Available Mineable Reserves (Plate No. VI)

The available mineable reserves are calculated for the proposed lease period of 5

years based on the total minable reserves calculated by deducting 7.5m safety distances to the

boundary, 50m to the odai south of the area and Bench losses.

Table-2

SECTIO

N

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDTH

(M)

HEIGH

T

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-

B’ 58

58

117

117

6.0

25.0

-

1,69,650

40,716

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 38

38

99

99

6.0

25.0

-

94,050

22,572

-

A-A’ &

D-D’ 63

63

31

31

6.0

25.0

-

48,825

11,718

-

TOTAL GEOLOGICAL RESERVES 3,12,525 75,006

Less: pit excavated

A-A’ &

B-B’

45 19

18

43 12

11

2.0 3.0

9.0

- -

1,782

3,870 684

-


BALANCE GEOLOGICAL

RESERVES

3,10,743 70,452

The available mineable reserves have been computed as 94,318 m3 of Rough Stone

and 47,640 m3 of Gravel up-to the depth of 31.0 meters from the ground level.

Year wise Production - Table-3

SECTION

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDT

H

(M)

HEIGH

T

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-B’

49

43

38

33 28

23

99

88

78

68 58

48

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

-

18,920

14,820

11,220 8,120

5,520

29,106

-

-

- -

-

-

A-A’ & C-C’

38 38

33

28 23

18

81 70

60

50 40

30

6.0 5.0

5.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

- 13,300

9,900

7,000 4,600

2,700

18,468 -

-

- -

-

-

A-A’ & D-D’ 55 14 6.0 - 4,620

TOTAL MINEABLE RESERVES 96,100 52,194


BALANCE MINEABLE RESERVES 94,318 47,640

SECTIO

N

YEA

R

LENGT

H

(M)

WIDT

H

(M)

HEIGH

T

(M)

ROUGH

STONE

VOLUME

(M3)

GRAVEL

VOLUME

(M3)

A-A’ & B-

B’ I-

Year

39

27

17

7

99

88

78

68

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

11,880

6,630

2,380

23,166

-

-

-

SUB TOTAL 20,890 23,166

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-

B’

45

19

18

35

12

11

2.0

3.0

9.0

-

-

1,782

3,150

684

-



The applicant has proposed to carry out 94,318 m3 of Rough Stone and 47,640 m3 of Gravel

production for the period of FIVE years.

A-A’ & B-

B’

II-Year

10

14 14

14

11

99

88 78

68

58

6.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

5.0

-

6,160 5,460

4,760

3,190

5,940

- -

-

-

A-A’ & C-

C’ 2 81 6.0 - 972

Less pit:

A-A’ & B-B’

SUB TOTAL 19,570 6,912

45 8 2.0 - (-)720


A-A’ & B-

B’ III-

Year

2

7

12 12

13

88

78

68 58

48

5.0

5.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

880

2,730

4,080 3,480

3,120

-

-

- -

-

A-A’ & C-

C’

14

10 5

81

70 60

6.0

5.0 5.0

-

3,500 1,500

6,804

- -


A-A’ & C-

C’ IV-

YEAR

13

13 13

13

8

3

81

70 60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

4,550 3,900

3,250

1,600

450

6,318

- -

-

-

-

A-A’ & B-

B’ 5

10

58

48

5.0

5.0

1,450

2,400

-

-

IV – YEAR PRODUCTION 17,600 6,318

A-A’ & C-

C’ V-

YEAR

9

15 15

15

15

15

81

70 60

50

40

30

6.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

-

5,250 4,500

3,750

3,000

2,250

4,374

- -

-

-

-

A-A’ & D-

D’ 55 14 6.0 - 4,620

V – YEAR PRODUCTION 18,750 8,994


LEASE APPLIED AREA

INDEX:-

SAFETY LINE

PLANS AND SECTIONS ARE PREPARED BASEDON THE LEASE MAP AUTHENTICATED BY THESTATE GOVERNMENT.

TOP SOIL

CHORNOCKITE

SURFACE & GEOLOGICALPLAN AND SECTIONS

GEOLOGICAL RESERVES

DEPTHVOLUME M

CHORNOCKITE3 VOLUME M

WITH GRAVELLENGTH3

WIDTHSECTION

A A'&B B' 117M117M

58M58M

6.0M25M 1,69,650

40,716

TOTAL GEOLOGICAL RESERVES 3,12,525 75,006

-

-A A'&C C' 99M

99M38M38M

6.0M25M 94,050

22,572-

-A A'&D D' 31M

31M63M63M

6.0M25M 48,825

11,718-

-

TOP SOIL

BENCH MARKTBM 99M

SCALE:- 1: 1000

PLATE NO. IV

DISTRICT :

TALUK :

VILL.. NAME :SUNDAKOTTAI

EXTENT :1.29.5 HECTARE

LOCATION OF THE APPLIED AREA:-

S.F.Nos. :46/1,46/2,46/3&46/4

NAME OF THE APPLICANT:-

99,KEELAKARANDHAI KAMATCHI

SOUTH STREET,

THIRU.K.SUBBA REDDIYAR,

ARUPPUKOTTAI TALUK-626 101,

VIRUDHUNAGAR-DISTRICT.

S/O KASTHURI REDDIAR,

CHETTIYAR STREET,

VIRUDHUNAGAR

ARUPPUKOTTAI

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

SECTION INFLUENCE OF B B'SECTION

A A'SECTION ALONG A A'

INFLUENCE OF C C'SECTION

INFLUENCE OF D D'

58M 38M 63M

68M 68M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

B B'SECTION ALONG B B'

68M 68M

117M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

C C'SECTION ALONG C C'

68M 68M

99M

A

A'

BB'

CC'

D D'

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

D D'

SECTION ALONG D D'

68M 68M

31M

TBM 99M

A A'&B B'43M

11M

45M

18M

2.0M

9.0M 1,782

3,870-

-

BALANCE GEOLOGICAL RESERVES

ALREADY EXCAVATED RESERVES

43M

45M

11M

12M19M 3.0M 684-

1,782

3,10,743

4,554

70,452

84.02

98.21

96.01

98.03

96.5096.20

98.2090.11

98.23


LAND USE, PRODUCTIONPLAN AND SECTIONS

BENCH MARK

LEASE HOLD BOUNDARY

INDEX:-

CHORNOCKITE

TOP SOIL

SAFETY LINE

V-YEAR EXCAVATION

I-YEAR ECAVATION

IV-YEAR EXCAVATION

III-YEAR EXCAVATION

II-YEAR EXCAVATION

EARTH BUND

TBM 99M

SCALE:- 1: 1000



SOUTH STREET,





CHETTIYAR STREET,

PLATE NO. V

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M




INFLUENCE OF D D'

68M 68M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M


68M 68M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M


68M 68M

A

A'

BB'

CC'

D D'

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

D D'

SECTION ALONG D D'

68M 68M

TBM 99M

84.02

98.21

96.01

98.03

96.5096.20

98.2090.11

98.23

1 2 3 4

SITE SERVICES 1 2 3 4

99M99M

99M99M

FIVE YEARS PRODUCTION SCHEDULE

DEPTHVOLUME M


WITH GRAVELLENGTH3

WIDTHSECTIONTOP SOIL

5.0M5.0M5.0M6.0M

2,3806,630

11,88023,166-

-

--

-

7M17M

27M39M

68M78M

88M99MA A'&B B'

30M40M50M60M70M81M

15M15M15M15M15M9M

5.0M5.0M5.0M5.0M6.0M 4,374

5.0M

-

----

-

A A'&C C'

55M 14M 6.0M 4,620A A'&D D' -

3,000

3,7504,5005,250

2,250

18,750 8,994

5.0M 1,4505.0M

-10M5M

48M58M

2,400 --

30M

40M50M

60M70M81M

3M8M

13M

13M13M13M

5.0M5.0M

5.0M5.0M6.0M

1,6003,250

3,9004,550

6,318

5.0M

-

--

--

450 -

A A'&C C'

17,600

A A'&B B'

20,890TOTAL EXCAVATION

A A'&B B'35M

11M

45M

18M

2.0M

9.0M1,782

3,150-12M19M 3.0M 684-

ALREADY EXCAVATED RESERVESI YEAR EXCAVATION

23,166

3,83419,33219,108

5.0M5.0M5.0M6.0M

4,7605,4606,160

5,940-

--

-

14M14M

14M10M

68M78M

88M99M

5.0M 3,190 -11M 58M81M2M 6.0M 972A A'&C C' -

TOTAL EXCAVATION 19,570 6,912

A A'&B B' 8M45M 2.0M 720-

A A'&B B'

ALREADY EXCAVATED RESERVES6,192

-II YEAR EXCAVATION 19,570

720

70M81M

10M14M

5.0M6.0M

3,5006,804

-

A A'&C C'

5.0M5.0M

5.0M

5.0M

3,4804,080

2,730880

5.0M-

---

13M12M12M7M2M

48M58M68M

78M88M

3,120

A A'&B B'

19,290

5.0M5M 60M 1,500

--

-

6,804III YEAR EXCAVATION

IV YEAR EXCAVATION 6,318

IV YEAR EXCAVATION

TOTAL EXCAVATION FOR 5 YEARS 47,640

50

TYPE OF TREES

NEEM/PUNGAI

No OF TREES

AFFORESTATION PROGRAME FOR FIVE YEARS

YEAR

I-YEAR

II-YEAR

III-YEAR

50

50

NEEM/VAGAI

NEEM/PUVARSU

^̂

^̂

^̂IV-YEAR

V-YEAR

50

50

NEEM/SAVUKKU

NEEM/PUNGAI^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂

N

14M

48M

58M

68M

78M

88M

99M

30M

40M

50M

60M

70M

81M

15M

15M

15M

15M

13M

12M

14M

39M 55M

15M

9M

13M

13M

13M

13M

8M

3M

2M10M

14M

5M

2M10M

14M

14M

11M

12M

7M17M

27M

10M

5M

7M

94,318


BENCH MARK

LEASE HOLD BOUNDARY

INDEX:-

CHORNOCKITE

TOP SOIL

SAFETY DISTANCE

WATER RESERVOIR

EARTH BUND

CONCEPTUAL PLANAND SECTIONS

^̂ ^̂ ^̂PLANTATION

MINEABLE RESERVES

DEPTHVOLUME M


WITH GRAVELLENGTH3

WIDTHSECTION

TOTAL MINEABLE RESERVES 96,100 52,194

TOP SOIL

5.0M

5.0M

5.0M

5.0M

6.0M

8,120

11,220

14,820

18,920

29,106

5.0M

55M 14M 6.0M 4,620

-

-

-

-

-

TBM 98M

SCALE:- 1: 1000

PLATE NO. VI

DISTRICT :

TALUK :




S.F.Nos. :46/1,46/2,46/3&46/4



SOUTH STREET,





CHETTIYAR STREET,

VIRUDHUNAGAR

ARUPPUKOTTAI

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M




INFLUENCE OF D D'

68M 68M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M


68M 68M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M


68M 68M

A

A'

BB'

CC'

D D'

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

99M

88M

83M

78M

93M

73M

D D'

SECTION ALONG D D'

68M 68M

14M

TBM 99M

N

48M

58M

68M

78M

88M

99M

30M

40M

50M

60M

70M

81M

18M

23M

28M

33M

38M

38M

23M

28M

33M

38M

43M

49M 55M

23M

28M

33M

38M

43M

49M

48M

58M

68M

78M

88M

99M

5,520 -

30M

40M

50M

60M

70M

81M

18M

23M

28M

33M

38M

38M

5.0M

5.0M

5.0M

5.0M

6.0M

4,600

7,000

9,900

13,300

18,468

5.0M

-

-

-

-

-

2,700 -

A A'&B B'

A A'&C C'

A A'&D D'

A A'&B B'43M

11M

45M

18M

2.0M

9.0M 1,782

3,870-

-

BALANCE MINEABLE RESERVES

ALREADY EXCAVATED RESERVES

12M19M 3.0M 684-

1,782

94,318

4,554

47,640

DEPTHWIDTH

ULTIMATE PIT SIZE

LENGTH31M49M99M

SECTION

31M38M81M5M14M55M

A A'&B B'

A A'&C C'

A A'&D D'

-

--

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂

^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂SITE SERVICES 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

PLATE NO. VIII

SCALE 1:2000

TEMPORARY BENCH MARK

PROPOSED SITE SERVICES

APPROACH ROAD

LEASE BOUNDARY

LEGEND

TBM 99M

1 2 3

PROGRESSIVE MINE

CLOSURE PLAN

LAYOUT OF MINE WORKING

SAFETY DISTANCE

ALL PLANS AND SECTIONS ARE PREPARED BASEDON THE LEASE MAP AUTHENTICATED BY THESTATE GOVERNMENT.

EARTH BUND

TBM 99M

1 2 3 4

50

TYPE OF TREES

NEEM/PUNGAI

No OF TREES

AFFORESTATION PROGRAME FOR FIVE YEARS

YEAR

I-YEAR

II-YEAR

III-YEAR

50

50

NEEM/VAGAI

NEEM/PUVARSU

^̂

^̂

^̂IV-YEAR

V-YEAR

50

50

NEEM/SAVUKKU

NEEM/PUNGAI^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂

^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂

DISTRICT :

TALUK :




S.F.Nos. :46/1,46/2,46/3&46/4



SOUTH STREET,





CHETTIYAR STREET,

VIRUDHUNAGAR

ARUPPUKOTTAI

MINE CLOSURE PLAN WITH LAND USE PATTERN

MINING / EXCAVATION

STORAGE OF TOP SOIL

STOCKING & MINERAL DRESSING YARD

MINE ROAD

UNDISTURBED AREA

TOTAL = 1.29.5 Ha

AFFORESTATION&SAFETY

= 0.19.3 Ha

= 0.00.0 Ha

= 0.00.0 Ha

= 0.04.0 Ha

= 0.00.0 Ha

= 0.31.6 Ha

FUTURE MINING = 0.73.6 Ha

INFRASTRUCTURE = 0.01.0 Ha

DEPTHWIDTH

ULTIMATE PIT SIZE

LENGTH31M49M99M

SECTION

31M38M81M5M14M55M

A A'&B B'

A A'&C C'

A A'&D D'

ANNEXURE-IV

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WHEREAS the registerod holdor holds {amonpt otheru) ths lands desodbed in

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AblD, WHEREAS, ttro registEred holdpr has ilHd$ application to the CollEct$r of

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Collector ail aoourats $rop or sketuh of thp aaid lflnd$,

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grantetl r quarrying leaee &0 tlw regioterud lrolder and allowed him to commEnce

quaffying operatiotu fgf ttw 1''eass in the snid lan& and to depouit rnirdng wagte tlrers olr

by registered holder.

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( Form I & Draft EIA Report) - Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board

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Transcript of ( Form I & Draft EIA Report) - Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board