அழகப்பா பல்கலைக்கழகம் - Alagappa University

mofg;gh gy;fiyf;fofk; Njrpaj; ju epu;zaf; FOtpd; %d;whk; Rw;Wj; ju kjpg;gPl;by; A+(CGPA:3.64)

jFjpAk; kdpjts Nkk;ghl;L mikr;rfk; - gy;fiyf;fof khdpaf;FOtpd; Kjy; jug; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; jd;dhl;rpj; jFjpAk; ngw;wJ

fhiuf;Fb– 630003.

njhiyepiyf;fy;tp ,af;ffk;

gp.ypl;.> jkpo;

,sq;fiy ,yf;fpak; - (gp.ypl;.>)

,uz;lhkhz;L - %d;whk; gUtk;

jhs; 10734 - fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

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Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu.

Reviewer:

Dr. V. THIRUVENI

Assistant Professor of Tamil ,

Directorate of Distance Education,

Alagappa University,

Karaikudi.630003.

Author: Dr. S. NAGANATHAN Assistant Professor of Tamil

Ramsamy Tamil College

Karaikudi –630 003

,sq;fiy ,yf;fpak; -(gp.ypl;.)

,uz;lhkhz;L - %d;whk; gUtk;

jhs; 10734 - fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

ghlj;jpl;lk;

Nehf;fk;: fhg;gpaq;fspy; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gad;ghl;bidg; gw;wp mwpjy;

$W jiyg;G gf;fk;

gpupT 1: rpyg;gjpfhuk;

$W 1 ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; - Gfhh;f;fhz;lk; - 1 1

$W 2 ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; - Gfhhf;;fhz;lk; - 2 17

$W 3 ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; - kJiuf;fhz;lk; 46

$W 4 ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; - tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; - 1 84

$W 5 ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; - tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; - 2 93

gpupT 2: rPtfrpe;jhkzp

$W 6 jpUj;jf;fj; Njth; - rPtfrpe;jhkzp 106

$W 7 rPtfrpe;jhkzp – Nfkrhpahh; ,yk;gfk; 114

$W 8 rPtfrpe;jhkzp mwf;fUj;Jfs; 135

gpupT 3: fk;guhkhazk; - jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhzk;

$W 9 fk;gh; - fk;guhkhazk; - mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; 139

$W 10 fk;guhkhazk; - mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; 143

$W 11 Nrf;fpohh; -jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhzk; - G+ryhh; Guhzk; 196

gpupT 4: Njk;ghtzp - rPwhg;Guhzk;

$W 12 tPukhKdpth; - Njk;ghtzp – ghiyGFglyk; 206

$W 13 ckWg;Gyth; - rPwhg;Guhzk; - Fwpg;G 228

$W 14 khDf;Fg; gpizepd;w glyk; 235

$W. 1. ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; -- rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; ;; -- GGffhhuu;;ff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; --11 1.1 gjpfk; 1.1.1. ,sq;NfhtbfSf;Ff; Fd;wf; FwtH $wpa tpe;ij

1.1.2. rhj;jdhH epfo;e;jijf; $Wjy; 1.2. ciungW fl;Liu 1.2.1. ghz;badpd; gj;jpdp topghL 1.2.2. nfhq;F ,sq;Nfhrupd; gj;jpdp topghL 1.2.3. fathF kd;ddpd; gj;jpdp topghL

1.2.4. Nrhodpd; gj;jpdp topghL

1.3. kq;fy tho;j;Jg; ghly; (fhij – 1) 1.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 1.3.2. flTs; tho;j;jhf mikAk; mur tho;j;J

1.3.3. fz;zfp

1.3.4. Nfhtyd; 1.3.5. jpUkzk;

1.3.6. jpUkz tho;j;J

1.4. kidawk;gLj;j fhij (fhij – 2)

1.4.1. GfhH efuj;jpy; Nfhtyd; fz;zfp $b ,d;GWjy;

1.4.2. Nfhtyd; $wpa Fwpahf; fl;Liu 1.4.3. jdpf;Fbj;jdk; 1.5. muq;Nfw;W fhij (fhij – 3)

1.5.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 1.5.2. fiykfs; khjtp mwpKfk;

1.5.3. khjtpapd; muq;Nfw;wk;

1.5.4. muq;fj;jpd; mikg;G muq;fpy; jiyf;Nfhy; itf;fg;gly;

1.5.5. khjtpg; nghd; kapyhs; Njhif tpupj;jhs; 1.5.6. khjtpiaf; iff;nfhz;l Nfhtyd;

1.6. me;jpkhiyr; rpwg;Gr;nra; fhij (fhij – 4)

1.6.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 1.6.2. epykfs; Gyk;Gjy; 1.6.3. g+k;Gfhupy; GFe;j nghd;khiyg; nghOJ

1.6.4. Nfhyk; nfhz;l Nfhij

1.6.5. xg;gid Jwe;j Xtpak; 1.6.6. kd;kjdpd; fhty; 1.7. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1.8. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 22 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; -- rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; ;; --GGffhhuu;;ff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; --22

2.1 ,e;jpu tpoT CH vLj;j fhij (fhij – 5) 2.1.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

2.1.2. nghOJ GyHe;jJ

2.1.3. kUt+Hg; ghf;fj;jpd; khz;G

2.1.4. gl;bdg;ghf;fj;jpd; ghd;ik

2.1.5. ,ilepyk;

2.1.6. Itif kd;wq;fs;

2.1.7. ,e;jputpoh mwptpg;G 2.1.8 fz;zfpapd; fUq;fz;Zk; khjtpapd; neLq;fz;Zk;

2.2. flyhL fhij (fhij – 6) 2.2.1 fhijr;RUf;fk;

2.2.2. tpQ;irad; fhjypAld; tUif 2.2.3. khjtp Mba gjpndhU tif Mly;fs;; 2.2.4. khjtpapd; moFf; Nfhyk; 2.2.5. flyhlr; nrd;w NfhtyDk; khjtpAk;

2.3 fhdy; tup (fhij – 7) 2.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 2.3.2. fhtpupiag; Gfo;e;j Nfhtyd; 2.3.3. Nfhtyd; fhtpupia Nehf;fpg; ghbait 2.3.4. jpq;fNsh $w;wNkh mzq;Nfh 2.3.5. khjtp jtwhf vz;Zjy; 2.3.6. khjtp fhtpupia Nehf;fpg; ghbait 2.3.7. Nfhtyd; khjtpiag; gpupjy;

2.4. Ntdpy; fhij (fhij – 8) 2.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 2.4.2. ,sNtdpy; tUif 2.4.3. jdpikj; Jaupy; khjtp 2.4.4. jpUKfk; tiue;jhs;; khjtp 2.4.5. kliy Vw;f kWj;j Nfhtyd; 2.4.6. khjtp jd;id Njw;wpf; nfhs;sy;

2.5. fdhj;jpwk; ciuj;j fhij – (fhij - 9) 2.5.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 2.5.2. khyjpapd; fij 2.5.3. fz;zfpf;fhf Ntz;ba NjNte;jp 2.5.4. fz;zfp fz;l fdT 2.5.5. Njte;jp fz;zfpia Nehd;G nra; vdy; 2.5.6. Nfhtyd; tUifAk; tUj;jKk; 2.5.7. rpyk;G cs nfhs;f

2.6. ehLfhz; fhij – (fhij -10) 2.6.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 2.6.2. tPl;il tpl;L ePq;Fjy; 2.6.3. Gfhiu ePq;fpg; Gwg;gLjy; 2.6.4. fTe;jpabfisf; fhZjy; 2.6.5. fTe;jpabfs; topj;Jiz 2.6.6. topapd; ,ay;G 2.6.7. tk;gg; guj;ijAk; tUnkhopahsDk; 2.7. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 2.8. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 2.9. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 33 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; --rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; -- kkJJiiuuff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; 3.1. fhLfhz; fhij (fhij -11) 3.1.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.1.2. khq;fhl;L kiwNahd; re;jpg;G 3.1.3. tyg;Gw topapd; ,ay;Gfs;

3.1.4. ,lg;Gw topapd; ,ay;Gfs; 3.1.5. ,il topapd; ,ay;Gfs; 3.1.6. Iiaf;Nfhl;lk; miljy; 3.2. Ntl;Lt tup (fhij -12) 3.2.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.2.2. nja;tk; Vwg; ngw;w rhypdpapd; Kof;fk; 3.2.3. nja;tk; Nghw;wpa nja;tf; fz;zfp 3.2.4. fz;zfpapd; mlf;fKilik 3.3. GwQ;Nrup ,Wj;j fhij (fhij -13) 3.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.3.2. kJiu Nehf;fpa %tupd; gazk; 3.3.3. Nfhrpfd; re;jpg;G 3.3.4. Nfhtyidg; gpupe;j Gfhupd; epiy 3.3.5. khjtpapd; ,uz;lhk; kly; 3.3.6. kly; rpwg;G 3.3.7. kJiuia miljy; 3.3.8. itia vd;Dk; ngha;ahf; Fyf;nfhb 3.3.9. ,J ePH MW md;W@ g+thW! 3.3.10. tuhjPH! tuhjPH !- top kwpj;j neLq;nfhb 3.4. CHfhz; fhij (fhij -14) 3.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.4.2. kJiuapd; mikg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; - mur tPjp 3.4.3. vz;nzz; fiyQH tPjp 3.4.4. etuj;jpdf; filtPjp 3.4.5. nghd;kpF filtPjp 3.4.6. Jzpf;fil tPjp 3.4.7. $yk; Ftpj;j $y tPjp 3.4.8. Nfhtyd; kJiuiaf; fz;L jpUk;Gjy; 3.5. milf;fyf; fhij (fhij -15) 3.5.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.5.2. khlyd; tUif 3.5.3. khlyd; Nfhtyidg; GfOjy; 3.5.4. fUiz kwtd; eP 3.5.5. jpUtUs; nry;td; eP 3.5.6. ,y;NyhH nrk;ky; eP 3.5.7. ,k;ikr; nra;jJ ey;tpid ! 3.5.8. khjupaplk; milf;fyk; mspj;jy; 3.6. nfhiyf;fsf; fhij (fhij -16) 3.6.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.6.2. fz;zfp rikj;jy; - NfhtyDf;Fg; gupkhWjy; 3.6.3. fz;zfp fw;gpd; jpwk; 3.6.4. tpid tpis fhyk; tpistpj;j Nfhyk; ! 3.7. Ma;r;rpaH Fuit (fhij -17) 3.7.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.7.2. jPa epkpj;jq;fs; 3.8. Jd;g khiy (fhij - 18) 3.8.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

3.8.2. Jd;gr;nra;jp 3.8.3. fz;zfp Gyk;gy; 3.9. CH#o; tup (fhij -19) 3.9.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.9.2. fz;zfp tQ;rpdk; 3.10. tof;Fiu fhij (fhij -20) 3.10.1 fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.10.2 ghz;bkhNjtpapd; jPf;fdT 3.10.3 fz;zfp tof;fhLjy;

3.11. tQ;rpd khiy (fhij – 21) 3.11.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.11.2. fz;zfp kJiu efu; kPJ nfhq;ifia vwpjy; 3.11.3. fz;zfp kJiuia vupj;jy; 3.12. mow;gL fhij (fhij -22) 3.12.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.12.2. kJiuapy;; epfo;e;j khw;wk; 3.12.3. fz;zfp Kd; kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; 3.13. fl;Liu fhij (fhij -23) 3.13.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 3.13.2. kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; fz;zfpaplk; NgRjy; 3.13.3. Nfhtydpd; Kw;gpwg;G tuyhW 3.13.4. fz;zfp kJiuia tpl;L ePq;Fjy; 3.13.5. fz;zfp> fztDld; thDyF nrd;whs;! 3.14 njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 3.15 Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 3.16. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 44 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; --rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; -- ttQQ;;rrppff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; -- 11 4.1. Fd;wf; Fuit (fhij -24) 4.1.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 4.1.2. Fwkfspu; tpdhTk; fz;zfp tpilAk; 4.1.3. fz;zfpj; nja;tk;

4.2. fhl;rpf; fhij (fhij – 25) 4.2.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 4.2.3. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; kiy tsk; fhzy; 4.2.4. FwtH fz;zfp gw;wpf; $Wjy; 4.2.5. jz;lkpo; Mrhd; rhj;jdhupd; tpsf;fk; 4.2.6. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; fz;zfpia topgl vz;Zjy;

4.3. fhy;Nfhl; fhij (fhij – 26) 4.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 4.3.2. nrq;Fl;Ltd; tQ;rpdk; 4.3.3. nrq;Fl;Ltd; tlehL miljy; 4.3.4. NghHf;fsepiy 4.3.5. fdf tpraH rpiwg;gLjy; 4.3.6. fz;zfp rpiyf;Ff; fy; nfhz;lhd;

4.4. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 4.5. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 4.6. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 55 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; --rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; -- ttQQ;;rrppff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; -- 22

5.1. ePHg;gilf; fhij (fhij – 27) 5.1.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 5.1.2. gj;jpdpf; fy;iy ePuhl;Ljy;

5.1.3. khlyd; tUif – kd;dDld; ciuahly; 5.1.4. khjup capH tply; 5.1.5. fTe;jp capH Jwj;jy; 5.1.6. Nfhtyd; ngw;NwhH epiy 5.1.7. fz;zfp ngw;NwhH epiy 5.1.8. khjtp JwT 5.1.9. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; tQ;rpailjy;

5.2. eLfw; fhij (fhij – 28) 5.2.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 5.2.2. nrq;Fl;Ltd; jd; Njtpiar; re;jpj;jy; 5.2.3. ePyd; KjyhNdhH tUif 5.2.4. khlyd; mwpTiu 5.2.5. fz;zfp flTs; kq;fyk;

5.3. tho;j;Jf; fhij (fhij – 29) 5.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 5.3.2. Njte;jp KjyhNdhH kJiu khefH nry;yy; 5.3.3. gyUk; muw;Wjy; 5.3.4. fz;zfpf; flTspd; eaTiu

5.4. tue;jU fhij (fhij – 30) 5.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk; 5.4.2. nrq;Fl;Ltd; tpdh 5.4.3. Njte;jpapd; tpil 5.4.4. fz;zfp nja;tk; tuk; juy; 5.4.5. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; mwTiu 5.5. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 5.6. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 5.7. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 66 jjppUUjj;;jjff;;ff NNjjttuu;; -- rrPPttff rrppee;;jjhhkkzzpp 6.1. rPtf rpe;jhkzp 6.2. ngaHf; fhuzk; 6.3. E}ypd; mikg;G 6.4. rPtf rpe;jhkzpapd; fijr; RUf;fk; 6.5. jpUj;jf;f NjtH 6.6. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;

6.7. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 6.8. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 77 –– rrPPttff rrppee;;jjhhkkzzpp –– NNffkkrruuppaahhuu;; ,,yykk;;ggffkk;;

7.1. NfkrupahH ,yk;gfk; fijr;RUf;fk; 7.2 rPtfdpd; fhl;L topg;gazk; 7.3 rPtfd; jtg;gs;spia miljy; 7.4. rPtfd; Kdptu;fSf;F cgNjrpj;jy; 7.5. rPtfd; jf;f ehl;il miljy; 7.6. NfkkhGuj;jpd; vopy; 7.7. Rgj;jpud; kfs; Nfkrup 7.8. rPtfidf; fz;l Rgj;jpud; 7.9. rPtfd; Rgj;jpud; tPl;il miljy; 7.10. rPtfidf; fz;l Nfkrup 7.11. rPtfd; Nfkrup jpUkzk; 7.12. rPtfd; Nfkrup ,U jpq;fs; ,d;GWjy; 7.13. rPtfd; Nfkrupia tpl;Lg; gpupjy; 7.14. Nfkrupapd; gpupTj;Jau; 7.15. Nfkrupf;Fj; nja;tk; MWjy; $Wjy; 7.16. jhahd epg;Gjp Nfkrupiaj; Njw;Wjy; 7.18. rPtfd; gazk; 7.19. topg;Nghf;fd; re;jpg;Gk; rPtfd; mwTiuAk; 7.20. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 7.21. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 7.22. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 88 -- rrPPttff rrppee;;jjhhkkzzpp -- mmwwff;;ffUUjj;;JJff;;ffss;; 8.1. Kd;Diu 8.2. rkz mwf; Nfhl;ghL 8.3. gQ;r ek];fhuk; 8.4. Kk;kzpf; Nfhl;ghL 8.5. tpidf; nfhs;ifAk; gpwTk; 8.6. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;

8.7. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; . 8.8. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 99 ffkk;;gguu;; -- ffkk;;gguuhhkkhhaazzkk;; -- mmNNaahhjj;;jjppaahh ffhhzz;;llkk;; 9.1. fk;gh; 9.2. fk;gupd; ftpg;Gyik 9.3. ,yf;fpag;gzp 9.4. fk;guhkhazk; 9.5. fk;guhkhazk; - mikg;G

9.6. fk;guhkhazj;jpd; top Ehy;fs; 9.7. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; 9.8. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 9.9. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 9.10. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 1100 ffkk;;gguuhhkkhhaazzkk;; -- mmNNaahhjj;;jjppaahh ffhhzz;;llkk;; 10.1. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; mikg;G 10.2. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; RUf;fk; 10.3. ke;jpuhNyhrid rig $ly; 10.4. Kb#l;LtpohTf;fhd Vw;ghL 10.5. $dp vd;Dk; nfhLq;$w;W 10.6. ifNfapapd; rpdk; 10.7. ifNfapapd; kdkhw;wk; 10.8. ifNfapapd; epfo;j;jpa ehlfk; 10.9. jrujd; kd;whly; 10.10. ifNfap ,uhkd; re;jpg;G 10.11. Nfhriyiar; re;jpj;j ,uhkd; 10.12. Nrhfj;jpy; %o;fpa nrhh;f;fGup 10.13. jrujd; jd; Kd; tuyhW $wy; 10.14. ,yf;Ftd; rpdk; jdpj;j ,uhkd; 10.15. ,uhkd; fhl;bw;Fg; Gwg;gly; 10.16. fz;zPu; tpl;Lf; fjwpa kf;fs; 10.17. efiu tpl;L ePq;fpa efuj;J khe;jHfs; 10.18. Rke;jpud; mNahj;jp jpUk;Gjy; 10.19. jrujd; capH tply; 10.20. fq;iff; fiuapy; ,uhkd; Ffidr; re;jpj;jy; 10.21. ,uhkd; fq;ifiaf; flj;jy; 10.22. rpj;jpu$l kiyapd; vopy; 10.23. Nffa ehl;by; gujd; 10.24. mNahj;jpapd; fz;ljpu;e;j gujd; 10.25. ifNfapiag; gopj;j gujd; 10.26. Nfhriyiaf; fz;l gujd; 10.28. rj;Uf;Fdd; ,Wjpf;fld; nra;jy; 10.29. muNrw;FkhW gujid Ntz;Ljy; 10.30. ,uhkid mioj;J tug; Gwg;gl;l gujd; 10.31. gujdpd; gilia re;Njfpj;j Ffd; 10.32. gujdpd; Nfhyk; fz;ljpu;e;j Ffd; 10.33. gujd; Ffdplk; cjtp Ntz;Ljy; 10.34. gujDk; rpj;jpu$lk; miljy; 10.35. ,yf;Ftd; rpdk; jzpj;j ,uhkd; 10.36. jha;khHfs; ,uhkidr; re;jpj;jy; 10.37. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 10.38. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 10.39. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW 1111 -- NNrrff;;ffppoohhuu;; -- jjppUUjj;;nnjjhhzz;;llhh;;GGuuhhzzkk;; -- gg++rryyhhHH GGuuhhzzkk;; 11.1 jpUj;njhz;lH Guhzk; 11.2. fhg;gpag; gFg;G 11.3. fhg;gpa mikg;G 11.4. fhg;gpa Nehf;fk; 11.5. fhg;gpar; rpwg;G 11.6. E}yhrpupaH- Nrf;fpohH 11.7. g+ryhH ehadhu; Guhzk; - RUf;fk; 11.8. jpUepd;wt+upd; rpwg;G 11.9. g+ryhH Nehf;fk; 11.10. jpUf;Nfhapy; mikf;f Kw;gLjy; 11.11. cs;sj;jpy; cau;e;j Nfhapy; 11.12. murd; mikj;j Myak; 11.13. fdtpy; te;j flTs; 11.14. mbatiuj; Njb te;j murd; 11.15. mbatiug; gzpe;j murd; 11.16. kdf;Nfhapyp;;y; kq;fs tpoh 11.17. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 11.18. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 11.19. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 1122 ttPPuukkhhKKddppttHH -- NNjjkk;;gghhttzzpp -- gghhiiyyGGFF ggllyykk;; 12.1. Njk;ghtzp 12.1.1. Njk;ghtzpapd; nghUs; 12.1.2. Njk;ghtzpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; 12.1.3. E}ypd; mikg;G 12.1.5. fijr; RUf;fk; 12.1.6. fhg;gpa mikg;G 12.2.1 tPukhKdptH tho;f;if tuyhW 12.2.2. jkpo;j;njhz;L 12.3. ghiyGF glyk; 12.3.1. fhd; topg; gazk; 12.3.2. Ru topg; gazk; 12.3.3. gazk; fz;L gijj;jd vy;yhk; 12.3.4. nfhba ghiytdk; 12.3.5. ghiy FspHe;jJ 12.3.6. ghiyapy; vOe;j ghly; 12.3.7. #irapd; Nghw;wpg; ghly; 12.3.8. thdtH gilj;j tpUe;J 12.3.9. vyPa Kdptd; tuyhW 12.3.10. ghiytdj;J %d;W topfs; 12.4. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 12.5. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs;

12.6. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 1133 -- cckkWWgg;; GGyyttHH -- rrPPwwhhgg;; GGuuhhzzkk;; 13.1.1 rPwhg; Guhzk; 13.1.2. rPwhg;Guhz mikg;G 13.1.3. tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk; (nkhj;jk; 23 glyq;fs;) 13.1.4.. EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk; (nkhj;jk; 21 glyq;fs;) 13.1.5.. ,rpwj;Jf;(`p[pwj;Jf;;)fhz;lk; (nkhj;jk; 47 glyq;fs;) 13.2.1. ckWg;GytH 13.2.2. ckWg;GytH tuyhW 13.2.2. rPwhg;Guhzk; ,aw;wg;ngw;w tuyhW 13.3. rPwhg;Guhzk; - khDf;Fg; gpiz epd;w glyk; 13.3. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 13.4. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 13.5. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

$$WW –– 1144 -- kkhhDDff;;FFgg;; ggppiizz eeppdd;;ww ggllyykk;; 14.1. KfkJ egp tdj;jpy; fz;l fhl;rp 14.2. tiyapy; rpf;fpa khd; 14.3. khDf;fhf kdk; fyq;fpa egp 14.4. egpfsplk; ngz;khd; Kiwaply; 14.5. fU tsu;j;j egpfspd; ehkk; 14.6. ,d;gj;jpd; ,ilNa te;j Jd;gk; 14.7. tiyapy; tPo;e;j tz;z khd;fs; 14.8. khdpd; kaf;fk; 14.9. egpapd; ey;Yjtpia ehba khd; 14.10. khDf;Fg; gpiz epd;w khkdpju; egp 14.11. Fl;bf;Fg; ghYhl;ba khd; 14.12. rj;jpak; fhj;j khd; 14.13. ngz;khd; vLj;j KbT 14.14. Ntldpd; kdkhw;wk; 14.15. khidg; Nghw;wpa khdpld; 14.16. $l;lj;ijr; nrd;wile;j khd; 14.17. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; 14.18. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 14.19. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;

1

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Self Instructional Material

$W.1. ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; --rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; ;; -- GGffhhuu;;ff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; --11 1.1 gjpfk;

1.1.1. ,sq;NfhtbfSf;Ff; Fd;wf; FwtH $wpa tpe;ij

Ehypd; nghUisj; njhFj;J ciug;gJ gjpfk;. gjpfk;

vd;gij ,f;fhyj;jpy; cs;s mzpe;Jiu my;yJ KfTiu Nghyf;

nfhs;syhk.; E}y; Njhd;wpa tuyhw;iwAk; E}y; gFg;igAk; ,J

czHj;JfpwJ. Nrud; nrq;Fl;LtDf;F ,styhfpa ,sq;Nfhtbfs;

jpUf;Fzthapy; Nfhl;lj;jpy; mur Nghfj;ijj; Jwe;J Jwtwk;

jhq;fpapUe;jhH. kiytsk; fhzr; nrd;w mtuplj;jpy; Fd;wf; FutH

vy;NyhUk; xUq;F jpuz;L nrd;W jd; Fd;wj;jpd;fz; epfo;e;j

epfo;r;rpia vLj;Jf; $wpdH. nghd;NghYk; g+f;fis cila

Ntq;if kuj;jpd; moF xspUk; epoypy; xU Kiy ,oe;J te;J

epd;whs; mofpa gj;jpdp xUj;jp. ,e;jpudpd; Rw;wj;jtuhk; NjtHfs;

mtsplj;jpy; neUq;fp te;J mtSila md;Gf; fztid

mtSf;Ff; fhl;b gpd;G mtisAk; mioj;Jf;nfhz;L vk; fl;Gyk;

fhz tpz;zfk; NghapdH. ,J Xu; mjprakhf ,Ue;jJ vd;wdH

kiytho; kf;fs;.

1.1.2. rhj;jdhH epfo;e;jijf; $Wjy;

mg;NghJ jz;lkpo; Mrhd; Mfpa rhj;jdhH ,sq;Nfhtbfs;

cld; ,Ue;jhH. mtH ahdJ epfo;e;jtw;iw mwpFtd; vd;W $wp

ele;j fijiar; nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpdhH. rhj;jdhH $wpa fijiaf;

Nfl;l ,sq;Nfhtbfs;

miurpay; gpioj;NjhHf;F mwk; $w;W MtJ}ck;

ciurhy; gj;jpdpf; FaHe;NjhH Vj;jYk;

Co;tpid cUj;Jte;J Cl;Lk; vd;gJ}ck;

#o;tpidr; rpyk;G fhuz khfr;

rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ehl;LJk; ahNkhH ghl;Lilr;

nra;As;

vd;W nrhy;y mJNfl;L kfpo;e;j rhj;jdhH “KbnfO Nte;jH %tHf;Fk; cupaJ mbfs; ePNu mUSf” vd Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhH. Kg;gJ fhijapy; Kj;jkpo; fhg;gpak; Kfpo;j;jJ.

1.2. ciungW fl;Liu 1.2.1. ghz;badpd; gj;jpdp topghL

ghz;ba ehL> gj;jpdpahy; vupf;fg;gl;l md;W njhlq;fp>

kioapd;wp epyk; twz;lJ. kf;fs; tWikAw;wdH@ ntg;G NehAk;

2

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nfhg;GsKk; ,iltplhJ Jd;GWj;jpd. nghw;nfhy;yH MaputH

xd;W$b> jk;Ks; xUtd; nra;j Fw;wj;jhy; ekJ Fyj;jpw;Nf gop

NeHe;jJ vd ehzpj; jk;ikj; jhNk gypapl;Lf; nfhz;ldH. mjdhy;

ghz;ba ehl;Lg; Gfo; NkYk; rpwe;jJ@ gj;jpdpapd; rPw;wk; jzpe;jJ@

nfhw;ifapy; ,Ue;j ntw;wpNtw; nropad; muR fl;bNywpdhd;@

gj;jpdpf;Fg; g+ir nra;jhd;> tpoh vLj;jhd.; mjdhy;> kio kpfg;

nga;jJ@ tpisT ngUfpaJ. Kd;$wpa gpzpAk; tWikAk; tpyfpd.

1.2.2. nfhq;F ,sq;Nfhrupd; gj;jpdp topghL

ghz;ba ehl;by; ele;j epfo;r;rpfisg; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpAw;wdH>

nfhq;F kz;byj;J ,sq;Nfhf;fshfpa NfhrH> jq;fs; ehl;bYk;

gj;jpdpf;Fg; g+irAk; tpohTk; nra;jdH. mjdhy; gUte;NjhWk;

kio jtwhJ nga;jJ.

1.2.3. fathF kd;ddpd; gj;jpdp topghL

ghz;baDk; nfhq;fpsk;NfhrUk; gj;jpdpia topgl;L ed;ik

mile;j nra;jpiaf; fly; #o; ,yq;ifapd; murdhd fathFTk;

Nfs;tpAw;whd;. mq;F ehs; g+ir nra;J topgl gypgPlk; epWtpg;

gpd; Nfhl;lk; mikj;jhd.; Jd;gk; njhiyj;J ekf;F tuk; jUgts;

,ts; vdf; fUjp xt;NthH Mz;Lk; Mbj; jpq;fspy; tpoh

elj;jpdhd;. mjdhy; thdk; Fd;whJ kio nga;a> gy;tsk;

ngUfpd@ ,yq;if ngha;ahj tpistpidAila tsehlhapw;W.

Nfhtyd; nfhiyAz;lJk;> kJiu vupe;jJk; Mb khjj;jpy;

Mjypd;> fathF Mbapy; tpoh vLj;jhd; .

1.2.4. Nrhodpd; gj;jpdp topghL

ghz;bad;> nfhq;fpsk;NfhrH> fathF MfpNahH gj;jpdpia

topgl;L eyk; ngw;wdH vd;gjidf; Nfs;tpAw;whd; Nrhod;

ngUq;fps;sp. ,ts; xU gj;jpdpf; flTs; Mjypd; ve;epiyapYk;

ekf;F tuk; jUths; vdf; fUjp > ciwa+upy; fz;zfpf;Ff;

Nfhapy; fl;b> ehs;NjhWk; g+irf;Fk; tpohTf;Fk; Vw;ghL nra;jhd;.

mjdhy; ehL Nkk;ghLw;wJ.

GGffhhHHff;; ffhhzz;;llkk;

1.3. kq;fy tho;j;Jg; ghly; (fhij – 1) 1.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

Nrhodpd; Fil Nghd;wJ jpq;fs.; mtdJ jpfpup Nghd;wJ

QhapW. mtdJ jz;zsp Nghd;wJ kio. mtdJ njhy;Fb

Nghd;w ngUikAilaJ GfhH efuk;. fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdkhfpa

mg;g+k;GfhH ,kak; Nghy;> nghjpapy; Nghy; moptpy;yhjJ. mk;

3

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


khefupy; kheha;fd; kfshff; fz;zfp gpwe;jhs;@ taJ gd;dpuz;L@

jPjpyh mUe;jjp Nghd;w fw;gpds;. mg;Gfhupy; khrhj;Jthd; kfshfj;

Njhd;wpdhd; Nfhtyd;. taJ gjpdhW. KUfNts; Nghd;w

rpwg;Gilatd;. ,j;jifa fz;zfp - Nfhtyd; jpUkzk; fhz;ghH

tpaf;FkhW eilngw;wJ. 'fhjyH gpupahky; tho;f!' vd tho;j;jpdH

kfspH.

jpUkz tho;j;J vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs.; GfhHf; fhz;lk;

MjyhYk; gyH $b Mbg; ghLk; ,irg; ghlyhf ,f;FO ghly;

mike;jpUg;gjhYk; ,J Nrho kd;dd; tho;j;Jld; njhlq;fp

mt;tho;j;Jld;; epiwT ngWfpwJ. NkYk; jpq;fs; QhapW kio

GfhH vd;W ,tw;iwg; Nghw;WtJ NghyTk; ,J epfo;tjhy; ,jid

,aw;if tho;j;jhfTk; flTs; tho;j;jhfTk; rhd;NwhH ghuhl;LtH.

Kjypy; cs;s jpq;fisg; Nghw;WJk; vd;w tho;j;J NrhodJ

ntz;nfhw;wf; Filiag; Gfo;tJ Nghy; mikjyhy; mjidf;

Fil kq;fyk; vd Gwj; JiwAld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fTk;

tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ. rpyg;gjpfhuk; ehlff; fhg;gpak; vd;gjw;F Vw;g

fz;zfp Nfhtyd; jpUkzKk; jpUkz tho;j;Jkhfpa fijapd;

,ilg;gFjp xd;wpypUe;J fhg;gpak; njhlq;FfpwJ vd;gH. Mly;

ghlyhf ,e;E}y; njhlq;FtJ ,jid xU ehlfk; vdf; fUj ,lk;

jUfpwJ. Vnddpy; ehlfq;fs; FOtpdH jk; FOg;ghlNyhL

njhlq;FtJ kughFk;

1.3.2.flTs; tho;j;jhf mikAk; mur tho;j;J

jpq;fisg; Nghw;WJk; jpq;fisg; Nghw;WJk;

nfhq;F myH jhHr; nrd;dp FspH ntz;FilNghd;W ,t;

mq;fz; cyF mspj;jyhd;

QhapW Nghw;WJk; QhapW Nghw;WJk;

fhtpup ehld; jpfpup Nghy; nghd; Nfhl;L

NkU tyk; jpupjyhd;

khkio Nghw;WJk; khkio Nghw;WJk;

ehk ePH Ntyp cyfpw;F mtd; mspNghy;

Nky;epd;W jhd; Ruj;j yhd;.

g+k;GfhH Nghw;WJk; g+k;GfhH Nghw;WJk;

tPq;F ePH Ntyp cyfpw;F mtd; Fyj;NjhL

Xq;fpg; gue;J xOfyhd;.

jpq;fisg; Nghw;WNthk;! jpq;fisg; Nghw;WNthk;! g+e;jhJ

rpe;Jk; khiyAila Nrhodpd; ntz; nfhw;wf; Fil Nghy ,e;j

4

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mofpa ,lj;ijAila cyfpy; fUiz nghopjyhy;> jpq;fisg;

Nghw;WNthk;! Qhapw;iwg; Nghw;WNthk;! Qhapw;iwg; Nghw;WNthk;!

fhtpup ehlilAila Nrhodpd; Mizr; rf;fuk; Nghy;>

nghd;dhyhd cr;rpiaAila NkU kiyia> mJTk; tykhfr;

Rw;wp tUtjhy; Qhapw;iwg; Nghw;WNthk;! rpwe;j kioiag;

Nghw;WNthk;! rpwe;j kioiag; Nghw;WNthk; ! mr;rk; jUk; flyhy;

#og;gl;l cyfpw;F> mr;Nrhod; mUSjy; Nghy;> Nky; epd;W ePiug;

nga;J tsk; jUjyhy;> rpwe;j kioiag; Nghw;WNthk;! mofpa

Gfhupidg; Nghw;WNthk;! mofpa Gfhupidg; Nghw;WNthk;! kpf;f

ePiuAila fliy Ntypahf cila cyfpy;> goq;fhyk; Kjy;

Nrho kuGld; jhDk; gue;Njhq;F GfOld; jpfo;jyhy; mofpa

Gfhupidg; Nghw;WNthk;!

1.3.3. fz;zfp khfthd; epfHtz;if kheha;fd; Fyf;nfhk;gH

<if thd; nfhb md;dhs; <uhW Mz;L mfitahs;>

Nghjpy;MH jpUtpdhs; Gfo;cil tbT vd;Wk;

jPJ ,yh tlkPdpd; jpwk; ,ts; jpwk; vd;Wk;

khjuhH njhOJ Vj;j taq;fpa ngUk; Fzj;Jf;

fhjyhs; ngaH kd;Dk; fz;zfp vd;ghs; kd;Ndh>

me;jg; GfhH efupNy> thd; kio Nghd;w nfhilj;jd;ik

nghUe;jpa ifiaAilatd; kheha;fd; vd;Dk; tzpfd; mtdJ

Fyk; tpsq;fj; Njhd;wpa fz;zfp> g+q;nfhk;G Nghd;wts;@ moF

kpf;f thd ty;ypf; nfhb midahs;@ gd;dpuz;L Mz;L tajpds;@

nre;jhkiu kyupy; ciwAk; jpUkfspd; GfOila tbT ,ts;

tbit xf;Fk; vd;Wk;> mUe;jjpapd; fw;G ,ts; fw;ig epfHf;Fk;

vd;Wk; mt;t+H kf;fs; tpae;J Nghw;WkhW ngUq; Fzq;fis

tpUk;Gk; gz;gpds;!

1.3.4. Nfhtyd; tU epjp gpwHf;F MHj;Jk; khrhj;Jthd; vd;ghd;

,U epjp fpotd; kfd; <nul;L Mz;L mfitahd;

kz; Nja;j;j Gfopdhd; kjp Kf klthH jk;

gz; Nja;j;j nkhopapdhH Maj;Jg; ghuhl;bf;

fz;L Vj;Jk; nrt;Nts; vd;W ,ir Nghf;fpf; fhjyhy;

nfhz;L Vj;Jk; fpoikahd; Nfhtyd; vd;ghd; kd;Ndh.

me;jg; GfhH efupNy> neLepyk; KOtijAk; xU jdp MSk;

kh kd;ddhd Nrhod;> jiyikj; jd;ik nghUe;jpa rpy Fbfis

5

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


caH Fbfshff; fUjpg; Nghw;wp te;jhd;. mj;jifa rpwe;j Fbg;

ngUikAld; caHe;J Xq;fpa nry;tj;ijAk; cilatd;

khrhj;Jthd;! mtd; mwnewpapy; nghUis <l;Lgtd;@ mjid

twpNahHf;F toq;Fgtd;@ rq;f epjp> gJkepjp vd;Dk; ,U epjpf;F

cupatd;. mtd; ike;jd; Nfhtyd;> gjpdhW Mz;L tajpdd;.

mf;Nfhtyd;> g+kp rpwpjhFkhW kpf tsHe;j GfOilatd;@ ,iria

ntd;w nkhopapduhfpa> jpq;fs; NghYk; Kfj;ijAila kfspH

jkJ Maj;jpy;> ' cyfpy; fz;fspf;ff; fz;L Jjpf;fj;jFk;

KUfNts; ,td; ' vd;W ghuhl;b> mtdJ Gfiog; gug;gp> jk;

kdj;Js; fhjy; nfhz;L Nghw;Wjw;Fupatd;

1.3.5. jpUkzk; ePy tpjhdj;J epj;jpyg;g+k; ge;jHf;fPo;

thD}H kjpaQ; rfliza rhyp xU

kPd; jifahisf; Nfhtyd;

khKJ ghHg;ghd; kiwtop fhl;blj;:

jP tyk; nra;tJ fhz;ghH fz; Nehd;G vd;id

mj;jifa ,UtiuAk; mtHjk; ngUikkpF ngw;NwhH> xU

ngUehspNy> jpUkzf; Nfhyj;jpy; fhz tpUk;gp kq;fy kfspiu

ahid kPNjw;wp efH vq;Fk; jpUkzr; nra;jpiaj; njuptpj;jdH.

jpUkz ehsd;W KuRfs; xypj;jd . kj;jsq;fs; MHj;jd.

rq;Ffs; KiwNa Koq;fpd. murdJ cyhg;Nghy ntz; Filfs;

vOe;jd. kq;fy ehZk; CHtykhfr; nrd;wJ. khiyfs;

nghUe;jpa cr;rpAld; $ba kz;lgj;jpy; > ePyg; gl;bdhyhd

tpjhdk; mike;j mofpa Kj;Jg; ge;juplj;Nj thdpy; nry;tk;

re;jpud; cNuhfpzpiar; rhUk; ey;y ehspy;> thdj;jpYs;s xg;gw;w

el;rj;jpukhfpa mUe;jjp NghYk; fw;Gila fz;zfpiaf; Nfhtyd;>

kpfTk; tajhd me;jzd; Ntjnewpg;gb rlq;Ffis epfo;j;j

kze;J > jPapid ,UtUk; tyk; te;j fhl;rpiaf; fhz;gtH

fz;fs; Kd;G nra;j jtk;jhd; ahNjh.

1.3.6. jpUkz tho;j;J fhjyw; gpupahky; ftTf;if nQfpohky;

jPJ mWf vd Vj;jpr; rpy kyH nfhL J}tp

mg;nghOJ kyuzpe;j mofpa nghd; nfhb Nghd;w kfspH rpyh;

,ts; jd; fhjyidf; fz;zpDk; kdj;jpDk; gpupahjpUg;ghshf>

mtDk; ,tisg; gpizj;j if nefpohky; ,Ug;ghdhf > ,UtUk;

jPJ ,d;wp ePL tho;f " vdr; rpd; kyHfisj; Jhtp tho;j;jpdH.

6

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




1.4. kidawk;gLj;j fhij (fhij – 2) 1.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

gujH kype;j gak; nfO kh efH

Koq;F fly; Qhyk; KOtJk; tupDk;

toq;fj; jthm tsj;jJ Mfp

mU nghUs; jUck; tpUe;jpd; Njvk;

fhjyH ,UtUk; vOepiy khlj;J ,il epyj;jpy; QhapWk;

jpq;fSk; Nghy> kyHg; gLf;ifapy; $bf; fspj;jdH. fhjy;

tag;gl;l Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia> ' khrW nghd;Nd ! tyk;Gup

Kj;Nj ! ' vdg; gythW ghuhl;bdhd; > ,f;fhjy; nkhop > jkpo;

,yf;fpak; vq;Fk; fhzhr; rpwg;GilaJ . mtHjk; ,y;yw tho;tpd;

rpwg;gpidf; fhz tpioe;j ngw;NwhH mtHfisj; jdp kidapy;

,Uf;fr; nra;jdH . rpy Mz;Lfs; ,dpNj fope;jd .

1.4.2. GfhH efuj;jpy; Nfhtyd; fz;zfp $b ,d;GWjy;

GfhH efuk; nry;tr; nropg;G kpf;f Gfo;ngw;w efuk;.

fly;fSf;F mg;ghYs;s cyfpdH midtUk; te;J $bdhYk;

midtUk; tpUk;Gtdtw;iwnay;yhk; toq;fr; rypahj thzpf

tsj;ij cilaJ ,t;t+H. mUikahd nghUs;fs; gy ehl;L

gz;lq;fs; gytw;iwAk; cilajhf mJ tpsq;fpw;W. fly;

topahfTk; jiu topahfTk; nghUis nfhzHe;J Ftpj;j tz;zk;

,Ue;jdH vd;Wk; Fd;whj gz;Gilatuhfj; jpfo;e;j tzpfg;

ngUkf;fs; mj;jifa nry;tj;jhy; mupa Kaw;rpfs; gytw;iwAk;

Kbj;J itj;jhH Nghy; Njhd;wpdH. ,q;Nf Ftis kyH Nghd;w

fz;iz cila fz;zfpAk; mtSila fhjy; nfhOeDk; Mfpa

NfhtyDk; kaNd Neupy; nra;J itj;jJ Nghd;w kzpf; fl;bypd;

Nky; mkHe;jpUe;jdH. mtHfs; eLepiy khlkhfpa vOepiy

khlj;jpy; ,il epiy Mfpa ehd;fhk; khlj;jpy; mkHe;J ,Ue;jdH.

1.4.3. tz;nlhL Gf;f kztha;j; njd;wy;

nrq;fOePH Nrjhk;gy; ,jo;f; Ftis mUk;G mtpo; tz;Lfs;

xypf;Fk; jhkiu Kjyhd ePHg; g+f;fspd; kdj;jpid cz;L ePHg;

g+f;fspd; Ntwhd rpwg;Gkpf;f jhioapd; tpupe;j ,jo;fs; nrz;gff;

fhtpy; khiy Nghy g+j;jpUf;Fk; khjtp kyH Mfpatw;wpid

Muha;e;J cz;L xsptPRk; Kfj;ijAila kfspupd; RUz;l

$e;jiy ngWtjw;F ,aq;fp tUk; tz;Lfs; kzpf;Nfhit xOq;F

tupirahf mike;j mofpa rhsuj;jpd; FWfpa Jiwfspy;

Eioe;J tz;Lfs; cld; te;j kzk; kpf;f njd;wiyf; fz;L

7

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


fhjyH ,UtUk; kfpo;e;jdH. mtu;fs; Kjy;epiy khlj;jpd;

,ilepd;W ePq;fp kzk; kpf;f kyH fz;fhl;rp ,Uf;Fk; epyhKw;wk;

Mfpa VohtJ khbf;Fr; nrd;wdH.

1.4.4. Nfhtyd; $wpa Fwpahf; fl;Liu

KjpH fly; Qhyk; KOtJk; tpsf;Fk;

fjpH xUq;fpUe;j fhl;rp Nghy

jhUk; khiyAk; kaq;fpf; ifaw;Wj;

jPuhf; fhjypd; jpUKfk; Nehf;fpf;

Nfhtyd; $Wk; XH Fwpahf; fl;Liu

khrW nghd;Nd. tyk;Gup Kj;Nj

fhrW tpiuNa fUk;Ng NjNd

mUk;ngwy; ghtha; MH capH kUe;Nj

ngUq; Fb thzpfd; ngU kl kfNs

kiyapilg; gpwth kzpNa vd;Nfh

miy ,ilg; gpwth mkpo;Nj vd;Nfh

aho; ,ilg; gpwth ,irNa vd;Nfh

jho; ,U $e;jy; ijahy; epd;id vd;W

cythf; fl;Liu gy ghuhl;bj;

eWkyH g+f;fs; gug;gg;gl;l kQ;rj;jpNy ,UtUk; mku

mf;fhl;rp MdJ fly; #o; cyfk; KOtijAk; tpsq;fr; nra;Ak;

#upaDk; jpq;fSk; xU Nru ,Ue;jhw; Nghy; mtHfs;

Njhw;wkspj;jdh;. mtHfs; ,UtUk; fhjyhy; md;Gld; jOtpf;

nfhs;s jhUk; khiyAk; fiye;J Fiye;jd. ,r;#oypy; Nfhtyd;

ePq;fhj fhjYld; jpUkfs; Nghd;w fz;zfpapd; mofpid Nehf;fp

,Jtiu vz;zpg; ghHf;fhj nghUs; nrwpe;j nrhw;fshy; mtsJ

moifg; Gfo;e;J $wj; njhlq;fpdhd.; gpiwr;re;jpud; MdJ

,ikatH Nghw;wr; rptngUkhdpd; KbkPJ moFld; ,Uf;ff; $ba

jFjp cilaJ MapDk; jpUkfshd cd;Dld; ghw;flypy; gpwe;j

fhuzj;jpdhy; mjid cdf;F Kjyhf nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhd.;

NghHf;fsj;jpy; Nghupy; <LgLk; tPuUf;Fg; gilf;fUtp mspf;Fk;

kuG xd;W cz;L. cUtk; ,y;yhjtd; Mfpa fhkd; jd; xU

ngupa fUk;G tpy;ypid cdf;F fupa ,U GUtkhff;

nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhd;. mopjyw;w jd;ik ngWjw;Fupa kUe;jhfpa

mkpo;jj;jpw;F Kd;dHj; jpUkfshfpa eP gpwe;jha;. vdNt NjtUf;F

Nte;jdhfpa ,e;jpud; mRuiu mopj;Jj; Njtiu fhg;gjw;fhf vLj;j

tr;rpug;gilia cdf;F ,ilahff; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhd.; xg;gw;w

8

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




KUff; flTs; xU fhuzk; ,d;wpAk; ehd; Jd;GWk; ,ay;igj; jd;

fz;fshy; fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fj;Jld; jdJ RlHkpF

Nty; xd;iw cd; Kfj;jpy; FspHr;rp kpf;f ,uz;L fz;fshf

MFkhW cdf;Ff; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhd.; eWkyH #ba NfhijNa

cdf;F xg;gid nra;Ak; kfspH Fw;wkpy;yhj cdJ ,aw;if

moF ,Uf;f NtW rpy mzpfis cdf;Fr; #l;Lfpd;wdH mjdhy;

eP ngw;w moFjhd; ahJ?. gythfpa epdJ fUq;$e;jypy;

kq;fykhfr; rpy kyHfisr; #l;lhky; xspkpf;f ,tH ,e;j

khiyia Vd; mtHfs; #l;lNtz;Lk;? $e;jYf;F kzk; cs;s

ey;y mfpw;Gif Cl;b mNjhL f];J}upr; rhe;ijAk; Vd; mtHfs;

Cl;lNtz;Lk?; epdJ mofpa Kiyj;jlj;jpd; kPJ vOjpaNjhL

xw;iw tl Kj;J khiyiaAk; Vd; mtHfs; #l;lNtz;Lk?; jpq;fs;

Nghd;w Kfj;jpy; Kj;Jg;Nghd;w tpaHit Njhd;w Ez;zpa ,il

tUe;j ,tw;iw mspj;jdH vd;why; mtHfs; vy;yhk; gpj;J

gpbj;jtHfNsh? khrw;w nghd; Nghd;wtNs> tyk;Gupr; rq;F <d;w

Kj;Jg; Nghd;wtNs> fUk;G Nghd;wtNs> Njd; Nghd;wtNs>

ngww;fupa ghit Nghd;wtNs> MH capiu epiyf;fr; nra;Ak;

kUe;J Nghd;wtNs> ngUq;Fb thzpfd; ngw;nwLj;j rpwg;G kpf;f

,sk; kfNs> ePz;l fUq;$e;jiy cila ijaNy> cd;id

kiyapilg; gpwth kzpNa vd;Ngdh> flypilg; gpwthj mkpo;Nj

vd;Ngdh> ,y;iy ahopirg; gpwthj ,irNa vd;Ngdh vd;W

gytw;why; eyk; ghuhl;b moF tpsq;Fk; khiyazpe;j

fz;zfpAld; xsp tpsq;Fk; jhupidg; Gide;j Nfhtyd;

kfpo;e;jpUe;jhd.;

1.4.5. jdpf;Fbj;jdk;

,t;thwhff; fz;zfpAk; NfhtyDk; ,d;Gw;W kfpo;e;J

tho;e;J tUk;NghJ xU ehs; Nfhtydpd; jhahfpa khrhj;Jthd;

kidtp jd; kUkfshd fz;zfpapd; kwj;jy; mwpah Rw;wj;ijg;

Nghw;WjYk; mwNthiu Xk;GjYk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrupj;jYkhfpa

ew;gz;GfSld; kpf;f nry;tj;NjhL $ba ,y;tho;f;ifapd;

ngUQ;rpwg;gpidf; fhz tpioe;jhs.; vdNt Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia

Vty; gzp Gupaj; jf;f gzpahsNuhL jdpf;FLk;gk; itj;jhs;.

mtHfSk; ,y;ywk; khz;Gld; elj;jpdH. ,t;thW fhzj;jf;fr;

rpwg;gpidAila fz;zfp ey;yhspd; ,y;yw tho;tpy; rpy

Mz;Lfs; fope;jd.

9

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


1.5. muq;Nfw;W fhij (fhij – 3) 1.5.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

khjtp fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdj;jpy; fzpifaH Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jts;.

Mly;> ghly>; xg;gid vd;Dk; %d;wpYk; rpwe;jts; @ Vohz;L

fhyk; Mlw;gapw;rp ngw;wts;. Nrhog; Nguurd; Kd;dpiyapy;

mtsJ muq;Nfw;wk; epfo;e;jJ. Mliyf; fz;Lfspj;j kd;dd;

jiyf;Nfhy; gl;lj;ijAk; > gRk;nghd; khiyiaAk; mtSf;Fg;

guprhf mspj;jhd; . " ,k;khiy Mapuj;njl;Lf; foQ;R nghd; tpiy

kjpg;GilaJ @ ,t;tsT tpiy nfhLj;J thq;FNthd; khjtpf;F

cupatd; Mthd; ! " vd;W $wp > mjid efu ek;gpaH jpupAk;

tPjpapy; tpw;gJ Nghy; Njhop $dpia epw;FkhW nra;jhs;>

khjtpapd; jha; ! NfhtyDk; khiyia thq;fp khjtpia

mile;jhd; . mtSld;> tpLjywpah tpUg;Gld; kaq;fpf; fple;jhd;@

Fw;wkw;w fz;zfpia kwe;jhd.;

1.5.2. fiykfs; khjtp mwpKfk;

rpwg;gpw; Fd;whr; nra;ifnahL nghUe;jpa

gpwg;gpw; Fd;whg; ngUe;Njhs; kle;ij

jhJmtpo; GupFoy; khjtp jd;id

MlYk; ghlYk; moFk; vd;W,f;

$wpa %d;wpd; xd;WFiw glhky;

Vohz;L ,aw;wpXH <uhW Mz;by;

#o;fly; kd;dw;Ff; fhl;ly; Ntz;b>

nja;tj;jd;ik nghUe;jpa nghjpa kiyapy; cs;s

mfj;jpa Kdptupd; mUshy; ,e;jpud; kfd; rae;jd; Njt kfspH

tupirapy; rpwg;Gf; Fd;whj cWgrp Mfpa khjtpAk; rhgk; ePq;fg;

ngw;wdH. mg;gb ehlf muq;fpy; rhgk; ePq;fg;ngw;w me;j CHtrpapd;

kugpNy Njhd;wpa khjtp Mly;fiy ghly;fiy xg;gidf; fiy

vd $wg;gl;l %d;wpYk; rpwe;j mwpT ngw;whs.; Ie;jhk; taJ

njhlq;fp VO Mz;Lfs; mts; gapw;rp ngw;whs;. gd;dpuz;lhk;

tajpNyNa muq;fk; Vwpj; jd; Mw;wiy Nrho kd;dDf;F mts;

fhl;l tpUk;gpdhs.;

1.5.3. khjtpapd; muq;Nfw;wk;

mff;$j;J Gwf;$j;J vd;Dk; ,Utiff; $j;jpd;

,yf;fzq;fisAk; mwpe;jtd;. my;ypak; Kjy; nfhLnfhl;b <whf

cs;s 11 $j;Jf;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gy;NtW $WfisAk; ed;F

czHe;jtd;. Mly; ghly; jhsk; ,it jk;Ks; xj;J ,aq;FkhW

10

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mikf;Fk; Mw;wy; kpf;ftd.; gpz;b gpizay; vopy; if njhopy;

if vd;Dk; ehd;fpd; jpwk; njupe;jtd; Mfpa Mly; MrpupaNdhL

khjtp muq;fj;jpw;F te;jhs.; aho>; Foy; ,tw;wpd; ,irf;

$WfSk; tha;g;ghl;Lk; jho;e;j rpwg;gpidAila jd;ikAk; nghUe;j

,irf;Fk; ,ay;Gilatd.; nre;Jiw ntz;Liw vd;Dk;

ghly;fSf;F Vw;g ,ir mikf;f ty;ytdhfpa ,ir Mrpupad;

muq;Nfwpdhd;. xypf;Fk; fly; #o;e;j cyfj;jpy; jkpo;ehl;bdH

mwpAkhW Kj;jkpioAk; fw;Wj; NjHe;jtd; ghlyhrpupad;. mtd;

Ntj;jpay; nghJtpay; vd;Dk; ,U $WghLfs; cila ehl;ba

E}iy ed;F mwpe;J> ,irg;gtd; mikj;j ,irapd; Nghf;if

czHe;J rpwpJk; gpwohky; jhs epiyapNy nghUe;JkhW

nrhw;fisj; jk; ftpij Nky; mikf;Fk; ty;yik nfhz;l

ghlyhrpupaDk; muq;Nfwpdhd;. jz;Zik MrpupaDk; khjtpNahL

muq;Nfwpdhd;. ,ir E}y;fspy; nrhd;d Kiwg;gb ,irg;gjpy;

NjHe;j Foy; MrpupaDk; khjtpNahL muq;Nfwpdhd;. ,ir

E}y;fspy; nrhd;d Kiwg;gb aho; ,irg;gjpy; NjHe;j

ahohrpupaDk; khjtpNahL muq;Nfwpdhd;.

1.5.4. muq;fj;jpd; mikg;G

NjHe;j rpw;g E}y; MrpupaH tFj;j newpapy; rpwpJk; gpwohJ

muq;fk; mikj;jw;Fg; gOjw;w xU ,lj;ijj; NjHe;njLj;jdH.

gpd;dHg; nghjpakiy Kjyhd Gz;zpa kiyr;rhuypy; xU

fZTf;Fk; kw;nwhU fZTf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU rhz;

,ilntspAld; Xq;fp tsHe;j %q;fpis ntl;bf; File;J

cj;jkdpd; ifg; ngUtpuy; ,Ugj;J ehd;F nfhz;l msT

,Uf;FkhW Jz;L nra;jdH. mjidNa muq;fk; msf;Fk; Nfhyhf

nfhz;ldH. VONfhy; mfyk; vl;Lf;Nfhy; ePsk;> xUNfhy; cauk;

vd eld muq;fj;ij mtHfs; mikj;jdH. J}z;fspd; kPJ

,lg;gl;l cj;jug; gyiff;Fk; muq;fpy; ,lg;gl;l gyiff;Fk;

,ilapy; cs;s cauk; ehd;F Nfhy; msthFk.; muq;fpy; cs;Ns

nry;yTk; ntspNa tuTk; ,U thapy;fs; mikj;jdH. ahtUk;

tzq;FkhW ehy;tif tUz g+jj;ij vOjp Nky;epyj;Nj

itj;jdh.; Jhz;fspd; epoy; muq;fpYk; mitapYk; tpohjthW

ngUikkpf;f epiy tpsf;Ffis Vw;w ,lq;fspy; itj;jdH. gpd;

xUKf vopdpiaAk; nghUKfvopdpiaAk; fue;Jtuy; vopdpiaAk;

Ntiyg;ghl;Lld; mikj;jdH. Xtpaj;Jld; $ba Nky; tpjhdKk;

mikj;jdH. Gfo;kpf;f Kj;J khiyfs; rupAk; J}f;Fk; jhkKk;

11

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


vd;Dk; ,tw;iw vq;Fk; moFglj; njhq;ftpl;ldH. ,t;thW

GJikAld; eld muq;fj;ij mtHfs; mikj;jdH.

1.5.5. muq;fpy; jiyf;Nfhy; itf;fg;gly;

Gfo;kpf;f kd;dH Nghupy; Njhw;Wg; Gwq;nfhLj;jNghJ>

mtuplkpUe;J gwpf;fg;gl;l mofpa ntz; nfhw;wf; Filapd;

fhk;igg; gOjpd;wp vLj;J> mf;Filf; fhk;gpd; fZf;fs; NjhWk;

J}a;ikahd etkzpfisf; fl;b> fZf;fspd; ,ilg;gFjpapy;

rhk;Gejk; vd;Dk; nghd; jfl;ilr; Rw;wpg; nghUj;JtH. mjid>

cyfhSk; ntz; nfhw;wf; FiliaAila kd;dtdpd;

muz;kidapNy itj;J ,e;jpud; kfd; rae;jdhf epidj;J mjw;F

ke;jpu tpjpg;gb g+ir nra;tH! mJNt jiyf;Nfhy; vdg;gLtJ.

mj;jifa jiyf;Nfhiy ey;y J}a ePiug; nghd;Flq;fspy;

nfhz;L te;J ePuhl;b> khiy #l;b> ey;y ehspNy nghd;dhyhd

G+Zk; gl;lKk; cila gl;lj;J ahidapd; ePz;l Jjpf;ifapy;

tho;j;jpf; nfhLj;Jg; gpd;> Kk;KuR Koq;f> gy;ypak; xypf;f>

murDk; Ik;ngUk; FOTk; cld;tu> NjUld; tyk; nra;J> mj;NjH

kPJ ,Ue;J ghLNthdplk; jiyf;Nfhiyj; ju> CHtyk; Kbe;j

gpd;> mj;jiyf;Nfhy; eld muq;fpNy itf;fg;gl;lJ .

1.5.6. khjtpg; nghd; kapyhs; Njhif tpupj;jhs;

murd; KjyhNdhH jk;jk; jFjpf;Ff; FiwT glhky;

,Uf;ifapy; KiwNa mkHe;jdH. FapYtf; fUtpahsH jhk; epw;f

Ntz;ba Kiwg;gb epd;wdH. khjtp muq;fpNy tyf;fhiy

Kd;itj;J Vwp> tyg;Gwj;Jhizr; rhHe;J epd;whs;. ,t;thNw>

gz;ila newpiag; Nghw;Wk; Njhupa kfspH ,lg;Gwj; Jhizr;

rhHe;J epd;wdH . gpd; khjtpAk; Njhupa kfspUk; ed;ikfs;

nghypaTk; ed;ikapy;yhj jPikfs; mfyTk; Xnuhw;W thuk;

<nuhw;W thuk; vd;Dk; nja;tg; ghly;fs; ,uz;ilAk; Kiwg;gb

ghbdH. ,j;nja;tg; ghly;fspd; ,Wjpapy;> FapYtf; fUtpfs;

$l;lhf ,irj;jd. |Foypiria xl;br; nrd;wJ ahopir@

ahopiria xl;b kj;jsk; nghUj;jkhf mike;jJ. kj;jsj;jpd;

topNa KbTfs; xypj;jd@ KoTld; ,iae;J ,irj;jJ

Mke;jpupif. Mke;jpupifAld; Kd; Rwpa FapYtf; fUtpfs;

midj;Jk; gUe;Jk; epoYk; Nghy xd;W$b ,irj;jd > khjtp xU

jhsj;Jf;F ,U gw;whf > gjpndhU gw;whNy Njrpf;$j;ij

epfo;j;jpdhs;. ,t;thW . nghd;dhyhd xU g+q;nfhb te;J

ebj;jhw;Nghy; khjtp muq;fpNy Njhd;wp > ehlf ed;Dhypy;

12

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




$wg;gl;l newp Kiw gpwohky; midj;Jf; $WghLfSk; moFwj;

Njhd;w Mbdhs;. Mliyf; fz;L kfpo;e;j Nrho Nte;jdplkpUe;J

khjtp jd; jFjpf;Nfw;w jd;ikapy; rpwpJk; tOthky; gr;ir

khiyiaAk; > jiyf;Nfhy; vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijAk; ngw;whs; .

jiyrpwe;j muq;fpNy Vwp Mba Mly; nry;tp> ehlf euy;fs;

fzpifah;f;F tpjpj;j Kiwg;gb jiytupirahf Mapuj;J vz;

foQ;R nghd;idg; guprkhfg; ngw;whs;.

1.5.7. khjtpiaf; iff;nfhz;l Nfhtyd;

E}Wgj;J mLf;fp vl;Lf;fil epWj;j

tPWcaH gRk;nghd; ngWtJ,k; khiy>

khiy thq;FeH rhYk;ek; nfhbf;Fvd

khd;mkH Nehf;fpXH $dpiff; nfhLj;J

efu ek;gpaH jpupjU kWfpy;

gfHtdH Nghy;tNjhH ghd;ikapd; epWj;j>

khkyH neLq;fz; khjtp khiy

Nfhtyd; thq;fpf; $dp jd;ndhL

kzkid Gf;F khjtp jd;ndhL

mizTW itfypd; maHe;jdd; kaq;fp

tpLjy; mwpah tpUg;gpdd; Mapdd;.

tLePq;F rpwg;gpd;jd; kidafk; kwe;Jvd;.

1008 foQ;R tPW ngw;W ,Ue;j gRk;nghd; kjpg;GilaJ

,k;khiy. ,jid ,t;tsT tpiy nfhLj;J thq;FNthH

nfhbNghd;w khjtpf;F kzkfdhf MthH vd;W khd; Nghd;w

Nehf;fpid cila khjtpapd; jha; rpj;jpuhgjp xU $dpapd;

ifapy; khiyiaf; nfhLj;J efuj;J thypgH cyhtUk;

ngUe;Jiwapy; mk;khiyia tpiyf;F tpw;gid Nghy epWj;jpdhs.;

khkyH neLq;fz; khjtpapd; gupr khiyia Nfhtyd; thq;fpf;

$dpAld; khjtpapd; kidia mile;jhd;. khjtpapd; mofpy;

kaq;fpa Nfhtyd; mtis mizj;Jj; jOtp md;Nw kaq;fpdhd.;

tplKbahj tpUg;gj;ij cilatdhdhd;. Fw;wk; ePq;fpa jd;

kidtpiaAk; tPl;ilAk; kwe;jhd;.

1.6. me;jpkhiyr; rpwg;Gr;nra; fhij (fhij – 4) 1.6.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

' khiyg;nghOJ te;jJ . njd;wy; tPrpaJ . nrt;thdj;Nj

,sk;gpiw Nghd;w epynthsp vq;Fk; gutpaJ. fztidg; gpupah

kfspH $bf; fspj;jdH. gpupe;NjhH fhkj;jPapy; thb tjq;fpdH!

13

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


NfhtyDk; khjtpAk; neLepyh Kw;wj;jpUe;J epyTg; gad;

nfhz;ldH. moFr; nry;tp fhw;rpyk;G xypf;f Mbdhs;@ ghbdhs;@

Cbdhs;@ $bdhs;@ nfhs;is ,d;gk; cw;whd; Nfhtyd;!

,JNghyNt $bf; fspj;jdH gpw fhjyUk;! Mdhy; fz;zfpapd;

fhypy; rpyk;G ,y;iy@ new;wpapy; jpyfk; ,y;iy@ $e;jypy;

vz;nza; ,y;iy@ Kfj;jpy; rpupg;G ,y;iy. fztidg; gpupe;NjhH

fz;zfp NghyNt jdpikj; JaH cw;wdH. ,t;thW GzHe;NjhH

,d;Gw> gpupe;NjhH Jd;Gw kPdf; nfhbAila kd;kjd; tpba tpba

,uTf;fhyk; KOJk; Ml;rp nra;jhd;. khjtpapd; kfpo;itAk;

fz;zfpapd; ftiyiaAk; Kuz;gl;l ,U Xtpaq;fshfj; jPl;LfpwJ

me;jpkhiyr; rpwg;Gr;nra; fhij. ngUq;fhtpak; cupa rpWnghOJ

topahfTk; ,J mikfpwJ.

1.6.2. epykfs; Gyk;Gjy;

tpupfjpH gug;gp cyfk;KOJ Mz;l

xUjdpj; jpfpup cuNthd; fhNzd;

mq;fz; thdj;J mzpepyh tpupf;Fk;

jpq;fs;mk; nry;td; ahz;Lcsd; nfhy;vdj;

jpirKfk; gre;J nrk;kyHf; fz;fs;

tpupe;j fjpHfis vq;Fk; gug;gp cyfk; KOikAk; Mz;l

xg;gw;w xw;iwr; rf;fuk; nfhz;l Njupy; cila typik kpf;f vd;

fztd; #upaidf; fhNzd;. mofpa ,lk; mfd;w thdpNy

mofhd epyTfis tpupf;Fk; jpq;fs; Mfpa vd; nry;t kfidAk;

fhztpy;iy vd jpir Mfpa Kfk; griy glur; nrt;tpa kyHf;

fz;fs; ePH rpe;j cly; KOJk; eLq;ff; fliy Milahff;

nfhz;l ngupa epy kfs; jd; fztdhd fjputidf; fhzhJ

me;jp Neuj;jpy; kdk; fyq;fpdhs;.

1.6.3. g+k;Gfhupy; GFe;j nghd;khiyg; nghOJ

jk; murHf;F tup nrYj;Jk; flikAzHe;j Fbfs; Jauk;

nfhs;s> mq;qdk; tup nrYj;jhJ cl;g+ry; nra;Ak; FbfSld;

xUjiyahf el;Gj; njhlHG nfhz;L> ntw;wpiaj; jUk; gil

Nte;jH ,y;yhj Neuk; mwpe;J> mtH ehnly;yhk; nfLk;gb

eynky;yhk; ftHe;J> jk; gilAld; Gjpjhf te;J jq;fpa FWepy

kd;dH Nghy> khiyg; nghOJ te;jJ! jk; kdj;jpy; jq;fpa

fztiug; gpupe;j kfspH kpf;f JaH mila> jk; fztUld;

$bapUf;Fk; kfspH kpf;f kfpo;r;rp ngw> %q;fpy; Foypy;

NfhtyUk;> tsUk; Ky;iyapy; ,sk; tz;LfSk; tha; itj;J

14

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Cj> FWk;G nra;Ak; tz;bdq;fis Xl;b mUk;Gfspy; cs;s

kzj;ij KfHe;J nfhz;L njd;wyhfpa nry;td; njUnty;yhk;

gug;g> xsp kpf;f tisaiy mzpe;j kfspH mofpa tpsf;Ffis

Vw;w> tskhHe;j %J}upy; khiyg; nghOJ te;jJ! jhk; ,sk;

gUtj;jpduhapDk; gifauriu ntd;W thif #bg; Nghupy;

khl;rpikAld; jpfOk; ghz;baH Fy Kjy;td; Mjypd;> jpq;fl;

nry;td; me;jpg; nghOjpy; nrt;thdj;jpd;fz; nts;spa gpiwahfj;

Njhd;wp> tUj;jj;ijj; jUk; khiygpd; FWk;gpid xl;b jd; gz;gpy;

rpwpJk; gpwohky; ghy; Nghd;w nts;spa fjpHfis tpupj;J

tpz;kPd;fs; mlq;fpa thdj;ij Ms> mj; jpq;fl; nry;td;

te;jhd;! mtd; tUifahy; cyfk; xsp ngw;Wj; jpfo;e;jJ!

1.6.4. Nfhyk; nfhz;l Nfhij

epyTg;gad; nfhs;Sk; neLepyh Kw;wj;Jf;

fytpAk; GytpAk; fhjyw;F mspj;JMq;F

MHt neQ;rnkhL Nfhtyw;F vjpupf;

Nfhyk; nfhz;l khjtp

khjtpAk;> NfhtyDk; tPl;blj;Nj tsUk; Ky;iy ky;ypif

Mfpa kyH fSld; NtW gy g+f;fSk; gug;gpa kyHg; gLf;ifapy;

nghypTld; ,Ue;jdH. khjtp> jdJ gue;j caHe;j my;Fypd; Nky;

tpsq;Fk; Milapd; kPJ gts tlkhfpa Nkfiy mire;J xypf;f>

epytpd; gaid mDgtpj;jw;Fupa caHe;j epyh Kw;wj;jpNy> jd;

fhjyDld; $bAk; CbAk; ,d;gk; mspj;jhs;. mts; tpUg;gk;

kpFe;j neQ;rj;Jld; Nfhtyid vjpH Vw;Wj; jOtpdhs;@

mj;jOtyhy; xg;gid Fiya> mjid kPz;Lk; jpUj;jpf;

NfhtyDld; NkYk; NkYk; $b mtDf;F ,d;gk; mspj;jhs;@

jhDk; ,d;gk; EfHe;jhs;.

1.6.5. xg;gid Jwe;j Xtpak;

mk;nrQ; rPwb mzprpyk;G xopa

nkd;Jfpy; my;Fy; Nkfiy ePq;ff;

nfhq;if Kd;wpy; Fq;Fkk; vOjhs;

kq;fy mzpapd; gpwpJmzp kfpohs;

nfhLq;Fio Jwe;J tbe;JtPo; fhjpds;

jpq;fs; ths;Kfk; rpWtpaHg;G ,upar;

nrq;fay; neLq;fz; mQ;rdk; kwg;gg;

gts ths;Ejy; jpyfk; ,og;gj;

jts ths;eif Nfhtyd; ,og;g

15

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


ik,Uq; $e;jy; nea;mzp kwg;gf;

ifaW neQ;rj;Jf; fz;zfp md;wpAk;>

mq;Nf khjtpNah NfhtyNdhL kfpo;e;jpUf;f ,q;Nf

fz;zfpNah gpupTj; Jaupy; Mo;e;jpUe;jhs;. fz;zfpapd; mofpa

rpte;j rpwpa ghjq;fs; mzpAk; rpyk;Gfis ,oe;jd@ nkd; Jfpy;

cLj;jpa my;Fyplj;jpypUe;J Nkfyhguzk; ePq;fpaJ. mts;>

nfhq;if Kd;wpypy; Fq;Fkk; g+rtpy;iy@ kq;fy mzpiaj; jtpug;

gpw mzpia tpUk;gtpy;iy@ mtsJ fhJfs; tisthd

Fz;lyj;ijj; Jwe;J jho;e;jd@ jpq;fs; Nghd;w xsp Kfj;jpy;

fztidf; $Lk;NghJ Njhd;Wk; rpW tpaHitAk; ePq;fpaJ@ rpte;j

fay; kPd; mida ePz;l fz;fs; ikapid kwe;jd: gtsk; Nghy;

xsp tpLk; new;wpj; jpyfk; ,oe;jJ. mtsJ RlHkpF Gd;rpupg;igf;

Nfhtyd; ,we;jhd;. mtsJ kpff; fupa $e;jy; nea; mzpjiy

kwe;jJ. fztidg; gpupe;j fz;zfp ,t;thW nrayw;W

tUe;jpdhs.;

1.6.6. kd;kjdpd; fhty;

fhz;tU Ftisf; fz;kyH tpopg;gg;

Gs;tha; KurnkhL nghwpkapH thuzj;J

Ks;tha;r; rq;fk; KiwKiw MHg;g

cuTePHg; gug;gpd; CHj;Japy; vLg;gp

,uTj; jiyg;ngaUk; itfiw fhWk;

miu,Us; ahkj;Jk; gfYk; JQ;rhd;

tpiukyH thspnahL fUg;Gtpy; Ve;jp

kfu nty;nfhb ike;jd; jpupju

efuk; fhty; edprpwe; jJvd;.

md;dk; nkd;dil gapy> Mk;gy; kzk; tPr Njd; kpf;f

eWkzKila rpte;j thiaAk;> FspHr;rp nghUe;jpa fUkzyhfpa

$e;jiyAk; cila ey;y ePH kpf;f ngha;if vd;Dk; klths; fz;

tpopf;fg;> gz;ghLk; tz;bdk; gs;spnaOr;rp ghLk;. moF tha;e;j

Ftisahfpa fz;kyH tpupAk;> gwitfspd; xypahfpa KuRld;>

Gs;spfs; kpf;f rpwifAila Nfhopr; NrtYk;> Ks; Nghd;w $upa

thiaAila rq;Fk; jj;jk; Kiwf;Nfw;g mLj;jLj;J xypf;Fk.;

fly; Nghd;w GfhH efiu ,it vy;yhk; xd;W NrHe;J Japy; vor;

nra;Ak.; ,uT ePq;Fk; itfiw tiuapYk; ,Us; kpf;f es;sputpYk;

xU nehbg;nghOJk; Japyhjtdhf kzk; kpf;f kyH mk;igAk;

fUk;ghfpa tpy;iyAk; Ve;jp kfuk; Mfpa ntw;wpf; nfhbia

16

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




cila kd;kjd; jpupe;J nfhz;bUe;jhy; me;efupy; kd;kjdpd;

fhty; Ml;rp kpfr; rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ.

1.7. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;

rpyg;gjpfhuk; Njhd;Wtjw;Fupa fhyr;#oiyg; gjpfk; vd;Dk;

gFjpapd; %yk; ehk; mwpe;Njhk.; ciungW fl;Liu %yk; ehk;

Nrud; nrq;Fl;LtDf;Fg; gpwF fz;zfp topghL kw;w ehLfspYk;

tpsq;fpa jpwj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk.;

1.8. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs;

1. fz;zfp Nfhtyd; jpUkzk; vt;thW eilngw;wJ?

2. Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia vt;thnwy;yhk; Gfo;e;jhd;?

3. khjtpapd; Mly; jpwj;jpidf; fhl;Lf.

4. fztidg; gpupe;j fz;zfpapd; epiyiaf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.

1.9. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y;fs;

1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - Gypa+Hf;Nfrpfd; (njspTiu) ghup epiyak;>

nrd;id 108> 1993

2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -Gfhu;f;fhz;lk; eh.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;

ciu nfsuh gjpg;gff;FOkk;> nrd;id-5

17


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$$WW .. 22 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; -- rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; ;; --GGffhhuu;;ff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; --22 2.1 ,e;jpu tpoT CH vLj;j fhij (fhij – 5)

2.1.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

,Us; mfd;wJ. nghOJ GyHe;jJ. fpof;Nf QhapW Njhd;wpaJ. g+k;GfhH tpohf;Nfhyk; g+z;lJ. khe;jH ,e;jpu tpoh elj;jj; njhlq;fpdH. GfhH efuk; kUt+Hg;ghf;fk;> gl;bdg;ghf;fk; vd ,U gpupTfisAilaJ. kUt+Hg;ghf;fj;jpy; atdH ,Ug;gplq;fSk;> gpwehl;L tzpfH ,Ug;gplq;fSk; tpsq;fpd@ tz;zk;> Rz;zk;> kyH Kjypad tpw;Fk; tPjpAk;> etkzpfs; tpw;Fk; tPjpAk;> ghzH ,Ug;gplq;fSk; mq;Nf jpfo;e;jd. gl;bdg;ghf;fj;jpy; mur tPjpAk;> NtshsH tPjpAk;> fzpifaH tPjpAk; tpsq;fpd. mt;tpU ghf;fq;fSf;F ,ilNa ehsq;fhb vd;Dk; filj;njU mike;jpUe;jJ . ehsq;fhbapy; cs;s g+jj;jpw;F kwf;Fb kfspH g+g;gyp nfhLj;jdH. tPuHfs; ' Nte;jd; tho;f ! vd tho;j;jp tQ;rpdk; $wpj; jw;gypapl;ldH . Nte;jd; tljpir nrd;W ntd;W guprhfg; ngw;W te;j nfhw;wg; ge;jUk;> gl;b kz;lgKk;> Njhuz thapYk; xUq;Nf fhl;rpaspj;j ,lj;Jk; gyp toq;fg;gl;lJ . nts;spil kd;wk;> ,yQ;rp kd;wk;> neLq;fy; kd;wk;> g+j rJf;fk;> ghit kd;wk; Mfpa Itif kd;wq;fspYk; gypfs; jug;gl;ld. tr;rpuf;Nfhl;lj;jpUe;j Kuir Iuhtjf; Nfhl;lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;W> tpohtpd; njhlf;fKk; KbTk; gw;wp mwptpj;jdH. fw;gfj; jUf; Nfhl;lj;jpy; nfhb Vw;wg;gl;lJ. fhtpupapd; Gdpj ePuhy; ,e;jpuid ePuhl;bdH. rptngUkhd; Kjyhd gpw flTspd; Nfhapy;fspYk; tpohr; nray;fs; eilngw;wd. mwNthH gs;spfspy; mwTiufs; epfo;e;jd. guj;jik xOf;fk; cila fztd;khH tpUe;jpdiu cld; mioj;Jr; nry;y> kidtpaH Cly; jPHe;J $bf; fspj;jdH. ,t;tpd;g ehspy; fz;zfpapd; ,lf;fz; Jbj;jJ@ khjtpapd; tyf;fz; Jbj;jJ. GfhH efuj;J ,e;jputpoh nra;jijg; nghypTld; nrhy;tJ ,e;jpu tpoT CH vLj;j fhij. ,f;fijapy; Gfhupd; GidTk; ,e;jpu tpohtpd; rpwg;G ciuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tuyhw;Wg; ghHitapy; ,f; fhij Gfhupd; Cuikg;G ml;ltizahfj; jpfo;fpwJ

2.1.2. nghOJ GyHe;jJ

Gfhupy; flyhfpa MiliaAk; ejpahfpa Kj;jhuKk; Kfpy;

Mfpa $e;jYk; cila epy kle;ijapd; NghHitia tpyf;fp

fjputd; jd; fjpHfisg; gug;gpdhd.; nghOJ GyHe;jJ.

2.1.3. kUt+Hg; ghf;fj;jpd; khz;G

cyFtpsq;F mtpHxsp kyHfjpH gug;gp>

Ntah khlKk;> tpad;fy ,Uf;ifAk;>

khd;fz; fhjyH khspif ,lq;fSk;>

18

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




fatha; kUq;fpy; fhz;NghHj; jLf;Fk;

gad;mwpT mwpah atdH ,Uf;ifAk;>

fyk;jU jpUtpd; Gyk;ngaH khf;fs;

fye;J,Ue;J ciwAk; ,yq;FePH tiug;Gk;>

tz;zKk; Rz;zKk; jz;eWQ; rhe;jKk;

g+Tk; GifAk; Nktpa tpiuAk;

gfHtdH jpupjU efu tPjpAk;>

gl;bDk; kapupDk; gUj;jp E}ypDk;

fl;Lk; Ez;tpidf; fhUfH ,Uf;ifAk;>

J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;

khRmW Kj;Jk; kzpAk; nghd;Dk;

mUq;fy ntWf;ifNahL mse;Jfil mwpah

tsk;jiy kaq;fpa ede;jiy kWFk;>

ghy;tif njupe;j gFjpg; gz;lnkhL

$yk; Ftpj;j $y tPjpAk;>

fhopaH $tpaH fs;nehil ahl;baH

kPd;tpiyg; gujtH nts;cg;Gg; gfUeH

ghrtH thrtH gy;epz tpiyQnuhL

XReH nrwpe;j Cd;kyp ,Uf;ifAk;>

fQ;r fhuUk; nrk;Gnra; FeUk;

kuq;nfhy; jr;rUk; fUq;iff; nfhy;yUk;

fz;Zs; tpidQUk; kz;<l; lhsUk;

nghd;nra; nfhy;yUk; ed;fyk; jUeUk;

Jd;d fhuUk; Njhypd; Jd;dUk;

fpopapDk; fpilapDk; njhopy;gy ngUf;fpg;

gOJ,y; nra;tpidg; ghy;nfO khf;fSk;

FoypDk; ahopDk; Fuy;Kjy; VOk;

tO,d;wp ,irj;J topj;jpwk; fhl;Lk;

mUk;ngwy; kugpd; ngUk;ghz; ,Uf;ifAk;>

rpWFWq; iftpidg; gpwHtpid ahsnuhL

kW,d;wp tpsq;Fk; kUt+Hg; ghf;fKk;>

GfhH efupd; kUt+Hg;ghf;fj;jpy;> epyhKw;wKk; ngupa

mzpfs; itj;j miwfNshL $ba ,lq;fSk;> khdpd; fz;izg;

Nghyj; Jis nra;ag;gl;l fhw;W nry;Yk; rhsuq;fisf; nfhz;l

khspiffSk;> fhz;ghiuj; jk;ik tpl;Lg; Nghf tplhky; jLf;Fk;

gad; nfLjy; mwpahj atdH ,Ug;gplq;fSk; gy tpsq;fpd.

19


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

kuf;fyq;fs; %ykhf tUk; nry;tj;jpw;fhf> jhk; gpwe;j ehl;il

tpl;Lte;j may; ehl;lhH gyUk; xNu ehl;ltiug; Nghyf; fye;J

ciwAk; flw;fiuiar; rhHe;j FbapUg;Gfs; gy mq;F tpsq;fpd.

tz;z tz;zf; Fok;Gk;> Rz;zg; nghbAk;> FspHe;j kzk; kpf;f

re;jdf; fyitAk;> kyHfSk; mfpy; Kjyhd Gifg; nghUs;fSk;

tpw;fg;gLk; tPjpfs; gy mq;F ,Ue;jd. gl;L E}yhYk;> vyp

kapuhYk;> gUj;jp E}yhYk; Ez; njhopy;fis Crpahy; nra;Ak;

iftpidQuhd fhUfH tho;tplq;fs; gy mq;F ,Ue;jd. gl;Lk;>

gtsKk;> re;jdKk;> mfpYk;> khrpyhKj;Jk; gpw kzpfSk;>

nghd;Dk; Mfpa ,it ,t;tsT vd mse;J mwpa KbahjthW

Ftpj;Jf; fplf;Fk; tsk; kpFe;j ,lk; mfd;w tPjpfs; gy mq;F

,Ue;jd. gFjp NtWghL njupe;j gw;gy gz;lq;fSk;> ney;> tuF>

jpid Kjyhd vz;tiff; $yKk; jdpj;jdpahff; Ftpj;J tpw;Fk;

$yf; filj; njUf;fs; gy mq;F ,Ue;jd. gpl;L thzpfUk;>

mg;gk; RLthUk;> fs;is tpw;Fk; tiyr;rpaUk;> kPid tpw;Fk;

gujUk;> ntz;ik epwk; tha;e;j cg;ig tpw;Fk; ckzUk;>

ntw;wpiy tpw;ghUk; gQ;rthrk; tpw;ghUk;> gy;tif Cz; jirfis

tpw;ghUk;> vz;nza; thzpfUk; neUq;fp ciwAk; Cd; kype;j

,Ug;gplq;fs; gy mq;F ,Ue;jd. ntz;fyg; ghj;jpuk; nra;Ak;

fd;dhUk;> nrg;Gg; ghj;jpuk; nra;thUk;> kuj;ij mWj;J Ntiy

nra;Ak; jr;rUk;> typa ifiaAila nfhy;yUk;> rpj;jpuq;fs;

tiuthUk;> kz;zhy; nghk;ik nra;thUk;> nghd;dzp nra;Ak;

jl;lhUk;> ,uj;jpdj; jl;lhUk;> ijay; Ntiy nra;thUk;> Njhiyj;

ijj;J Ntiy nra;Ak; nrk;khUk;> JzpahYk; nel;bahYk;

gytif cUf;fisr; nra;J mofpid kpFj;Jf; fhl;bf; Fw;wkw;w

ifj;njhopy; nra;Ak; gy;NtW ,dj;jhUk; thOk; ,lq;fs; gy

mq;F ,Ue;jd. Foy;> aho; Mfpatw;why; Fuy; Kjyhd

VopiriaAk; Fw;wkpd;wp mikj;Jg; gz;fisAk; jpwq;fisAk;

ghlty;y ngwyUk; ,ir kuG czHe;J ngUk;ghzHfs; ciwAk;

,lq;fs; gy mq;F ,Ue;jd. rpwpa ifj;njhopy; nra;thUk;> gpwH

,l;l gzpiar; nra;thUk; ciwAk; ,lq;fSk; mk;kUt+Hg;

ghf;fj;Nj ,Ue;jd .,t;thwhf g+k;GfhH efuj;jpd; tzpf gFjpahf

kUt+Hg;ghf;fk; khz;Gld; jpfo;e;jJ.

2.1.4. gl;bdg;ghf;fj;jpd; ghd;ik

mur tPjp> NjNuhLk; tPjp> filj;njU> thzpfH khl kWF>

NtjpaH ,Uf;if> cotH> kUj;JtH> NrhjplH Nghd;NwhH

20

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




thOfpd;w ngupa tPjpfs>; #jH> khfjH> ehopiff; fzf;fH> $j;jH>

guj;ijaH> $j;jpaH> FapYtH MfpNahupd; ,Ug;gplq;fs; Fjpiu

tPuH> ahidg; ghfH> tPukwtH MfpNahH thOk; ,Ug;gplq;fisf;

nfhz;ljhfg; gl;bdg;ghf;fk; jpfo;e;jJ.

2.1.5. ,ilepyk;

kUt+Hg;ghf;fk; gl;bdg;ghf;fk; vd;Dk; ,U gFjpf;Fk;

,ilapy; ,Uf;Fk; Nrhiyfspy; tpw;NghH thq;FNthH Muthuk;

,ilawhJ epiy ngw;W tpsq;fpaJ. mJ ,U ngUNte;jH

NghHf;fsk; Nghy Muthuk; kpf;fjhfj; jpfo;e;jJ.

2.1.6. Itif kd;wq;fs;

may; ehl;bypUe;J te;j GjpNahH> jk; ngaH vOjpa

milahs vOj;jpid ,yr;rpidahf mikj;j> gy vz;fisAila

nghjpfs; gz;lrhiy thapypy; Ftpe;jpUe;jd. typa jho;,l;l

fjTfisAila muzhfpa fhtiyAk;> mtw;wpw;F

cupikAilNahH fhj;jpUf;Fk; fhtiyAk; mit ePq;fpapUe;jd.

MapDk; mtw;iwf; fsthLNthH csuhapd;> mtH fOj;J typf;fg;

nghjpiaj; jiyapy; Vw;wp itj;Jr; Rkf;fr; nra;J Ciur; Rw;wp

tur;nra;Ak; mq;Fs;s g+jk.; mtHf;F mijtpl NtW jz;lid

jUtjpy;iy. vdNt ,f;fLk; Jd;gj;ij vz;zpf; fsit kdj;jhy;

epidf;fTk; ahUk; mQ;RtH . ,j;jifa g+jk; jq;fpAs;s '

nts;spil kd;wk; ' xd;W Gfhupy; ,Ue;jJ. $dH > FwsH (

Fs;sH )> CikaH> nrtplH> cly; mOFk; njhO NehahsH

MfpNahH KOfp ePuhba mstpNy gOjpy;yhj ey;y Njhw;wj;ijg;

ngw;W tyk; nra;J njhOJ ePq;Fjw;Fupa ngha;ifapidAila '

,yQ;rp kd;wk; xd;Wk; mg;Gfhupy; ,Ue;jJ. tQ;ridahfr; rpyH

kUe;J ju cz;L gpj;NjwpdhUk;> eQ;ir cz;L eLq;FJaH

cw;whUk;> moYk; tplj;ijAila ghk;gpd; $upa gw;fs; mOe;jf;

fbAz;lhUk;> gpJq;fpa fz;izAila Ngahy; fLe; Jd;g

Kw;whUk;> Rw;wp te;J njhOj clNd> mtHjk; Jd;gnkyhk;

ePf;Ffpd;w> xsp nrhupAk; neba fy; ehl;b epw;Fk; ' neLq;fy;

kd;wk; ' xd;Wk; mg;Gfhupy; ,Ue;jJ. jt Ntlj;jpy; kiwe;J jPa

xOf;fj;jpy; <LgLk; Nghyp Ntljhupfs;> kiwe;J jPa newpapy;

nry;Yk; xOf;fkpyh kfspH> murDf;Ff; NfL #Ok; mikr;rH>

gpwH kidtpia tpUk;GNthH> ngha; rhl;rp Gfy;NthH> Gwq;$WNthH

Mfpa ,tHfs; vd; ifapypUf;Fk; ghrj;jplj;J mfg;gLNthuhf!"

vd ehd;F fhjk; Nfl;Fk;gb jdJ fba FuiynaOg;gpa gpd;

21


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mt;thNw mtHfisg; gw;wpapOj;J epyj;jpy; miwe;J cz;Zk;

g+jk; epw;Fk; ' g+j rJf;f kd;wk;' xd;Wk; mg;Gfhupy; ,Ue;jJ.

murdJ nrq;Nfhyhl;rp rpwpJ khWgbDk;> mwq;$Wk; mitapy;

ePjpAiug;NghH> ePjp EhYf;F khWgl xUghy; rhHe;J ePjp

ciuf;fpDk;> ehthy; xd;Wk; $whJ Jd;gf; fz;zPH nrhupe;J mOk;

ghit epw;Fk; 'ghit kd;wk;' ,d;Wk; mg;Gfhupy; ,Ue;jJ.

tho;f;ifapd; cz;ikj; jd;ikia czHe;j NkNyhuhy; Nghw;wpg;

Gfog;gLk; me;j Itifg;gl;l kd;wq;fspYk; kf;fs; mupa gypapl;L

topgl;ldH .

2.1.7. ,e;jputpoh mwptpg;G

tr;rpuf; Nfhl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; kq;fy Kuirf; fr;rzpe;j

ahidapd; gplupapNy Vw;wp > J}a ntz;ik epwk; cila

ahidfl;nfy;yhk; murdhfpa Iuhtjk; vd;Dk; ahid epw;Fk;

Nfhapypy; nrd;W ,e;jpu tpohtpd; njhlf;fk; KbT Mfpa

epfo;r;rpfis Kuriwe;J njuptpj;jdH. Iuhtjk; vd;Dk;

Nfhl;lj;jpdpd;Wk; njhlq;fp efH KOtJk; Kuriwag;gLk;. mt;thW

nra;tJ > Iuhtjk; ,e;jpuidf; nfhzHjw;F vd;gH. gpd; ,e;jpud;

Nfhapypy; ( jUepiyf; Nfhl;lj;jpy; ) ml;l kq;fyj;NjhL Iuhtjk;

jPl;lg;gl;l neLq;nfhbiaj; njhlf;f tpohTf;F mwpFwpahf thDw

Vw;wpdH. kufjk;> tapuk; Mfpa kzpfs; itj;Jg; gjpj;j gtsj;

J}z;fSld; $ba jpz;izfisAilad neLepiy khspiffs;.

mtw;wpd; thapy;NjhWk; gz;nrwpe;j nfhk;igAk;> Kj;Jr; rpg;gpapd;

mq;fhe;j thapdpd;Wk; gpwe;j xsp Kj;Jf;fisAk; cila ml;l

kq;fyq;fs; nghwpj;j> tisj;j khiy tbthfr; nra;ag;gl;l kfu

Njhuzq;fs; tpsq;fpd. Fw;wk; VJk; ,y;yhj gRk;nghd;dhyhd

g+uz Fk;gq;fSk; nghypthd Kisg; ghypifAk;> ghit tpsf;Fk;>

gRk;nghw; nfhbAk; mofpa nghw; Rz;zKk; tPjpnaq;Fk; neUq;fpg;

nghUe;jpapUe;jd. Ik;ngUq; FOitr; rhHe;NjhUk;> vz;Nguhaj;ijr;

rhHe;NjhUk;> mur FkuUk;> tdpff; FkuUk; tpiue;J nry;Yk;

Fjpiuapduha; ahidj; njhFjpapduha; NkNy gha;e;J nry;Yk;

g+l;ba Njupduha; xU Nru neUq;fp te;J> Gfo;ngw;w jk; murd;

Nkd;ikailAk; nghUl;Lg; g+k;GfhH efuplj;Nj “Gfo; kpf

murhSk; kd;dd; ntw;wp ngWthdhf!” vd tho;j;jpdH . gpd;>

kpfg;ngupa ,t;Tyfj;jpy; epiy ngw;w capHfisf; fhf;Fk; FWepy

kd;dHfspy; Xuhapuj;njl;L kd;dHfs; FspHe;j kzKs;s fhtpupapd;

g+e;jhJ epiwe;j ngupa Jiwf;Fr; nrd;W ey;y Gz;zpa ePiug;

22

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nghd;Flj;jpy; Ve;jpf; nfhz;L te;J ju> mt;itk;ngUq;FOtpdH

KjyhNdhH> kz;ZyNfhH kUs > tpz;ZyNfhu; tpaf;fj; NjtHf;F

murdhd ,e;jpudpd; jpUTUit kQ;rd ePuhl;bdH.

2.1.8. fz;zfpapd; fUq;fz;Zk; khjtpapd; neLq;fz;Zk;

fs;cf eLq;Fk; fOePH Nghyf;

fz;zfp fUq;fZk; khjtp nrq;fZk;

cs;epiw fue;Jmfj;J xspj;JePH cFj;jd

vz;ZKiw ,lj;jpDk; tyj;jpDk; Jbj;jd

,t;thwhf GfhH efuk; ,e;jpu tpohtpw;fhf kfpo;e;jpUe;j

Ntisapy; mfk; vy;yhk; epiwe;J NkNy tope;J Njd; nrhupAk;

kyH Nghy ,e;jpuh tpohtpd; filrp ehspy; fz;zfpapd;

fUq;fz;Zk; khjtpapd; nrq;fz;Zk; jk; cs;sj;Nj epiwe;j

Fwpg;gpid kiwj;J ePH nrhupe;jd. fz;zfp ,lf;fz;Zk;

khjtpapd; tyf;fz;Zk; Jbj;jd. ngz;fspd; ,lf;fz; Jbj;jy;

ed;ikf;Fk; tyf;fz; Jbj;jy; jPikf;Fk; mwpFwp. ,q;Nf gpupe;j

fztid tpiutpy; fz;zfp milag; Nghfpwhs; Mjypd; ed;

epkpj;jkhf mtsJ ,lJ fz; Jbj;jJ. khjtp Nfhtyidg; gpupag;

Nghfpwhs; Mjypd; jP epkpj;jkhf mtsJ tyJ fz; Jbj;jJ.

2.2. flyhL fhij (fhij – 6)

2.2.1 fhijr;RUf;fk;

',kakiyapd; tlNrbapy; thOk; tpQ;irad;> GfhH efuj;J

,e;jpu tpohtpidf; fhz tpUk;gpf; fhjypAld; Gwg;gl;lhd;. fq;if.

cr;rapdp> tpe;jk;> Ntq;flk;> fhtpup Kjyhdtw;iwf; fhjypf;Ff;

fhl;bf; fhtpupg; g+k;gl;bdj;ij mile;jhd; . khjtp Mba Mliyj;

JiztpAld; fz;L kfpo;Tw;whd; . ,e;jpu tpoh Kbe;jJ. Nfhtyd;

ntWg;Gw;wpUe;jhd;. tUj;jk; ePq;Fk; tz;zk; jd;id xg;gid

nra;J nfhz;L mtid kfpo;tpj;jhs; khjtp. nghOJ GyHtjd;

Kd; ,UtUk; tPjpfs; gytw;iwf; fle;J flw;fiu nrd;wdH. mur

FkuUk;> nry;tUk; jk; fhjypaUld; mq;Fj; jpuz;ldH. NfhtyDk;

khjtpAk; jhiofs; Ntypahfr; #o;e;j Gd;id ku epoypy;> rpj;jpuj;

jpiuahy; tisj;j miwapy; ntz;fhy; fl;bypy; mkHe;jpUe;jdH.

mg;NghJ tre;jkhiyapd; ifapypUe;j ahopid khjtp thq;fpdhs.;

2.2.2.tpQ;irad; fhjypAld; tUif

ehujd; tPiz eak;njup ghlYk;

Njhupa kle;ij thuk; ghlYk;

Mapuk; fz;Nzhd; nrtpafk; epiwa

23


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

ehlfk; cUg;grp ey;fhs; Mfp

kq;fyk; ,og;g tPiz kz;kpirj;

jq;Ff ,ts;vdr; rhgk; ngw;w

kq;if khjtp topKjy; Njhd;wpa

mq;FmuT my;Fy; MlYk; fhz;FJk;>

xU fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpud; mitapy; CHtrp Mbdhs;. Mdhy;

ehuj Kdptdpd; ,dpa aho; ,irg; ghlYk;> Njhupa kle;ij ghba

thug; ghlYk; ,e;jpudpd; nrtp FspUk;gb> mts; Mly; nghUe;jp

mikatpy;iy! mtNsh mitapy; ,Ue;j ,e;jpud; kfd; rae;jd;

kPJ fhjy; nfhz;L neQ;rope;J> epiwaope;J ehzope;J

jLkhwpdhs;. mj; jLkhw;wk; ntl;l ntspr;rkhfj; njupAk;gb fyf

ehujH euk;G mjpu thrpj;jhH. ,UtH nraiyAk; mwpe;j mfj;jpaH

'aho; kq;fyk; ,og;gjhf! ' vdTk;> 'CHtrp kz;Zyfpy;

gpwg;ghshf' vdTk; rgpj;jhH. mjd;gb CHtrp fzpifaH kugpNy

khjtpahfg; gpwe;jhs;@ me;j khjtpapd; kugpNy Njhd;wpa ghk;gpd;

glk; Nghd;w my;FiyAila khjtp vd;Dk; ehlff; fzpifapd;

MliyAk; mg;Gfhupy; fz;L kfpo;Nthk; ehk;! " nre;epw

cjl;ilAk; rpte;j thiaAk; cLf;ifNghYk; ,iliaAk;

cilatNs! ,d;ndhd;W Nfs;! mq;F g+irf;Fupa mkuH

jiytidf; fz;L tzq;fp kfpo;Nthk; ehk;! cr;rpfNshL $ba

,ka kiyiaAk;> tsk;kpf;f ePiuAila fq;ifahw;iwAk;> mofpa

cQ;ir efiuAk;> tpe;jpa kiyiaAk; mjidr; #o;e;j

fhl;ilAk;> jpUNtq;fl kiyiaAk; epyk; nghwhj

tpisnghUs;fisAil fhtpup ghAk; Nrho ehl;ilAk; jd;

fhjypf;Ff; fhl;b> gpd;dH kyHfs; kyHe;J tpsq;Fk;

Njhl;lq;fisAila GfhH efiuaile;jhd;. mile;J > Kd;

nrhd;d Kiwg;gb ehsq;fhbg; g+jk;> Itif kd;wk; Kjypatw;iwj;

njhOJ Jiztpf;Ff; fhl;b> mtisAk; njhOkhW nra;jhd;. gpd;

tsk; ngUfpa mk; %J}upy; eilngWk; ,e;jpu tpohtpidf; fz;L

kfpo;e;J jd; fhjypf;Ff; fhl;bdhd.;

2.2.3. khjtp Mba gjpndhU tif Mly;fs;

khNahd; ghzpAk; tUzg; g+jH

ehy;tifg; ghzpAk; eyk;ngW nfhs;if

thd;CH kjpaKk; ghbg; gpd;dHr;

rPH,ay; nghypa ePHmy ePq;fg;

ghujp Mba ghujp muq;fj;Jj;

24

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




jpupGuk; vupaj; NjtH Ntz;l

vupKfg; NgHmk;G Vty; Nfl;g

cikats; xUjpwd; Mf Xq;fpa

,ikatd; Mba nfhLnfhl;b MlYk;>

NjHKd; epd;w jpirKfd; fhzg;

ghujp Mba tpad;ghz;l uq;fKk;>

fQ;rd; tQ;rk; flj;jw; fhf

mQ;rd tz;zd; Mba MlYs;

my;ypaj; njhFjpAk;> mTzd; fle;j

ky;ypd; MlYk;> khf;fly; eLtz;

ePHj;jpiu muq;fj;J epfHj;JKd; epd;w

#Hj;jpwk; fle;Njhd; Mba JbAk;>

giltPo;j;J mTzH igAs; va;jf;

FiltPo;j;J mtHKd; Mba FilAk;>

thzd; Ng&H kWfpil ele;J

ePs;epyk; mse;Njhd; Mba FlKk;>

Mz;ik jpupe;j ngz;ikf; Nfhyj;Jf;

fhkd; Mba Ngb MlYk;>

fha;rpd mTzH fLe;njhopy; nghwhms;

khats; Mba kuf;fhy; MlYk;>

nrUntk; Nfhyk; mTzH ePq;fj;

jpUtpd; nra;Nahs; Mba ghitAk;>

tay;cio epd;W tlf;F thapYs;

mapuhzp kle;ij Mba filaKk;>

mtutH mzpAld; mtutH nfhs;ifapd;

epiyAk; gbjKk; ePq;fh kugpd;

gjpNdhH MlYk; ghl;bd; gFjpAk;

tpjpkhz; nfhs;ifapd; tpsq;ff; fhzha;

jpUkhiy tho;j;Jk; NjtghzpAk;> tUz g+jh; ehy;tiuAk;

tho;j;Jfpd;w ehy;tifj; NjtghzpAk;> gy;YapUk; jd; FspHr;rpahy;

ed;ik ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; nfhs;ifAld; thdpNy CHe;J

nry;Yk; jpq;fisg; ghLk; NjtghzpAk; ghb MLk; khjtpiag; ghH!

| jg;Gj; jhsq;fs; ePq;f > nghUj;jkhd jhs . ,ay;G nghypT

ngwg; ghujp igutp muq;fk; vdg; ngaH ngw;w RLfhl;bNy> NjtH>

jpupGuj;ij vupf;f Ntz;bajhy;> vup Kf mk;G Vtg;gl;Lr; nray;

Kbj;j mstpNy> cikats; xU gf;fk; tpsq;f caHe;j

25


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

rptngUkhd; ntw;wpf; fspg;ghy; Mb mUspa nfhL nfhl;b vDk;

Mliy MLk; khjtpiag; ghH! Njupd; Kd;dplj;J epd;w ehd;Kfd;

fhZkhW ghujp tbtkhfpa ,iwtd; ntz;zPW mzpe;J Mba

ghz;luq;ff; $j;ij epfo;j;Jk; khjtpiag; ghH! fQ;rdpd;

tQ;ridia nty;Yk; nghUl;Lf; fupa epwj;Njhdhfpa khNahd;

Mba my;ypaj; njhFjpia MLk; khjtpiag; ghH fQ;rdhy;

Vtg;gl;l tQ;r ahidapd; nfhk;ig xbj;jw;F khNahd; Mba

Mly; my;ypaj; njhFjp MLk; khjtpiag; ghH! thzhRud; vd;Dk;

mRuid nty;Yk; nghUl;L > mQ;rdtz;zd; ky;ydhfp Mba

ky;yhly; $j;jpid MLk; khjtpiag; ghH! fupa flypd; eLtpNy

ePupd; miyiaNa muq;fkhff; fUjp epd;W > vjpHj;J Kd;dpd;w

#ugj;kdpd; R+o;r;rpia mwpe;J mtid ntd;w KUfd; ntw;wpf;

fspg;ghy; Mba Jb nfhl;b rha;j;J vd;Dk; $j;ij epfo;j;Jk;

khjtpiag; ghH! KUfd; jd; Filiar; rha;j;J rha;j;J Mba

Filf; $j;jpid epj;jJk; khjtpiag; ghH! neba g+kpia XH

mbahNy jhtp mse;j khNahd; Flk; nfhz;L Mba Flf; $j;ij

epfo;j;Jk; khjtpiag; ghH! " Mz;ikj; jd;ik jpupe;j ngz;ikf;

Nfhyj;NjhL fhkd; Mba Ngbf; $j;ij epfo;j;Jk; khjtpiag; ghH!

“ kpf;f rpdKila mRuupd; tQ;rff;nfhLe; njhopiyg;

nghwhjtsha;j; JHf;if kuf;fhs; nfhz;L Mba kuf;fhy; $j;ij

epfo;j;Jk; khjtpiag; ghH! " jpUkfs; nfhy;ypg;ghit tbTld;

Mba ghitf; $j;ijg; ghq;Fw epfo;j;Jk; khjtpiag; ghH ! “

,e;jpuhzp vd;Dk; nja;t eq;if filrpaH ( cotH ) tbT

nfhz;L Mba filaf; $j;ij epfo;j;Jk; khjtpiag; ghH ! "

,q;qdk; $wg;gl;l mtutH mzpfSlDk; > mtutH

nka;g;ghLfSlDk; epd; whlYk;> tPo;e;jhlYk; Mfpa ePq;fh

kugpndhL nghUe;jpa gjpndhU tif Mly;fSk; mtw;wpw;Nfw;w

ghly; $WghLfisAk; tpsq;ff; fhz;ghahf ! md;W tlNrbapy;

Njd; rpe;Jk; g+k;nghopypypUe;jNghJ ehd; nrhd;d cUg;grpahfpa

khjtp kugpNy te;j khjtp ,tNs fhz;" vdf; fhjypf;Ff; $wpj;

jhDk; fz;L fspj;jhd; Nkd;ik nghUe;jpa rpwg;Gila

mt;tpQ;irad;.

2.2.4. khjtpapd; moFf; Nfhyk;

tpz;ztH jk;ikg; gpwH mwpahjthW fue;J te;J fhZk;

,e;jpu tpohTk;> khjtpapd; MlYk; ghlYk; KbTw;wd. mtsJ

Mly; rpwg;Gg; gpwiuf; ftUkhW mike;jjhy; Nfhtyd; rw;Nw

26

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Cly; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtdJ Cliyg; Nghf;f vz;zpa khjtp

jd;idg; gythW xg;gid nra;J nfhz;lhs;. gj;Jtifj;

JtupdhYk;> Ie;J tif tpiuapdhYk; Kg;gj;jpuz;L tif

XkhypifahYk; Cwitj;j ey;y ePuhNy thr nea; Nja;j;j kdk;

fkOk; jd; $e;jiy ePuhl;bj; J}a;ik nra;jhs;. gpd;

mfpw;Gifa+l;b <uk; Nghf;fpdhs;@ fUq;$e;jiy Ie;J tifahf

tFj;J tifNjhWk; fj;Jhupf; Fok;G Cl;bdhs;@ mofpa rpte;j

rpwpa mbfspy; nrk;gQ;Rf; Fok;gpid vOjpdhs;@ ed;ik kpf;f

nky;ypa tpuy;fspy; kfutha; Nkhjpuq;fis mzpe;jhs;. fhy;fspy;

ghjrhyk;> rpyk;G> ghlfk;> rjq;if vd;Dk; mzpfisg;

nghUj;jkhf mzpe;jhs;> Fwq;F nrwp vd;Dk; mzpfisj;

Jilfspy; nrwpj;jhs;@ ngupa Kj;Jf; Nfhitfs; Kg;gj;jpuz;lhy;

nra;j tpuprpif vd;Dk; mzpAld; $ba Nkfiyia moF

tpsq;FkhW ,ilapy; cLj;jpf; nfhz;lhs;. mofpa fz;lruk;

vd;Dk; mzpAld; NrHj;Jf; fl;ba Kj;Jtisiaj; NjhSf;F

mzpe;jhs;. Kfg;gpy; fl;ba khzpf;fj;Jld; tapuq;fs; gjpf;fg;gl;l

rpj;jpu Ntiyg;ghLila flfKk;> rpte;j nghd;dhyhd tisaYk;>

etkzpfs; gjpj;j tisaYk;> rq;F tisaYk;> gy;NtWgl;l gto

tisay;fSk; vd;Dk; ,tw;iw mofpa kapiuAila Kd;

iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhf mzpe;jhs;. this kPdpd; gpse;j thiag;

Nghd;w Klf;F NkhjpuKk;> xspkpf;f nre;epwk; tpsq;Fk; khzpf;fk;

gjpj;j NkhjpuKk;> gf;fj;Nj tise;J miy miyahf xsptpLk;

tapuk; #o;e;j kufjkzpj;jhs; nrwpAk; vd;Dk; ,tw;iwf; fhe;js;

kyH Nghd;w nky;ypa tpuy;fs; kiwAkhW mzpe;jhs;.

tPurq;fpypAk; Ez;zpa rq;fpypAk; nghd; ruLk; > Gidag;gl;l

njhopy;fisAila gpw mzpfSk; Mfpatw;iw mofpa fOj;jpNy

Kj;jhuj;Jld; mzpe;J nfhz;lhs;. rq;fpypfspd; nfhf;fpapdpd;Wk;

jho;e;j> tpUg;gk; jUk; Jha Kj;jpdhyhd NfhitahdJ mtsJ

KJif kiwj;jpUe;jJ . Kfg;gpy; fl;bd ,e;jpu ePyj;jpd;

,ilapilNa jpuz;l tapuj;jhy; fl;lg;gl;L moF ngw;w Fjk;ig

vd;Dk; mzpia tbe;j fhjpdplj;Nj moFw mzpe;J nfhz;lhs; .

rPNjtpnad;Dk; nja;t cj;jpNahL tyk;Gupr; rq;Fk; njha;afk;

Gy;yfk; vd;gdTk; njhlHe;J xd;whd jiy mzpiaf; fupa ePz;l

jd; $e;jy; moF ngWkhW mzpe;J nfhz;lhs; . ,j;jifa

NguoFld; te;j khjtp $lYk; ClYkhff; NfhtyDf;F ,d;gk;

27


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mspf;fg; gLg;gjw;nfd;Nw mike;j Nrf;ifahfpa

gs;spaiwapNy ,Ue;jhs;.

2.2.5. flyhlr; nrd;w NfhtyDk; khjtpAk;

epiwkjp ehs; te;jJ. kf;fs; fly; MLtjw;fhfg;

Ngha;f;nfhz;bUe;jdH. jhis> Gd;id Nrhiyfis cila

flw;fiuapypUe;J fly; tpisahl;ilf; fhz;gjw;fhf jhDk;

mtNshL Nghf tpUk;gp Nfhtyid Ntz;bdhs; khjtp. mtDk;

cld;gl;lhd.; ngha;ifapy; jhkiu kyupy; cs;s gwitfs;

tha;tpl;Lg; Gyk;g itfiwg; nghOJ vd;gjidf; Nfhopfs; $wp

mwptpf;f thdj;jpy; Kisj;j nts;sp ,Uis tpyf;f khiy

mzpe;j khHgpid cila NfhtyDld; khjtpAk; Gwg;gl;lhs;.

Nfhtyd; mur thfdkhfpa xU [hjpf; Fjpiu tz;bapy; Vwpdhd.;

khd; Nghd;w ghHitAila khjtpNah %L tz;b xd;wpy; Vwpdhs.;

mtHfs; gy;NtW jilfisAk; jhz;bf; fle;J nrd;W nea;jy;

epyj;J flw;fiur; rhiyia mile;jdH. mq;Nf fz;izf; ftUk;

tz;z tpsf;Ffs; vupe;J nfhz;bUe;jd flypy; nry;Yk;

kuf;fyq;fis topfhl;Lk; fyq;fiu tpsf;fKk; XLk; kPd;fisj;

jLj;Jg; gpbf;Fk; tiyAila kPdtH kPd;gpbg; glfpy; itj;j

tpsf;FfSk; nkhop NtWgl;l gpwehl;bdu; itj;j tPjptpsf;FfSk;>

kpfg;ngUk; gz;lrhiy fhg;NghH itj;j tpsf;FfSk; Mf nea;jy;

epyg; gFjp tpsf;Ffshy; epuk;gpapUe;jJ. nea;jy;epy flw;fiuia

mile;j khjtp jd; tpisahl;Lj; NjhopaUld; tpisahl tpUk;gp

nrd;whs.; khjtp kl;Lkd;wp mur FkuUk; mtHjk; cupik kfspUk;

tzpf FkuUk; mtHjhd; gy;NtW tifg;gl;l Ma kfspUk; Mly;

kfspUk; ghly; kfspUk; Mfpa ,tHfspd; $l;lKk; flw;fiuia

mile;jd. mg;nghOJ flypd; ehw;wj;ijg; Nghf;fp> ntz; kzy;

gug;gpy; Gd;idku epoypy; rpj;juj;ij cila jpiur;rPiyia

Rw;wpYk; Nru tisj;Jf; fl;b Nky; tpjhdKk; ,lg;gl;l ahid

je;jj;jhy; Md fhy;fisAila fl;bypd; kPJ mku;e;j ePz;l

mofpa fz;fisAila khjtp tre;jkhiyapd; ifapypUe;j

ey;y ahopidr; nrt;tNd thq;fp NfhtyDld; kfpo;r;rpahf

,Ue;jhs;

2.3 fhdy; tup (fhij – 7) 2.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

ahioj; njhOJ thq;fpa khjtp ,iria vOg;gpg; ghHj;J >

Fw;wkpd;ikiaf; fz;lwpe;J > mjidf; Nfhtydplk; je;jhs;.

28

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mtd; fhtpup Mw;iwAk; flw;fiur; NrhiyiaAk; ikakhf itj;J

tupg; ghly;fis ahopy; ,irj;Jg; ghbdhd;. jiytd; jiytpaH

jk; fsnthOf;fk; czHj;Jk; mfg;nghUs; Jiw mike;j

ghly;fis mtd; ghl> mtw;iwj; jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhz;lhs;

khjtp. ' ,td; ghba ghly;fspy; xU Fwpg;G cz;L! ,td;

NtnwhUj;jpaplk; kaq;fpdhd; NghYk;! ' vdf; fUjpa mts;>

ahioj; jhd; thq;fpdhs;. jd;Ds;sj;Nj NtnwhU Fwpg;G ,y;iy

nad;whYk;> mg;gb xU Fwpg;Gj; Njhd;WkhW> mtSk; fhdy; tupg;

ghly;fisg; ghbdhs;. ahopir Nky; Co; te;J jhf;f> Nfhtyd;

kdk; jpupe;jJ! 'khag; ngha; gy cila Fyj;jpNy

gpwe;jtshjypd;> mf;Fyj;jpw;F Vw;gNt ghbdhs;! ' vdf; fUjp

mtis mizj;j ifia nefpo;j;jhd;. VtyH #o;e;Jtu>

khjtpia tpl;L ePq;fpdhd;. kdk; tUe;jpa khjtp jdpNa

tz;bapNywpf; fhjyd; ,d;wp kid GFe;jhs; .

2.3.2. fhtpupiag; Gfo;e;j Nfhtyd;

jpq;fs; khiy ntz;Filahd; nrd;dp nrq;Nfhy; mJxr;rpf;

fq;if jd;idg; GzHe;jhYk; Gytha; thop fhNtup.

fq;if jd;idg; GzHe;jhYk; GythJ xopjy; fay;fz;zha;.

kq;if khjH ngUq;fw;Gvd;W mwpe;Njd; thop fhNtup.

kd;Dk; khiy ntz;Filahd;tisahr;nrq;Nfhy; mJXr;rpf;

fd;dp jd;idg; GzHe;jhYk; Gytha; thop fhNtup.

fd;dp jd;idg; GzHe;jhYk; GythJ xopjy; fay;fz;zha;.

kd;Dk; khjH ngUq;fw;Gvd;W mwpe;Njd; thop fhNtup.

cotH Xij kjFXij cilePH Xij jz;gjq;nfhs;

tpotH Xij rpwe;JMHg;g ele;jha; thop fhNtup.

tpotH Xij rpwe;JMHg;g ele;j vy;yhk; tha;fhth

kotH Xij tstd;jd; tsNd thop fhNtup.

rpj;jpuq;fs; jPl;lg; gl;l ciuapy; ,lg;gl;bUe;j mofpa

ahopidf; ifapnyLj;j khjtp mjidr; RUjp $l;b ,ir

vOg;gpdhs.; me;j Ntisapy; Vtpa gb nra;Ntd; ek; gzp ahJ

vdf; Nfl;l Nfhtyd; ifapNyNa ahopid ePl;bdhs;; khjtp.

mtDk; fhtpupiaf; fUjpf; flw;fiuiaf; fUjp tupg; ghly;fis

mts; kdk; kfpOkhW ghlj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

2.3.3. Nfhtyd; fhtpupia Nehf;fpg; ghbait

khiy mzpe;j KOkjpNghYk; ntz;FiliaAilatd;

Nrhod; mtd; jd; nrq;Nfhiyr; nrYj;jpf; fq;ifiaf; $bdhYk;

29


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

eP mtid ntWg;gjpy;iy! mjdhy; eP tho;thahf> fhNtup!

fq;ifia mtd; GzHe;jhYk; mtid eP ntWf;fhk ypUg;gjw;Ff;

fhuzk; fay; fz;zha;! khjupd; epiyngw;w ngUq; fw;gpd;

jd;ikNa vd;gjid ehd; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;> thop fhNtup! “

epiyj;j Gfo;khiy #ba> ntz; nfhw;wf; FiliaAilatd;

NrhoNte;jd;. mtd; vd;Wk; tisahj jd; nrq;Nfhiyr; nrYj;jpf;

Fkupiag; GzHe;jhdhapDk; eP mtid ntWf;fhkypUf;fpwha; !

mjdhy; eP tho;thahf fhNtup! fd;dpahfpa Fkupia mtd;

GzHe;jhYk;> eP mtid ntWf;fhkypUg;gjw;F fhuzk; fay;

fz;zha; ! khjupd; epiyngw;w ngUq; fw;gpd; jd;ikNa vd;gjid

ehd; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;> thop fhNtup! “GJg;Gdy; ngUfp te;jJ

fz;L cotH kfpo;r;rpahy; MHg;gupf;Fk; XirAk;> ePH kjfpNy

nry;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ,irAk;> fiufisAk;> tug;GfisAk;

cilj;Jg; gha;fpd;w ePupd; XirAk;> GJg;Gdy; tpohf; nfhz;lhLk;

kf;fspd; gytif XirAk; ,UGwKk; rpwe;J xypf;f> eP ele;J

nry;gts; ! Mjypd; eP tho;thahf! fhNtup! eP mq;qdk; ele;j

nranyy;yhk; murdplj;ijf; fhty; nra;aTk; Ntz;lhikf;Ff;

fhuzkhd tPuupd; NghH xOf;fj;ijAila Nrho Nte;jdpd; Ml;rpr;

rpwg;NgahFk; vd;gjid ehd; mwpe;Njd;> ePAk; mwpthahf! thop>

fhNtup! " vd;W Nfhtyd; ghbdhd.; ,t;thwhf Muthukha;

Nfhtyd; ahopir ghl khjtpNah khwhfg; nghUs; nfhz;lhs;.

Nfhtyd; NtW fd;dpaiu mzpe;J te;jhYk; khjtp Mfpa jhd;

Gyj;jy; MfhJ vd Nfhtyd; $Wfpd;whd; vd;W khjtp

vz;zpdhs; .

2.3.4. jpq;fNsh $w;wNkh mzq;Nfh

fay;vOjp tpy;vOjpf; fhHvOjpf; fhkd;

nray;vOjpj; jPHe;jKfk; jpq;fNsh fhzPH.

jpq;fNsh fhzPH jpkpy;tho;eH rPW}Hf;Nf

Nfhtyd; njhlHe;J GUtk; vd tpy;iyAk; $e;jy; vd fupa

Nkfj;ijAk; vOjp mtw;Wld; vd;id tUj;Jk; fhkj;ij

cz;lhf;Fk; fhkNjtdpd; njhopiyAk; vOjp ,iwtd; Kbj;j

Kfk; jpq;fNsh fhzPH mofpa ,lj;ijAila thdj;jpNy ,Ug;gpd;

ghk;G ftUk; vd;W mQ;rp kPd;gpbg; glfpdhy; tho;gtupd; te;J

kiwe;J thOk; jpq;fNsh fhzPH. flw;fiuapy; miyfs; vwpAk;

toq;f mjw;F mQ;rp ,Ugf;fKk; NghLk; FUjpf; fiw nghUe;jpa

Nty; nghUe;jpa fz;iz cilats; nfhba $w;wkhf nky;ypay;

30

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




cila xU ngz;zpd; cUtpy; te;jJ fhzPH. Gyhy; ehWk; kPd;

mJ ntspNa tUk; gwitia Xl;b jd;idf; fz;ltH jk; kdjpy;

fhkNehiar; nra;J tUj;Jk; mzq;F fhzPH. mLk;gpd; kyHfs;

nghUe;jpa flw;fiur; Nrhiyapy; rupe;j nky;ypa $e;jiyAila

xU ngz; tbT nfhz;l Mdhy; vy;yhNk vd;idj; Jd;GWj;j

vd;W ghLfpwhd;.

2.3.5. khjtp jtwhf vz;Zjy;

fhdy;tupg; ghly;Nfl;l

khd;neLq;fz; khjtpAk;

kd;Dk;XH Fwpg;Gcz;L,td;

jd;epiy kaq;fpdhd;vdf;

fytpahy; kfpo;e;jhs;Nghy;

Gytpahy; aho;thq;fpj;

jhDk;XH Fwpg;gpds;Nghy;

fhdy;tupg; ghly;ghzp

epyj;nja;tk; tpag;Gva;j

ePs;epyj;NjhH kdk;kfpof;

fyj;njhL GzHe;Jmike;j

fz;lj;jhy; ghlj;njhlq;Fk;kd;.

Nfhtyd; ahopir Nfl;Lg; ghba fhdy;tupg; ghl;Lfis khd;

Nghd;w neba fz;fisAila khjtp Nfl;lhs;. ,td; cs;sj;Nj

NtW xU khjpidg; gw;wpa epiyngw;w Fwpg;G nghUSk; cs;sJ.

,td; jd; jd;ikapNy NtWgl;lhs; vdf; fUjpdhy; mtDld;

$Lk; nghOJ kfpOk; msT mtd; ghly; Nfl;L kfpo;e;jtH Nghy

Gwj;Nj fhl;b mfj;jpNy clNyhL Nfhtydplk; ,Ue;j ahioj;

jd; ifapy; thq;fpdhs;. thq;fp jhDk; NtW Fwpg;gpds; Nghy;

mtDf;Fj; Njhd;WkhW fhdy; tupg; ghly;fs; vd;Dk; ,irg;

ghly;fis nja;tk; tpag;gila ngupa cyfj;jpy; cs;s mtH

kdk; kfpo ,irAld; ,uz;lwf; fye;J jd; ,dpa Fuyhy; ghlj;

njhlq;fpdhs;.

2.3.6. khjtp fhtpupia Nehf;fpg; ghbait

,Ugf;fk; tz;Lfs; kpf;nfhypf;f> mofpa g+thil NghHj;J>

fupa fay;NghYk; fz; tpopj;J mire;J ele;jid! fhNtup eP

tho;thahf' fUq;fay; NghYk; fz;fis tpopj;J mq;qdk;

espdkhf mire;J ele;j nraYf;nfy;yhk; fhuzk;> epd;

fztdhd NrhoNte;jupd; jpUe;J nrq;Nfhy; tisahikNa

31


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

vd;gjid mwpe;Njd;! fhNtup> eP tho;thahf! MltH nrk;ik newp

epd;why;jhd; ngz;zpd; fw;Gr; rpwf;Fk; vd;gjid tpsf;ff;

fhtpupia xU ngz;zhf cUtfpj;Jg; ghbdhs;> g+f;fs; epiwe;j

Nrhiyapy; kapy;fs; kfpoe;J Ml> Fapy;fs; tpUk;gp ,ir ghl>

tpUg;gk; nghUe;jpa khiyfs; mUNf mira ele;jha; fhNtup> eP

tho;thahf' mt;thW ele;jjw;nfy;yhk; fhuzk;> epd; fztdhd

Nrho Nte;jdJ giftHf;F mr;rk; jUk; Ntypd; Mw;wy;

ePz;ljhNyjhd; vd;gjid ehd; mwpe;Njd.; fhNtup > eP tho;thahf!|

“epd; fztdhd Nrhodpd; tsehL kfthf> eP mjid tsHf;Fk;

jhahfp CopNjhWk; elj;jp tUfpd;w NgUjtpia xUNghJk;

epWj;jpajpy;iy" . fhNtup> eP tho;thahf! eP mq;qdk; fhj;J

tUtjw;Ff; fhuzk; capHfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; Mizr; rf;fuj;ijr;

nrYj;Jk; Nrho khkd;ddpd; eLT epiyik gpwohj jd;ikNa

md;Nwh? fhNtup> eP tho;thahf! " epy cyf Kj;Jf;F

,izahFNkh miyfly; Kj;J? vd;W ghba khjtp njhlHe;J>

jk;Kila jz;zspAk; jhKk;jk; khd;NjUk;

vk;ik epidahJ tpl;lhNuh tpl;Lmfy;f

mk;nkd; ,zu mLk;Gfhs; md;dq;fhs;

ek;ik kwe;jhiu ehk;kwf;f khl;Nlkhy;.

vd;W khjtp ghl mJ Nfhtyd; cs;sj;jpy; CLUtpg; gha;e;J

ijj;jJ.

2.3.7. Nfhtyd; khjtpiag; gpupjy;

fhdy;tup ahd;ghlj; jhd;xd;wpd;Nky; kdk;itj;J

khag;ngha; gy$l;Lk; khaj;jhs; ghbdhs;vd

aho;,irNky; itj;Jj;jd; Co;tpidte;J cUj;jJMfypd;

ctTcw;w jpq;fs;Kfj;jhisf; ftTf;if nQfpo;e;jddha;g;

nghOJ<q;Ff; fope;jJMfypd; vOJk;vd;W cld;vohJ

VtyhsH clQ;#of; Nfhtyd;jhd; Nghdgpd;dH>

jhJmtpo; kyHr;Nrhiy XijMaj;J xypmtpj;Jf;

ifaw;w neQ;rpdsha; itaj;jp Ds;Gf;Ff;

fhjyDld; md;wpNa khjtpjd; kidGf;fhs;

ahopiriaf; fhuzkhff; nfhz;L Co;tpid rpde;J

te;J gaidj; juj; njhlq;fpaJ. mjdhy; ngsHzkp ehspy;

tpsq;Fk; KOj;jpq;fs; Nghd;w Kfk; cila khjtpia mizj;J

tho;e;j tho;f;ifia nefpotpl;ltd; Mdhd;. “nghOJ Nghapw;W@

Gwg;glyhk; vOf!" vd;whd;. khjtpAk; vOe;jhs;. Mdhy; mtSld;

32

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nry;yhJ> VtyhsH jd;idr; #o;e;J tuf; Nfhtyd; nrd;whd;.

mt;thW mtd; nrd;w gpd;G khjtp> g+e;jhJfs; rpe;Jk; kyHr;

NrhiyapNy Muthuk; nra;J epd;w jd; Njhopaupd; xyp mlq;FkhW

if tpupj;J> jhDk; VJk; NgrhJ> ahnjhd;Wk; nra;tjwpahJ

jpifj;j neQ;rpdsha;> tz;bapy; Vwp cs;Ns mkHe;jhs;.

fhjyDld; nry;tjd;wp tUe;jpj; jdpNa jd; kidia Nehf;fpr;

nry;yyhdhs;.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; xg;gw;w jpUg;G Kidahf miktJ ,e;jf;

fhij. fhtpupia Nehf;fp Mw;Wtupahff; Nfhtyd; ghLk;

mfg;ghlypd; cl;fUj;ij khjtp njupe;J nfhs;stpy;iy ! fz;

vjpNu XLk; fhtpupia Nehf;fp mts; ghba NghJk;> jdJ fUj;jpy;

epiwe;j fz;zfpia epidj;Nj ghbdhd; vdf; fUjy; Ntz;Lk;.

2.4. Ntdpy; fhij (fhij – 8) 2.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

,sNtdpy; gUtk; te;jijj; njd;wy; fhw;W mwptpj;jJ.

Fapy;fs; $tpd. Nfhtyidg; gpupe;J Nky; khbapy; epyh Kw;wj;Nj

tUe;jpapUe;j khjtp> aho; ,irj;Jg; ghbdhs;. gif euk;G

mjpHe;jJ> gz; kaq;fpaJ. fhkNjtd; Mizahy; NfhtyDf;F

xU jpUKfk; mDg;g tpioe;jhs;. jhio kliy vOJ jhshf>

gpj;jpif mUk;ig vOj;jhzpahf> rhjpypq;ff; Fok;ig ikahff;

nfhz;L jpUKfj;ij tiue;jhs;! ' ,sNtdpy; vd;gtd;

mDgtkpy;yhj ,sturd;. jpq;fs; nry;tDk; nrt;tpad; my;yd;!

kyH mk;ghs; capiu thl;Lfpd;whd;! ,jid ePH mwpe;J

mUStPuhf! ' vd;W jd; fhk czHitr; nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp vOjp

Kbj;jhs; .! Nfhtydplk; jUkhW Njhop tre;j khiyaplk;

mjidf; nfhLj;J> Vw;gd $wp> mtis mioj;J tUkhW

Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhs;. khiy tbthd Xiyia thq;fpr; nrd;w

tre;jkhiy xU fil tPjpapy; Nfhtyidf; fz;L mjidj; ju>

mtd; me;j Xiyia thq;f kWj;jNjhld;wp khjtpiag; gopj;Jg;

Ngrpdhd;! Mly; kfNs Mjypd; ,JTk; mtsJ ebg;Ng vd

,opj;Jiuj;jhd;. nra;jpawpe;j khjtp> ',d;W khiy tuhtpl;lhYk;

ehisf; fhiy tUthH? vd;W $wpg; gLf;ifapy; nrayw;Wf;

fple;jhs;.

2.4.2. ,sNtdpy; tUif

jkpo;ehL MdJ tlf;Nf Ntq;fl kiyiaAk; njw;Nf Fkup

fliyAk; vy;iyahff; nfhz;lJ FspHr;rp nghUe;jpa ePiuAila

33


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jkpo;ehl;by; rpwe;j khlq;fis cila kJiu> ngUik nghUe;jpa

ciwa+H> Muthuk; nghUe;jpa tQ;rp> xypf;Fk; fly; Jiwapy;

cs;s fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdk; Mfpa ehd;F jiyefuq;fspYk;

ngw;wpUe;j muRk; ,e;j Gfo; cilatd; mtDila ,dpa

Jiztd; Md ,sNtdpy; GfhUf;F te;Jtpl;lhd; vd;w nra;jpia

njd;wy; Mfpa J}jd; Fapy; mtDf;Ff; $wpdhd;.

2.4.3. jdpikj; Jaupy; khjtp

fly; tpisahl;bd;NghJ Nfhtyid Cbg; gpupe;J ,y;yk;

te;j khjtp tPl;by; jdpaha; ,Ue;jhs;. ePy kyH NghYk; neba

fz;fisAila mts; Nfhtyid epidj;J mtDld; $Ljw;F

Vq;fpdhs.; thdshtpa Nky;epiy khlj;jpd; xU gf;fj;Nj

mike;jpUe;j Ntdpy; gs;spf;Fr; nrd;whs;. nfhw;if Kj;Jk;

nghjpakiy re;jdKk; vg;NghJk; mtSf;F kfpo;r;rp jUtd.

Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F mts; ,Ue;j #oypy; mit mtSf;F

kfpo;r;rpiaj; jutpy;iy. mts; mq;fpUe;j ahioj; jd; ifapy;

thq;fp Kjypy; kJufPjk; ghl fPjkhf ghlj; njhlq;fpdhs.; gpuptpd;

fhuzkhf mJ kaq;fp Nrhf fPjkhf khwpaJ.

2.4.4. jpUKfk; tiue;jhs;; khjtp

ntz;g+ ky;ypif NtnuhL kpile;j

mk;nrq; fOePH Ma;,jo;f; fj;jpif

vjpHg;g+Q; nrt;tp ,ilepyj;J ahj;j

KjpHg+e; jhio Klq;fy;ntz; Njhl;L

tpiukyH thspapd; tpad;epyk; Mz;l

xUjdpr; nrq;Nfhy; xUkfd; Mizapd;

xUKfk; md;wp cyFnjhOJ ,iwQ;Rk;

jpUKfk; Nghf;Fk; nrt;tpas; Mfp>

myj;jff; nfhOQ;NrW mis, mayJ

gpj;jpiff; nfhOKif Mzp iff;nfhz;L>

kd;capH vy;yhk; kfpo;Jiz GzHf;Fk;

,d;,s Ntdpy; ,stu rhsd;

me;jpg; Nghjfj;J mUk;gplHj; Njhd;wpa

jpq;fs; nry;tDk; nrt;tpad; my;yd;

GzHe;j khf;fs; nghOJ,ilg; gLg;gpDk;

jze;j khf;fs; jk;Jiz kwg;gpDk;

eWk;g+ thspapd; ey;capH Nfhly;

,Wk;g+J md;Wm/J mwpe;jP kpd;vd

34

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




vz;vz; fiyAk; ,ire;Jcld; Nghf

gz;Zk; jpwDk; Gwq;$W ehtpd;

jistha; mtpo;e;j jdpg;gL fhkj;J

tpisah koiyapd; tpupj;Jciu vOjp>

gre;j Nkdpas; glHcW khiyapd;

tre;j khiyia tUnfdf; $ca;j;

J}kyH khiyapd; JzpnghUs; vy;yhk;

Nfhtyw;F mspj;Jf; nfhzHf <q;Fvd

,sNtdpy; fhyj;jpy; Nfhtyd; ,y;yhJ jdpikj; Jaupy;

cod;w khjtp mtid kPz;Lk; miof;Fk; nghUl;L kly; xd;iw

vOjf; fUjpdhs; . rz;gfk;> gr;rpiy> gpj;jpif> nts;spa G+thfpa

ky;ypif vd;Dk; kyHfshYk; ntl;bNtuhYk; mofpa nrq;fOePupd;

neUq;fpa nky;ypa ,jo;fshYk; njhLf;fg;ngw;w g+f;fspd; kzk;

khWgLk; jd; khiyapd; eLtplj;Nj itj;Jf; fl;lg;gl;bUe;j

KjpHe;j jhok;g+tpdJ nts;sp ,jopNy> mjw;F mayjhfpa xU

gpj;jpifapd; nfhOtpa Kifia vOj;jhzpahff; nfhz;L

mjidr; nrk;gQ;Rf; Fok;gpy; Njha;j;J cjwp vOjpdhs;. khjtp

vOjpa Klq;fy; tUkhW: "cyfpy; epiy ngw;w capHfs;

midj;ijAk; jhk; kfpOk; JiznahL GzHtpf;Fk; ,dpa

,sNtdpy; vd;ghd; mwpTila %j;j murd; my;yd;@

mDgtkpy;yhj ,sturd;. Mjypd; mtd; newpawpe;J nra;ahd;!

me;jp khiyahfpa fupa ahidapd; gplupapNy Njhd;wpa

jpq;fshfpa nry;tDk; nrt;tpad; my;yd;! Mjyhy;> jk;Ks;

fhjyhy; $bf; fspj;j fhjyH cly; fhuzkhfr; rpwpJ nghOijf;

$l;lkpd;wpf; fopg;gpDk;> gpupe;J nrd;NwhH jk; Jizia kwe;J

thuhJ xopapDk;> jdJ gilf;fykhfpa eWkyH mk;Gfspdhy;

jhf;fp mtHfsJ ey;y capiuf; ftHthd; > ,sNtdpyhfpa

,sturd;! vdNt vd; capNu! ,jid mwpe;J mUs;tPuhf!' vd;W

Rl;nlupf;Fk; fhkk; fhuzkhf Kjpuhj jdJ koiyr; nrhw;fshNy

mk; Klq;fy; thrfq;fisr; nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp vOjpdhs;. gpd;

gpupthw;whikahy; gre;j NkdpAila khjtp jdpikj; JaH

kpFfpd;w me;j me;jpkhiyg; nghOjpNyNa Njhop tre;jkhitia

'tUf' vdf; $tp mioj;jhs;. “,j;Jha kyH khiyapy; ehd;

tiue;Js;s nrhw;fspd; njspe;j nghUs;fisnay;yhk; Nfhtyd;

kdk; Vw;FkhW vLj;Jf; $wp ,q;Nf ,g;nghONj mioj;J

35


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tUthahf!" vd;Wiuj;J Klq;fy; mlq;fpa khiyiaf;

nfhLj;jDg;gpdhs;.

2.4.5. kliy Vw;f kWj;j Nfhtyd;

$ytPjpapy; Nfhtyidf; fz;l tre;jkhiy kliyj; ju

mtNdh mjid Vw;f kWj;J ,JfhWk; jd;Dld; khjtp tho;e;j

tho;f;if vy;yhk; ntWk; ebg;Gj;jhd; cz;ikapy;iy vd;W

gopj;Jiuj;jhd;. jpyfj;ijAk;> $e;jiyAk; rpwpa fupa ,uz;L

tpw;fisAk;> ,uz;L Ftis kyHfisAk;> xU Fkpo kyiuAk; >

,uz;L nfht;itf; fdpfisAk; nfhz;l mofpa xspAila

Kfj;NjhLk;> kjHj;j Nehf;fj;NjhLk; khjtp vd;dplk; fhjy;

cilats; Nghy vd; Kd; Njhd;wp ebj;j fz;$Ltup vd;Dk;

ebg;ig ehd; fz;Nld;!' '$e;jyhfpa Kfpiyr; Rke;J mjd;

ghuj;ijj; jhq;fhJ tUe;j epyhf; fjpHfisg; nghopAk; Kfkhfpa

jpq;fsplj;Nj jd; fz;fshfpa fay;kPd;fs;cyhtpj; jpupfpd;w

mofpa nrt;tpAilatdha;> ,joKjhd ghifg; nghjpe;jpUf;Fk;

gts tha; jpwe;J xspiaj; jUk; kpf;f ,sikAila Kfj;jpd;

eif eyj;ijf; fhl;b ahd; ' tUf ' vd mioj;j NghJ te;Jk; '

Nghf ' vdf; $wpaNghJ nrd;Wk; ebj;j fupa nfba

fz;izAila mtsJ fhz;tup vd;Dk; ebg;igAk; ehd; fz;Nld;.

ehd; gpupe;jNghJ> me;jp khiy te;jjhfg; gpupthw;whikahy; ,uq;fp>

rpe;ijapy; Neha;kpFk; vd; tUj;jj;ij Nehf;fp> fpsp nkhop Nghd;w

koiyr; nrhy;iyAk;> ,s md;dj;jpd; eil Nghd;w mofpa

eiliaAk;> Kfpiyf; fz;L fspelk; GupAk; kapy; Nghd;w jd;

rhaiyAk; kiwj;jtshfp> NghH GupAk; Nty; Nghd;w neba

fz;izAila Vty; kfspupd; Nfhyj;ijj; jhd; nfhz;L jdpNa

te;J vd; Kd; jpdk; ebj;j mtsJ cs;tup vd;Dk; ebg;igAk;

ehs; fz;Nld;." fhypy; mzpe;j rpyk;Gfs; tha;tpl;L muw;wTk;

Nkfiy mzp MHg;gTk; jdf;Fupa mzpfisAk; Gida ,lk;

ngwhj Ez;zpilapidAilahs;> fhjy; Nehf;fpidAilatshfp>

jd;idg; gpupjyhy; ,ay;G jpUe;j vd; tUj;jj;ij mwpe;Jk; vd;id

mizahJ Gwj;Nj epd;W ebj;j Gd;ikAila mtsJ Gd;Gw tup

vd;Dk; ebg;igAk; ehd; fz;Nld;> " g+e;Jfs;fs; nghUe;jpa

khiyAk;> FoYk;> msfKk; xw;iw tlkhfpa Kj;JkhiyAk;

mofpa KiyfSk; jk; ghHj;jhy; kPd;NghYk; ,ilia tFj;j>

me;j mofpa new;wpiaAilahs;> vd; mUfpy; thuhJ Gwthapypy;

te;J Njhd;wp epd;W> mts; fWk; nkhopfis Vty; kfspH vdf;Ff;

36

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




$w ehd; $Wk; kWnkhopfis mk; kfspNu mtUf;Ff; $w>

GzHr;rpf; Fwpg;ig cl;nghjpe;jpUf;Fk; vdJ Gytpr; nrhy;iyf;

Nfl;Lk;> mjw;F NtW nghUs; nfhz;lts; Nghy; fhl;b> mg;nghUs;

fhuzkhf vd;Dld; $lhJ> js;shj NkdpapidAk; mofpa

nky;ypa $e;jiyAk; cilatshfpg Gytpapy; NtWgl;Lg;

Nghfpd;wts; Nghy; ebj;j mtsJ fpsHtup vd;Dk; ebg;igAk; ehd;

fz;Nld;> ehd; mtisg; gpupe;J Ngha;g; gpwpNjhH ,lj;jpNy jdpj;J

,Ue;jNghJ> jhd; mg;gpupthw;whJ ngupJk; tUe;Jgtisg; Nghy vd;

neUq;fpa Rw;wj;jhHf;Fj; jhd; gLk; Jd;gj;ijj; NjHe;J NjHe;J

ciuj;J ebj;j mtsJ NjHr;rp tup vd;Dk; ebg;igAk; ehd;

fz;Nld;. "tz;Lfshy; kyur; nra;Ak; g+q;NfhijapidAilahs;

khiyg; nghOjpNy fhkNehahy; kaq;fpdhs; Nghy vdJ gpupTj;

Jd;gj;ijj; jhd; fz;l vd; Rw;wj;jhHf;nfy;yhk; vLj;Jf; $wp

ebj;j mtsJ fhl;rp tup vd;Dk; ebg;igAk; ehd; fz;Nld;! vd;

Rw;wj;jhH Kd;G mts; mLj;jLj;J vd; gpupthw;whikahy; fhk

Neha; kpf;F kaq;fp tPo;ths; Nghy; tPo;e;J ebj;j ngha; kaf;fj;ij

mr;Rw;wj;jhH nka;nadf; fUjp mtis vLj;Jj; JaH jPHf;FkhW

ebj;j mtsJ vLj;Jf;Nfhs; tup vd;Dk; ebg;igAk; ehd;

mwpNtd;! " Mapoha;! mts; xU ehlf kfNs Mjyhy; ,q;qdk;

ebj;j ebg;Gfs; mg; ige;njhbf;Fg; nghUj;jkhditNa!" vd;W $wp

tu kWj;J tpl;lhd; Nfhtyd;!

2.4.6. khjtp jd;id Njw;wpf; nfhs;sy;

khiy thuhH MapDk; khz;,io

fhiyfhz; Ftk;vdf; ifaW neQ;rnkhL

g+kyH mkspkpirg; nghUe;jhJ tjpe;jds;

khkyH neLq;fz; khjtp jhd;vd;.

kliyf; fz;L tu kWj;j Nfhtyd; $wpa nra;jpfisf;

$wpdhs; tae;j khiy. mJ Nfl;L khjtp ,d;W khiy thuhH

MapDk; ehisf; fhiyapy; tUthu; vdf;$wp ifaw;w neQ;rnkhL

g+kyH mkspkpir nghUe;jhJ tUe;jpdhs;.

2.5. fdhj;jpwk; ciuj;j fhij – (fhij - 9) 2.5.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

#upad; kiwe;jhd;. GfhH efu kfspH khiyg; nghOjpy;

kyUk;> ney;Yk; J}tp tpsf;Nfw;wp ,y;Yiw nja;tj;ij

topgl;ldH. fz;zfpapd; Njhop Njte;jp NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;whs;.

mWF Kjypatw;iwj; J}tp topgl;Lf; fz;zfp jd; fztidg;

37


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

ngw Ntz;bdhs;. fz;zfpia Nehf;fp> ' eP epd; fztidg;

ngWtha;? vd;whs;. fz;zfp jhd; fz;l jPf; fdtpidf; $wpdhs; .

mtSf;F MWjy; $w tpioe;j Njte;jp 'NrhkFz;lk;> #upa

Fz;lk; %o;fpf; fhkNts; Nfhl;lk; nrd;W njhOjhy; jPik tpyFk;@

fztidg; gpupah tho;T fpl;Lk; vd;whs;. mJ ngUikad;W vd;W

gjpy; ciuj;jhs; fz;zfp. mg;nghOJ Nfhtyd; te;jhd;! mtsJ

thba Nkdp fz;L tUe;jpdhd;@ jd; nraYf;F ehzpdhd;>

fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;ig Kjyhff; nfhz;L> ,oe;j nghUis kPl;f

tpioe;jhd;! Gfhupy; thzpfj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s mtd; kdk; ,lk;

jutpy;iy' " kJiu nry;yyhk; vOf! ' vdf; fz;zfpaplk;

ciuj;jhd; . tpidapd; Vtypd;gb nghOJ GyHtjd; Kd;dNu

mtHfs; kJiu Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;ldH.

2.5.2. khyjpapd; fij

Kd;ndhU ehspy; khyjp vd;ghs; khw;whs; kfTf;Fg;

ghY}l;Lk;NghJ tpf;fp mf;Fotp ,we;jJ. khyjp jpLf;fpl;lhs;. “

khw;whSk; fztDk; vd; kPJ mlhj gop Rkj;JtNu! cz;ik

czuhJ J}w;WtNu! " vd Vq;fpdhs;@ ,we;j Foe;ijiaf; ifapy;

Ve;jpdhs;. NjtH jUthfpa fw;gfk; epw;Fk; Nfhapy;> Iuhtjk;

epw;Fk; Nfhapy;> mofpa gyNjtH Nfhapy;> fPo;j;jpirj; Njhd;Wk;

#upaNjtd; Nfhapy;> CHf;fhty; nja;tj;jpw;Fupa Nfhapy;> KUfd;

Nfhapy;> tr;rpug;gil epw;Fk; Nfhapy;> khrhj;jd; Nfhapy;> mUfd;

Nfhapy;> re;jpud; Nfhapy; Mfpa Nfhapy;fSf;Fr; nrd;whs;.

nja;tq;fNs ! vdf;Fw;wJaH jPHg;gPuhf vdj; njhOJ Ntz;bdhs;@

gad; ,y;iy! gpd;dHg; ghrz;lr; rhj;jd; Nfhtpiy mile;jhs;.

khyjp jd; JaH $wp tuk; Ntz;bdhs;. mg;NghJ> ,lhfpdpg; Nga;

XH mofpa ngz; tbtpy; mts; Kd; Njhd;wpaJ. " khrw;wtNs!

nra;jtk; ,y;NyhHf;F ve;jj; NjtUk; tuk; nfhlhH @ ,J

ngha;Aiu md;W@ nka;Aiu@ me;j ,we;j Foe;ijia vd; ifapy;

jUthahf!" vd;W $wpg; gwpj;Jf; nfhz;lJ! fhupUspy; RLfhL (

rf;futhsf; Nfhl;lk; ) Nehf;fpr; nrd;wJ. mq;Fg; Gijf;Fk;

gpzq;fisj; jpd;Dk; me;j ,lhfpdpg; Nga; mf; Foe;ijapd;

'gpzj;ijAk; thapy; Nghl;L tpOq;fpaJ. mf;Nfhuf; fhl;rpiaf;

fz;l khyjp ,bAz;l kapy; vdj; Jbj;jhs;@ Vq;fpdhs;. ghrz;lr;

rhj;jd; ( nja;tk; ) mts; epiy fz;L ngupJk; ,uq;fp mUs;

cs;sk; nfhz;L>" md;dha;! eP Vq;fp mohNj! eP nry;Yk; topapy;

cd; fz; vjpupNyNa cd; Foe;ijiaf; fhz;gha;!" vd;W $wpdhd.;

38

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mf; Foe;ijaha;f; Fapy;fisAila nghopypy; xU kuj;jbapy;

fple;jhd;. mk; khaf; Foe;ijiag; ngU kfpo;r;rpAld; khHgpy;

mizj;Jr; nrd;W ngw;w jhahd khw;whsplk; je;J kfpo;e;jhs;

khyjp! Foe;ijahfj; Njhd;wp khyjpapd; JaH Jilj;j

ghrz;lr;rhj;jd; tsHe;J gpukrHa epiy mile;jhd; @ kiw

E}y;fspy; ty;ytdhf tpsq;fpdhd;@ jha; je;ij ,we;j gpd;

mtHfSf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba ,Wjpf; fld;fisr; nra;J

Kbj;jhd;@ nghUs; gw;wp NeHe;j tof;fpy; jhaj;jhiu ntd;whd;@

Njte;jp vd;ghis kze;J ,y;ywj;jpy; <Lgl;L ,dpJ tho;e;J

te;jhd;. cz;ikiaf; $wp kPz;Lk; jd; nja;tj; jd;ikia

milaf; fUjpa mr;rhj;jd; xUehs; g+g;NghYk;> ikAz;l

fz;izAila Njte;jpia mioj;J> “gpupitg; nghWj;Jf;

nfhs;thahf!" vdf; $wpj; jd; nja;tj;jd;ik nghUe;jpa

Ngnuhspia mts; fz;fs; jhq;fhJ vd %th ,s eyk; fhl;b>"

,dp ek; NfhapYf;F te;J vk;ikf; fhz;ghahf!" vdf; $wp

kiwe;jhd;. Njte;jpAk; vdJ cs;sk; gpzpj;j fztd;> 'Gz;zpa

Jiwfshlr; nry;fpNwd;' vd;W $wpg; gpupe;J nrd;whH@ md;giu

kPl;Lj; jUf! vd;W mtshf xd;iwf; fw;gpj;J xU gpuhHj;jidapNy

kdj;ijr; nrYj;jp me;jg; ghrhz;lr; rhj;jd; NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;W

topgLjiyf; flikahff; nfhz;lhs;.

2.5.3. fz;zfpf;fhf Ntz;ba NjNte;jp

thlhj ngUk; GfOila fz;zfpf;Fk; jd;idg; NghyNt

fztd; gpupthy; NeHe;j JaH cz;L vd czHe;j Njte;jp

mtsJ Jaiug; Nghf;f fUjpdhs.; rhj;jd; Nfhapiy mile;J

mWfk;Gy; rpW g+isg;g+ ney; Mfpatw;iw J}tpj; njhOJ

nja;tNk vd; Njhopapd; JaH Jilg;ghahf vd Ntz;bdhs.; gpd;

fz;zfpaplk; nrd;W eP epd; fztidg; ngWthahf vd

tho;j;jpdhs.;

2.5.4. fz;zfp fz;l fdT

jd;id tho;j;jpa Njte;jpiaf; fz;L fz;zfp cd;

tho;j;J fhuzkhf fztidg; ngWNtd; MapDk; vd; neQ;rk;

VNdh mQ;rp tUe;JfpwJ. New;W ,uT vd; fztd; fdtpNy te;J

,U ifg; gw;wp mioj;Jg; Nghf xU ngupa efupy; GFe;Njhk.; me;j

efupy; thOk; kf;fs; xU gopr;nrhy;iy vq;fs; kPJ ,l;ldH mg;gop

nkhopahy; NfhtyDf;F jPq;F NeHe;jJ vd;W gpwH nrhy;yf; Nfl;l

ahd; murd; Kd; nrd;W tof;Fiuj;Njd;. mjdhy; mt;t+Hf;Fk;

39


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jPq;F NeHe;jJ. jPf;fdit $wf;$lhJ. Mjyhy; mq;F NeHe;j

jPq;fpid cdf;F ciuNad;. nrwpe;j tisaiy cilatNs

mq;F ehd; nra;j Fw;wj;jpd; gad; NghYk;. ehd; ngw;w

ew;Ngw;wpid eP Nfl;ghahdhy; mJ cdf;F eif cz;lhf;Fk;

vd;whs; fz;zfp.

2.5.5. Njte;jp fz;zfpia Nehd;G nra; vdy;

kly;mtpo; nea;jy;mk; fhdy; jlk;cs

NrhkFz;lk; #upa Fz;lk; Jiw%o;fpf;

fhkNts; Nfhl;lk; njhOjhH fztnuhL

jhk;,d; GWtH cyfj;Jj; ijayhH

Nghfk;nra; g+kpapDk; Ngha;g;gpwg;gH ahk;xUehs;

MLJk; vd;w mzp,iof;Fmt; Ma;,ioahs;

gPLmd;W vd,Ue;j gpd;dNu> ePba

fhtyd; NghYk; filj;jiyahd; te;Jek;

Nfhtyd; vd;whs;XH Fw;wpisahs;> NfhtyDk;

ghLmik Nrf;ifAs; Gf;Fj;jd; ige;njhb

thba Nkdp tUj;jk;fz;L> ahTk;

fz;zfpapd; fdit Nfl;l Njte;jp> fz;zfpia Nehf;fp

nghd;dhyhd tisaiy mzpe;jtNs eP mtdhy;

ntWf;fg;gl;lts; my;iy. Kw;gpwg;gpy; epd; fztd; nghUl;L

fhf;fNtz;ba Nehd;gpidr; nra;aj; jtwpdha.; mjdhy; cz;lhd

jPq;F nfLtjhf. fhtpup jd; ePiu vy;yhk; nfhz;L nrd;W flNyhL

vjpHj;J miyf;Fk; nea;jy; epyr;NrhiyapNy NrhkFz;lk; #upa

Fz;lk; vd;Dk; ,U ngha;iffs; cs;sd. me;j Gz;zpa

jPHj;jq;fspd; JiwfspNy %o;fp fhkNts; Nfhl;lk; nrd;W

fhkNjtidj; njhOk; kfspH ,k;ikapy; jd; fztUld; $b

gpupah tho;T tho;e;J ,d;GWtH. kWikapYk; Nghf g+kpapy;

Njtuha;g; gpwe;J gpupahJ ,d;GWtH. vdNt ehKk; xUehs;

mtw;wpy; ePuhLNthk; vd;whs.; mJ Nfl;l fz;zfp mq;qdk; Jiw

%o;fpj; nja;tk; njhOjy; vq;fs; ,ay;G md;W vd;W $wp mts;

fUj;ij Vw;f kWj;jhs;.

2.5.6. Nfhtyd; tUifAk; tUj;jKk;

ryk;GzH nfhs;ifr; ryjpnahL Mbf;

Fyk;jU thd;nghUs; Fd;wk; njhiye;j

,yk;ghL ehZj; jUk;vdf;F vd;d>

40

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mg;NghJ Fw;Nwty; nra;Ak; xU rpW ngz; mq;F te;J

fz;zfpia Nehf;fp ek; ngUkhdhfpa fhtyd; NghYk; filthapy;

te;Js;shd; Mk; ek; Nfhtyd; jhd; vd;whs;. NfhtyDk;

ngUikkpf;f fz;zfpapd; gs;sp miwf;Fr; nrd;whd.; mtsJ

thba Nkdp fz;L csk; iee;jhd;. vy;yhr; nrayplj;Jk; tQ;rk;

nghUe;jpa nfhs;ifAila khaj;jhs; cld; $ba jPa

xOf;fj;jhy; ek; Fyj;jtH Njbj;je;j kiyNghd;w nry;tq;fs;

vy;yhk; njhiye;jd. mjdhy; cz;lhd tWik vdf;F

ehzj;ijj; jUfpwJ vd;whd;.

2.5.7. rpyk;G cs nfhs;f

eyk;Nfo; KWty; eifKfk; fhl;br;

rpyk;Gcs nfhz;kpd; vdr;Nrapio Nfs;,r;

rpyk;G Kjyhfr; nrd;w fyndhL

cye;jnghUs; <l;Ljy; cw;Nwd; kyHe;jrPH

khl kJiu afj;Jr;nrd;W vd;NdhL,q;F

VLmyH Nfhjha;. vOnfd;W ePb

tpidfilf; $l;l tpak;nfhz;lhd; fq;Fy;

fidRlH fhy;rPah Kd;.

fhjyd; nrhw;fisf; Nfl;l fz;zfp jdJ xspkpF

Kfj;jpNy ed;ik nghUe;jpa rpWKWty; Njhd;wr; rpyk;Gfs;

cs;sd mtw;iwf; nfhs;kpd; vd;W $wpdhs;. Nfhtyd; eP $wpa

,r; rpyk;igNa thzpf Kjyhff; nfhz;L gue;j GfioAila

kJiuf;Fr; nrd;W thzpfk; nra;J Kd;dH ,oe;j fyd;fisAk;

nghUl;fisAk; Njbg; ngUf;fj; Jzpe;Njd; ,jo; tpupe;j khiy

mzpe;j mzpe;jtNs ePAk; vd;Dld; Gwg;gLtha; vd;whd.; Kd;

nra;j jPtpid neLq;fhyk; jq;fp neQ;ir xUepiyg;gLj;jpj; J}z;l

jPtpidapd; Vtypd; gb Nfhtyd; nghOJ GyHtjw;F Kd;

fz;zfpAld; kJiu nry;yg; Gwg;gl;lhd;.

2.6. ehLfhz; fhij – (fhij -10) 2.6.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

fhtpupapd; tlfiu topahf Nkw;F Nehf;fpr; nrd;wdH. xU

fhj J}uk; fle;J fTe;jpabfspd; mb njhOJ jhq;fs; kJiuf;Fr;

nry;tijf; $w> mtUk; cld; tu %tUk; ehs;NjhWk; xU fhtjk;

ele;J nrd;wdH. jpUtuq;fj;ijf; fle;J nry;Yk;NghJ Nrhiyapy;

Njhd;wpa rhuziuj; njhOjdH. rhuzH $wpa rkz Mfk

ciufisf; Nfl;L > mUfg; ngUkhspd; ngUikfis Vj;jpg;

41


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Gfo;e;jhH fTe;jpabfs;. gpd; %tUk; XH ,lj;jpy; Vwpf; fhtpupapd;

njd;fiuia mile;J xU g+k;nghopypy; jq;fpdH. mq;Nf te;j

tk;gg; guj;ijAk; tWnkhopahsDk; fz;zfpiaAk; NfhtyidAk;

Nehf;fpg; gopf;f> mJ nghwhj fTe;jpabfs; mtHfis

eupfshFkhW rgpj;jhH. NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk; mtHfSf;fhf

,uq;fp Ntz;l> fTe;jpabfs; Xuhz;by; rhgk; tpyf mUs; nra;jhH.

gpd;> %tUk; ciwa+iu mile;jdu;.

2.6.2. tPl;il tpl;L ePq;Fjy;

J}kapH md;dKk; Jizvdj; jpupAk;

jhnshL Fapd;w jifrhy; rpwg;gpd;

ePs;neL thapy; neLq;fil fope;JMq;F>

QhapW Njhd;whj ahkj;jpNy el;rj;jpuq;fNshL moFld;

jpfOk; ntz;kjpAk; thdj;jpdpd;;Wk; kiwe;jJ. fupa ,Us; gutp

epd;w tpbaw; fhyj;Nj gz;ilj; jPtpidapd; tpisahy; cs;sk;

Juj;jf; Nfhtyd; Gwg;gl;lhd;. moF nghUe;jpa rpwg;Gld;

nra;ag;gl;l ngupa fjtpid cila khspifapd; neba

,ilfopiaf; NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk; fle;J nrd;wdH.

2.6.3. Gfhiu ePq;fpg; Gwg;gLjy;

mtHfs; MjpNrld; Md ghk;giz Nky; mwpJapy;

nfhs;Sk; kzptz;zd; Md jpUkhy; Nfhapypd; tyg; gf;fj;jpy;

nrd;wdH. gpd;dH Ie;J fpisfSld; caHe;j grpa

,iyfisAila kfh Nghjp apd; vopy; tpsq;Fk; epoypy;

vOe;jUspa Gj;jd; mUspr;nra;j E}y; nghUis tpRk;gpNy

,aq;Fk; rhuzH ahtHf;Fk; tpsq;FkhW tpupj;Jiuf;Fk; ,lkhd

,e;jputpfhuq;fisAk; Kiwahff; fle;J nrd;wdH. Gyhy;

czitj; Jwe;J ngha;ahik vDk; tpujj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L

mOf;fhW mth ntFsp Kjypatw;iw iftpl;L Ik;Gyd;fSk;

mlq;fpa nfhs;iff; nka;g;nghUs; czHe;jtH $Lk;

mUfg;ngUkhd; Nfhapiy tzq;fpr; nrd;wdH. Nghf;F tutpw;fhf

mike;j NfhGu thapiyf; fle;J Gfhiu tpl;L mtHfs; ePq;fpdH.

2.6.4. fTe;jpabfisf; fhZjy;

kJiu %J}H ahJvd tpdt>

MWIq; fhjk;ek; mfy;ehl;L ck;gH

ehWIq; $e;jy; ezpj;Jvd ef;Fj;>

Njnkhop jd;ndhLk; rpiwafj;J ,Ue;j

fhTe;jp Iiaiaf; fz;Lmb njhoYk;

42

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Gfhiu tpl;L ePq;fpa mtHfs; ,yte;jpifg; gs;spapd; kjpy;

Gwj;Nj nrd;wdH. gpd; ,U kUq;Fk; jho;e;j Nrhiyfs; #o;e;j

fhtpup Mw;wpy; Gdyhl nry;tjw;Ff; mike;j ngupa topapNy

nrd;W ePuhLJiwapidAk; fle;jdH. gpd; kpf;f tsKila

fhtpupapd; tlfiuapYs;s Nrhiy topapy; Nkw;F Nehf;fpr;

nry;yyhapdH. xU fhj J}uk; fle;J fTe;jpabfs; vd;Dk; rkzj;

Jwtp ciwfpd;w jtg; gs;spapd; mUNf cs;s Nrhiyia

mile;jdH. mq;F fz;zfp nfhb Nghd;w ,ilAk; cilAk;

kpf tUe;jp top ele;j fisg;ghy; ngU%r;nrwpe;jhs.; mts;

Kw;whj jd; koiyr; nrhw;fis $upa gw;fs; rw;Nw ntspj;Njhd;w

KWtypj;J kJiu vd;Dk; gioa CH jhd; vJNth vd cly;

NrhHe;J fztid Nehf;fp tpdtpdhs.; mJNfl;l Nfhtyd; ngupJk;

,wq;fp kJiu %J}H ekJ mfd;w ehl;bypUe;J MW Ie;J fhjj;

J}uj;jpy; jhd; cs;sJ. kpfTk; mz;ikapy; jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W

$wp eifj;jhd;. gpd; Njndd ,dpf;Fk; nrhy;iyAila

fz;zfpAld; nrd;W jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fTe;jp mbfisf; fz;L

mb njhOjhd;.

2.6.5. fTe;jpabfs; topj;Jiz

cUtKk; caH Fbg;gpwg;Gk; ey;nyhOf;fk; mUfg;ngUkhdpd;

Mfkq;fis rpwpJk; gpwohj tpujKk; Mfpatw;iw cila ePq;fs;

jPtpidahsiug; Nghd;W Ek;kplj;ij tpl;L ePq;fp ,t;thW

tUtjw;F cupa fhuzk; vd;d vd tpdtpdhH fTe;jpabfs;.

Nfhtyd; “kpf;f jtj;jPH jhq;fs; tpdhtpw;F tpil $Wk; epiyapy;

ehd; ,g;NghJ ,y;iy kJiu %J}H nrd;W thzpfk; nra;J

nghUs; <l;Lk; tpUg;gKilatdhjyhy; ,g;gb tu NeHe;jJ”

vd;whd.; fTe;jp mbfs; ,tsJ ghlfk; mzpe;j rpwpa mbfs;

gUf;iff; fw;fs; Mfpa gifia nty;y khl;lh. ,ilapilNa

fhLfs; epiwe;j ,e;ehl;L top flj;jw;Fk; mupjhFk;. ,dp Co;

vd;d nra;ANkh mjd; jd;ikia ahuwpthH vdf; $wpdhH. mtH

NkYk; mtHfis Nehf;fp ,d;dhj nrhw;fis ePf;fpa khrw;w

Nfs;tp gad; cilatH jk; mwpTiufisf; Nfl;L czHe;J mq;F

KOKjw;flTshd mUfg;ngUkhid topgLtjw;fhfj; jkpo;ehl;L

jPJjPH kJiuf;Fr; nry;y tpUg;gk; cilNad;> Mjypd; tUfpNwd;

ePq;fs; Gwg;gLq;fs; vd;whH. me;j ciu NfhtyDf;Fg; ngupa

MWjiyj; je;jJ. fTe;jpabfisf; if$g;gpj; njhOJ ehthy;

tho;j;jpdhd;.

43


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

2.6.6. topapd; ,ay;G

fTe;jpabfs; Nfhtyid Nehf;fp ehk; nry;y epidj;j

,t;top ,lj;J Jd;gk; jUtd gythFk; vd;whH. ntapypd;

nfhLikj; jd;ikiag; nghwhj nky;ypa ,ay;Gila mtis

mioj;Jf;nfhz;L kpf;f kyHfisf; nfhz;l Nrhiy topNa

nry;Nthk; Mapd; epyk; gpse;J ,wq;fpa ts;spf; fpoq;ifj;

Njhz;b vLj;j Fopfisr; nrz;gf kuq;fs; epug;gpa g+e;Jfs;

NrHe;j gyg;gLj;jp mtw;iw mwpe;J jk;ikg; ghJfhf;fr; nry;yhj

kf;fs; nrayWjw;Ff; fhuzkhd Jd;gj;ijr; nra;Ak.;

mt;thW Jd;gk; jUk; KjpHe;j gok; g+tpdhshd

ngha;f;;Fopia kpjpahNj tpopg;Gld; epyk; Nehf;fpr; nry;Nthiu

NkNy KjpHe;J NjndhOFk; ,dpa gyhg; gokhdJ gif Nghy

jiyapy; NkhJk.; kQ;rSk; ,Q;rpAk; Kjypad jk;Ks; fye;j

gpzf;fj;ij cila Njhl;lj;J ghj;jpfspy; gyhtpdJ rpte;j

Risfspy; ,Ue;J tpOe;j gof; nfhl;ilfs; gifahff; fhiy

Fj;jpdhYk; Fj;Jk;.

fay; NghYk; fz;fisAila fz;zfpapd; fztNd>

,j;Jd;gq;fSf;F mQ;rp taypd;topr; nrd;why; mq;Fk; ,Nj

epiyjhd.; kyHkzk; fkOk; Fsq;fspy; jk;Ks; NghuhLfpd;w

ifapy; kPd;fis Xl;b ePHeha; ft;tpa ePz;l iffis cila

thiskPd; ePHeha; tha; mlq;fhJ taypy; Js;spg; ghAk.;

,f;fhupif mJ fz;l fyq;ff;$Lk;. mq;F fUk;gpy; njhLj;j

ngupa NjdilahdJ fhw;why; rpijaj; Njd; J}a ePupy;

fye;JtpLk;. mjid mwpahJ ePH Ntl;ifahy; ePq;fs; cs;sq;

ifahy; Kfe;J gUfTk; $Lk.;

tay;fspy; fis gwpg;ghu; tug;Gfspy; Nghl;l

Ftisg;g+f;fspy; tz;bdk; kJ cz;l kaf;fj;jpy; xLq;fpf;

fplf;Fk;. topeil Jd;gj;jhy; NrhHT mile;J kaq;fp mtw;wpd;

kPJ mbapl;L elj;jYk; $Lk.; miytPRk; ePiuAila xU

tha;f;fhy; fiufspy; nry;Yk;NghJ Gs;spfshy; moFld; jpfOk;

ej;ijfSk; Mfpa capHfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij Nehf;fp xJq;fp

elf;fhJ ,ay;ghd eilia Nkw;nfhs;Nthkhdhy; mtw;wpd; kPJ

mbapl;L elj;jYk; $Lk.;; mjdhy; mtw;Wf;F kpf;f Jd;gk;

cz;lhFk.; mit ,wf;fTk; NeupLk;. mf;nfhiyj; Jd;gk; ekf;Fj;

Njitahd eufj; Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;. vdNt kJiu nry;tjw;F

mt;thwhd tay;fisAk; NrhiyfisAk; my;yhJ NtW top

44

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,y;iy. mjdhy; mj;jifa Jd;gk; jUk; ,lq;fisf; Fwpg;ghy;

mwpe;J mtw;iwr; rhuhJ capHf;F ,d;gk; Jd;gk; juhJ tpopg;Gld;

elg;ghahf vd;W fTe;jpabfs; Nfhtyid mwpTWj;jpdhH.

fTe;jpabfs; Gwg;gl mtUld NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk; cld;

nrd;wdH.

2.6.7. tk;gg; guj;ijAk; tUnkhopahsDk;

vs;SeH NghYk;,tH vd;g+q; Nfhijia

Ks;cilf; fhl;bd; KJeup Mnfdf;

fTe;jp ,l;l jtk;jU rhgk;

gpd;dH Nkfk; #o;e;j g+k;nghopy;fis cila fhtpup Mfpa

ngupa Mw;wpidf; fle;jdH fz;zfpAk; NfhtyDk; fTe;jp

mbfSk;. jpUf;Nfhapiy cila fhtpupapd; njd;fiu mile;J

kyH #o;e;j Nrhiyapy; ,isg;ghu jq;fpapUe;jdH. mq;Nf Gjpjhfg;

guj;jikia Nkw;nfhz;l xUj;jpAk; gadpy NgRk; fhKfd; xUtd;

eWkzk; fkOk; Nrhiyfs; GFe;J mtHfs; mUfpy; nrd;wdH.

mg;gbr; nrd;wtH> fhkDk; ujpAk; Nghy; fhzg;gLk; ,tHfis ahH

vd Nfl;L mwpNthk; vdf; fUjp fTe;jpabfis Nehf;fp tpujj;ij

Nkw;nfhz;L gl;bdp fple;J ,isj;j clk;igAk; Gz;zpaj;ijAk;

cilaPu;> ,tHfs; jhk; ahNuh vd tpdtpdH. mjw;F ,tHfs; vd;

kf;fs.; fhkDk; ujpAk; my;yH. khdpl ahf;ifaH. topeil

gazj;jhy; tUe;Jfpd;wdH. mtuplk; nry;yhJ rw;W tpyfpr;

nry;Yq;fs; vd;whH. mJNfl;L mtHfs; fw;wwpe;jhH vd;fpd;wPu;. xU

tapw;wpy; gpwe;NjhH fztDk; kidtpAkhff; $b tho;f;if elj;jy;

cz;Nlh> vdf; FWk;ghf Nfl;L vs;sp eifahbdH. mJ Nfl;l

fz;zfp ,U nrtpfisAk; nghj;jpf;nfhz;L jd; fztd; Kd; eL

eLq;fp epd;whs.; mJNfl;l fTe;jpabfs; ,tHfs; vdJ g+q;Nfhij

Nghd;wtis ,fo;e;jdH. Ks; epiwe;j fhl;bdfz; KJ eupahf

vdr; rgpj;jhH. jtj;ijAilatH rhgkhjyhy; clNd gypj;jJ.

mtHfis fz;Kd;dhy; fhzKbatpy;iy. Nfhtyd; fz;zfp

,UtUk; eupfs; neba Fuyhy; jkJ mUNf CisapLtJ Nfl;L

eLf;fk; nfhz;ldH. ,J fTe;jpabfs; rhgj;jhy; NeHe;jJ

vd;gjid czHe;J xOf;fj;jpdpd;W ePq;fp xU NeHik ,y;yhj

jPa nkhopfisf; $wpdhYk; mwpahik vd;W mwpjy; Ntz;Lk;

vd;W fUjp> mtiuj; njhOJ jtwpioj;jtu; rhgk; ePq;Fk;

fhyj;ij mUs;tPuhf vd Ntz;bdH. jkJ mwpahikapdhy; ,d;W

,t;tpop gpwg;gpid mile;Njhu; fhl;by; xU Gwj;Nj 12 khjq;fs;

45


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

eupfshfj; jpupe;J Jd;Gw;w gpd; Kd;ida cUtj;ijg; ngWtH vd

mtHfSf;F rhg tpLjiyAk; je;jUspdhH. fTe;jpmbfSk;

fz;zfpAk; NfhtyDk; Kd;Nd Kwk; NghYk; nrtpAila

ahidAld; Nghupl;L ntd;w Gwj;Nj rpwfpidAilNa Nfhop vd;W

nrhy;yg;glf;$ba ciwa+iu tpUk;gpr; nrd;W mile;jdH.

2.7. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; GfhHf; fhz;lj;jpd; epiwTg; gFjpapy; cs;s fhijfspd;

%ykhf fhg;gpa Nghf;fpid czHe;J nfhz;Nlhk.; NkYk;

,sq;Nfhtbfspd; ,yf;fpa MSikiaAk; czHe;Njhk;.


1. fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdj;jpd; mikg;gpidf; fhl;Lf.

2. Itif kd;wq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

3. khjtp Mba Mly;fis tpsf;Ff.

4. khjtp jd;id vt;thW xg;gid nra;J nfhz;lhs; ?

5. khjtp tiue;j klypd; jd;ikia fhl;Lf

6. fz;zfp fz;l fdT ahJ?

7. Nfhtyd; fz;zfp fTe;jpabfs; re;jpg;gpid tpsf;Ff.



nrd;id 108> 1993

2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -Gfhu;f;fhz;lk; eh.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;

ciu nfsuh gjpg;gff;FOkk;> nrd;

46

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




$$WW ..33 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; -- rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; -- kkJJiiuuff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; 3.1. fhLfhz; fhij (fhij -11)


ciwa+upypUe;J Gwg;gl;l NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk;

fTe;jpabfSk; njd;jpir Nehf;fpr; nrd;W xU Nrhiyapy; jq;fpdH

. mq;F ghz;badpd; ngUik gw;wpj; jhNd Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;j

khq;fhl;L kiwNahidr; re;jpj;jdH . mtdplk; kJiu nry;Yk;

top gw;wp tpdtpdH. mk;kiwNahd; %d;W topfisg; gw;wp

tpsf;fkhf vLj;Jf; $wpdhd;. mtHfs;> mtd; $wpa ,l topapy;

nrd;wdH. ePH Ntl;if fhuzkhff; Nfhtyd; xU ngha;iff;

fiuia mile;jNghJ> fhDiw nja;tk; tre;jkhiy tbtj;Jld;

te;J mtis kaf;fpaJ. mtd; nfhw;wit ke;jpuj;ij cr;rupf;f>

tQ;rf tbtk; khw> nja;tk; jd;dpay;gpidf; $wp kiwe;jJ. gpd;

%tUk; Iiaapd; Nfhapiy mile;jdH.

3.1.2. khq;fhl;L kiwNahd; re;jpg;G

%d;W jpq;fis mLf;fp itj;jhw;Nghd;w mofpa

Kf;Filf;fPo; nrq;fjpH QhapW Nghy xspAilNahdhfp>

khiyNghy kyHfs; kyHe;J njhq;Fk; mNrhfpd; nfhOtpa

epoypNy vOe;jUspa> jdf;nfhU Kjy;td; ,y;yhj

Njhw;wj;jpidAila mUfg; ngUkhidg; gzpe;J tzq;fpdH.

epf;fe;jDila gs;spapNy cs;s rkz rkaj; JwtpfSf;nfy;yhk;>

Kd;dH Mw;wpilf; Fiwahfpa jpUtuq;fj;jpd; mfd;w NrhiyapNy

rhuzH jkf;F mUspa jFjpkpf;f mwTiufisf; fTe;jpabfs;

,dpikAw vLj;Jiuj;jhH. mj;JwtpaH ciwAk; mt;tplj;jpNyNa

%tUk; md;W jq;fpdH. %tUk; kWehs; njw;F Nehf;fpr; nry;y

tpUk;gp itfiwahfpa tpbaw;fhyj;jpy; ciwa+iu tpl;L ePq;fp

elf;fyhapdH. QhapW fpof;Nf tpsq;fpj; Njhd;wpdhd;. mtHfs;> ePH

tsk; kpf;f tay;fSk; Fsq;fSk; nghypT ngw;w topapNy cs;s

Nrhiyapd;fz; xU kz;lgj;Js; Eioe;jNghJ mq;Nf xU Kjpa

kiwNahidf; fz;ldH. mk;kiwNahd; ghz;baupd; ngUikiag;

gpd;tUkhW ghuhl;b tho;j;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd.; kd;dd; ahupDk;

jiy rpwe;j jifikAilNahdhfpa vk; kd;dd; tho;thdhf!

,t;Tyifg; gy Copf;fhyk; mtNd fhg;ghdhf! jd; ngUikapd;

mstpid cyfj;J murHf;nfy;yhk; fliyf; fhyhy; kpjpj;J

czHj;jpatd;> tbk;gyk;g epd;w ghz;bad;! fly;;kPJ Ntiy vwpe;j

47


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

ngupa gifapidg; nghWf;fhJ nghq;fpnaOe;J> g/Wspahw;Wld;

gy gf;f kiyfisAila Fkup kiyapidAk; jd;dfj;Nj

nfhz;L mopj;jJ. Mjyhy; mtw;wpw;Ff; <lhf tlf;Nf nrd;W

fq;ifahw;iwAk; ,kakiyiaAk; iff;nfhz;L njd; jpir

Mz;lhd;> ghz;bad;! me;jg; ghz;bad; Gfo; tho;tjhf! "re;jpu

Fy kuG Nkd;ikailAkhW Mapuk; fz;fisAila ,e;jpud;

mzptpj;j typik nghUe;jpa Muj;ijj; jdJ moF tpsq;Fk;

khHgpNy g+z;lhd; ghz;bad; > me;jg; ghz;bad; Gfo; tho;tjhf! ">

',td; > ek; Fy Kjy;tdhd ,e;jpud; jiyapNy #ba Kbapy;

,Ue;j fpk;Gupia cilj;jtd; ' vd ,bAld; $ba kio rpy

Mz;Lfs; ghz;b ehl;by; nga;ahJ xope;jJ . MapDk; jd; ehl;by;

jg;ghj tpisAshfpa kpf;f tsk; ngUFk; tz;zk; >

mk;Nkfq;fisr; rpiwg;gLj;jp kio nghopar; nra;jhd; ghz;bad;!

me;jg; ghz;bad; Gfo; tho;tjhf! vd;wpt;thW mk;Kjpatd; jPJjPH

rpwg;gpd; njd;dtH kugpid tho;j;jpapUe;jdd;. mtd; mUNf nrd;w

Nfhtyd;> "ahJ Ek; CH? ,q;F vjw;fhf te;jPH? " vd tpdtpdhd;>

Fd;whr; rpwg;gpidAila jhd;kiwahsd; jdJ tUiff;Fupa

Nehf;fk; gw;wpf; $wyhdhd.; " ehd; Nkw;F kiyg; gf;fj;Nj cs;s

khq;fhL vd;Dk; Cupy; tho;gtd; . fupa Nkfk; caHe;j nghd;

kiykPJ tpupe;J gue;J gbe;j jd;ik Nghyg; gue;njOe;j Mapuk;

jiyfisAila mupa typik nghUe;jpa ghk;gizahfpa

gs;spkPJ gyUk; tzq;fpg; Nghw;WkhW> kpf;f miyfisAila

fhtpupg; Nguhw;wpd; ,ilf; Fiwapy; jpUtuq;fk; khWgl;L

epyj;ijr; Rl;nlupf;f > Ky;iyAk; FwpQ;rpAk; ey;ypay;G nfl;Lj;

jd;idr; rhHe;jhiu eLq;fr; nra;Ak; ghiy vdg;gLk;

nfhLe;jd;ikAWk; ',j;jifa Ntdpw;fhyj;Nj fhupifAld; fLk;

gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;BNu! fw;ghiwfSk; > rpW kiyfSk; kaf;fk;

jUk; fhdy; ePH NtypAk; fye;J fplf;Fk; ,e;j ePz;l ghiy

topiaf; fle;J nrd;W nfhLk;ghs+H> neLq;Fsk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L

CHfSf;Fk; nghJthd Vupf; fiuapid mile;jhy;> gpiw #ba

rptngUkhdpd; Kj;jiyr; #yk; Nghy> flj;jw;fupa %d;W topfs;

gpupAk;! "vdf;$wp> NkYk; mtw;iw tpupthf vLj;Jiuj;jhd;

mk;kiwNahd; .

3.1.3. tyg;Gw topapd; ,ay;Gfs;

%d;W topfSs; tyg;Gw topahfr; nry;yj; Jzpe;jhy;>

tpupe;j jiyiaAila ntz;flk;Gk;> fha;e;J Nghd XikAk;>

48

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nghupe;j jhspid cila thifAk; cyHe;j Gy;yhfpa %q;fpYk;

ePuw;Wr; RUq;fpf; fplf;Fk; fs;spAk; topnaq;Fk; epiwe;J

fplg;gijf; fhz;gPH. ePH Ntl;ifahy; tUe;Jk; khd;fs; epd;W

myUk; fhl;ilAk;> vapdH FbapUg;igAk; fle;J nry;y

Ntz;bapUf;Fk;! gpd; kiyr; rhuypy; tpisAk; Itdk; vd;Dk;

ney;Yk; > ,iyaw;w fZf;fisAila Kwpf;Fk; gf;Ftj;jpy;

cs;s fUk;Gk;> nfha;Ak; gUtj;ijAila moF ngw;w jpidAk;>

tskhd Gdj;jpd;fz; tpise;j tuFk;> nts;Ss;spAk;> kQ;rSk; >

mofpa nfhbapidAila ftiyAk; > jho;e;j FiyAld; $ba

thioAk;> fKFk;> njq;Fk; > khTk;> gyhTk; Mfpa ,it

xd;iwnahd;W mLj;jLj;Jr; #o;e;jpUf;Fk; ghz;badpd; rpWkiy

tpsq;fpj; Njhd;Wk.; mk;kiyapd; tyg;Gwkhfr; nry;tPuhapd;

kJiuia miltPH.

3.1.4. ,lg;Gw topapd; ,ay;Gfs;

mt;topr; nry;yhJ ,lg; gf;fj;J topahfr; nry;y tpUk;gpd;>

mJ gw;wpf; $WNtd;@ rpwfpidAila tz;Lfs; nrt;topg; gz;

Nghy; ghLfpd;w Mokhd Fsq;fisAk;> tay;fisAk; FspHe;j

g+Q;NrhiyfisAKila kUj epyj;ijAk;> gpd;dHr; Ruk;gy

,ilapilNa fplf;fpd;w fhl;L topiaAk; fle;J nry;tPuhapd;>

jpUkhypUQ;Nrhiy kiyia miltPH . mq;Nf kpf;f kaf;fj;ijg;

Nghf;Fk; gpyj;J top xd;W cz;L. mg;gpyj;jpDs;Ns> tpz;ztUk;

Nghw;WkhW tpaf;fj;jf;f Kiwapy; Gz;zpa rutzk;> gtfhuzp>

,l;l rpj;jp vdg; ngaH ngw;w> vd;Wk; ePq;fhj rpwg;gpid cila

%d;W ngha;iffs; cs;sd. Gz;zpa rutzk; vd;Dk;

ngha;ifapy; Ko;fp ePuhLtPuhapd; > tpz;ztH Nfhkhdhfpa

,e;jpudhy; ,aw;wg;ngw;w Ie;jpwk; vd;Dk; ,yf;fzj;ijf; fw;Wj;

NjHe;jtuhtPH! gtfhuzpapy; %o;fp ePuhLtPuhapd; ,e;jg; gpwtpf;Ff;

fhuzkhf ,Ue;j Kw;gpwtpfs; gw;wp czHtPH! ,l;l rpj;jp vd;Dk;

ngha;ifapy; %o;fp ePuhLtPuhapd; mg;NghJ ePq;fs; kdj;jpy;

fUjpatw;iw nay;yhk; ngWtPH. ePq;fs; mg;gpyj;Js; Eioa

tpUk;gpdhy; Xq;fp caHe;j mk;kiyf;fz; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk;

jpUkhiy tzq;fp> mtdJ jpUtbfisr; rpe;ijapy; nfhs;tPuhf!

mg;gb mg;ngUkhidj; Jjpj;J> mk;kiyia Kk;Kiw tyk;

te;jhy; epyk; gpsf;Fk; tz;zk; g+kpia mWj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;Yk;

Mokhd rpyk;ghw;wpd; mfd;w fiuapNy> eWkz kyHfs; epiwe;j

Ntq;if kuj;jpd;fPo;f; fupa Nkfk; Nghd;w $e;jiyAila tise;j

49


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tisay; mzpe;j xH ,af;f khJ Njhd;Wths;! mg;gbj; Njhd;Wk;

mts; xU tpdh tpdTths;> " ,k;ik ,d;gKk; kWik ,d;gKk;>

,uz;Lk; ,d;wp vg;NghJk; Jhajha; epw;Fk; ,d;gKk;| Mfpatw;iwf;

$Wq;fs;. ehd; ,k;kiyapy; tho;fpNwd; ' vd; ngaH tNuhj;jik !

,k; %d;W cz;ikfis ciug;ghHf;F ehd; vt;tifapYk;

cupats; MNtd;' Mjypd; > ePq;fs; ciug;gPHfshdhy; jFjpAila

ckf;F ,g;gpy thapw; fjtpidj; jpwg;Ngd;! " vd;W $Wths;.

ePq;fs; Vw;w gjpy; $wpd; fjitj; jpwe;J tpLths;. gpd; mtd;

fhl;Lk; ey;y topapNy nry;tPuhapd; gy fjTfs; ( thapy;fs; )

Njhd;Wk; ! ,ul;ilf; fjtpidAila thapy; xd;Wk; Njhd;Wk;!

njhlHe;J nrd;why;> xtpakhfj; jPl;lg;gl;l g+q;nfhb Nghd;w mofpa

ngz; xUj;jp vjpHg;gLths;. mts;> ",Wjp ,yh ,d;gk; vd;gJ vJ?

mjid vdf;F ,q;F ciug;gPuhapd;> ePq;fs; tpUk;gp te;j

nghUs;fisf; fhz;gPH! " vd;W tpdTths;> " ePq;fs; vdJ

tpdhf;fSf;F tpil $whtpl;lhYk; cq;fisj; Jd;GWj;j khl;Nld;.

,e;j neL topf;F mg;ghy; nfhz;L Ngha; tpl;LtpLNtd;. nghUe;jg;

gjpy; ciug;ghH csuhapd; mtHf;F Nkw;$wpa %d;W

ngha;iffspd; fiufisAk; fhl;bj; jpUk;GNtd;! " vd;Wk;

ciug;ghs;. " mupa Ntjq;fspy; czHj;jg;gLk; Ie;njOj;J

ke;jpukhd ekrptha vd;gjidAk;> vl;nlOj;J ke;jpukhd Xk; eNkh

ehuhazha vd;gjidAk; kdk; xd;wp Kiwahf Xjp ePH

tpUk;gpanjhU ngha;ifapy; ePuhLtPuhapd;> mjdhy; ePq;fs; ngWk;

gad; ngupjhk;. mjidj; jtj;NjhUk; fhz;ly; mupJ. ePtpH kw;wg;

ngha;iffspd; gaid vz;zhJ kyHkpir epd;w jpUkhypd; mofpa

jhkiu kyH Nghd;w jpUtbfis cs;sk; xd;wp epidAq;fs; .

mt;thW cs;sk; nghUe;jpj; jpahdk; nra;jhy;> mj;jpUkhypd;

fUlf; nfhb gwf;Fk; ePz;l nfhb fhL kuk; fz;Zf;Fj; njupAk;.

gpd;> mtsJ kyH Nghd;w ,izabfs; cq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhz;L

gpwtpj; Jaiug; Nghf;Fk;! me;epiyapy; Ngupd;gk; mile;jtuha;

khz;Gila kJiuf;Fr; nry;tPuhf! fz;$lhff; fhzj;jFk;

gpyj;jpd; jd;ik ,JNtahFk;!.

3.1.5. ,il topapd; ,ay;Gfs;

me;j topapYk; nry;y cq;fSf;F tpUg;gkpy;iyahdhy; >

,ilg;gl;l top ey;y topahFk; Njd; rpe;Jk; kyHr; Nrhiyfs;

#o;e;j CHfs; ,ilapilNa cs;s fhLfs; gytw;iwf; fle;J

nrd;why;> me;j mupa topapNy ngUe;Jd;gk; jUk; fhDiw

50

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nja;tk; xd;W vjpNu Njhd;Wk;! fz;NlhH eLf;fk; nfhs;shjthW >

,dpa tbtj;NjhL te;J Jd;gk; nra;ahJ topg; Nghthiuj;

jLf;Fk;> mjdplkpUe;J jg;gp ele;J Nkw;nrd;why;> mk; kJiu

nry;Yk; top %d;Wk; xd;W NrHe;J ngUtopahf tpsq;Fk;. Mjyhy;

ePq;fs; nrd;W thUq;fs;! ehd; > neba cyfj;ijj; jhtpase;j

jpUkhypd; jpUtbfis tzq;Fk; jd;ikAilatd;. Mjyhy; vd;

topapNy Ngha; tUfpNwd;! " vd;W $wp Kbj;jhd;. khkiwNahd;

thapyhf topapd; ,ay;Gfisf; Nfl;lwpe;j fTe;jpabfs; >

eyk;Gup nfhs;if ehd;kiw ahs

gpyk;Gf Ntz;Lk; ngw;wp <q;fpy;iy

fg;gj; jpe;jpud; fhl;ba E}ypd;

nka;g;ghl; baw;ifapd; tpsq;ff; fhzha;

,we;j gpwg;gpd; va;jpa nty;yhk;

gpwe;j gpwg;gpw; fhzh NaheP

tha;ikapd; tohJ kd;Dap Nuhk;GeHf;F

ahtJ Kz;Nlh va;jh mUk;nghUs;

fhKW nja;tq; fz;lb gzpa

ePNgh ahq;fSk; ePs;newpg; glHFJk;

xU nghUs; nghUe;jpa ciuia ciug;ghuhapdhH “ ey;

xOf;fj;ij tpUk;Gk; nfhs;ifapidAila ehd;kiw ty;ytNd! eP

$wpa gpyj;jpy; Gf Ntz;ba epiy vq;fSf;F ,y;iy! ePL

tho;jiyAila ,e;jpud; ,aw;wpa tpahfuzj;jpid> mUfg;

ngUkhs; mUspa gukhfkj;jpy; tpsq;ff;fhz;gha; ! Mjyhy;

Gz;zpa rutzj;jpy; %o;fp ePlhu Ntz;lh!. eP nry;thahf.

ehq;fSk; ePz;l topapNy kJiu Nehf;fpr; nry;Nthk; vd;whu;.

3.1.6. Iiaf;Nfhl;lk; miljy;

thdpy; nry;Yk; QhapW ntk;ik nra;aj; njhlq;fpw;W .

Mjyhy; jPik kpf;f ghiy top ,dp ntapypy; nrd;W flj;jw;F

mupJ vd czHe;jdH Nfhtyd;> tise;j fhjzpia mzpe;j

fz;zfp> fTe;jpabfs; MfpNahH. kaf;fj;ijj; jUk; topiaAila

epyg; gug;gpy; cs;s FutKk;> Ntd; flk;Gk;> Nfhq;Fk;> Ntq;ifAk;

jk;kpw; fye;J nghypTld; tsHe;jpUe;j> Nrhiy #o;e;J tpsq;fpa

Xuplj;ij neUq;fpdH. neUq;fp> flj;jw;fupa topfspy; nry;NthuJ

tsj;jpidad;wp > kio tsj;jpidg; ngwhj tpy;iyAila kwtH>

vkid xj;j typAld; tise;j tpy;iyf; ifapy; Ve;jpg; giftH

Kidaplj;Jr; nry;y> mtHf;F ey;y ntw;wpiaf; nfhLj;J

51


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mjw;Ff; ifk;khwhf tPuj; jd;ikf;F milahskhd

mtpg;gypahfpa flid vjpH Nehf;Fk; new;wpf; fz;izAila

FkupAk; > tpz;NzhH Nghw;Wk; ghitAk; > Fw;wkw;w

rpwg;gpidAila thd ehl;ilAilatSkhd nfhw;witapd;

Nfhapy; xd;W mq;fpUf;ff; fz;L> mf;Nfhapypd; xU Gwkhfr;

nrd;W jq;fpdH.

3.2. Ntl;Lt tup (fhij -12) 3.2.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

fTe;jpabfs;> fz;zfp> Nfhtyd; %tUk; Iia Nfhapypd;

xU gf;fj;Nj ,isg;ghwpdH. mq;Nf> rhypdp> nja;tk; Vwg;ngw;W

MNtrk; nfhz;lhs;. nfhw;witf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba nra;flid

epiwNtw;WkhW $wpdhs;. nja;tk; Vwpa rhypdp fz;zfpia

midtHf;Fk; Rl;bf; fhl;b> “ ,tNsh nfhq;fr; nry;tp>

Flkiyahl;b> njd;jkpo; ehL nra;j jtf;nfhOe;J" vd mtsJ

vjpHfhyj; nja;tepiy Fwpj;J tpae;Jiuj;jhs; . mJ Nfl;l

fz;zfp > ehzKw;Wf; fztdpd; Gwj;Nj xJq;fp epd;whs;.

Ntl;LtHfs; nfhw;witapd; Gfo; $wp tupg; ghly;fisg; ghbf;

nfhz;lhbdH.

3.2.2. nja;tk; Vwg; ngw;w rhypdpapd; Kof;fk;

Qhapw;wpd; ntk;ikahd fjpHfs; fLikahfj; jhf;Fk;NghJ

topg; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;ljhy; kzkpF $e;jiyAila fz;zfp

ngUe;Jd;gKw;whs;. mtsJ rpw;wbfs; rpte;jd@ tUj;jk; jhshJ

FKwpr; nrwpe;jhs;. top eilj; Jd;gk; njhiyAkhW %tUk; Iia

Nfhl;lj;jpy;> ahtUk; mwpahjthW xU gf;fkhf ,Ue;jdH. mq;Nf>

mk;gpid toq;Fk; tpy;ypid Ve;jpa ngupa iffisAila kwtH

FbapNy gpwe;j cupikahy;> goq;flidj; ju Koq;fp MHg;gupf;Fk;

rhypdp> nja;tk; Vwg; ngw;whs;. mtsJ nka;k;kapHr; rpypHj;jJ.

mts; iffis vLj;J caHj;jp> Ks; Ntyp ,lg;gl;l Cupd; eLNt

vapdH xUq;F $bg; gfpHe;J cz;Zk; CH kd;wj;jpy; ahtUk;

tpaf;Fk; tz;zk; fhy; ngaHj;J Mbdhs;! " goq;fld;

juhikahy;> giftuJ Muthuk; kpf;f ngupa Cupy; Mdpiufs;

jpuz;ld! ,q;Nfh typa tpy;ypidAila kwtHfspd; kd;wq;fs;

gho;gl;ld! kwf;Fb kwtUk; topg;gwpahy; tsk; Ruf;fg; ngwhJ

mwf;FbapdH Nghyr; rpdk; Fiwe;J nrUf;F mlq;fpdH!

fiyahfpa CHjpiaAila nfhw;witf;F ePq;fs; nra;flidj;

juhtpl;lhy;> mts; cq;fs; tpy;Yf;F ntw;wpiaj; jukhl;lhs;! topg;

52

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




NghthH nghUisg; gwpj;J cz;Zk; kf;fNs! ePq;fs; fs; Fbj;J

kfpo;e;J thOk; tho;it tpUk;GtPuhapd;> nfhw;witf;Fupa gypf;

flid mspg;gPuhf! " vd;W ciuj;jhs;.| jk; jiyiaj; jhNk

mupe;J nfhw;witf;Fg; gypapl;L ,j;jid vd vz;zpf;

nfhs;SkhW nra;Ak; mk;kwtHfs; Nehahy; nrj;J vupf;fg;gl;L

twpNj ,wf;fhj FbapdH. mtHfs;> jk; njhy;Fbapy; gpwe;j

nja;tk; Vwg;ngw;w mr;rhypdpapd; FWfpa RUz;l $e;jiyr;> rpW

nts;isg; ghk;Gf; Fl;b Nghyr; nra;j nghd; fapw;wpdhy; ePz;l

ril Kbahfr; Rw;wpf; fl;bdH. fl;L Ntyp #o;e;j Njhl;lg; gapiu

mopj;j gd;wpapdJ tise;j nfhk;gpidg; gpLq;fp> mjidg; gpiwr;

re;jpud; vd;DkhW rilKbapy; rhj;jpdH. mQ;rhikAila typa

Gypapd; thiag; gpse;J ngw;w ntz; gw;fis xOq;fhd

khiyahff; Nfhj;Jg; Gypg;gy;jhyp vd mts; fOj;jpy; mzpe;jdH.

tupf; NfhLfSk; Gs;spfSk; fye;j Gypj;Njhy; Milia mtsJ

,ilapy; Nkfiyahf cLj;jpdH. md;Gld; tapu tpy;iy vLj;J

mtsJ ifapy; nfhLj;jdH. KWf;Fz;l nfhk;igAila Mz;

khd; kPJ mtis mkur; nra;jdH. ghitAk; fpspAk;>

rpWkapiuAila mofpa rpwfpidf; nfhz;l fhl;Lf; NfhopAk;>

ePyepw kapYk;> ge;Jk;> fpoq;Fk; Mfpa ,tw;iwf; nfhLj;J

mtisf; nfhw;witahfg; Gide;J Jjpj;jdH. tz;zf; Fok;Gk;>

Rz;zg;nghbAk; FspHe;j kzKs;s re;jdKk;> mtiuAk;>

JtiuAk;> vs;SUz;ilAk;> epzj;Jld; $ba NrhWk;> kyHfSk;>

GifAk;> tpUk;gpa kzg; nghUs;fSk; Mfpa ,tw;iwg; gzpg;

ngz;fs; Ve;jp mts; gpd;Nd tUkhW nra;jdH. topg;gwpf;Fk;NghJ

nfhl;Lk; giwAk;> nfhk;Gk;> Gy;yhq;FoYk; > ngUik kpf;f

kzpAk; Mfpa ,it jk;kpw; $b xUNru xypf;FkhW

mr;rhypdpahfpa nfhw;wit Kd;Nd epWj;jpdH. gpd; mzq;Nfwpa

mr;rhypdp jhd; je;j ntw;wpapd; tpiyahfpa gypapid cz;Zk;

,lkhfpa kyH tpupe;j gypgPlj;ij Kjypy; tzq;fpg; gpd;dH>

tpiue;j nrytpidAila fiyia CHjpahf cila

nfhw;witiaf; ifahy; njhOJ ehthy; Nghw;wpdhs;.

3.2.3. nja;tk; Nghw;wpa nja;tf; fz;zfp

,tNsh> nfhq;fr; nry;tp Flkiy ahl;b

njd;wkpo;g; ghit nra;j jtf;nfhOe;J

xUkh kzpaha; cyfpw; Nfhq;fpa

jpUkh kzpnadj; nja;tKw; Wiug;g

53


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nja;tk; Vwg; ngw;w mr;rhypdp> jk;Ks; xj;j jhkiu

kyHNghYk; rpw;wbfs; tUe;j kpfTk; Jd;Gw;Wj; jd; fztDld;

mq;F xUghy; jq;fpapUe;j kzk; nghUe;jpa $e;jiyAila

fz;zfpia vapdHf;Fr; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhs;> NkYk;> ",ts; >nfhq;F

ehl;bd; tpiy kjpg;gw;w nry;tp@ Flkiy ehl;il Ms;gts;@ njd;

jkpo;g; ghit@ NkNyhH nra;j jtf; nfhOe;J@ ,t;Tyfpw;nfy;yhk;

xg;gw;w khkzp Nghd;W kpf;f xspiaj; jUk; nja;t kfs;! " vd;W

nka;kwe;J Nghw;wpj; Jjpj;jhs;.

3.2.4. fz;zfpapd; mlf;fKilik

rhypdpapd; GfOiuiaf; Nfl;l fz;zfp> “,k;

%jwpTilahs; VNjh kaf;fj;jhy; ,t;thW $wpdhs; NghYk;!" vd;W

fUjpg; ngWjw;fupa fztdhd Nfhtydpd; gpd;dhy; xLq;fp>

GjpanjhU Gd;dif g+j;J ehzp epd;whs;.

3.3. GwQ;Nrup ,Wj;j fhij (fhij -13) 3.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

fz;zfpapd; cly; NrhHtpid czHe;j Nfhtyd;> “

ghz;badpd; nrq;Nfhy; rpwg;ghy; ehl;by; ahnjhU ,ila+Wk;

NeuhJ. Mjyhy; ,utpy; nry;yyhk; ' vdf; $wpdhd;. mt;thNw

%tUk; ele;J nrd;wdH. Ks;Ntyp #o;e;j fhty; kpf;f ,lj;Nj

,UtiuAk; ,Uf;fr; nra;J> Nfhtyd; jdpNa ePHj;Jiwia ehbr;

nrd;whd;. mq;Nf Nfhrpfidr; re;jpj;jhd;. Nfhtyidg; gpupe;j GfhH

efuk; cw;w JaH gw;wpf; Nfhrpfd; tpupthff; $wp> khjtpapd;

fbjj;ij mtdplk; mspj;jhd;. fbjj;jpd; Nkd;ikia czHj;j

Nfhtyd;> “mts; nra;j Fw;wk; ahJk; ,y;iy! ,J vd; jPJ' vd

nehe;J jd;idNa gopj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. me;jr; rpwe;j fbjj;ijg;

ngw;Nwhuplk; NrHj;J mtH jk; Jd;gk; fisAkhW Nfhrpfid

Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhd;. gpd;> ghznuhL NrHe;J aho; ,irj;jhd;>

kJiu vt;tsT J}uk; ,Uf;fpwJ' vd mg;ghzuplk; tpdt>

mtHfs;> ' mz;ikj;Nj' vd nkhope;jdH . gpwF NfhtyDk;

fz;zfpAk; fTe;jpabfSk; xU fl;L kuj;jpy; Vwp itiaahw;iwf;

fle;J> njd;fiuia mile;J> kJiuapd; kjpw;Gwj;Jg;

GwQ;Nrupapy; jq;fpdH.

3.3.2. kJiu Nehf;fpa %tupd; gazk;

tpba tpba ele;jdH. Nfhtyd; topeilg; gazj;jhy;

NrhHe;J fisj;jpUe;j fz;zfpia Nehf;fp> ",e;j topapy; tupg;

Gypfs; cWKk;@ Nguhe;ijfs; myWk;@ fubfs; Koq;Fk;@ ,tw;iwf;

54

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Nfl;L eP mQ;rhJ vd;Dld; ,ize;J tUf ! " vd;W $wp>

tisay; mzpe;j mtsJ ifiaj; jdJ Njhs;kPJ rhHj;jpf;

nfhz;lhd;. top eil tUj;jk; jPUk; tz;zk; ght nkhopapd;

ePq;fpa Fw;wkw;w Nfs;tpapidAila fTe;jpabfspd; mwTiufisf;

Nfl;lthNw flj;jw;fupa topiaf; fle;jdH. mg;NghJ KJNtdpy;

ntk;ik epiyngw;w %q;fpy; vupe;J rupe;J fplf;Fk; fhl;blj;Nj

fhl;Lf; Nfhopfs; #upad; tUifia mwptpj;jd. tupg;ghl;ilg;ghLk;

,ay;gpduha;> kiwE}y; jd;ikapypUe;J khWgl;l ,Of;fpduha;>

Kg;Gup E}y; mzpe;J tho;Nthupd; XH Ciu mtHfs; mile;jdH.

me;j Cupd; cs;Ns nry;yhJ xU Gwj;Nj jq;fpdH. Nfhtyd;>

fTe;jpabfSlNd fz;zfpia xU ghJfhtyhd ,lj;Nj ,Uf;fr;

nra;J> Ks;Ntypiaf; fle;J re;jp Kjyhd fhiy epakq;fis

Kbg;gjw;fhf ePz;l topapy; cs;s ePH epiyia ehbr; nrd;whd;.

3.3.3. Nfhrpfd; re;jpg;G

mtd; fhl;L topapNy fz;zfpia mioj;J te;jikf;Fg;

ngupJk; tUe;jp ciyj; JUj;jp Nghyg; ngU%r;nrwpe;jhd;. cly;

jsHe;J cs;sk; NrhHe;J Nkdp epwk; khWgl;bUe;jjhy;> mtidj;

Njb te;j Nfhrpfd; vd;Dk; gpukr;rhup ,td; Nfhtyd; jhdh' vd

IAw;whd;. jdJ Iaj;ijg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mUfpy; ,Ue;j

' khjtp ' vd;w ngaUila FUf;fj;jpf;nfhb glHe;j xU ge;jiur;

rhHe;J> ' khjtpNa! jd;id tpl;Lf; Nfhtyd; gpupe;jjhy; kpf;f

Jd;gj;ij mile;j nea;jy; kyH Nghd;w fz;fisAila

khjtpiag; Nghy ePAk; nghWj;jw;fupa ,k;KJNtdpw; fhyj;J

ntapw;F Mw;whJ thb kyHfisf; fise;J Jd;Gw;whNah?"

Nfhrpfdpd; $w;iwr; nrtpNaw;w Nfhtyd;> 'IaNd! ePH ,q;Ff;

$wpajd; nghUs; vd;d? vd tpdtpdhd;. mt;tstpy; mtsJ Iak;

ePq;fpaJ 'jPjpy;yhJ ,Uf;fpd;whd;! ehd; fz;L gpbj;J tpl;Nld;>

,td; Nfhtyd;jhd;' vd kfpo;r;rpAld; mtid neUq;fpf;

$wYw;whd;.

3.3.4. Nfhtyidg; gpupe;j Gfhupd; epiy

NfhtyNd! epd; je;ijahd ngUQ;nry;td; khrhj;JthDk;>

mtDila ngUkidf; fpoj;jpahd epd; jhAk; mupa khzpf;fj;ij

,oe;j ehfk; Nghy xLq;fpdH@ epdJ cwtpdH ,dpa capiu

,oe;j cliyg; Nghyj; Jd;gf; flypy; Mo;e;jdH. epd; je;ij>

'vy;yhj; jpirfspYk; nrd;W Nfhtyidj; Njbf; nfhz;L tUf!'

vd VtyHfis mDg;gpdhd;@ me;j VtyHfs; cd;idj; Njbg; gy

55


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jpirfSf;Fk; nrd;Ws;sdH. 'je;ij Vtiyf; Nfl;L mjd;gb

elg;gNj rpwe;jJ> mtd; gzpapy;yhJ murhl;rpNa fpilg;gpDk;

jQ;rk; vd;W mjidg; gw;wpg; ghz;Lk; fplg;gJ jPikNaahFk;!”

vd;W fUjpj; je;ijapd; fl;lisg;gb fhdfk; nrd;w ,uhkidg;

gpupe;J Jd;Gw;w mNahj;jp Nghy Ek; gpuptpdhy; Gfo; ngw;w

%J}uhd GfhH Jd;GWfpwJ!"

3.3.5. khjtpapd; ,uz;lhk; kly;

NfhtyNd! ,d;ndhd;W Nfs;> eP Xiyia thq;f kWj;Jf;

$wpatw;iw nay;yhk; tae;jkhiy %yk; Nfl;l khjtp gre;j

Nkdpasha; gyg;gy epide;J Mw;whsha;> vOepiy khlj;J

eLepiyapy; mike;j gLf;ifapy; tPo;e;J Jd;GWfpd;wds;. mts;

mt;thW epd;id epide;J epide;J cw;w Jauj;ij ehd;

Nfs;tpAw;Wg; ngupJk; tUe;jp MWjy; $wr; nrd;Nwd; . kpf;f

Jd;gKw;w khjtp> ' epd; ,izab njhONjd; : vdf;F te;j

Jd;gj;jpidg; Nghf;Ftha; ! ' vd;W $wp > kyH Nghd;w jd;

ifapdhy; xU Klq;fiy vOjp Kj;jpiuapl;L vd;dplk; je;J> '

vd; fz;kzp Nghd;wtDf;F ,ijf; fhl;Lf! ' vd;W vd;dplk;

je;jhs;. ,jid Ve;jpg; gy ,lq;fspYk; miye;J jpupe;J ,d;W

,q;F Ek;ikf; fz;Nld;! " vd;W vy;yhtw;iwAk; Fw;wkpd;wp

vLj;Jf; $wp fhjy; cs;sj;jhy; neQ;rope;J tUe;Jk; mofpa

$e;jiyAila khjtp je;j Klq;fiyf; Nfhrpfd;> Nfhtydpd;

kyHf;ifapNy nfhLj;jhd;.

3.3.6. kly; rpwg;G

khjtp jd; $e;jyhy; mk;Klq;fypy; kz; ,yr;rpid

nghwpj;jpUe;jhshjypd;> mk;Klq;fy;> mtd; mtSld; tho;e;j

fhyj;jpy; g+rpa GOF nea;apd; kzj;ij czHj;jpaJ. vdNt

mjidf; ifapdpd;Wk; tpLtpf;fhjtdha;> rpwpJ nghOJ jho;j;Jg;

gpd;dH mijg; gpupj;Jg; gbf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;. "mbfNs! cq;fs;

jpUtbfisj; njhOfpNwd;@ njsptpy;yhj vd; Gd;nkhopfis

kdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jhq;fs; jq;fSila jha; je;ij

Mfpa ,U KJFutHf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba gzptpiliar; nra;ahJ

tpl;BHfs;! md;wpAk;> caH FbapNy gpwe;j fz;zfpAld; ,utpNy

,e;efiu tpl;L ePq;fpr; nrd;wPHfs;' ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; ahd; nra;j

Fw;wk; ahJ vd mwpa ,ayhky; vd; cs;sk; tUe;JfpwJ. ,ijj;

jhq;fs; Nghf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fw;wk; ePq;fpa ew;fhl;rpfisAila

Nkd;ikAilaPH! ek; GfOf;Ff; FiwAz;lhfhky; fhg;gPuhf! " vd;W

56

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mts; vOjpa Gfo; nkhopfspd; nghUis ed;F czHe;j

Nfhtyd;> mtsplk; Fw;wk; vJTk; ,y;iy vdj; njspe;J> ' ,J

vd; Fw;wk;' vd;whd;. Klq;fypd; rpwg;gpid mwpe;j Nfhtyd;>

,k;kz; Kj;jpiu ,lg;gl;l Klq;fy; vd;idg; ngw;nwLj;j

je;ijf;Fk; (mbfNs! cq;fs; jpUtbfisj; njhOfpNwd;@

njsptpy;yhj vd; Gd; nkhopfis kdj;jpy; Vw;wUs; Ntz;Lk;! ehd;

jq;fSf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba gzptpilfisf; iftpl;ljd;wp> ,e;j

caH Fbapy; gpwe;j fz;zfpAld;> jq;fis tpl;L ePq;fp ,utpy;

gpupe;jjw;Ff; fhuzkhd vd; gpioiag; nghWj;J> vq;fsJ gpupthy;

NeUk; cs;sj; jsHr;rpiag; Nghf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;! Fw;wk; jPHe;j

nka;f;fhl;rpAila Nkd;ikaPH@ Nghw;wp vd) mofhfg; nghUe;Jk;

jd;ikapy; cs;sJ! Mjypd;> 'NfhrpfNd! Fw;wkpy;yhj vd; ,U

KJFutupd; kyH mida jpUtbfis tzq;fpNdd;! vdf; $wp

vd; je;ijf;F ,jidf; fhl;Lthahf!' vd mk; Klq;fiy

mtdplk; nfhLj;J> vkJ gpupthy; mtHf;Fz;lhd eLf;fj;jpidg;

Nghf;fp> mtHjk; ey;y cs;sj;jpy; nghUe;jpa JaiuAk;

fistjw;F tpiue;J nry;thahf!" vd;W $wp mtidg; GfhUf;Fj;

jpUk;g mDg;gpdhd;. Nfhrpfkhzpia tpl;Lg; gpupe;j Nfhtyd;

khrpy;yhj fw;gpidAila fz;zfpAk; fTe;jpabfSk; ,Ue;j

,lj;ij mile;jhd;.

3.3.7. kJiuia miljy;

NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk; fTe;jpabfSk; Kjy; ehs;

NghyNt kw;w ehl;fspYk; ,utpy; ele;J nrd;W itfiwg;

nghOjpy; kJiuia neUq;fpdH. mg;NghJ mopj;jy;

njhopiyAila rptngUkhd; Nfhapypdpd;Wk;> Gfo; kpf;f

ghz;badpd; muz;kidapdpd;Wk; xypf;Fk; fhiy Kurpd; xypAk;>

NtjpaH ehd;F Ntjq;fis xJk; xypAk;> ngUe;jt KdptHfs;

fhiyapy; XJk; ke;jpuj;jhy; cz;lhd xypAk;> kd;ddhy;

rpwg;gpf;fg; ngw;w ths; tPuH jk; tPuj;jpw;F milahskhf

ehl;fhiyapy; vOg;gpa KuR Kjypatw;wpd; xypAk; > Nghupy;

giftiu ntd;W nfhz;L te;j NghH ahidfspd; Kof;fKk;>

fhl;by; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L tug;gl;l ahidfspd; Kof;fKk;>

Fjpiufspd; fiyg;nghypAk; nghUeH itfiwapy; vOg;Gk;

fpizg;giwnahypAk; Mfpa ,t;nthypfs; fUq;fliyg; Nghy

xypj;J tuNtw;f mjdhy; mtHfs; Kd;G jhk; mile;j Jd;gq;fs;

vy;yhk; ePq;fg; ngw;wdH >

57


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

3.3.8. itia vd;Dk; ngha;ahf; Fyf;nfhb

ijaw; FWtJ jhdwpe; jds;Nghy;

Gz;zpa eWky uhil NghHj;Jf;

fz;zpiw neLePH fue;jds; mlf;fpg;

Gdy;ah wd;wpJ g+k;Gdy; ahnwd

Nfhtyd;> fz;zfp> fTe;jpabfs; Mfpa %tUk;

itiaahw;wpdJ tlfiuia mile;jdH. Fuh kuKk;> kfpo kuKk;>

Nfhq;f kuKk;> Ntq;if kuKk;> ntz; flk;g kuKk;> RuGd;id

kuKk;> kQ;rhb kuKk;> kUj kuKk;> nrUe;jp kuKk; Mfpa ,it

ghjpup kuj;Jld; kyHe;J itianad;Dk; eq;iff;Fg; g+e;Jfpyhf

tpsq;Fk;@ FUf;fj;jpAk;> nrk;Ky;iyAk;> tstpa nfhbiaAila

KRz;ilAk;> tpupe;j g+f;fisAila Nkhrp ky;ypAk;> nts;isf;

$jhsKk;> ntl;ghiyAk;> %q;fpYk;> nfhOq;nfhb gfd;iwAk;>

gpltKk;> ,Uthl;rpAk; Mfpa gy kyUk; gpd;dpg; glHe;J

me;eq;ifapd; Nkfiyahfj; jpfOk;@ mfd;W caHe;j fiuNa me;

eq;ifapd; my;FyhFk;@ Mw;wpilf; Fiwf;fz; mbg;gf;fk; mfd;W >

gy kyHfshy; caHr;rp ngw;W xd;ww;nfhd;W xj;J caHe;J

Ftpe;J tpsq;Fk; kzy; Fd;Wfs; me; eq;ifapd; nfhq;iffs;

MFk;@ fiuapNy cjpHe;J fplf;Fk; KUf;f kyHfs; me;eq;ifapd;

rpte;j tha; MFk;: mUtp ePUld; te;j Ky;iy kyHfs; me;

eq;ifapd; gw;fs; mFk;@ FWf;Fk; neLf;Fkhf Xbj;jpupAk; fay;

kPd;fs; me;eq;ifapd; ePz;l fz;fs; MFk;: kzk; fkOk; kyHfs;

ePq;fg; ngwhj fUkzy; me; eq;ifapd; fUq;$e;jy; MFk; @ ,j;jF

moF eyk; tha;e;j ,ts;> gy;tifg; nghUs;fis tpistpj;J>

cyf capHfis tsHf;Fk; mUs; cilats;@ GytH ehtpNy

nghUe;jpa jpUkfs;@ itia MW vd;W $wg;gLk; tsk; ngha;ahj

ghz;baH Fyf; nfhbahd ,ts; fz;zfpf;F epfotpUf;Fk;

Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu mwpe;jtidg; Nghy> Gz;zpa eWkyHfshy;

Md Milahy; cly; KOJk; NghHj;J> jd; fz;fspypUe;J ngUfp

tUk; ePiu kw;wtH fhzhjthW cs;slf;fpj; Njhd;wpdhs;.

3.3.9. ,J ePH MW md;W@ g+thW!

',e;j MW ePH mW md;W : g+thW! ' vd;W Gfo;e;J>

md;dk; Nghd;w eilAila fz;zfpAk; > NfhtyDk; itiaiaj;

njhOJ Nghw;wpdH . gpd; mtHfs; mupa JiwapNy nrYj;Jk;

Fjpiu Kf xlk;> ahid Kf Xlk;> rpq;f Kf Xlk; Mfpatw;wpy;

Vwpg; gyUk; nry;Yk; ngupa Jiwg;gf;fj;Nj nry;yhJ> mq;Fs;s

58

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




rpwpa Jiwapy; fTe;jpabfSld; xU kug;Gizapy; Vwpj; Njd;

rpe;Jk; kyHfs; epiwe;j NrhiyfSld; $ba njd;fiuia

mile;jdH.

3.3.10. tuhjPH! tuhjPH !- top kwpj;j neLq;nfhb

NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb

thunyd; gdNghy; kwpj;Jf;if fhl;l

'thdtH ciwAk; kJiu eiu tyk; te;jhy; kpfTk;

ed;ikAz;lhFk;' vd;W fUjp> mopj;jw;fupa fhtw;fhL #o;e;j

mfopiar; Rw;wpr; nrd;wdH. mg;NghJ> mfopapy; kyHe;Js;s

Ftis kyUk;> my;yp kyUk;> jhkiu kyUk; Mfpa ,it>

fz;zfpf;Fk; NfhtyDf;Fk; epfog; NghFk; Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu

mwpe;J nfhz;ld Nghy> tz;Lfs; jk;kplk; ,Ue;J ghLk; xypNa

mOif xyp Nghy; tpsq;ff; fz;zPiur; nrhupe;jd@ jhs;fs;

eLq;fpd@ fhw;why; mire;jd. giftiu ntd;wjw;F mwpFwpahf

mupa kjpypd;kPJ fl;lg;gl;Ls;s nfhbfs;> Nfhtyd; >

fz;zfpaiug; ghHj;J> ' ,e;efUf;F ePq;fs; tuNtz;lh' vd;W jk;

ifahy; kwpj;Jf; fhl;Ltd Nghy mirj;J gwe;J nfhz;bUe;jd !

| gwitfs; moF nra;Ak; tay;fSk; NrhiyfSk; nghUe;jg;

ngw;W> kpf;f ePiuAila XilfSk; Njhl;lq;fSk;> tpupe;j

ePiuAila VupfSk;> Fiy Fiyaha;j; njhq;Fk; fha;fisAila

njd;idAk;> thioAk;> fKFk;> ,uz;L %q;fpyhy; ,lg;gl;l

ge;jUk; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; ,Ug;gplj;ijAila > mwj;jpidNa

tpUk;Gk; Jwtpfs; md;wpg; gpwH nrd;W jq;fhj efupd;

GwQ;Nrupapid %tUk; tpUk;gpr; nrd;wile;jdH.

3.4. CHfhz; fhij (fhij -14) 3.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

NrhiyfspYk; tay;fspYk; ePHepiyfspYk; gwitfs; xyp

vOg;gpd. QhapW fPo;j;jpir cjpj;jhd;. Nfhapy;fspy; KuRfs;

xypj;jd. Nfhtyd; fTe;jpabfisj; njhOJ jdJ kdj; Jaiu

vLj;Jiuj;jhd;@ fz;zfpf;F NeHe;j Jd;gj;Jf;fhfg; ngupJk;

tUe;jpdhd;> cs;sk; nehe;J fple;j mtDf;Fr; rpwe;j Kiwapy;

MWjy; toq;fpdhH fTe;jpabfs;> Nfhtyd; jhd; kJiu nrd;W

jpUk;gp tUk;tiu fz;zfpia mbfspd; ghJfhg;gpy; ,Uf;fr;

nra;J> $ly; khefupd; cs;Ns nrd;W> gy;NtW fhl;rpfisf;

fz;lhd;. gy;NtW filj; njUf;fisAk; fz;lhd;@ gpd;

GwQ;Nrupf;Fj; jpUk;gp te;jhd;.

59


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

3.4.2. kJiuapd; mikg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; - mur tPjp

%L tz;bAk;> gy;yf;Fk;> kzpfs; gjpj;j fhy;fisAila

fl;bYk;> tpisahl;Lg; nghopypy; cWJizahapUe;J kfpo;jw;Fupa

rpwg;Gk;> rhkiuahfpa ftupAk;> nghd;dhyhd ntw;wpiyg; ngl;bAk;>

$H Kid thSk; jk; murd; nfhLf;f> mt;thW ngw;w nry;tk;

vg;NghJk; khwhj tho;f;ifAilatuhf kfspH Gjpa kzk;

nghUe;jpapUg;gH@ mk; kfspH> Vty; ngz;bH nghd; fpz;zq;fspy;

Ve;jpj; jUk; ,dpa fs;spd; njspitg; gUfp kaq;FtH@ mk;

kaf;fj;jhy;> Gs;spfisAila ghLk; tz;Lfis> mit

nkha;f;fhj ,lj;jpypUe;Jk; xl;LtH@ ,ytk; g+tpd; ,jo; NghYk;

rpte;j tha; ,jo;fspNy ,sKj;Jg; NghYk; gw;fs; Njhd;w

KWtypg;gH@ ePNyhw;gtk; Nghd;w fz;zpidAila mk;kfspH Cly;

fhyj;jpy; eh fhthJ $wpa nrhw;fs;> neQ;R Kjyhd vz;tif

,lj;Jk; nghUe;jhj eif nkhopahFk;@ mofpa nrq;fOePH kyHfs;

mUk;ig nefpo;j;J kyHe;jhw; NghYk; rpte;j faypidnahj;j

mtHfsJ ePz;l fz;fs;> filr; rptg;ghfg; g+rypLk;@ mtHjk;

nfhiyj; njhopypy; ty;y tpy; Nghd;w GUtj;jpd; mofpa Nfhbfs;

cs; tisAk; > mtHjk; jpyfk; mzpe;j rpwpa new;wpapNy

tpaHit mUk;Gk;> ,j;jifa mk; kfspH Nkw;nfhz;l mt;Tly;

jPUk; rkaj;ij vjpHghHj;J> tsk; kpf;f Fbg;gpwe;j nry;tNuhL ehL

fhf;Fk; murUk; tpUk;Gk; fhkf; fpoj;jpaH thOk; tPjpfisAk;

Nfhtyd; nrd;W fz;lhd.;

3.4.3. vz;nzz; fiyQH tPjp

Rl;l XLfshy; NtahJ nghd; jfLfshy; Ntag;gl;ldTk;>

Fw;wk; ePq;fpa rpwg;igAiladTk;> Kb #ba murUk; gpwH

mwpahJ jq;fpapUe;jw;Nfw;w jd;ik AiladTkhd fhty;kpf;f

kidfspy; tho;gtH muq;ff; $j;jpaH. mtHfs; Ntj;jpaYk;

nghJtpaYkhfpa ,Utiff; $j;jpd; ,ay;Gfis mwpe;J> mit

kaq;fh tz;zk; Mbg;ghLk; ,ay;gpdH@ jhsq;fSk;> jhsq;fspd;

toptUk; VO tifj; J}f;FfSk;> ,tw;Wld; xUq;fpize;J

,irf;Fk; Njhw;fUtpfspd; $WghLfisAk; ed;F mwpe;jtH@

ehy;tif kugpidAila mtpda epyj;jpYk;> Fuy; Kjyhfpa VO

epyj;jpDk; nghUe;jpa Mly;ghly;fis epfo;j;Jk; ,ay;gpdH .

,j;jifa khwhj rpwg;gpidAila 'jiyf;Nfhy; ' gl;lk; ngw;w

mupitaUk;> gpd;ghl;Lg; ghLk; Njhupa kle;ijaUk;> jiyg;ghl;Lg;

ghLk; $j;jpaUk;> ,ilg;ghl;Lg; ghLk; $j;jpaUk; vd;Dk; ehy;NtW

60

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tifapdNuhLk; $b > ahtUk; tpUk;gj;jf;f jd;iknahL

Mapuj;njl;Lf; foQ;R gRk; nghd;id ehs;NjhWk; Kl;Lg;ghbd;wpg;

ngWk; jd;ikapy; tOthj> jhf;fp tUj;Jk; mzq;F NghYk;

NguoFila fzpifaH gyH mq;fpUe;jdH. mtHjk; fz;

tiyg;gl;Lg; ngWjw;fupa jk; mwpT nfl;nlhopa> jtnewpapNy

epd;NwhuhapDk;> kyHNjhWk; nrd;W Njidg; gUFk; tz;L Nghy>

mtHjk; fhkg; Gd;rpupg;Gf;fhf Vq;fpf; fplf;Fk; ,isNahuhapDk;

fhk ,d;gj;ij ,JfhWk; mwpahj GjpNahuhapDk; ehs;NjhWk;

mtUld; $b kaq;fp ,d;Japy; nfhs;tH. gz;fisAk; mtw;wpd;

jpwq;fisAk; gopj;j gpd; nrhy;ypdH vd;DkhW mWgj;J ehd;F

fiyfspYk; ty;y mk; kfspH thOk; ,U ngUk; tpjpfisAk;

Nfhtyd; fz;lhd;.

3.4.4. etuj;jpdf; filtPjp

,Uisj; njspa itj;jhw;Nghy; tpsq;Fk; ePykzp

tiffSk; kQ;rSk; rptg;Gk; fye;jhw; Nghd;w NfhNkjf

tiffSk; xd;Wgl;l gpwg;gpidAk; NtWgl;l Ie;J tif

mofpidAk; ciladthfp xsp tpsq;Fk; ed;ik nghUe;jpa

khzpf;fk;> GUluhfk;> ePyk; > NfhNkjfk;> it^upak; vd;Dk;

kzpfSk;> ,t;ite;jpw;Fk; %yk; gspq;F fhw;W kz; fy; ePH

vd;gtw;why; cz;lhFnkd;W Muha;e;J czHe;j kf;fs;

njhifahy; rpwe;Njhq;fpa> giftH Jd;GWj;jiyawpahj gad;

kpf;f etuj;jpd tPjpiaAk; Nfhtyd; fz;lhd;.

3.4.5. nghd;kpF filtPjp

rhj&gk;> fpspr;rpiw> Mlfk > rhk;g+ejk; vd ehd;F

rhjpahfr; rpwe;Njhq;Fk; ,ay;gpidAila nghd;dpd; Ntw;Wikiag;

gFj;jwpAk; nghd; thzpfH> thq;FNthH' ,J vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ ? "

vd IAWk; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;f ' ,J ,q;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ ? ' vdf;

nfhbfl;b mwptpf;Fk; ed;ik nghUe;jpa nghd; fil tPjpiaAk;

Nfhtyd; fz;lhd;.

3.4.6. Jzpf;fil tPjp

gUj;jp E}yhYk; vyp kapuhYk; gl;L E}yhYk; ,io nrd;w

,lk; njupahjthW kpfTk; EZf;fkhf nea;ag;gl;Lg; gyE}W

mLf;Ffshf mLf;fp itf;fg;gl;l ewpa Glitfs;

neUq;fpapUf;Fk; Jzpf; fil tPjpiaAk; Nfhtyd; fz;lhd; .

61


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

3.4.7. $yk; Ftpj;j $y tPjp epWf;Fk; Jyhf; NfhiyAilatuha;g; giw vd;Dk; msT

fUtpia Ailatuha;> msf;Fk; kuf;fhiyAilatuha;j; juF

nra;NthH vq;Fk; jpupAkhW> fhyk; my;yhf; fhyj;jpYk; ngupa

kpsF Kl;ilfSld; gy $yq;fSk; Ftpj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; $y

tPjpiaAk; Nfhtyd; fz;lhd;.

3.4.8. Nfhtyd; kJiuiaf; fz;L jpUk;Gjy;

gFjp NtWghL njupe;j me;jzH> murH> tzpfH> NtshsH

vd;Dk; ehy;tifapdH thOk; ehy; Ntwhfpa njUf;fspYk;>

Kr;re;jpapYk;> ehw;re;jpapYk; KLf;F topfspYk; FWf;Fj;

njUf;fspYk; thdpd; eLtpNy ntk;ikAld; Njhd;Wk; Qhapw;wpd;

fjpHfs; EioahjthW rpwpa nfhbfSk;> ngupa nfhbfSk;

neUq;fpg; ge;jy; ,l;lJNghy; tpsq;f> mtw;wpd; epoypNy jpupe;J

nrd;W> njd;dtd; jpUefH tsk; fz;L kfpo;e;j Nfhtyd;>

nfhbfisAila kjpw;Gwj;Nj kPz;Lk; te;jhd;.

3.5. milf;fyf; fhij (fhij -15) 3.5.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

kJiuia xUthW Rw;wpg; ghHj;J kPz;L te;j Nfhtyd;>

mk;khefupd; rpwg;gpidAk; ghz;badpd; Nkd;ikapidAk;

fTe;jpabfsplk; $Wk;NghJ> khly kiwNahd; mq;F te;J

NrHe;jhd;. mtd; Nfhtyidf; fz;L tpae;jhd;. GfhH efupy;

Nfhtyd; tho;e;j nfhil tho;f;if> tPu tho;f;if Mfpatw;iw

ehd;kiwahsd; ngupJk; ghuhl;bdhd;. ",e;jg; gpwtpapy; eP

nra;jnjy;yhk; ey;tpidNa! mg;gbapUf;f fz;zfpAld; eP ,q;F

mile;jJ gz;il tpidapd; gad; NghYk;! " vdf; $wpdhd;.

Nfhtyd; jhd; fz;l jPf;fdhitf; $wpj; Jd;gk; tpiutpy; tUk;

vd ciuj;jhd;. mJ Nfl;l khlyDk; fTe;jpabfSk; “,g;GwQ;Nrup

,Uf;if ,y;ywj;jhHf;F cupajd;W@ Jwtwj;jhHf;Nf cupaJ!" vd

nkhope;J NfhtyidAk; fz;zfpiaAk; ghJfhtyhf kJiuf;F

cs;Ns nry;YkhW tpiuTgLj;jpdH. mt;Ntisapy;> khjup vd;Dk;

MaHFy KJkfs; xUj;jp> mq;F te;J fTe;jpabfis

tzq;fpdhs;. gpd; mbfs;> ngUik kpf;f fz;zfpiag;

ghJfhf;FkhW mk;khjupaplk; $wpf; fw;gpd; nry;tpia mtsplk;

xg;gilj;jhH. khjup kfpo;e;J> fz;zfpiaAk; NfhtyidAk;

mioj;Jg; Gwk;Nrupapd; ePq;fpj; jdJ ,y;yj;ij mile;jhs;.

62

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




3.5.2. khlyd; tUif

Mokhd ePiu Ntypahf cila jiyr;nrq;fhdk; vd;Dk;

Cupy; cs;stDk;> ehd;F Ntjq;fisAk; ed;F mwpe;jtDk;>

ed;ikia tpUk;Gk; nfhs;if cilatDkhfpa me;jzH

jiytdhd khlyd; vd;gtd; mq;F te;J NrHe;jhd;. mtd;> kpf;f

jtj;jpidAila mfj;jpa Kdptdpd; nghjpa kiyia tyk;

nfhz;L tzq;fp> Fkupapd; ngupa Jiwapy; Kiwg;gb ePuhb jd;

Rw;wj;jhH ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gp tUgtd;. topeil

tUj;jj;jhy; NeHe;j Jd;gk; xopa> epoy;kpf;f Nrhiyapy;

fTe;jpabfs; ,Ue;j gs;spia mile;jhd;. mq;fpUe;j Nfhtyd;

mtdJ jpUtbfis tzq;fpdhd;.

3.5.3. khlyd; Nfhtyidg; GfOjy;

xy;fhr; nry;tj; JWnghUs; nfhLj;J

ey;topg; gLj;j nry;yhr; nry;t

nrhy;yhw;wy; kpf;f me;j me;jzd; Nfhtyidr; rpy

tpdtpj; jhNd gy ciuf;fYw;whd; " murd; mspj;j (

Mapuj;njl;Lf; foQ;Rnghd; ) rpwg;gpdhy; kpf;f Gfoile;j> khe;jspH

NghYk; NkdpAila khjtp kle;ij> gr;rpsq; Foe;ijia

<d;nwLj;jhs;. J}a;ikapd;ikahfpa ehl;fs; fope;jgpd;> taJ

KjpHe;j fzpif kfspH> ' khjtpapd; Gjy;tpf;F ey;y Gfo;

tha;e;j ngaiu ,LNthk;! ' vdj; jhk; ,d;GWjw;F Vw;w jFjpahd

nrhw;fisf; $w> ePAk; mtw;iwf; Nfl;lha; Nfl;L epd; kdf;

fUj;ijg; Gyg;gLj;jpdha;@ Kd;ndhU ehs;> ,Us; epiwe;j

es;sputpy; miy NkhJk; ngupa flypNy vk; Kd;Ndhd; xUtdpd;

kuf;fyk; cile;jJ! MapDk; Kw;gpwtpapy; Gz;zpa jhdk;

Gupe;jtdhjypd; ( mtDf;F kuzk; Neutpy;iy ) flypy; rpy

ehl;fs; ePe;jpf; nfhz;NlapUe;jhd;. mg;NghJ xU nja;tk; Njhd;wp '

,e;jpud; Vtyhy; ,q;F tho;fpNwd;@ mtd; Vtyhy; epd; JaH

Jilf;f te;Njd;@ ,dp eP mQ;r Ntz;lh@ cdJ rpwe;j jhdg;

gad; cd;idtpl;L ePq;fhJ@ Mjyhy; ,f;fly; Jd;gj;jpd; ePq;fpj;

Jauf; flypdpd;Wk; fiuNaWthahf! " vd;W $wp ke;jpuj;jhy;

fiuia milar; nra;J mtd; JaH ePf;fpaJ! ' me;j vkJ Fy

nja;tkhd> kzpNkfiyapd; ngaiuNa vk; kfSf;F ,LtPuhf! '

vd;W $wpdha;! mt;thNw moF nra;Ak; Nkfiy mzpe;j Mapuk;

fzpifaH $b epd;W Foe;ijf;F' kzpNkfiy 'vdg; ngaupl;L

63


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tho;j;jpdH. mg;nghOJ> kq;fy kle;ijahd khjtpAld; NrHe;J eP

cd; nrq;ifapdhy; nrk;nghd;id kio vdg; nghope;jha;!"

3.5.4. fUiz kwtd; eP

tPL ngWjw;F Vw;w ey;y newpahfpa Qhdj;jpd; vy;iyahf

tpsq;fpa xUtd;> jhdk; ngWk; Nehf;fj;NjhL jsHe;j eilAld;

NfhiyNa fhyhf Cd;wp cd;dplk; tuyhdhd;! $Dila me;j

kiwNahid> ghfHf;Fk; mlq;fhJ vq;Fk; vr;rupf;ifg; giw Koq;f

te;j kjahid rpdj;Jld; Jjpf;ifahy; gw;wpf; nfhs;s> mJ

fz;l eP tpiue;J te;J mk; kiwatid ahidapdpd;Wk;

fhg;ghw;wpdha;! mjDld; mikahJ ahidapd; Jjpf;ifiaj;

jhtpg; gpbj;J> NghH nra;Ak; tise;j nts;spa je;jq;fspNy

mlq;fp> fupa ngupa Fd;wpd;kPJ ,Uf;Fk; tpj;jpahjuidg; Nghy;

mjd; gplupapNy mkHe;J> kpf;f rpdk; ePq;fhj> kjKila me;j

ahidia mlf;fpa fUiz kpFe;j tPud; eP!". fUiz fhuzkhf

ahidiaf; nfhy;ytpy;iy@ kwk; fhuzkhf ahidia

mlf;fpdhd;@ mjdhy; Nfhtyd; fUiz kwtd; vdg;gl;lhd.;

3.5.5. jpUtUs; nry;td; eP

khlyd; njhlHe;J Ngrpdhd;. “ gps;isiaf; fhj;j xU

fPupiaj; jd; kidtp mbj;jjhy; mJ ,we;jJ. mjd; fhuzkhfg;

ngupJk; Jd;Gw;w kiwNahd; mtis ntWj;J xJf;fp tpl;Lf;

fq;if Ml tljpir nry;yYw;whd;. kidtp Vq;fp mtd; gpd;

nry;y> ' cd; ifapy; czT thq;fp thOk; tho;T ,dp

Kiwad;W@ Mjyhy; tlnkhop thrfk; vOjpa ,e;j ey;y Vl;bid

kf;fl; gpwg;gpd; khz;gpid - Fwpf;Nfhis czHthH ifapNy jUf!

" vdr; nrhy;ypg; Nghdhd;! mts; filtPjpfspYk; ,y;ye;NjhWk;

miye;J jpupe;J> ' vdJ nfhiyg; ghtk; njhiyaj; jhdk;

nra;jw;Fg; nghUs; mspj;Jg; Gz;zpak; ngWq;fs;! ' vd;W $wpg;

Gyk;gpdhs;! eP mg; ghHg;gdpia mioj;J > eP cw;w Jd;gk; ahJ?

,/njd;d VL? ' vd;W tpdt> mts; jhd; mile;j kpf;f

Jd;gj;jpidf; $wp> nghUs; nghjpe;j ,e;j Vl;bid thq;fp>

ifg;nghUs; je;J vd; fLe;JaH fisf! vd;whs;. 'mQ;rhNj !

nghWj;jw;fupa cdJ Jaupidg; Nghf;FNtd;! epd; neQ;rW Jauk;

ePf;Ff! ' vd mtSf;F MWjy; nkhope;J> mg;NghNj Ntjk; XJk;

me;jzH tFj;j newpg;gb> nfhiyj; njhopy; Gupe;jhspd; ghtk;

njhiyAkhW jhdk; nra;J mstJ

Jd;gj;jpidj;njhiyj;jha;!fhL nrd;w fztidAk; Njbf;

64

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nfhzHe;J ,UtiuAk; xd;W NrHj;J> jsuhj nry;tk;

cilikapdhy; kpf;f nry;tj;ijAk; mtHfSf;F mspj;J

mtHfis ed;ndwpg;gLj;jpa njhiyahj nry;tk; cilatd; eP! ".

3.5.6. ,y;NyhH nrk;ky; eP

NkYk; khlyd; njhlHe;J Ngrpdhd;: “ nghUSf;fhf

xUtd; gj;jpdp xUj;jp gop va;JkhW mts; fztdplNk nrd;W

gy ngha; $wpdhd;. jtW nra;gtiug; ghrf;fapw;why; gw;wp

miwe;J cz;Zk; G+jk; ngha;f;fup $wpatidg; gw;wpaJ! mt;thW

g+jj;jplk; mfg;gl;ltDila jha; gLk; Jd;gj;jpidf; fz;L

tUe;jpa eP mtisf; fl;ba ghrj;jpDs; tpiue;J nrd;W> '

vd;Dapiug; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ,tDapiuj; je;jUs;tha; ' vd;W

Ntz;bdha; ! Mdhy; me;j ey;y neLk; g+jNkh > ' fPNohDila

capUf;Fg; gjpyhf ey;y capiuf; nfhz;L Nkyhd fjpia

,of;Fk; jd;ik vd;dplk; ,y;iy! Mjyhy; cd; vz;zj;ij

tpLf" vd;W $wpj; jhapd; fz;nzjpupNyNa mtid miwe;J

nfhd;wJ! nrayw;w mj;jhNahL nrd;W mtDila Rw;wj;jhiuAk;

neUq;fpa cwtpdHfisAk; md;ghy; gpzpj;j epdJ Rw;wk; Nghyf;

fUjp> mtHjk; grpg;gpzp Nghf;fp> mtHfisg; gy;yhz;L fhj;j

twpNahH jiytd; eP! "

3.5.7. ,k;ikr; nra;jJ ey;tpid !

,k;ikr; nra;jd ahdwp ey;tpid

ck;ikg; gad;nfhy; xUjdp Aoe;jpj;

NkYk; khlyd; njhlHe;J Ngrpdhd;. " mwpthy; KjpHe;j

NfhghyNd! NfhtyNd! ,k;ikapy; eP nra;jnjy;yhk;

ey;tpidfNs! mtw;iw ehd; ed;F mwpNtd;! MapDk; xg;gw;w

Jd;gj;jhy; eil nkype;J kpf tUe;jp jpUkfisg; Nghd;w ,e;j

khzpf;ff; nfhOe;jhd fz;zfpAld; te;jjw;Ff; fhuzk; gz;il

tpid NghYk; vd;whd;.

3.5.8. khjupaplk; milf;fyk; mspj;jy;

jtj;NjhH mlf;fyk; jhd;rpwp jhapDk;

kpfg;Ng upd;gk; jUkJ Nfsha;

mwj;ijNa tpUk;Gk; neQ;rpduhd Jwtpfs; epiwe;j

kjpy;Gwj;J %J}upy; vOe;jUspa g+g;NghYk; fz;Zila

,af;fpf;Fg; ghy; NrhW gilj;Jj; jpUk;gp te;J nfhz;bUe;j

MaHFy %jhl;bahd khjup> fTe;jpabfisf; fz;L mb njhOJ

tzq;fpdhs;. mtis tho;j;jpa fTe;jpabfs;> gRf;fisg; gpzp

65


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Kjypa tw;wpdpd;Wk; fhg;ghw;wp me;jg; gRf;fs; jUk; gaid

ahtHf;Fk; ey;Fk; MaH tho;f;ifapy; rpwpJk; jPik ,y;iy@ NkYk;

,ts; Fw;wkw;wts;@ Kjpats;@ gz;Gilats;@ mUs; cs;sk;

nfhz;lts;. Mjyhy; ,k;khjupaplk; fz;zfpia milf;fykhfj;

jUtjpy; Fw;wk; xd;Wk; ,y;iy! vd;W vz;zpdhH. gpd; mtis

Nehf;fp> " khjup > Nfl;ghahf! ,g;ngz;zpd; fztDila

je;ijapd; ngaiuf; Nfl;l mstpy; mtd; Fyj;ijr; rhHe;NjhH >

ngww;fupa nghUisg; ngw;wtH Nghyj; jkJ tpUe;jpduhf vjpH

nfhz;L mioj;J> ,f;fupa ngupa fz;fisAila fz;zfpAld;

mts; fztidAk; jkJ fhty; kpf;f ,y;yj;jpy; jq;fr; nra;tH.

mq;qdk; mr;nry;tKilahH ,y;yj;jpd;fz; nry;Yk; tiu

,ilf;Fyg; ngz;zhfpa cd;dplk; ,tis milf;fykhf

mspf;fpd;Nwd;! " vd;whH. NkYk; fTe;jpabfs; khjupia Nehf;fp> “

,e;j mofpa fz;zfpia ed;dPuhl;b nrq;fay; NghYk; ePz;l

fz;fspy; ik vOjp> Njd; nghUe;jpa nkd; $e;jypNy rpy

kyHfisr; #l;b> J}a Glitia cLj;J> Kd;NdhH $wpa

rpwg;gpidAila NjhopAk;> nrtpypAk;> jhAk; ePNaahfpf;

fhg;ghw;Wthahf. ,q;F vd;Dld; te;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j ,sq;nfhb

NghYk; eq;ifjd; tz;zr; rPwbfis Kd;dH epykfSk;

fz;lwpahs; . Qhapw;wpd; nfhba ntk;ikapdhy; Jd;Gw;w jd;

fztd; nghUl;L> fz;lhH eLq;fj;jf;f Jauj;ij mile;J ehTk;

cyUkhW thl;lKw;W> jd; Jauj;jpidr; rpwpJk; czuhj jFjp

kpf;f g+q;nfhb ,ts;! jk; fztHf;F ,dpa Jizahf tpsq;Fk;

kfspHf;F ,d;wpaikahj fw;ghfpa flikia Nkw;nfhz;l

,j;nja;tNk my;yhJ> NtW nghypTila nja;tk; xd;wpid ahk;

fhztpy;iy! " gUt kio jtwhJ@ epytsKk; Fd;whJ@ ngupa

epyg;gug;ig MSk; Nte;jupd; ntw;wpAk; rpijahJ: fw;Gila kfspH

thOk; ehl;by;! ' vd;W rhd;NwhH $Wk; jFjp kpf;f ey;y nkhopia

eP czuhNah?" vd;W fz;zfpapd; ngUikapid czHj;jpdhH.

3.6. nfhiyf;fsf; fhij (fhij -16) 3.6.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

khjup fz;zfpiag; ghuhl;bdhs;> ePuhl;bdhs;@ jd; kfs;

Iiaia mtSf;Fg; gzp Gupar; nra;jhs;@ czT nra;jw;Fupa

nghUs;fis mspj;jhs;. fz;zfp rikj;j czitf; Nfhtyd;

,dpjhf cz;lhd;. me;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;l khjupAk; IiaAk;>"

,td; ek; Fyf; fz;zNd! ,ts; ek; Fy eg;gpd;idNa!" vdf;

66

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




$wpg; ngUkpjk; mile;jdH. Nfhtyd; jd;dhy; fz;zfpf;F NeHe;j

Jd;gk; Fwpj;Jg; ngupJk; tUe;jpdhd;@ md;NghL mtis mioj;J

cs;sk; cUfg; Ngrpdhd;. vd;NdhL Nghe;J <q;F vd; JaH

fise;j nghd;Nd! nfhbNa! ' vdg; Gfo;e;jhd;@ Gyk;gpdhd;! "

rPwbr; rpyk;gpy; xd;iw tpw;W tUNtd;@ kaq;fhjpU " vd;W $wpr;

nrd;wtd;> fil tPjpapy; nghw;nfhy;yidr; re;jpj;jhd;@ rpyk;ig

tpw;gJ Fwpj;J tpdtpdhd;> " ,r; rpyk;G Nfhg;ngUe;Njtpf;Nf

nghUe;jf; $baJ! " vd;w nghw;nfhy;yd;> jdJ jpUl;ilf;

Nfhtyd; kPJ Rkj;j tpiue;J nray;gl;lhd;> jPtpidg; gaidj;

je;jJ! jd; kidtpapd; Cly; jPHf;fr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j

ghz;baidf; fz;L mtd; fhypy; tPo;e;J tzq;fp> "

ghz;bkhNjtpapd; rpyk;igj; jpUba fs;td; mfg;gl;lhd;@ vd;

Fbyfj;jhd;! " vd;W $wpdhd;. fs;tidf; nfhd;W rpyk;gpidf;

nfhzUkhW fhtyHf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhd; Nte;jd;! Nfhtyidf;

fz;l fhtyH “ Misg; ghHj;jhy; jpUld; Nghy; njupatpy;iyNa!

" vd;wdH. nghw;nfhy;yd; gjwpdhd;! mtHfs; kdj;jpy; gjpAkhW

fsT Ehy; gw;wpg; Ngrpdhd;@ fs;tupd; jpwj;ijg; gythW $wpdhd;.

mg;NghJ fhtyUs; fy;yhj %Hf;fd; xUtd; Nfhtyid thshy;

ntl;bdhd;> Nfhtyd; cly; kz;zpy; rha;e;jJ! $lNt Nte;jdpd;

nrq;NfhYk; tPo;e;jJ!

3.6.2. fz;zfp rikj;jy; - NfhtyDf;Fg; gupkhWjy;

fz;zfp> mtHfs; mspj;j gy;NtW tifg;gl;l fha;fis>

tise;j mupths;kizapd; cjtpahy; mupe;jhs;@ mjdhy; mtsJ

nky; tpuy;fs; rpte;jd@ Kfk; tpaHj;jJ@ fz;fs; rpte;jd@

mg;NghJ rikay; miwapy; vOe;j Gifiaf; fz;L nrd;W

itf;Nfhyhy; jPia %l;ba IiaAld; NrHe;J> jdJ fztDf;F

Vw;w czitr; rikj;J Kbj;jhs;. mbfNs mKjk; cz;f!

fz;zfp gidapdJ ntz;ikahd Xiyahy; ifj; njhopypy;

ty;y ngz;zhy; mofhfr; nra;ag;ngw;w jLf;ifapl;lhs;! Nfhtyd;

mjpy; mkHe;jhd;. Gjpa kz; ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s ePiu thHj;Jj;

jdJ jhkiu kyH Nghd;w ifapdhy; NfhtyDila mbfisf;

fOtpj; Jilj;J tzq;fpdhs;@ gpd;dHg; g+kp Njtpapd; kaf;fj;ij

xopg;gtisg; Nghy epyj;jpy; ePH njspj;J nkOfpdhs;. mjd;gpd;

Fiy <dhj thioapd; FUj;ijj; jhd; nkOfpa ,lj;jpd; Nky;

gug;gpdhs; @ mjpy; czit ,l;lhs;@ jd; fztid Nehf;fp>

67


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

“mbfNs> ,g;NghJ czit cz;gPuhf! " vd;W md;Gld;

,ak;gpdhs;.

3.6.3. fz;zfp fw;gpd; jpwk;

mwNthHf; fspj;jYk; me;jz Nuhk;gYk;

JwNthHf; nfjpHjYk; njhy;NyhH rpwg;gpd;

tpUe;njjpH NfhlYk; ,oe;j vd;idEk;

CHfhg; ghsiuf; $tp <q;nfd;

fz;zfp cs;sk; iee;J cUFk; Nfhtyid Nehf;fp> "

IaNd! jhq;fs; vd;idg; gpupe;jjhy; ehd; mwNthHf;F

mspj;jiyAk;> me;jziug; Nghw;WjiyAk;> Jwtpfis vjpHnfhz;L

gzptpil nra;jiyAk;> rhd;NwhH Nghw;Wk; rpwg;Gila tpUe;jpdiu

tuNtw;W cgrupj;jiyAk; ,oe;jpUe;Njd;. mg;NghJ ngupa Gfo;>

murH Nghw;Wk; rpwg;G Mfpatw;iwAila jq;fs; je;ijahH> ck;

jhahUld; te;J vd;idf; fhz> ehd;> jhq;fs; vd; Kd; epy;yhJ

vd;id tpl;Lg; gpupe;jjhy; cz;lhfpa Jd;gj;ij kiwj;J

xOfpNdd;. mjid czHe;J nfhz;l mtHfs; md;G kpFe;J>

mUs; kpf;f nrhw;fshy; vdJ nghWikiag; ghuhl;l> mg;NghJ

ehd; cs;sj;jpy; kiwj;J itj;jpUe;j gpupTj; JauKk; nka;

tUj;jKk; Mfpatw;iw ntspg;gLj;jpf; $WtJ Nghd;wpUe;j vdJ

ngha;g; Gd; rpupg;igf; fz;L mtHfs; kdk; tUe;jpdH. mq;qdk;

ngw;NwhH tUe;JkhW jhq;fs;> Nghw;Wjw; Fupajy;yhj xOf;fj;ij

Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jPH! ehNdh> jq;fs; kdf; fUj;Jf;Fr; rpwpJk;

khw;wkpy;yhj tho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;! Mjyhy;"

kJiuf;Fg; Gwg;gLf> vd;wJk; clNd jq;fSld; Gwg;gl;Nld;! "

vd;whs;.

3.6.4. tpid tpis fhyk; tpistpj;j Nfhyk; !

jho;g+q; Nfhij jd;fhw; rpyk;G

fd;wpa fs;td; ifa jhfpy;

nfhd;wr; rpyk;G nfhzHf <q;nfdf;

"nfhk;gpd;fz; kyUk; Ntg;g khiyia mzpe;j ghz;bad;>

jd; jPtpid Njhd;wpg; gaidj; jUk; fhykhjyhy;> me;jg;

nghw;nfhy;ydpd; nrhy;iyr; rpwpJk; Muha;r;rp nra;ahky;>

CHf;fhtyiu mioj;J> “ jho;e;j kyH khiyAila

murkhNjtpapd; rpyk;G> ,td; $wpa fs;td; ifapy; ,Uf;Fkhdhy;>

( mtidf; nfhy;tjw;F mr;rpyk;Gld; ,q;Ff; nfhz;L tUf vdf;

$w vz;zpatd; mt;thW $whky;) mtidf; nfhd;W me;jr;

68

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




rpyk;ig ,q;Ff; nfhz;L tUf! " vd;W fl;lisapl;lhd; . ehd;

vq;Fk; ghHf;ftpy;iy! MfNt ,f;fs;tupd; nra;if vtuhYk; mwpa

,ayhJ! ,tidf; nfhy;yhky; tpl;lhy; murd; ek;ikj;

jz;bg;ghd;' vdNt > gilf;fyd; cila fhtyHfNs! ehk; ,dpr;

nra;a Ntz;baijr; rpe;jpj;Jr; nrhy;tPuhf! " vdf; fhty;

,isNahd; $wpdhd;.

fy;yhf; fspkf ndhUtd; ifapy;

nts;ths; vwpe;jdd; tpyq;$ lWj;jJ

Gz;Zkpo; FUjp nghope;Jld; gug;g

kz;zf kle;ij thd;WaH $uf;

fhtyd; nrq;Nfhy; tis,a tPo;e;jdd;

Nfhtyd; gz;il Co;tpid cUj;njd;.

mf;fhtyHfSs; fy;tp mwptw;w xU fs;Fbad;

Nfhtyidj; jd; thspdhy; ntl;bdhd;. mJ Nfhtydpd; cliy

,ilNa ntl;baJ. ntl;lg;gl;l Gz;zpypUe;J ntspg;gl;l ,uj;jk;

Fjpj;J vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; gue;jJ. epykfs; kpf;f Jauj;ij

mila ghz;badpd; nrq;Nfhy; tisa > Nfhtydpd; Kd;

tpidahdJ KjpHe;J te;J Cl;Ljyhy; mtd; ntl;Lz;L jiuapy;

tPo;e;jhd;.

3.7. Ma;r;rpaH Fuit (fhij -17) 3.7.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

MaHghbapy; gytifj; jP epkpj;jq;fs; epfo;e;jd ! japH

filar; nrd;w khjup jpLf;fpl;lhs;! ghy; ciwatpy;iy!

ntz;nza; cUftpy;iy. Ml;Lf; Fl;bfs; Js;sp

tpisahltpy;iy! gRf;fs; mOfpd;wd! ,tw;why; VNjh Jd;gk;

tug;NghfpwJ vd tUe;jpdhs; khjup. mts; Kd;dH MaH Nrupapy;

fz;zDk; gyuhkDk; gpd;idAld; Mba Fuitia ,g;NghJ

JaHjPu MLNthk;! " vd Iiaia Nehf;fpf; $wpdhs;. fd;dpaH

vOtH jpUkhypd; rpwg;igg; ghbf; Fuit MbdH.

3.7.2. jPa epkpj;jq;fs;

Flg;ghy; ciwah Ftpapkpy; Vw;wpd;

klf;fzPH NrhUk; tUtnjhd; Wz;L@

cwpeW ntz;nza; cUfh cUFk;

kwpnjwpj; jhlh tUtnjhd; Wz;L@

ehd;Kiy ahak; eLq;FG epd;wpuq;Fk;

khd;kzp tPOk; tUtnjhd; Wz;L@

69


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

1 . "ehk; New;W ciwapl;l jhopfspy; ghy; NjhahjpUf;fpwJ!

jpuz;l jpkpiyAila MNdw;wpd; mofpa fz;fspdpd;Wk; ePH

topfpwJ! Mjyhy; ekf;F tUtnjhU jPq;F cz;L! |

2 . "cwpapNy Kjy;ehs; itj;j kzkpF ntz;nza;

cUf;fpdhYk; cUftpy;iy! Ml;Lf; Fl;bfSk; Js;sp

tpisahlhky; NrhHe;J ,Uf;fpd;wd! Mjyhy; ekf;F tUtnjhU

jPq;F cz;L! |

3 . "ehd;F Kiyf; fhk;Gfisf; nfhz;l gRf;fs; jk; cly;

eLq;fp myWfpd;wd! mg;gRf;fspd; fOj;jpNy fl;ba kzpfSk;

mw;W epyj;jpy; tpOfpd;wd ! Mjyhy; ekf;F tUtnjhU jPq;F

cz;L!" vd;W $wp > ,j;jifa jPa epkpj;jq;fshy; VNjh Jd;gk;

Neug; NghfpwJ vd kdk; kaq;fpdhs; khjup.

3.8. Jd;g khiy (fhij - 18) 3.8.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

Fuit Kbe;jJk; khjup itiff;F ePuhlr; nrd;whs;.

mg;nghOJ> Nfhtyd; nfhy;yg;gl;l nra;jp Cupy; gutpaJ! CHg;

Ngr;irf; Nfl;l xUj;jp te;J> muz;kidapy; rpyk;G jpUba

fs;td; vd;W $wpj; Nfhtyidf; nfhiy nra;jdH" vd;whs;.

mt;tsTjhd;! fz;zfp nghq;fpnaOe;jhs;! rPwpr; rpde;jhs;!

fhz;ghH vy;yhUk; ,uq;f > mOJ Jbj;jhs; ! “ fha;fjpHr;

nry;tNd! fs;tNdh vd; fztd; vdr; #upaid Nehf;fp

tpdtpdhs;! " epd; fztd; fs;td; my;yd; @ fs;td; vd;W $wpa

Ciuj; jPAz;Zk; ! " vdg; gjpy; fpilj;jJ .

3.8.2. Jd;gr;nra;jp

mire;j rhaiyAila MaH KJkfshd khjH g+Tk;

GifAk;> Gidtjw;F mike;j re;jdKk; khiyAk; nfhz;L> ePH

epiwe;J ,ilawhJ nry;Yk; itiaahw;wpd; fiuapy; ,Uf;Fk;

jpUkhy; mbfisg; Nghw;wpj; Jjpf;f tpUk;gp> ePuhlr; nrd;whs;.

mg;NghJ xUj;jp > CupDs;Ns gpwe;j xU nrhy; Nfl;L mjidf;

$w> MaHghbf;F tpiue;J te;jhs;. mq;qdk; $w te;jts; mj;

Jau nkhopapidf; fz;zfpf;Ff; $whJ epd;whs;. mg;NghJ

fz;zfp Iiaia Nehf;fp> Njhop! kJiuf;Fr; nrd;w fhjyd;

,d;Dk; tuf;fhNzd;! mjdhy; neQ;R fyq;fpj; Jd;GWfpwJ!

%r;Rk; nfhy;yd; CJk; JUj;jpAk; Njhy;tpAWkhW moy; vo

capHf;fpd;wJ! Mjyhy; mayhH $wpaJ> ahNjh? “ Njhop! ey;y

gfw;nghOjpNyNa eLq;fr; nra;Ak; Jd;gk; kpFjpahapw;W@

70

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mJTkd;wp> vd; fztidf; fhzhJ cs;sk; ngupJk; tUe;JfpwJ

: ,q;qdk; vdJ cs;sk; tUe;JkhW mayhH $wpaJ ahNjh? "

Njhop! vd; fztd; tuf;fhNzd;! Mjyhy; ,dp vdf;NfhH

milf;fyKk; cz;Nlh? vd; jiytDf;F ahNuh tQ;rfk; nra;J

tpl;lhHfs; vd;Nw vd; neQ;rk; kaq;FfpwJ. Mjyhy; mayhH

$wpaJ ahNjh? " vdf; $wpj; jtpj;jhs; fz;zfp mg;NghJ Iia >

" murd; ciwAk; muz;kidapypUe;j> moF nghUe;jpa

rpyk;gpidr; rpwpJk; rj;jk; ,y;yhky; ftHe;j fs;td; vd;W $wp>

xypf;Fk; tPuf;foy; Gide;j CHf; fhtyH Nfhtyidf; nfhiy

nra;jdH! " vd;whs;. fz;zfp jpq;fs; tPo;e;jJ Nghy; tPo;e;jhs;.

3.8.3. fz;zfp Gyk;gy;

fha;fjpHr; nry;tNd fs;tNdh vd;fztd;

fs;tNdh my;yd; fUq;faw;fz; khjuha;

xs;nsup cz;Zkpt; t+nud;w njhUFuy;.

my;yYw;W Mw;whJ mOk; fz;zfp> " vy;yhUk;

fhZq;fs;! jPik ePq;Fk; nghUl;L> Fuitf; $j;jpDs; te;J jpuz;l

MaHFy kfspH vy;yhUk; NfSq;fs;! fha; fjpHr;nry;tNd! gue;j

miyfisAila fliy Ntypahf cila ,t;Tyfpy;

epfo;tdtw;iwnay;yhk; eP mwptha; ! Mjyhy; ePNa nrhy;! vd;

fztd; fs;tdh? " vdf; Nfl;L cs;sk; iee;jhs; . mg;NghJ> “

fupa fay; NghYk; fz;fisAila khNj! epd; fztd; fs;td;

my;yd;@ mtidf; fs;td; vd;W $wpa ,t;T+iuj; jP gw;wpAz;Zk;!

" vd;W xU Fuy; tpz;zpypUe;J xypj;jJ.

3.9. CH#o; tup (fhij -19) 3.9.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

fjputd; ciuj;jijf; Nfl;l fz;zfp> tPW nfhz;L jdJ

kw;nwhU rpyk;Gld; Gwg;gl;lhs;. kJiuj; njUf;fspy; jd; fz;

vjpupy; te;j kfspiunay;yhk; Nehf;fp muw;wp mOjhs;@ “

fztidf; fhz;Ngd;@ mtd; thapypUe;J xU jPjW ey;Yiu

Nfl;Ngd;!' vdr; #s; ciuj;jhs;> ntl;Lz;l fztidg; gyH

fhl;lf; fz;L JbJbj;jhs;! " nghd;dW eWNkdp GOjpapNy

fplg;gjh! " vd kUz;lhs;! " eP ,q;Nf ,U" vdf; fztd; tha;

jpwe;J nkhopaf; Nfl;Lf; flik czHe;jhs;@ gop Jilf;fg;

ghz;baidf; fhz muz;kidia Nehf;fp tpiue;jhs;.|

3.9.2. fz;zfp tQ;rpdk;

fisahj Jd;gkpf; fhupiff;Ff; fhl;b

71


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tisahj nrq;Nfhy; tise;j jpJntd;nfhy;

kd;dtH kd;dd; kjpf;Fil ths;Nte;jd;

njd;dtd; nfhw;wk; rpije;j jpJntd;nfhy;

<njhd;W Nfs; ! fha;fjpHr; nry;td; ' epd; fztd; fs;td;

my;yd; ' vd;W $wf; Nfl;lJk;> tisaiy mzpe;j fz;zfp

rpwpJ NeuKk; mq;F epy;yhshfp kw;nwhU rpyk;gpidf; ifapy; Ve;jp

MaHghbapdpd;W ePq;fp> efuj;Js; nrd;W Jau kpFjpahy; gythW

Ngrpdhs;. " ePjpaw;w ,t;turdJ Cupy; thOk; gj;jpdpg; ngz;bNu !

,/J xd;W NfSq;fs;@ ,k;khiy Neuj;jpy; ahUk; glhj Jauk;

gl;Nld;@ ahUk; cwhj Jauk; cw;Nwd;@ ,/J xU tpidg; gad;! -

" vd; fztd; fs;td; my;yd; @ vdJ fhw; rpyk;gpd; tpiyiaj;

juhJ mjidf; iff;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;Lf; fs;td; vdg; gop

Rkj;jpf; nfhd;wdNu! ,/J XH mepahak;! jk; fztuhy;

tpUk;gg;gLk; jFjpapidAila khjuhH fz;Kd;Nd vd; mk;G

epiwe;j fztidf; fhz;Ngd;! ,/J xU GJik! fhjw;

fztidg; gz;LNghy; fz;L mtd; thapy; jPjw;w ey;Yiu

Nfl;Ngd;@ ,/J xU #Siu! mt;thW mtd; $Wk; ey;Yiuiaf;

NfNsdhapd;> ' tUe;jj; jf;f nray; nra;jts; ' vd;Wk; > '

fs;td; kidtp ,ts; ' vd;Wk; vd;id ,fOq;fs;! ,/J XH

mtyk;! " tisahj nrq;Nfhy; tise;jJ ,Jntd; nfhy; |

vdj; Jd;Gw;W Mw;whJ mOJ Gyk;Gk; fz;zfpiaf; fz;L Vq;fp >

tskhd kJiu tho; kf;fs; vy;yhUk; nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;jdH. “

ePf;f Kbahj Jd;gj;jpid ,f;fhupiff;Fr; nra;J > vf;fhyj;Jk;

tisahj kd;dtdpd; nrq;Nfhy; tise;jNj! ,jw;F ahJ

fhuzNkh? kd;dtHf;nfy;yhk; kd;dDk; jpq;fisg; Nghd;w

FilapidAk;> thspidAk; cila Nte;jDk; Mfpa njd;dtdpd;

murhl;rp mopTw;wNj! ,jw;F ahJ fhuzNkh? " jd; Ml;rpr;

rpwg;ghy; epyTyfpidf; Fspur; nra;Ak; tPuk; kpf;f NtiyAk;>

rpwe;j jFjpAk; cilatd; njd;dtd; mtdJ jz;ikAila

Fil epoyh ,t;thW nfhLikiar; nra;jJ? ,jw;F ahJ

fhuzNkh? " nrk;nghd;dhyhd rpyk;G xd;wpidf; ifapNy

Ve;jpathW Gjpa ngupa nja;tk; te;Js;sNj! ,jw;F vd;d

fhuzNkh? mofpa nrt;tup gue;j ik g+rpa fz;zpidAila

,ts;> ,t;thW mOJ Vq;fpg; Gyk;Gfpd;whNs! ,f; fhupif

nja;tj;jd;ik nghUe;jpa ngUikAilats; NghYk;! ,dp ,q;F

vd;d NeUNkh! " fz;lhisj; jhd; fhzhd; vd;wpd;dthW gy $wp

72

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tUe;jp Vq;fpj; jk; kd;didg; gop $Wk; kf;fisAilj;jhapw;W

kJiu! mq;F Muthuj;Jld; jpupAk; rpyH nrk;nghd; nfhb Nghd;w

fz;zfpf;Ff; Nfhtyidf; fhl;bdH . MapDk; jd;idf;

fhz;ghis mtd; fhzhd;! mg;NghJ > tsk; epiwe;j ngupa

cyfj;jpw;F ,Uis Cl;b khkiy Nky; jdJ rpte;j fjpHfisr;

RUf;fpf; nfhz;L QhapW kiwe;jhd;> kaf;fj;ijj; jUk; mk;khiy

Neuj;jpy;> g+f;fs; cjpHe;j nfhb Nghd;w fz;zfp> jd; fztd;

cly;Nky; tpOe;J mOJ muw;wyhy; mt;t+nuq;Fk; mtyg;

NgnuhypnaOe;jJ! md;W fhiyapy; jd; fztidj; jOtp

mtsplkpUe;J> tz;Lfs; xypf;Fk; fupa mtdJ jiy khiyia

thq;fpj; jdJ ePz;l $e;jypy; Fbf; nfhz;l mts; > khiyapy;>

mtdJ ntl;Lz;l Gz;zpdpd;Wk; nghq;fpa FUjp clnyq;Fk;

eidf;ff; fz;L gjwpdhs;! mf;fztd; jd;idf; fhzhj '

Jauj;jpidAk; fz;L jpLf;fpl;lhs;! ' ,J jPtpid vd;W

ciuaPNuh? " vdJ kpf;f Jaiuf; fz;Lk;> ' ,ts; ,jw;Fj;

Jd;GWthNs" vd epidg;gPNuh? ekJ nghd; Nghd;w Nkdp

GOjpapNy gbe;J fplf;fj;jf;fNjh? kd;dd; nra;j ,f;nfhiy

vjdhy; epfo;e;jJ vd mwpahj vdf;F> ,f;nfhiyf;Ff; fhuzk;

Kw;gpwg;gpy; ahd; nra;j jPtpidNajhd;! ' vd ciuapNuh ?

vdf;Fj; Jizahf ahUkpy;yhj kaf;fk; jUk; ,k;khiyf;

fhyj;Nj> JaUWfpd;w jdpashd vd; fz; Kd; > khiyfs;

epiwe;j epdJ moF khHG ,g;gb ntWepyj;Nj gbe;J fplf;fj;

jf;fNjh? ghNuhH gopr; nrhy; $wpj; J}w;Wk; tz;zk; ghz;bad;

jtW nra;a NeHe;j ,J. jPtpidapd; gad; vd ciuaPNuh?

fz;zPH NrhHe;J tPo;fpd;w jPtpidAilNad; fz;Kd;> Gz;zpd;W

xOFk; FUjpapidAilatuha; ePH GOjpapNy gbe;J fplf;fj;

jf;fNjh? kf;fnsy;yhk; gop $wpj; J}w;WkhW kd;dtd; jtW

nra;a NeHe;j ,J jPtpidapd; gad; vd ciuaPNuh? cz;L nfhy;

" ,k;kJiu khefupy; kfspUk; cs;shNuh? kfspUk; cs;shNuh?

jhk; nfhz;l fztHf;F cw;w Jd;gj;ijg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;

kfspUk; cs;shNuh? kfspUk; cs;shNuh? " ,k;kJiu khefupy;

rhd;NwhUk; cs;shNuh? rhd;NwhUk; cs;shNuh? gpwH <d;w

Foe;ijiaj; jhq;fp tsHf;Fk; rhd;NwhUk; cs;shNuh? '

rhd;NwhUk; cs;shNuh ? " ,k;kJiu khefupy; nja;tKk;

cs;sNjh nja;tKk; cs;sNjh ? vd; fztidf; $upa thshy;

ntl;bajdhy; mwk; jtwpa ghz;badpd; kJiu khefupy;

73


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nja;tKk; cs;sNjh? nja;tKk; cs;sNjh?" 'jPNte;jd;jidf;

fhz;Ngd; ! vd;W ,t;thwhd nrhw;fisr; nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp

mOjts;> jd; fztDila jpUj;jq;Fk; khHgpidj; jd; khHNghL

nghUe;Jk; tz;zk; jOtpf; nfhz;lhs;. mtd; capH ngw;W vOe;J

epd;W fz;zfpia Nehf;fp> ' KOkjp Nghd;w xspAila epd; Kfk;

,g;gb thb tpl;lNj" vd;W $wp> mts; fz;zpiuf; ifahy;

Jilj;jhd;. fz;zfp Gyk;gp mOJ epyj;jpNy tpOe;J jd;

fhjyDila njhoj;jf;f jpUe;jpa mbfisj; jdJ tisaiy

mzpe;j ,U iffshYk; gw;wpf; nfhz;lhs;> gOjw;w cliy tpl;L

ePq;fp vOe;jtd; > 'vOjpa mofpa kyH Nghd;w ik jPl;ba

fz;fisAilatNs! eP ,q;F ,Ug;ghahf !" vdf; $wpg; gy NjtH

$l;lj;Js; xUtdha;> tpz;ZyF mile;jhd;> | fz;zfp>" ,/J

vd;d khaNkh? kw;W ahNjh? vd;Ds;sj;ij kaf;fpaJ xU

nja;tNkh? ,dp vq;Fr; nrd;W vd; fztidj; NjLNtd;? ,q;Nf

$wpaJ nghUSiuad;W! fztidf; $Ljy; vspjhapDk; vdJ

kpf;f rpdk; jzpe;jhyd;wp mtiuf; $Nld;! me;jr; rpdk; jzpjw;Nf

nfhLik nra;j Nte;jidf fz;L ,f;nfhiyf;Fupa fhuzk; ahJ?

vd ahNd Nfl;Ngd;! " vd;W $wp vOe;jhs;> epd;whs;@ jd;D}upy;

fz;l Jd;gk; kpf;f jPa fdtpid epidj;jhs;. ePz;l fay; NghYk;

fz;fspdpd;Wk; ePH ngUfpaJ !

3.10. tof;Fiu fhij (fhij -20) 3.10.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

ghz;bkhNjtp jhd; fz;l jPa fdit kd;ddplk; nrhy;ypf;

nfhz;bUe;jhs; . mg;nghOJ fLQ;rpdj;Jld; muz;kidia

mile;j fz;zfp> ghz;bad; Kd; Njhd;wpdhs;. jd; fztid

MuhahJ nfhd;w nfhLq; Nfhd;ikia mQ;rhJ vLj;Jiuj;jhs;.

ePjpr; nrUf;F kpf;f ghz;bad;> jhd; nra;jJ jtW vd;gjid

Kjypy; czuhJ Ngrpdhd;. fz;zfp rPwpnaOe;J jdJ

fhw;rpyk;ig Nte;jd; Kd; tPrpnawpe;jhs;. cz;ikAzHe;j

ghz;bad;> “ ahNdh murd; @ ahNd fs;td;> nfLf vd; MAs;"

vd;W $wp cs;sk; jsHe;jhd;. capu; Jwe;jhd.; ghz;bkhNjtp

fztdpd;,izab njhOJ NrhHe;J tPo;e;jhs;.

3.10.2. ghz;bkhNjtpapd; jPf;fdT

fz;zfp muz;kid thapiy neUq;fpaNghJ> ghz;bkhNjtp

jhd; fz;l jPf; fditj; Njhopaplk; $wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;: "

Njhop! ek; Nte;jdJ ntz;nfhw;wf; FilAk; nrq;NfhYk; fPNo

74

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tpof; fdT fz;Nld;! thapypy; ,iltplhJ mirAk; kzpapd;

XiriaAk; ehd; fdtpNy Nfl;Nld;! vl;Lj; jpirfSk; mg;NghJ

mjpHr;rpAw;wd! md;wpAk; Njhop! #upaid ,Us; tpOq;fTk; fdT

fz;Nld;! ,uT Neuj;jpy; thdtpy; Njhd;wf; fz;Nld;! ez;gfypNy

tpz;kPd;fs; vup nfhs;spfshff; fPNo tpof; fdT fz;Nld;.

,tw;wpd; gad; ahNjh Njhop! mwpFwp“ nrq;NfhYk; ntz;nfhw;wf;

FilAk; nrwpe;j epyj;jpNy Kwpe;J tPo;e;jd@ ek; Nte;jdJ nfhw;w

thapypd;fz; fl;ba kzp vd; cs;sk; eLq;FkhW mire;J

xypj;jJ@ ,utpy; thdtpy; Njhd;wpaJ. gfypy; tpz;kPd;fs; vwpe;J

fPNo tPo;e;jd@ vl;Lj; jpf;Fk; mjpHe;jd@ Mjyhy; ekf;F tuf;$ba

Jd;gk; xd;W csJ! vdNt kd;ddplk; nrd;W fditf; $WNthk;!

" vd;W $wp kd;did ehbr; nry;yyhdhs;.

3.10.3. fz;zfp tof;fhLjy;

Njuh kd;dh nrg;Gt JilNad;

vs;sW rpwg;gpd; ,ikatH tpag;gg;

Gs;SW Gd;fz; jPHj;Njhd; md;wpAk;

thapw; filkzp eLeh eLq;f

Mtpd; filkzp cFePH neQ;RRlj; jhd;jd;

mUk;ngww; Gjy;tid Mopapd; kbj;Njhd;

ngUk;ngaHg; Gfhnud; gjpNa mt;t+H

Vrhr; rpwg;gpd; ,irtpsq;F ngUq;Fb

khrhj;J thzpfd; kfid ahfp

tho;jy; Ntz;b Co;tpid Jug;gr;

#o;foy; kd;dh epd;dfHg; GFe;jPq;F

vd;fhw; rpyk;GgfHjy; Ntz;b epd;ghw;

nfhiyf;fsg; gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp

fz;zfp nad;gnjd; ngaNu

rPwpr;rpde;J mq;F te;j fz;zfp> "thapy; fhg;gtNd !

thapy; fhg;gtNd! mwpT KOJk; mw;Wg;Nghd mwepidT mw;w

neQ;rj;Jld; mur ePjpapdpd;Wk; jtwpatdpd; thapy; fhg;gtNd! '

guypidAila ,uz;L rpyk;Gfspy; xd;wpidf; ifapy;

Ve;jpatsha;f; fztid ,oe;j xUj;jp> ek; muz;kid

thapypd;fz; cs;shs;' vd;W Nte;jdplk; nrd;W mwptpg;gha;!

mwptpg;gha;! " vd;whs;. Nfl;l thapNyhd; murdplk; nrd;W> " vkJ

nfhw;if efuj;J Nte;Nj! tho;f! njw;Nf cs;s nghjpa kiyf;Fj;

jiytNd! tho;f! nropaNd! tho;f! ghz;baNd! tho;f! ,Jtiu

75


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

gopr;nrhw;fs; gluhj gQ;rtNd> tho;f! ntl;Lthapdpd;Wk;

gPwpl;nlOk; FUjp ePq;fhj grpa Kz;lkhfpa gplHj;jiyahfpa

gPlj;jpd;fz; VwpapUe;j ,sq;nfhbahfpa ntw;wp jUk; Ntypidj;

jd; ngupa ifapNy Ve;jpa nfhw;witAk; my;ys; @ fd;dpaH

vOtUs; gplhupAk; my;ys;@ ,iwtid eldkhlr; nra;j

gj;jpufhspAk; my;ys;@ fz;lhHf;F mr;rj;ijj; jUk; fhl;ilj; jhd;

tpUk;Gk; ,lkhff; nfhz;l fhspAk; my;ys;@ jhUfdpd; gue;j

khHigg; gpse;j JHf;ifAk; my;ys;@ kpf;f rpdk; nfhz;lts;

NghyTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wds; ! Ntiyg;ghL kpf;f nghw;rpyk;G

xd;wpidf; ifapy; Ve;jpatsha;j; jpfo;fpwhs; ' fztid ,oe;j

mts; ek; thapypd; Kd;Nd epw;fpd;whs;" vd;W mwptpj;jhd;.

ahiuNah eP klf;nfhb? " mj;jifatis' tUf ' vdf; $wp

,q;Nf mioj;J tUf! " vd Mizapl;lhd;> kd;dd;. fz;zfp

murid mZfpr; nrd;wNghJ> mtd;> " ePH ngUFk;

fz;fisAlatNs! vd;Kd; te;J epw;gtNs! ,sq;nfhb

Nghd;wtNs! eP ahH? " vd;W Nfl;lhd;. “ Muha;r;rpapy;yhj kd;dNd

! epd;dplk; nrhy;y Ntz;banjhd;W cz;L! Nfs;! ,fo;jyw;w

rpwg;gpidAila NjtHfSk; tpag;GWkhW> Gwh xd;wpd;

Jauj;jpidg; Nghf;fpa rpgpAk;> fl;ba kzpapd; eLtpYs;s

ehthdJ mira> gRtpd; filf; fz;fspdpd;Wk; xOFk; ePH jdJ

cs;sj;ijr; Rl> jhNd jd; mUk;ngww; Gjy;tidj; NjHr;rf;fuj;jp

ypl;Lf; nfhd;w kDePjp NrhoDk; Mz;l kpf;f GfopidAila GfhH

efuNk ehd; gpwe;j CH| mt;t+upy; gopaw;w rpwg;Gld; $ba Gfo;

vq;Fk; tpsq;Fk; ngUq;Fbf;fz; khrhj;Jthd; vd;Dk; tzpfDf;F

kfdhfj; Njhd;wp > nghUsPl;b tho;f;if elj;jiy tpUk;gp>

Kd;idj; jPtpid nrYj;Jjyhy; tPuf;foyzpe;j kd;dNd! epdJ

kJiu efuj;jpDs; GFe;J> ,q;F vd; fhw;rpyk;gpid tpw;wy;

fhuzkhf epd;dplj;Jf; nfhiyAz;l Nfhtyd; kidtp ehd;@ vd;

ngaH fz;zfp!" vd;whs;. mJ Nfl;l kd;dd;> " ngz; mzq;Nf!

fs;tidf; nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhd;ik md;W! mJNt mur

ePjp! " vd;whd;. fz;zfp> mwnewpapy; nry;yhj nfhw;if Nte;Nj!

vd; fhy; nghw; rpyk;G khzpf;ff; fw;fisg; guy;fshff; nfhz;lJ!

" vd;whs; . ghz;baNdh> “ Njd; NghYk; ,dpa nkhop NgRgtNs!

eP ciuj;jit ePjpia epiyehl;l cjTk; ey;y nrhw;fshFk;! vk;

rpyk;G Kj;Jf;fisg; guy;fshff; nfhz;lJ" vd;W $wpg; gpd;

Vtyiu Nehf;fp 'Kd;dHf; NfhtydplkpUe;J ngw;w mr;rpyk;igf;

76

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nfhzHf! ' vdf;fl;lisapl;L> tutioj;J mjidj;jhNd

fz;zfpaplk;itj;jhd;! clNd fz;zfp> jhd; mzpAk; mofpa

rpyk;ig tPrpnawpe;J cilj;j mstpy;> mjdpd;Wk; vOe;j

khzpf;fg; guy; xd;W ghz;badpd; thaUNf njwpj;Jf; fPNo

tPo;e;jJ. mt;thW njwpj;j khzpf;fg; guy; fz;L jpLf;fpl;l

ghHNte;jd;> jho;Tw;w Filadha;> jsHe;j nrq;Nfhydha;> " nghd;

nra; nfhy;yd; ngha;Aiu Nfl;L ePjp jtwpa ahNdh murd.; murd;

my;yd;: Nfhtyd; rpyk;ig vd;Dilajhf; nfhz;ljhy; ehNd

jpUld;! " vdf; $wp cs;sk; FKwpdhd;@ Jbj;jhd;@ kf;fisf;

fhf;Fk; ghz;b ehl;L Ml;rpf;F vd; fhuzkhfj; jtW NeHe;J

tpl;lNj! ,J> ,dp tUk; ghz;bad; guk;giuf;nfy;yhk; gopahapw;Nw

vdg; gjwpdhd;! - nfLf vd; MAs; " vdf; jdf;Fj; jhNd

jz;lid tpjpj;Jf; nfhz;L kaq;fp tPo;e;J khz;L Nghdhd;!

njd;dtdpd; nja;tf; fw;gpdshfpa Nfhg;ngUe;Njtp cs;sk;

Fiye;jhs;@ cly; eLq;fpdhs;@ jha; je;ijaiu ,oe;jtHf;F

mk;Kiw nrhy;ypg; gpwiuf; fhl;b MWjy; $wKbAk;! Mdhy;

fztid ,oe;NjhHf;F mq;qdk; fhl;lyhfhJ vdf; fUjpj; jd;

fztdpd; ,izabfisj; njhl;L tzq;fp tPo;e;J ,we;jhs;.

3.11. tQ;rpd khiy (fhij – 21) 3.11.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

mur khNjtp capH ePj;jij mwpahj fz;zfp mtis

Nehf;fp> " xg;gw;w fw;Gil kfspH gyH gpwe;j Cupy; ehDk;

gpwe;Njd;> ahDk; xU gj;jpdpahNtd;. murNuhL kJiuiaAk;

mopg;Ngd;" vd;W tQ;rpdk; $wp mt;tplj;ij tpl;L mfd;whs.; gpd;>

ehd;khlf;$lypy; cs;s kfspNu> MltNu> khjtNu> NfSq;fs; !

Fw;wkpy;yhj vd; fztidf; nfhiy nra;j kJiuia ehd;

mopg;gJ Fw;wkhfhJ" vd;W $wp ,lKiyiaf; ifahy; jpUfp

vwpe;jhs;. clNd jPf; flTs; ntspg;gl;L Vty; Nfl;Lg; gzpe;J

epd;wJ! "ey;NyhH gf;fk; rhuhJ jPNahiu mopg;ghahf! " vd

Mizapl;lhs.; mt;thNw jPj;jpwj;jhH gf;fk; NrHe;jJ jP!

3.11.2. fz;zfp kJiu efu; kPJ nfhq;ifia vwpjy;

" ehd;khlf;$ly; vd;Dk; kJiutho; kfspUk;> MltUk;>

NjtUk;> kpf;f jtKilNahUk; NfSq;fs;! | ehd; tpUk;gpg;

Nghw;wpa vd; fztidf; nfhiy nra;j kd;didAk; mtd; Ml;rp

nra;j ,e;efuj;ijAk; rPwpNdd; @ Mjyhy; ehd; Fw;wNkJk;

nra;jpNyd;! " vd;W $wp> tpsq;fpa mzpapidAila fz;zfp>

77


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

kJiu efiu %d;W Kiw tykhf te;J> Njd; epiwe;j

kzKila njUtpy; epd;W> jdJ ,lg;gf;fj;Jf; nfhq;ifia

tyf;ifapdhy; jpUfp vLj;Jr; Row;wp tpl;nlwpe;jhs;!

3.11.3. fz;zfp kJiuia vupj;jy;

ghHg;ghH mwNthH gRg;gj; jpdpg;ngz;bH

%j;NjhH Fotp naDkptiuf; iftpl;Lj;

jPj;jpwj;jhH gf;fNk NrHnfd;W

mt;thW mts; vwpe;jNghJ > jhd; gw;wpa nghUis vupf;Fk;

mf;fpdp Njtd;> ePy epwj;ijAk;> KWf;Fz;l rpte;j ePz;l

riliaAk; ghy;Nghd;w ntz;gw;fisAk; cila ghHg;gd

tbtj;NjhL> jhNd fz;zfp Kd;dH te;J Njhd;wpdhd;! - Njhd;wp >

“rpwe;j gj;jpdpj; nja;tNk! epdf;F kpfTk; jtW ,ioj;j

me;ehspNy> ,e;efupy; gutp vupa+l;l ahNdhH Vtiy Kd;dNu

ngw;Ws;Nsd;! Mjyhy; ,q;F mj;jPapdpd;Wk; gpioj;jw;FupNahH

ahH? ahH ? mwptpg;ghahf ! " vd ,uq;fpf; Nfl;lhd; . “ me;jzH >

mwNthH> gR> gj;jpdpg; ngz;bH> KjpNahH> Foe;ijfs;

MfpNahUila ,Ug;gplq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> jPtpidahsH gFjpfis

kl;LNk vupg;ghahf!" vdr; rpdk; nfhz;l fz;zfp Vtpa

mg;nghONj> ey;y NjiuAila ghz;ba Nte;jdJ kJiu

efuj;ijg; GifAld; $ba jPg;gpok;G gw;wp mopj;jJ!.

3.12. mow;gL fhij (fhij -22) 3.12.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

muR fl;bypy; tPo;e;j murDk; murpAk; ,we;J tpl;ldH

vd;gij mwpahJ> Mrhd; KjyhNdhH Xtpak; Nghy; ciugpd;wp

mirtw;Wf; fple;jdH. giltPuH jPiaf; fz;L mQ;rp muz;kid

thapypy; te;J $bdH. ehy;tif tUzg; G+jq;fshfpa

nja;tq;fSk; efiu tpl;L ePq;fpd. gRf;fSk; fd;WfSk; Nky;

mfg;glhJ mfd;w njUtpy; Xbd. ghidfSk; FjpiufSk;

kjpw;Gwj;Nj nrd;wd> jP mwNthH gf;fk; rhuhJ kwNthH gf;fk;

kz;baJ> ,y;yw newpapdpd;Wk; gpwohj KJ kfspH fztid

,oe;j fz;zfpapd; nray; rpwe;jNj" vdj; jPf;flTis tzq;fpdH

. jPapd; ntk;ikiaj; jhq;fhj kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; fz;zfpapd;

Kd; te;J Njhd;wpaJ.

3.12.2. kJiuapy;; epfo;e;j khw;wk;

fz;zfp vd;Dk; fw;Gj; nja;tj;jpd; Vty; ngw;w jPf;flTspd;

vup Kfk; jpwe;jJ@ efnuq;Fk; jPg;gw;wpaJ> efiuf; fhf;Fk;

78

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nja;tq;fs; Nfhl;il thapiyf; fhthJ xope;jd. nty;Yk;

NghupidAila neLQ;nropad;> jdJ ePjp tise;jjid mwpe;jhd;.

mg;nghONj > tise;j nrq;Nfhiyj; jd; capuhfpa Mjhuj;jpid

<lhff; nfhLj;J mjidg; ngupa epykle;ijf;F czHj;Jk;

nghUl;L> Fw;wkw;w fw;gpidAila jd; ngUe;NjtpAld;

mupaizapNy ,we;jhd;. GNuhfpjd;> ngUq;fzp jiyik

epkpj;jpfd;> mwq;$W mitaj;jhH> tupapyhH> MNyhrid

KbTfis Xiyapy; vOJNthH vd;Dk; ,tHfSld;

muz;kidapy; cs;shUk; tisazpe;j Vty; kfspUk; MfpNahH

RtH Xtpak; Nghy; Ngr;rpd;wp mr;rj;Jld; mirtw;wpUe;jdH.

Fjpiug; ghfH> ahidg; ghfH> tpiue;J NjNuhl;Lk; NjHg;ghfH>

ntw;wp nghUe;jpa this Ve;jpa kwtH MfpNahH kd;ddJ ntw;wp

kpf;f muz;kid thapw;fz; jPapd; ngUf;fj;ij Nehf;fpj; jpifj;J

mq;fpUe;J tpyfpr; nrd;wdH. |Mjpg; g+jkhfpa flTSk;> kJiuia

tpl;L mfd;wJ! | mur g+jkhfpa flTSk; kJiuia tpl;L

mfd;wJ. tzpfg; g+jkhfpa kpfg;ngupa flTSk;> kJiuia tpl;L

mfd;wJ Ntshz; g+jk; kJiuia tpl;L mfd;wJ. ' g+jq;fs;

midj;Jk; ntspNawpd. " ,e;ehl;L kd;dd; nrq;Nfhd;ikapy;

jtwpa ehspNy> ,e; efupidj; jPpahdJ cz;Zk; Kiwahy;

cz;Zk; vd;gjid ahk; mwpAk; KiwahNy mwpe;Njhk;! Mjyhy;

mjw;Nfw;g ahKk; fhtiyf; iftpl;Lg; NghtJ ,ay;Ngad;Nwh? "

vdf; fUjp > jdJ nfhq;ifahy; efuj;ij vupa+l;b ntw;wp

nfhz;l fz;zfpapd; vjpNu ehy;NtWgl;l G+jq;fSk;>

ntt;Ntwplq;fis Nehf;fpr; nrd;W tpl;ld. ney; Kjyhd fyg;

nghUs;fs; tpw;Fk; fil tPjpAk;> nfhbAila NjH XLk; tPjpAk;>

gFjp Ntw;Wik czug;gl;l ehd;F NtW tifahd njUf;fSk;>

typa Fuq;Ff; nfhbAila tpy;yhsdhfpa mHr;Rdd; fhz;lt

tdj;ij vupa+l;ba me;ehspy;> mt;tdj;jpy; tho;e;j capupdq;fs;

fyq;fpdhw; Nghyf; fyq;fp> KOJk; vupe;J rhk;gyhapw;W. neUg;G

mwnewpahsH thOk; ,lq;fspy; nry;yhJ jPNahH thOk;

,lq;fisNa gw;wp vupj;jJ' ahidAk; FjpiuAk; tpiue;Njhbd.

fwitg; gRf;fSk; mtw;wpd; fd;WfSk; nfhSj;Jk; jPapy;

Jd;Gwhky; mwg;gz;Gkpf;f MaHfspd; mfd;w njUf;fis

mile;jd> mQ;rhik kpf;f Mz; ahidfSk; ngz; ahidfSk;

tpiue;J nry;Yk; FjpiufSk; kjpy; muZf;Fg; Gwj;Nj xba

gpioj;jd. khiyapNy epfOk; tpohf;fSk;> Ntj xypAk; > rpte;j

79


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jPapy; Xkk; nra;jYk;> nja;t topghLk; > kfspH kyH J}tp

tpsf;Nfw;wp kfpo;jYk; > khiyf; fspahl;lKk; > Kurpd; Kof;fKk;

Mfpa midj;Jk; md;W epfoh njhope;jd@ vq;Fk; Jauk; glHe;jJ.

3.12.3. fz;zfp Kd; kJuhgjpj; nja;tk;

fhjyw; nfLj;j Nehnah Lsq;fdd;W

CJiyf; FUfpd; capHj;jd SapHj;J

kWfpil kWFq; ftiyapw; ftYk;

,aq;fYk; ,aq;Fk; kaq;fYk; kaq;Fk;

MuQ Uw;w tPugj; jpdpKd;

nfhe;joy; ntk;ikf; $nuup nghwhms;

te;J Njhd;wpds; kJuhgjpnad;.

fz;zfp jd; fztid ,oe;j ngUe;Jd;gj; jPapdhy;

cs;sk; ntJk;gp> nfhy;ydJ ciyf; fsj;Jj; JUj;jpiag; Nghy

nta;jhf neL %r;nrwpe;J neLe; njUf;fspNy Rod;W jpupths;@

FWe; njUf;fspNy ftiyAld; jpifj;J epw;ghs;@ nrd;W nfhz;Nl

,Ug;ghs;@ gpd; kPz;Lk; nrayw;W kaq;fp epw;ghs;! ,t;thW

nghWj;jw;fupa tPugj;jpdpapd; Kd;> jpuz;l moyhfpa ntk;ikkpf;f

jPapidf; fz;L neQ;R nghWf;fhj kJuhgjp vd;Dk; fhty;

nja;tk; te;J Njhd;wpaJ.

3.13. fl;Liu fhij (fhij -23) 3.13.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; fz;zfpia Nehf;fp> " ehd; kJiuapd;

fhty; nja;tk; ! cdf;Fw;w Jd;gk; fz;L ehDk; Jd;Gw;Nwd;!

,e;ehl;il Mz;l ghz;baH midtUNk gjpAld; gluhjtH.

neLQ;nropaDk; mj;jifatNd ! Co;tpid fhuzkhf cdf;F

,j;Jd;gk; NeHe;jJ> epd; fztdpd; gok; gpwg;igf; $WfpNwd; Nfs;

! fypq;f ehl;by; rpq;fGuj;jpy; ,Ue;j tR vd;gtDk;> fgpyGuj;jpy;

,Ue;j Fkud; vd;gtDk; jha; cupik fhuzkhfg; gif

nfhz;bUe;jdH . xUehs; rq;fkd; vd;Dk; tzpfd; thzpgj;jpd;

nghUl;Lr; rpq;fGuj;Jf; filtPjpapy; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jhd; .

mg;NghJ gujd; vd;gtd; mr;rq;fkidg; giftdpd; xw;wd; vd;W

fUjp kd;ddplk; mioj;Jr; nrd;W nfhd;W tpl;lhd; > nfhiy

nra;ag;gl;l rq;fkd; kidtp ePyp jhq;nfhzhj; JaUld; gjpdhd;F

ehl;fs; vq;Fk; jpupe;J xU kiy cr;rpia mile;J> “ vdf;Fj;

Jd;gk; nra;jtH kWgpwg;gpy; ,j;jifa Jd;gj;ij milthuhf! "

vdr; rhgkpl;Lf; fPNo tPo;e;J khz;lhs;! me;jr; rhgNk ,d;W

80

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




NfhtydJ capiuf; ftHe;jJ. eP gjpdhd;fhk; ehspy; epd;

fztid miltha;! " vdf; $wp kiwe;jJ. gpd; JauNk tbthd

fz;zfp nfhw;wit Nfhapypy; nghw;nwhb cilj;J> Nkw;F

Nehf;fpr; nrd;whs;! jpUr;nrq;Fd;wk; vd;Dk; kiykPJ xU Ntq;if

kuj;jbapy; nrayw;W epd;whs;! kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; ciuj;jJ

Nghyg; gjpdhd;fhk; ehd; gfy; nghOJ fope;jJk;> mq;Fj; nja;t

tbTld; te;j fztDld; thd CHjp Vwp thdtH Nghw;w thdfk;

mile;jhs;!

3.13.2. kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; fz;zfpaplk; NgRjy;

rilapy; ,sk;gpiw cila nrd;dpas;@ Ftis kyH

NghYk; ikg+rpa fz;fis Ailats;@ nts;spa xsp nghUe;jpa

Kfj;ij Ailats;@ filtha;g; gy; ntspg;gl;Lj; Njhd;Wfpw

gtsk; Nghd;w rpte;j thiaAilats;@ epynthsp> jpfOk; Kj;Jg;

Nghd;w gw;fisAilats;@ ,lJ ghfk; ,Uz;l ePyepwkhf

,Ug;gpDk; tyJ ghfk; nghd;epwkhfj; jpfOk; tbTilats;@

,lf;ifapy; nghd;dpwj; jhkiu kyiu Ve;jpapUg;gpDk; tyf;ifapy;

xsptpLk; kOg;gilia Ve;jpapUg;gts;@ tyJ fhypy; Ntiyg;ghL

kpf;f tPuf; foiy mzpe;jpUe;jhYk; ,lJ fhypNy xg;gw;w rpyk;G

xypf;Fk; jd;ikAilats;. ,j;jifa Njhw;wKila kJuhgjpj;

nja;tk;> nfhw;if efuj; jiytDk;> Fkupahw;Wj; Jiwf;F

cupikAilatDk;> ,ka kiyiaj; jdJ Ml;rpapd; tl

vy;iyahf cilatDk; nghjpa kiyia cupikahf

cilatDkhfpa ghz;badpd; Fynja;tkhFk;. mJ fz;zfpapd;

gpd;Nd te;J > eq;ifNa> ehd; cd;dplk; nrhy;y xd;W cz;L vd

Ntz;bdhs;.

3.13.3. Nfhtydpd; Kw;gpwg;G tuyhW

ck;ik tpidte; JUj;j fhiyr;

nrk;ikap NyhHf;Fr; nra;jt KjthJ

thnuhyp $e;jy;epd; kzkfd; jd;id

<Nuo; ehsfj; njy;iy ePq;fp

thNdhH jq;fs; tbtpd; my;yij

<NdhH tbtpw; fhz;ly; ,y;nyd

kJiukh nja;tk; khgj; jpdpf;F

tpjpKiw nrhy;yp moy;tPL nfhz;lgpd;

"epiuj;j tisay;fisAilatNs! Nfl;ghahf! eWkzk;

fkOk; nghopy;fs; #o;e;j fypq;fk; vd;Dk; ey;y ehl;by; cs;s>

81


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jPk;Gdy; fodpfs; epiwe;j rpq;fGuj;jpYk;> %q;fpw; fhLfisAila

fgpyGuj;jpYk; ,Ue;J murhs;fpd;w nry;tj;ijAila> xOq;fhfj;

njhLj;j khiyazpe;J Nte;jHfshf tR vd;gtDk; Fkud;

vd;gtDk; tpsq;fpdH. mtHfs; nflhj nry;tk; kpf;f rpwe;j

FbapNy gpwe;j jhaj;juhtH. mjd; fhuzkhf xUtH kPJ xUtH

gif nfhz;bUe;jdH . mt;tpUtH jk; ehl;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l MW

fhtj njhiyTila epyj;jpd;fz; vt;tplj;Jk; xUtiunahUtH

jhf;fp tPo;j;jp ntw;wp ngWk; nghUl;L ,ilawhJ NghH nra;J

te;jdH. vg;NghJk; NghH epfOkplk; Mjyhy; mq;Fg; NghthH

ahUkpyH ! “ MapDk; ngww;fupa nry;tj;ij <l;Lk; tpUg;gj;Jld

rpwe;j mzpfisr; Rke;J xw;wHfisg; Nghy khWNtlk; g+z;L> jd;

fhjypAld; $bf; fgpyGuj;J thzpfdhd rq;fkd;> mopahj

tsj;ij Gila rpq;fGuj;Jf; filtPjpapy; GFe;J> jdJ tpiy

kjpg;gw;w mzpfis tpw;Wg; nghUs; <l;bdhd;. grpa

tisay;fisAilaha;! Kw;gpwtpapy; epd; fztd; ntt;tpa

Mw;wy; kpf;f tR vd;Dk; kd;dDf;F mur tpid nra;gtdhf

,Ue;jhd;. mg;NghJ mtd; ngaH gujd;! mtd;> rq;fkd; nfhy;yh

tpujj;jpdpd;Wk; tpyfpajhy; ntWg;Gf; nfhz;L> ' ,td; gif ehl;L

xw;wd;! ' vd;W $wp mr;rq;fkidg; gw;wpapOj;Jf; nfhz;L Ngha;

ntw;wpNty; kd;dDf;Ff; fhl;bf; nfhd;W tpl;lhd;! "

nfhiyf;fsg;gl;l rq;fkd; kidtp ePyp Xuplj;jpYk; epiy

nfhs;shJ fjwpaOjhs;@ gjwpj; Jbj;jhs;! ' kd;dNd! eP vd;

fztidf; nfhd;wJ ePjpNah? tzpfHfNs> ,J ePjpNah? ghH tho;

khe;jNu! cq;fs; kd;dd; nra;jJ ePjpNah? ' vd;W $wp

kd;wq;fspYk; njUf;fspYk; Kiwapl;Lj; jpupe;jhs;. “ gjpdhd;F

ehl;fs; nrd;wgpd; ' fztid tzq;Fjw;Fupa ehs; ,J ' vd;W

fUjp mtid tho;j;jp > thdj;jpy; VWjw;Fupa Vzpiag; Nghd;w

kpf caHe;j kiy cr;rpapy; Vwp epd;W nfhiy nra;ag; gl;l jd;

fztid miljw;F Maj;jkhdhs;. me;epiyapy;' vkf;F

,q;qdk; kpff; nfhba Jd;gj;jpidr; nra;jtH vt;tifahDk; >

jhKk; ,j;jifa Jd;gj;ij milthuhf! ' vd;W rhgkpl;Lf; fPNo

tpOe;J capH Jwe;jhs;! Fw;wkw;w mts; ,l;l rhgj;jpd; gadhf

,g;gpwtpapy; ePq;fs; ,f; nfhLe;Jd;gKw;wPH!

3.13.4. fz;zfp kJiuia tpl;L ePq;Fjy;

fz;zfp> "vd;Ds;sj;jpy; epiwe;j fztidf; fhzh

Kd;dH mkuTk; khl;Nld;> epw;fTk; nra;Ngd;" vd;W $wpathW

82

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




myke;J nrd;W> nfhw;wit Nfhapypd; Kd;wpypy; jd; mofpa

tisay;fis cilj;njwpe;jhs;> gpd; mj;nja;tj;ij Nehf;fp> "

,e;efupy; > fPo;j;jpir thapyhf tUk;NghJ fztDld; te;Njd;@

,g;NghNjh fztid ,oe;J> efupd; ePq;fp Nkw;wpir thapy;

topahfj; jdpNa nry;fpNwd;" vd;W $wp kJiuia tpl;L

ntspNawpdhs;;. mt;thW kJiuia ePq;fpats;; ,untd;Wk;

gfnyd;Wk; mwpahshfp kaq;fpr; nrayw;W> xypf;Fk; ePH kpFe;j

itiaapd; xU fiuapNy nrd;whs;. Jd;gk; kpFe;J gjwp

,wq;Fjyhy; gs;sk; vd;W ghuhs;@ fztdplk; cs;sj;ij itj;J

VWjyhy; NkLfs; vd;Wk; fUjhs;. topapy; ,j;jifa jd;ikiar;

rpwpJk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ NkYk; NkYk; ele;J nrd;wts;> flypdJ

eLtplj;ijf; fpopj;J> fpuTQ;rk; vd;Dk; kiyapdJ neQ;rj;ijg;

gpse;J mq;Nf mRuiu ntd;W mopj;j xsptpLk; ,iy tbthd

ePz;l Ntypid Ve;jpa KUff; flTs; vOe;jUspAs;s

Fd;wj;jpd;fz; mb itj;J Vwpdhs;.

3.13.5. fz;zfp> fztDld; thDyF nrd;whs;!

g+f;fs; epiwe;j nfhk;GfisAila Ntq;if kuj;jpd; fPNo

epd;W vk; Fyj; nja;tkhd ts;sp Nghy;tPH ! ahuk;kh ePH ? vd

tpdtpa Fwtiu Nehf;fp ahd; xg;gw;w jPtpidAilNad;! " vdf;

$wp Vq;fpapUe;jds;! gjpdhd;F ehs; fle;j gpd;dH jhd;

fztidf; fz;L njhOjw;Fupa ehs; ,J vdf; fUjpf; Nfhtyid

epide;J tho;j;jpdhs; . mg;NghJ ,e;jpud; Rw;wj;jhH NfhtyDld;

thDyfpdpd;Wk; ,wq;fp> mf; fw;Gilahs; epw;Fkplk; te;J thlhj

fw;gf kyHfis kio Nghy; mts; kPJ nghope;J if Ftpj;J

tzq;fpj; Jjpj;jdH. me;epiyapy;> kzk; fkOk; $e;jiyAila

fz;zfp> kJiuapy; nfhy;yg;gl;l jd; fztdhd NfhtyDld;

thd CHjpapy; Vwp tpz;ZyF mile;jhs;.

3.14 njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; kJiuf; fhz;lj;jpy; fz;zfpf;Fk; NfhtyDf;Fk;

epfo;e;jit gw;wp mwpe;Njhk.; NkYk; NfhtyDila khz;Gfs;

,g;gFjpapy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. fz;zfpapd; fw;gpd; jpwk; ,q;Nf

tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.

3.15 Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs;

1. nja;tk; Vwg; ngw;w rhypdp Koq;fpad ahit?

2. Nfhtyd; Nfhrpfkhzp re;jpg;ig fhl;Lf

3. itif MW vt;thW ,Ue;jJ?

83


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

4. kJiuapy; ,Ue;j tPjpfs; ahit?

5. khlyd; $w;W topahf Nfhtydpd; ew;gz;Gfis fhl;Lf?

6. fz;zfpapd; tQ;rpdk; vt;thW ntspg;gl;lJ?

7. fz;zfp tof;F ciuj;j ghq;fpid Gyg;gLj;Jf



nrd;id 108> 1993

2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -kJiuf;fhz;lk; eh.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;


84

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




$$WW ..44 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; -- rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; --ttQQ;;rrppff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;;.. 11 4.1. Fd;wf; Fuit (fhij -24)


kJiu khefupy; fztid ,oe;j fz;zfp> nra;tjwpahJ

Nkw;F Nehf;fpr; Nru ehl;il mile;J> jpUr;nrq;Fd;wj;J Ntq;if

ku epoypy; epd;wNghJ> Fd;wf; FwtHfs; mtisf; fz;L jpifg;Gk;

tpag;Gk; va;jp> “vk; Fy nja;tkhd ts;sp Nghy;tPH> ahuk;kh eP vd

tpdtpdH. kJuhgjpapd; fl;Liuahy; xUthW rPw;wk; jzpe;jpUe;j

fz;zfp> jd; jPtpidahy; kJiu nfl;lJk;> kd;dd; khz;lJk;>

jhd; fztid ,oe;jJkhd epfo;r;rpfisf; $wp tUe;jpdhs;.

mg;NghJ thdtH> NfhtyDld; te;J nja;tf; fw;gpdshd

fz;zfpiag; Nghw;wpf; Jjpj;Jf; fztid mtSf;Ff; fhl;bdH.

gpd; NfhtyDld; fz;zfpia mioj;Jf; nfhz;L thdt+Hjpapy;

Vwp tpz;ZyF mile;jdH. ,e;j tpaj;jF epfo;r;rpiaf; fz;zhy;

fz;l Fd;wf; FwtHfs; Mbg;ghb kfpo;e;jdH. “ GjpanjhU nja;tk;

ek;ik tho;tpf;f te;jJ! mjw;Ff; Nfhapy; vLg;Nghk;! tpohr;

nra;Nthk;! " vdf; nfhz;lhbdH. ,f; Fd;wf; Fuitapy;

mike;Js;s mfj;Jiwg; ghly;fs; vz;zp vz;zp ,d;Gwj;jf;fd.

4.1.2. Fwkfspu; tpdhTk; fz;zfp tpilAk;

kzkJiuNah luRNfLw ty;tpid te;JUj;jfhiy

fztidaq; fpoe;JNghe;j fLtpidNad; ahndd;whs;

jpidg; Gdq;fspy; FUtpfis Xl;bAk;> fpspfis tpul;bAk;>

mUtpapy; ePuhbAk; Ridapy; %o;fpAk; tUfpNwhk; ehq;fs.; mg;gb

tUk; vq;fs; Kd;dH> Fd;wj;J Ntq;ifapd; ey;y epoypy; vq;fs;

Fynja;tkhd ts;spNghy; tpsq;Ffpd;wPH ! vk; cs;sk; eLq;Fk;

tz;zk; ,U Kiyapoe;J epw;fpd;wPH! ePtpHjhd; ahNuh? " vdf;

fz;zfpia Fd;wf; FwkfspH jpifj;Jk; tpae;Jk; eae;Jk;

tpdtpdH. mJNfl;l khngUk; gj;jpdp rpwpJk; rpdk; nfhs;shky;>

'kzk; kpf;f kJiu khefUld; mjd; murDk; mopAkhW gioa

jPtpid te;nja;jpaNghJ vd; fztidAk; mk;kJiuapNyNa

,oe;j jPtpidAilNad; ahd;!" vd;whs;.

4.1.3. fz;zfpj; nja;tk;

fz;zfp mt;thW $wf;Nfl;l FwkfspH mr;rKw;W

tisay; mzpe;j jk; iffisf; Ftpj;J tzq;fpdH. mg;NghJ

NjtHfs; kyHkhup nghope;J fz;zfpiag; Nghw;wpj; Jjpj;jdH. gpd;>

85


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Nfhtyid mf;fw;Gil eq;iff;Ff; fhl;b> mtisAk; fztDld;

mioj;Jf;nfhz;L> mf;FwkfspH fhZk; tz;zk;

tpz;Zyfkile;jdH. mf;fhl;rpiaf; fz;l FwkfspH ngupJk;

tpag;Gw;wdH. ",ts; NghYk; xU ngupa nja;tk; ek; Fyj;Jf;F

NtW ,y;iy!" vdf; $wp midtiuAk; mf;fz;zfpia

topgLkhW Ntz;bdH. “rpWFbaPNu ! rpWFbaPNu' ,f;

fw;Gilahisj; nja;tkhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs; 'nts;is epwk;

tpsq;Ffpd;w mUtpfSilaJ neLNts; Fd;wk;. ,jd; gf;fj;Nj

eWkzk; fkOk; kyHfisAila Ntq;if kuj;J epoypy; ,J

nja;tj;jpw;F xU Nfhapiyf; fl;Lq;fs;. ' thapy; jpirj;

nja;tq;fisf; fhtyhf mikAq;fs;!. nfhz;lfg; giwapid

miwAq;fs.; rpW giwia Kof;Fq;fs;. 'nfhk;Gfis thapy;

itj;J CJq;fs;! kzpia mirj;J xyp vOg;Gq;fs; 'FwpQ;rpg;gh

ghLq;fs;! eWkzg; Gifapid Ve;Jq;fs;! g+thy; mHr;rid

nra;Aq;fs;! ,j; nja;tj;jpd; Gfo;ghbj; JjpAq;fs; ' gy;NtW kyH

nfhz;L J}tp topgLq;fs;! xU Kiy ,oe;j ,e;eq;ifia Nehf;fp>

' ,g;ngupa kiy epyk; XahJ tsk; ngUf mUs;tha; jhNa!' 'vd

midtUk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;Sq;fs;! " vd;wdu;;.

4.2. fhl;rpf; fhij (fhij – 25) 4.2.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; gilfs; #o;e;J tu> jd; Njtp

Ntz;khSld; kiy tsk; fhzr; nrd;W Ngupahw;wq;fiuapy;

jq;fpapUe;;jhd.; Fd;wf;Fwtu;fs; mq;Nf te;J kiygL

nghUs;fisf; fhzpf;ifahff; nfhz;L te;J jk; Nte;jDf;F

mspj;J> jhk; fz;l nja;tk; fhl;rpia> fz;zfp tpkhdj;jpy; Vwpr;

nrd;w mjpraj;ij mtdplk; $wpdH. kd;ddpd; mUfpy; ,Ue;j

jkpo; Mrhd; rhj;jdhH Nfhtyd; nfhiyAz;lJ > fz;zfp;

ghz;baidf; fz;L tof;Fiuj;jJ> ghz;bkhNjtp capH tpl;lJ

Nghd;w nra;jpfis tpupthf vLj;Jiuj;jhH. mJ Nfl;l

nrq;Fl;Ltd; > capH nfhLj;Jg; gop Jilj;Jg; Gfo; gilj;j

ghz;badpd; gz;gpidg; ghuhl;bdhd;@ ehlhs;tJ vj;jifa Jd;gk;

jUtJ vdr; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhd;. mUfpy; ,Ue;j NrukhNjtp>

"gj;jpdpj; nja;tj;ij tzq;fp topgly; Ntz;Lk;" vd;whs;. nghjpa

kiyapy; fy;nfhz;L fhtpupapy; ePHg;gLj;jiytpl ,ka kiyapy;

fy; nfhz;L> vd;ifapy; ePHg;gLj;jNy tPuf; Fbapy; gpwe;j jdf;F

Vw;wjhFk; vdr; nrq;Fl;Ltd; KbT nra;jhd;. “gj;jpdpf;Ff; fy;

86

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nfhs;s ,kakiyf;F vk; Nte;jd; Gwg;gLfpwhd;! tljpirapy;

cs;s kd;dnuy;yhk; jpiwAld; te;J tzq;Ff! tzq;fPuhapd;

,y;yk; ePj;Jj; JwT G+z;L fhl;Lf;Fr; nry;f" vd tQ;rp efupy;

giw miwag;gl;lJ.

4.2.3. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; kiy tsk; fhzy;

fliyNa NtypahfTila flk;g kuj;ij ntl;b NjtHfSk;

kUSk;gb tpy; nfhbiag; nghwpj;j NruH Fbapy; Njhd;wpa> tPu

thspidAila nrq;Fl;Ltd;> nts;sp khlj;jpNy jd; Njtpahd

Ntz;khSlDk; ,sq;NfhTlDk; mkHe;jpUe;jhd;. mg;NghJ>

,ilawhJ xypf;Fk; Kotpidg; Nghd;W mUtpfs; xypf;fpd;wJk;>

Nkfq;fs; ftpe;j Nrhiyfisg; ngw;wJkhd kiyapidr; nrd;W

fhz;Nghk;' vdf;$wp grpa tisaiy mzpe;j Ma kfspUk;>

ehy;tifr; NridAk; xUNruj; jpus> tQ;rp efupy; Kd;thapiyf;

fle;J kiy tsk; fhzr; nry;yyhdhd;. tsKs;s kyHfisf;

nfhz;l nghopypd;fz; Njt kfspUlNd tpisahLjiy tpUk;gpa

Mw;wy; kpFe;j NtypidAila ,e;jpud;> mofhd g+q;fhtpidAk;>

ePH kpFe;j Mw;Wg; gug;gpidAk;| Mw;wpilf;FiwiaAk;> ,skur;

NrhiyapidAk;> muq;FfisAk;> kz;lgq;fisAk;> xU E}w;W

ehw;gJ Nahrid msthf tpupe;J tpsq;FkhW xUNrug; gut

itj;Jj; jd; ngUkjq; nfhz;l fspw;wpd; NkNywpr; nry;tJ

Nghyr; nrq;Fl;Ltd; kiy tsk; fhzr; nrd;whd;. nrd;W>

Nfhq;fKk;> Ntq;ifAk;> tapuk; gha;e;j ey;y re;jd kuq;fSk;

Mfpatw;wpd; cjpHe;j kyHfspd; gug;gpdhy; jd; Gdiy

kiwj;Jf;nfhz;L jpUkhypd; khHgpNy tpsq;Fk; kuk; Nghd;W ngupa

kiyiaf; FWf;fpl;Lr; nry;Yk; Ngupahw;wpd; fiuf;fz;> MW

Ftpj;j kzy; Nkl;bdplj;Nj mtd;> jd; gupthuq;fSld; jq;fpdhd;.

4.2.4. FwtH fz;zfp gw;wpf; $Wjy;

fhd Ntq;iff; fPNohH fhupif

jhd;Kiy ,oe;J jdpj;Ja nua;jp

thdtH Nghw;w kd;ndhLk; $b

thdtH Nghw;w thdfk; ngw;wds;

FwtHfs; kd;did Nehf;fp> " VO gpwg;gpDk; ehq;fs;

ckf;F mbatuhNthk;. Ek; ntw;wp tho;tjhf' vdg; Nghw;wpf; “

fhl;by; cs;s Ntq;if kuj;jpd;fPo;f; fhupif xUj;jp jdJ xU

Kiy ,oe;J ngUe;JaH va;jpdshf ,Uf;f> mts; NjtHfs;

vy;yhUk; Nghw;WkhW jd; nfhOendhL $b thdfk; nrd;whs;>

87


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mts; ve;ehl;ilr; Nrhe;jtNsh? vtUila kfNsh? epdJ ehl;by;

ele;j ,t;thwhd epfo;r;rpia ,jw;F Kd; vk; epidthy; $l

mwpe;jpNyk; ' vd;W $wpg; gy E}whapuk; Mz;Lfs; tho;f vd;W

tho;j;jpdH.

4.2.5. jz;lkpo; Mrhd; rhj;jdhupd; tpsf;fk;

fhjyd; Jd;gk; fhzhJ fope;j

khjNuh ngUe;jpU TWf thdfj;J

mj;jpwk; epw;fek; mfy;eh lile;jtpg;

gj;jpdpf; flTisg; gury; Ntz;Lnkd

neLNty; kd;ddpd; ngUQ; rpwg;igf; fz;ljdhy;

tpag;igAk;> FwtHfs; nfhz;L te;j kiy tsj;ijf; fz;ljdhy;

ctg;igAk; ngw;w rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhH murid Nehf;fpg;

gpd;tUkhW $wyhdhh;. 'xs;spa njhbazpe;jtshd fz;zfpf;F

epfo;e;jijnay;yhk; jpz;ikAk; jpwikAk; cila murNd' ahd;

nrhy;yf; Nfl;ghahf" Kw gpwg;gpy; nra;j jPtpid> rpyk;igf;

fhuzkhff; nfhz;L mofpa tisaiy mzpe;J fz;zfpapd;

fztDf;F ,wg;gpid tpistpj;jJ | ntw;wpiaj; jUk;

giliaAila ghz;bad; Kd;dH> |fz;zfp vQ;rpa rpyk;NghL

nrd;W tof;fhb mr;rpyk;gpid tPrpnawpe;J cilj;J cz;ikia

czHj;jpdhs;! khngUk; gj;jpdpahfpa mtd; ghz;badpd; Njtp

Kd;G> “mofpa $e;jiy Ailaha;! vd; tQ;rpdj;ij mwpthahf!

kJiuia vupg;Ngd;! " vd;W $wp mt;tplj;ij tpl;L ePq;fp >

kJiuiar; Rl;nlupj;jhs;. mupaizapy; tPw;wpUe;j njd;dH Nfhkhd;

tpsq;Fk; g+q;nfhj;Jf;fshyhd khiyazpe;j fz;zfpf;F NeHe;j

Jaupidf; fhzg; nghwhj tshfp ,q;qdk; kaq;fpdhNdh vd;W

epidj;J mtDila kyHNghd;w jpUtbfis tUba

Nfhg;ngUe;Njtp> fz;zfp $wpa neLnkhopfisf; Nfshjtsha;>

fyf;fKk; nfhs;shjtdha;> fztd; JQ;rpaJ mwpe;J Jauk;

nghwhshfp> murd; capH nrd;wtplj;Nj vd; capH nry;yf;

fltjhf! " vd;W $wpj; jd;DapH nfhz;L kd;dd; capiuj; Njbg;

Nghths; Nghy> murDld; xUNru capH Jwe;jhs;> “ ntw;wp

Nte;jdhd njd;dtdpd; nfhLq;Nfhy; jd;ik ,t;thwhf ,Ue;jJ

vd epidf;Ff; $Wths; Nghyf; fztidapoe;J jdpikashfpa

fz;zfp> jdJ ehl;bw;Fr; nry;yhjtshfp> epd; ehl;blj;Nj te;J

NrHe;jhs; NghYk;!" vd;W ele;jtw;iwnay;yhk; epiwthf $wpa

88

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




rhj;jdhH> NkYk; “ epdJ tyk;gL nfhw;wkhdJ CopNjhWk;

toptopr; rpwg;gjhf" vd kd;did tho;j;jpdhH.

4.2.6. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; fz;zfpia topgl vz;Zjy;

mJ Nfl;l nrq;Fl;Ltdpd; khngUe;Njtp> " ghz;bad;

kidtp Nfhg;ngUe;Njtp jd; fztDld; capH Jwe;J thDyfk;

NrHe;jjdhy; mts; mq;Fg; ngUk; rpwg;gpidg; ngWthshf! ehk;

ek; mfy; ehlile;j ,g;gj;jpdpf; flTshfpa fz;zfpiag; Nghw;wpj;

Jjpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;" vd;whs;. ntw;wpkhiyAk; ntz;FilAk; nfhz;l

nrq;Fl;Ltd; jd; Njtp $wpa fUj;ij tpUg;Gld; Vw;W> Nky; epfo

Ntz;Ltd Fwpj;J murpay; mwpe;j mikr;riu Nehf;fpdd;.

murdJ Fwpg;GzHe;j mtHfs;> " mopahj KiwikiaAila

nghjpa kiyapyhapDk; > ek; tpy;iyj; jd; jiyapNy nfhz;Ls;s

kpfg;ngupa ,kaj;jpyhapDk; fy;ypid vLj;J te;jhy; mJ

flTshFk;. nghjpa kiyapypUe;J nfhzHtijf; fhtpupahw;wpYk;>

,kaj;jpypUe;J nfhzHtijf; fq;ifapYk; ePuhl;bj; J}a;ik

nra;tpj;jy; kpfTk; jFjpAilajhFk;" vd;W gj;jpdpf; flTs;

mikg;gjw;fhd fy; fhy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tifiaf; $wpdH.

4.3. fhy;Nfhl; fhij (fhij – 26) 4.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

Nru Nte;jH Kd;dNu fdfd;> tprad; vd;w ,U Mupa

murHfs; jkpo; kd;dHfis ,fo;e;jdH vd;gjid tlf;Nf ,Ue;J

te;j KdptH %yk; mwpe;jpUe;jhd;. mtHfs; nrUf;if mlf;ff;

fhyk; ghHj;jpUe;jhd;@ “gj;jpdpj; nja;tj;jpd; cUtk;

mikg;gjw;fhd rpiyapid me;jf; fdf> tpraH Kbj;

jiyapNyw;wpf; nfhzHNtd;! " vdr; #Siuj;J tlGyk; nry;yj;

jahuhdhd;. thSk; FilAk; ey;y Neuj;jpy; Gwg;gl;ld. Nrud;

ehy;tifg; gil Gil #o Kjypy; ePyfpup nrd;whd;. gpd;>

mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;L tlehL nrd;W> E}w;WtH fd;dH cjtpahy;

fq;ifiaf; fle;J gif ehl;by; GFe;jhd;@ fdf> tpraUf;F

cjtpahf te;j kd;dHfisnay;yhk; ntd;W thif #bdhd;>

nrq;Fl;Ltd;. mikr;riuAk; NridiaAk; Vt ,kakiyapy;

gj;jpdpj; nja;tj;jpw;Fupa fy;iyj; NjHe;njLj;jhd; .

4.3.2. nrq;Fl;Ltd; tQ;rpdk;

tljpir kUq;fpd; kd;dHj Kbj;jiyf;

flT nsOjNthH fw;nfhz; ly;yJ

twpJ kPSnkd; tha;th shfpy;

89


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nrwpfoy; Gide;j nrUntq; Nfhyj;Jg;

gifauR eLf;fhJ gaq;nfO itg;gpw;

FbeLf; FW}cq; NfhNy dhnfd

ngUikAld; tpsq;Fk; ntz; nfhw;wf; FiliaAila

Nrud; Mw;wy; kpf;f Nridj; jiytHfSf;nfy;yhk; $Wthdhdhd;:

,kakiyapdpd;Wk; ,q;F te;j KdptHfs; ,g;nghOJ mwptpj;j>

nghUe;jhj tho;f;ifapDila tlGy Nte;jHfspd; gopr;nrhy;

vk;kplj;Jf; fplg;gjhapd; mJ Nrho> ghz;baH vk;ik ,fo;tjw;F

,lkhfp tpLk; . Mjypd;> tlehl;by; cs;s mt;turHfspd;

Kbj;jiy kPJ> gj;jpdpf; flTSf;F cUtk; vOJjw;Fupa fy;iy

Vw;wpf;nfhz;L tUNtd;. mt;thwpd;wp vdJ ntw;wp ths; twpNj

kPz;L tUkhapd;> neUq;fpa tPuf;foy; mzpe;j nfhba NghHf;

Nfhyj;NjhNl nrd;w giftHfis mr;rj;jhy; eLq;fr; nra;ahky;>

gad; kpFe;j ehl;by; cs;s Fbkf;fis eLq;fr; nra;Ak;

nfhLq;Nfhyd; vdf; Fb gop J}w;Wk; ,opjifik Ailatd;

MNtd;! " vd;whd;

NrudJ #Siuiaf; Nfl;l Mrhd;> murid Nehf;fp> "

mt;thupa murH> Mj;jp khiyia Kbapy; #ba NrhoidAk;>

Ntg;gk; g+khiyia Kbapy; Fba ghz;baidAk; ,fo;e;jdNuad;wp>

,ka kiyia vy;iyahf cila epd;id ,fotpy;iy.

mQ;rpatHf;F mUs; GupAk; NghHj;jpwd; kpf;f mz;zNy! epdJ

tQ;rpd nkhop Nfl;L mQ;Rt jy;yhJ vjpHf;Fk; kd;dUk; csNuh?

vdNt rpdk; jzpf!" vd;whd;.

4.3.3. nrq;Fl;Ltd; tlehL miljy;

gd;dpU jpq;fspYk; Nfhs;fs; epw;Fk; epiyia

Muha;e;jwpe;J> jpjp Kjypa Ie;jpd; fy;tpAk; mikag;ngw;w

epkpj;jpfd; vOe;J > nte;jpwy; Nte;Nj ! tho;f epd; nfhw;wk; '

ngupa ,e;epy cyfpy; thOk; kd;dH vy;yhUk; mofpa nre;jhkiu

kyiunahj;j epdJ rpte;j jpUtbfisg; gzptjw;Fupa

ew;nghOjhFk; ,f;fhyk;' Mjyhy; ,g;nghONj eP Fwpj;j jpir

Nehf;fpg; NghUf;F vOthahf! " vd;whd;. mJ Nfl;l kd;dd;>

gilj; jiytiu tpspj;J ekJ thisAk; FiliaAk; tljpir

Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gLkhW nra;tPuhf! " vdf; fl;lisapl;lhd;.

epiy ngw;w fly; #o;e;j cyif Ms;gtdhfpa

nrq;Fl;Ltd;> ngUik nghUe;jpa ehl;il MSk; murHfs; jdJ

ntw;wpiag; ghuhl;l> jhd; tPw;wpUe;j ePyfpupg; ghb tPl;bdpd;Wk;

90

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W> E}w;Wth; fd;duhy; jug;ngw;w ,lq;fspy; Vwpf;

fq;ifahw;iwf; fle;J mjd; tlfiuia mile;jhd;. mq;F

Ehw;WtH fd;dH Nru Nte;jid vjpHnfhz;L tuNtw;Wr; rpwg;Gr;

nra;jdH. gpd;> mtH ehl;ilAk; fle;J> fliy Ntypahf cila

tl ehl;ilr; nrd;wile;jhd;. mjd;gpwF > gif murH ehl;by;

Eioe;J ghb tPlikj;jpUe;jhd;.

4.3.4. NghHf;fsepiy

jLj;jw;fupa gilfisAila khtPudhd nrq;Fl;Ltd;

Kd;dH cj;jud;> tprpj;jpud;> cUj;jpud;> igutd;> rpj;jpud;> rpq;fd;>

jDj;jpud;> rpNtjd; vd;w tlehl;L murHfs; midtUk; xd;W$b>

' njd;dhl;L murHfspd; Mw;wiy ahk; fhz;Nghk;' vd;W

fdftpraUld; fye;j el;gpduha; epyTyfk; RUq;FkhW ngUk;

gilAld; Nghupl vjpHj;J te;jdH. mJ fz;l NruNte;jd;> ,iu

NjLk; nghUl;L Ntl;ilf;F vOe;j rpq;fkhdJ> vjpNu tUk;

ahidfspd; ngUq; $l;lj;ijf; fz;lJk; kdk; kfpo;e;J mt;

ahidf; $l;lj;jpd;Nky; ghAk; jd;ikNghy> vjpHj;JtUk;

Ntw;gilAila gif kd;dHfSld; NghH Gupaj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

mg;NghJ > Qhapw;Wf; fjpHfis kiwj;j Jfpy; nfhbfshfpa

ge;jupd;fPo; > gjdpl;l Njhyhy; NghHf;fg;gl;l tise;j NghHg;giw>

nts;spa rq;F> ePz;l nfhk;G> ,bNghy; Koq;Fk; NghHKuR> ,Ok;

vd;Dk; xypAila fQ;r jhsk;> Ngupb Nghy; Koq;fp capHfis

eLq;fr; nra;J capHg;gyp nfhs;Sk; tPuKuR Mfpa midj;Jk;

jpirfs; mjpug; Nguhuthu xyp vOg;gpd!. tpy;iyj; Njhspy;

cila kwtH> NghH Nty; Ve;jpa tPuH> fupa fpLfpidAila tPuH >

tpiue;J nry;Yk; Njupidr; nrYj;Jk; tPuH > ntz;ikahd

nfhk;GfisAila ahid kPNjwp tUk; ahid kwtH> tpiue;J

nry;Yk; FjpiukPJ Vwp tUk; Fjpiu tPuH vd;Dk; ,tHfs;

vOg;gpa xyp vq;Fk; epiwe;jJ.

4.3.5. fdf tpraH rpiwg;gLjy;

ehit mlf;fpahSk; jd;ikapd;wp> tstpa jkpo; kd;diu

,fo;e;j> nfhy;Yk; NtNye;jpa ngupa ifiaAila fdfDk;

tpraDk; tpiue;J nry;Yk; NjUld; $ba mtHfSila ez;gH

Ik;gj;jpUtUk; nrq;Fl;Ltd; rpdj;jpw;F Mshfpr; rpiwg;gl;ldH

me;epiyapy; gpwH jg;gpNahl Kad;wdH. rpyH rilAk; fhtpAilAk;

rhk;gy; g+r;Rk; cilatuhfpr; irtj; JwtpaH Nfhyk; g+z;L XbdH.

rpyH kizAk; kapy; gPypAk; cilatuhfpr; rkzj; JwtpaH

91


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Nfhyk; nfhz;L XbdH. rpyH gz;zpirj;Jg; ghLk; ghzH Ntlk;

jhq;fp XbdH. rpyH ,irf; fUtpfisj; Njhspy; ,l;Lf; $j;jH

Ntlj;Jld; xbdH. ,t;thW giftHfs; jhk; NghUf;F te;jNghJ

Ve;jp te;j ths; Kjypa fUtpfs; mope;J xopa> jhk; fw;w

tpj;ijfSf;F Vw;gf; Nfhyk; nfhz;L tpUk;gpa ,lq;fSf;F XbdH.

fOj;jpy; fapw;iwf; fl;ba ahidfisAila gif murHfs;

mr;rj;jhy; eLq;Fk;gb kUg;gpidAila fspWfisNa vUikf;

flhf;fshfg; gl;bthisj; jhw;Wf;Nfhshff; nfhz;l gif

tPuHfshfpa itf;Nfhiyf; fsj;jpNy flhtpl;l thNsH cotdhd

nrq;Fl;Ltdpd; NghHf;fs ntw;wpia tho;j;jp gpzk; jpd;Dk; ngz;

Nga;fs;> tPu tisazpe;j kwtH jk; ePz;l iffs; mirAkhW

J}f;fp> Kbazpe;j mtHjk; fUe;jiyfs; Kw;glj; Njhd;WkhW

Ve;jpf; nfhz;L> fly; tz;zd; gz;nlhU ehs; fliyf;

fyf;fpaNghJ cz;lhd NghHr; rpwg;igAk;> fliy mfopahf

cila ,yq;ifapy; epfo;e;j Nghupd; Nkd;ikiaAk;>

ghz;ltHf;fhfj; Nj&h;e;J epfo;j;jpa ghujg; Nghupd; ntw;wpiaAk;

ghb> ,k;%d;W NghHf;fsg; ngUik cila Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltdpd;

NjH Kd; epd;W Fuitg; ghl;Lf;fshy; mtid tho;j;jp kPz;Lk;

ntw;wp ngw;W thif #ba mtd; NjH ,aq;Fk; NghJk; mj;Njh;

gpd; epd;W mg;Nga;fs; Fuitf; $j;jhLk; ,lkhfg; NghHf;fsk;

tpsq;fpaJ .

4.3.6. fz;zfp rpiyf;Ff; fy; nfhz;lhd;

tPu kd;dHfspd; Kbazpe;j jiyahfpa mLg;gpNy>

ahidapd; jiyahfpa jhopapNy njhbazpe;j Njhshfpa

JLg;gpdhy; Johtpr; rikj;j Cdhfpa Nrhw;iw> tPuk; nghUe;jpa

Nga; kilad; gjk; mwpe;J Nga;fSf;F Cl;l mr;rpwg;ghd

cztpidg; Nga;fs; kfpo;e;J cz;ld. cz;L> nrq;Nfhy; gpwohj

ntw;wpahy; kwf;fskhfpa NghHf; fsj;ijAk; vkf;F cztspj;J

mwf;fskhf Mf;fpatd; CopNjhWk; tho;f! " vd tho;j;jpd.

,t;thW tl ehl;by; jdJ kwf;fs Nts;tpiar; nra;J Kbj;jhd;

thNse;jpa nrq;Fl;Ltd;. ' tljpirf;fz; ,ka kiyr;rhuypy;

kiwapidg; ghJfhf;Fk; me;jzupd; Xk Fz;lj;J Kj;jp mtpahJ

NgZk; ngupa mUs; tho;f;ifiaf; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L

fhg;gPuhf ! vd;W fhw;Wg;Nghy; tpiue;J nry;Yk; J}jiu mioj;J

mtHfs; %yk; gilapdHf;F mwptpj;jhd; . gpd;dH Nrud;> tpy;ytd;

Nfhij vd;Dk; mikr;rDld;> ntw;wpAld; Nghiu Kbj;j

92

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




NtNye;jpa tPuH gyiu Vtp nghd;dpwkhf kpd;Dk; cr;rpiaAila

,kakiyapd;fz;> xg;gw;w gj;jpdpahd fz;zfp flTSf;Fj;

jpUTU mikf;f Ntz;ba fy;iyg; ngaHj;J vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.

4.4. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; kJiuapy; fztid ,oe;j fz;zfp Nruehl;il

mile;jij mwpe;Njhk.; fz;zfpapd; tuyhw;iwr; rhj;jdhH $wf;

Nfl;l Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; fz;zfpf;F Nfhapy;

mikf;f vz;zpaij mwpe;Njhk;.

4.5. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. nrq;Fl;Ltd; $wpa tQ;rpdk; ahJ?

2. nrq;Fl;Ltdpd; NghHf; jpwj;jpidf; fhl;Lf.

3. Nfhtyd; kiwtpw;Fg;gpd; g+k;Gfhupy; cs;NshH epiyahJ?

4. khlyd; $wpa mwpTiufs; ahit

4.6. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - Gypa+Hf;Nfrpfd; (njspTiu) ghup epiyak;>

nrd;id 108> 1993

2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; eh.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;


93


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$$WW ..55 ,,ssqq;;NNffhhttbbffss;; --rrppyygg;;ggjjppffhhuukk;; --ttQQ;;rrppff;;ffhhzz;;llkk;; -- 22 5.1. ePHg;gilf; fhij (fhij – 27) 5.1.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

,kakiyapypUe;J vLj;j gj;jpdpf; flTSf;fhd fy;iyf;

fdf tpraH jk; Kbj;jiy Vw;wpr; nrd;W fq;ifapy; ePHg;gil

nra;jhd; nrq;Fl;Ltd; . gpd;> Mupa murH mikj;j ghb tPl;by;

tPw;wpUe;jhd;. Nghupy; tPuk; fhl;b tpz;Zyfile;j tPuH jk;

cwtpdHf;Fj; jf;f guprspj;Jr; rpwg;Gr;nra;jhd;. mg;NghJ >

fq;ifahb te;j khlykiwNahd; %yk; Nfhtyd; kJiuapy;

nfhiyAz;l epfo;r;rpiaAk; > mtdJ nfhiyr; nra;jp Nfl;Lg;

GfhH efupy; ,Ue;j mtd; je;ijAk;> fz;zfp je;ijAk; JwT

Nkw;nfhz;lijAk;> ,UtH jhaUk; ,we;jijAk; mwpe;jhd;. NkYk;

ghz;b ehl;Lr; nra;jpfisAk; khlykiwNahdplk; Nfl;lwpe;jhd; .

mk;kiwNahDf;F> mtd; epiwasT nghd;idj; jhdk; nra;jhd;.

gpd; jd;dhy; rpiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fdf> tpraiur; Nrho

ghz;baHf;Ff; fhl;b tUkhW ePyd; Kjyhd fQ;Rf khf;fis

Vtpdhd;> tpid Kbj;j ngUkpjj;Jld; Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd;

ngUe;Njtp kfpo tQ;rp khefH te;J NrHe;jhd;.

5.1.2. gj;jpdpf; fy;iy ePuhl;Ljy;

tPuf;foy; mzpe;j Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd;> tl jpirapNy

gj;jpdpf; flTSf;F cupa fy;iy tiu nra;J nfhz;l gpd;

mjid> nghUe;jpa Ntw;gilapd; typikahy; NghHf;nfOj;J>

Njhw;Nwhbg; gpbgl;l fdf tpraupd; xspkpf;f Kbj; jiyapy;

Vw;wpdhd;! mt;Nte;jd; njd; jpirapNy cs;s jkpo; tPuHfspd;

Mw;wiy mwpahJ Nghupl;l gpw Mupa murHfspd; capHfisAk;>

mtUld; NrHe;J te;j gil tPuHfspd; capHfisAk; nfhiyj;

njhopypy; ty;y $w;WtdJ njhopy; kpFkhW capHf;

$l;lj;ijAz;l NghHfs; gjpndl;L Mz;bYk;> jpq;fspYk;> ehspYk;>

ehopifapYk; Kbe;jd. gpd;dH nrq;Fl;Ltd; rpdk; kpf;f NtNye;jpa

gilAld; fq;ifg; Nguhw;wpd; fiuia mile;J ahtUk; tzq;Fk;

gj;jpdpf; flTSf;Fupa fy;iy ePHg;gil E}y;fspy; ty;ytiuf;

nfhz;L Kiwg;gb ePuhl;bdhd; .

5.1.3. khlyd; tUif – kd;dDld; ciuahly;

nfhiyf;fsg; gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp

FltH NfhNt epd;dhL GFe;J

94

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tljpir kd;dH kzpKb Nawpds;

Nru kd;dd; tPw;wpUe;jNghJ khlykiwNahd; te;J Njhd;wp>

" vk; kd;dH ngUkhNd ' tho;thahf! fly; #o;e;j epy cyif

ntd;W mbg;gLj;jp Ml;rp Gupe;j murNd> ePL tho;thahf! " vd

tho;j;jpdhd;. nrq;Fl;Ltd;> "ehd;F kiwfisAk; fw;Wj; NjHe;j

me;jzNd! gif ehl;lurH gyUk; mwpe;jpuhj ifj;jpwk; xd;wpid

,q;F eP $wpdha;! eP $wpa nrhy;ypd; nghUs;jhd; ahNjh?” vd

tpdtpdhd.; khly kiwNahDk; kd;dHf;F mjid tpsf;fpdhd;.

NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk; kJiuf;F te;jgpd; ele;j epfo;r;rpfis

kl;LNk Nrud; mwpthd; . GfhH efur; nra;jpfis mtd; mwpahd;>

,g;NghJ khlyd; mtw;iwf; $Wfpwhd; . rpyg;gjpfhuf; fij

epfo;r;rpfisf; $Wtjw;nfd;Nw gilf;fg;gl;l xg;gw;w ghj;jpuk;

khly kiwNahd;! flw;fiur; Nrhiyahfpa FspHe;j mofpa

fly; Jiwapy; fly; tpisahl;by; khjtp ghba tupg;ghly;

fhuzkhf Neh;e;j Clyhy; Kd;id tpid gadspf;fj;

njhlq;fpaJ. mjdhy; Nfhtyd; khjtpAld; $lhJ mtis tpl;Lg;

gpupe;jhd; . jd; Fyf; nfhbahd fz;zfpAld;. khl

khspiffisAila gioa efukhfpa kJiuia mile;jhd; .

me;efupy; Ntg;g khiy #ba ghz;ba kd;dd;> mofpa

thDyfj;ij mile;jhd; . Nruehl;L Nte;Nj ! nfhiyf;fsg;gl;l

Nfhtyd; kidtp fz;zfp > epd; ehl;bDs; te;J GFe;J thDyF

mile;jjd;wpAk; tljpirAs;s Mupa kd;dH kzpKb kPJk;

Vwpdhs; . ,JNt ehd; $wpajd; nghUs;!

5.1.4. khjup capH tply;

ntw;wp NtyJ ifiaAila kd;dH kd;d> ' ahd; ,q;F

te;jjd; fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;lUs;thahf ! mfj;jpa Kdptd;

ciwAk; nghjpa kiyia tyk; te;J > Fkupg; ngUe;Jiwapy;

ePuhb vdJ CUf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;Njd;! vdJ

Co;tpidg; gad; NghYk;! Gfo; kpf;f rpwg;gpidAila ntw;wp

tha;e;j thNse;jpa ghz;badpd; jiy efuhfpa kJiuia

mile;Njd;. ntw;wpkpf;f gilAila ghz;ba Nte;jid xg;gw;w

rpyk;gpdhy; fz;zfp ntd;whs; vd;w nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lJk;

kd;wj;Nj khjup Njhd;wp> Nfhtyd; jPjpyd; 'ek; Nte;jNd

nrq;Nfhd;ik jtwpdhd; 'ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba milf;fyg; nghUis

ahd; ,oe;J tpl;Nld;. murdpd; ntz;nfhw;wf; FilAk; nrq;NfhYk;

95


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

,t;thW jtW nra;J tpl;ldNth? " vdf; fjwp mOjthW ,Us;

nrwpe;j es;sputpy; vupKl;b mjpy; tPo;e;J khz;L Nghdhs;!".

5.1.5. fTe;jp capH Jwj;jy;

jtr; rpwg;Gila fTe;jpabfspd; rPw;wj;ij kpf caHe;j

nrq;NfhypidAila ngUepy Nte;jdhd ghz;badJ gpupe;j capH

xUthW jzpj;jJ. mg;nghWik kpf;f fTe;jpabfs; > ' ,tHfs;

jPtpid vd;Dld; ,tHfisf; nfhzHe;J gadspj;jNjh ? vd;

vz;zp cz;zh Nehd;G Nkw;nfhz;L capH Jwe;jhH !

5.1.6. Nfhtyd; ngw;NwhH epiy

nghd;dhyhd NjiuAila ghz;badpd; kJiu jPg;gw;wp

vupe;j nra;jp midj;ijAk; xd;Wtplhky; mwpe;J > ,tw;why;

NeHe;j vd; Jauj;ijnay;yhk; xUthW nghWj;Jf;nfhz;L vdJ

CUf;F kPz;Lk; nry;yj; njhlq;fpNdd;. mg;gbr; nry;Yk;NghJ

Nrhodpd; gok;gjpahd Gfhiu mile;J Nfhtyd; fz;zfp

MfpNahupd; ngw;NwhHf;F ehd; mwpe;j kJiur; nra;jpiaj;

njuptpj;Njd;. Nfhtyd; je;ijahd khrhj;Jthd; jd; ike;jDf;F

NeHe;j gopAk;> kuzKk;> mjdhy; fz;zfp milj;j Jd;gKk;>

nrq;Nfhy; Nte;jDf;F cz;lhd NfLk; Nfl;Lf; nfhLe;JaH

mile;jhd; jdJ rpwe;j nry;tk; midj;ijAk; khngUk; jhdkhf

mspj;Jtpl;L ,y;yj;jpd; ePq;fpdhd; @ me;efupy; ,e;jpudhy;

mikf;fg;gl;l VO muq;FfisAila jtg;gs;sp nrd;whd;. mq;F

,e;jg; gpwg;Ng ,Wjpg; gpwg;ghFkhW Kaw;rp nra;Ak; me;jurhupfs;

Ke;E}w;WtH Kd;dpiyapy; jPl;ir VWj; JwT g+z;lhd;. mt;thW

Jwe;J nrd;w khrhj;Jthdpd; kidtp> kfDf;F NeHe;j Jaiug;

nghWf;fyhw;whJ ngUe;Jd;gk; mile;J Vq;fpj; jtpj;J> ,we;jhs;!.

5.1.7. fz;zfp ngw;NwhH epiy

fz;zfpapd; je;ijahd kheha;fd; KdptH Nfhyj;Jld;>

jiy rpwe;j jtj;Jld; $ba MrPtfH Kd;dH> Gz;zpaj;jpw;Fupa

jhdk; nra;J mtH jk; Jwtw newpia Nkw; nfhz;lhu;! jhdk;

Gupe;J jtnewpia Nkw;nfhz;l mk; kheha;fspd; kidtpahd

fz;zfpapd; jha; tho;ehisr; rpwpJ rpwpjhf tpLk; jdJ

ey;Yapupid mg;NghNj ePj;jhs;!

5.1.8. khjtp JwT

NfhtyDf;Fk; fz;zfpf;Fk; NeHe;j Jauj;ijf; Nfl;l

khjtp kdk; cile;jhs;! jd; jhahd rpj;jpuhgjpia Nehf;fp 'ehd;

,dp ed;ndwpahfpa Jwtwj;jpy; nry;yj; Jzpe;Njd;!

96

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




kzpNkfiyia khngUe;Jd;gk; jUfpd;w nghy;yhj fzpifaH

Nfhyj;jpdshfr; nra;ahnjhopf! ' vd;W $wp> jhd; mzpe;jpUe;j

jiykhiyiaf; $e;jYld; xUNruf; fisj;njwpe;J tpl;Lg;

Gz;zpak; jUk; jhdk; Gupe;J Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;lhs;.

5.1.9. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; tQ;rpailjy;

mKj nkhop NgRk; kfspH ,dpa nea;jy; gz;izg;

ghbdH . me;j nea;jy; Kjyhd gy;jpizg; ghly;fisAk; >

gpupthw;whikahy; cwq;fhjpUf;Fk; NrukhNjtp Nfl;L

kfpo;e;jpUe;jhs.; ,t;thW ehdpyg; ghly;fisAk; Nfl;L kfpo;r;rpahy;

g+upg;gile;j Nfhg;ngUe;Njtpapd; if tisay;fs; nrwpe;jd.

tyk;Gupr; rq;Ffs; ntw;wpiag; Gyg;gLj;jp Koq;fpd! khiy

mzpe;j ntz; nfhw;wf;Filapd; fPo;> thif #ba

KbiaAiladtha; tpiue;J tUk; gl;lj;J ahidapd; gplupapd;

kPJ mkHe;J nghypTld; jpfOk; Nru Nte;jd;> ahidf; $l;lj;Jld;

jiy efuNk jpuz;L tuNtw;f> tQ;rp efuj;Js; GFe;jhd.;

5.2. eLfw; fhij (fhij – 28) 5.2.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

tQ;rpf;Fj; jpUk;gpa nrq;Fl;Ltd; jd; NjtpAld; muz;kid

epyh Kw;wj;ijr; rhHe;jhd;@ $j;jr; rhf;ifad; epfo;j;jpa

$j;jpidf; fz;L fspj;jhd;. gpd; mupaizapy; tPw;wpUe;jhd;.

mg;nghOJ ePyd; KjyhNdhH te;J Nte;jidj; njhOjdH . ePyd;>

" Mupa murHfisr; NrhoehL nfhz;L nrd;wNghJ Nrhod;>' Kdp

Ntle;jhq;fpg; NghHf;fsj;jpdpd;Wk; jg;gpg; gpioj;J Xba

kd;dHfis ntd;wJ xU ntw;wpahFkh? ' vd;W tpdtpdhd; vd;Wk;>

gpd;dH> ghz;ba ehL nrd;wNghJ ghz;bad;> ' jt Ntlk;

jhq;fpatH kPJ nfhz;l rpdk;> xU rpdkh? vd vs;sp

eifahbdhd; vd;Wk; $wpdhd;. mJ Nfl;l Nru Nte;jdpd; fz;fs;

rpdj;jhy; rpte;jd. mUfpy; ,Ue;j khlyd; vOe;J> “murH VNw!

mlq;Ff epd; rpdk;! ,sik> ahf;if > nry;tk; Mfpait

epiyahdit my;y! epd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,Jtiu eP Mw;wpa

kwf;fs Nfs;tpiaf; iftpLf! ,dp mwf;fs Nfs;tp nra;f! " vd

mwpTiu $wpdhd;. kd;dd; kdk; khwpdhd;. Mupa muriu me;jr;

rpiwapdpd;Wk; tpLjiy nra;jhd;. " Fbkf;fsplkpUe;J tup thq;f

Ntz;lhk; " vd fl;lisapl;lhd.; fz;zfpf;Ff;; Nfhapy; fl;bdhd;.

mjpy; rpiyiag; gpujp\;il nra;jhd;. gy ehl;L kd;dHfSk;

97


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mg;gj;jpdpf; flTisj; njhOJ tzq;fpdH. gj;jpdp topghL ntsp

ehl;bYk; gutpaJ.

5.2.2. nrq;Fl;Ltd; jd; Njtpiar; re;jpj;jy;

xyp fly; #o;e;j gad; nghUj;jpa ,g;ngupa cyfj;jpd;

eLtpNy epd;W caHe;j ePz;l cr;rpiaAila NkUkiy Nghy>

nfhb fl;ba kjpy; #o;e;j gok;gjpahd tQ;rp khefupd; ,ilNa

epd;W ghHj;j nghd; khspifapy; kzpfshy; moF nra;ag; ngw;w

epyh Kw;wj;jpypUe;J jpq;fspd; moiff; fhz nrq;Fl;Ltspd;

gl;lj;jurpahd Ntz;khs; vd;Wk; kq;fyj;jd;ik nghUe;jpa

Nfhg;ngUe;Njtp mq;F te;jhs;. mts; tUk;NghJ> xsp tPRk;

tisay; mzpe;j kfspH mj;Njtpf;Fg; gy;yhz;L tho;j;Jf; $wp

Ve;jpa tpsf;Ffs; xU gf;fk; tpsq;fpd@ tise;j jz;bidAila

ahNohirAk; > ,ir ,d;gk; kpFe;j ghly;fSk; xU gf;fk;

kpFe;jd fj;Jhupf; Fok;Gk; njha;apy; vOJjw;Fupa nts;spa

re;jdKk; Mfpa ,tw;iwf; $dUk; Fs;sUk; xU gf;fk; Ve;jp

epd;wdH. tz;zq;fisAk; > Rz;zq;fisAk;> kyH khiyfisAk;

ngz; jd;ik kpf;f NgbaH xU gf;fk; Rke;J epd;wdH@ G+Tk;>

eWkzg;GifAk;> tpUk;Gk; kzg; nghUSk; md;dj; Jhtpahy;

mike;j gLf;ifia xU gf;fk; #o;e;jpUe;jd> fz;zhbAk;>

MilAk;> mzpfyDk; Mfpatw;iwf; ifapy; nfhz;L gzp kfspH

xU gf;fk; moFld; epd;wdH. mq;qdk; gyH #o te;j

ngUe;NjtpAld;> mofpa kzpfs; gjpj;j me;j epyh Kw;wj;jpy;>

fly; #o;e;j ,t;Tyif MSk; nrq;Fl;Ltd; jhDk; mkh;e;jhd;.

giwa+upypUe;J te;j $j;jr; rhf;ifad; vd;Dk; fiyQd;

nrq;Fl;Ltd; Kd; Mbdhd;. me;j Ml;lj;ijf; fz;L kfpo;Tw;whd;

Nte;jd.; mr; rhf;ifad; jd;idg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J ePq;fpa gpd;

ngupa epyTyif MSk; Nrud;> murit $Lk; ' mj;jhzp

kz;lgj;ij mile;jhd;.

5.2.3. ePyd; KjyhNdhH tUif

ePyidj; jiytdhff; nfhz;l fQ;Rf khf;fs; jpUk;gp

te;jdH. ehd;kiw ty;y khly kiwNahDk; mtHfSld; te;jhd;.

mtHfs; jk; tUifia thapy; fhg;NghH thapyhf murDf;Fj;

njuptpj;jdH. mDkjp ngw;W muz;kidg; gzpahsUld; cs;Ns

nrd;W Nte;jid tzq;fp tho;j;jpdH. gpd; > ePyd; $wYw;whd;.

Jk;ig #ba nfhLikahd Nghupy; ty;y> tPuf;foy; Gide;j muNr

! Kjypy; jhq;fs; NrhodJ gioa efuj;ij mile;Njhk; .

98

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




NghHf;fsj;jpy; Njhw;Nwhba fdf tpraUlNd murDila

gzpahsH toptplr; nrd;W> mk;kd;ddpd; mofpa jpUtbfis

tzq;fpr; nra;jp mwptpj;Njhk;! mJ Nfl;L> ngupa NghHf;fsj;jpy;

kpf;f tPuj;Jld; jhk; nfhzHe;j thisAk; FiliaAk; Nghl;L

tpl;Lr; rhjYf;F mQ;rpj; jtf;Nfhyk; nfhz;L jg;gp Xbatiuf;

ifg; gw;wp tUjy; ntw;wp md;W! " vd;W jd; NjHg;gilj;

jiytuplk; $wp eifj;jhd;> tpy;iyAk; Mj;jp khiyiaAk;

cila Nrhod;! mwnewp Nghw;Wk; nrq;Nfhy; Nte;Nj ! gpwF

ehq;fs; Nrho ehl;bdpd;Wk; ePq;fp> caHe;j rpwg;G gpidAila

kJiu nrd;W fdf tpraUld; ghz;ba Nte;jidf; fz;Nlhk; .

,g;gbj; jg;gp Xbr; nrd;wtH kPJ nfhL mky; rPw;wk; nfhz;L ek;

kd;dd; ngw;w ntw;wp GJikAilajhFk; ' vd;W $wp mt;

ntw;wpNtw; nropaDk; eifj;jhd; " vd mk;kd;dH ,UtUk;

$wpatw;iw nay;yhk; ePyd; nrhy;yp Kbj;jhd;.

5.2.4. khlyd; mwpTiu

thdtH Nghw;Wk; topepdf; fspf;Fk;

ehd;kiw kUq;fpd; Nts;tpg; ghHg;ghd;

mUkiw kUq;fpd; murHf; Nfhq;fpa

ngUey; Nts;tp ePnray; Ntz;Lk;

ehisr; nra;Ftk; mwnkdpy; ,d;Nw

Nfs;tp ey;YapH ePq;fpD ePq;Fk;

,Jntd tiue;J thOeh SzHe;NjhH

KJePH cyfpy; KOtJ kpy;iy

; me;j ,opnkhopfisf; Nfl;l nrq;Fl;Ltdpd; jhkiu kyH

NghYk; rpte;j fz;fs; NkYk; jPnadr; rpte;jd. mtd; rpdk;

nfhz;L eifj;jhd;. mg;NghJ> kpFe;j ehw; Nfs;tpAila khlyd;

vOe;J epd;W> “ kd;dH kd;d ! epd; ntw;wp tho;tjhf! eP ePL

tho;f" vd tho;j;jpf; $wYw;whd; kpsFf; nfhb tsUk; kiyapNy

cwq;Fk; ahidiaAk; > rpwpa nfhj;jhfg nea;jy; g+f;fisAk;

cila tpaYiu mopj;J eP ntw;wp ngw;wha;! gpd;dH> mj;jpkhiy

#ba xd;gJ Nrho murHfisAk; xUNru Neup thapy;

vd;Dkplj;jpy; epiyngw;w Nghupy; ntw;wp ngw;wha; ! gpd;dH > ngupa

NjHg; gilAld; nrd;W ,Lk;gpy; vd;Dk; CHg;Gwj;Nj jq;fpapUe;J>

nfhLk; NghH Gupe;J giftiu ntw;wp ngw;wha;! gpd;dH > gue;j

flypNy kuf;fyj;ijr; nrYj;jp > vjpHj;j mupa muriu > tpiue;J

nry;Yk; ePiuAila fq;ifg; Nguhw;wpd; fiuapNy ntw;wp ngw;wha;!

99


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

" ,t;thW Gfo; kpf;f thif khiy mzpe;j ngUk; gilAila

Nte;jNd ! caHe;j rhd;NwhHf;F xg;g nka;g; nghUs; czHe;j

murHf;F muNr epd; rPw;wk; jzptjhf! cyfk; midj;ijAk;

MSk; kd;dNd! epd; tho;ehl;fs; FspHr;rp nghUe;jpa

nghUieahw;wpd; kzypDk; kpFtdthf ! fly; #o;e;j

,t;Tyfpid MSk; murNd! eP ePLop tho;thahf! vd; nrhw;fis

,fo;e;J xJf;fhJ Nfl;L mUs;thahf! vd khlyd; NkYk;

njhlHe;jhd.; eP ehlhSk; nghWg;gpid Vw;W> Ik;gJ Mz;Lfs;

cUz;L Xb tpl;ld ' ,d;dKk; eP mwf;fs Nts;tp nra;ahJ

kwf;fs Nts;tpNa nra;fpd;wha; ' rpwpJ vz;zpg; ghH! kd;dHf;Fupa

flikfisf; Fiwtpy;yhky; Kbj;j> thNse;jpa ntw;wpAila

gdk; g+ khiy #ba epd; Kd;NdhUs; > flyplj;Nj nrd;W giftH

flk;gpid ntl;b tPo;j;jpa fhtyd; ,d;wpy;iy! ,kakiyapd;

cr;rpapNy tpy;iyg; nghwpj;j ntw;wp kpf;f Mw;wy; cilatDk;

,d;wpy;iy ! ehd;F kiwfspy; ty;y me;jzd; ghba ghly;fis

Vw;W> mtd; tpUk;gpathW Nts;tp nra;jw;F Vw;w nry;tj;ij

kpFjpahf mspj;J mtidj; Jwf;fj;jpw;F mDg;gpatDk;

,d;wpy;iy! 'epiyngw;w capHfisf; nfhy;tjpy; xU tiuaiwia

Nkw;nfhs;thahf! " vdf; $w;WtDf;Nf Mizapl;l Mw;wy; kpf;f

Nte;jDk; ,d;wpy;iy' nfhba nrhw;fisAila atduJ tskpf;f

ehl;bid ntd;W Mz;L> ,kak; | tiu nrd;W thif #batDk;

,d;wpy;iy! kpfg; ngUk; gilAld; nrd;W giftH kjpiy mopj;j

Mw;wy; kpf;f kd;dDk; ,d;wpy;iy. mr;rk; jUjw;Ff; fhuzkhd

mapiu kiyapy; ,Ue;j nfhw;witia ePuhl;b topgl;L xU gfy;

nghOjpy; Nkw;Ff; fly; fpof;Ff; fly; Mfpa ,U flypYk; nrd;W

ePuhba Mw;wy; kpf;f kd;dDk; ,d;wpy;iy. ,e;jpuDila

mkuhgjpapdpd;Wk; rJf;fg; g+jq;fis tQ;rpf;Ff; nfhzHe;J> kJ

mUe;Jjw;Fupa Nrhk ahfj;jpidr; nra;jtDk; ,d;wpy;iy. ahf;if

epiyapy;iy vd;gij czu;tha;.

5.2.5. fz;zfp flTs; kq;fyk;

kJiu khefuk; mopTWkhW > rpdj;jhy; nfhba jPiaj;

jdJ nfhq;ifapd; %yk; Njhw;Wtpj;J> gpd; ekJ ey;y ehl;bid

mile;J nrwpe;j fpisfisAila> nghd;Nghy; moFld; Gjpjhfj;

jtpHj;J kyHe;j Ntq;if ku epoypy; jq;fpa fz;zfp flTSf;Ff;

Nfhapy; vLg;Nghk;! vdNt> mwf;fs Nts;tp nra;j me;jzUk; >

ey;yhrpupaDk;> NrhjplDk; rpwg;Gila rpw;gpaUld; nrd;W> NjtUk;

100

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tpUk;Gk; rpw;g E}y; czHe;j fk;kpauhy; gFjpg;gl tFj;j gj;jpdpf;

Nfhapypy; thdtH ciwAk; ,ka kiyapd; cr;rpapy; cs;s

,iwtid topgl;L > nra;a Ntz;ba midj;Jk; nra;J

Kbf;fg;gl;l mj;nja;tj; jpUtbtj;jpw;F> ifj;njhopy; ty;yhH

nra;j rpwe;j mofpidAila mzpfyd;fs; midj;ijAk;

mzptpj;J> kyHJ}tp topgl;L > fhty; nja;tq;fisf; fil

thapypy; epWj;jp> ehs;NjhWk; g+irAk; tpohTk; eilngw Vw;ghL

nra;J gpujpl;il nra;f!" vd;W Vtpdhd; > tlehl;L ks;siu

tzq;fr; nra;j kd;dHf;F kd;ddhd nrq;Fl;Ltd;.

5.3. tho;j;Jf; fhij (fhij – 29) 5.3.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

nrq;Fl;Ltd;> fz;zfp Nfhapypy; tPw;wpUe;J gpw ehl;L

kd;dHfs; mspj;j jpiwiag; ngw;whd;. mg;NghJ> g+k;GfhupypUe;J

Gwg;gl;l fz;zfpapd; nrtpypj; jhAk; mbj; NjhopAk;> Njte;jpGk;

kJiuia mile;J khjup kfs; Iiaia mioj;Jf; nfhz;L

tQ;rpapy; cs;s fz;zfp NfhapYf;F te;J NrHe;jdH. Nru Nte;jd;

Kd;dpiyapy; > fz;zfpf;Fk; jq;fSf;Fk; cs;s cwitf; $wp

tha;tpl;L mOjdu;.> g+k;Gfhupy; fz;zfp Nfhtyd; MfpNahupd;

je;ijaH JwT Nkw;nfhz;lJk; > jhahH ,UtUk; ,we;jJk; >

khjtp > kzpNkfiy Mfpa ,UtuJ JwTk; > khjup capH

ePjj;Jk; Mfpa nra;jpfisr; nrhy;yp muw;wpdH . fz;zfp nja;t

tbtj;Jld; Nrud; nrq;Fl;LtDf;Ff; fhl;rpaspj;jhs;. fz;zfp

Nruid tho;j;jpdhs;.

5.3.2. Njte;jp KjyhNdhH kJiu khefH nry;yy;

Nfhtyd; jd; gotpid cWj;j FWkfd; xUtdhy;

nfhiyAz;l epiyapy; kpf JaUw;w fz;zfp kjp NghYk;

Kfj;jpd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J rpy ePH Jsp tpo> GOjp gbe;j

fUq;$e;jy; mtpo;e;J KJif kiwf;f mwj;jpidg; gopj;Jf;

fhtydpd; muz;kidf;F tof;Fiuf;fr; nrd;whs.; GfhupypUe;J

fz;zfpapd; nrtpypj; jhAk; Njhopahfpa Njte;jpAk; Nrapioahd

fz;zfpiaf; fhz;Nghk; vd;W kJiu khefH GFe;jdH.

fz;zfpahy; kJiuapy; tpise;j g+riyf; Nfl;ldH. khjupapd;

,y;yj;ij mile;jdH. mq;fpUe;J mts; kfshd IiaNahL

itif ejpapd; fiuia xU topahff; nfhz;L neLNts;

Fd;wj;jpy; Nky; VwpdH. gpd; fz;zfpapd; Nfhapiy mile;J

101


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mtSf;F tpoh epfo;j;jpa nrq;Fl;Ltid fz;L mtDf;F jd;

epiyiag; gw;wpf; $wpdH.

5.3.3. gyUk; muw;Wjy;

moF kpf;f Nkd;ikj; jd;ik tha;e;j khjtpia

ntFshjts; jd; md;G epiwe;j fztdJ ifapidg; gpbj;Jr;

nry;Yjiy kPwhky;> Flk; GFjy; ,y;yhj fpzWfisAila

nfhba fhl;il mile;jhs;. kpf ePz;l fz;fisAila mf;

fz;zfpf;F ehd; nrtpypj; jhahNtd; vd;whs; fhtw;ngz;L.

jz;zpa g+k;Gfhupy; Njhd;wpa ghitf;F ehd; nrtpypj; jhahNtd;!

jd;idg; ngw;nwLj;j jhaplKk; xU nrhy; nrhy;ytpy;iy! jdf;Fr;

nrtpypahd vd;idg; ngw;w jhaplKk; xU nrhy; nrhy;ytpy;iy!

vd;dplKk; xU nrhy; nrhy;ytpy;iy! fw;ghfpa flikiaNa

jiyaha mwkhff; nfhz;L jd; fhjyd; gpd;Nd nrd;w> nghd;

tisay; mzpe;j ,f;fz;zfpf;Fj; Njhop ahd; fz;BH vd;whs;

mbj;Njhop! g+k;GfhHg; ghitf;Fj; Njhop ehd; fz;BH! " Kd; nra;j

ey;y jtk; ,y;yhNjd; ahdJ fz;l jPf; fdhitf; $wpa

me;ehspy; mijg; gw;wpr; rpwpJk; Muha;e;J ghuhnjhope;Njd;! INah!

vd;d fhupak; nra;Njd;! nrwpe;j $e;jiyAila kq;ifNa! eP

kJiuapy; nra;j nfhq;ifg; g+riyf; Nfl;lNghJ> epd; md;id

capH Jwe;j nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lhNah Njhop! epd; khkp capH Jwe;j

nra;jpiaAk; Nfl;lhNah NjhoP! vd;whs; Njte;jp.

5.3.4. fz;zfpf; flTspd; eaTiu

njd;dtd; jPjpyd; NjtHNfhd; wd;Nfhapy;

ed;tpUe; jhapdhd; ehdtd; wd;kfs;

mzpfis cila kpd;dy; nfhb Nghd;w ngz; cUtk;

thdpy; Njhd;WfpwNj vdr; nrq;Fl;Ltd; tpae;jhd;. njd;dhl;L

Nte;jdhd ghz;bad; neLQ;nropad; Fw;wk; ,y;yhjtd;. Mjyhy;

mtd; ,e;jpud; muz;kidapy; ey;y tpUe;jpdd; Mapdd;. ehd;

mg;ghz;bad; kfshNtd;. ntw;wpNty; Ve;jpa KUfDila

,f;Fd;wpy; te;J vg;NghJk; tpisahLNtd; ! NkYk; ' nrq;Fl;Ltd;

ePL tho;f !' vdj; jd; nja;t nkhopahy; tho;j;jp mUspdhs;

fz;zfp.

5.4. tue;jU fhij (fhij – 30) 5.4.1. fhijr;RUf;fk;

Njte;jp nrq;Fl;LtDf;F kzpNkfiyapd; JwT tuyhw;iw

ciuj;jhs;. gpd;> mj;Njte;jp rhj;jd; vd;Dk; nja;tj;jpd;

102

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Mizg;gb khlyd; > mq;F te;jpUe;j rpWkpaH %tHkPJ fuf

ePiuj; njspj;jhd;. fz;zfp ew;wha;> Nfhtyd; ew;wha;> khjup

vd;Dk; KtNu mr; rpWkpauhfg; gpwe;j tuyhw;iw khlyd;

nrq;Fl;LtDf;F vLj;jpak;gpdhd.; Nte;jd; gj;jpdp topghL ehSk;

eilngw Njte;jpiag; g+ir nra;gtshf mkHj;jpdhd;. gj;jpdpf;

flTis Kk;Kiw tyk; te;J gzpe;J tzq;fpg; Nghw;wpdhd;.

mg;nghOJ rpiw ePq;fpa fdf tpraUk;> Flff; nfhq;fUk;> khSt

kd;dDk;> ,yq;if murdhd fathFTk;> “ vq;fs; ehl;L

Nts;tpapYk; te;jUs;f!" vd;W fz;zfp nja;tj;ij Ntz;bdH."

tuk; je;Njd;" vd;Dk; xyp vOe;jJ . mJ Nfl;l midtUk;

tpag;Gw;wdH . gpd; nrq;Fl;Ltd; khlyDld; Nts;tpr; rhiyf;Fr;

nrd;whd;. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; gj;jpdpf; NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;whH. gj;jpdpj;

nja;tk; Njte;jpNky; ntspg;gl;L mbfshupd; JwT tuyhw;iw

ciuj;jJ. jd; tuyhw;iwf; $wpa NgW ngw;wikf;F mbfshH

ngupJk; kfpo;e;jhH. ,jidf; Nfl;Fk; NgW ngw;w cyNfhH jPjpd;wp

tho;thuhf! vd tho;j;jp mUspdhH.

5.4.2. nrq;Fl;Ltd; tpdh

tlehl;L Nte;jHfis ntd;W gzpar; nra;j NruH

ngUkhdhfpa nrq;Fl;Ltd; fz;zfpapd; nja;t tbtj;ijf;

fz;zhuf; fz;L fspj;jhd;. gpd; > Njte;jpia ed;F Nehf;fp> “eP

tha; tpl;L muw;wpa kzpNkfiy ahH? mts; JwT Nkw;nfhs;sf;

fhuzk; ahJ? ,q;F mtw;iw vdf;Ff; $Wthahf! " vd;whd;.

5.4.3. Njte;jpapd; tpil

Njte;jp> “Nte;jH ngUkhNd! epdJ ntw;wp Xq;Ftjhf! ehL

tsk; jUtjhf!" vd tho;j;jp> mofpa Nkfiy Kjyhdtw;iw

mzpe;j NjhopaupilNa caHe;J tpsq;fpa kzpNkfiyapd;

Nkyhd JwTgw;wp tpupthff; $wYw;whs;. fupa <upa nea;g;Aila

$e;jyhdJ> $WgLj;jyhy; cz;lhFk; moFld; Ie;J tifahfg;

gFf;Fk; gUtj;jpid cw;wJ! nrt;tup glHe;j tskhd

filapidAila fz;fs; fz;lhiuf; ftUk; jd;ikia mwpe;jd!

Mdhy; mjid mts; mwpatpy;iy! jk;Ks; xj;J tpsq;Fk; ,U

gtsj;Js;Ns xsp tPRk; Kj;Jf; Nfhit Nghd;w gw;fs; Kjpuhj

mstpdthapd! neUq;fpa Kiyfs; mbgue;J vOe;jd!

jOTjw;Fupa khHGk; gue;J mfd;wJ! JtSk; ,il rpWj;jJ!

mofpa my;Fy; mfd;wJ! ,U njhilfSk; jpul;rpAw;wd! moF

nra;jiyAk; nghwhjthW tpsq;Fk; mtsJ ghjq;fs; nea;apy;

103


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Njha;j;j jspupidg; Nghd;wd! mtSf;F Mly; gapw;Wtpf;Fk;

jiyf;Nfhy; Mrhd; Kd; tuhikahy; mtis caHFb khf;fs;

rpwe;j fzpifahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;shH. Mjyhy; ,e;epiyapy;

mtisg; gw;wpa epd; fUj;J ahJ! ' vd khjtpapd; ew;wha;

rpj;jpuhgjp> khjtpia Nehf;fp tpdtpdhs;> “ jd; jha; ,t;thW

$wf;Nfl;l khjtp> ,sik moF kpFk; vd; kfNs! kzpNkfiyNa!

,q;Nf tUf! vdj; jd; kfis mUNf mioj;jhs;!

cUtkpy;yhjtdhd fhkd; jdJ xg;gw;w fUk;G tpy;iyAk;

kzk;kpF kyH mk;GfisAk; twpa epyj;jpNy tPrpnawpAkhW

xOq;fhd khiyiaf; $e;jNyhL fise;J mtisg;

Gj;jg;gs;spapy; NrHj;Jj; Jwtw newpia Nkw;nfhs;sr; nra;jhs;!

kzpNkfiy JwT Nkw;nfhz;l nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpAw;w Nrho

Nte;jDk;> GfhH efupy; thOk; kf;fSk;> caHe;j khzpf;fj;ij

mOk; kpf;f flypNy ,oe;jtHfisg; Nghyg; ngUe;Jd;gk; va;jpdH.

nka;g;nghUis czHj;Jk; nkhopfisNa ciuf;Fk; khjtuhfpa

mwtztbfs;> ' kzpNkfiy jd;Dila Jwtpid vkf;F

mwptpj;jhs;' vd mtsJ md;Gkpf;f ey;Yiuia mUnshLk;

ciuj;jhH. JwT Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fupa gUtk; ,y;yhjNghJk; grpa

tisaiy mzpe;j kzpNkfiy> jpUkfSk; tpUk;Gk; jdJ

Nguoifj; Jwe;jhs;! Mjyhy; mjid epide;J ehd; tha;tpl;L

mONjd;! " vd;W Njte;jp murdplk; ciuj;jhs; .

5.4.4. fz;zfp nja;tk; tuk; juy;

ve;ehl; lhq;fz; ,ka tuk;gdpd;

ed;dhl; nra;j ehszp Nts;tpapy;

te;jP nfd;Nw tzq;fpdH Ntz;lj;

je;Njd; tunkd; nwOe;j njhUFuy;

mupa rpiwapdpd;W tpLtpf;fg; gl;l fdf tpraH Kjyhd

Mupa murUk;> Kd;dNu tQ;rp khefug; ngUQ; rpiwapy; fple;j

gpwFk;> Flf ehl;Lf; nfhq;fUk;> khSt ehl;L kd;dUk; fly; #o;

,yq;if Nte;jdhd fathFTk; fz;zfp nja;tj;ijj; njhOJ

Nghw;wpdH." ,kakiyia vy;iyahff; nfhz;l ,e;jr; NruH

ngUkhd; epdf;F ,e;ehspy; epfo;j;jpa tpohtpy; eP vOe;jUspaijg;

Nghy vq;fs; ehl;by; ehq;fs; cdf;F mikf;f tpUf;Fk;

jpUf;Nfhapy; tpohf;fspYk; vOe;jUs; thahf!" vd Ntz;bf;

nfhz;ldH. mt;tstpy; mq;qdNk tuk; je;Njd;! " vd thdpNy

xU Fuy; vOe;jJ .

104

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




5.4.5. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; mwTiu

fz;zfp nja;tj;jpd; jd;ikfis tpsf;fpa jFjp kpf;f

ed;nkhopfisf; nfhz;l ,r; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpid Nfl;l

ey;ytHfNs! jPtpid fhuzkhfg; nghUs; Kjyhdtw;iw ,of;f

NeHe;j NghJk; tUe;jhjPH. gpwH jUk; Jd;gj;jpw;Fk; fyq;fhjPH

tUj;jKk; Jd;gKk; Md;khTld; njhlHGiladty;y vdf; fUjp

mtw;iw tpl;nlhopAq;fs;. ehd; vj;jidNah nja;tq;fisg; gw;wp

,f; fhg;gpaj;jpy; ciuj;Js;Nsd;! MapDk; cz;ikj; nja;tj;ij

ePq;fs; czHe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;! mq;qdk; cz;ikj; nja;tj;ij

czHe;NjhH ciufisg; Nghw;wpg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;! ngha; $w

mQ;Rq;fs;! Gwq;$Wjiy mfw;Wq;fs;! Cd; czit tpyf;Fq;fs;!

capHfisf; nfhiy nra;ahjPHfs;! jhdk; nra;Aq;fs;!

gytifahd Nehd;Gfis> jt newpia Nkw;nfhs;Sq;fs;! gpwH

nra;j cjtpia kwthjPHfs;! jPNahH el;ig xJf;Fq;fs;! ngha;r;

rhd;W $whjPHfs;! cz;ik nkhopapid tpl;L ePq;fhjPHfs;!

mwNthH mitapdpd;Wk; mfyhJ NrHe;jpUq;fs;! jPtpidahsH

mitapdpd;Wk; jg;gp ePq;Fq;fs;! gpwH kidtpia tpUk;Gjiy

mQ;Rq;fs;! Jd;Gw;w capHfisg; ghJfhj;J cjTq;fs;!

,y;ywj;ijg; Nghw;Wq;fs;! ghtr; nray;fisg; Nghf;Fq;fs;!

fs;Sk;> fsTk;> fhkKk;> ngha;Ak;> gadw;w Ngr;Rk; vd;Dk;

,tw;iw xopf;Fk; Kiwahy; xopj;jpLq;fs;! ,sikAk; nry;tKk;

ahf;ifAk; epiyaw;wd! xt;nthUtuJ MAl; fhyKk; tiuaiw

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ . mjid ePl;bf;f ,ayhJ! vdNt

kuzj;jpdpd;Wk; jg;g KbahJ! mjyhy; tho;ehis tPo;

ehshf;fhky; ,we;j gpd; capH nry;Yk; kWik cyfpw;F cw;w

Jizahfpa ey;ywj;jpid ,k;ikapNyNa Njbr; nra;Aq;fs;!

nry;t tsk; kpf;f ,g;ngupa cyfpy; thOk; kf;fNs! kd

tsj;Jld; tho;tPuhf!"

5.5. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; ,kakiyapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;l fy; fq;ifapNy ePHg;gil

nra;ag;gl;L NruehL nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ mwpe;Njhk.; NkYk; Nrud;

fz;zfpf;F vLj;j Nfhapy; gw;wpa nra;jpfSk; mjd; fhuzkhf

Nruehl;by; epfo;e;j epfo;Tfs; gw;wpAk; fz;zfpapd; Kw;gpwg;G

tuyhw;iwAk; ehk; ,g;gFjpapd; %ykhf mwpe;Njhk.;

105


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;


1. Nfhtyd; kiwtpw;Fg;gpd; g+k;Gfhupy; cs;NshH epiy ahJ?

2. khlyd; $wpa mwpTiufs; ahit?

3. nja;tkhf te;j fz;zfp vd;d $wpdhs;?

4. ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; mwpTiuia jUf.



nrd;id 108> 1993

2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; eh.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;

ciu> nfsuh gjpg;gff;FOkk;> nrd;id-5

106

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



$$WW ..66 jjppUUjj;;jjff;;ff NNjjttuu-- rrPPttff rrppee;;jjhhkkzzpp 6.1. rPtf rpe;jhkzp

NrhoHfSila Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,aw;wg;ngw;w fhg;gpak;

rPtf rpe;jhkzp. ,J fp.gp. xd;gJ my;yJ gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by;

Njhd;wpaJ vd;gH. rPtf rpe;jhkzpf;F Kd;dH vOe;j ngupa

E}y;fs; vy;yhk; ntz;ghthYk;> mftyhYk; ,aw;wg;gl;ld.

Mdhy; Kjd;Kiwahf ~tpUj;jk;| vd;w xU GJr;nra;As; tifapy;

vOjg;gl;lJ rPtf rpe;jhkzp.

~,J tiuapYk; ngupa E}y;fs; vy;yhk; ntz;ghthYk;

mftyhYk; ,aw;wg;gl;L te;j jkpopyf;fpa tuyhw;wpy;>

fp.gp.xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by;> xU GJikiag; GFj;jpatH

jpUj;jf;fNjtH vd;Dk; ird KdptH. mtH rPtfd; vd;w

murDila tuyhw;iw xU fhg;gpakhfg; ghbaNghJ> tpUj;jk;

vd;w GJr; nra;As; tifiag; gad;gLj;jpdhH. %thapuj;Jf;Fk;

Nkw;gl;l ghl;Lfs; nfhz;l xU ngUq;fhg;gpaj;ij me;jg; Gjpa

nra;As; tifapNyNa KOJk; ghb Kbj;jhH| vdg; Nguh. K.

tujuhrdhH jpUj;jf;f Njtupd; rpwg;gpid vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH.

tpUj;jk; vd;gJ ehd;F mbfs; cilaJ. Kjy; mbapy;

vj;jid rPHfs; tUNkh mj;jid rPHfNs gpw %d;W mbfspYk;

tUk;. Kjy; mbapy; mike;j rPHfspd; mikg;Ng mLj;j

mbfspYk; mNj Kiwapy; tUk;. mjdhy; Kjybapd; XirNa

gpw %d;W mbfspYk; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g xypf;Fk;. XH mbf;F

,j;jid rPHfs; tuNtz;Lk;> ,d;d msthd rPHfs; tuNtz;Lk;

vd;w tiuaiw ,y;yhikahy;> tpUj;jk; gytifahf tpupT

mile;jJ. xU tpUj;jj;jpd; mbfs; ePz;L tuyhk;@ kw;nwhU

tpUj;jj;jpd; mbfs; FWfp tuyhk;. rpW rpW rPHfs; nfhz;l xU

tpUj;jk; gugug;ghfNth> JbJbg;ghfNth xypf;fyhk;. ePz;l rPHfs;

nfhz;l kw;nwhU tpUj;jk; MoKilajhfNth>

mikjpAilajhfNth> czHr;rp ePz;ljhfNthxypf;fyhk;. MfNt>

tpUj;jk; vd;w ngaH nfhz;l ,J> xU nra;As; tifahf

,Ue;jhYk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd XirNtWghLfisg; gilj;Jf;fhl;l

,lk; je;jJ. jkpo;f;ftpijapy; Vw;gl;l ,e;jg; Gul;rpahy;

czHr;rpf;F Vw;wthW ftpijapd;eilia khw;wpaikf;Fk; tbtr;

rpwg;G NkYk; tsHe;J ngUfj; njhlq;fpaJ. gpw;fhyj;jpy; fk;gH

,jpy; ngUk; ntw;wpngw;whH. Nrf;fpohH> fr;rpag;gH MfpNahUk; ,e;j

ahg;igg; gad;gLj;jp ntw;wp ngw;Ws;sdH.

107


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tlnkhopapYs;s \j;jpu #lhkzp> fj;jpa rpe;jhkzp>

=Guhzk; Mfpa E}y;fspy; cs;s fijiaj; jOtpr; rPtf

rpe;jhkzp vOjg;gl;lJ. rPtfrpe;jhkzp $Wk; rPtf kd;ddJ

tuyhW> tlehl;Lr; rhHG cilaJ. vdpDk; jkpofj;Jr;

r%fj;ijg;gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;L ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j E}y; gpw;fhy ,yf;fpa tsHr;rpf;F topfhl;bahf

mike;jJ vd;gH. fk;gH> ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpypUe;J> ~XH

mfg;igiaKfe;J nfhz;lhH| vd;W $Wk; kuG cz;L. ehL efuk;

Kjypatw;iw tUzpf;Fk; KiwapYk;> Ie;jpizahfg;

gFf;fg;gLk;epyq;fspd; ,aw;if moFfis tpsf;Fk; KiwapYk;>

,ir Kjypa fiyfis tpsf;Fk; KiwapYk;> rPtf rpe;jhkzp>

fhg;gpa mikg;gpd; Kd;Ndhbahfr; rpwg;Gw;Wj; jpfo;fpwJ. fhjy;

Rit kpFe;jpUe;jhYk;> vz;tifr; RitAk;,f;fhg;gpaj;jpy;

ngUkstpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,e;E}Yf;F er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH rpwe;j

ciu xd;W vOjpAs;shH.

6.2. ngaHf; fhuzk; ~rpe;jhkzp| vd;gJ NjtH cyfj;J kzpfSs; xd;W.

Ntz;bNahHf;F Ntz;baij toq;Fk; jd;ikAilaJ.

rpe;jhkzpf; fhg;gpaKk; fw;NghHf;F Ntz;baij toq;Fk;

rpwg;GilaJ. rPtfdpd; jhahH Kjd; Kjypy; jd; kfd; rPtfDf;F

,l;lngaH rpe;jhkzp. ~rPt| vd;gJ gpd;dH ~mruPup|ahf xypj;jjhy;

rPtfrpe;jhkzp vd;W ngaH ngw;wJ vd;gH.

6.3. E}ypd; mikg;G ,e;E}y; 13 ,yk;gfq;fisAk; (,yk;gfk; - fhz;lk;

vd;gJ Nghd;w gFg;G)> 3145 nra;Al;fisAk; cilaJ.

ehkfs;,yk;gfk; (379)> Nfhtpe;ijahH ,yk;gfk; (84)> fhe;jUt

jj;ijahH ,yk;gfk; (358)> FzkhiyahH ,yk;gfk; (315)>

gJikahH ,yk;gfk; (246)> NfkrupahH ,yk;gfk; (145)>

fdfkhiyahH ,yk;gfk; (339)> tpkiyahH ,yk;gfk; (106)>

RukQ;rupahH ,yk;gfk; (107)> kz;kfs; ,yk;gfk; (225)> g+kfs;

,yk;gfk; (51)> ,yf;fizahH ,yk;gfk; (221)> Kf;jp,yk;gfk; (547)

vd;gd 13 ,yk;gfq;fs;.

6.4. rPtf rpe;jhkzpapd; fijr; RUf;fk; 1. ehkfs; ,yk;gfk;

Vkhq;fj ehl;bd; jiyefH ,uhrkhGuk;@ mjd; murd;

rr;re;jd;> jd; kidtp tpriaAld; fhk ,d;gj;jpy; mjpf ftdk;

108

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



nrYj;jp> murhl;rpapy; ftdk; nrYj;jj; jtwp tpLfpwhd;.

#o;r;rpahy; mikr;rd; fl;baq;fhud;> muridf; nfhd;W Ml;rpiag;

gpbj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;. fl;baq;fhud; #o;r;rpiaAk;> jd; ,Wjp

KbitAk; mwpe;j rr;re;jd; fU cw;wpUe;j jd; kidtpia>

kapw;nghwpapy; Vw;wp mDg;gp tpLfpwhd;. nghwpia ,af;fj;

njupahjjhy; mJ RLfhl;by; ,wq;f> mq;F mtSf;Fr; rPtfd;

gpwf;fpwhd;.

VJkw;w #oypy; jd;kfid vg;gbf; fhg;ghw;WtJ vd

vz;zpa NghJ> nja;t mUshy; fe;Jf;fld; vd;w tzpfd;

Foe;ijia vLj;Jr; nrd;W tsHf;fpwhd;. gpd;dHf; fe;Jf;flDf;F

ee;jl;ld;> eGyd;> tpGyd; vd;w kfd;fs; gpwf;fpd;wdH. rPtfd;

jk;gpanuhLk; NjhoHfNshLk; NrHe;J mr;rze;jp vd;w Mrpupauplk;

tpj;ijfisf; fw;wdH. MrpupaNu rPtfd; je;ij rr;re;jd; vd;gij

mtDf;Fj; njuptpj;Jf; fl;baq;fhuid nty;Yk; toptiffisr;

nrhy;fpwhH. ,it ehkfs; ,yk;gf epfo;Tfs;.

2. Nfhtpe;ijahH ,yk;gfk;

fl;baq;fhudpd; muritg; gRf;fis NtlHfs; ftHe;J

nry;y> Mepiu kPl;gjw;Ff; fl;baq;fhud; gil tPuHfshy; ,ayhJ

NghfpwJ. ,jid mwpe;J tUe;jpa ,ilaH jiytd;

ee;jNfhgd;Mepiu kPl;NghHf;Fj; jd; kfs; Nfhtpe;ijia kzk;

nra;J jUtjhf mwptpf;fpwhd;. rPtfd; Mepiufis kPl;Lf;

nfhLj;Jf; Nfhtpe;ijiaj; jd; Njhod; gJKfDf;Fj; jpUkzk;

nra;fpwhd;.

3. fhe;jUt jj;ijahH ,yk;gfk;

nts;sp kiy tpj;jpahju murd; fYoNtfd;> jd;kfs; fhe;jUt

jj;ijia kzg;gtd; ,uhrkhGuj;jpy; cs;shd; vd;gijr;

Nrhjplj;jhy; mwpe;J> jj;ijia me;efH tzpfd;

rPjj;jd;,y;yj;jpy; jq;fr; nra;fpwhd;. mq;Fj; jj;ijia aho;

,irg;Nghl;bapy; nty;thHf;F mtis kzQ;nra;J nfhLg;gjhf

mwptpf;fpwhd;. mg;Nghl;bapy; gd;dhl;L murHfSk;>

Nky;tUzj;jhUk; jj;ijaplk; Njhy;tp milfpd;wdH.

rPtfd;jj;ijia ahopirg; Nghl;bapy; ntd;W mtis kzf;fpwhd;.

,jid vjpHj;j murHfisr; rPtfd; Nghupy; nty;fpwhd;.

4. FzkhiyahH ,yk;gfk;

,sNtdpy; fhyj;jpy; nghopy; tpisahlr; nrd;w NjhopaH

Fzkhiy> RukQ;rup MfpNahUf;F ,ilNa Rz;zg; Nghl;b

109


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

vw;gLfpwJ. ahH ,bj;j Rz;zk; rpwe;jJ vd;gNj ,q;Fg; gpur;rpid@

,g;gpur;rpid gyuhy; jPHf;fg;glhjpUf;f> rPtfdplk; fhl;Lfpd;wdH.

mtd; ,Utupd; Rz;zj;ij vLj;J thdpNy tPr> Fzkhiyapd;

Rz;zj;ij tz;Lfs; cz;zf; fz;L> mJNt rpwe;jJ vd;fpwhd;.

RukQ;rup> rPtfd; jd; Rz;zj;ij ,fo;e;jhd; vd tUe;jpj; ~jd;id

te;J rPtfd; nfQ;Rk;gb nra;Ntd;| vd tQ;rpdk; $wp>~MltiuNa

ghHf;fkhl;Nld;| vdr; #Siuj;Jf; fd;dpkhlj;jpy; jtkpUf;fpwhs;.

mg;NghJ> me;jzd; xUtdpd; Nrhw;iw eha; ft;t> mjid mtd;

mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;Jfpwhd;. mjw;F ,uq;fpa rPtfd;> mjd; fhjpy;

gQ;r ek];fhuk; vDk; ke;jpuk; Xjpdhd;. mJ> RjQ;rzd; vDk;

Njtdhf khWfpwJ. jd;id vg;nghOJ epidj;jhYk; clNd

cjtpf;F tUtjhff; $wpr; RjQ;rzd;tpz;zfk; nry;fpwhd;.

mg;NghJ> fl;baq;fhudpd; gl;lj;J ahid mrdpNtfk; kjk;

nfhz;L> Fzkhiyiaf; nfhy;y Kw;gl> rPtfd; ahidia

mlf;fpf; Fzkhiyiaf; fhf;fpwhd;. md;dj;ijj; J}J tpl;Lf;

Fzkhiy jd; fhjiyr; rPtfDld; gupkhwpf; nfhs;fpwhs;. mts;

ngw;NwhH rk;kjj;Jld; rPtfd; mtis kzf;fpwhd;. rPtfd;

mlf;fpa mrdpNtfk; ahid rPtfdplk; Njhw;wjw;fhf ehzp czT

nfhs;shjpUf;f> fl;baq;fhud; rPtfidr; rpiwg;gpbf;fpwhd;.

Xuhz;Lf; fhyk;> jhd; ahH vd;gij ntspg;gLj;jf; $lhJ vd;w

MrpupaH Mizahy; rpiwg;gl;l rPtfid kPl;fj; jj;ijapd; Vtyhy;

nja;tq;fs; tUfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ehzpa rPtfd;> RjQ;rzid

epidf;f> mtd; rPtfid kPl;Lj; NjtNyhfk; vLj;Jr; nry;fpwhd;.

rPtfidr; rpiwg;gpbj;j kjdd;> fl;baq;fhuDf;F mQ;rp> NtW

xUtidf; nfhd;W> rPtfidf; nfhd;wjhff; $wpg; gupR ngWfpwhd;.

5. gJikahH ,yk;gfk;

rPtfd; gy ehLfisf; fhzNtz;Lk; vd tpUk;gpaij

mwpe;j RjQ;rzd;> moFNkdp ngWjy;> tplk; ePf;Fjy;> tpUk;gpa

cUtk; vLj;jy; Fwpj;j %d;W ke;jpuq;fisr;

rPtfDf;Fciuf;fpwhd;. mNjhL> rPtfd; nry;Yk; top $wp>

newpg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. mt;top> rPtfd;> gwitfisAk; tpyq;FfisAk;

Ntl;ilahLk; Ntlidj; jpUj;jp> nfhy;yhik tpujk; Vw;fr;

nra;fpwhd;. gpd; fhl;Lj;jPahy; #og;gl;L tUe;jpa ahidfis

kPl;fpwhd;. mLj;J muzghjk; kiyia mile;J> mUfid

topgLfpwhd;. ,Wjpapy;> gy;yt ehL mile;J> mjd; jiyefH

re;jpuhgk; nrd;W> me;ehl;L murd; jdgjpapd; kfd;

110

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



cNyhfghyDld; el;Gf; nfhs;fpwhd;. mq;F> cNyhfghyd; jq;if

gJikiag; ghk;G jPz;l> mjd; tplk; ePf;fpg; gJikia kze;J

,U jpq;fs; jq;Ffpwhd;.

6. NfkrupahH ,yk;gfk;

gJikiag; gpupe;J rpj;jpu $lk; vDk; jtg;gs;sp mile;J

mq;Fs;s jhgjHfisj; jpUj;jp> jf;fehl;bd; jiyefH NfkkhGuk;

milfpwhd;. me;efuj;jpy; Rgj;jpud; vd;w tzpfDf;F Nfkrup vd;w

XH mofpa kfs; ,Ue;jhs;. Rgj;jpudplk; NrhjplHfs; “epd; kfs;

vtidf; fz;L ehZfpd;whNsh> mtNd mtSf;Ff; fztd;

MFtd;@ gpw Mltiuf; fz;lhy; mtSf;F ehzk; Njhd;whJ"

vdf; $wpapUe;jdH. NfkkhGuj;ij mile;j rPtfd; Rgj;jpud; tPL

nry;y> mq;Nf Nfkrup mtidf; fz;L ehZfpwhs;. NrhjplHfs;

$wpagb> rPtfNd jd; kfSf;Ff; fztd; vd;gjwpe;J

kzQ;nra;fpwhd;. NfkrupAlDk; ,U jpq;fs; ,Ue;Jtpl;Lg; gpd;

gpupfpwhd;.

7. fdfkhiyahH ,yk;gfk;

jd; gazj;ijj; njhlHe;j rPtfd;> gy ,lq;fisf; fle;J

kj;jpk ehl;bd; jiyefH VkkhGuk; nrd;W> me;efUf;F mUNf

cs;s xU Nrhiyia milfpwhd;. mq;F> fhe;jUt jj;ij kw;Wk;

Fzkhiyia vz;zpf; fyq;fp ,Uf;f> me;ehl;L murd; kfd;

tprad; tUfpwhd;. mtdhy; va;J tPo;j;j Kbahj khq;fdpiar;

rPtfd; xNu mk;gpy; tPo;j;jpj; jd; iff;F tur; nra;fpwhd;. rPtfdpd;

tpy;yhw;wiy mwpe;j tprad;> jd; ehl;Lf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;wJld;>

murd; kf;fSf;F tpy; tpj;ij fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupauhf;Ffpwhd;.

kfpo;e;j murd;> jd;kfs; fdfkhiyiar; rPtfDf;F kzk; Kbj;J

itf;fpwhd;. rPtfd; gpupthy; tUe;jpa ee;jl;ld; fhe;jUt jj;ijapd;

tpj;ijahy; rPtfd; ,Ug;gplk; mwpe;J mtidf; fhz;fpwhd;.

Vidaj; NjhoHfSk; mtidf; fhzr; nrd;w topapy; cs;s jtg;

gs;spapy; rPtfd; jhiaf; fz;L> rPtfd; mur Fkhud; vd;gij

mwpfpd;wdH. gpd;dH rPtfidf; fz;L mtd; jhapd; ,Ug;gplj;ij

mwptpf;fpd;wdH. rPtfd; NjhoHfSld; jhiaf; fhzg; Gwg;gLfpwhd;.

8. tpkiyahH ,yk;gfk;

rPtfd; jz;lfhuzpak; nrd;W jhia tzq;fp mwpTiu

ngWfpwhd;. mq;F MW jpq;fs; jq;fp> gpd; jhapd; Mizg;gb>

khkd; Nfhtpe;jidf; fhz Vkhq;fj ehl;bd; jiyefH ,uhrkhGuk;

nry;fpwhd;. mq;Fg; ge;jhba tpkiyiaf; fz;L fhKw;W> mts;

111


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

je;ij rhfujj;jd; filapy; nrd;W mku> filg;nghUs; midj;Jk;

tpw;gidahfp tpLfpwJ. Nrhjplj;jpd;gb> mtNd jd; kfSf;Fupa

kzhsd; vd;gij mwpe;J> rPtfDf;F tpkiyiaj; jpUkzk;

nra;J itf;fpwhd;. mtSld; ,Uehl;fs; jq;fpa rPtfd;> kPz;Lk;

jd; gazj;ijj; njhlHfpwhd;.

9. RukQ;rupahH ,yk;gfk;

rPtfidf; fhk jpyfd; vd ez;gHfs; ghuhl;l> Gj;jpNrdd;>

~,q;Fr; RukQ;rup MltiuNa ntWj;J tho;fpwhs;@ mtis kaf;fpj;

jpUkzk; nra;jhy;jhd; mtidf; fhkj; jpyfdhf Vw;f KbAk;|

vd;fpwhd;. rPtfd; Kjpa me;jzH tbT nfhz;L> RukQ;rupapd;

me;jg;Guk; mile;J mtis kaf;fp kzf;fpwhd;. xUehs; mtSld;

jq;fp> gpd;dH> tsHg;Gj; je;ij fe;Jf;flid tzq;fp> jj;ij>

FzkhiyahH Jaupid ePf;fp> Vkhq;fj ehl;ilf; fle;J

nry;fpwhd;.

10. kz;kfs; ,yk;gfk;

tpNja ehL nrd;W> khkd; Nfhtpe;jdpd; gilj;Jiz ngw;W

Vkhq;fj ehl;Lf;F kPz;Lk; te;J> fl;baq;fhuDld; Nghupl;L ntd;W>

,oe;j jd; ehl;bd; Ml;rpiag; ngWfpwhd;. khkd; Nfhtpe;jd;

mwptpj;j Rak;tuj;jpd;gb jpupgd;wpg;nghwp Nghl;bapy; ntd;W

,yf;fiziag; ngWfpwhd;.

11. g+kfs; ,yk;gfk;

rPtfd; Ml;rpiaj; njhlq;Ffpwhd;. fl;baq;fhud;

cwtpdHfSf;F MWjYk; ghJfhg;Gk; mspf;fpwhd;. fl;baq;fhudhy;

Jd;GWj;jg;gl;ltHfSf;Fr; rPtfd; tho;tspf;fpwhd;.

12. ,yf;fizahH ,yk;gfk;

rPtfd; jd;NjhoH vy;NyhiuAk; tutioj;J> Kiwg;gb

,yf;fizia kzk; nra;fpwhd;. gpd;> efHtyk; nrd;W mUfid

topgLfpwhd;. jd;id md;Gld; tsHj;j je;ijahfpa

fe;Jf;flDf;Fk; jhahfpa Ree;ijf;Fk; muR gl;lk; toq;Ffpwhd;@

ee;jl;lid ,sturdhf;Ffpwhd;. kw;iwj; NjhoHfSf;Fk; cupa

rpwg;Gfisr; nra;fpwhd;. RjQ;rzDf;Ff; Nfhapy; vOg;Gfpwhd;@

jhd; ,sikapy; tpisahba Mykuj;Jf;Fr; rpwg;Gr; nra;fpwhd;.

13. Kj;jp ,yk;gfk;

jtg; gs;spapy; tpria mUfDf;Fk; jd;idg; ghJfhj;j

nja;tq;fSf;Fk; Nfhapy; vLf;fpwhs;. jd;idAk; kfidAk;

fhg;ghw;wj; Jiz nra;j kapw;nghwpia muz;kid khlj;jpy;

112

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



,lk;ngwr; nra;fpwhs;. rPtfd; gpwe;j RLfhl;il md;djhdr;

rhiyahf;fp ehSk; 505 Foe;ijfSf;F md;djhdk; toq;Ffpwhs;.

gpd;dH ~gpwtpf;fly; ePe;jr; Ree;ijAld; jtg;gs;sp mile;J jd;

Jwitj; njhlHfpwhs;. rPtfd; NjtpaHf;F vl;L kfd;fs;

gpwf;fpd;wdH. rPtfd; NjtpaH vz;kUld; nghopy; tsk; fhzr;

nry;fpwhd;. mq;Ff; fLtd; - ke;jp (Fuq;Ffs;) ngw;w gyhg;goj;ij

Ntld; ftHe;J nry;tijf; fz;L nry;tk; epiyahikia

czHfpwhd;. gpd; efiu mile;J mUfid topgl;Lr; rhuzH %yk;

gpwtpg; ngUq;fly; ePe;Jk; Kiwiaj; njupe;J nfhs;fpwhd;. mtH

%yk; jd; Kw;gpwg;G tuyhw;iwAk; mwpfpwhd;. gpd; muz;kid

nrd;W jd; Jwit mwptpf;fpwhd;@ jd; kfd; rr;re;jid

murdhf;fpj; NjtpaH vz;kNuhLk; JwT Nkw;nfhs;fpwhd;.

tHj;jkhdiuj; juprpj;J> tpGyfpupapy; jtk; nra;J rpj;j Nrj;jpuk;

mile;J tPLNgW milfpwhd;

rPtfd; fy;tp fw;wijf; $WtJ ehkfs; ,yk;gfk;.

fl;baq;fhuid ntd;W ehl;il mile;jJ kz;kfs; ,yk;gfk;.

rPtfd; Ml;rp va;jpaJ g+kfs; ,yk;gfk;> tPLNgwila tpUk;gpaJ

Kj;jpapyk;gfk;. gpw vl;L ,yk;gfq;fSk; KiwNa> fhe;jUtjj;ij>

Fzkhiy> gJik> Nfkrup> fdfkhiy> tpkiy> RukQ;rup>

khkd;kfs; ,yf;fiz Mfpa vl;Lg; Ngiur;rPtfd; jpUkzk; nra;j

nra;jpfisf; $Wfpd;wd. ez;gd; gJKfDf;F ee;jNfhgd; kfs;

Nfhtpe;ijia kzk; Kbj;Jitj;j nra;jpAk; XH ,yk;gfj;jpy;

$wg;gLfpwJ. ,g; ngz;fspd; ngaHfshNyNa ,yk;gfg; ngaHfs;

mike;Js;sd.

rPtfd;> vl;Lg; ngz;fisj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l

epfo;r;rpfs; fhg;gpaj;jpd; ngUk; gFjpahf mike;Js;sd.

rPtfdpd;ez;gd; gJKfd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l epfo;r;rpAk;

,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,it kl;Lky;yhky; rPtfd; fy;tp

gapd;Wrpwg;Gw;w nra;jpiaf; $Wkplj;Jk;> rkz newp ngw;w

nra;jpiaf; $Wkplj;Jk;> mit jpUkzkhfNt $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

mjdhy; ,e;E}iy kzE}y; vd;W $WtH.

6.5. jpUj;jf;f NjtH rPtf rpe;jhkzpia ,aw;wpatH jpUj;jf;f NjtH. ,tH NrhoH

Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jtH vd;W er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH ciu Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

,tH> jkpopYk; tlnkhopapYk; Gyik cilatH. ,sikapNyNa

rkz rkaj;ijj; jOtpj; JwTg+z;ltH.

113


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jpUj;jf;f NjtH rhd;NwhHfSld; njhlHGnfhs;sf; fUjp>

kJiuf;Fr; nrd;W> mq;F rq;fg; GytHfNshL $b

mstshtp,Ue;jNghJ mq;fpUe;j jkpo;g; GytHfspy; rpyH> MUfj

rkaj;ijr; rhHe;jtHfs; JwT Kjypatw;iwNa ghLthHfNs

ad;wpf;fhkr; Ritglf; fhg;gpak; ghl ,ayhjtH vd;W $wpdH

vd;Wk; ,ijf; Nfl;l jpUj;jf;f NjtH> fhkr;

RitAld;rpe;jhkzpia ,aw;wpdhH vd;Wk; xU fij epyTfpwJ.

fhg;gpak; nra;af; fUjpa jpUj;jf;f NjtH> jk; fUj;jpidj;

jk; MrpupaUf;Ff; $w> mjw;F mtH> jpUj;jf;f Njtupd;

Gyikiamwpa> mg;nghOJ mq;Nf Xba xU eupiar; Rl;bf;

fhl;b> ~ePq;fs; fhtpak; ghLKd;dH> ,e;j eupiag; nghUshf

itj;JxU E}y;,aw;wpf; fhl;Lf| vd;W fl;lis ,l;lhH vd;Wk;>

clNd NjtUk; xU rpW E}y; ghb mjw;F ~euptpUj;jk;|

vd;Wngaupl;Lj; jk; MrpupaUf;Ff; fhl;bdhH vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLtH.

mJ eupapd; nraiyf; nfhz;L ePjpia tw;GWj;Jk; E}y;.

E}ypd;rpwg;gpid mwpe;j MrpupaH> ~,dp ePapH epidj;jgbNa

ngUq;fhg;gpak; nra;f| vd;W gzpf;f mg;gzpiaj;

jiyNkw;nfhz;L> mf;fhg;gpaj;jpw;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghb

toq;FkhW Ntz;bdhH vd;Wk;> MrpupaUk;> ~nrk;nghd;

tiuNkw;gRk;nghd;| vd;W njhlq;Fk; ghl;ilg; ghbf; nfhLj;jhH

vd;Wk;> gpd;dHj; jpUj;jf;f NjtH> ~%tH Kjyh cyfk;|

vd;Dk;flTs; tho;j;ijg; ghbf; fhg;gpaj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhH vd;Wk;

Fwpg;gpLtH.

6.6. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; ehk; ,f;$wpd; %ykhfr; rPtf rpe;jhkzp vd;Dk; E}ypd;

,yf;fpa tuyhw;iwAk; jpUj;jf;f NjtH gw;wpa nra;jpfisAk;

mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;.

6.7. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. rPtf rpe;jhkzpapd; E}y; mikg;gpid Gyg;gLj;Jf

2. jpUj;jf;fNjtH Fwpj;j nra;jpfis jUf.

6.8. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. rPtfrpe;jhkzp – Qh. khzpf;fthrfd; ciu>

kzpthrfH gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 1

114

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



$$WW..77--rrPPttffrrppee;;jjhhkkzzpp--NNffkkrruuppaahhuu;; ,,yykk;;ggffkk;;

7.1. NfkrupahH ,yk;gfk; fijr;RUf;fk;

gy;yt ehl;il tpl;L ePq;fpa rPtfd;> rpj;jpu $lk; vd;Dk;

jtg;gs;spiar; rhHe;jhd;. mq;fpUe;j jt KdptHfSf;F

ey;YgNjrk; nra;jUsp> mtHfisj; jpUe;JkhW nra;J> gpd;> jf;f

ehl;Lj; jiyefuhd NfkkhGuj;ij mile;jhd;. me; efuj;Js;

rpwe;j tzpfd; Rgj;jpud;. mtd; kidtp epg;Gjp@ kfs; Nfkrup.

mts; gpwe;jNghJ rhjfk; fzpj;jtHfs;> ',ts; ve;j Mltidf;

fz;L ehzk; nfhs;fpwhNsh me;j MltNd ,tSf;Ff;

fztdhthd;' vdf; $wpapUe;jdH. mjdhy; Rgj;jpud; gyiuAk; jd;

kidf;F mioj;J tpUe;jspj;J cgrupj;J te;jhd;. MapDk;

Nfkrup ahiuAk; fz;L ehzk; nfhs;stpy;iy> xU ehs; Rgj;jpud;>

mUfd; Nfhapypy; rPtfidr; re;jpj;J mtdJ moiff;fz;L

tpae;J jd;dpy;yj;jpw;F mioj;J te;jhd;. mg;nghOJ Nfkrup

rPtfidf; fz;L ehzKw;Wf; fhjy; nfhz;lhs;. Rgj;jpud;

kfpo;e;jhd.; rPtfd; - Nfkrup jpUkzk; rpwg;ghf eilngw;wJ.

mtSlDk; rPtfd; ,uz;L jpq;fNs jq;fpapUe;J gpupe;J nrd;whd;.

nry;Yk;NghJ vjpupy; te;j xUtDf;F mwpTiu $wp

mzpfyd;fisf; nfhLj;jhd;. gpupthw;whikahy; tUe;jpa

Nfkrupf;Fj; jha; epg;Gjp MWjy; $wpdhs;. NfkrupAk;

Mw;wpapUe;jhs;.

7.2 rPtfdpd; fhl;L topg;gazk; thdpd; toq;Fk; tz; if kzp nra; Mu khHgpd;

NjDk; toq;Fk; igk; jhH tpiria rpWtd; Njk; nfhs;

ehdk; toq;Fk; Nfhij iea nta;a Ma

fhdk; toq;fy; Nktp fhypd; VfpdhNd

Nkfk; Nghyf; nfhil nfhLf;Fk; ifapidAk;>

Kj;Jf;fshyhd khiyia mzpe;j khHgpidAk;> Njd; rpe;Jk;

khiyapidAk; cila> tpriaapd; kfdhd rPtfd;> tz;Lfs;

jq;Fk; GDF fkOk; khiyia cilatshd gJik tUj;jk;

mila> nfhLik epiwe;j fhLfspy; fhyhy; ele;J nrd;whd;.

tpy;yplk; cs;s ehzpd; KWf;F me;j tpy; mopAk;tiu jPuhJ.

mJ Nghyj; jhk; ,wf;Fk; tiu mopahj jpUe;jpa fw;gpid

cila kfspuplk;> jhd; mzpe;j ,iy fye;j kyH khiy nra;j

Jd;gk; ePq;f mk; kfspUila nfhq;iffisj; jd; fz;fshy;

115


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

cw;Wg; ghHj;J> gpwF mizj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Njhs;fis

cilatdhd rPtfd;> kiyfis ,ilNa nfhz;l fhl;il

mile;J kfpo;r;rpNahL nrd;whd;. goq;fs; epiwe;j thiof;

fhl;bNy> fupa ikiag; g+rp itj;jJ Nghd;w mofpy;yhj

Kfq;fis cila Fuq;FfSk; KR vdg;gLk; fUq;Fuq;FfSk;

rPtfidf; fz;L gae;J Xbd. mtw;wpd; mr;rk; mfYkhW

mUNshL ghHj;jthW rPtfd; nry;Yk; mt;topapd; Kd;Nd FspHe;j

nts;spa miyfs; epiwe;j fliyg; Nghy> elg;gjw;F ,dpikahd

xU fhL Njhd;wpaJ. Ntl;if nfhz;L ePiug; gUFgtHfisg; Nghy

MHtj;NjhL jOtp> nghUs; jPHe;jTlNd jk;ik ehba Mltiug;

gpupAk; kzk; fkOk; $e;jiyj; nfhz;l Ntrpfisg; Nghy>

nkha;f;Fk; ,ay;Gs;s tz;Lfs;> mofpa kyHf; nfhb rhAk;gb

jOtp ,dpa Njidg; gUfptpl;L> Njd; jPHe;jTld; mijg; gpupe;J

mUNf epd;W J}w;Wtijg; Nghy Muthupf;f> rPtfd; mijg;

ghHj;Jf; nfhz;Nl nkJthfr; nrd;whd;.

7.3. rPtfd; jtg;gs;spia miljy; Gy;Yk; my;ypAk; NghF caH ePs; fio

ney;Yk; ePH tpis NfoYk; NjhiuAk;

my;y jPk; gok; fha; fpoq;F Mjpah

ey;yNt EfHthH gs;sp ez;zpdhd;

,t;thW nrd;w rPtfd; ,iwtid vspjhf tho;j;jp tyk;

nra;Jtpl;L> KdptHfs; thOk; rpj;jpu$lk; Kd;Nd cs;sJ vd;W

RjQ;rzd; $wpajhy; mjidf; fhz tpUk;gpj; jdpNa nrd;W>

KdptHfs; tho;fpd;w xU FspHr;rp nghUe;jpa kyhg;nghopypy;

cs;s gs;spiaf; fz;lhd;. Gy;yuprp> my;ypf;fhapy; cs;s muprp>

kpf caHe;j %q;fpy; muprp> ePupy; tpisfpd;w Fsj;J ney;> Njhiu

vd;Dk; ney; Mfpatw;iwAk;> ,itay;yhjitahd ,dpagok;>

fha;> fpoq;F KjyhditAkhd ey;y czTg; nghUs;fisNa

cz;gtuhd KdptHfs; thOk; gs;spiar; rPtfd; mile;jhd;.

mq;Fs;s KdptHfs; mupa Nfhl;ghLfisf; nfhz;ltH@ epiwe;j

Ie;J jPf;fspd; eLtpy; ,Ue;J tPl;Lyif tisj;jpLk; ngUik

cilatH@ tpsf;fkhd ehd;kiwfisg; gapd;w ehitg; ngw;wtH@

tpsf;fkw;w ,j;njhopyhd fhkj;njhopiyr; rpe;ijapy; nfhz;ltH.

ts;spf; fpoq;fhfpa RitkpFe;j czTk;> kiyapy; cs;s

thioapd; NjHe;njLj;j ,dpa goKk; Mfpa ,tw;Ws; rpytw;iwj;

je;j gpwF> kpFjpahd ePiug; nghopAk; Nkfk; Nghd;wtNd! tpUe;J

116

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



cz;ghahf! vd;W $wp> rPtfid kfpo;e;J cgrupj;jdH. ",e;jr;

rPtfd; vy;yhf; fiyfSk; epiwe;j fy;tpia cilatd;>

cz;ikg; nghUisf; Nfl;lwpe;jtd;. ,tdplKs;s mf;fy;tp>

Nfs;tpfis ehKk; mwpNthk;" vd;W vz;zp> jk; caHe;j

fl;Liufspy; xd;wpuz;il ciuj;jdH.

7.4. rPtfd; Kdptu;fSf;F cgNjrpj;jy; IaH $wYk; mz;zYk; $Wthd;

irak; g+z;L rKj;jpuk; ePe;Jthd;

ca;ANky; njhlHg;ghl;bd; ,q;F ahitAk;

va;jpdhHfSk; ca;g vd;W Xjpdhd;

mq;Fs;s KdptHfs; rpy fl;Liufs; $w> rPtfDk; jd;

fUj;ijf; $wpdhd;. fy;iyf; fOj;jpNy fl;bf;nfhz;L flypNy

ePe;Jgtd; gpiog;ghd; vd;why;> ,t;Tyfpy; fhk EfHr;rpNahL $lNt

tpujq;fis Nkw; nfhz;ltHfSk; gpiog;gH" vd;W gy E}y;fisr;

rhd;W fhl;br; rPtfd; Xjpdhd;. tPL ngWtjw;fhfr; riliar;

rpwg;ghf tsHj;jy; clk;igf; fhtp epwk; Cl;ba MilahNy

NghHj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; kz;ilNahl;ilf; iff; nfhs;Sjy; jdpNa

,Uj;jy; vd;W $wg;gLk; ,j; jd;ikait> rpwg;gw;w gpwtpf;F

tpijahFk; vd;W rhd;NwhH $WtH vd;W rPtfd; xjpdhd;.

mq;Fs;s KdptHfs;> " fhisNa! ehq;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l top ey;y

top ,Jty;yhjjhd eP $wpa top J}a;ikaw;w top. mjid

ehq;fs; njupe;jpUf;fpNwhk; jpUkhy; $wpa ,e;j topapNy jPik

,Ue;jhy; mij eP $Wf" vd;W Nfl;f > rPtfd; gpd; tUkhW

tpsf;fpdhd;. jpUkhy; vq;fSf;F> fhAk; fdpfSk; cz;gjdhy;

ey;yit my;yhj tpidfs; vy;yhk; epy;yhky; ePq;Fk; vd;W

ciuj;jhH vd;W ePq;fs; $WfpwPHfs;. mt;thwhdhy;> caHe;j ePz;l

kuq;fspNy njhq;Ffpd;w rpwe;j rpwFfis cila xLq;Fk;

,ay;igf; nfhz;l ntsthy;fs;> mUfpy; cs;s goq;fis

cz;gjhy; mtw;wpd; gotpidfs; ePq;Fk; my;yth?.>“ my;ypf;fhapy;

cs;s muprpiaAk; Gy;yuprpiaAk; rhg;gpl;L jpUkhy; $wpa

newpapNy Nehw;gjdhy; jPtpidfs; ePq;Fk; vd;why; nfhba ntk;ik

cila fhl;bNy fw;fis cz;L thOk; Gwhf;fs; ahTk;> jk;ikg;

gpzpj;j ,U tpidfisg; Gwq;fz;L ntw;wp ngWk; my;yth?

ehq;fs; ePz;l ril Kbia cilatHfshf> ePupNy Fspj;J>

epyj;jpNy jq;fp tho;e;J tUj;jpa clk;igg; ngw;wjhNy rpwe;j

tPl;ilg; ngWNthk;' vd;why;> fub fhl;bNy nrd;W> Fsj;jpNy

117


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Fspj;J tho;tjhy; mJ mf; fhl;bypUe;Nj tPl;il mila

Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW fub miltjpy;iy. mjdhy; ckJ nghUsw;w

ciuia tpLq;fs;" vd;W rPtfd; Xjpdhd;. ,irf;fiy tsHfpd;w

,dpa nkhop NgRk; kfspUld; JapYk; mofpa nky;ypa

gLf;ifia tpLj;Jr; nrd;W> ,iyfshy; %lg;gl;l Fbirfspy;>

ngUepyNk gLf;ifahf> me;j kfspupd; nfhq;if tsHe;j

khHgpidj; jOtpdhy; tpidfs; ahTk; mopAk; vd;why; kiyapy;

thOk; FwtHfSf;Fk; mf;nfhba tpidfs; ahTk; mopAk;

my;yth?" vd;W rPtfd; Xjpdhd;. “ Ez;zpa Mil vupe;J

moptjw;F mQ;rp> neUg;ig me;j Milf;Fs;Ns itj;J %b>

mijf; nfhz;LNgha; kiwthd ,lj;jpy; itj;jhy;> mg; nghq;Fk;

neUg;G Miliar; Rl;L vupf;fhky; tpl;L tpLkh? fOj;jpNy

GDifg; g+rpAs;s kfspupd; fhtYila tPl;il ePq;fpf; fhl;Lf;Fr;

nrd;W> mq;F Kd;G nra;j fytpj; njhopiyNa Nkw;nfhz;L

ghtj;ijg; Nghf;f epidj;jhy;> Nghf;f KbAkh? KbahJ vd;W

rPtfd; Xjpdhd;. fhkNehapy; KjpHr;rp ngw;w Fuq;ifg; Nghyf;

fhkEfHr;rpia Nehf;f Ntz;lhk.; fha;KjpHr;rp ngw;why; fdpahfp

tpOtijg; Nghy KjpHr;rpailAk; ,t;Tlk;G tpOe;J tpLk;. %q;fpy;

Kw;wp tsHe;j ,e;jf; fhl;bNy> fhkid ntd;w mUff; flTspd;

cUtj;Jld; epd;W tpsf;fKw ,g;nghONj Njhw;Wr; nrd;W>

Kw;wpa nrhHf;f ,d;gj;ij ngw;W> mDgtpg;gij tpUk;Gq;fs;"

vd;W rPtfd; Xjpdhd;. “Qhdk; vd;gJ> cz;ikia mwptJ. fhl;rp

vd;gJ mt;thW mwpe;j nghUs;fisg; ngha;apd;wpj; njspe;J

ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ. xOf;fk; vd;gJ Ik;nghwpfisAk;

Ik;Gyd;fspy; nry;yhky; jLj;J> capiuf; nflhky; mt;TapH

ca;Ak; tifapy; elg;gJ| ,k;%d;Wk; xOf;fKk; ( Kk;kzpfs; )

,g;gb epiwe;j nghONj ,UtpidAk; nfLk; " vd;W rPtfd;

Xjpdhd;. kiy Nghd;wtdhd rPtfd; ,t;thW $wpaijf; Nfl;L>

ey;tpid te;jilAk; gf;Ftk; ngw;w KdptHfs; jk; kidtpaiuj;

Jwe;J> ",d;W jhq;fs; cd;dhy; mwpTz;lhf;fg; gl;Nlhk;" vd;W

$wp> vOe;J nrd;W> fhkid ntd;w mUfdpd; jpUtbia mile;J

tPl;il milAk; ey;topapy; Nrug; ngw;wdH. mr;rkak; #upad;

kiwe;jhd.; rPtfDk; ,isg;Gj; jPHe;jhd;. ,t;thW

,isg;ghwpagpwF> ,Us; kiwe;j tpbaw;fhiyapy;> Fw;wj;jpypUe;J

tpLgl;ltHfshd KdptHfs; topfhl;bajhy;> Nky; cyfj;jpy;

,y;yhj Nkd;ik kpf;f cz;ik ,yf;fzk; nghUj;jpa clk;ig

118

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



cilatdhd rPtfd;> nry;y Ntz;ba jpirAk; mq;Nf cs;s

MWk; njupe;J nfhz;L nrd;whd; .

7.5. rPtfd; jf;f ehl;il miljy ; glk; Gide;J vOjpa tbtpy; gq;fa

jlk; gy joP,aJ jf;f ehL mJ

tlk; nfO tU Kiy kfspH khik Nghd;W

,lk; ngupJ ,dpJ mjd; vy;iy va;jpdhd;

xg;gid nra;J jPl;lg;gl;l Xtpaj;jpd; tbtk; Nghd;w

jhkiuf; Fsk; gy #o;e;jJk; Kj;Jtlk; nghUe;jpa tsUk;

nfhq;ifia cila kfspupd; moF Nghy mDgtpg;gjw;F kpfTk;

,dpikahdJk;> ' jf;fehL ' vd;Dk; ngaiu cilaJkhd

ehl;bd; vy;iyiar; rPtfd; mile;jhd;. ,dpa Fsj;jpy; cs;s

mofpa kyH tpupe;J ntspg;gLj;jpa kzKk;> kyiu mzpe;j

$e;jiy cila kfspH g+rpa re;jd thrKk;> mfpw;Gif fye;j

kzKk;> me;j ehl;bd; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; jq;fpapUj;jyhy; mJ

jf;f ehL vd;Dk; ngaiug; ngw;wJ. me;jj; jf;f ehL> rz;gf

kyHfshy; njhLf;fg; gl;l kzk; kpFe;j khiyAk;> kzf;Fk;

re;jdKk;> rpwe;j ghf;Fk;> mofpa ntw;wpiyAk;> cz;Zk; czTk;

vd;Dk; ,tw;iw> vy;yhHf;Fk; Fiwtpy;yhky; ngw;wpUg;gJ> tsKk;

GfOk; tha;e;j jf;f ehl;bd; ,ay;G ,j;jifaNj. fUk;igg;

ngw;Ws;s tsj;ij cila taypy;> mofhd jhkiu kyH rha;e;J

tug;;igr; NrHe;jpUf;f> mj; jhkiuapd; ntw;wpapNy fple;j nre;new;

fjpH> muq;fpNy Mguzk; mzpe;J tUk; ehlf kfspupd; mofpa

new;wpapNy tz;Lfs; #o;e;j jiyf; Nfhyk; vd;Dk; mzpfydpd;

Njhw;wk; Nghyj; jpfo;e;jJ.

7.6. NfkkhGuj;jpd; vopy; tz;Lfs; thOk; tise;j ePHj;Jiwapy; fd;dpahfpa

thiskPdpd; Nky;> ez;bd; efk; gl;lJ. mjdhy; me;j this

eLf;fk; mile;J> ehzj;jhy; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L> czit

ntWj;J> xLq;fpapUf;Fk; ePiuj; jd;dplk; ngw;Ws;s mfop #o;e;j

NfkkhGuk; vd;Dk; efuj;jpd; ,ay;ig ,dp ,ak;GNthk.; kjpy;

vd;Dk; nry;tpf;F> Njhz;b mikf;fg;gl;l mfopNa mofhd Mil@

kjpypd; mbapy; cs;s MNshbfs; Mfpa ghk;GupfNs> Gfoj;jf;f

Nkfyhguzk;> kjpypd;Nky; cs;s Qhapy; vd;Dk; cUg;Ng>

mzpfs; mzpe;j nfhq;if@ tpsq;Fk; mofpa NfhGuNk> jpq;fisg;

Nghy xsptpLk; Kfk;@ ePz;l nfhbNa kapH Kb vd;W mwpe;NjhH

119


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$WtH. me;j xsp tPRk; nghd; kjpy;> kj;juk; vd;Dk; kiyiag;

ghw;flypy; fhl;bf; file;J mKj;jij Cl;bdhYk;> me;j

mKjj;Jf;fhf Mirg;gl;L me;j efiu tpl;L ePq;FgtHfs; ,y;iy.

Mjyhy;> <l;lg;gl;l tsk; kpFe;j nry;tk; NrHe;jpUf;Fk;

mg;ngupaefuk; efuq;fSf;nfy;yhk; jiyikahdJ vd;W cr;rpr;

#l;L itj;jijg; Nghy; jpfo;e;jJ. Ngnuhypia cila me;j

tsk; kpFe;j efuk;> tPuHfNs vwpAk; RwhkPd;fshfTk; > Ve;jpa

g+q;nfhbfNs klq;fptpOk; miyfshfTk;> kiyiag; Nghd;w

khspiffNs ngupa kuf;fyq;fshfTk;> fpilj;jw;fupa jpUkfs;

Nghd;w kfspNu mKjkhfTk; jpfo MuthuKila fliyg; Nghyj;

jpfo;e;jJ. me;j efuk;> re;jpudpd; jz;Ltlj;ijj; Nja;f;Fk;

cr;rpia cila khspiffisf; nfhz;l ePz;l njUf;fs; NjhWk;>

$e;jy; mtpo;jypd; Kj;J khiyfs; tpOe;J> nghd;dhy;

nra;ag;gl;l rpwe;j mzpfyd;fs; rpe;JtjhNy> epjp miwiaj;

jpwe;J ghHj;jij xj;j xU jd;ik ngw;wJ@ mr;rk;

cz;lhf;Ftjhy; GjpatHfs; mq;Fr; nry;y Kbahj moNfhL

tpsf;fk; ngw;wJ .

7.7. Rgj;jpud; kfs; Nfkrup khR ,yhs; gpwe;j Qhd;Nw kjp tyhd; tpjpapd; vz;zp

fhR ,yhs; fz;l-Ngho;Nj fJnkd ehzg;gl;lhd;

J}R cyhk; my;Fyhl;F Jiztdhk; GzH-kpd; vd;W

Ngrpdhd; md;W nfhz;L ngU tpUe;J Xk;Gfpd;whd;

cyfj;jpw;Fj; jpyfk; itj;jhw; Nghd;wJ NfkkhGuk; vd;Dk;>

Nflw;w ew;Gfo; ngw;w nghd;dfuk;. me;efupy; khiyfs; ePz;l

ntz;nfhw;wf; Filiag; ngw;w> cyfj;jpd; fhtyd; ,Ue;jhd;.

mtNd> mr;re;jUk; NtNye;jpa eugjp Njtd; Mthd;. me; efuj;jpy;

murid xj;j Mz;lifadhfr; Rgj;jpud; tho;e;jhd.; mtd;

tbtj;jpy; xg;gpy;yhjtd;@ Ntj tpjpg;gb thOk; tzpfd;> iff;F

epfuhf mike;j Ntiy Ve;jpatd;. kzk; gug;Gk; khiy R+batd;@

ikG+rpa FspHe;j fz;fisg; ngw;w kfspH kaf;f> mtHfs;

,d;gj;Nj jq;Fthd;. Rgj;jpud; ePz;l tpy; nfhz;L gapw;rp

nra;jyhy; > gUj;J kiyNghyj; Njhd;Wk; NjhisAilatd.; kio

nga;Ak; Kfpiy ntd;w tz;ik kpf ifiaAilatd;> mtDila

kidtp epg;Gjp vd;ghs; Nfkrup vd;Dk; ngz;izg; ngw;nwLj;jhs.;

Nfkrup > gpw kfspupd; rpwe;j moif ntd;wts; vd;W vy;yhj;

jpirfspYk; jd; ngaupd; eyj;ijg; nghwpj;Jg; ngz;ikf;Fg;

120

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



ngUtpsf;fhfp epd;whs;. khrpyhj kq;if Nfkrup gpwe;jNghJ>

Nrhjpld; xUtd;> Kiwahf Muha;e;J> ",ts; fz;lNghNj> ,tis

ehzKwr; nra;gtd;> Milazpe;j my;FiyAila ,tSf;Ff;

fztdhthd;. mtDf;Nf ,tis kzk; nra;J nfhLq;fs;" vd;W

$wpdhd;. md;W Kjy; jd; kfs; MltH gyiuAk; fhz;gjw;fhfg;

ngUtpUe;J mspj;jiyf; iff;nfhz;lhd; Rgj;jpud;.

xU gpbf;Fs; mlq;Fk; ,ilapdhSk;> tis #o;e;j

NjhspdhSkhd Nfkrup> njhq;Fk; igk;nghd; khiy> ngupa

kyHfshy; njhLf;fg;gl;l khiy> tpUg;gk; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; kzpfshy;

nra;ag;gl;l khiy Mfpa ,tw;Wf;fpilNa kpd;diyg; Nghy epd;W>

nrk;nghd; Jizg; nghUe;jp> Co; jdf;Fj; jutpUf;Fk; fztidj;

Njb Nehf;fpdhs;. Nrapioahshd Nfkrupf;Ff; fztdhFk;

jpUkfidf; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf mts; je;ij xt;nthU ehSk;

Mapuj;njl;L ,isQHf;F MuKJ Nghd;w Nrhwspj;J te;jhd;.

,t;tifapy; g+q;nfhb NghYk; nkd;ik ngw;w Nfkrupf;Fg;

gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; nrd;wd. KUf;fkyupd; ,jopy; Fq;Fypfj;ij

Cl;b itj;jhw; Nghd;w> KWtiyAila rpte;j thiaAk;>

jpUkfspd; mofike;j tpUg;ge;jUk; tpopfisAk;> gUj;j

nfhq;iffisAk;> Njd; nghUe;jpa kyHkhiyiaAk;> newpj;j

$e;jiyAk;> moF nra;Ak; nghd;dzpfisAk; ngw;w Nfkrupapd;

tbt KjpHr;rpiaf; fz;L> mtSila jha; nghWf;f Kbahky;

tUe;jpdhs;. Mltiu kUl;Lk; ghHit ngw;w khtLitAk;

kioiaAk; xj;j tpopfisf; nfhz;l kjp Kfj;ijAk;> g+g; Nghd;w

nkd;ikiaAk; ngw;w Nfkrup> xg;gid nra;j moFld;>

jpUkzkpd;wpj; jdpNa gpUg;gijf; fz;L> mk;G gl;l khd; Nghyg;

ghHj;J> iftis RoYk;gb nkype;J epd;whs; Nfkrupapd; jha;>

7.8. rPtfidf; fz;l Rgj;jpud; NfkkhGuk; te;j rPtfidf; fz;lhd; Rgj;jpud;. mtDila

Jilfs; kapUld; nghUe;jp moFld; tpsq;fpd . mit kw;w

cWg;Gf;fisf; fhl;bYk; rpwe;jpUe;jd. gplup xypf;Fk;

,iriaAila mofpa Koit xf;Fk;> thapd; moF> tPuk;

nghUe;jpa Gypapd; thia xf;Fk;. kiy Nghy mfd;w khHgpy;

tupfs; %d;Ws;sd Fw;wkw;w nghd;id nahj;j ehTk;

$HikAila jhapUe;jJ. mupa kiy Nghd;w Njhs;fs; >

NjtHfspd; murdhfpa ,e;jpuDf;Fupa Iuhtjk; vd;Dk; ahidapd;

moF kpf;f Jjpf;ifapd; tbT nfhz;ld. ngupa nghd;kiy

121


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Nghd;w jiytDf;Fj; jhkiug; nkhl;Lg; Nghd;wjha; > tykhfr;

Ropj;J nghUe;jpf; Fope;j ,ay;NghL moNfhL mike;j ehgpAk;

,dpjhfj; Njhd;Wk;. jbj;J tupfs; jpuz;L > nghd;dpw %q;fpyuprp

midatha; ntz; rpW fLFk; Eioa Kbahjgb neUq;fp xsp

nra;Ak; iftpuy;fs;> jk; mstpw;Nfw;w #y; nfhz;l nfspW

vd;Dk; kPspd; moiff; nfLj;jd . Kfj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jpa %f;F>

tapuj; Njhl;bia xj;jJ. ePz;L tpsq;Ffpd;w gw;fisAila tha;

gtoj;ij xf;Fk;. mfq;ifAk;> cs;sq;fhYk; nghUe;jpa jhkiug;

g+it xf;Fk;. Mjyhy; ,td; jpUkfs; fztdhd jpUkhy;

vdj;NjHe;j Rgj;jpud;> ,tNdhL Ngrp ' ,td; jpUkhy; my;yd; '

vdj; njupe;J gpd; rPtfidj; NjupNy mkHj;jp mioj;Jr; nrd;whd;.

,tHfs; ,UtUk; NjupNy te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ> Rgj;jpud;

tPl;bNy> $upa efj;jhy; typa kyur; nra;J njhLj;j xU

nrq;fOePH khiyia> ey;ypir ey;Fk; tPizapy; #l;b

cyFzHe;j flTisg; ngz; nfhbahfpa Nfkrup ghbf;

nfhz;bUe;jhs;. Kj;J ckpOk; fly; ePupd; epwk; ngw;w

kzptz;zDk; %d;W cyFk; gf;jpNahL ghlg; ngWgtDkhfpa

mUfg; ngUkhspd; jpUtbiaf Nfkrup ghbdhs.; mijf; Nfl;l

muk;ig Nghd;w epg;Gjp jd; fUj;Jk; jd; kfs; fUj;Jk;

xj;jpUj;jy; fz;;L ctif mile;J> ,tsoFf;F Vw;w xU

tpj;jfid ,ts; ,g;NghNj mila Ntz;Lk; vd Ntz;bdhs.;

7.9. rPtfd; Rgj;jpud; tPl;il miljy; kz; jpd;DkhW kz;bf; fple;j nry;tj;ijg; ngw;w mg;ngupa

tPl;bDs;> mq;Fs;Nshupd; tUj;jk; ePq;fg; nghypNthL rPtfd; GFe;j

NghJ> fy;Jizg; Nghd;w Nfkrupapd; ghHitAk; xd;wpg; nghUe;jpd.

rPtfidf; fz;lTlNd Nfkrupapd; if tisfs; mts; fhybapy;

tPo;e;J kz;zpNy nghUe;jpd. khikAk; cs;spUe;j epiuAk;

ehzKk; nfl;ld> Miria xspUk; jPaha; mts; tsHj;Jf;

nfhz;L > mj; jPahNy mtSk; cUfpdhs;. jpUj;jKw;w

nja;tj;jd;ik kpFe;j mofpa rPtfDf;F mts; Nehf;fk; Jd;gk;

ju> kdNeha; ngw;W tUe;jp> fr;rpdhy; ,Wf;fg;gl;Lj; Jd;gq;

nfhs;Sk; nfhq;ifapidAk; > %q;fpy; NghJk; NjhspidAk;

cila ,ts; jhf;fp tUj;Jk; nja;t kfNsh> khdpl kfNsh vd

IAw;whd;.| ey;y tskpf;f jhkiu ehZk; xsp Kfj;jpNy

nfhy;Yk; njhopypy; ty;y Ntiyg; Nghd;w tpopia cilatshd

Nfkrup tUe;jpdhs; vd;W> NrhHe;j FoiyAila Nfkrupapd;

122

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



NjhopaHfs; ,r;nrhy;iyg; gug;gpatuhfp ky;ypNy ty;y khHgdhk;

rPtfid te;J #o;e;jdH. epidtpy; mlq;fhj ngUq; fw;gpdshfpa

epg;Gjp mq;F te;J> gRf;$l;lj;jpilNa epw;Fk; VW Nghd;w

rPtfdpd; vopiy Nehf;fp> Gdf;nfhb Nghd;w Nfkrupapd; moNfhL

Gz;zpa ek;gpahk; rPtfdpd; moif xg;gpl;Lg; ghHj;J> mt;

ths;fz;zhs; mfd;whs;. rPtfid > thrnea; g+rp > kzpf;

Flj;jpypUe;J njspe;j ePiug; nga;J ePuhl;bdH. ,dpa Gifiaj;

jd;dplk; nfhz;l Milia mtd; mzpe;j gpd;dH> Njd; nrhupAk;

khiyiaAk;> kw;Ws;s mzpfisAk; mtDf;F kfspH

mzptpj;jdH. cz;Zkplj;ijr; re;jdj;jhy; nkOfp > Kj;jhNy

Nfhykpl;ldH . gpd;> Njd; kyHkhiy azpe;j > faw; fz;izg;

ngw;w kfspH rPtfid mioj;Jr; nrd;W cl;GFe;jdH. mofpa

nghw;fyj;jpNy rpwe;j czit mspj;jdH. mtDk;> mtHfs;

Gfo;e;J $w> cz;lhd;. gj;jpahfr; tupirahf nra;ag;gl;l gRe;

jpz;izapd;Nky;> Xtpar; rpwg;Gg; ngw;w ,Uf;ifapNy> myHe;j

khiyazpe;j rPtfd; mkHe;J> Kj;Jkzp Nghd;w fufj;jpypUe;J

thHj;j ePiuf; nfhz;L xOq;fhff; ifayk;gp Kbj;jhd;. xU

KOg; gspq;if mWj;J > mjd; gf;fj;Nj nghd;dplg;gl;l gj;jpapy;>

tpspk;gpy; Kj;Jf;fis mOj;jpa> gtsj; jr;rH iftpidAila>

njspe;j nghd; milg;igapy; ghf;Fk;> kzq;fko; ntw;wpiyAk;> '

KfthrKk;> jdpg;ghFk; nrd;wd.

7.10. rPtfidf; fz;l Nfkrup fz;Zw fhisia fhz;lYk; if tis

kz; cw Njha;e;J mb tPo;e;jd khikAk;

cs; epiw ehZk; cile;jd Ntl;ifAk;

xs; epw jP tpisj;jhs; cUf;Fw;whs;

rPtfd; kzpahw; nra;j Fz;lyk; mire;J xsp tPRk;gb

ntw;wpiyiar; RUl;b nkd;W xspAz;lhFk; gb gy;iyj; Jilj;J>

ckpo;e;J> ,dpik fkOk; thrj;ij cl;nfhz;lhd;. gz;nzhj;j

nrhw;fis milahspd; gue;j Ve;jpa my;Fy;> tz;zKWk;

Nkfiy Mfpa ,it nghUj;jpa Milapd; cs;Ns epiy ngw;W

epd;W Gj;njhsp ckpOfpd;wd. ,it ghtpNaDila fz;izAk;

kdj;ijAk; jkf;F ,Ug;gplkhff; nfhz;ld. vd; cly;

KOtijAk; jd; kzk; fkOk; $e;jypdhy; fl;b eLNt tise;j

typa tpy;yhfpa jd; GUtj;jhy; Gilj;J > tUj;Jk; kyuida

neLq; fz;fshy; capiug; gpse;J> nfhbatSila

123


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

,sq;nfhq;iffs; vd;idf; nfhy;Yk;> nfhy;Yk;.

kzKs;sitaha;> fr;rpdhNy fl;lg;gl;litaha;> nfhba

jd;ikAilaitaha;> Fq;Fkk; g+rg;gl;litaha;> mbaplk; gue;J

Kj;Jfis mzpe;jitaha; tpsq;Fk;> tpUg;ge; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

nfhq;iffs; jk;ikr; Rke;jpUf;Fk; ,ilahfpa ,lj;ijj;

Jd;GWj;Jtdthk;. ,it vd;id vd;d nra;ah? vy;yhj;

Jd;gj;ijAk; jUk;.| fupa epwKiladtha; cs;Ns

kzKiladtha;> fl;b Kbf;fg;gl;ldtha;> filf; FiojYld;

fOj;jpd; Gwj;Nj apUf;Fk; $e;jy; > rpte;j ePz;l> ngupa

tpopfisg; NghyTk; tUj;jk; jUfpd;wd. Muhapd; ,it vy;yhk;

nra;a ty;yd. fhjy; jd;ikiaj; jd; fz;Zs;Ns mlf;fp >

mf;fz; vd;Dk; Jhjpdhy; jhd; fUjpa nghUis vdf;F mwptpj;J>

jd; Rw;wj;jhHf;Fj; jd; fhjy; jd;ik ntspg;glhjthW kiwj;j

Nfkrupapd; Nehf;fk; flypy; Njhd;wpa mKijAk;> ,e;j cyifAk;

jdf;F tpiyahff; nfhs;Sk;. Ky;iy kyH khiyiaAila>

,izahf tpsq;Fk; nta;a nfhq;iffs;> kw;iwa cWg;GfSf;Ff;

nfhlhj> kpFfpd;w typikiaj; jPHj;J Kj;Jf;fis mzpe;J>

kpd;Dk; ,fohj kzpfspy; ey;ydtw;iwf; fiuj;Jf; nfhz;L

vOjp> ey;y nghw;fr;rhfpa Kfglhj;ijAk; itg;g> ,jdhy;

ntspg;gl;Lf; nfhy;y Kbahky; glhj;Js;NsNa epd;W> Misf;

Nfhgpj;J Nehf;fp > cs;sk; mod;W fz; fupe;jd. tz;Lfs;

cz;zf; fw;w $e;jiyAila Nfkrupapd; fz;fs; > Cidj;

jpd;df; fw;w vkdJ ifapYs;s kzpfs; gjpj;j NtyhFk;@ $d;

gpiw Nghd;w GUtk;> xg;gw;w $w;wpd; cUtkhFk;. Ftpe;j

nfhq;iffs;> $w;Wtd; ifapYs;s ghrkhFk; . ,t;thW ,Uf;fTk;

ehd; capH tho Mirg;gLfpNwd; . vdNt ehd; kf;fSf;Fs;Ns

,uq;fj;jf;ftd;. fw;gfkhiyAilacUtpw;F tpsf;fkhk;

nghw;G+q;nfhbahd Nfkrup> jpUkfSf;Fk; KUfDf;Fk; fhkDf;Fk;

vdf;Fk; neUq;fpa rilia Aila rptngUkhDf;Fk; gifahf

,Uf;fpd;whs.;

7.11. rPtfd; Nfkrup jpUkzk; ,b ckpo; vwp jpiu Kof;fpy; gy;ypak;

nfhb mzp tpay; efH FOkp MHj;J vo

fb kzk; ,aw;wpdhH flTs; ehspdhy;

tb kyH Nfhijia ike;jw;F vd;gNt

124

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



fiyj; njhFjpfspd; eyk; gytw;iwAk; mwpe;j rPtfd;>

jd;Nky; md;Gila Nfkrupapd; mofpid ,t;thW epidj;jgb

,Uf;f> Rgj;jpud;> kiyfspd; jpus; Nghd;w kjk; nghUe;jpa

ahidfisAila murDf;Fk;> jd; Rw;wj;jhHf;Fk; njupAk;gb kdr;

nra;jpia mwptpj;jhd;. nfhbazpe;j ngUefupy; > ey;y ehspy;

rPtfDf;Ff; Nfkrupia ,bapd; xypAk; miyfly; Kof;fKk;

Nghyg; gy jpUkz thj;jpaq;fs; xypf;fj; jpUkzk; nra;J

nfhLj;jdH. kzpahw; nra;j Flj;ij mOj;jp itj;jhw; Nghd;w

NjhisAila rPtfdJ> cUt mofpw;Ff; $wg;gl;l E}ypy;

ty;ytHf;Fk; Gfo ,lk; nfhlhj mofpid> mzpfSf;F ,lkhd

Nfkrupapd; xspUk; moFlNd gpzpj;jjhy;> mtd; EfHe;j ,d;gk;

ePq;fhjjhapw;W. mofpa Mil ngUk; miyahf> ngupa>

tpUg;g%l;Lk; nfhq;if Ve;jpa kiyahf> jdJ ,uf;fk; ePupd;

mirthf> typa ,U Njhs;fSk; ghk;ghff; nfhz;L mts;

filjypdhy; mf;fhkf; fly; mtDf;F mKjk; <e;jJ.

rPtfDila khiyfs; mtd; khHgpypUe;j re;jdr;

Nrw;wpilNa Fioe;J cilAk;gb> kyHkhiyazpe;j neba

$e;jiyAk; grpa tisay;fisAk; ngw;w Nfkrupapd;> rupahj

nfhq;iffs; KOFkhW gha;jyhy; mofpa rpyk;Gk; my;FypypUe;j

NkfiyAk; tha;tpl;L Muthuk; nra;jd. mtSila khiyAk;

$e;jYk; Fiya> Ftpe;j nfhq;ifNky; mzpe;j thr khiyapd;

kyHfs; rpe;j> mzpfyDk; fly; Kj;Jk; gpzq;fp xd;wpy; xd;W

%o;fg; GzHjypdhy; fhjYk; fspg;Gk; kpff; nfhz;L> ,uTk; gfYk;

gpupahjtuha;> ,wg;Gk; gpwg;Gk; mw;w jd;ik cila NjtHfisg;

Nghd;wtuhapdH. Copdhy; md;G kpf;ftuhd xg;gid nra;j

khiyazpe;j rPtfDk;> kyuzpe;j nfhb Nghd;w NfkrupAk;> rpwe;j

kyHr; NrhiyapYk;> FspHe;j Fsj;jpYk; Mb> RidapYs;s

Ftisiag; gwpj;J kyH #o;e;j fz;zpahfr; nra;J> GzHr;rpr;

rpwg;ig EfHe;J tho;e;jdH.

7.12. rPtfd; Nfkrup ,U jpq;fs; ,d;GWjy; nghope;J cF fhjy; g+z;L Gy;Yif tplhJ nry;y

fope;jd ,uz;L jpq;fs; fhisAk; kw;NwhH ehshy;

gpope;J nfhs;T mida ngz;ik nga; tis Njhsp-

jd;NdhL

mope;J tPo; mUtp Fd;wpy; Ma; kyH fhT Gf;fhd;

125


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

epiwe;J Gwj;Jk; Njhd;Wfpd;w fhjy; nfhz;L> ,t;thW

,izjiyf; iftplhJ tho> ,uz;L khjq;fs; nrd;wd.

tbj;njLj;jhw; Nghd;w ngz;ikiaAila> tisazpe;j

Njhspdhshfpa NfkrupAld; rPtfd;> ngUfp tpOk; mUtpiaAila

kyHr; Nrhiyapy; GFe;jhd;. nghd;dpwf; fha;fis cila fKFk;

nghd; Nghd;w fdpfisg; ngw;w thioAk; #og;ngw;W

g+q;fpisAila RuGd;id kuKk;> jPk;G kuKk; nghUe;jpa fUg;g+ur;

NrhiyapNy> khq;fpisfspy; kapy;fs; Ml> rz;gfg; g+f;fs;

rpe;Jfpd;w ,dpa Ris ngw;w Fd;wpNy rpwg;Gw Vwpdhd;. jpid

tpise;j Gdj;jpNy rpte;j thiaAila rpwpa fpspfisf; Nfkrup

Xl;l> mofpa tisazpe;j mtsJ Fuiyf; fpspapd; FuyhfNt

fUjp mit Nghftpy;iy mjdhy; mf;Nfhijahs; ehzp nghd;dup

khiyahy; Xl;l> mg;NghJk; mit Nghftpy;iy. xypf;Fk;

foyzpe;j rPtfd; mijf; fz;L jhNd nrd;W mf; fpspfis

Xl;bdhd;. vupAk; moy; nfhz;l Nty;Nghd;w fz;fspdhy; vd;

capiuf; nfhs;is nfhz;l kyHf;nfhk;Ng> nrt;tpa jioapidAk;

khiyapidAk; Ve;jp epd; rpw;wbfis tzq;f te;Njd; ,dp

capUldpUe;J epd; Vty; nra;Ak; flik ngw;NwNdh?

clk;igtpl;L ,we;J tpLNtNdh? ige;jio ALj;j my;Fy;

ghitNa> Nkw;$wpa ,uz;by; xd;iw mUs;f" vd;W mtisg;

Gfo;e;jhd;. tPizAk; Nta;q;FoYk; ghYk; mKjKk; fUk;Gk;

NjDk;> ,d;dpir jUk; ahOk; ,d;Ritf; fspAk; Mfpa ,tw;iw

vy;yhk; ntd;w fpspNghy; NgRk; tzpf kfspH Kjy; nfl fhupak;

nra;ahH vd;W njspe;J mtsJ g+zzpe;j nfhq;iffs; tpk;kj;

jOtp ,d;g eyk; gUfpdhd;. gpiwr; re;jpud; nrt;thdj;NjapUe;J

xspu;tJ Nghy;> Fq;Fkk; mzpe;j khHgpy; G+z;l fjpH tPRk; Kj;J

khiy kpsWk;gb jdpa NfkrupAld; ,Ue;jNghJ> kzkyH

khiyapdhd; > tz;ilf; fz;L ,uT gpupaf; fUjp xU nkhop

ciuj;jhd.; fupa tz;Nl> eP ,k;khjupd; kyH khiyapy; Njidg;

gUf te;jNghJ> mq;Fs;s epd; ngil tz;L mq;NfNa ,wthkYk;>

tUj;jk; ,d;wpAk; ,Uf;FNkh? epd; ngil tz;L ,we;jhy; ePAk;

,we;J tpLtha; vd;gijf; fUjp> cd;dplj;jpYs;s njhopiy

KjypNyNa jd;dplj;Jf; nfhs;shikahy;> ,we;J tplhky;

Mw;wpapUf;Fk; my;yth" vd;whd; rPtfd;. fjputd; fhiyapy;

Fotpaha;g; gpwe;J> ez;gfypy; Fkudhfp ntk;ik kpFe;J>

khiyapy; Mir ePq;fpa Kjpatdhfpr; rpwe;j fjpHfs; rpwg;gpoe;J

126

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



nfl;L> Nkw;wpirapy; tpOjypd;> rPtfd;> KuYk; tz;L

CjpahbayHe;j ky;ypif khiyiar; #l;b> Foypir Nghd;w

nkhopahs; NfkrupNahL tskhd mfpw;Gif g+l;lg;gl;l mkspia

mile;jhd;. jpUkfs; ciwAk; khHgpddhd rPtfdJ mofpa

khiy fyf;FjyhNy ,d;g Ntjid aile;J ,isj;j Nfhijahk;

Nfkrup > rpwe;j xspnghUe;jpa ngUq; fz;fshfpa ePyj;ijf;

Ftpj;j mstpy; tpop %baTld; mg;nghd; Nghd;whis ePq;ff; fUjp

mkspapypUe;J vOe;J gtoj;jhyhfpa typa jhiog; ngw;w

gytif kzpfs; gjpj;j fjit mile;jhd; rPtfd;.

7.13. rPtfd; Nfkrupia tpl;Lg; gpupjy ; my;ypAs; ghit md;dhs; mwpTwh tifapd; xw;wp

nky;yNt jpwe;J ePf;fp kpd;Dtpl;L ,yq;F igk; g+z;

nfhy; rpd klq;fy; md;dhd; nfhO epjp khlk; ePe;jp

gy; fjpH gUjp Nghy gha; ,Us; VfpdhNd

xsp tPrpj; jpfOk; mzpfs; mzpe;j nfhy;Yk; rpdKila

rpq;fk; Nghd;w rPtfd;> jhkiu kyupy; cs;s jpUkfs; Nghd;w

Nfkrup mwpahjthW> nky;yj; jhioj; js;spf; fjitj; jpwe;J>

tskpFe;j nry;tj;ij cila khlq;fisf; fle;J> epiwe;j

fjpHfisAila #upaidg; Nghyr; nrwpe;j ,UspNy nrd;whd;. xsp

tpsq;Fk; mzpfs; mzpe;j ngha;ifapy; cs;s> jz;ilAila

jhkiu kyH Nghd;w moFld; tpsq;Fk; Kfj;jpidAila Nfkrup>

jd; tsUk; nfhq;iffspd;Nky; gbj;J> ehs;NjhWk; tsHfpd;w

gpiwkjp Nghd;W ,d;gk; jUk; fhjyidf; fhzhJ tUe;jpdhs.;

fdtpy; mts; Nghff; fz;lhs;.

7.14. Nfkrupapd; gpupTj;Jau; fdp nfhs; fhkk; fye;J capH xd;wypd;

,dpaH kq;ifaH vd;gJ $Wtha;

gdp nfhs; kh kjp Nghy; grg;G Cu ahd;

jdpas; MtJ jf;fJNth nrhyha;

muj;jhy; muhTjyhy; cz;lhfpa nghd; J}s; Nghd;w Njky;

glHe;j nfhq;ifiaAila Nfkrupia ePq;fpa rPtfd;> mq;qdk;

,utpy; nry;y> xsp tpsq;Fk; tisazpe;J nkype;j nkd;ikahd

NjhSila> tuk; jUk; nja;tj;ijg; Nghd;w Nfkrup> ,Uz;l

,utpy; jd; fz;l fdthy; Jhf;f kaf;fk; ePq;fp> tpopj;J vOe;J>

vq;Fk; Njbg; ghHj;Jf; fztidf; fhzhJ kpfTk; tUe;jpdhs;.

mofpa kzpfs; gjpj;j nrk;nghd;dhyhfpa g+q;nfhb Nghd;w Nfkrup

127


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jd; fz;zpd; fUkzpg; ghit Nghd;w fztd; kiwe;J nrd;w

,lj;ijf; fhzhjtsha; khlj;jpy; vupAk; kzptpsf;fpd; xspiaj;

Njb miye;J> xU ehfg; ghk;G jd; mupa khzpf;fkzpia ,oe;J

tUe;Jtijg; Nghy; tUe;jpdhs;. IaNd! eP vq;Nf ,Uf;fpd;wha;@

ehd; cd;idg; gpupe;J jdpahf ,Uf;f mQ;RfpNwd;@ ePz;l

Njhs;fis cilatNd> ,g;NghNj cliy tpl;L vd; capH

Nghfj; Jzpfpd;wJ @ vdNt ehd; epiwaope;Njd; Mjyhy; vd;

jiytNd! vd;id te;J jOtpf; nfhs;f" vd;W Njd; NghYk;

,dpa nrhw;fshy; nrhy;yp tUe;jpdhs;. md;G fspe;j fhjy;

capNuhL xd;wp cwthLk; NghJ kq;ifaH ,dpikAilahH vd;W

Kd;G eP $wpdha;! mt;thW $wpa ePNa> ,g;NghJ> gdp %ba

KOkjp Nghyg; griy glHe;J ehd; Jd;Gw vd;idj; jdpNa

jtpf;f tpLtJ cdf;Fj; jFjpjhdh? nrhy; vd;W nrhy;yp

tUe;jpdhs;.

IaNd! cd;id ehbr; nry;Yk; vd; neQ;Rld; if tisAk;

foYk;> fz;fSk; kaq;fp ehw;GwKk; RoYk;> clYk; cUFk;

nghd;Nghy; nfhjpj;J cUFfpd;wJ@ mjdhy; nghWf;f KbahJ

Jd;GWfpd;Nwd;@ epoiyg; Nghy ePj;jw;fupa fhjiyAk; eP

iftpl;lhNah? vd;W nrhy;yp tUe;jpdhs;. Muha;e;J njhLj;j

ky;ypif khiyia ehd; tpUk;gpr; #bDk;> NgijNa! g+q;nfhb

Nghd;w cd; nky;ypil tUe;Jk; ' vd;W $Wk; tQ;rfNd! ,g;NghJ

ehd; fUfp tUe;j> mij eP fhz;gjw;Fk; typikAiliaNah? vdr;

nrhy;yp tUe;jpdhs;. ,tsJ njhz;ilf; fdp mida

nrt;thiaAk;> njha;apy; nfhb vOjpa nfhq;ifiaAk; fz;L

gpukDk; kdk; tUe;Jthd; vd;W Kd;dpiyg; Gwnkhopahf Kd;dHg;

Gfo;e;J $WthNa> Njd; epiwe;J topAk; khiy mzpe;jtNd! eP

Kd;G tz;bidg; ghHj;Jf; $wpa nkhopapd; nghUis ehd;

czHe;J nfhs;shJ NghNdNd" vd;W nrhy;yp tUe;jpdhs;.

tpy; ty;NyhNd! vd; capHf;Fj; JizahdtNd! Cly;

jPHe;J vd; khHigj; jOt epidg;gpd;> jiuapNy cd; jiyiaj;

jho;j;jp vd; fhy;fis md;Gld; jlTtha;! mj;jifa eP ,g;NghJ

vd;idg; Gwf;fzpj;Jr; nry;yf; fhuzk; ahnjhd;W

njupatpy;iyNa@ njupa mUStha;!" vd;W nrhy;yp> tUe;jpdhs;..

fly; Kj;Jkhiyazpe;j nfhq;iffspdhy;> jd; khHgpy; vt;tsT

,lk; cz;Nlh mt;tstpYk; NjhAk;gb ehd; jOt> vd;NdhL

ciwfpd;wtd;> ,dp kPz;Lk; vd;dplj;jpy; tutpy;iyahdhy; ehd;

128

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



,d;Dk; capH thOk; epiyik mwpahikNa ahFk;" vd;W nrhy;yp

tUe;jpdhs;. eWkzkpf;f khiyazpe;jtNd ! vd;dplj;jpy;

fhl;ba md;gpdhNy vd; Rw;wj;jhH vd;id ehs;NjhWk; ngWfpd;w

md;Gilats; vd;W $Wtjy;yhky;> FiwAk; md;Gilats; vd;W

$Wthupy;iy. vdNt cd;id epidj;J> cUFk; vYk;GlNd kdk;

mopfpd;w vdf;F > mUs; Gupa tUtha;." vd;W nrhy;yp

tUe;jpdhs;. jpidg; Gdj;jpy; thOk; kapNy> nghopNy> ePH kpFe;j

ngha;ifNa> moF nghUe;jpa RuGd;id kuNk> kiyNa> flNy>

gy;tif kzpfshy; Md mofpa mzpfis mzpe;j vd;

fztid ehd; milNtdh? cq;fisg; Nghw;wp tzq;FfpNwd; >

mtd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij ciug;gPuhf vd;W nrhy;yp tUe;jpdhs.;

tise;j ntk;ikahd tpy;ypypUe;J tUk; mk;gpDk; nfhbajhfpa>

es;spuT nra;Ak; tUj;jk; ngupjhapUf;fpd;wJ. ePz;l

xspf;fjpHfisAila ntz;zpyTk; gpupe;jpUj;jw;F ,uq;fhJ

vd;id tUj;Jk;. ,t;tsT Jd;gj;jpw;Fk; vdf;Fj; Jizahf

,Ue;J> mwf;flTNs! mUs; nra;akhl;lhNah? vd;W nrhy;yp

tUe;jpdhs;.

fz; kyHfNs! mtd;> ' ,f; fz;fs; fay; kPd;fs; ' vd;W

$wpg; Gfo;e;jNghJ mg;Gfopy; kaq;fp ePq;fs; md;Gw;Wf; fplf;f>

maNydhfpa ehs; mwpahjthW mtd; cq;fSf;Ff; $wpanjy;yhk;

,g;gpupitg; gw;wpj;jhdh? ,dpNadhfpa vdf;F Kd;G ,dpauhf

,Ue;jPNu> ,dp ca;Ak; topiaf; $WtPuhf!" vd;W nrhy;yp

tUe;jpdhs;. mtd; epidit tpUk;Gk; NjhspizfNs! grpj;J

itj;jJ Nghd;w jd;ikadthff; flypy; gpwe;j rq;F

tisay;fisAk; xspiaAila Kj;Jf;fisAk; mzpe;J> Njhspy;

fUk;igAk; nfhq;iffspy; njha;apy; nfhb Kjypatw;iwAk; vOjp>

ek;ikg; GfOk; kzk; fko; khiyazpe;jtd; vt;topr; nrd;whd;?

jOTjiy nefpo;e;J nry;ytpl;l ePtpH mtd; nrd;w ,lj;ij

mwptPH! ck;ik ehd; ,d;Wk; Gfo;jw;F mts; nrd;W ,lj;ijf;

$WtPuhf! " vd;W nrhy;yp tUj;jpdhs;. Nfkrup " nfhba

nfhq;iffNs ! nea; g+rpa xspkpf;f NtypidAila rPtfd;

khHgpidj; jOtpf; fple;j ePq;fs;> mtidg; gpupe;J Nghfhjgb

gpzpf;fj; jtwptpl;BHfs;@ ,dp vd; nra;Ntd;! " vd;W fz;zPH

FskhFkhW mOjhs;.

ghy;NghYk; ,dpa nkhop NgRk; Nfkrup> jhd; mOj

fz;zPupNy Njhd;wpa> jd; moF nfl;l epoy; thb tUe;jp

129


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mOtjidf; fz;L> “ vd; md;ghHe;j NjhopNa> eP tUe;jhNj!

moTk; nra;ahNj! mtH ekf;Fg; gifahthNuh? MfhH! " vd;W

$wpj; Njw;wpdhs;. jhd; mzpe;j kzkpF jiykhiyfs; tpOe;J

fz;zPiuAila epyj;ij kiwf;f> Co; tpisahy; Jd;GWk;

Nfkrup > epoyhfpa Njhopiaf; fhzhjtdha;> xsptPRk;

tisay;fs; mzpe;j mts; mtidj; NjLjw;Fg; Nghdhs;@

jhkjpf;fTk; nra;jhs;@ ,dp> mtidj; Njbf; fz;L mioj;J

tUths; vd;whs;. ahopir NghYk; ,dpa nkhopAila Nfkrup>

mofpa ,sik nghUe;jpa kapNy! FapNy! ,sik nghUe;jpa

eilaofhy; Nkk;gl;l md;dg; ngilNa! mofhd fpspNa' vd;Dld;

tpisahLk; vd; jiytidj; NjLq;fs; " vd;W $Wtjw;Fs; nka;

NrhHe;J tpOe;jhs;.

7.15. Nfkrupf;Fj; nja;tk; MWjy; $Wjy; kw;Nghupy; rpwe;j rPtfdJ gpupTj; JaH vd;Dk; jPapy;

kiyapy; tsHe;j ,s %q;fpy; Nghd;w NjhisAk;> Kj;Jg; Nghd;w

gw;fisAk;> rpte;j thiaAk;> tpy; Nghd;w GUtj;ijAk; cila

Nfkrup nte;J fplf;Fk;NghJ > xsp nghUe;jpa mt; tPl;by; thOk;

nja;tk; mts; epiyiaf; fz;L tUe;jpf; $Wk;. giftHjk;

clypy; Gz; cz;lhf;f tpUk;Gk; Gyhy; kzk; fkOk; thNse;jpa

ifapidAk > nghw; foypidAk;> njhLj;j Gjpa

khiyapidAKila> fz; fhztpUk;Gk; moFila rPtfidf;

fhkNd fz;lhYk;> mf; fhkDf;Fk; ,iria tpUk;Gk;

nkhopiaAk;> gtsk; Nghd;w nrt;thiaAk;> jsuhj nfhq;ifiaAk;

mfd;w my;FiyAk; cila ngz;ikia mila tpUk;Gk; Mir

kdj;jpNy Njhd;Wk; vd;why;> ngz; khd; Nghd;w Nfkrupf;Fg;

gpiof;Fk; jd;ikAz;Nlh?.“ fhl;by;> Njdhfpa nea;apy; fdpiaj;

Njha;j;jJ Nghd;w ,dpa ftsj;ij cz;Zk;gb ngupa

Jjpf;ifahy; Cl;bj; jOTfpd;w kjk; nghUe;jpa Mz; ahid

gpupe;J nrd;why;> ngz; ahidf;F tho;Tz;Nlh? mijg; Nghy>

Nfkrupapd; fhy; mbapy; jd; jiyiaj; jho;j;jp tzq;fp Cly;

jPHj;Jf; $Lk; nfhil ts;syhd rPtfd; gpupe;j gpwF Nfkrupf;F

tho;T cz;Nlh? jd;idj; jOtpa fztd; $wpa tz;bd;

tbtha;> nkd;nfhq;ifiaAila ,y;Yiw nja;tk; mts; vjpupNy

te;jTld;> tUe;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j> tpsq;Fk; Nghd; Nghd;w Njky;

gle;j NkdpiaAk;> ePy epwf; fz;fisAk; cila Nfkrup> tz;il

Nehf;fpj; jd; fztd; Kd;dHf; $wpaij czHe;J fztDf;F

130

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



mj;jifa gopAk;> ,we;JgLjYk; NeUNkh vd mQ;rp> Nghjw;Fj;

Jzpe;j capiuAk; NghfhJ jhq;fpdhs;. gQ;rpd;Nky; kpjpj;J

ele;jhYk; tUe;Jfpd;w mbAila Nfkrup> “tQ;rpj;Jf; $Wk;

thAila ePy epw tz;LfNs! ePtpH> ,we;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;

Jauk; ePq;FkhW kio Nkfk; gbAk; nghd; khlj;jpNy te;J

jq;Fk;> njhoj;jf;f ,y;Yiw nja;tkhtPuhf " vd;whs;. tpk;kpg;

gUf;Fk; mofpa nfhq;iffisj; jhq;f Kbahky; ,il tUe;jp

nkypa > xU ge;ijAk; vLf;f Kbahj Nfkrup> ghy; file;njLj;j

ntz;nzahy; Md ghit ntapypy; cUfpaijg; Nghy cly;

iee;J nfl > thd eq;iff;F ,l;l new;wpr; Rl;b Nghd;w moFld;

nts;sp Kisj;jJ.

7.16. jhahd epg;Gjp Nfkrupiaj; Njw;Wjy; gpwq;fpd nfLq;fs; ahTk; GzHe;jtH gpuptH Ngrpd;

,wq;fpd tPOk; Nkyha; Xq;fpa vz;zpy; Nahdp

gpwe;jtH rhtH nrj;jhH gpwg;gNt vd;d Nehf;fp

fwq;F ,ir tz;L ghLk; Nfhij eP ftyy; vd;whs;

Nfkrup > nfhOe;J tpl;nlupAk; jPapy; gl;l khe;jspH Nghy

kaq;fp thbj; jd; njhz;ilf; Fuy; xypia> KWf;fptplg;gl;l

euk;igAila ghnohypapdpd;Wk; Ntwhf ePf;fp tUe;jp mo

mjdhy; cz;lhd mOif xyp Nfl;L tPl;bYs;shH jpuz;L

te;jdH. mg;nghOJ mofhd kyH khiyAila Nfkrupapd; jhahd

epg;Gjp mtsplk; $wYw;whs;. ew;FbapNy gpwe;J> nfhba gpwtpj;

Jauhfpa Ntiu mWj;J> cz;ik newpapy; epd;W> vt;tifapYk;

jtwpd;wp> ehk; Kd; nra;j jtg; gadhf te;J> mad; tr;rpuj;jpd;

Edpahy; vOjpa mopahj vOj;ijg; Nghd;wtd; cdf;fspj;j

,d;gj;ijj; jtwhky;> NkYk; eP ngWtha; " vd;whs;. ,d;dpir

ghb tz;Lfs; nkha;f;Fk; khiy mzpe;jtNs! cyfpy; moFs;sd

ahTk; mopAk;@ $batH gpuptH@ Muha;e;J ghHj;jhy; caHe;jit

jhOk;. fzf;fw;w gpwtpfspy; gpwe;jtH ,wg;gH@ ,we;jtH gpwg;gH.

vdNt ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; khwp khwp tUk; ,t;Tyf ,ay;ig

czHe;J eP ftiyg;gLtij tpLf vd;whs;. vupAk; jPapd;

jd;ikiaj; jd;dplj;Nj nfhz;l fhkg;GzHr;rpahw; ngWk; ,d;gk;

ePHj;Jsp Nghd;wjhFk;@ mdhy; gpupthy; NeUk; Jd;gNkh ngupa

fliy xj;jjhFk;@ ,j;jifa gpupTj;Jauhy; iee;J cUfp cly;

mopAkhdhy;> ,k;ik kWikfspy; ngWk; jd;ikia xUtUk;

va;jhH vd Md;NwhH $wf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwhk; my;yth ? vdNt

131


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

gpupthy; tUe;jhNj! kf;fspd; ,sikg; gUtk; ePHf;FkpopNghy;

tpiutpy; mopAk;@ mtHfs; ngWk; ,d;gNkh kpd;diyg; Nghy; kpf

tpiutpy; kiwAk;@ mtHfsJ nry;tKk; ntapiyf; fz;l gdp

Nghy; mopAk;@ ,dpa ,ir nghopAk; ey;y ahopdJ ,spvd;Dk;

euk;gpDk; ,dpa nrhy;iy cilatNs! jPtpidapd; gad; mg;gb

typjhapUf;Fk;@ MfNt gpupit vz;zp tUe;Jtjhy; vd;d gad;?|

ey; Milapd; Nky; Gjpa nghd; Nkfiyiar; #o itj;J eQ;R

Fbnfhz;l ghk;gpdJ glj;ijg; gopj;J mfd;w my;FyhNy Gwj;Nj

fhtypl;L > nfhq;if khHNg xU rpiwf; Nfhl;lkhf> mk;

khHgpNyNa jq;Fk;gb jk; fztiur; rpiwg;gLj;jp itf;fj;

njupahj kfspH gpupTj; Jauj;ij tpLthuhf! " J}a Mil mzpe;j

> my;FiyAila > kzpahy; nra;j ghit Nghd;w Nfkrup > kzk;

kpf;f khiyAila rPtfd; tz;bDf;F ciuj;j nrhy;yhfpa

fapw;why; md;G kpFjpahy; ePq;fhjgb fl;lg;gl;l capiu kl;LNk

cilatshfp > kw;w clk;ngy;yhk; gpire;jplg; gl;lnjhU

gpizay; khiyia xj;jhs;.

7.18. rPtfd; gazk; glj;ijAila ghk;gpdhy; tpOq;fg;gl;l xsp tPRk; epyitg;

Nghy moF nfl;L gpupT vd;Dk; Jauj;jpNy %o;fp eLeLq;fp

neQ;RUfp tUe;Jk; fupa $e;jiyAila Nfkrup> jd; fztid

tiy tpupj;Jj; NjLtJ Nghy; vq;Fk; NjbAk; fhz Kbatpy;iy.

Mdhy; fhis Nghd;w rPtfNdh jd; Nghf;fpy; nrd;W

nfhz;bUe;jhd;. xsp tpLk; gspq;fhw; nra;j Flj;jpNy ghiy

Ve;jpf; fupa epwKila Nrw;wpNy tPOkhW nrhuptijg; Nghy> xsp

tpsq;Fk; jpq;fshfpa nja;tk; jd; xspf; fjpHfis ,UspNy

%o;Fk;gb nrhupe;J> kfspuJ griy nfhz;l Kfk; Nghyj; Njhd;wp

tise;j fly; Nky; Kisj;jJ. rPtfd; nry;Yk; topapy; cs;s

,Ul;il Xl;l Ve;jpa if tpsf;ifg; Nghy kpfr; rpwe;j jpq;fs;

Kisj;jjhy; mtDk; rpwpJ J}uk; tpiue;J nrd;whd;. mt;tstpy;

jd; jd;ikapy; xU rpwpJk; khWglhj QhapW miyflypy;

Kisj;njo> mt;topNa nry;Yk; xUtDf;F NkNyhdhfpa rPtfd;

jd; mzpfyd;fisf; nfhLf;f tpUk;gpdhd.;

7.19. topg;Nghf;fd; re;jpg;Gk; rPtfd; mwTiuAk; mg;nghOJ mt;topNa te;j topg;Nghf;fd; > rPtfid

Nehf;fp> ePH ve;j CH? ,g;NghJ ve;j CUf;F te;jPH? ckf;F

kidtpaH vj;jid NgH? kf;fspy; ey;nyhOf;fk; cilatH

132

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



vj;jid NgH? xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtH vj;jid NgH? " vd;W Nfl;lhd.;

mjw;Fr; rhd;Nwhdhfpa rPtfd;> ehDk; ,t;Tlk;gplj;Njd;@ ,t;Tlk;G

vLj;jw;F te;Njd; vdf;F kidtpaH ehd;FNgH@ kf;fSs; xOf;fk;

,y;yhjhH ahUk; ,y;iy: xOf;fk; cilatd; xUtd;

,Uf;fpd;whd;" vd;W gjpy; $wpdhd; . xOf;fk; cila kfd;

xUtNd mtDk; ehd;F jha;khuJ tapw;wpNy gpwe;jpUf;fpwhd;

vd;W $wf;Nfl;L cyfpy; ,tidg; Nghy; ,dpatHfs; ahH

,Ug;ghHfs?; vd;W $wp mwptpy;yhj topg;Nghf;fd; eifj;jhd;.

gpd;> mwpTila ,td; $w;wpYk; xU nghUs; ,Uf;Fk;@ vdNt

tpupthff; Nfl;Nghk; vd;W vz;zp> “ ey;ytNd> eP ,g;NghJ

$wpajd; nghUis > ed;F tpsf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;W Ntz;bf;

nfhz;lhd;. mt;thNw rPtfd; tpsf;f> topg;Nghf;fDk; ftdkhff;

Nfl;lhd; . . " ey;y jhdk; > ey;y xOf;fk; > jtwpy;yhj jtk;>

mwptH topghL vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; ,e;ehd;Fk; ehd; Kd; $wpa

kidtpaH@ ,j;jifa ehd;F kidtpaH tapw;wpYk; gpwe;J> gad;

mspg;gtdhfpa ' ey;tpid ' vd;Dk; me;j xg;gw;w kfNd

Nkhl;rfjpf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yk; cuNthdhthd;@ mtidg;

ngw;wtNu kf;fisg; ngw;wtuhtH@ mt; TuNthidg; ngwhjtH

kf;fisg; ngwhjtH MtH@ mtH ngw;w gpw kf;fSk; mtH kf;fs;

my;yH. glnkLf;Fk; ghk;G Nky;Njhiy cupg;gijg; Nghy

mfg;gw;Wk;> Gwg;gw;Wk; Jwe;J ghHg;gtH nka; rpypu;f;fj; jt

newpia Nkw;nfhz;L> Ik;nghwpfshy; Njhd;Wk; Mirfis

ntd;whHf;F kfpo;e;J mspg;gNj jhdk; vd;Wk;> ,d;Ritj; NjDk;

njspe;j fs;Sk; > capHfs; jq;Fjw;F ,lkhfpa CDk; Mfpa

,tw;iw mwNt ePf;FjNy ' xOf;fk; ' vd;Wk; ciuj;jhH

kpf;NfhH.' mjDld; jtwhky; rJHj;j rpapYk; ml;lkpapYk; gl;bdp

fple;J Nehd;G Nkw;nfhs;tNj nflhj jtk; ' vd;Wk; > FspHe;j

jpq;fisg; Nghd;w Kf;Filf;fPo; mkHe;j mUfg;ngUkhd;

jpUtbfis kyuhYk;> mfpw;GifahYk;> re;jdj;jhYk; mHr;rpj;jYk;

myq;fupj;jYk; Muhjid nra;jYk; gpw topghLfSk; Mfpa

,tw;iwNa ' g+ir ' vd;Wk; ciuj;jdH> Mfk E}iy czHe;j

rhd;NwhH. Nkw;$wpa jhdk; > rPyk; > jtk; > mwptH rpwg;G vd;Dk;

ehd;F newpfis kidtpaH MfTk; > ey;tpidia kfdhfTk;

cilatH thdtH cyif mile;J> nghd;khiy GuSk;

khHgpidAila ,e;jpuuha; tpz;Zyif Mz;L gpd;

rf;futHj;jpaha; cyfk; KOJk; Mz;L> Kf;Filf;fPo; mkHe;j

133


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mUfg; ngUkhDf;Fr; rpwg;Gld; topghbaw;wpg; gpd;> tuk;gpyh ,d;gk;

mspf;Fk; Kf;jp cyifg; ngWjy; cz;ik vd;W $wyhk;.

Njd; nghUe;jpa kyH epiwe;j mNrhf ku ePoypy;

Kf;Filapd;fPo; vOe;jUspapUf;fpd;w mUfg; ngUkhNd tuk;gpyh

,d;g cyfpd; fjitj; jpwf;Fk; jhohfpa jpUtbia cila

jiytd; vd;gjid mwptPuhf ! ( NkYk; ) vl;NlDk; gj;NjDk;

,y;yhjtHf;F ( nghUs; ,y;yhHf;F ,t;Tyf ,d;gk; ,y;yhjijg;

Nghy> mUfg; ngUkhidj; njspahjhHf;F ey;tpidfs; rhuh

vd;gjidAk; czHtPuhf. maytH ahUk; ,y;yhj Ek; cwtpdH

CUf;Nf nrd;whYk;> mtNuhL rpdk; nfhz;ltiug; Nghyf; fl;Lr;

Nrhw;wpid vLj;Jf; nfhs;shky; Xub ntspNa vLj;J itf;f

khl;BHfNs!. mj;jifa ePq;fs;> $w;Wtd; vkJ capiuf; nfhz;L

jdpNa nfhba topapNy nry;Yk;NghJ> Njitg;gLk; vd;gjw;fhf

,g;NghNj ey;tpidahfpa fl;Lr; Nrhw;iwf; fl;bf;nfhs;stpy;iy.

me;Njh! moifj;jhd; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wPHfNs jtpu mwpitr; rpwpJk;

ngwtpy;iyNa! Ja;f;Fk; fhkj;jhYk; Jd;GWj;Jk; fs;shYk;>

nea; xOFk; CdhYk; tpistJ jPtpidNa vd;gjid mwptPuhf!

vdNt ,k;%d;iwAk; tpl;LtpLq;fs; vd;W $wpdhy;;> KUf;F

mtpo;e;j kyHkhiy #ba kq;ifaupd; gUj;j nfhq;ifNghy; fz;

rptf;f> jhk; tUe;j ed;ik $WNthiug; Gupe;J nfhs;shJ rpdk;

nfhs;fpwhHfNs! INah! ,/njd;d nfhLik! Cdhy; nra;j

clk;gpw;fhf> CDliyNa Rke;J> fOFf;fhf mijf; fhty;

nra;fpd;wtH kpfj; jPa Fw;wj;ijr; nra;a vz;Zk; ,Uk;G NghHj;j

typa kdj;juha;> Xl;il kur; nrtpauha;g; ghy; Nghyg; ngUfp

mKJ}Wk; ey;ywj;ijj; jhNkAk; mwpahH@ gpwH $wTk; NfshH.

xUtd; ,wf;Fk; epiyapy; tha;r; nrhy; tuhjjhy; ifahNy

nry;tj;jpuspd; msitf; Fwpg;ghff; fhl;l> kPd; Nghd;w fz;Zila

mtd; kidtp nghUs;fspd; msitg; gpwH mwpe;J nfhs;tij

tpUk;ghjtsha;> 'IaNd! tpshk;gokh Ntz;Lfpd;wPH! tpf;fy;

tUjyhy; mJ jUjw;F ,J jUzk; md;W@ vd; nra;Ntd; ' vd;W

$wp ey;ytisg; Nghy ebj;J> fztd; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;ba

gpwtw;wpw;Fk; ngha;g;nghUs; $wh Kd;dNk > gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;J

cz;gij tpUk;Gq;fs; !“ FspHe;j jpq;fspd; xspia tpUk;gpg;

gUFk; my;yp kyiug; Nghd;w> mj; jpq;fis ntw;wp nfhs;fpd;w

moF KfKila kfspupd; Gd;difia tpUk;GNthH> Kbtpy;yhj

fhyk; vy;yhk; Jd;gk; jUk; jPa fjpfspy; Njhd;wp ehlfj;jpy;

134

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



Ntlk; khWgtiug; Nghy ntt;NtW ahf;if nfhz;L tUe;jpj;

jpuptH!. Mdhy; xspkpf;f ngupa jpq;fspd; fjpUf;F taypYs;s

jhkiu mQ;rpf; $k;Gtijg; Nghy> Foy; ,irapDk; kpf;f ,dpa

nrhy; NgRk; kq;ifaupd; moFf; Nfhyj;Jf;F mQ;rpNdhH gyUk;

njhOk;gb tpz;Zyif Ms;tH. ,q;qdk; mt;topg;Nghf;fDf;F

ed;nkhopfisf; $wp > xsptpLk; kzpAk; > tapuKk; nghUe;jpa

mzpfisnay;yhk; mtDf;F tpUk;gpf; nfhLj;J> 'eP nrd;W tUf'

vd;W $w mtDk;> rPtfid tyk; te;J tzq;fpr; nrd;whd;. gpd;>

tpy; njhopy; gapd;w ePz;l NjhSila rPtfd; ntk;ik kpf;f fhl;L

topapy; nry;yYw;whd;.

7.20. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; fhg;gpaj; jiytd; rPtfd; Nfkrup vd;Dk; vd;Dk;

kq;ifia kze;jij mwpe;Njhk.; ,Ujpq;fs; NfkrupNahL kfpo;thf

,Ue;j rPtfd; gpd;du; gpupe;J nrd;wijAk; mwpe;Njhk;.

7.21. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. jf;f ehl;bd; tsj;ij fhl;Lf.

2. Nfkrup gw;wp Nrhjpld; ciuj;jtw;iwj; jUf.

3. rPtfid fz;lJk; Nfkrupf;F epfo;e;jd ahit?

4. Nfkrupapd; gpupT Jaupid tpsf;Ff.



2. rPtfrpe;jhkzp ciu eilapy; – uh.rPdpthrd;>

nfsuh gjpg;gff; FOkk;> nrd;id 5

135


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$$WW..88--rrPPttff rrppee;;jjhhkkzzpp -- mmwwff;;ffUUjj;;JJff;;ffss;;

8.1. Kd;Diu

kdpjd; kd;duhf ,Uf;fyhk;@ kfspiu kzf;fyhk;@

mwnewp jtwhky; Nghuplyhk;@ Mdhy;> jd; flikfis

Mw;wpagpd;dH> ,Wjpapy; Kw;Wk; Jwe;J> jtk; Gupjy; capupd;

caHe;j flik vd;w rkzj;jpd; mwj; jj;Jtj;ij ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpd;

fij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

8.2. rkz mwf; Nfhl;ghL rkz rkaj;jpd; nfhs;iffisAk; Nfhl;ghLfisAk;

kf;fspilNa vLj;Jiug;gjw;fhf vOe;j fhg;gpak; rPtf rpe;jhkzp.

ciuahrpupaH er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH rkz rkaj; jj;Jtq;fis ed;F

mwpe;j gpd;dNu ,e;E}Yf;F ciu vOjpdhH vd;W $WtH. me;j

msT rkz mwf;Nfhl;ghLfs; ,jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. mUfidj;

Jjpj;J Mq;fhq;Nf fhg;gpaj;jpy; ghly;fs; tUfpd;wd. cyf

epiyahik> nry;t epiyahik> ahf;if epiyahik vd;gd

gw;wpAk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jwtwj;jpd; ngUik

epiyehl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

8.3. gQ;r ek];fhuk; gQ;r ek];fhuk; vd;gJ rkz rkaj;jpd; %y ke;jpuk;. ,jd;

ngUikia czHj;Jk; epfo;r;rp xd;W FzkhiyahH ,yk;gfj;jpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. jhk; cz;Ztjw;fhf me;jzH Mf;fpa Nrhw;iw

ehnahd;W ft;tpr; nrd;wJ. mjdhy; Nfhgq; nfhz;l me;jzH>

ehia mbf;f XbdH. eha; mQ;rp Xb> mUfpy; ,Ue;j Fsj;jpy;

gha;e;jJ. mtHfs; mjid mbj;J> mjd; fhiy xbj;jdH. mijf;

fz;lme;j ehapd; nrhe;jf;fhud; kpFe;j Jd;gk; mile;jhd;.

mtdJ Jd;gj;ijf; fz;l rPtfd;> gQ;r ek];fhuj;ij

ehapd;nrtpapy; Xjpdhd;. eha; nrtpkLj;J mjidf; Nfl;lJ. rpwpJ

Neuj;jpy; me;j eha; RjQ;rzd; vd;Dk; NjtdhfpaJ. RjQ;rzd;

jdf;F ele;jitfisnay;yhk; czHe;J nfhz;lhd;. rPtfd;

nray;> gpd;tUk; ghlypy; tpsf;fg;ngWfpwJ.

cWjpKd; nra;jJ ,d;wp xOfpNdd; vd;W neQ;rpy;

kWfy; eP gw;nwhL MHtk; tpl;bL kuz mr;rj;J

,Wfy; eP ,iwtd; nrhd;d Ik;gj mkpHjKz;lhy;

ngWjp ew; fjpia vd;W ngUeit mfw;wpdhNd.

(ghly;> 946)

136

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



~Kd;Nd nra;j ed;ik xd;Wkpy;iy vd;W epidj;J eP tUe;j

Ntz;lhk;. gw;iwAk; MHtj;ijAk; tpl;LtpL> ,wg;G

vd;Dk;mr;rj;ijf; nfhs;shNj@ ,t;thW tho;e;J> ,iwtd; $wpa

Ik;gjkhfpa mkpHjj;ij (gQ;r ek];fhuk;) eP gUfpdhy;

ew;fjpiamiltha;| vd;W $wp ehapd; ngUe;Jd;gj;ij ePf;fpdhd;.

cyfg;gw;iw ePf;fp> gQ;rek];fhuj;ij mwpe;jhy; ew;fjpia

milayhk; vd;w rkzf; Nfhl;ghL ,jd;

thapyhfntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

8.4. Kk;kzpf; Nfhl;ghL ey;Qhdk;> ew;fhl;rp> ey;nyhOf;fk; vd;git Kk;kzpfs;

vdr; rkz rkak; $WfpwJ. rkzHfspd; Nfhl;ghlhfpaKk;kzpf;

Nfhl;ghl;ilAk; rPtfd; $Wfpwhd;. rpj;jpu $lk; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy;

thOk; JwtpfSf;Fr; rPtfd;> mUfg;ngUkhdpd; kiw nkhopfisg;

gpd;gw;WkhW $Wifapy; Kk;kzpf; Nfhl;ghl;ilf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;.

nka;tif njupjy; Qhdk; tpsq;fpa nghUs;fs; jk;ikg;

ngha;tif ,d;wpj; Njwy; fhl;rpIk; nghwpAk; thl;b

ca;tif capiuj; NjahJ xOFjy; xOf;f %d;Wk;

,t;tif epiwe;j Ngho;Nj ,Utpid fopA nkd;whd;.

(ghly;> 1436)

QhdkhtJ cz;ikia mwpjy;> fhl;rpahtJ mt;thW

mwpe;j nghUs;fisg; gw;wpj; njspjy;> xOf;fkhtJ

Ik;nghwpfisAk; mtw;wpd; Nghf;fpy; nry;ytplhky; jLj;J capH

ca;Ak; tifapy; elj;jyhFk;. ,k;Kk;kzpAk; epiwe;j NghNj

,UtpidAk; nfLk; vd;W rPtfd; mwpTiu $Wfpd;whd;.

8.5. tpidf; nfhs;ifAk; gpwTk; fhg;gpak; KOf;f tpidf; nfhs;if ,lk; ngWfpwJ. tu

Ntz;ba ed;ikfs; tUk;. NghfNtz;ba eyd;fs; NghFk;. ,jid>

Mk; nghUs;fs; MFk; mJ ahHf;Fk; mopf;nfhz;zh

Nghk;nghUs;fs; NghFk;mit nghwpapd; tiftz;zk;

vd;W fhl;LfpwhH jpUj;jf;f NjtH. kf;fshfg; gpwe;jtHfSf;F

tho;ehSk; ,d;gq;fSk; fUtpNy mikf;fg;gl;ld vd;Wk; ,wg;gJk;

gpwg;gJk; tpidgw;wpNaepfo;td vd;Wk; fUj;Jr;

nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. kf;fs; ahf;ifapd; ,opT Fwpj;Jk; gy

,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. epiyahik Fwpj;J epfo;r;rp

%yk; jpUj;jf;f NjtH tpsf;FfpwhH. nry;tj;ijr; NrHj;J

itj;Jj; Ja;f;fhky; Gijj;Jitj;jxUtd;> ,wf;Fk; Neuj;jpy;

137


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Gijay; Fwpj;Jr; irifapy; fhl;l mij czuhj cwtpdHfs;>

mtd; tpshk;gok; Nfl;fpwhd; vdepidf;fpd;wdH. mtd; ,we;j gpd;G

mtd; epidthf tpshq;fdpiag; gilj;jdH vd;fpwhH. gpwUf;Ff;

nfhLf;fkdkpy;yhjtHfs; milAk; ,opit>

kz;zhH rl;b fuj;Nje;jp kueha; nfsTq; fhypduha;

mz;zhe; Njq;fp ,ug;ghiu mwpe;Njhk; mwpe;Njhk; mk;kk;k

gz;zhH nkhopahH ghy;mbrpy; gupe;jq; $l;l Kfk; jpUg;gp

cz;zh epd;w NghnjhUtw;(F) cjth khe;jH ,tHjhNk

vd;Wk;>

khrpj;jpq;fs; khrpd rpd;dj; JzpKs;spd;

Crp %rpa thil cilahfg;

Ngrpa ghtha; gpr;irnadf; ifafy; Ve;jpf;

$rpf;$rp epw;gH nfhLj;Jz; lwpahjhH

vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. Kd;gpwtpapy; nra;Ak; tpidapd; gad;

mLj;j gpwtpapy; njhlUk; vd;w fUj;ij Kj;jp ,yk;gfj;jpy;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. my;ypj;jz;L Kwpe;J tpOe;jhYk; mjd; E}y;

mWe;Jtplhky; ,uz;L Jz;LfisAk; njhlHGWj;Jk;. mJNghyg;

gpwtpKbe;jhYk; tpid> mLj;j gpwtpAld; mjid ,izf;Fk;

vd;fpwhH.

my;ypj;jhs; mw;w NghJk; mwhj E}y; mjidg;Nghy

njhy;iyj;jk; clk;GePq;fj; jPtpid njhle;J ePq;fh

vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. gpwg;ig mWj;J tPLNgW epiy miljiyr;

rkzk; typAWj;jpaJ. JwT ntspNtlky;y vd;gJ rkzf; fUj;J.

cs;sj; Jwitr; rkzk; typAWj;JfpwJ. tPLNgw;iw ntspNtlj;

Jwthy;mila KbahJ vd;gJ rpe;jhkzpapy; typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

riltsHj;Jf; fhl;by; tho;e;J Fsj;jpy; %o;fp vOfpwJ fub>

vdpDk; mjd; gpwg;nghopatpy;iy. Gw xOf;fj;jhy; kl;Lk; gpwg;G

xopahJ.

ePl;ba rilakhfp ePH%o;fp epyj;jpy; NrHe;J

thl;ba clk;gpd; ahq;fs; tufjp tpisj;Jk; vd;dpw;

fhl;bil fub Nghfpf; fak; %o;fpf; fhl;bd; epd;W

tPl;bid tpisf;f Ntz;Lk; ntspw;Wiu tpLkpd; vd;whd;

,t;thW rkz rka mwf; Nfhl;ghLfs; fhg;gpaj;jpy; gy

,lq;fspy; rPtfd; thapyhf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

138

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



8.6. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; rPtfrpe;jhkzpapy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; gapd;W te;Js;sikia

,f;$wpd; %ykhf ehk; mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk.; NkYk; rPtfd; $w;W

thapyhfNt rkz rkaf; fUj;Jfs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLtij

mwpe;Njhk;.

8.7. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. rPtfrpe;jhkzp fhl;Lk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis jUf.

2. rPtfrpe;jhkzpapy; rkz rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfs; fhl;lg;gLtijg;

Gyg;gLj;Jf.



2. rPtfrpe;jhkzp ciu eilapy; – uh.rPdpthrd;>

nfsuh gjpg;gff; FOkk;> nrd;id 5

139


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$W.9 fk;gu;-fk;guhkhazk;- mNahj;jpahfhz;lk;

9.1. fk;gh;

“fk;gd; tPl;Lj; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;" vd;nwhU gonkhopNa

cUthFk; mstpw;F> fk;guJ GfOk;> ftpj;jpwikAk; midtuhYk;

,d;wsTk; Ngrg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ~ftpNguurH fk;gH|> ~ftpr;rf;utHj;jp

fk;gH|> ~fy;tpapy; ngupatH fk;gH| vd;nwy;yhk; mtuJ

ftpj;jpwidg; giwrhw;Wk; mstpw;F mtUf;Fg; gl;lq;fs;

toq;fg;gl;ld. rk];fpUjk; kw;Wk; jkpo; nkhopapy; nrhy;td;ikf;

nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;j mtH> Mokhd ftpij mDgtKk;> fw;gid

Mw;wYk;> Gyikj; jpwDk; ngw;W> mtuJ rkfhyj;Jg; GytHfshd

Xl;lf;$j;jH> Nrf;fpohH Nghd;Nwhupd; ed;kjpg;igAk; ngw;wpUe;jhH.

fk;gH mtHfs;> fpgp 12 Mk; E}w;whz;by;> jQ;ir khtl;lj;jpy;

Fj;jhyk; tl;lj;jpy; jpUtOe;J}H vd;wiof;fg;gLk; NjuOe;J}H

vd;Dk; Cupy; Mjpj;jd; vd;gtUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jhH. mtuJ

ngw;NwhHfs;> flTs; eurpk;kupd; jPtpu gf;jHfs; vd;gjhy;> mtUf;F

~fk;gH| vd;W ngaH #l;bdH. ~fk;gh| vd;why; ~J}z; vd;W nghUs;.

~gf;jg; g;ufyhjidf; fhf;f> eurpk;kH> J}izg; gpse;J nfhz;L

te;jhH| vd;w gf;jpf; $w;iwf; nfhz;L> mtUf;F mtUila

ngw;NwhH mg;ngaH #l;bdH. fk;giu rilag;g ts;sy; vd;gtH

Mjupj;J te;Js;shH. ,tNu fk;giu ,sikf; fhyj;jpy;

Ngzpf;fhj;jtH vd;Wk;> gpd;Ng Nrho kd;dd; fk;giu Mjupj;J

te;jjhfTk; $Wfpd;wdH. Nrho kd;dd; fk;gehL vd;w gFjpiaf;

fk;gUf;F je;Js;shH. ftpr;rf;futHj;jp vd;w gl;lKk; Nrhod;

je;jJ vd;W $Wfpd;wdH.

9.2. fk;gupd; ftpg;Gyik khngUk; ftpQuhf cUntLj;j fk;gupd; Gfio mwpe;j

mg;Nghija Nrho kd;dH> mtUf;F miog;G tpLj;jhH.

muz;kidf;Fr; nrd;w mtH> kd;dupd; md;Gf; fl;lisf;fpzq;f

mtUila gilg;Gfspy; rpy tupfis mtUf;Fg; ghbf; fhl;bdhH.

mtuJ ftpj;jpwid Neupy; fz;L tpae;j Nrho kd;dH> mtUf;Ff;>

~ftpQHfspd; NguurH| vd;Wk; mHj;jKila ~ftp rf;futHj;jp|

vd;Wk; gl;lk; #l;b> mtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ngUthupa epyj;ijg;

guprspj;J> mjw;F ~fk;gehL| vd;Wk; ngaH #l;bdhH.

140

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



9.3. ,yf;fpag;gzp fk;gupd; jha;nkhop> jkpo; vd;whYk;> rk];fpUjj;jpYk; mtH

Gyikg; ngw;Nw tpsq;fpdhH. mjw;Fr; rhd;W> mtH vOjpa

~fk;guhkhadk;|. KdptH thy;kPfp rk];fpUjj;jpy; gilj;j

uhkhazj;ij> mtH jkpopy;> mtUf;Fupj;jhd ghzpapy; kPz;Lk;

vOjpdhH. mtuJ ghly; tupfspd; moF> mw;Gjkhd eak;>

ctkhdk; kw;Wk; gy tifahd tpaf;fj;jF ftpij eilfs;

mtuJ ghuk;gupa ftpijfspy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. jkpo;nkhopapd;

ngUikia> ,ilf;fhy fhyfl;lq;fspy; mw;Gjkhf

ntspf;fhl;bajhy;> mtH ~fk;g ehl;lho;thH| vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhH.

mtH> fk;guhkhazk; jtpu> ~rpiynaOgJ|> ~rlNfhgH me;jhjp|>

~ruRtjp me;jhjp|> ~jpUf;if tof;fk;|> ~VnuOgJ| kw;Wk;

~Kk;kzpf;Nfhit| Nghd;w mw;Gjg; gilg;Gfisg; gilj;Js;shH.

ftpr;rf;utHj;jp fk;gH> fpgp 1250 Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;if va;jpdhH.

,Jtiu te;j jkpowpQHfs; gl;baypy;> fk;gH ahUk; vl;l Kbahj

,yf;fpy; cs;shH vd;W jhd; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. Mdhy;> ,d;wsTk;

jkpo; mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy;> fk;gdpd; ftpijj; njhFg;Gfs;

,izaw;wjhfNt cs;sd.

9.4. fk;guhkhazk; ,uhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; E}y; ,uhkhazk; MFk;.

,e;E}y; ,e;J rka ,jpfhrq;fs; ,uz;bDs; xd;whd

,uhkhazj;jpid %ykhff; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;ljhFk;.

fk;guhkhazk; xU top E}yhFk;. ,J tlnkhopapy; thy;kPfp

vd;gtH ,aw;wpa ,uhkhazj;jpidj; jOtp vOjg;gl;l E}y; MFk;.

,J xU top E}yhfNt ,Ue;jhYk; fk;gH jdf;Nf cupj;jhd

ghzpapy; fUg;nghUs; rpijahky; jkpo; nkhopapy; ,aw;wpAs;shH.

tlnkhop fythj J}a jkpo;r;nrhw;fisj; jdJ E}ypy;

ifahz;ljhy; fk;gH> njhy;fhg;gpa newp epd;wtH vd;W

Gfog;gLfpwhH. %y ,yf;fpakhd tlnkhop ,uhkhazj;jpypUe;J

rpy khWghLfNshL fk;gH ,e;E}iy ,aw;wpapUe;jhH. fk;gH

,aw;wpa ,uhkhazk; vd;gjhy; ,J fk;guhkhazk; vd;W

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

9.5. fk;guhkhazk; - mikg;G fk;guhkhazk; ghyfhz;lk;> mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;> Muz;a

fhz;lk;> fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk;> Re;ju fhz;lk;> Aj;j fhz;lk; vDk;

MW fhz;lq;fisAk; E}w;Wg;gj;njhd;gJ (119) glyq;fisAk;

141


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

cilaJ. fhz;lk; vd;gJ ngUk;gpuptpidAk; glyk; vd;gJ mjd;

cl;gpuptpidAk; Fwpf;Fk;. Vohk; fhz;lkhfpa "cj;jpu fhz;lk;"

vd;Dk; gFjpia fk;gupd; rk fhyj;jtuhfpa "xl;lf;$j;jH"

,aw;wpdhH vd;gH. jkpopyf;fpaj;jpy; fhg;gpa tsHr;rp fk;gupd;

fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp. gd;dpnuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L) cr;repiyapid

mile;jJ vd;gH. ,e;E}ypd; rpwg;G fUjpAk; jpUf;Fwspd; ngUik

fUjpAk; ,t;tpU E}y;fisAk; "jkpOf;Ff; fjp" (fk;guhkhazk;

jpUf;Fws;) vd;gH. fk;gupd; ,uhkhazj;ijf; fk;gehlfk; vdTk;

fk;gr;rpj;jpuk; vdTk; fw;wwpe;j mwpQH ngUkf;fs; miog;gJz;L.

fk;gupd; ahg;G tz;zq;fs; E}y; neLfpYk; kpd;dp kpspHfpd;wd.

"tukpF fk;gd; nrhd;d tz;zKe; njhz;Z}w;whNw (ahg;G

tz;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 96)" vd;nwhU fzf;fPLk; cz;L.

fk;guhkhazk; ngUq;fhg;gpaj;jpw;Fupa ,yf;fzq;fis

KOikahfg; ngw;wJ. mzp> nghUs;> eil Mfpatw;why; rpwe;J

tpsq;FtJ. nrhw;RitAk; nghUl;RitAk; nfhz;L

jkpo;g;gz;ghl;NlhL ,iae;J tpsq;FtJ.

9.6. fk;guhkhazj;jpd; top Ehy;fs; fk;gH ,e;j E}iy ,aw;wpa gpwF vz;zw;w ,uhkhaz

E}y;fs; gilf;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thW ,uhkhaz E}y;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;F

fk;guhkhazk; J}z;Ljyhf ,Ue;jJ vd;W mwpQHfs;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. mitahtd> jf;f uhkhazk;> Fapy; uhkhazk;>

,uhkhaz mfty;> Nfhfpy ,uhkhazk;> mkHj ,uhkhazk;>

,uhkhazf; fPHj;ijfs; kw;Wk; ghy ,uhkhazk;.

9.7. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; ,uhkDf;Fk; rPijf;Fk; jpUkzkhfp gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs;

fope;j gpd;dH> Nfhry ehl;L kd;dH jrujd;> Kjyikr;rH Rke;jpuH

cs;spl;l Fy FU trpl;lH> gpuGf;fs; kw;Wk; Fbkf;fs; cs;spl;l

muritiaf; $l;b> %j;j ,sturuhd ,uhkUf;F mNahj;jpiaj;

jiyefuhff; nfhz;l Nfhry ehl;bd; kd;duhf kzpkFlk; #l;Lk;

jdJ tpUg;gj;ijj; njuptpj;jhH.Mdhy;> ifNfapapd;

gzpg;ngz;fspy; xUj;jpahd $dp vDk; ke;jiu vd;ghs; ,uhkd;

kPJ ntWg;Gw;wpUe;jhs;. ,uhkd; murdhtij mts; tpUk;gtpy;iy.

mjdhy;> ifNfapiaj; J}z;b tpl;L ,uhkd; murdhtijj; jLf;f

vz;zpdhs;. ifNfapAk; $dpapd; tiyapy; tpOe;jhs;.

Kd;ndhUNghJ jrujdpd; capiuf; ifNfap fhj;jikf;fhf ,uz;L

tuq;fs; jUtjhfj; jrujd; thf;fspj;jpUe;jhd;. mt;tpU

142

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;



tuq;fisAk; Nfl;L thq;Fk;gb $dpahd ke;jiuifNfapf;F

MNyhrid $wpdhs;. mt;tuq;fspd; gb> jdJ kfd; gujd;

murdhf Ntz;Lk;> ,uhkd; gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs; fhl;by;

thoNtz;Lk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L tuq;fisf; ifNfap jrujuplk;

Nfl;lhs;. kdij khw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;gb jrujH Ntz;bAk; ifNfap

gpbthjkhf kWj;Jtpl;ljdhy;> jhd; nrhd;d nrhy;iyf;

fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhf NtW topapd;wp mtSila Nfhupf;iff;Fj;

jrujd; ,zq;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. jrujupd; Kbitf; Nfs;tpAw;w

,uhkd;> rPijkw;Wk; ,yl;RkzDk; fhl;Lf;Ff; fpsk;gpdH. ,uhkd;

fhl;Lf;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhd; vd;gijf; Nfs;tpAw;w jrujH ftiy

jhq;fhky; clNdNa ,we;Jtpl;lhH.,uhkd; ruA ejpia fle;J gpd;

tdk; GFe;jhH. gpd;dH Ffdpd;JizAld; fq;if Mw;iwf; fle;J

rpj;jpu$lk; nrd;W fhl;by; jq;fpdhH. Nffa ehl;by; jd; khkDld;

jq;fpapUe;j gujDk;> rj;JUf;fDk;> je;ijapd; ,wg;Gr; nra;jp

Nfs;tpAw;W mNahj;jp te;jile;jdH.,uhkH fhl;bw;F nrd;wJ

ifNaapNa fhuzk; vd;gij mwpe;j gujd; Nfhgk; nfhz;L> Kb

#l;bf;nfhs;s kWj;J> ,uhkidj; jpUk;gTk; mNahj;jpf;Ff; $l;b

tUtjw;fhff; fhl;Lf;Fr; nrd;whd;. je;ijapd; nrhy;iyf;

fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhf mNahj;jpf;F tu ,uhkd; kWf;fNt> gujd;>

,uhkdpd; fhyzpfisf; Nfl;Lg; ngw;W> jd; jiy Nky; Rke;J

nfhz;L mNahj;jpf;Fj; jpUk;gp> ,uhkdpd; ghJiffis

mupaizapy; itj;J ,uhkd; fhl;bypUe;J kPSk; tiu

mtDf;fhfg; gujd; Ml;rp elj;jpdhd;.

9.8. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; fk;gH gw;wpa nra;jpfisAk; fk;guhkhazj;jpd;

mikg;gpidAk; ehk; mwpe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;. fhg;gpa ,yf;fpaq;fspy;

fk;guhkhazk; ngw;wpUe;j jdpr;rpwg;GfisAk; ehk;

mwpe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;.

9.9. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. fk;gH gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfisj; jUf

2. fk;guhkhazj;jpd; E}y; mikg;gpidf; fhl;Lf

3. fk;guhkhazj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpj; Njhd;wpa Ehy;fs; ahit?

9.10. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. fk;guhkhazk; - njhFjp 2 – mNahj;jpah fhz;;lk;>

G+tz;zd; ciu> tu;j;jkhdd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 17>

143


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$$WW ..1100 ffkk;;gguuhhkkhhaazzkk;; -- mmNNaahhjj;;jjppaahh ffhhzz;;llkk;;

10.1. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; mikg;G

mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; ke;jpug; glyk;> ke;jiu #o;r;rpg; glyk;>

ifNfap #o;tpidg; glyk;> efH ePq;F glyk>; ijyk; Ml;L glyk;>

fq;ifg; glyk;> Ffg; glyk;> tdk; GF glyk;> rpj;jpu$lg; glyk>;

gs;spgilg; glyk;> MW nry; glyk;> fq;if fhz; glyk;> jpUtb

#l;L glyk; vd;Dk; 13 glyq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

10.2. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; RUf;fk; ,uhkd; rPijiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;L

mNahj;jpahtpw;Fr; nry;fpwhH. cld; ,yf;FtDk;> tpRthkpj;jpuUk;

nry;fpd;wdH. mNahj;jpapd; kd;duhd jrujd; ,uhkDf;F

gl;lhgpNrfk; nra;a Vw;ghLfisr; nra;fpwhH. mjid mwpe;j

kf;fSk;> ke;jpupfSk; kfpo;fpd;wdH. ke;jiu vDk; $dp gujdpd;

jhahd ifNfaplk; nrd;W mtSila kdjpid khw;Wfpwhs;.

ifNfap jrujd; Kd;G je;j ,uz;L tuq;fis ,g;Nghija

#o;epiyf;Fj; jf;fthW> ,uhkd; fhlhsTk;> gujd; ehlhsTk;

Nfl;Lg; ngWfpwhs;. ,uhkDk;> rPijAk; fhl;bw;Fr; nry;Yifapy;>

,yf;FtDk; cld; nry;fpwhd;. %tUk; fhl;bw;Fr; nrd;W

KdptHfisAk;> FfidAk; re;jpf;fpd;whHfs;. Ffidj; jd;Dila

kw;nwhU rNfhjud; vd;W ,uhkd; ngUikahff; $WfpwhH. jrujd;

,we;J Nghdjhy;> ,Wjpf; fhupaq;fisr; nra;Jtpl;L gujd;

,uhkid fhl;by; te;J re;jpf;fpwhH. mNahj;jpa muir Vw;f

,uhkdplk; tw;GWj;JfpwhH. Mdhy; ,uhkd; mjid Vw;f

kWf;fpd;whH. gujd; ,uhkd; kPz;Lk; te;J nghWg;G Vw;Fk; tiu

,uhkdpd; ghJiffis itj;J muR nra;fpwhd;.

kpjpiyapy; ,uhkd; rPij jpUkzk; eilngw;W Kbe;j gpwF>

jruj kd;dDk; gupthuq;fSk; mNahj;jpf;Fj; jpUk;gpdH. gujdpd;

ghl;ldhH Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lgb> jrujd; gujidf; Nffa ehl;Lf;Fr;

rj;Uf;dDld; mDg;gp itf;fpwhd;. ,e;j epiyapy; jrujd; xUehs;

Kfk; ghHf;Fk; fz;zhbapy; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ>

fhNjhuk; xU eiuKb ,Ug;gijf; fz;L tpLfpwhd;. X! jdf;F

KJik tuj; Jtq;fp tpl;lJ. mur ghuj;ijj; jd; kfd; ,uhkdplk;

nfhLj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;L> jdJ

ke;jpuhNyhrid rigiaf; $l;Lfpwhd;.

144

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




10.3. ke;jpuhNyhrid rig $ly; ke;jpuhNyhrid rig $baJ. FyFUthd trp\;lH te;J

NrUfpwhH. njhlHe;J mikr;rHfs; te;J NrUfpd;wdH. te;j

mikr;rHfs; Kjypy; trp\;l KdptiuAk; gpwF jruj kd;didAk;

tzq;fpj; jj;jk; Mrdq;fspy; mkHfpd;wdH. ke;jpuhNyhrid

njhlq;FfpwJ. Kjypy; jrujd; jdJ cs;sf;fplf;ifia

mikr;rHfSf;Fk; kw;wtHfSf;Fk; czHj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; Ngrj;

Jtq;Ffpwhd;.

“#upa Fyj; Njhd;wy;fshd vd; %jhijaHfs; topapy;

mWgjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; mur ghuj;ij Kiwahf vd; Njhspy;

jhq;fp te;Njd;. ,Jtiu mwtopapy;> ,e;j g+kpapd; capHfSf;fhfg;

gw;gy ed;ikfisr; nra;J te;Njd;. ,dp vdJ capHf;F

ed;ikjUk; nray; Fwpj;J Nahrpj;J mjd;gb elf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.

vdf;F KJik tuj; Jtq;fptpl;lJ vd;gijf; ftdpj;Njd;. ,dpAk;

,e;j mur ghuj;ij vd;dhy; Rkf;f KbahJ. vdf;F me;j

typikAk; Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. vdJ Kd;NdhHfs; Ml;rpg;

nghWg;igj; jq;fs; gps;isfsplk; xg;gilj;Jj; jtk; ,aw;wf;

fhdfk; nrd;wJ NghyNt> ehDk; nra;a tpUk;GfpNwd;. ehl;by;

cs;s giffis ntd;w ehd;> ,dp vd; cs;sj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;

giffshd fhkk;> ntFsp Kjyhd vjpupfisAk; jtk; vDk;

MAjk; nfhz;L nty;y tpUk;GfpNwd;."

“neLq;fhyk; kfg;NgW ,y;yhky; tUe;jpapUe;Njd;. vd; kdf;

Fiw ePq;fpl ,uhkd; te;J mtjupj;jhd;. ,dp ,e;jg; Gtp ghuj;ij

,uhkd; jhq;fp tUe;jTk;> ehd; ,jdpd;Wk; jg;gp <Nlwpg; NghfTk;

tpUk;GfpNwd;. %g;gile;j gpwFk;> ehNd Ml;rp nra;jhy;>

gps;isfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fhky; ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;w mtg;ngaH vdf;F

tUk;. vdNt> ehd; ,uhkdplk; Ml;rpiaf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L> gpwtp

Neha;f;F kUe;jhd jt Nts;tpiaj; njhlq;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.

mikr;rHfNs! cq;fs; fUj;J vd;d?" vd;W mikr;rHfis Nehf;fp

tpdtpdhd; jrujd;.

,jidf; Nfl;l ke;jpuf; fpotHfSf;F ,uhkDf;F murgjtp

vd;wJk; kfpo;r;rpAk;> jrujd; gpupT vDk; Jf;fj;ijAk; mile;jdH.

,uz;L fd;WfisAila gR> xU fd;wpidg; gpupa NeUk;NghJ

vijAk; gpupa kdkpd;wp jtpg;gJ Nghy jtpj;jdH. jrujd; gpupT

tUj;jj;ijj; jUtJ vd;whYk;> mtd; kWikf;Fj; jtk; nra;tJ

mtrpak; vd;gjhYk;> kd;DapHf;nfy;yhk; ,uhkidg; Nghd;w XH

145


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

murd; fpilg;gJ vd;gJ mupJ vd;gjhYk;> tpjpapd; topNa

midj;Jk; elf;Fk; vd;W mtHfs; cWjpahf ek;gpajhYk;>

mikr;rHfs; jrujd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F rk;kjpj;jhHfs;.

midj;ijAk; rPHJ}f;fpg; ghHj;J trp\;lH Ngrj; Jtq;fpdhH:

“jrujh! Kd;G cd; Kd;NdhHfs; Mf;Qh rf;fuj;ijr; nrYj;jpg;

ngUik nfhz;l kd;dHfspy;> ,uhkid kfdhfg; ngw;w cd;

ngUikf;F <lhf ahUf;Ff; fpilj;jJ? mwk; czHe;jtHfs;

nra;a Ntz;ba nraiyNa eP nra;aj; Jzpe;jpUf;fpwha;. ,uhkd;

newp jtwhky; cd;idg; NghyNt rpwg;ghf Ml;rp Gupthd;.

Kk;%Hj;jpfspy; xUtNd ,uhkdhf te;J gpwe;jpUg;gjhy;> mtdhy;

MfhjJ xd;Wkpy;iy. kf;fSk; jhq;fs; gUFk; ePiuf; fhl;bYk;>

jk; capiuf; fhl;bYk; ,uhkid kfpo;NthL Vw;ghHfs;. vdNt cd;

vz;zg;gbNa> ,uhkDf;F Kb #l;lyhk;" vd;whH.

trp\;lupd; thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;l jrujd;> jhd; ,uhkid

kfdhfg; ngw;wNghJ kfpo;e;jijf; fhl;bYk;> kpjpiyapy; ,uhkd;

rptjDir xbj;jNghJ kfpo;e;jijf; fhl;bYk;> guRuhkdpd;

fHtj;ij xopj;j me;j ehisf; fhl;bYk; kpFe;j kfpo;r;rp

mile;jhd;. trp\;lupd; nkhopNfl;L jrujd; fz;fspy; ePHky;f>

FUtpd; ghjq;fspy; ek];fupj;J “IaNd! jhq;fs; fhl;ba

ey;topapNy ehd; uh[;a ghuk; jhq;fpaijg; NghyNt> ,uhkDf;Fk;

jhq;fNs topfhl;bahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;W Ntz;bf;

nfhz;lhd;.

mikr;rH Rke;jpud; vOe;J “,uhkDf;F muRupik vd;gJ

kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa nra;jp vdpDk;> cdJ gpupT vd;gJ vq;fs;

cs;sq;fisr; Rl;nlupf;fpd;wJ. MapDk; cq;fs; FyjHkg;gb eP

nra;Ak; ,e;jr; nray; mwtopg;gl;lNj" vd;whd;. jrujd;

Rke;jpudplk; “ed;W nrhy;ypid> ,dp ,uhkDf;F Kb#l;LtJ

Fwpj;J MfNtz;ba fhupaq;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;. ePNa Ngha;

yf;\;kp kzhsdhd = ,uhkid ,t;tplk; mioj;J th" vd;whd;.

,t;Tiu Nfl;l Rke;jpud; kd;did tzq;fp tpilngw;W> nghw;NjH

Vwp> ,uhkid mioj;Jtu> mtd; jpUkhspiff;Fr; nrd;whd;.

mq;Nf ,uhkd; jk;gp ,yf;FtNdhLk;> rPjhgpuhl;bNahLk;

mkHe;jpUf;ff; fz;L> tzq;fp “,uhkh! rf;futHj;jpf;F cd;dplk;

xU fhupak; ,Uf;fpwJ> cld; tUthahf!" vd;W nrhd;dTld;

146

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




jhkiuf; fz;zdhd = ,uhkd; xU Nkfk; ele;J nry;tJ Nghy

ele;J nrd;W NjupNy Vwpf;nfhz;lhd;.

,uhkd; NjH Xl;br; nrd;w tPjpfspy;> kfspH tpufj;jhy;

rpe;jpa kyHfSk;> cly; ntg;gj;jhy; fha;e;j kyHfSk; fple;jd.

,it> ,uhkDf;F gpd;dhy; tpisag;NghFk; fhupaj;ij

epidt+l;LtJ Nghy mike;jJ. ,yf;FtDld; ,uhkd; te;J

jrujidj; njhOjTld; mtidj; jd; khHGwj; jOtpdhd; kd;dd;.

,J vd;d? jrujd; jhd; jhq;fp te;j Gtp ghuj;ijj; jhq;ff;$ba

Njhs;typAk;> GatypAk; jd; kfd; ,uhkd; ngw;wpUf;fpwhdh vd;W

jd; NjhNshL mtd; Njhis itj;J mse;J ghHf;fpwhd;.

“eyq;nfhs; ike;jidj; jOtpdd; vd;gJ vd;? espePH

epyq;fs; jhq;FWk; epiyapid epiyapl epidj;jhd;

tpyq;fy; md;d jpz;NjhisAk; nka;j;jpU ,Uf;Fk;

myq;fy; khHigAk; jdJ Njhs; khHG nfhz;L mse;jhd;".

,uhkidj; jd; mUfpy; mkHj;jpf; nfhz;L “,uhkh!

cd;dplk; ehd; Nfl;Lg; ngw Ntz;baJ xd;W cz;L. vdf;F

KJik te;Jtpl;lJ. mur ghuk; vdf;Fr; Rikahf ,Uf;fpwJ.

,jpypUe;J tpLgl;L jtnewp Nkw;nfhs;s ePjhd; vdf;F cjtp Gupa

Ntz;Lk;" vd;whd; jrujd;.

“ekJ Kd;NdhHfSk; cupa fhyj;jpy; mur ghuj;ijj; jd;

gps;isfsplk; nfhLj;Jtpl;Lj; jtk; nra;ar; nrd;wpUf;fpwhHfs;.

,uhkh! ehd; nra;j jtg; gadha; eP vdf;Fg; gps;isaha; te;J

gpwe;jpUf;fpwha;. ePNa ,e;j mur ghuj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;!

cd; kPJ ghuj;ijr; Rkj;Jtjhf vz;zhNj! ,Jjhd; ey; mwk;

vd;gijf; fUjp Vw;Wf; nfhs;thahf!" vd;whd; jrujd;. je;ij

$wpa midj;ijAk; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;l ,uhkd; mtd; $WtNj mwk;

vd;W czHe;J mlf;fj;NjhL mtd; rk;kjj;ijf; Fwpg;ghy;

czHj;jpdhd;. jrujd; kfidj; jOtp MrPHtjpj;J mDg;gpdhd;.

10.4. Kb#l;LtpohTf;fhd Vw;ghL clNd Kb#l;LtpohTf;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;ar; nrhy;yp

cj;juTfisg; gpwg;gpj;jhd;. trp\;l KdptH mjw;fhd

Vw;ghLfisf; ftdpf;fg; Gwg;gl;Lg; NghdhH. vy;yh ehl;L

murHfSf;Fk; miog;G mDg;gg;gl;lJ. midj;J murHfSk; te;J

$bdhHfs;. mtHfsplk; jrujd; “ehd; JwT cs;sk;

nfhz;likahy;> ,uhkd; vd; Gjy;td; vd;W mtdplk; ehd; cupik

147


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nfhz;lhlKbahJ. mtid cq;fsplk; xg;Gtpj;J tpl;Nld;. ,dp

mtd; cq;fs; Gjy;tdhff; fUjp cupad nra;tPHfshf! vd;whd;.

,uhkDf;F Kb#l;Ltpoh vd;w nra;jp kf;fsplk; gutpaJ.

Nfl;f Ntz;Lkh mtHfs; mile;j kfpo;r;rpf;F. nra;jp

Nfl;lkhj;jpuj;jpy; Mq;fhq;Nf kf;fs; kfpo;r;rpia ntspf;fhl;Lk;

tpjkhf jhWkhwhf jhsfjpapd;wp MLfpwhHfs;. Fuy; tsk;

,y;yhjtHfs;$l cuj;j FunyLj;Jg; ghLfpwhHfs;. xUtiu xUtH

fl;bg; gpbj;J fuk; NfhHj;J kfpo;fpd;wdH> ,uhkidg; ngw;w

ghf;fpatjpahd Nfhriyaplk; ,e;j kfpo;r;rpahd nra;jpiar;

nrhy;y Ntz;Lkhk;> XLfpd;wdH mts; ,Uf;Fk; khspif Nehf;fp.

mq;Nf Ngha; Nfhriyaplk; ,e;jr; nra;jpiar; nrhy;fpd;wdH.

,uhkDf;F kFlk; vd;gJ kfpo;r;rpahd nra;jpjhd;> Mdhy; jrujd;

jtk; nra;ag; NghtJ vd;gJ gpupT my;yth? me;j vz;zk;

Jd;gj;ijAk; nfhLf;fpwJ. jdJ Fy nja;tj;Jf;F g+i[

nra;Jtpl;L> kf;fSf;Fj; jhd jUkq;fisr; nra;fpwhd; jrujd;.

gRf;fisAk;> nghd;idAk; rpwe;j ,uj;jpdq;fisAk; jhdkhff;

nfhLf;fpwhd;. te;jtHfs; midtUf;Fk; rhg;ghL Nghl;L> Gjpa

MilfisAk; jhdkhff; nfhLf;fpwhd;.

“vd; tapw;wpy; cjpj;j ,uhkd;> ,dp cd;dtd;> mtDf;F

vy;yh eyd;fSk; mUSjy; cd; flNd" vd;W Fynja;tj;jplk;

Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpwhd;. jdJ muz;kid N[hjpliu tutioj;J>

mtuplk; fye;J MNyhrpj;J Kb#l;L tpohtpw;F xU ey;y ehisg;

ghHf;fpwhd;. me;j N[hjplH “ehisNa ey;y ehs;" vd;W $w>

kd;dd; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhd;. trp\;liu mioj;J clNd

Kb#l;Ltpohtpw;fhd tpujk; Kjyhd fhupaq;fisj; njhlq;fr;

nrhd;dhd;.

,uhkdplk; nra;jp nrhy;tjw;fhf trp\;lH mtd; ,Uf;Fk;

khspiff;Fr; nrd;W mtdplk; tptuq;fisf; $wpdhH. gpwF

mtdplk; muR MSk; Kiw gw;wpAk;> mtd; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba

gw;gy ePjpfisAk; cgNjrpf;fpwhH. ,dp mtd; Foe;ij my;y>

,e;j ehl;il Msg;NghFk; kd;dd; my;yth? FyFUthd trp\;lH

nra;a Ntz;ba flikay;yth ,J?

trp\;lH nrhy;fpwhH: “,uhkh! ehd; nrhy;Yk; mwtopfis

ed;F Nfl;L mjd;gb ele;Jnfhs;. eP Ntj rh];jpu tpw;gd;dHfisg;

Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J mtHfSf;F vy;yh trjpfisAk;

nra;JnfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;@ Vd; njupAkh? mtHfs; Kg;ngUk;

148

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




NjtHfisf; fhl;bYk;> gQ;r g+jq;fisf; fhl;bYk;>

nka;g;nghUisf; fhl;bYk; caHe;jtHfs;. “fLk; nrhw;fisg;

NgRtij mwNt ePf;fptpL! ePjp E}y;fs; fhl;Lk; ghijapy; eP elf;f

Ntz;Lk;. vtUlDk; gifik nfhs;shNj! gifikia

ePf;fptpl;lhy; NghH nra;a tha;g;gpy;iy> mg;gb xU epiyik

te;jhYk; NghH nra;ahNj! eLepiyNahLk;> kd cWjpNahLk; Ml;rp

nra;! ey;NyhH nrhy;Yk; MNyhridfisf; Nfl;L mjd;gb el!

Fbkf;fs; capH vd;why;> mjidj; jhq;Fk; clyhf eP ,U!."

“,d;nrhy;Ny NgR! <ifAld; ,U! cs;Sk; GwKk; J}atdhf ,U!

tpidj;jpl;gk; cilatdhf ,U! caHe;j vz;zq;fisf;

nfhz;bU! vg;NghJk; ntw;wpNahL ,U! mur ePjp jtwhky; Ml;rp

nra;!. ey;nyhOf;f topapy; elg;ghahf! eLepiyahsdhf ,U!

Mirfis tpl;nlhop! Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;zhir mopitj; jUk;

vd;gjhy; mt;ntz;zj;ij mbNahL tpL! ,t;thW gw;gy ePjpfis

trp\;lH ,uhkDf;F cgNjrpj;jhH. gpwF ,uhkgpuhDf;Fr; nra;a

Ntz;ba g+Hthq;f rlq;Ffisr; nra;tpf;fpwhH. Gz;zpa jPHj;jkhb>

jHg;ghrdj;jpy; mkHe;J Nehd;G Nehw;W> jpahdj;jpy; mkHfpwhd;

,uhkd;.

kd;dd; efH KOtJk; KuR miwe;J ehisf;F

,uhkDf;Fg; gl;lhgpN\fk; vd;W mwptpf;fpwhH.

“Vtpd ts;StH ~,iwtd; ehisNa

g+kfs; nfhOedha;g; GidAk; nksyp! ,f;

NfhefH mzp| nfdf; nfhl;Lk; Ngup mj;

NjtUk; fspnfhsj; jpupe;J rhw;wpdhH"

,uhkDf;Fg; Kb#l;Ltpoh vd;w nra;jp Nfl;lTld;> mNahj;jp

efuj;J khe;jH midtUk; fpilj;jw;fupa NjthkpHjk; ngw;W

cz;ltHfs;Nghy; ngUkfpo;r;rp nfhz;ldH. mjd; tpisthf

“MHj;jdH@ fspj;jdH@ Mbg; ghbdH@

NtHj;jdH@ jbj;jdH@ rpypHj;J nka;k;kapH

NghHj;jdH@ kd;didg; Gfo;e;J tho;j;jpdH

J}Hj;jdH ePs; epjp nrhy;ypdhHf; nfyhk;".

,uhkdpd; Kb#l;Ltpohr; nra;jpiar;

nrhd;dtHfSf;nfy;yhk; epjpia thup thup toq;fpduhk; mNahj;jp

kf;fs;. efuk; kpf mofhf myq;fupf;fg;gl;lJ. gy epwf; nfhbfs;

fl;lg;gl;ld. efu khe;jH jj;jk; tPl;L epfo;r;rpiag; Nghy vz;zp

149


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

ge;jy;> Njhuzk;> thio> fKF fl;b myq;fupj;J kfpo;e;jdH.

mNahj;jp efH NjtNyhfk; Nghy fhl;rp mspj;jJ.

10.5. $dp vd;Dk; nfhLq;$w;W mg;NghJ efupy; elf;Fk; Muthuq;fisf; Nfl;L> ifNfapapd;

jhjpAk;> clypy; $d; tpOe;j Njhw;wKila ke;jiu vDk; ngaH

nfhz;l ~$dp|> vd;d elf;fpwJ vd;W ghHg;gjw;fhf ntspNa

te;jhs;.

“me;efH mzpTWk; mkiy thdtH

nghd;dfH ,ay;ngd nghypAk; vy;tapy;

,d;dy; nra; ,uhtzd; ,ioj;j jPikNghy;

Jd;dUk; nfhLkdf; $dp Njhd;wpdhs;".

,e;jf; $dpahy; tpisag; NghFk; jPikfisf; fUj;jpy;

nfhz;L> nfhLkdf; $dp vd;Wk;> ,Wjpapy; ,uhtzd; tjk;

nra;ag; gLtjw;F ,ts; nra;Ak; #o;r;rpNa fhuzkhf ,Uf;fg;

NghfpwJ vd;gijf; fhl;Lk; tpjj;jpy;> ,uhtzd; ,ioj;j

jPikNghy;; $dp Njhd;wpdhs;. ,ts; %Tyfq;fSf;Fk; jdJ

nrayhy; Jd;gk; %l;Lths;. ,uhkDf;Fg; gl;lhgpN\fk; vd;w

nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lTld; neQ;R Jbj;J tUe;jpdhs;. jhq;nfhzhf;

Nfhgk; nfhz;lhs;@ kdk; rQ;rykile;jhs;@ rpdj;jhy; fz;fs;

jPapid ckpo;e;jd.

“Njhd;wpa $dpAk; Jbf;Fk; neQ;rpds;

Cd;wpa ntFspahs;@ cisf;Fk; cs;sj;jhs;

fhd;W vup eadj;jhs;@ fypf;Fk; nrhy;ypdhs;@

%d;W cyfpDf;Fk; XH ,Lf;fz; %l;Lths;".

,tSf;F Vd; ,t;tsT Nfhgk;? Mj;jpuk;? ,uhkd; kPJ Vd;

,t;tsT nghwhik? fhuz;k; ,Uf;fpwJ. Kd;nghU ehs; ,uhkd;

rpWtdhf ,Ue;j NghJ> jd; tpy;ypy; kz; cUz;ilfis itj;J

,e;jf; $dpapd; $d;tpOe;J tise;j KJfpy; mbj;jijj; jd;

Mo;kdj;jpy; ,Uj;jp tUe;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. vdNt mtd; kPJ

nfhz;bUe;j Mj;jpuj;jhy;> mtDf;F Kb#l;Ltpoh vd;w

nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lTld; mtSf;F kpFe;j Nfhgj;ij cz;L

gz;ZfpwJ. jd; v[khdpahd ifNfapaplk; tpiue;J nry;fpwhs;.

,uhtz tjj;jpw;fhf> ,e;jf; $dp NjtHfshy;

mDg;gg;gl;ljhf Mo;thH ghRuq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ifNfap jdJ

khspifapy; gl;L nkj;ijapy;> filf;fz;fs; mUs; nghopa

jpUg;ghw;flypy; fplf;Fk; gtsf;nfhbNghy gLj;jpUe;jhs;. rpy

150

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Nfhs;fspd; Mjpf;fk; jPikfis tpistpf;Fk;. mJNghd;w xU jPa

fpufkhf $dp ifNfapiaj; njhl;L vOg;gpdhs;. $dpapd; if

gl;lJk; tpopj;Jf; nfhz;l ifNfap> miuj; J}f;fj;jpy; vOe;J

“vd;dB?" vd;W Nfl;ff; $dp Gyk;gj; njhlq;fpdhs;. “mbNa

ifNfap! uhF jd;idg; gpbf;f tUk;NghJk; jd; jz;nzhspiag;

gug;gp epw;Fk; re;jpud; Nghy> cd;idj; NjbtUk; jPik njupahky;

J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhNa! vOe;jpU" vd;whs;. “vd;db Jd;gk;

vdf;F? vd;d Jd;gk; NeHe;jhYk; mitfisg; Nghf;f ty;y vd;

kf;fs; ehy;tUk; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vdf;F vd;db ftiy? cyfj;jpy;

ey;y Gjy;tHfisg; ngw;wtHfs; ,k;ikapy; kl;Lky;y> kWikapYk;

ew;fjp ngWtH. mjpYk; ,uhkNd kfdhfg; ngw;w vdf;F vd;db

jPik te;JtpLk;?" vd;whs; ifNfap. “Nghb mwptw;wtNs! cdf;F

tUk; ed;ikfs; midj;Jk; njhiye;J Nghapw;W. cd; nry;tk;

midj;Jk; mope;J Nghapw;W. Gj;jprhypahd Nfhriy> jd;

Gj;jpahy; tho;fpwhs;" vd;whs; $dp. “jrujidf; fztdhfTk;>

gujid kfdhfTk; ngw;w kfuhrp nfsriyf;F ,ijtpl vd;d

Nkk;gl;l tho;T fpilj;JtpLk;? vd;W $dp $wtUk; nra;jp mwpahj

ey;ykd ifNfap gjpyspj;jhs;.

,uhkidj; jd; kfd; vd;Wk;> gujidf; Nfhriyapd;

ike;jd; vdTk; vz;zp tsHj;J te;j ghq;Fk;> gue;j FzKk;>

ey;nyz;zKk; ,e;jf; $w;wpd; %yk; tpsq;FfpwJ my;yth? rpy

ngz;fs; jd; fztDila jq;ifaplk; NgRk; NghJ> vd; GU\d;

vd;W nrhy;yhky; “cd; mz;zd;" vd;W Fwpg;gpLthHfs;> mijg;

NghyTk; ifNfap nrhd;dhNsh vd;dNth? “jhlif vd;w

ngz;izf; nfhd;W Mz;fs; vy;yhk; gupfrpf;Fk;gbahfTk;> tPuk;

khR gLk;gbahfTk;> jd; ifapy; tpy; Ve;jp epw;Fk; ,uhkd; ehis

Kb#l;bf; nfhs;sg; Nghfpwhdhk;" vd;whs; $dp. ,e;j

thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;lJk; ifNfapapd; kdk; Mde;jf; $j;jhbaJ.

“,uhkDf;F Kb#l;L tpohth? vd; fz;kzp ,uhkDf;fh?"

fz;fspy; kfpo;r;rp nghq;f> cs;sk; fspg;gpy; $j;jhl “ey;y nra;jp

nfhz;L te;j cdf;F ,e;jh ,e;j kzpkhiy" vd;W xU tpiy

kjpf;f Kbahj ,uj;jpd khiyiag; guprhf mspj;jhs;.

ifNfap tUe;Jths; vd;W vjpHghHj;jjw;F khwhf> ,g;gb

Mde;jf; $j;jhbaJ fz;L $dpf;F Mj;jpuk; te;jJ. $r;rypl;lhs;@

ifNfapia mjl;bdhs;@ Nfhgkha; ghHj;jhs;@ itjhs;@ ntg;g

151


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;@ jd; Nfhyj;ij myq;Nfhykhf Mf;fpf; nfhz;L

xg;ghup itj;J mOjhs;@ ifNfap guprspj;j ,uj;jpd khiyiaj;

J}f;fp vwpe;jhs;. me;jf; $dpapd; cly; kl;Lk; $dy; my;y@ mts;

kdk;> Fzk;> nray; midj;JNk Nfhzy;jhd;. mts; ifNfapiag;

ghHj;J nrhy;fpwhs;: “mbNa! eP Ngij@ mwptpyp@ igj;jpaf;fhup@

cd; kfNdhL neLehs; tho;e;J Jd;gg;glg; Nghfpwha;. eP cd;

%j;jhshd nfsriyf;F jhjpahfp rPuopag; Nghfpwha;. mij

vd;dhy; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ."

“,uhkDf;F Kb#l;bdhy;> mtd; rPijNahL Mlk;gukhf

rpk;khrdj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;f> cd; kfd; gujd; mtDf;F Vty;

nra;Ak; njhz;ldhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j epiyia czHe;j

gpwFk;> eP kfpo;r;rp milfpwha; vd;why; ehd; vd;d nrhy;y

,Uf;fpwJ? Nfhriy jd; rhkHj;jpaj;jhy; muridf; iff;Fs;

Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L ,uhkDf;F muRupik thq;fp tpl;lhs;. mts;

tho;ths;. ePAk; ,Uf;fpwhNa! gujd; cd; kfdha;g; gpwe;jjhy;

nry;tkpoe;J jtpf;fpwhd;. mtd; ,t;Tyfpy; gpwe;Jk; gpwthjtdhf

,Uf;fpwhd;". “me;j ,uhkDk; yf;\;kzDk; ,e;j g+kpia mstw;w

fhyk; nry;tr; nrWf;NfhL Ms cd; kfd; gujDk; rj;Uf;FdDk;

fhL Ngha; jtkpaw;wp tpujk; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; ed;W. mur Fyj;jpy;

vy;yh rpwg;GfNshLk; gpwe;jpUe;Jk; gujd; ehlhSk; NgW ngwhjtd;.

,g;gb xU #o;r;rpia kdjpy; nfhz;Ljhd; jrujd;> gujid Nffa

ehl;Lf;F mDg;gptpl;L> ,uhkDf;F Kb #l;l Vw;ghL nra;fpwhd;

vd;W ,g;NghJ vdf;Fg; GupfpwJ".

“INah! gujh! vd; mg;gNd! eP vd;d nra;tha;? je;ijNah

cdf;Fj; JNuhfk; nra;fpwhd;. jhAk; cd;idg; nghUj;jtiu

nfhbatshf ,Uf;fpwhs;> vd;d nra;tha;?> ifNfap! eP murpaha;g;

gpwe;J> murpahf muz;kidapy; tsHe;J> rf;futHj;jpf;F

tho;f;ifg;gl;Lk; Jauf; flypy; tPo;fpwhNa! ,uhkidtpl ve;j

tpjj;jpYk; Fiwtpyhj gujd; rhf;filapy; ,ope;j mKjk;Nghy

tPzhfpwhNd!"

10.6. ifNfapapd; rpdk; ,g;gb $dp Ngrpa nrhw;fs; ifNfapf;F NkYk; Nfhgj;ij

%l;baJ. fz;fs; rpte;jd. $dpiag; ghHj;J “nfhbatNs! #upa

Fyj;jpy; cjpj;j kd;dHfs; capUk; nry;tKk; NghdhYk; rj;jpak;

jtwkhl;lhHfs;. mg;gb kD ePjpg;gb uh[;a gupghydk;

eilngWk;NghJ> cd; ,ope;j Gj;jpahy; ,g;gbg; Ngrptpl;lha;. eP

152

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




vdf;Fk; ey;yts; ,y;iy@ gujDf;Fk; ey;yts; ,y;iy. jHk

epahag;gb ghHj;jhy;> eP cdf;Nf ey;yts; ,y;iy. Co;tpid

ce;j ,q;Nf te;J ,g;gbnay;yhk; NgRfpwha;."

“vdf;F ey;iyAk; my;iy@ eP vd; kfd; gujd;

jdf;F ey;iyAk; my;iy@ mj;jUkNk Nehf;fpd;

cdf;F ey;iyAk; my;iy@ te;J Co;tpid J}z;l

kdf;F ey;yd nrhy;ypid kjpapyh kdj;Njha;".

“xUtH thOk;NghJk; GfOld; thoNtz;Lk;. ,we;j gpwFk;

GfOld; thoNtz;Lk;. me;jg; Gfio NeHikNahLk;> jHkj;NjhLk;

ele;J jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jHkg;gb %j;jtNd

murhs Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F khwhdijr; nra;jhy; mJ ,Of;F.

nra;aj; jf;fJ md;W. Gupe;Jnfhs;! kjpnfl;ltNs! eP Ngrpa

Ngr;Rf;F cd; ehit mWj;njwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gofpa

fhuzj;Jf;fhfg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. eP NgrpaJ ntspNa

njupe;jhy; uh[ jz;lidf;F Mshtha;. ,NjhL thia %bf;nfhs;.

,dp vd; Kd; epw;fhNj! XbtpL!" vd;whs; ifNfap.

“ifNfap! eP vd;dplk; Nfhgg;gl;lhYk;> mbj;J tpul;bdhYk;

cdf;F cz;ikia czHj;jhky; Nghfkhl;Nld;" vd;W

nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl ifNfapapd; ghjq;fspy; tPo;e;J gzpe;J tzq;fp

NkYk; NgRfpwhs; ke;jiu.

“%j;jtd; ,Uf;f ,isatDf;Fg; gl;lk; ,y;iy vd;fpwha;.

rup! mg;gbahdhy; tajpy; %j;j jrujd; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj

,uhkDf;F Kb#l;ly; vq;qdk; nghUe;Jk;? mg;gb ,Uf;f

gujDf;F Kb#l;Ljy; vg;gb jtwhFk;? nry;tk; te;Jtpl;lhy;

cwT VJ? NfhriyAk; ,uhkDk; ,dp Kd;Nghy ,Ug;gH vd;gJ

vd;d epr;rak;? kdj;jhy; cdf;Fj; jPq;F nra;a epidg;ghHfs;.

,uhkDf;F uh[;ak; vd;W Mfptpl;lhy; nghwhik Fzk; nfhz;l

Nfhriy cd;idAk;> cd; kfidAk; vg;gb elj;Jths;? mts;

cte;J NghLk; gpr;irjhd; cq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;."

“,g;NghJ eP tpUk;gpatHfSf;nfy;yhk; jhd jHkk;

nra;fpwhNa> ,dp KbAkh? me;j Nfhriyaplk; Ngha; jhdk; nra;a

nghUs; nfhL vd;W Nfl;ghNah? my;yJ Nfl;gtHfSf;F ,y;iy

vd;W nrhy;yp mDg;gptpLthNah? my;yJ nfhLf;f Kbatpy;iyNa

vd;W mtkhdj;jhy; khz;L NghthNah? vg;gb ,Uf;fg; Nghfpwha;?

nrhy;!".

153


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

“eP xU Nguurp vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cd; jha;

je;ijaH ,q;F te;J eP ,Uf;Fk; epiyiag; ghHj;jhy; vd;d

epidg;ghHfs;. [dfd; Kd;dNk cd; je;ijaplk; gif nfhz;ltd;.

cd; fztDf;F mQ;rp ,Jtiu thshtpUf;fpwhd;. ,dp ,uhkd;

murd; vd;W Mfptpl;lhy;> mtd; jd;Dila khkdhH gf;fk;

,Ug;ghd;. mg;NghJ cd; je;ijapd; fjp vd;d?"

“Nfhriyiag; Nghy Kad;wpUe;jhy; ePAk; cd; kfd;

gujid murdhf;fpapUf;fyhk;. mij eP nfLj;J tpl;lha;. ,dp

toptopahf ,uhkd; topj; Njhd;wy;fSf;Nf muRupik Ngha;tpLk;.

gujDk;> rj;Uf;FdDk; jpz;lhbf; nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;." ,t;thW $dp

vDk; ke;jiu ifNfapapd; kdijr; rpWfr; rpWf khw;wpdhs;.

ifNfapf;F jpUkzkhfpf; fztd; tPl;Lf;F te;jNghJ> mts;

md;id ,e;j ke;jiunaDk; $dpiaj; Jizahf mDg;gpdhs;.

“,g;NghJ cdf;Ff; NfL te;Jw;wNghJ ehd; fhg;ghw;wtpy;iy vd;w

Vr;R vdf;F tUk;" vd;W nrhy;yp $dp ifNfapiaj; J}z;Lfpwhs;.

“jPa ke;jiu ,t;Tiu nrg;gYk; Njtp

J}a rpe;ijAk; jpupe;jJ #o;r;rpapd;@ ,ikNahH

khiaAk;> mtH ngw;Ws tuk; cz;ikahYk;>

Ma me;jzH ,aw;wpa mUe;jtj;jhYk;".

ifNfap kdk; khwp> jrujdplk; tuk; Nfl;L ,uhkidf;

fhl;Lf;F mDg;g Ntz;Lk;> ,uhkd; fhl;by; muf;fHfis mopj;J

,uhtz tjKk; epiwNtw Ntz;Lnkd;W NjtHfs; khak;

nra;jpUe;jhHfs;> mjd; gadhfTk;> Kdptu;fSk; NtjpaHfSk;

muf;fHfspd; mopTf;fhfr; nra;j mUk;ngUk; jt Nts;tpfspd;

gydhYk;> ke;jiu ifNfapapd; kdij khw;wptpl;ljwpe;J NjtHfs;

kfpo;e;jhHfs;. ke;jiu nra;j khaj;jpd; tpisthf ifNfap kdk;

khwpdhs;. $dpapd; nrhw;fs; kl;Lkh mjw;Ff; fhuzk;> ,y;iy

,y;iy> NjtHfspd; khiaAk;> up\pfspd; Ntz;LjYk; $l

fhuzkhapd.

10.7. ifNfapapd; kdkhw;wk; muf;fHfs; nra;j ghtKk;> mwNthH nra;j jtKk;$l ey;y

rpe;jidAs;s ifNfapapd; kdk; jpupaf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.

Vnddpd; ,uhk mtjhuNk ,uhtz rk;`huk;jhd; Nehf;fk;.

mjdhy;jhd; J}a rpe;jidAs;s ifNfap kdk; khwTk;> ifNfap

fhuzkhf ,Ue;J ,uhkd; tdk; GfTk;> muf;fH mopaTk;

fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhs; vDk; fUj;jpidf; fhZk;NghJ> ifNfap kPJ

154

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tUk; Nfhgk; ekf;nfy;yhk; kiwe;JtpLky;yth? jd;idf; fhl;Lf;F

mDg;g fhuzkhf ,Ue;j ifNfapiaj; jd; jha; vd;W ,Wjpapy;

,uhkgpuhd; ngUiknfhz;lJ kl;Lky;y> jd; je;ij jrujidAk;

~mts; ,dp vd; kidtp ,y;iy| vd;W $wpa rgjj;ijAk; khw;wpf;

nfhs;sr; nra;fpwhNd!

kdk; khwpa ifNfap $dpia md;NghL ghHj;J “ke;jiu> eP

vdf;Fk; ey;yts;> vd; kfDf;Fk; ey;yts;. eP $wpagb gujd;

murd; Mtjw;F XH cghak; nrhy;" vd;whs;. rw;WKd;Gjhd;

ifNfap me;jf; $dpia “eP vdf;F ey;iyAk; my;iy@ eP vd;

kfd; gujDf;Fk; ey;iyAk; my;iy> mj;jUk Nehf;fpy; cdf;Fk;

ey;iyAk; my;iy" vd;W nrhd;dij khw;wp> ,g;NghJ $dp

jdf;Fk; jd; kfDf;Fk; ey;yts; vd;fpwhs; ifNfap.

,JfhWk; ifNfapia mwptpypnad gopj;j $dp mij

khw;wpg; NgRfpwhs;. “mwpthw;wy; kpf;f ifNfap! vd; nrhy;iyj;

jl;lhky; ele;jhy; gujd; Kb#l;bf; nfhs;tJ cWjp" vd;whs;.

cliyg; NghyNt cs;sKk; Nfhzyhfpg;Nghd $dp NkYk;

NgRfpwhs;: “Kd;G rk;guhRuDld; ee;j Nghupy; cd; fztd;

jrujDf;F eP nra;j cjtpiag; ghuhl;b mtd; cdf;F ,uz;L

tuq;fisf; nfhLj;jhdy;yth? mjid eP gpwF ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjhff; $wpapUe;jhay;yth> me;j ,uz;L tuq;fisAk; eP

,g;NghJ Nfl;Lg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;" “eP ngWk; ,uz;L tuq;fspy;

xd;wpdhy;> gujDf;F muRupikiaAk;> kw;nwhU tuj;jpdhy; ,uhkd;

VopU gUtq;fs; ngUk; fhl;by; Rw;wpj; jpupAk;gbAk; nra;thahf.

,uh[;ak; cd; kfd; gujDf;Ff; fpilf;f ,J xd;Nw top" vd;whs;

$dp.

,g;gbr; nrhd;d $dpia> kdkfpo;e;J ifNfap Muj; jOtpf;

nfhz;lhs;. etuj;d khiyiaAk;> nghUisAk; nfhLj;J> vd;

kfDf;F ,t;Tyfk; fpilf;Fk;gb nra;jha;. eP ,dp mtDf;F jha;

Nghd;wts;" vd;W ghuhl;bdhs;. “eP $wpa cghak; kpfTk; ed;W.

mjd;gbNa ehd; nra;J Kbg;Ngd;. ,y;iynadpy; vd; Mtp

Jwg;Ngd;".

10.8. ifNfapapd; epfo;j;jpa ehlfk; ke;jiuia ntspNa Nghfr; nrhy;yptpl;L ifNfap> jd; kyH

kQ;rj;jpypUe;J ,wq;fpf; fPNo tpOe;J> jiyapy; #bapUe;j

kyHfisg; gpa;j;J vwpe;jhs;. ,ilapy; mzpe;jpUe;j Nkfiyia

155


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mWj;J tPrpdhs;@ ghj fpz;fpzpiaAk;> if tisay;fisAk;

fow;wp vwpe;jhs;@ new;wpapy; mzpe;jpUe;j Fq;Fkj; jpyfj;ij

mopj;jhs;@ NkNy mzpe;jpUe;j ,uj;jpd Mguzq;fis tPrp

vwpe;jhs;@ $e;jiyg; gpupj;Jj; jiuapy; gue;J tpupe;J fplf;FkhW

nra;jhs;: fz;fspy; g+rpapUe;j mQ;rdk; fiua mOjhs;@

,iyfSk; g+f;fSk; ePq;fpa ntw;W kuk;Nghy epykpir tPo;e;jhs;.

moFk;> kq;fyKk; jUk; nghUl;fisnay;yhk; ePf;fptpl;L> gpd;dhy;

jdf;F tug;NghFk; ifk;ik Nfhy epiyia Kd;djhfNt

Nkw;nfhz;lhs; ifNfap.

“et;tp tPo;e;jd> ehlf kapy; Japd;nwd;d

ft;it $Hjur; rdfpahk; fbfko; fkyj;J

mt;it ePq;Fk; vd;W mNahj;jp te;J mile;j

jd;it Mk; vdf; fple;jds;> Nffad; jdia".

Js;sp tpisahLfpd;w khd; fPNo tpOe;J fplg;gijg; Nghy

fple;jhs;@ Njhif tpupj;jhLk; kapy; Japy; nfhs;tJ Nghy

jiuapy; fple;jhs;@ kzkpf;f nre;jhkiu kyupy; thrk; nra;Ak;

jpUkfshd [hdfp mNahj;jp efiu tpl;L ePq;fpdhs; vd;W fUjp

me;j ,lj;jpw;F te;Jtpl;l yf;\;kpapd; %j;jtshd %Njtp Nghyf;

fple;jhs; Nffa kd;ddpd; Gj;jpupahd ifNfap.

md;iwa nghOJ rha;e;jJ. ,uT Neuk; te;J NrHe;jJ.

,utpd; eL [hk Neuk;. kWehs; Kb#l;L tpohtpw;fhd

Vw;ghLfisnay;yhk; nra;J Kbj;Jtpl;L jd; md;gpw;F mjpfKk;

ghj;jpukhd ifNfapapd; ,y;yj;Jf;F kfpo;r;rpNahL te;J NrHe;jhd;

jrujd;. khspifapd; cs;Ns nrd;W jiuapy; myq;Nfhykhf

tpOe;J fplf;Fk; ifNfapiaf; fz;lhd;. xU ahidj; jd;

Jjpf;ifahy; vLg;gJ Nghy mtisj; jd; ePz;l fuq;fshy; J}f;fp

vLj;jhd;. mtdJ iffis tpyf;fptpl;L> mts; kPz;Lk; rupe;J

jiuapy; tPo;e;jhs;.“ifNfap! vd;d ele;jJ? cdf;F ,opT

nra;jtH ahuhapDk; vd; ifahy; khz;nlhoptH. ele;jijr; nrhy;.

mjd; gpwF ghH!" vd;whd; jrujd;. “vd;ghy; ckf;F cz;ikahd

md;Gk;> mUSk; cz;L vd;why;> Kd;Nd vdf;F mspj;jtw;iw

ePq;fs; kdKte;J ,g;NghJ juNtz;Lk;" vd;whs; ifNfap. ,ijf;

Nfl;L jrujd; rpupj;jhd;. “cd; cs;sk; tpUk;gpaijr; nra;Ntd;@

kWf;fkhl;Nld;@ cd; kfDk; ts;sYk;> vd; fz;kzpAkhd ,uhkd;

kPJ Miz" vd;whd; jrujd;. jrujd;> ,uhkd; Nky; Mizapl;Lf;

$wpajhy; thf;Fj; jtwkhl;lhd; vd;W cWjp nra;J nfhz;l

156

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ifNfap> “NjtHfs; rhl;rpahfr; rk;guhRu Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ> ePq;fs;

nfhLg;gjhff; $wpa ,uz;L tuq;fis ,g;NghJ ePq;fs; vdf;Fj;

jUtPuhf!" vd;whs;. “ehd; thf;fspj;j tuq;fs; Ntz;Lnkd;why;

Neubahff; Nfl;fhky;> mjw;F ,j;jid Jd;gg; gLthNdd;.

juNtz;baijj; juhky; ,Ug;gJ ghtk;. clNd Nfs;@ jUfpNwd;"

vd;whd;. clNd ifNfap Nfl;fpwhs;.

“Va tuq;fs; ,uz;by; xd;wpdhy; vd;

Nra; cyfhs;tJ> rPij Nfs;td; xd;why;

Ngha; tdk; Ms;tJ vdg;Gfd;W epd;whs;

jPait ahitapDk; rpwe;j jPahs;".

“ePq;fs; nfhLj;j ,uz;L tuq;fspy; xd;wpdhy; vd; kfd;

gujd; Kb#bf;nfhz;L uh[;aj;ij MsTk;> kw;nwhU tuj;jpdhy;

rPijkzhsd; ,uhkd; Ngha; tdk; GFjYk; Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;lhs;.

jPikfSf;nfy;yhk; rpwe;j jPikahf tpsq;Fk; ifNfap. mts;

thapypUe;J Gwg;gl;l tp\k; Nghd;w nrhw;fisf; Nfl;l jrujd;

fPNo tpOe;jhd;. mg;NghJ kd;dd; jrujd; mile;j Ntjid

nrhy;Yk; jukhNkh? kdk; cise;J nfhy;yd; ciyf;fsk; Nghy

ntg;gg; ngU%r;R tpl;lhd;. ifNfap Nky; Nfhgk; jiyf;Nfw>

xd;Wk; nra;a Kbahky; jpifj;jhd;. kdKk; Gyd;fSk; kuz

fhyk;Nghy fyq;fpd. nra;tjwpahJ jtpj;jhd;. vOthd;@ gpd;G

kdk; fyq;fp tpOthd;@ mkHthd;@ epw;ghd;@ gpd;dUk; tPo;thd;@

ifNfapiag; gw;wp vw;w vz;Zthd;@ gpd; jsHe;J Nghthd;.

ngU%r;nrwpe;J cyhtpAk;> maHe;J epd;Wk; gythW

tUe;jpdhd;. mtd; nfhLj;j tuj;jpy; xd;W mtd; neQ;rpy; gha;e;J

Gz;zhf;f> kw;nwhd;W me;jg; Gz;zpy; jPnadg; gha;e;jJ. ,t;tsT

Jd;gq;fisAk; jrujd; mDgtpf;Fk; NghJk; ifNfap fz;fspy;

ve;j khw;wKk; ,y;iy. ngz;ikf;Nf cupj;jhd mr;rk;> ehzk;>

,uf;fk; midj;ijAk; ePf;fptpl;ltisg; Nghyj; Njhd;wpdhs;.

mtsJ kdjpypUe;j tQ;rj;jpd; Mok; Gupahky; jrujd; mts; kPJ

capiuNa itj;jpUe;jhNd!

ifNfapia jrujd; NeUf;F Neuhfg; ghHj;J “cdf;F vd;d

Gj;jp Ngjypj;J tpl;ljh? ahNuDk; tQ;ridahy; cd; kdjpy;

fyf;fk; Vw;gLj;jpdhNuh? vd; Nky; Miz> cz;ikiar; nrhy;"

vd;whd; jrujd;. ifNfap kdk; jsutpy;iy. jrujDf;F kWnkhop

nrhd;dhs;.

157


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

“jpirj;jJk; ,y;iy@ vdf;F te;J jPNahH

,irj;jJk; ,y;iy@ Kd; <e;j ,t;tuq;fis

Firg;gupNaha;! jupd; ,d;W nfhs;ntd;@ md;Nwy;

tirj;jpwd; epd;tapd; epw;f khs;ntd;" vd;whs;.

“eP nfhLj;j ,uz;L tuq;fis> vdf;F Ntz;Lk;NghJ

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjhfr; nrhd;Ndd;. ,g;NghJ mtw;iwf; Nfl;fpNwd;.

nfhLg;gjhdhy; rup@ ,y;iyNay; ehd; vd; capiu kha;j;Jf;

nfhs;fpNwd;" vd;fpwhs; ifNfap.

,uhkd; tdk; GfNtz;Lk; vd;W tuk; Nfl;L> mjpy; ,ts;

cWjpahf ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gij czHe;j jrujd; “M!

nfhbatNs!" vd;fpwhd;. gpd;G capH NrhHfpwhd;. INah! jHkj;ijf;

fhg;gJ kpf kpff; nfhbaJ vd;fpwhd;. ~rj;jpak; vd;d Ntz;bf;

fplf;fpwJ> rhfl;Lk;| vd;W vz;zp vOthd;> gpd;G js;shb fPNo

tpOthd;. ,e;jg; ngz;fNs tQ;rfpfs;. Fy NflHfs;. mtNshL

ngz; Fyj;ijNa g+z;NlhL mopj;J tpLfpNwd;> mjdhy; fPo;

kf;fs; tupirapy; ehDk; NrHe;J nfhs;tjhy; Fw;wkpy;iy vd

nghq;fp vOfpwhd;.

“ifNahL ifag; Gilf;Fk;> tha; fbf;Fk;

nka;Aiu Fw;wnkdg; GOq;fp tpk;Kk;

nea;naup cw;nwd neQ;R mope;J NrhUk;

itaf Kw;W ele;j tha;ik kd;dd;".

,g;gbj; Jd;gj;jhy; gygbahfr; rpe;jpj;J jrujd; xd;Wk;

nra;ahJ nghWj;J> ehd; gLk; ngUk; Jd;gk; fz;Lk;> rpwpNjDk;

kdkpuq;fpj; jd; epiyapdpd;Wk; khwhj ,tis> ,ue;J Ntz;Ljy;

xUf;fhy; gyd; mspf;ff;$Lk; vd;W fUjp> mt;thNw nra;aj;

Jzpe;jhd;. jrujd; ifNfapapd; fhy;fspy; tPo;e;J mtsplk;

nfQ;Rfpwhd;.

10.9. jrujd; kd;whly; “ifNfap! ifNfap! cd; kfd; gujd;> ,e;j muir

Vw;fkhl;lhd;. mg;gb mtd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk;> ,e;j ehLk;

kf;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhHfs;. gujd; ehL Ms> ,uhkd; fhL

GFjiy NjtUk; xg;gkhl;lhHfs;. ,uhkd; fhL nrd;why;> kf;fs;

capH tho khl;lhHfs;. mg;Gwk;> eP ahNuhL ,Ue;J ,e;j muir

Msg;Nghfpwha;?". “,uhkid Kb#l;bf; nfhs;s Kiwg;gb

Nfl;ljhy;> mtd; xg;Gf;nfhz;lhd;. eP cd; kfd; gujDf;F Ml;rp

158

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,uhkdplk; $wpdhy;> mtNd kdk; tpUk;gp

uh[;aj;ijf; nfhLj;J tpLthd;. ifNfap! eP vd; fz;fis

Ntz;LkhdhYk; Nfs;! nfhLj;J tpLfpNwd;. vd; capiu

Ntz;LkhdhYk; Nfs;! nfhLj;J tpLfpNwd;. Ntz;Lkhdhy; cd;

kfDf;F ,e;j uh[;aj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;. kw;nwhU tuj;ij kl;Lk;

kwe;J tpL!". “ifNfap! ehd; nrhd;d nrhy; jtwkhl;Nld;.

jtwpdhy;> mJ Fw;wkhFk;. ehd; Ntz;Lfpd;w tuj;ij eP kdkpuq;fp

juNtz;Lk;. ,uf;fkw;w Nga;$l tUe;jp xUtH ahrpj;jhy; kdk;

,uq;fpj; je;JtpLk;. eP juyhfhjh?"

,g;gbg; gyg;gy nrhy;yp ,iwQ;rpAk; me;jj; jPats;

ifNfap> kdk; ,uq;ftpy;iy. “kd;dh! ,e;j tuq;fis Kd;Nd

je;jha;. ,g;NghJ jukWj;J Nfhgg;gl;lhy;> cd; tha;ik vd;dhtJ?

tha;ikf;F xU jrujd; vd;W cyfj;jhH nrhy;thHfNs! ,dp ahH

,Uf;fpwhHfs; ,e;j cyfpy; tha;ikiaf; fhf;f?" ,e;jr;

nrhw;fisf; Nfl;L tUe;jpa jrujd;> ,ts; ngz; my;y. capiuf;

nfhy;Yk; tp\k; vd;W %Hr;rpj;Jg; gpd; vOe;J kWgbAk;

nfQ;Rfpwhd;. “ehL KOtijAk; nfhLj;J tpLfpNwd;. ngha; $Nwd;.

cd; kfNd ,e;j uh[;aj;ij Msl;Lk;. ePNa Mz;L nfhs;. cd;

mjpfhuj;ijr; nrYj;J. Mdhy;> vd; kfd;> vd; fz;Nghd;w ,uhkd;

,e;j ehl;iltpl;Lf; fhdfk; Nghf kl;Lk; nrhy;yhNj! vdf;F ,e;j

tuj;ijf; nfhL" vd;whd;. “,uhkidf; fhzhky; ehd; capNuhL

,Uf;f khl;Nld;. vdNt vd; capH> cd; milf;fykhf cd;

ifapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mij eP fhj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. jaT nra;J kdk;

,uq;Fthahf!" “eP ,ug;gJ Nghy Nfl;lhYk;> typikAs;s eP vdf;F

,Lk; Mizjhd; eP Nfl;gJ. ,J mwky;y> nfhLj;j thf;ifj;

jtwtpLtJjhd; jHkkh?" vd;whs; ifNfap. ,t;tsT kd;whbAk;

kdk; ,uq;fhjijf; fz;L kd;dd; ~,dp ,uhkd; fhL Nghtijf;

jLf;fTk; ,ayhJ@ vd; capH gpuptijAk; jLf;f ,ayhJ| vd;W

czHe;J maHTw;Wf; fPNo tPo;e;jhd;. ,Jtiu ,dpatshfg; gofp

te;j ,e;jf; ifNfapaplk; ,t;tsT nfhLikAk;> mw;gj;jdKk;

Fbnfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;L Jauk; fiufhzhjjhapw;W@ jiuapNy

kdk; ntJk;gpg; Gus;fpwhd;.

“fztNdhL jhDk; ,we;J NghFk; ngz;fisg;

ghHj;jpUf;fpNwd;. Mdhy;> fztd; capiuNa Nghf;fpLk; cd;

Nghd;wtis ehd; ghHj;jjpy;iy. ngz;ik Fzq;fs; vJTNk

159


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

,y;yhj eP! fztidNa nfhy;yj; Jzpe;J tpl;lha;. cd;id ehd;

nfhy;yhtpbDk;> cyfj;jhH cd;idf; nfhd;W xopg;gH.

ngz;fSf;Nf cupj;jhd mr;rk;> klk;> ehzk;> gapHg;G vJTk;

,y;yhj eP ngz;Nz my;y! ehzkpy;yhH eq;ifahfhH. cUtj;jhy;

ngz;zhapDk; Mz;ghyNu!" “cly;typ> giltyp> kjptd;ik Mfpa

vy;yhr; rpwg;igAk; ngw;w murH kw;Wk; NjtHfis ntd;W> jrujd;

vd;W ngaH ngw;w ehd;> xU rhjhuzg; ngz;zhNy> kidtpahNy

NfLw;whd; vDk; gopr; nrhy;Yf;F Mshfp tpl;NlNd!" ,g;gbg;

gw;gyr; nrhy;yp Gyk;gpdhd; jrujd;.

vjw;Fk; ,uq;fhj nfhLkdf; ifNfap “muNr! gygbahfg;

NgrNtz;lhk;. ehd; Nfl;l tuq;fisj; jtwhJ nfhLj;jjhf

kdjhur; nrhy;. ,y;iyNay; ,g;NghNj capH tpLNtd;" vd;whs;.

,tsJ nfhLQ;nrhy; Nfl;l kd;dd;> ,ts; ,we;J tpLNtd;

vd;fpwhNs vd;W fUjp ~,e;j tuq;fisj; je;Njd;! je;Njd;!|

vd;whd;. ehd; ,we;J Ngha; tpz;Zyif Ms;Ntd;. Mdhy; eP cd;

kfNdhLk; $b> tir nts;sk; $b> gopahfpa ngUnts;sj;jpy;

ePe;jpf; nfhz;bU!" vd;W nrhy;yp kaq;fp fPNo tpOe;jhd;. murd;

tuq;fisf; Nfl;lgb nfhLj;Jtpl;l jpUg;jpapy; ifNfap epk;kjpahf

cwq;fr; nrd;whs;.

10.10. ifNfap ,uhkd; re;jpg;G kWehs; nghOJ tpbe;jJ. Kb#l;Ltpoh nfhz;lhl;lj;Jf;F

efuk; jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. gd;dhl;L murHfSk; te;J Ftpaj;

Jtq;fptpl;lhHfs;. gl;lhgpN\f kz;lgj;Jf;F te;j trp\;lH>

Njitahd nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L te;J NrHj;J> epfo;r;rpfisj;

njhlq;fj; jahuhdhH. kd;didf; $l;bf;nfhz;L tu Rke;jpud;

fpsk;gpr; nrd;whd;. rf;futHj;jp ifNfapapd; muz;kidapy;

,Ug;gJ mwpe;J> mq;Nf nrd;W jhd; te;j tptuj;ijf; $Wfpwhd;.

mjw;F Kd;ghf ifNfap vjpHg;gl;L> ,uhkid clNd ,q;F

mioj;J tUkhW Rke;jpudplk; gzpj;jhs;. Rke;jpud; mts; ,l;l

fl;lisia rpuNky; Vw;W> ,uhkd; ,Uf;Fk; khspiff;Fr; nrd;W>

,uhkidf; fz;L> gl;lhgpN\fj;jpw;F te;jpUf;fpw midtUk;

fhj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mjw;Fs;> cd; rpwpa md;id ifNfap cd;id

mioj;J tUk;gb gzpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. tpiutpy; tUfntdf;

$wpdhH.

,e;j cj;juitf; Nfl;lJk; ,uhkd; vOe;J muq;fg;

ngUkhidr; nrd;W tzq;fptpl;L> ,d;dpir fPjq;fSk;>

160

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tho;j;njhypfSk; Koq;f Rke;jpuNdhL Gwg;gl;lhd;. ,uhkgpuhd;

Njupy; nry;tij efu tPjpfspy; ,UGwKk; jpuz;L epd;w kf;fs;

tho;j;jpdhHfs;. NeNu rgh kz;lgk; nrd;W mq;Nf kd;dd;

fhzg;glhikapdhy;> ifNfapapd; muz;kidiar;

nrd;wile;jhd;.muz;kidAs; nrd;w ,uhkd; mq;Nf kfpo;r;rpahd

#o;epiy ,y;iy vd;gij czHe;jhd;. ,td; tuit vjpHNehf;fp

je;ijAk; ifNfapAk; fhj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. kdf; fyf;fj;NjhL

mtHfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; Nehf;fpr; nry;yj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

,uhkd; tUtijf; fz;l ifNfap> mtd; nrd;W jrujidf;

fz;lhy; vd;d NeUNkh? mtd; thahy; fl;lisfisr;

nrhy;thNdh? mjdhy; ehNd Ngha; Kd;djhf kd;dd;

fl;lisfis mtDf;Fr; nrhy;Ntd; vd;W nrd;whs;. “kfNd!

,uhkh! cd; je;ij vd; %yk; cdf;Fj; njuptpf;fr; nrhd;d

fl;lisnahd;W cz;L. mij ehd; nrhy;yyhnkd;why;

nrhy;YfpNwd;" vd;whs; ifNfap. mjw;F ,uhkd; “je;ij xU

fl;lisapl mijj; jhq;fNs vdf;F mwptpg;gjhdhy;> ,jdpDk;

ew;NgW NtW vdf;F cz;Nlh? vd;dg; Nghy; Nkk;gl;ltd; vtUk;

cz;Nlh? ,J ehd; nra;j jtg; gaNdad;wp Ntnwd;d? je;ijAk;

jhAk; ePq;fNs! mk;kh! fl;lisapLq;fs;" vd;whd;.

“ve;ijNa Vt> ePNu ciunra> ,iae;jJ cz;Nly;

ca;e;jdd; mbNad;> vd;dpw; gpwe;jtH csNuh thop

te;jJ vd; jtj;jpd; Ma gad;> kw;nwhd;W cz;Nlh

je;ijAk; jhAk; ePNu! jiy epd;Nwd;> gzpkpd; vd;whd;".

ifNfap> jdJ fl;lisfis ,uhkDf;F njuptpf;fpwhs;.

~fly; #o;e;j ,t;Tyif gujNd Ms> eP Ngha; rlhKb jupj;Jf;

nfhz;L> jtq;fisr; nra;J> fhdfk; nrd;W> Gz;zpa jPHj;jq;fspy;

ePuhb gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs; nrd;wgpd; th| vd;W murd; nrhd;dhd;

vd;whs;.

“Mop#o; cyfnky;yhk; gujNd Ms> eP Ngha;

jhopU rilfs; jhq;fpj; jhq;fUk; jtk; Nkw;nfhz;L

g+opntk; fhdk; ez;zpg; Gz;zpaj; Jiwfshb

Vopnuz;L Mz;bd; th vd;W ,ak;gpdd; murd; vd;whs;".

,jid ehd; $wtpy;iy@ cd; je;ij murd; nrhd;dhd; vd;W

,uhkdplk; rhkHj;jpakhf ciuf;fpwhs;.

“,g;nghOJ vk;kNdhuhy; ,ak;GtJ vspNjh ahUk;

161


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nrg;gUk; Fzj;J ,uhkd; jpUKfr; nrt;tp Nehf;fpd;

xg;gNj Kd;G> gpd;G mt;thrfk; czuf; Nfl;l

mg;nghOJ myHe;j nre;jhkiuapid ntd;wjk;kh".

rf;futHj;jp jrujd; fl;lis ,l;l fhuzj;jpdhy; Kb#l;bf;nfhs;s

,uhkd; rk;kjpj;jhNdad;wp> tpUk;gp ,e;j mur ghuk; Vw;f

rk;kjpf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ,g;NghJ ehl;il gujDf;Ff;

nfhLj;Jtpl;L> jhd; tdk; nrd;W jtk; Nkw;nfhz;L> Gz;zpa

ejpfshb gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs; Kbe;jgpd; th vd;W je;ij

Mizapl;ljha;> jha; $wpaJk; kl;lw;w kfpo;r;rpaile;J tz;bapy;

g+l;lg;gl;l khL fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;lJ Nghy czHe;jhd; ,uhkd;.

Kd;G cdf;F kFlk; vd;wNghJ mtd; Kfk; vg;gbapUe;jNjh>

mJNghyNt kFlk; cdf;F ,y;iy> gujDf;Fj;jhd;> eP gjpdhd;F

Mz;Lfs; tdthrk; nra;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;W nrhd;dNghJk;

mNjNghy> md;W kyHe;j nre;jhkiu kyHNghy xspNahLk;>

kyHr;rpNahLk; ,Ue;jJ.

“jhNa! kd;ddpd; fl;lis ,y;iynad;whYk;> jq;fs;

fl;lisia ehd; kWg;Ngdh? vd; jk;gp gujd; ngw;w nry;tk; ehd;

ngw;wJ Nghytd;Nwh? jq;fs; fl;lisia rpuNkw;nfhz;Nld;.

,g;nghONj fhdfk; nry;fpNwd;> jq;fsplk; tpilngWfpNwd;"

vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

“kd;dtd; gzp md;whfpDk; Ek; gzp kWg;gNdh vd;

gpd;dtd; ngw;w nry;tk; mbaNdd; ngw;wjd;Nwh!

vd; ,dp cWjp> mg;ghy; ,g;gzp jiyNkw;nfhz;Nld;

kpd;ndhspH fhdk; ,d;Nw Nghfpd;Nwd; tpilAk; nfhz;Nld;"

,uhkd; ,t;thW ifNfaplk; nrhy;yptpl;L> mtisj;

njhOJ ek];fupj;Jtpl;L> jd; je;ij ,Ue;j jpir Nehf;fp tzq;fp

Gwg;gl;L NeNu jd;idg; ngw;w jha; Nfhriyapd; khspifiar;

nrd;wile;jhd;.

10.11. Nfhriyiar; re;jpj;j ,uhkd; mq;Nf Nfhriy ,uhkid Kb#ba Nfhyj;jpy;> mjw;Fupa

Fil Kjyhd rpwg;Gf;fSld; jd; khspiff;F tUthd; vd;W

kfpo;r;rpNahL mtid vjpHghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtSf;F> ,uhkd;

ntWk; ifadha;g; Ngha; epd;wJk;> Nfhriy mjpHr;rpAw;whs;.

“tPRfpd;w ftup ,y;iy@ murDf;Fupa ntz;nfhw;w Filapd;wp@ jdp

kdpjdhf> tpjp ,uhkid topelj;jpr; nry;yj;> jHkk; mtd; gpd;

tUj;jJld; gpd;njhluf;> Nfhriy Kd; Ngha; epd;whd;.

162

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




“,uhkh! vd; fz;Nz! vd;d ,J? cd; jiyapy; kzpKb

,y;iy@ cd; cly; kq;fy kQ;rs; ePuhy; eide;jpUf;ftpy;iy@

vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl> jd; fhybapy; tPo;e;J tzq;fpa

,uhkdplk; kdk; nefpo;e;J> mtid kdjhu tho;j;jptpl;L “Vd;

mg;gh! eP Kb#l;bf; nfhs;tjw;F VNjDk; ,ila+W

NeHe;Jtpl;ljh?" vd;fpwhs;. ele;jtw;iwnay;yhk; jd; jhaplk;

nrhd;dhy; mts; kdk; cile;J Nghths; vd;W fUjp ,uhkd;

iffisf; $g;gpj; jd; jhia Fk;gpl;L “mk;kh! cd; md;G kfd;

Fw;wkw;w FzKila gujd; Kb#lg; Nghfpwhd; mk;kh!" vd;whd;.

“mg;gbah? cd;idf; fhl;bYk; epiw Fzq;fs; cila gujd;

ey;ytd;@ Kb#l nghUj;jkhdtd;. ,Ue;jhYk;> %j;jtd; ,Uf;f

,isatd; Kb#LtJ ek; Fyj;jpy; ,Jtiu ,y;iyNa> mJjhd;

Fiw" vd;whs; me;j ngUe;jd;ikahd jha; Nfhriy. “,uhkh!

kd;dH fl;lisg;gb gujDf;F uh[;aj;ijf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L>

mtNdhL xd;Wgl;L gy;Y}op fhyk; eykha; tho;thahf!" vd;W

tho;j;jpdhs;. jhapd; ciuNfl;L kfpo;e;j ,uhkd; “mk;kh! ehd;

ed;ndwpapy; ca;Ak; nghUl;L murd; vdf;F ,l;l fl;lis xd;Wk;

,Uf;fpwJ!" vd;whd;.“mJ vd;d fl;lis ,uhkh?"“ehd; gjpdhd;F

Mz;Lfs; tdk; nrd;W mq;F thOk; ngUk; jtrpfNshL

jq;fpapUe;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; kd;dd; fl;lis mk;kh!"

,jidf; Nfl;l khj;jpuj;jpy; Nfhriy ngupJk; tUe;jpdhs;@

kaq;fpdhs;@ tpk;kp mOjhs;@ tpOe;jhs;@ Nrhfj;jpd; vy;iyf;Nf

nrd;whs;. gpd; njspe;J vOe;J “,uhkh! ,J vd;d tQ;rfk;?

ehlhsr; nrhy;yp gpd; mij khw;wp cd;idf; fhl;Lf;F Juj;JtJ

fs;skd;Nwh? ehd; ,dp capH tho khl;Nld;" vd;whs;.

“vy;NyhiuAk; fhl;bYk; cd;ghy; Ngud;G nfhz;L ePNa capH vdf;

fUjpa kd;dH mjw;F Kw;wpYk; khwhf cd;idf; fhl;bw;F

mDg;Gk; tifapy; eP VNjDk; jtW nra;J tpl;lhNah ,uhkh?"

vd;whs; Nfhriy. “ehd; mwq;fNsad;wp jPtpid vijAk; nra;jts;

my;yNt! vdf;F Vd; ,e;jj; Jauk;? fd;iwg; gpupe;j gRNghy

fjWfpd;NwNd!" vd;W Gyk;Gfpwhs;. gpwF ,uhkd; Nfhriyaplk;

gythW vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp MWjy; $Wfpwhd;.

“,uhkh! eP tdk; nry;fpwha; vd;wJNk> vd; capH NghapUf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg; Nghftpy;iy. Mdhy; eP NghdgpwF ehd;

163


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

capiuj; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gJ ,ayhj fhupak;. vdNt

vd;idAk; cd;Dld; fhl;Lf;F mioj;Jr; nry;" vd;whs;.

“jhNa! je;ij vd;idg; gpupe;j gpwF kpfTk; JaukilthH

my;yth? mg;NghJ mtUf;F MWjy; $whky; jhq;fs; vd;Dld;

fhl;Lf;F tUtJ vd;gJ KiwahFkh?" vd;whd; ,uhkd;. ,dp

,uhkidj; jLj;J epWj;j KbahJ vd;W ed;F czHe;j gpwF

Nfhriy> jrujid tpl;Nl nrhy;ypj; jLj;Jtplyhk; vd;W

vz;zkpl;lhs;. gpwF ,uhkd; Rkj;jpiuaplk; nrd;W tpilngwr;

nrd;whd;. Nfhriy jd; fztd; jrujidf; fhz;gjw;fhf

ifNfapapd; muz;kidf;Fr; nrd;W mq;F kd;dd; fple;j

fhl;rpiaf; fz;L %Hr;irailfpwhs;. %Hr;ir njspe;J vOe;J

Nfhriy mOJ Gyk;Gfpwhs;. mtsJ mOFuy; muz;kidnaq;Fk;

vjpnuhypf;fpwJ.

10.12. Nrhfj;jpy; %o;fpa nrhh;f;fGup mq;Nf> uh[ rigapy; ,Ue;j kf;fs; fhJfspnyy;yhk;

kq;fy xypfs; Nfl;f Ntz;ba Neuj;jpy;> ,g;gbnahU mOFuy;

mkq;fykha;f; Nfl;fpwNj> mJ vd;dntd;W ghHj;J tu trp\;liu

mDg;Gfpd;wdH. ifNfapapd; muz;kidf;Fr; nrd;w trp\;l KdptH

epiyikiag; Gupe;J nfhz;lhH. ifNfapaplk; ele;jJ vd;dntd;W

Nfl;f> mts; rpwpJk; fyf;fkpd;wp Fw;w czHT rpwpJkpd;wp

ele;jijf; $wp Kbj;jhs;.

trp\;lH kd;did vOg;gp Njw;WfpwhH. ,dp ifNfapaplk;

nrhy;yp kPz;Lk; ,uhkDf;Nf muirj; jUkhW Nfl;fyhk; vd;W

MWjyhfg; NgRfpwhH. jrujd; Nrhfj;jpy; ,uhkh! ,uhkh! vd;W

Gyk;gpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. xUf;fhy; ifNfap kdk; khwp ,uhkDf;Nf

ehl;ilf; nfhLj;jhYk; ,uhkd; mij Vw;Wf;nfhs;thdh vd;w Iak;

Vw;gLfpwJ. vdpDk; KdptH trp\;lupd; MNyhridia ifNfap

Vw;fhky; kd;dd; nfhLj;j thf;iff; fhg;ghw;wtpy;iyahdhy; jhd;

clNd capHePg;Ngd; vd;fpwhs;. Nfhgk; nfhz;l trp\;lH

ifNfapia “eP ngz; my;y> Nga;!" vd;fpwhH. jrujd; FyFUthd

trp\;luplk; “,uhkd; fhdfk; Ngha;tpl;lhdh?" vd;W Nfl;fpwhd;.

Nfhgj;Jld; ifNfapaplk; “,uhkd; fhl;Lf;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhy;> ehd;

capH jupNad;" vd;fpwhd;. ,t;thW gythW ifNfapaplk; nrhd;d

gpd;:

“,d;Nd gyTk; gfHthd; ,uq;fhjhis Nehf;fpr;

nrhd;Ndd; ,d;Nw> ,ts; vd; jhuky;y> Jwe;Njd;

164

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




kd;Nd Mthd; tUk; mg;gujd;jidAk; kfd; vd;W

cd;Ndd;> Kdpth! mtDk; Mfhd; cupikf;F vd;whd;".

“KdptNu! ,dp ,e;jf; ifNfap vd; kidtpAk; my;ys;@

me;jg; gujid vd; kfdhff; fUjkhl;Nld;@ mtd; ,dp kfd; vd;w

cupikapy; nra;aNtz;ba fhupaq;fSf;Fk; cupatd; ,y;iy"

vd;whd; jrujd;. gpwF Nfhriyiaf; fz;L kdk; tUe;jpg;

Gyk;Gfpwhd;. Nfhriy fztidj; Njw;Wfpwhs;. jrujd; gioa

epfo;r;rpfisr; nrhy;ypr; nrhy;ypg; Gyk;Gfpwhd;. Nfhriy

fztdplk; “,uhkidg; gpupe;J jtpf;Fk; vd;id ePq;fSk; iftpl;Lr;

nrd;why; vd; epiy vd;dthFk; Nahrpj;jPHfsh?" vd;W Nfl;fpwhs;.

“Nfhriy! vd; capH ePq;Ftjw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,e;j ,uhkdpd; gpupT

,Uf;Fk; vd;W vdf;F xU rhgk; cz;L. me;j rhgk; vdf;F

Vw;gl;l tuyhw;iwr; nrhy;fpNwd; Nfs;!" vd;W nrhy;yj;

njhlq;Ffpwhd; jrujd;.

10.13. jrujd; jd; Kd; tuyhW $wy; “xU Kiw ehd; fhl;Lf;F Ntl;ilahlr; nrd;wpUe;Njd;.

mq;Nf ahidfSk;> rpq;fq;fSk; elkhLk; gFjpf;Fr; nrd;W

Ntl;ilf;Fj; jahuhf kiwe;J epd;wpUe;Njd;. mg;gb kiwe;J

,Uf;Fk;NghJ> ryNghrdd; vDk; rpwe;j KdptDk; mtd;

kidtpAk; ghHit ,oe;jtHfshfj; jd; kfNd Jizahf

mtDld; ,Ue;jhHfs;. fz; ,oe;j ngw;NwhUf;Fj; jz;zPH nfhz;L

tUk; nghUl;L xU FWfpa ghj;jpuj;jpy; ePNuhilapy; me;j kfd; ePH

nkhs;Sk;NghJ cz;lhd Xir> ahid ePH mUe;Jk; Xir Nghy

,Ue;jjhy;> kiwe;jpUe;j ehd;> ahid vd;W vz;zp> xyp te;j

jpir Nehf;fp mk;igr; nrYj;jptpl;Nld;. me;j mk;G ePH

nkhz;Lnfhz;bUe;j ,sk; gpuk;kr;rhupapd; kPJ gha;e;Jtpl;lJ. me;j

,isQd; jiukPJ tpOe;J Gyk;gpdhd;. xyp te;j jpir Nehf;fp

mk;G tpl;NlNd jtpu mq;F ,Ue;jJ ahidah kdpjdh vd;W

vdf;Fj; njupahJ. mtd; mywp tPo;e;j gpwFjhd; Xbg; Ngha;g;

ghHj;Njd;. mepahakhf ,g;gb XH ,isQd; kPJ mk;G

nrYj;jptpl;NlhNk vd;W kpfTk; tUe;jpNdd;."

“ifapypUe;j Flk; eOtp fPNo tpOe;J fplf;f> jiuapy;

fple;J GuSk; me;j ,isQidf; fz;lJk;> vd; tpy;Yk; kdKk;

NrhHe;J tpo> mtd; mUfpy; nrd;W “,isQNd! eP ahH?" vd;W

Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F mtd; “ehd; fhrpg Kdptupd; topapy; te;j

165


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

ryNghrd; vDk; Kdptdpd; kfd; RNuhrdd; vd;whd;". “,U

fz;fspYk; ghHit ,oe;j vdJ ngw;NwhHfSf;fhf jz;zPH

nfhz;L tUk; nghUl;L ,e;j Xilf;F te;Njd;. eP ahid vd;W

fUjp vd;kPJ mk;G nrYj;jptpl;lha;. ,J vdJ tpjpg;gad;@ md;wp

NtW vd;d? eP vd;d nra;tha;> tUe;jhNj vd;W me;j ,isQd;

nrhd;dhd;".

“vd; ngw;NwhH jz;zPH Ntl;ifahy; jtpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. vdNt eP clNd mtHfSf;Fj; jz;zPH nfhz;L

Ngha;f; nfhLj;J> vd; epiyikiaf; $wp> vd; ,Wjp

ek];fhuq;fisAk; mtHfsplk; njuptpj;JtpL! vd;whd; mtd;. gpwF

capH ePj;jhd;". “ike;jd; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lgb> mtd; ngw;NwhUf;F

ePiuAk;> ,we;j kfdpd; cliyAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Ngha; me;jg;

ghHit ,oe;j ngw;NwhH ,Uf;Fkplk; nrd;Nwd;. mtHfs; vd; fhyb

Xir Nfl;Lj; jdJ kfd; vd;W vz;zp “Foe;jha;! Vd; ,t;tsT

jhkjk;. cdf;F VNjDk; rq;flk; NeHe;jNjh vd;W ehq;fs; kpfTk;

tUe;jpNdhk;. th! kfNd> vd; mUfpy; th! vd;whd; me;j

fz;zpoe;j je;ij." “clNd ehd; XH murd; vd;Wk;> ele;j

tuyhw;iwf; $wp Kbj;Njd;. mijf; Nfl;L Gj;jpu Nrhfj;jhy; me;j

ngw;NwhH Jd;Gw;W mOjdH. fz; ghHit ,oe;j vq;fSf;Ff;

fz;Nghy ,Ue;j vq;fs; fz;kzp Ngha; tpl;lhNd. kfNd!

cd;idg; gpupe;J ehq;fs; vg;gb tho;Nthk;? ehq;fSk; cd;Dld;

te;Njhk;> vd;W mywpdH".“cq;fs; kfidg; Nghy ,Ue;J> ehd;

jq;fSf;F Ntz;Ltd nra;Ntd; vd Ntz;bf; nfhz;Nld;. ,dp

vq;fSf;F tho;T Njitapy;iy. kd;dh! ,dp vq;fisg; NghyNt

ePAk; cd; kfidg; gpupe;J> me;j Gj;jpu Nrhfj;jpy; capH ,of;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;W rhgk; nfhLj;J tpl;lhd; me;j Kdptd;. Nfhriy!

me;j Kdptdpd; rhgk; epiwNtWk; fhyk; te;Jtpl;lJ. ,uhkd;

vd;id tpl;Lg; gpupjYk;> mjdhy; ehd; capH Jwg;gJk; epr;rak;"

vd;whd; jrujd;.

10.14. ,yf;Ftd; rpdk; jdpj;j ,uhkd; clNd trp\;lH Gwg;gl;Lg; Ngha; rgh kz;lgj;jpy;

$bapUe;jtHfSf;F> ,uhkd; Kb#l;L tpoh epd;Wtpl;lijAk;>

,uhkd; tdk; nry;yg; NghtijAk; njuptpj;jhH. ehl;L khe;jH

midtUk; Ntjidahy; JaUw;W jtpj;jdH. ,uhkidf; fhl;Lf;F

mDg;gpa jrujd; nraiyf; Fiw $wpdH. ,uhkgpuhd; tdk;

166

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




nry;tJ mwpe;J kf;fs; kl;Lkh tUe;jpdhHfs;? ,y;iy ,y;iy.

tsHg;Gg; gpuhzpfSk; tUe;jpdthk;. mt;tsT capHfSk; Mo;e;j

Jauj;jpy; tUe;jpd.

,e;jr; nra;jpfs; midj;ijAk; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,yf;Ftd;

rpdk; nfhz;lhd;. NghHf;Nfhyk; g+z;lhd;. ,uhkd; Kb#Ltjw;Fj;

jilahf cs;stH vtuhapDk;> mtHfisf; nfhd;nwhopg;Ngd;.

ifNfapapd; Nehf;fk; epiwNtw tplkhl;Nld;. vd;W vOe;jhd;.

,yf;Ftd; vOg;gpa tpy;ypd; ehnzhyp Nfl;L ,uhkd; mq;Nf

tUfpwhd;. “jk;gp! Nfhgg;glhNj> eP Vdg;gh ,g;NghJ Nfhgg;

gLfpwha;" vd;W mtid mikjpg; gLj;j Kidfpwhd;.

,yf;FtDf;F ,uhkd; gy ey;Yiufisf; $wp mtd; Nfhgk;

jzptpf;fpwhd;. gpwF ,uhkd;> ,yf;FtDld; Rkj;jpiu ,Uf;Fkplk;

nry;fpwhd;. mJtiu ele;jit midj;ijAk; Nfl;l Rkj;jpiu

tUj;jj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUe;jhs;. ey;thHj;ijfs; $wp ,uhkd; mtisj;

Njw;Wfpwhd;.

gpd;dH Vty; kfspH> jtrpfs; mzpaNtz;ba kuTup nfhz;L

tu> mjid ,uhkd; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhd;. clNd ,yf;Ftd;

jhDk; ,uhkDld; tdk; nry;y Ntz;Lnkd;W jd; jha;

Rkj;jpiuaplk; Nfl;fpwhd;. mjw;F me;jj; jha; nrhy;fpwhs;.

“,yf;\;kzh! eP clNd Gwg;gL. ,dp ,uhkd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk;jhd;

cdf;F mNahj;jp. eP ,uhkd; kdk; Nfhzhky; ele;J nfhs;. mtd;

tdthrk; Kbe;J ehL jpUk;gp te;jhy; ePAk; th! mg;gb mtDf;F

VNjDk; jPq;F NeHe;jhy; mtDf;F Kd;ghf eP ,we;J tpL!"

vd;whs; me;jg; Gdpjkhd jha;.

10.15. ,uhkd; fhl;bw;Fg; Gwg;gly; ,uhkDk; ,yf;FtDk; gpwF Rkj;jpiuia tzq;fp>

fd;Wfisg; gpupa NeHe;j gRitg; Nghy Rkj;jpiu mOJ fz;zPH

rpe;j> jj;jk; mur cilfisf; fise;Jtpl;L jhjpaH nfhz;L

te;j kuTupfisj; jupj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa Gwg;gl;lhHfs;.

,yf;FtDk; jd;idg; NghyNt> kuTup jupj;j fhl;rp fz;L> ,uhkd;

nrhy;fpwhd;. “yf;\;kzh! ehd; fhdfk; nry;tjhy;> ifNfap ePq;fpa

jha;khH ,UtUk;> je;ijAk; Mwhj; Jaupy; Mo;e;Js;shHfs;. eP

mtHfNshL jq;fp ,Ue;jhy; mtHfSf;Fr; rw;W MWjyhf

,Uf;Fk;. vdf;fhf eP> mtHfNshL jq;fpapUf;ff; $lhjh?" vd;W

Nfl;lhd;. ,uhkd; mt;thW nrhy;yTk;> md;Ng cUthd ,yf;Ftd;

Njhs;fs; FYq;f tpk;kp mOJ> ,uhkid Nehf;fpf; nrhy;fpwhd;:

167


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

“mz;zh! ehd; cq;fSf;Fr; nra;j jPikjhd; vd;d? ePHepiyfspy;

ePH ,Ue;jhy; kPd;fSk; my;ypAk; Mk;gYk; ,Uf;Fk;@ g+kp

,Ue;jhy;jhd; mjd; kPJs;s [PtuhrpfSk; ,Uf;Fk;. Nfhjz;luhkh!

ahH ,Ue;jhy; ehDk; jpUkfshk; rPjhgpuhl;bAk; capNuhL ,Ug;Nghk;

vd;gij ePq;fNs nrhy;yp mUs Ntz;Lk;" vd;whd;. vJ MjhuNkh>

mJ ,d;wp mjd; rhHGg; nghUl;fs; ,Ug;gJ vg;gb rhj;jpak;?

vd;gJ ,yf;Ftd; Nfs;tp.

“mz;zh! tha;ik fhg;gtd; vd;W cd;id cyNfhH

$wpf;nfhz;bUf;f> cd;idf; fhl;Lf;F mDg;gp tpl;L ,d;Dk; ek;

je;ij jrujr; rf;futHj;jp capNuhL ,Uf;fpwhH my;yth? mtuJ

kfd;jhNd ehDk;@ cq;fisg; gpupe;J capNuhL ,Ug;Ngd; vd;W

epidj;jPHfs; NghYk;".

“Kd;G ehd; rpdk; nfhz;L vOe;j Nghnjy;yhk;> ~cd; rpdk;

ey;yjy;y> mjid Kw;wpYk; jtpHj;J tpL vd;W ePq;fs;

fl;lisapl;lijtpl> ,g;NghJ vd;idj; jq;fs; cld;tuhJ ,Uf;fr;

nrhy;tJ kpfTk; nfhLikahdJ" “IaNd! murr; nry;tKk; kw;w

gpw ,d;gq;fSk; xU nghUl;ly;y vd;W fUjpj; jhq;fs;

mtw;iwnay;yhk; Jwe;J nrd;whYk;> vd;idAk;> rPjhgpuhl;biaAk;

~ifJilj;J| tpl;Lr; nry;tJ nghUj;jKilajh?" vd;fpwhd;

,yf;Ftd;.

,yf;FtDila cs;shHe;j fdpe;j md;G nkhopfisf;

Nfl;l ,uhkgpuhd; xd;Wk; nrhy;y ,ayhjtdhfpf; fz;fspy; ePH

jhiu jhiuahfr; nrhupaj; jk;gpapd; Kfj; jhkiuiag; ghHj;j

tz;zk; mikjpahf epd;whd;. mg;NghJ trp\;lH mq;Nf tUfpwhH.

mtiu ,UtUk; tzq;FfpwhHfs;. nka;g;nghUis czUk;

jd;ikAila trp\;lH mt;tpUtH Njhw;wj;ijAk; fz;l

khj;jpuj;jpy;> mtHfsJ Nehf;fj;ij mwpe;J kdNtjidaile;J

jd; trk; ,oe;jhH. Co;tpidia ahNu khw;wty;yhH vd;W

ngU%r;nrwpe;jhH. rpe;ijAk; nraYk; nrg;gKila ,uhkDf;F ,e;j

epiy tu ifNfap fhuzk; vd;gJ Gwj; Njhw;wNkad;wp> NtW

ahNjh fhuzKk; ,jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;jf; fhuzk; gpd;dH

ntsptUk; vd;W trp\;lH epidj;jhH. vdpDk; ,uhkid Nehf;fp

“,uhkh! eP fhdfk; nrd;Wtpl;lhy; jrujd; capH tho;jy; ,ayhJ"

vd;whH. “FUNjth! kd;dtd; gzpia Vw;W elg;gJ vd; flik.

mjdpd;W ehd; gpwNod;. kd;did MWjy; thHj;ijfs; $wp

168

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Njw;Wjy; FUNjtuhfpa cq;fs; flikahFk;. ,t;tpuz;L

flikfisAk; epiwNtw;Wjy;jhd; Kiw" vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

“,uhkh! tuk; vd;w ngauhy; ifNfap Nfl;ljw;F “jUfpNwd;" vd;W

Muhahky; cld;gl;lijad;wp “eP tdk; Ngh" vd;W kd;dd; jd;

thahy; cd;idg; gzpj;jhdh? ,y;iyNa! vdNt> ,J mtdJ

Mizay;y" vd;whH trp\;l KdptH. “je;ij ,iae;jjhNyjhNd

jha; vd;id Vtpdhs;. ehDk; cld;gl;L mtSf;F cWjp

$wptpl;Nld;@ ,t;tsTk; mwpe;j jhq;fs; je;ij thahy; “Ngh" vd;W

$wtpy;iy vd;nwhU Nghf;Ff; fhl;b vd;idj; jLg;gJ> rfy

rh];jpuq;fSk; mwpe;j jq;fSf;F Kiwahdjd;W" vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

trp\;luhy; xd;Wk; gjpy; $wKbatpy;iy. fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPH

ngUfp epyj;jpy; tpo epd;whH. ,uhkDk; ,yf;FtDk; mtiuj;

njhOJ muz;kid thapiy Nehf;fp ele;jdH. FkuH ,UtUk;

tPjpapy; ele;J nry;tijf; fz;L efu khe;jUk; gpwUk; ngUk;

Jaukile;jdH. ,uhkd; tdk; GFtjhy; ed;ik milag;NghFk;

NjtHfNs$l tUe;jp epd;whHfs; vd;why; kw;iwNahH epiy Nfl;f

Ntz;Lkh?

10.16. fz;zPu; tpl;Lf; fjwpa kf;fs; ,uhkdpd; jtf;Nfhyk; fz;L efu kfspH iffshy;

fz;fspy; mbj;Jf; nfhz;L mOjdH. efu khe;jH gyH Jauk;

jhq;fhky; capiu tpl;ldH. rpyH kaq;fpdH@ rpyH tpk;kp mOjdH@

rpyH fz;zPH nts;sj;jpy; %o;fpdH@ $e;jy; jPg;gpbj;jJNghy mywp

mOjdH rpyH. ,uhkd; Kb#l;bf;nfhz;L gtdp tUthd; vd;W

MtNyhL fhj;jpUe;j kf;fs;> khwhd fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ~INah! ek;

fz;fs; FUlhftpy;iyNa| vd;W tUe;jpdH. mNahj;jp efuj;J

kf;fs; kl;Lkh? ,y;iy> IawpT> ehywpT cs;s capupdq;fSk;$l

Jauj;jhy; Jtz;L Nghapd. CUk; kf;fSk;> kw;w capupdq;fSk;

tUe;jp thl> ,UtUk; rPij ,Uf;Fkplk; nrd;wile;jdH.

Kb#l;bf; nfhz;L kd;ddha; ,uhkd; tUthd; vd;W

fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j rPij ,tHfsJ Nfhyk; fz;L JZf;Fw;whs;.

cly; eLq;f “,e;jj; Jauk; te;J Nru vd;d fhuzk;?" vd;W cly;

eLq;f Nfl;lhs;. “rPjh! gujd; ehl;il MsTk;> ehd; fhL nry;yTk;

ngw;NwhH gzpj;jdH. mjidr; rpuNky;nfhz;L ehd; ,d;Nw fhdfk;

Gwg;gLfpNwd;. kPz;L tUNtd;. eP ,q;Nf tUj;jg;glhky; ,U"

vd;whd; ,uhkd;. ,e;jr; nrhw;fs; rPjhgpuhl;biag; ngupJk; tUj;jpd.

169


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

“jha; je;ij nrhy;iy Vw;Wj; jhq;fs; fhdfk; nry;tJ rupjhd;.

Mdhy; vd;id kl;Lk; ,q;Nf ,U vd;W nrhy;tJ vd;d epahak;?

mij ehd; nghNwd;" vd;whs; rPij. “cd; ed;ik fUjpNa ehd;

,g;gbr; nrhd;Ndd; rPjh! fhdfj;jpy; elf;Fk; NghJ ntk;ikAk;>

rpW fw;fs; ghjj;jpy; Fj;Jk; Jd;gj;ijAk; cd;dhy; jhq;f

KbahJ" vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

mjw;F rPjhgpuhl;b nrhy;fpwhs; “epd; gpuptpDk; RLNkh

ngUq;fhL?". cd;idg; gpuptJ vd;gJ vt;tsT nfhLik> mjdpDk;

nfhLikahdjh fhdfj;jpy; ntg;gk; fhiyr; RLtJ vd;fpwhs;

rPjhgpuhl;b. ,tisf; fz;zPH flypy; kpjf;f tpl;L vg;gbg; gpupe;J

nry;tJ vd;W ,uhkd; kdjpy; Fog;gk; Vw;gLfpwJ. mg;NghJ rPij

cs;Ns nrd;W jhDk; kuTup jupj;J ,uhkd; Kd;ghf te;J

epd;whs;. ,uhkDila ifiaj; jd; nky;ypa fuj;jhy; gw;wpdhs;.

gpuhl;bapd; ,e;jr; nraiyf; fz;NlhH midtUk; kaq;fp

tpOe;jdH. “eP mtrug;gl;L Jzpe;j nray; cdf;F kfpo;r;rp

jUtjhapDk; vdf;Fg; ngUk; Jd;gk; jUfpwJ" vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

“fhl;L tho;f;if Jd;gk; jUtJjhd;> ehd; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; m/J

,d;gkhfp tpLkh?" vd;whs; rPij. ,uhkgpuhdhy; xd;Wk; Ngr

Kbatpy;iy. %tUk; mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;ldH. “tuTupiaj; jd;

clk;gpy; Rw;wpf; nfhz;L jpUkfs; gpd;Nd tu> tpy; Ve;jpa

ifadha; ,yf;Ftd; Kd;dhy; nry;y> fhHNkf tz;zd; ,uhftd;

nry;Yk; fhl;rpiaf; fz;l mt;t+uhUf;F cz;lhd Jd;gk; nrhy;Yk;

jukhNkh?"

“rPiu Rw;wpj; jpUkfs; gpd; nry

%up tpw;if ,isatd; Kd; nryf;

fhiu xj;jtd; Nghk;gb fz;l mt;

t+iu cw;wJk; czHj;jTk; xz;ZNkh?"

,e;jf; Nfhyj;NjhL fhdfk; nry;Yk; ,tHfisf; fz;l

mNahj;jp khe;jH> ,dp ,tHfs; tdk; GFk; vz;zk; khwhJ vd

czHe;J> ,dp mOJ gadpy;iy> ,tHfSf;F Kd;ghf ehk; tdk;

nry;tNj ed;W vd;W vOe;jdH. ,k;%tUld; NfhriyAk;>

Rkj;jpiuAk; gpd;njhlHe;J nry;yj; njhlq;fpdH. jd;idj;

njhlHe;J te;j jha;khHfisj; jLj;J epWj;jp “ePq;fs; vd;idg;

gpd; njhlHtij tpl;L> Ngha; muriuj; Njw;Wq;fs; vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

gpd;dH ,yf;Ftd; Kd;nry;y> rPij gpd; njhlu ele;J te;j

170

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,uhkgpuhd;> Rke;jpud; nfhz;L te;J epWj;jpa Njupy; Vwpf;

nfhz;ldH. NjH Gwg;gl;lJ.

10.17. efiu tpl;L ePq;fpa efuj;J khe;jHfs; mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;L mNahj;jp efiu ePq;fp ,uz;L Nah[id

J}uk; nrd;wgpwF xU Nrhiyia milfpd;wdH. mq;F ,Ue;j

KdptHfSld; ,tHfSk; jq;fpdH. ,uhkidj; njhlHe;J efuj;J

khe;jHfs; midtUk; te;J NrHe;J> me;jr; NrhiyapNyNa

jq;fpdH. $bapUe;j khe;jH midtUk; Cz; ,d;wp> cwf;fk;

Jwe;J Jauj;jpy; %o;fpapUe;jdH. me;j Neuj;jpy; ,uhkDk;

Rke;jpuDk; kl;Lk; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jdH.

wMfNtz;Lk;. md;G kpFjpapdhy; ek;NkhL te;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j

kf;fisj; jpUk;g mDg;GtJ vspjhd fhupakd;W. mg;gb

mtHfisj; jpUk;g mDg;ghky; ehk; njhlHe;J tdk; GFtJk;

ed;wd;W. Mifahy; ePq;fs; ,g;NghNj ujj;ij Xl;bf; nfhz;L

efuj;Jf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpLq;fs;. ePq;fs; ujk; Xl;br; nrd;w

jlj;ijg; ghHj;J mtHfSk;> ehd; ehL jpUk;gptpl;Nld; vd;W CH

jpUk;gp tpLthHfs;" vd;whd;.

,uhkd; $wpa MNyhridia Vw;W Rke;jpuH Gwg;gLKd;

,uhkdplk; “,uhkh! jhq;fs; %tiuAk; fhl;by; nfhz;L tpl;L

te;jjhfg; Ngha; kw;wtHfsplk; nrhy;NtNdh> cld; mioj;Jf;

nfhz;L te;Njd; vd;W nrhy;NtNdh> vd;d nrhy;Ntd;. ,uhkh!

jq;fis ,e;jf; fhl;by; tpl;Ltpl;L ehd; kl;Lk; ehL jpUk;gpr;

nrd;why;> vd; md;Gf;Fk;> el;Gf;Fk; vd;d nghUs;? efuj;J

khe;jHfSk; kw;iwa murHfSk; cq;fs; gpd;dhy; tUfpwhHfs;.

vg;gbAk; cq;fisj; jpUk;g mioj;Jf; nfhz;L te;JtpLthHfs;

vd ek;gpapUf;Fk; cq;fs; je;ij> jhq;fs; tutpy;iy vd;gJ

njupe;jhy; capH jupj;jpUg;ghuh? mtUf;F ehNd vkd;

MfNtz;Lkh?"

“ifNfap cd;id tdk; Nghfr; nrhd;djhy;> jrujd;

kuzg;gLf;ifapy; ,Uf;fpwhH. MapDk; capH ,d;Dk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

ePq;fs; tdk; Ngha;tpl;lij ehd; Ngha; nrhd;dhy;> mtuJ capH

gpupe;JtpLk;. mtiuf; nfhd;w gop vd;idr; Nruhjh?

vjw;Fk; ,uhkd; ,ire;J tutpy;iy vd;wJk; Rke;jpud; mtd;

mbapy; tPo;e;J Guz;L kd;whLfpwhd;. gpwF ,uhkd; Rke;jpuidj;

J}f;fp vLj;J epWj;jp> Muj; jOtpf; nfhz;L mioj;Jf; nfhz;L

nrd;W NgRfpwhd;.

171


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

10.18. Rke;jpud; mNahj;jp jpUk;Gjy; “Jd;gk; vj;jifatUf;Fk; tUk; vd;gjidr; rpwe;j

mwpthspahd ePq;fs; mwpaPNuh. ,g;NghJ fhL nry;Yk; Jd;gk;

tUfpwNj vd;W> nja;tkha;f; fUjw;Fupa je;ijapd; nrhy;iyr;

jl;b ele;jhy;> ehd; va;Jk; gop rhjhuzkhdjd;W vd;gJk;

ckf;Fj; njupahjh? ePq;fs; vd;idf; fhL nry;yhJ jtpHg;gJ

Kiwapy;iy" vd;whd; ,uhkd;. ,g;gbg; gw;gy nrhy;yp> jhd; tdk;

GFtNj mwk; vd;Wk;> ,y;iyNay; ngUk;gop jdf;F te;J NrUk;

vd;Wk; ,uhkd; $Wfpwhd;. ehL jpUk;gpagpd; ifNfapaplk;

Nfhgg;glf;$lhJ vd;Wk;> jk;gp gujdplk; khwhj mUs; ghypj;J

tuNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpwhd;. nry;Yk; nrhy;

ty;yhdhfpa ,uhkgpuhd; kPz;Lk; VJk; nrhy;tjw;F ,lkpd;wpj; jd;

fl;lisahff; $wpatw;iwf; Nfl;l Rke;jpud;> mjw;F cld;gl;L

mtHfis tzq;fptpl;Lg; Gwg;gl;lhd;.

rPij Rke;jpudplk; “rf;futHj;jpaplKk;> khkpauplKk; vd;

tzf;fq;fisf; $Wq;fs;. vd; jcq;ifaHfsplk; ehd; tsHj;J

tUk; g+id> fpsp Kjyhd gwitfisAk; gh. Jfhj;J

tuNtz;Lkha;f; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;" vd;whs;. rPij jhd;

fhdfj;jpy; glg;NghFk; Jauq;fisg;gw;wp epidahky;>

muz;kidapYs;s Gs; ,dq;fSf;fhf tUe;JfpwhNu vd;W

Rke;jpud; tUe;jpdhd;. ,uhkgpuhd; Njw;wpAk; Jf;fk; jhq;fhkhy;

Rke;jpud; mOjhH.,yf;Ftd; Nfhgk; jzpaTk;> Rke;jpud;

,tHfisg; gzpe;J> gpd; NjH epWj;jpapUe;j ,lk; Nehf;fpr;

nry;fpwhd;.Rke;jpud; nrd;wgpd;> ,uhkd; kw;w ,UtNuhLk;

Gwg;gl;lhd;. #upa cjaj;Jf;F Kd;ghf ,utpNyNa ,uz;L

Nah[id J}uk; ele;jhHfs;.

,/J ,q;qdkpUf;f> mNahj;jp Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;l Rke;jpud;>

mNahj;jp efiuaile;J ,uhkgpuhd; $wpathW Kjypy; trp\;liuf;

fz;L ele;jtw;iwf; $WfpwhH. vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nfl;l trp\;lH

kpfTk; kdk; tUe;jpdhH. ,dpAk; jrujd; capH tho khl;lhd;>

Kbe;jdd; kd;dd;" vd;fpwhH.trp\;lH “ehd; vt;tsT vLj;Jr;

nrhy;ypAk;> jLj;Jk; Nfshky; ,uhkd; tdk; Ngha; tpl;lhNd!

tpjpia ahuhy; nty;y KbAk;! vd;W tUe;jpg; Gyk;gpdhH.

10.19. jrujd; capH tply; gpd;dH Rke;jpuidAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L jrujd; muz;kidf;Fr;

nrd;whH. NjH te;J epd;wJk; ,uhkd;jhd; te;J tpl;lhd; vd;W

172

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




vz;zpa jrujd;> mq;Nf ,uhkidf; fhzhky; NrhHe;J Nghdhd;.

jrujd; Rke;jpuid Nehf;fp “,uhkd; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhd;" vd;W

tpdtpdhd;. mtH ,uhkd; ,yf;FtNdhLk;> rPijNahLk; fhl;by;

neLe;njhiytpy; cs;shd; vd;W nrhy;yTk;> jrujd; capH mtd;

cliytpl;Lg; gpupe;J Nghapw;W. jruj kd;ddpd; cliytpl;Lg;

gpupe;J Nghd mtdJ Mtpia NjtHfs; tpkhdj;jpy; itj;Jj;

jhq;fpr; nrd;W Nkhl;r Nyhfj;jpy; NrHj;jdH. kPz;Lk; gpwg;G

,y;yhj cyfk; ,e;j tPl;Lyfk;.jrujd; cliy Nrhjpj;Jg; ghHj;J

mtdJ capH gpupe;Jtpl;lJ vd czHe;j Nfhriy Nrhfj;jhy;

JbJbj;J mOjhs;@ fjwpdhs;.fijapd; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; thd;kPfk;

$WtJ rw;W tpj;jpahrkhdJ. ,uhkd; KjyhNdhH tdk; GFe;j

nra;jp mwpe;J jrujd; capH gpupfpwJ. mjid mwpahj me;jg;Gw

kfspUk; NjtpaUk; maHe;J J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jdH. kWehs;

fhiy kd;dd; Japy; vohik fz;L midtUk; gjwp mOfpd;wdH.

mt;tOifnahyp Nfl;L NfhriyAk; Rkpj;jpiuAk; tpopj;J vOe;J

nra;jpawpe;J gijgijj;J mOJ Guz;ldH.jrujd; Mtp

gpupe;jjwpe;j Nfhriy mile;j kdNtjid nrhy;Yk; jukhNkh?

gpuk;kd; Kjyhd cyfpYs;s vy;yhtw;iwAk; gilj;j

MjpKjy;tid kfdhfg; ngw ghf;fpak; nra;j me;j Nfhriy> jd;

fztd; capH ePj;j Jauk; jhq;fhky;> mkpHjk; fpilj;J mjid

,oe;jts;NghyTk;> jd;dplk; cUthd khzpf;fj;ij ,oe;j ehfk;

NghyTk;> mUikahd jdJ Jizia ,oe;j md;wpy; gwit

NghyTk; Jauf; flypy; Mo;e;jhs;.mq;Fs;s #o;epiyiag; Gupe;J

nfhz;l trp\;lH ed;F rpe;jpj;J ,Wjpf; fld; nra;a Ntz;ba

Gjy;tHfs; vtUk; mUfpy; ,y;iy. gujd; tUksTk; kd;dd;

cliy vz;nzapy; ,l;L nflhJ fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;yp

mt;thNw nra;tpf;f Vw;ghL nra;jhd;.

jrujdpd; kw;w kidtpkhHfs; cld;fl;il Vw vz;zpAk;>

,g;NghJ Ntz;lhk; vd;W mtHfisj; jLj;J mDg;gpdhH. gpwF

gujid clNd mioj;J tu J}jHfis mDg;gp itf;f Vw;ghL

nra;jhH. rpwe;j Ie;J Ngiuj; NjHe;njLj;J Nffa kd;dDf;Fk;

gujDf;Fk; gupRg; nghUl;fs; gytw;iw mtHfsplk; nfhLj;J>

,uhkd; tdk; nrd;wJk;> kd;dd; ,we;jJk; mq;Nf njuptpf;fhky;>

Kf;fpa gzp fhuzkhf vd;W nrhy;yp gujid clNd mioj;J

tu Vw;ghL nra;jhH. mwptpy; rpwe;j kjpa+fp mikr;rH nra;a

Ntz;ba Kiwapy; ,e;jf; fhupaq;fis trp\;lH nra;jij

173


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

vz;zpg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.,dp> tdj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;L te;j ,uhkdJ

epiyikiar; rw;W ghHg;Nghk;. ,uhkidg; gpd;njhlHe;J nrd;w

mNahj;jp efu khe;juidtUk; J}q;fp tpopj;njOe;jTld; mq;F

,uhkgpuhidf; fhzhky; JaUw;wdH. gpd;dH NjHj;jlk; nrd;w

ghijNahL nry;yj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. Njupd; jlk; mNahj;jp

Nehf;fpr; nry;fpwJ vd;WzHe;J> ,uhkgpuhd; efuk; jpUk;gptpl;lhd;

vdf; fUjp kfpo;r;rp Muthuk; nra;jdH.,uhkd; CH jpUk;gptpl;lhd;

vd;w vz;zj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpNahL efuj;jpw;Fs; GFe;j kf;fSf;F

Kjypy; kd;dd; ,we;JNghd nra;jpAk;> ,uhkd; tdk; Ngha;tpl;l

nra;jpAk; fpilj;jd. mstw;w JauKw;wdH.

10.20. fq;iff; fiuapy; ,uhkd; Ffidr; re;jpj;jy; mq;Nf fhdfj;jpy; ,uhkd;> ,yf;Ftd;> rPij %tUk;

fq;ifapd; tlfiuia nrd;wilfpd;wdH. mq;F ,Ue;j

KdptHfNshL jq;fp> mtHfsJ cgrupg;ig Vw;wdH. mq;Nf

,tHfs; fq;if ejpapy; ePuhb kfpo;e;jdH. ,uhkdpd; jpUtb gl;l

khj;jpuj;jpy; rfy ghtq;fSk; ePq;Fnkdpd;> mtd; Nkdp KOJk;

fq;ifapy; mkpo;e;J ePuhbajhy;> me;j fq;if ejpapd; rpwg;G

mjpfkhapw;W@ fq;if Gdpjk; mile;jJ.fq;iff; fiuapy;

KdptHfNshL tpUe;Jz;L jq;fpapUe;j jUzj;jpy;> me;jf; fhl;by;

trpg;gtDk;> fq;if ejpapy; glNfhl;Lk; cupik ngw;wtDkhd

Ffd; vDk; Ntl;Lt murd;> jd; cw;whH> gupthuq;fs; Gil#o

,uhkd; te;jpUg;gjwpe;J> mtidf; fhz te;J NrHe;jhd;.

Ffd; rpUq;fpNguk; vDk; ,lj;jpw;F

murdhthd;.thapw;Gwj;jpy; ngupa $l;lk; vOg;Gk; Xir Nfl;L

,yf;Ftd; KdptHfNshL ,uhkd; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;j Mrpukj;jpd;

thapYf;F te;J vd;dntd;W ghHf;fpwhd;. Ffd; jd; gupthuq;fs;

#o epw;gJ fz;L ePq;fs; ahH? vd;d fhupakhf te;jpUf;fpwPHfs;

vd;W tpdtpdhd;. mjw;F Ffd; “IaNd! ehtha;fis ,e;j fq;if

ejpapy; Xl;Lk; Ntl;Ltdhd ehd;> ,uhkgpuhd; foy; Nrtpf;f

te;Njd;" vd;whd;. ,jidf; Nfl;l ,yf;Ftd; “rw;W ,Uq;fs;| vd;W

nrhy;yp cs;Ns Ngha; ,uhkdplk; “nfhw;wt! jhapDk; kpf

ey;ytdhd J}atd; xUtd;> ,e;jf; fq;if ejpapy; glF

nrYj;Jgtd;> rpUq;fpNguj;jpd; kd;dd;> Ffd; vd;ghd; jq;fs;

jpUtb Nrtpf;f tpUk;gp te;jpUf;fpwhd;" vd;W nrhy;y> ,uhftd;

“clNd mtid cs;Ns tur; nrhy;" vd;fpwhH. ,yf;Ftd;

Ffdplk; te;J cs;Ns tur; nrhy;yp miof;fpwhd;. cs;Ns

174

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Eioe;j Ffd; fz;fs; fspf;Fk;gb ,uhkid juprdk; nra;J> Nkdp

tisj;J> iffshy; tha; nghj;jp gzpNthL epd;whd;. ,uhkd;

mtid mkUk;gb nrhy;ypAk; Ffd; mkutpy;iy. “IaNd! NjtuPH

mKJ nra;jUSk;gb jq;fSf;fhfj; NjHe;njLj;j NjDk;> kPDk;

,q;Ff; nfhz;L te;Njd;> jhq;fs; jia$He;J mtw;iw

Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mKJ nra;jUs Ntz;Lk;" vd;whd;. Gd;rpupg;NghL

,uhkd; KdptHfis Nehf;fpdhd;. jtnthOf;fk; g+z;l ehd;

cz;Zjw;F Kbahjtw;iwf; nfhzHe;j mtd; nts;is

cs;sj;ijAk; kpFjpahd md;igAk; vz;zp ,uhkd; nefpo;fpwhd;.

“cs;shHe;j md;NghL eP nfhzHe;j ,tw;iw ehk; cz;ljhfNt

vz;zpf;nfhs;" vd;whd;. ehq;fs; ,d;wpuT ,q;Nf jq;fp ehis

tpbaw;fhiy fq;ifiaf; fle;J mg;ghy; nry;y epidf;fpNwhk;. eP

,g;NghJ cdJ gupthuq;fNshL CUf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W ehisf;

fhiyapy; glFld; ,q;F te;J NrHthahf!" vd;whd;.

jtf;Nfhyk; g+z;bUe;j ,uhkidg; ghHj;J Ffd;

Jaukile;J “IaNd! jq;fisg; gpupe;J nry;y vd; kdk; ,lk;

jUtjpy;iy. ehd; jq;fSlNd ,q;NfNa jq;fptpLfpNwd;"

vd;whd;.mJNfl;l ,uhkd; “mg;gbahapd; ePAk; ,d;W vq;fNshL

,Uf;fyhk;" vd mDkjpj;jhd;. clNd Ffd; jd; Nridia

mioj;J fhl;L kpUfq;fs; mq;fpUg;gtHfisj; Jd;GWj;jhjthW

fhj;jpl me;jj; jtg; gs;spiar; Rw;wp fhty; ,Uf;FkhW

gzpj;Jtpl;Lj; jhDk; fhtYf;F epd;whd;. “jhq;fs; jpUefH ePq;fp

mNahj;jpiatpl;L tdk; GFtjw;F vd;d fhuzk;" vd Ffd; tpdt

,yf;Ftd; ele;j tuyhw;iw mtDf;F ciuf;fpwhd;. mijf; Nfl;L

Ffd; kpfTk; tUe;jp ,uhkd;ghy; NkYk; gf;jp nfhz;lhd;. md;wpuT

,uhkDk; rPijAk; ehzy;fis tpupj;J mjpy; gLj;jdH.

,isangUkhs; ,uT KOtJk; fz; JQ;rhky; tpy; Ve;jpa

ifadha; fhty; ,Ue;jhd;. ,ijnay;yhk; FfDk; fz;tpopj;Jg;

ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. nghOJ tpbe;jJ. ,uhkd; vOe;J

flikfisnay;yhk; Kbj;J> mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl tpiue;J nrd;W

“glfpidf; nfhz;L th" vd;W Ffidg; gzpj;jhd;. mg;NghJ

,uhkgpuhidg; gpupa kdkpy;yhj Ffd;> mtd; fq;ifiaf;

fle;jgpd; mq;F jq;fhJ nrd;Wtplf; $Lnkd vz;zp> mtd;

jd;NdhL jk; CupNyNa jq;fptpl Ntz;Lnkd;W ,iwQ;Rfpwhd;.

175


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

10.21. ,uhkd; fq;ifiaf; flj;jy; FfdJ md;gpid czHe;j ,uhkd; mtdplk; kpf;f

fUizNahL jhd; kPz;Lk; tUk;NghJ te;J jq;fpr; nry;tjhff;

$Wfpwhd;. Ffd; nfhz;Lte;j glfpy; %tUk; Vwp fq;ifiaf;

flf;fpd;wdH. mf;fiu nrd;wgpd; ,uhkidg; gpupa kdkpd;wp Ffd;

kWgb jd; Miriaf; $Wfpwhd;. md;NghL mjid kWj;j ,uhkd;

Ffd;ghy; nfhz;l md;ghy;> “jk;gp! Ffh! ehq;fs; rNfhjuHfs;

ehy;tHjhd; ,Ue;Njhk;. ,g;NghJ cd;NdhLk; $l ItuhNdhk; vd;W

nrhy;yp tpilngw;Wr; nry;fpwhd;. gpwF %tUk; fq;iff; fiuapd;

njd;gFjpapy; njw;F Nehf;fpg; gazk; nry;fpd;wdH. topele;J

nry;Yifapy; #upa m];jkd fhyj;jpy; XH Mrpukj;ijf;

fhz;fpd;wdH. me;j Mrpukj;jpy; trpj;J te;J guj;th[ KdptH

,tHfis tuNtw;W cgrupj;jhH. mtH ,uhkidj; jOtpf;nfhz;L

tpk;kp> mtd; tdthrk; nra;a te;j tptuj;ijf; Nfl;fpwhH.

ele;jtw;iw ,uhkd; nrhy;y> KdptH tUj;jkilfpwhH. gpwF

KdptH ,uhkidj; jd;DlNdNa jq;fptpLkhW Ntz;LfpwhH.,e;j

,lk; mNahj;jpf;F kpf mUfpy; cs;sJ. Nfhry ehl;L kf;fs;

,e;j ,lj;Jf;F te;J $LthHfs;. mJ cq;fisg; Nghd;w

KdptHfSf;nfy;yhk; ,ila+whf ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt> jhd; njhlHe;J

tdj;Jf;Fs; nry;tNj Kiw vd;whd;. clNd guj;th[ KdptH

rpj;jpu$l kiyapd; ngUikfisnay;yhk; $wp mq;Nfjhd;

mtHfs; jq;f rpwe;j ,lk; vd;W $WfpwhH. %tUk; mtuplk;

tpilngw;Wf;nfhz;L aKdh ejpf; fiuia milfpd;wdH. mq;Nf

fpilj;j %q;fpw;fopfis> xj;j msthfj; Jz;bj;J khiznaDk;

fhl;Lf; nfhbiaf; fapwhff; nfhz;L njg;gnkhd;W fl;b> mjpy;

Vwp aKidahw;iwf; flf;fpd;wdH.

10.22. rpj;jpu$l kiyapd; vopy; ,uhkidAk;> rPijiaAk; glfpy; ,Uj;jp ,yf;Ftd; mijj;

js;spf; nfhz;L ePe;jpf; flf;fpwhd;. gpwF neLe;J}uk; gazk;

nra;J xU ghiyepyj;ij mile;jdH. ,uhkd; tUifahy; me;j

ghiyepyk; FspHe;J ePHtsk; cs;s ,lkhf Mapw;W. gpwF

mtHfs; mt;tplj;ijf; fle;J rpj;jpu$l kiyiaf; fz;ldH.

,aw;if tsq;fs; epuk;gpf; fplf;Fk; me;j rpj;jpu$lf;

fhl;rpfisnay;yhk; ,uhkd; rPjhgpuhl;bf;Ff; fhl;LfpwhH. mq;Nf

Nkfq;fs; ahidfisg; Nghy tpj;jpahrkpd;wp Njhd;Wk;

fhl;rpfisAk;> kufj gr;irnahsp #upad; Njupy; g+l;ba Fjpiufs;

176

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




NghyTk;> %q;fpy; Gjupy; rpf;fpa ghk;gpd; cupj;j Njhy;fs;

khspifkPjpy; gwf;Fk; nfhbfs; Nghy MbaJk;> kiyr; rpfuq;fs;>

mUtpfs;> gRikahd Nrhiyfs;> fspWfs; #y;nfhz;l

gpbfSf;Fj; Njd; nfhLf;Fk; fhl;rpfs;> fLtd;fSk; ke;jpfSk;

jhtp tpisahLk; fhl;rpfs;> nfhbr;rpaH ftz; tPRk; fhl;rpfs;> ePH

tw;wpa fhl;lhWfs;> fw;gf kyHfs;> mRzg; gwitfs; ghly;

Nfl;Lj; JapYk; fhl;rpfs;> mUtp ePupd; eWkzk; ,g;gb khwp khwpj;

Njhd;Wk; fhl;rpfisnay;yhk; ,uhkd; rPijf;Ff; fhl;b kfpo;fpwhH.

gpd;dH mt;tpUtUk; fz;%b jpahdj;jpy; mkHe;J gpd; ,yf;Ftd;

mikj;j xU gHzrhiyapy; jq;Ffpd;wdH. ,q;Nf ,yf;Ftd;

%q;fpy;fis msthf ntl;b> mjid el;L mjd;Nky; tupr;Rf;

Nfhy;fis gug;gp> cyHe;j Njf;F ,iyfshy; $iu mikj;J>

mjd; Nky; ehzw; Gw;fisg; gug;gp> ehw;GwKk; %q;fpy; fhy;fis

neWf;fkhf ehl;b mjd; Nky; kz; g+rpr; RtH mikj;j tifapid

tptukhff; $WfpwhH fk;gH. cynfyhk; gilf;Fk; ngUikAila

,uhkd; xU rpW Fbypy; Fb GFe;jhd;. ,yf;FtDf;Fj;> jhd;

Jd;gk; jUtjhf ,uhkd; $w> ,yf;Ftd; ,J jdf;Fj; Jd;gkd;W

vd;Wk;> ,uhkd; ,g;gb fhl;by; xU Fbypy; ,Uf;Fk;gb Mapw;Nw

vd;gJjhd; jdJ Jauk; vd;Wk; $wpdhd;.

10.23. Nffa ehl;by; gujd; trp\;l KdptH gujid mioj;J tUk;gb mDg;gpa

J}jHfs; tpiue;J nrd;W ,uT gfyhfg; gazk; nra;J Nffa ehL

nrd;wile;jdH. te;j J}jHfis tuNtw;w gujd;> jd; je;ij

jPjpd;wp eykhf ,Uf;fpwhuh vdf; Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F me;j J}jHfs;

je;ij “typad;" (ed;whf ,Uf;fpwhd;) vd gjpy; nrhy;YfpwhHfs;.

vd; mz;zh ,uhkd; ,sty; ,yf;FtDld; eyk;jhNd? vdf;

Nfl;fpwhd;. Mk; vd mtHfs; $w jiyNky; fuk; Ftpj;J

mtHfis khdrPfkhf tzq;Ffpwhd; gujd;. gpwF midtuJ

eyidAk; Nfl;lwpe;jgpd; mtHfs; nfhzHe;j jpUKfj;ij

thq;fpdhd;. je;ijapd; jpUKfkhjyhy; mjid kupahijNahL

thq;fp vOe;J epd;W jiyNkw; nfhz;lhd;. gpd;dH gujd; jdJ

Nrid kw;Wk; gupthuq;fSld; mNahj;jpf;Fg; Gwg;gLfpwhd;.

neLe;J}uk; gazk; nra;J Nfhry ehl;bd; vy;iyia milfpwhd;.

VO ehl;fs; gazk; nra;J ,e;j J}uj;ijf; flf;fpwhd;.

vOr;rpAk;> Js;sYk;> kfpo;r;rpAk; jhz;ltkhba Nfhry ehL

Jauj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUe;jJ. kf;fs; Jd;gf;flypy; Mo;e;J ,Ug;gijf;

177


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

fz;lhd;. vq;F Nehf;fpDk; Jauf; fhl;rpfs;. taypy; new;fjpHfs;

jiyrha;e;J kzpfs; cj;He;J fple;jd> ngz;fs; jk; njhopypy;

ehl;lkpd;wp Clypy; ,Ue;jdH> ,g;gb ehL fis ,oe;J gpzk;Nghy

fhl;rpje;jJ.

10.24. mNahj;jpapd; fz;ljpu;e;j gujd; ehl;bd; mty epiy fz;L gujd; ,q;F VNjh ngUe;jPq;F

epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W czHe;J nfhz;lhd;. mg;gb vd;d epfo;e;jJ

vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mtypy; Njupid tpiue;J nrYj;jr;

nra;jhd;. efupd; ngUthapiy milfpwhd;. mq;Nf kjpypYk;

khspiffspYk; thdshtg; gwe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nfhbfisf;

fhztpy;iy. efuj;jpy; ,ug;NghHf;F toq;Fk; nfhilfs;

eilngwtpy;iy. kq;fyk; ghLNthH $j;jH KjyhNdhH gupR

ngw;Wr; nry;Yk; fhl;rpfisf; fhztpy;iy. me;jzHfs; gupR

ngw;Wr; nry;Yk; fhl;rpfs; fhzg;gltpy;iy. aho; ,irAk; khe;jH

MLk; rpyk;gpd; XirAk; Nfl;ftpy;iy. tPjpfs; mutkpd;wp

ntupr;Nrhbf; fple;jd. gho;gl;l giftH CH NghyTk;> jpUkhYk;

jpUkfSk; ePq;fpa nghyptpoe;j ghw;fly; NghyTk; mNahj;jp

twpjhfpg; NghdJ. gujdJ NjH Ntfkhfr; nrd;W murdJ

khspifia mle;jJ. je;ijia vq;Fk; fhzhky;> je;ij

,we;jpUf;ff;$LNkh vd;W mr;rk; Njhd;wpaJ. cz;ikiaj; njupe;J

nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Ntfkhfg; Gwg;gl;l gujdplk; ifNfap

mDg;gpa J}jHfs; te;J “cd; jhahH cd;id clNd ghHf;f

tpUk;GfpwhHfs;" vd;w nra;jpiaf; $wpdhHfs;. te;J tzq;fpa

gujidf; ifNfap jOtpf; nfhz;lhs;. gpd; jd; gpwe;j tPl;bdupd;

eyk; tpdt> RUf;fkhf tpilaspj;jhd; “jPjpyH" vd;W. je;ijia

vq;F NjbAk; fhztpy;iyNa> je;ij vq;Nf? vd;whd; gujd;.

je;ij vq;Nf vd;wTld; kdk; fyq;f Ntz;ba ifNfap rw;Wk;

tUj;jkpd;wp mtH ,we;j nra;jpiar; nrhy;yp ePAk; tUe;jhNj

vd;whs;.

10.25. ifNfapiag; gopj;j gujd; je;ijiaf; fhzhJ Vq;fpj; jtpj;j gujDf;F> ifNfapapd;

nrhw;fs; Ngupbnad jhf;fp kaq;fp jiuapy; rha;e;jhd;. Jauj;jhy;

jhf;Fz;l gujd; jd; jhaplk; “gpwH nrhy;y mQ;Rk; nra;jpia eP

tha; $rhky; nrhy;fpwhNa! cd;dpYk; nfhbats; cyfpy;

cz;Nlh?" vd;whd;. je;ij Ngha;tpl;lhd;> ,dp mtid epide;J

Gyk;Gtjpy; gadpy;iy. ,uhkidf; fz;L juprpj;J mjdhy; kd

178

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




MWjy; ngwyhk; vd;W vz;zp “vd; mz;zh ,uhkid juprpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mtH vq;Nf?" vd;whd;.

rpwpJ$l tUj;jkpd;wp ifNfap nrhd;dhs;: “,uhkd;

jk;gpNahLk; NjtpNahLk; fhdfj;jpy; cs;shd;" vd;W. ,jidf;

Nfl;l gujd; jPia cz;ltd; Nghy Mdhd;. ,uhkgpuhd; tdk;

Nghdhd; vd;why; vd;d fhuzkhf ,Uf;Fk;. FU JNuhfk;> nja;tf;

Fw;wk; ,tw;wpy; vJ fhuzkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;wp kjp kaq;fpdhd;.

gpwHf;Fj; jPq;F vz;zhj kdj;jpdd; ,uhkd;. mg;gbapUf;f mtd;

tdk; Nghff; fhuznkd;d vd;whd; gujd;. rf;futHj;jp capUld;

,Uf;Fk; NghNj ,uhkd; fhl;Lf;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhd; vd;W gjpy;

$wpdhs; ifNfap. Vd; mg;gb ele;jJ? vd;whd; gujd;. “ehd; cd;

je;ijaplk; ,U tuq;fisf; Nfl;Nld;. mtw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L>

xU tuj;jpdhy; ,uhkid fhl;Lf;Fg; Nghfr; nra;Njd;. kw;nwhU

tuj;jpdhy; ehL cdf;F cupaJ vd;W Mf;fpNdd;. mij nghWf;f

khl;lhky;> cd; je;ij> jdJ capiu ePf;fpdhd;" vd;whs;.

fhJfspy; jP GFe;jJ Nghy ,e;jr; nrhw;fisf; Nfl;l gujd;

nrtpfisg; nghj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;. ifNfap nrhd;d nrhw;fs;

gujdpd; nrtp GFe;jJk; mtd; fd;dq;fs; rpdj;jhy; Jbj;jd@

kapHf;fhy;fs; jP ckpo;e;jd@ Gif #o;e;jJ@ tha; kbj;Jf; fuq;fs;

xd;Nwhnlhd;W Nkhjp miwe;jd@ rpdj;jP gujid KOtJkha;

Ml;nfhs;s thdtUk;> mTzHfSk; mQ;rpdH@ JQ;rpdH@ jpir

ahidfs; kUz;ld@ #upaDk; jpir khwpdhd;@ fLk; rpd fhyDk;

fz;fis %bf; nfhz;lhd;. “cd; nfhba #o;r;rpahy; vd; je;ij

khz;L Nghdhd;@ mz;zh ,uhkd; ngUk; jtk; Nkw;nfhz;lhd;.

,ijf; Nfl;l gpwFk; cd; thia fpopf;fhky; ,Uf;fpNwNd!

ghtj;jhy; eP ngw;w ,e;j uh[;aj;ij ehd; Mz;ltdhfNt

Mfptpl;NlNd!" “Kjypy; czuhJ jtW nra;jpUe;jhYk;> mjd;

tpid njupe;j gpwF eP khz;LNghapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. m/jpd;wp

,d;Dk; eP capNuhL ,Uf;fpwhNa! cd;idf; nfhd;Wtpl

epidf;fpNwd;. Mdhy; me;j jhapDk; ey;y ,uhkd; vd; kPJ

Nfhgg;gLthNd vd;W jaq;FfpNwd;". “#upa Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa

ehd;> jhapd; jfhj #o;r;rpahy; fpilj;j muir ngw;Nwd; vd;W

gpw;fhyj;jpy; gop Vw;Fk;gb nra;J tpl;lhNa! eP nra;j nfhba

nrayhy; xUtH (jrujd;) khsTk;> tdk; Ngha; kPz;Ltu xU tPud;

(,uhkd;) ,Uf;fTk;> eP tpUk;gpa ,e;j ehl;il ehd; (gujd;) MsTk;

179


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nra;jhnad;why; ,J ey;y jHkk; jhd;!" vd;W ,fo;r;rpahff;

$wpdhd; gujd;.

“cd; nrayhy;> cdf;Nfh> vdf;Nfh> ehl;Lf;Nfh ey;yJ

xd;Wk; ,y;iy. jHkk; nfl;lJ> gop NrHe;jJ@ ehl;Lf;Fj; Jd;gk;

NeHe;jJ. cdf;F ,e;j #o;r;rpiar; nrhd;dJ ahH? vdf;F ,e;j

muRk; Ntz;lhk;> ,e;jg; gopAk; Ntz;lhk;." “ehd; Neubahfr;

nra;ahky;> cd; %ykhf ,j;jPr; nray;fisr; nra;jjhfj;jhd;

cyfj;jhH nrhy;YthHfs;. “va;jtd; ,Uf;f mk;ig NehthNtd;"

vd;W eP Fw;wKk; gopAk; mw;wtshfp tpLtha;! Mdhy; vdf;F

NeHe;j gopia khw;w KbahJ. cd;idf;$l ey;ytshf;fp tpl;Nld;

ehd;" vd;W gujd; nehe;J nfhs;fpwhd;.

“vdf;F Vw;gl;Ltpl;l ,e;jg; gopf;F mQ;rp ehd; capiu

kha;j;Jf; nfhs;tijf; fhl;bYk;> capNuhL ,Ue;J ehd;

Fw;wkw;wtd; vd;gij ,e;j cyFf;Fj; njupar; nra;tNj Nky;

vd;W vz;ZfpNwd;. mg;gb ehd; gopapypUe;J tpLgLNtdhdhy;>

ePjhd; fhuzk; vd;W cyfk; mwpe;J nfhz;L cd;id ,fOk;.

eQ;R> cz;ltiuf; nfhy;Yk;> eP nra;j gop cd;idf;

nfhy;yj;jhd; NghfpwJ".

“gpwH epdf;ff;$l mQ;Rfpd;w nfhLikahd nraiyf;

$rhky; nra;Jtpl;l ngUk; ghtp eP! cd; ght tapw;wpy; gpwe;J

tpl;ljhy;> me;jg; ghtk; vd;idAky;yth njhlUk;. mjdhy; ehd;

nra;ahj gpiof;F ehNd fhuzk; NghyTk;> mjdhy; kdk; tUe;jp

Jd;GWk; epiyf;F Mshfptpl;Nld;! ,e;jg; gop ePq;fNtz;Lkhdhy; eP

,uhkDf;F mspj;j jt tho;f;ifia ehNd Nkw;nfhs;SfpNwd;.

,J ahUf;fhfTk; my;y> jHkj;Jf;fhfr; nra;fpNwd;". “vdf;F

ed;ik jUtJ jtk; vd;W nrhd;Ndd;. cdf;F ed;ik jUtJ vJ

njupAkh? eP capHJwj;jNy ed;W. mJjhd; epahak;. eP capH

Jwe;jhy; ifNfap Ra czHT ,y;yhky; jtW nra;J tpl;lhs;>

mJ jtW vd;gJ czHe;jJk; capiu tpl;L tpl;lhs;@ mts;

Fw;wkw;wts; vd;w GfioahtJ eP ngWtha;. mjdhy; cdJ

ghtq;fSk; jPHe;J NghFk;" vd;whd; gujd;. vt;tsT vLj;Jf;

$wpAk; ifNfap kdk; khwhjJ fz;L gujd;> ,dp ,q;fpUg;gjpy;

gadpy;iy. vy;yh Jd;gq;fisAk; ePf;fp ,jkspf;f ty;yts;

nfsry;ah Njtpjhd;. me;j md;idiar; nrd;W fhz;fpNwd; vd;W

Gwg;gl;lhd;.

180

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




10.26. Nfhriyiaf; fz;l gujd ; Nfhriyiaf; fz;l gujd; mbaw;w kuk;Nghy mts;

jpUtbfspy; tPo;e;J> mtw;iwg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L Gyk;Gfpwhd;. Jauk;

kpFe;J vo rpwpJ Neuk; NgrKbahky; jpzwpagpd; NgRfpwhd;.

“mk;kh! ve;ij vt;Tyfpy; cs;shH? vd; mz;zh ,uhkd;

vq;fpUf;fpwhH. ,e;j epiyiaf; fhzth ehd; jdpadha; ,q;F

te;J NrHe;Njd;. vd; kdj;JaUf;F gjpy; nrhy;Yq;fs; mk;kh!"

vd;whd;. Nfhriyiaf; fz;lJk; mtd; Jauk; mjpfupj;J jiuapy;

Guz;L mOfpwhd;. “,e;jf; nfhLikiar; nra;jtHfs; jk;

Fyj;NjhL mope;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; mtHfs; mopatpy;iyNa.

,tw;wpw;Ff; fhuzkhd nfhbats; ifNfapapd; tapw;wpy;

gpwe;Njdy;yth? ehd;jhd; tQ;rfd;. vdNt mijr; nrhy;yTk;

vdf;F mUfij ,y;iy. ,e;jj; Jauk; ePq;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> ehd;

,we;J xopjy; xd;Nw topahFk;".

“,Jtiu gopghtk; nra;J nfl;l ngaH ngw;wtH xUtNuDk;

ek; Fyj;jpy; cjpf;ftpy;iy. ehd; te;J gpwe;NjNd gopfhudhf!

ehl;il Kd;G fhj;J te;jtUk; ,dpf; fhf;Fk; cupik ngw;wtUk;

ehl;by; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lhHfNs! ehL fz;fis ,oe;J

jtpf;fpwNj@ ,e;j ehL ,e;j epiyia milayhFNkh?" vd;W

gujd; Gyk;Gfpwhd;. ,jid Nfhriy Nfl;lhs;. caHFbg; gpwg;Gk;

mjw;Nfw;w nghWik> fw;G newp Kjyhd rPupa Fzq;fisg;

ngw;wtsy;yth Nfhriy. gujDila kdepiyia ed;F Gupe;J

nfhz;lhs;. mtdJ jha; ifNfapapd; #o;r;rpapy; mtDf;Fk; gq;F

,Uf;FNkh vd Kd;G fUjpapUe;jikahy; Vw;gl;l Nfhgk; khwp>

kdk; nefpo;e;J mtidg; ghHj;Jr; nrhy;fpwhs;. “jhNa! ifNfap

nra;j #o;r;rp vdf;F Kd;Ng njupe;jpUf;Fkhdhy; ehd; eufj;Jf;Fg;

NghNtd;. vg;gb njupAkh? jHkk; nfLk;gb jPa topapy; nry;gtDk;>

,uf;fkw;w fy;kdk; gilj;jtDk;> khw;whd; kidtp kPJ fhkk;

nfhz;L mts; thapypy; fhj;Jf; fplg;gtDk;> fhuzkpd;wp gpwH kPJ

Nfhgg;gLgtDk;> nfhLik nra;J capHfisg; gwpg;gtDk;>

jtrpfSf;Ff; fLe;Jd;gk; tpistpj;jtDk; ve;j eufj;Jf;Fg;

NghthHfNsh me;j eufj;Jf;F ehd; NghNtd;".

"vd; jhapd; #o;r;rp vdf;F Kd;Ng njupe;jpUf;Fkhapd;

Ik;ngUk; ghtq;fshd murd;> MrpupaH> jha;> je;ij> jikad;

MfpNahiuAk; ngz;fisAk; thshy; nfhd;wtd;> murDf;Fr;

NruNtz;ba nghUl;fis tQ;ridahy; ftHe;jtd;> Nghupy;

181


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

vjpupaplk; Njhw;W Gwk; fhl;b Xbte;jtd;> gpwuplk; ahrfk; ngw;Wf;

nfhzHe;j nghUis mtHfisj; jhf;fp mgfupj;jtDk; ve;j

eufj;Jf;Fg; NghthHfNsh me;j eufj;Jf;F ehd; NghNtd;". “vd;

jhapd; #o;r;rp vdf;F Kd;Ng njupe;jpUf;Fkhapd; Jst khiy

mzpe;j jpUkhiy jiytd; (guk;nghUs;) my;y vd;W nrhd;dtd;>

mupa xOf;fk; mike;j me;jzHfSf;Fg; gpio Gupe;jtd;>

Fw;wkw;w Ntj newpiag; Ngzhky;> jtWfis ,ioj;jtd;> ngha;

vDk; Nga; gpbj;j kdj;jpdd;> MfpNahH NghFk; eufj;Jf;F ehd;

NghNtd;". ,g;gbahfg; #Siufisg; gujd; jha; Nfhriy “NffaH

Nfhkfs; ,ioj;j ifjtk; eP mwpe;jpiy NghYk;!" vd;W Nfl;l

Nfs;tpf;Fg; gjpyhff; $wpKbj;jhd;. “vd; jhapd; #o;r;rp vdf;F

Kd;Ng njupe;jpUf;Fkhapd; cs;s midj;J eufq;fSf;Fk; ehd;

NghNtdhf!" vd;W $wpf;nfhz;Nl Nfhriyapd; ghjq;fspy;

tPo;e;jhd; gujd;. gujd; $wpa thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;l Nfhriy>

mtdJ kdj; J}a;ikia czHe;J> ,uhkNd jpUk;gp

te;Jtpl;lijg; Nghy kfpo;e;J md;gpdhy; fz;zPH ngUf;fp gujid

vLj;Jj; jOtpf; nfhz;lhs;. jha; ifNfapapd; fba kdj;ijAk;>

gujdpd; caHe;j Fzq;fisAk; vz;zp tpk;kpg; ngUkpjkile;j

Nfhriyapd; jdq;fspy; ghy; Rue;jJ. gujid md;NghL

mizj;Jf; nfhz;L mts; NgrYw;whs;.

10.27. Nfhriy gujdplk; ,Wjpf;fld; nra;a Ntz;Ljy; “Foe;jha;! gujh! goikAk; GfOk; tha;e;j cd; Fyj;Js;

cjpj;jtUs; cd;idg; Nghd;w rpwe;jtH ahH csH?" vd;W

Nfhriy $wTk;> gujd; kWgb mtsJ ghjq;fspy; tpOe;j gzpa>

mg;NghJ trp\;lH mq;F te;jhH. gujd; FyFU trp\;lupd;

ghjq;fspYk; tpOe;J tzq;fpdhd;. FUitf; fz;lJk; Jf;fk; gPupl

gujd; “ve;ij vq;Nf Nghdhd;?" vd;W mOjhd;. “khrw;w vd;

ike;jh! gujh! cd; je;ij ,we;J VO ehl;fs; fle;J tpl;ld.

Gjy;tH nra;a Ntz;ba ,Wjpf; flid eP nra;J Kbg;ghahf"

vd;W Nfhriy gujdplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhs;.

je;ijapd; ,Wjpf; fld;fisr; nra;AkhW gzpj;j jha;

Nfhriyapd; nghw;ghjq;fis tzq;fp> trp\;lUld; nrd;W

jd;DapH <e;J jHkj;ijf; fhj;j jrujdpd; cliyf; fz;lhd;.

je;ijapd; cliyf; fz;l khj;jpuj;jpy;> gujd; kz;kPJ tpOe;J

mywpj; jPHf;fpwhd;. cyfk; KOtJk; eyKwf; fhj;j jrujd;

cly; vz;nzapy; ,Ue;jJ. mjidj; jd; fz;zPuhy; fOtpdhd;.

182

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ehd;F Ntjq;fisAk; fw;Wj; NjHe;j me;jzHfs;> kd;ddpd;

cliy> ijyg;Ngioapdpd;Wk; nky;y vLj;J> mur

kupahijfNshL$ba thj;jpa Kof;fq;fSld; xU nghd;

tpkhdj;jpy; Vw;wpdH. mg;NghJ jrujdpd; rhujpahd Rke;jpuDk;>

mikr;rHfSk;> gilj;jiytHfSk;> kw;WKs;s uh[hq;f

mjpfhupfSk; el;G Rw;wk; midj;Jk; #o;e;Jnfhz;L mOJ

jPHj;jdH. kf;fs; mOJ Gyk;gpf; nfhz;L fuq;fis cauj; J}f;fp

tzq;f> tpkhdj;ij XH ahidapd; kPJ Vw;wpf; nfhz;L NghapdH.

rq;F> Kurq;fs; Koq;f> ngUe;Jf;fj;jhy; kf;fs; fz;zPH ky;f>

ahid Fjpiu> NjHg;gilfs; Kd; nry;y Ntjk; Xjpf; nfhz;L

me;jzHfs; gpd;nry;y> jrujdpd; mWgjpdhapuk; NjtpaUk;

mtHfisj; njhlu> miyfly; Nghy midtUk; ruA ejpf;

fiuia mile;jdH.

10.28. rj;Uf;Fdd; ,Wjpf;fld; nra;jy ;

“cd; jha; kidtp vd;w cupikiaAk;> eP kfd; vDk;

cupikiaAk; ,og;gjhff; $wp rf;futHj;jp ,we;J NghdhH" vd;whH

KdptH. trp\;lH ,k;nkhop ciuj;jJk;> kdk; tUe;jp

ngU%r;nrwpe;jhd; gujd;. Kjypy; eifj;jhd;. gpd; ngUe;Jauhy;

kdk; nehe;J $Wfpwhd;. “je;ijf;F ,Wjpf;fld; Mw;w

cupikapy;yhj ehd;> murhSk; cupikia kl;Lk; ngw;NwNdh?

“fha;j;Jf; FYq;Fk; njd;idf; Fiyapy; ey;y fha;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; gjb (NjiuAz;l fha;) Nghy ehd; te;Njd;. vd;id

murdhf;ff; fUjp vd; jha; nra;j nray;jhd; vd;Nd!" ,t;thW

Gyk;gpj; jtpf;Fk; gujd; jd; jk;gp rj;Uf;Fdidf; nfhz;L <kf;

fld;fisr; nra;tpj;jhd;.

jrujdJ NjtpkhHfs; mWgjpdhaputUk; mtd;

,we;jTlNdNa jhq;fSk; capHtplj; Jzpe;jdH. Mdhy; trp\;l

KdptH Mizahy; mg;NghJ> capHj;jpahfk; nra;tijj; jtpHj;j

mtHfs; ,g;NghJ g+Q;Nrhiyapy; GFk; kapy; $l;lk; Nghy

cld;fl;il VwpdH. “rffkdk;" vDk; cld;fl;il VWjy; gj;jpdpg;

ngz;bH mt;thW nra;tjhy; jkf;F ew;fjp cz;lhFNkh MfhNjh

vd;fpw Iakpd;wp Jzpe;J nra;a Ntz;Lkhk;. mj;jifatuha;

gj;jpdpg; ngz;bH midtUk; mt;thNw nra;J ey;Yyfk;

mile;jdH. Kjy;ehs; rlq;Ffs; rj;Uf;Fddhy; elj;jp

itf;fg;gl;lgpd;> midtUk; muz;kid nrd;wile;jdH. Vida

ehl;fspd; rlq;FfSk; Kbe;jgpd;> muR fl;by; VwtpUk;ghj gujd;

183


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

cl;gl midtUk; muz;kidapy; $bdH. ,dp nra;a

Ntz;baJgw;wp MNyhrpf;f trp\;lH> kiwatHfs; Gil#o

te;jpUe;J gujdplk; ehL murd; ,y;yhky; ,Uj;jyhy; Vw;gLk;

jPq;Ffs; gw;wp vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. trp\;lH “gujh! ehL murdpd;wp

,Uj;jy; jfhJ. murhl;rp cd;idj; Njb te;Js;sJ> vdNt eP

Kbjupj;J ehl;ilg; ghJfhg;gJ cd; fld;" vd;whH. gujd;

,r;nrhw;fisf; Nfl;L tUe;jpdhd;. jd;id eQ;R cz;ZkhW

tw;GWj;JtJ Nghy ,Ue;jJ gujDf;F. murhl;rp kw;wtHf;F

mKjk; Nghy ,Uf;fyhk;> Mdhy; gujDf;F mJ eQ;RNghyj;jhd;

,Ue;jJ. Jauk; kpFjpahy; gujd; %Hr;iraile;jhd;. gpd;G

njspe;J vOe;J> nkJthfj; jd; fUj;ij midtUk; mwpaf;

$wyhdhd;.

10.29. muNrw;FkhW gujid Ntz;Ljy; “ngupNahHfNs! ePq;fs; $WtJ jHkkhfhJ> Fw;wNk!

%j;jtd; ,Uf;f ehd; Kb#Ljy; vt;tifapYk; jfhJ. vd;

md;id nra;jJ ngUq;Fw;wk;. ,uhkd; ,t;Tyfk; kl;Lkpd;wp

%Tyfq;fisAk; jhq;Fk; jFjpAk; Mw;wYk; cs;std;. %j;jtd;

vd;gNj Kb#Ltjw;F cupikahapw;W. ehd; vt;tifapYk; mjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhdtd; my;y". “ehd; murhl;rpia Vw;f khl;Nld;.

mz;zd; ,uhkr;re;jpu %Hj;jpia kPz;Lk; mioj;J te;J

Kb#l;LtijNa ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;. mg;gb ,uhkid kPz;Lk;

mioj;J tuKbatpy;iynad;why; ehDk; fhl;bNyNa jq;fp mupa

jtj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;. mg;gbAk; Kbahtpl;lhy; vd;

capiuj;Jwg;Ngd;" vd;whd; gujd;. rigNahH tpae;jdH. “je;ij

,Ue;jNghNj> ,uhkd; Kb#l ,ire;jhd;. ePNah jha; je;ij

,UtUkhf cdf;fspj;j muir ,uhkd; ,q;F ,y;yhj NghJk;

kWf;fpwha;. cd;idg; Nghy rpwe;j Fzk; gilj;NjhH mur

Fyj;jpy; ,Jtiu Njhd;wpdhupy;iy" vd;W Gfo;e;jdH. “eP muR

Vw;W cd; je;ijiag; Nghy rpwg;ghf Ml;rp nra;J ngwf;$ba

GfopDk;> muir kWj;J eP ngw;w Gfo; ngupJ. m/J vd;Wk;

tho;f!" vd;W tho;j;jpdH. gujd; jd; jk;gp rj;Uf;Fdid

mioj;jhd;. “jk;gp! ehL KOtJk; KuR miwe;J ,uhkgpuhid

mioj;J tu Nridia clNd jahH nra;" vd;whd;.

184

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




10.30. ,uhkid mioj;J tug; Gwg;gl;l gujd; ,uhkd; kPz;Lk; tUthd;> Kb#Lthd; vd;w nra;jpiaf;

Nfl;lTlNdNa ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; ctifkpf mile;jdH.

re;jpNuhjak; fz;L fly; nghq;fpf; nfhe;jspg;gJNghy kf;fs;

fpsHe;njOe;jdH. ahidfs;> Fjpiufs;> NjHfs;> tz;bfs; vd

fz;Zf;nfl;ba J}uk; jahuhfptpl;ldH. ngUj;j Muthuj;Jld;

gilfs; efuj; njhlq;fpd. gilfis Kd;Nd nry;ytpl;lgpd;

gujd; jhDk; jd; jk;gpAkhf jtf;Nfhyk; g+z;L kuTup jupj;J

NjHkPNjwp Gwg;gl;lhd;. jha;khHfs; %tUk;> mikr;rHfs;> J}a

me;jzHfs; MfpNahH gujidj; njhlHe;J #o;e;Jnfhz;L

nrd;wdH. ,g;gb efHe;J nry;Yk; $l;lj;jpy; ,t;tsTf;Fk;

fhuzkhd $dpAk; ce;jpf; nfhz;L ele;J Nghtijf; ftdpj;j

rj;Uf;Fdd; mtisf; nfhd;Wtpl epidj;Jg; gha;e;J nrd;whd;.

mtidg; gujd; jLj;J epWj;jpdhd;. “jk;gp! jha; ifNfap jtW

,ioj;jts; vd;W ehd; mtisf; nfhd;Wtpl;Nldhdhy;> mz;zd;

,uhkd; vd;id kd;dpf;fkhl;lhd;. mjdhy;jhd; ehd; mtisf;

nfhy;ytpy;iy. ,jid ePAk; vz;zpg;ghH" vd;W nrhy;yp jk;gpiar;

rkhjhdg; gLj;jpf; $l;br; nrd;whd;. ,uhkd; fhl;Lf;Fr; nry;ifapy;

jq;fpa NrhiyapNyNa ,g;NghJ ,tHfSk; jq;fpdhHfs;. ,uhkd;

Kd;G jq;fpa Nrhiyapy; mz;zd; ,uhkd; Kd;G radpj;j

,lj;ijf; Nfl;lwpe;J> mjid kpjpf;fTk; mQ;rp> mjd; gf;fj;jpy;

GOjp gbe;j ntWe;jiuapy; md;wpuitf; fopj;jhd;. mWRit

cz;bia ePj;J fpoq;ifAk; fdpfisAk;$l cz;zhky;

gl;bdpahff; fz;zPH ngUf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,uhkgpuhd; me;jr;

NrhiyapypUe;J fhy; eilahfNt ele;J nrd;w nra;jpawpe;J>

jhDk; ele;Nj nry;yyhapdhd;. ,g;gb ele;Nj fq;iff; fiuiar;

nrd;wile;jdH.

10.31. gujdpd; gilia re;Njfpj;j Ffd; fly;Nghd;w gujdpd; gil gupthuq;fs; midj;Jk;

fq;ifapd; tlfiuia mile;jJ> Mw;wpd; kWfiuapypUe;J

ftdpj;j Ntl;Lt murd; Ffd;> ,uhkgpuhd; kPJ NghH nra;J

mopg;gjw;fhf ,e;jg; gil tUfpwJ NghYk; vd NfhgKw;whd;.

clNd jdJ ,ilapy; njhq;fpa CJnfhk;ig vLj;J Cjp> NghH

te;Jtpl;lJ vd;W Njhs;g+upf;f thia kbj;J cjLfisf; fbj;J

fz;fs; jP ckpo Gwg;gl;lhd;. ,Njh tUk; gil xU vypf;$l;lk;.

ehd; ehfk; Nghd;wtd; vd;whd;. jd; gilfs; midj;ijAk; xd;W

185


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

jpul;b fq;ifapd; njd;fiu te;J mile;jhd;. mq;F jd; gil

tPuHfis Nehf;fp “tPuHfNs! ek; md;gpw;Fupa ,uhkgpuhd; gjpdhd;F

Mz;Lfs; fopj;Jj; jpUk;gpte;J muR nfhs;s ,lkpd;wp> ,g;NghNj

mtiuj; njhiyj;JtpLk; #o;r;rpNahL me;jf; fiuapy; ,e;jg; gil

te;jpUf;fpwJ. mJ NkNy nry;yhjthW ehk; jLj;J mtHfis

,q;NfNa mopj;JtplNtz;Lk;" vd;whd;.“Nkftz;z ,uhkgpuhd; vd;

capH ehafd;. mtid ehL Ms tplhjgb tQ;ridahy; muirf;

ifg;gw;wpa kd;dHfs; tUfpwhHfs;. vd;Dila jP ff;Fk; mk;Gfs;

mtHfs; kPJ ghahjh vd;d? mg;gb ,tHfs; vd;dplkpUe;J jg;gpg;

Ngha;tpl;lhy; kf;fs; vd;id “eha;f;Ffd;" vd;W Vrkhl;lhHfsh?"

“Mokhd ,e;j fq;ifahw;iwf; fle;J ,tHfs; Ngha;tpLthHfNsh?

ngupa ahidg; giliaf; fz;L mQ;rp toptpLgtdh ehd;?

vd;idg; ghHj;J mtH “eP vdf;Fj; Njhod;" vd;W nrhd;dhNu.

mJtd;Nwh ehd; ngw;w NgW. ,tHfis capH gpioj;Jg; Nghf

ehd; tpl;Ltpl;lhy;> mwptpyp ,e;j Ffd; ,wf;ftpy;iyNa vd;W

kf;fs; vd;id Vrkhl;lhHfsh?"

“gujd; jdf;F muR Ntz;Lnkd;w Mirahy;> jikad;

vd;Wk; fUjhJ ,uhkgpuhid mopf;fj; Jzpe;jhYk; ,yf;Ftd;

,Uf;Fk;NghJ mJ elf;Fkh? mJ fplf;fl;Lk;> ehd; xUtd;

,Ug;gij ,td; kwe;J tpl;lhd; NghYk;. md;wp vd;idg;

nghUl;gLj;jtpy;iyah? murH caHe;NjhH> NtlH jho;e;NjhH

vd;gjdhy;> NtlHtpLk; mk;Gfs; murH khHgpy; ijf;fhNjh?

mijAk; ehd; ghHj;JtpLfpNwd;. ,tid mopf;fhky; tplkhl;Nld;".

“kz;zhir gpbj;j kd;dHfs;> mt;thirahy; vj;jifa jPq;ifAk;

nra;thHfs; NghYk;. kw;wtHfs; vg;gb ,Ue;jhYk; ,uhkgpuhdpd;

jk;gpahfpa ,td; vg;gbr; nra;aj; Jzpe;jhd;? vd;dplkpUe;J

jg;gpg;gpioj;Jg; Nghdhy;jhNd! ghHf;fyhk;."

“murhsg; gpwe;j jiytd; ,uhkd; jtk; Nkw;nfhs;s> muRupik

,y;yhj ,td; jtwhd topapy; murpidg; ngWtNjh? mjw;F ehd;

,lk; nfhNld;. ,tidj; jLj;J mopj;J Gfiog; ngWNtd;. ,jpy;

vd; capH NghdhYk; vdf;Ff; ftiy ,y;iy".

“jdf;F cupa ehl;il ,uhkgpuhd; ,tDf;Ff; nfhLj;Jtpl;l gpd;Gk;

,e;j gujd; ehk; MSfpd;w ,e;j fhl;ilAk; nfhLf;f kdkpd;wp

gilnaLj;J te;Jtpl;lhd; ghuPH! vd;d nfhLikapJ! Mifahy;

MLfpd;w nfhbfNshL $ba ,e;jg; gilapid mopj;J> mjd;gpd;

186

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,uhkgpuhid ehl;il MSk;gb kPl;Lf; nfhLj;J> cyNfhH nrhy;Yk;

Gfio ePq;fnsy;yhk; milaNtz;Lk;".

Ffd; ,g;gbnay;yhk; NgrpdhNd jtpu cs;s+u mtDf;F xU gak;.

,uhkgpuhDf;Fj; jd; jk;gpia ehk; mopj;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;W Nfhgk;

te;jhy; vd;d nra;tJ vd;w ftiy te;JtpLfpwJ mtDf;F.

mg;NghJ Ffid Kd;Ng mwpe;jtdhd Rke;jpud; kWfiuapy;

jd;dUfpy; epd;wpUe;j gujdplk; Ffidg; gw;wp $Wfpwhd;. “gujh!

mNjh ghH. me;jf; fiuapy; jd; gilfSld; te;J ifapy;

tpy;Yld; epw;fpwhNd> mtd;jhd; Ffd;. ,e;j fq;ifapd; ,U

fiufspYk; cs;s epyg;gFjpf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhud;. cq;fs;

Fyehjdhk; ,uhkDf;F capHj; Jiztd;. fzf;fw;w glFfSf;Fr;

nrhe;jf;fhud;@ kfhtPud;. tPuj;jpy; Mz; ahidiag; Nghd;wtd;@.

tpy;Nye;jpa tPuHfisAila gilia cilatd; neQ;rk;

KOtJk; md;ig cilatd;. cd;Dila tuit vjpHghHj;J

mNjh me;jf; fiuapy; mtd; jd; gilfSld; epw;fpwhd; ghH!"

Rke;jpud; Ffidg; gw;wp ~cq;fs; Fyj; jdp ehjw;F capHj;

Jiztd;> fiufhzh fhjyhd;| vd;W nrhd;dit gujDf;F

clNd mtidf; fhzNtz;Lnkd;w Mtiyj; J}z;baJ. clNd

jd; jk;gpiaAk;> cld; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L vOe;J nrd;W fq;iff;

fiuia mile;jhd;. gujd; mg;gb te;J epw;Fk; fhl;rpia

kWfiuapy; epd;w FfDk; fhz;fpwhd;. gujd; mzpe;jpUe;j kuTupf;

Nfhyj;ijg; ghHf;fpwhd;.

10.32. gujdpd; Nfhyk; fz;ljpu;e;j Ffd; nghyptpoe;J thbapUf;Fk; mtd; gupjhg epiy fz;L

FfDf;F gfPH vd;wJ. ,uhkd; kPJ gilnaLj;J tUfpwhd;

vd;wy;yNth epidj;Njd;. Mdhy; ,tNdh ,g;gb tUfpwhNd! ,Njh

,e;j gujd; vd; ehafd; ,uhkidg; NghyNt ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mUfpy;

epw;Fk; mtd; jk;gp> ,yf;Ftidg; NghyNt ,Uf;fpwhd;. jt Ntlk;

Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. kdj;jpy; mstw;w Jd;gj;ijj; jhq;fpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. ,uhkgpuhd; nrd;w jpir Nehf;fpj; njhOJ

nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. mllh! vk;ngUkhd; ,uhkDf;Fj; jk;gpauhfg;

gpwe;jtHfs; jtW nra;gtHfshfth ,Ug;ghHfs;? epr;rak;

khl;lhHfs;". ,td; kdjpy; VNjhnthU ,Lf;fz; Jd;GWj;JfpwJ.

,uhkd; kPJ Mwhj fhjy; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. ,uhkd; Nkw;nfhz;l

mNj jtf; Nfhyj;ijNa ,tDk; Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. ,td;

187


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

csf; fUj;ij mwpe;J tUfpNwd;" vd;W nrhy;yp> jhd; kl;Lk; xU

glfpy; Vwp fq;ifiaf; fle;J tlfiuiar; nrd;wilfpwhd;.

“te;njjpNu njhOjhid tzq;fpdhd;> kyH ,Ue;j

me;jzDk; jiy tzq;Fk; mtDk; mtdb tPo;e;jhd;

je;ijapDk; fsp$uj; jOtpdhd; jfTilNahH

rpe;ijapYk; nrd;dpapYk; tPw;wpUf;Fk; rPHj;jpahd;".

gliftpl;L ,wq;fp te;J njhOj Ffid gpuk;k NjtDk;

jiy tzq;Fk; jFjpAila gujd; tzq;fpdhd;. me;j FfDk;

gujd; mbfspy; tpOe;J tzq;fpdhd;. jd; mbfspy; tpOe;J

tzq;fpa Ffid gujd; J}f;fp epWj;jpj; je;ijapDk; fsp$uj;

jOtpdhd;. mg;gb tPo;e;j Ffidj; je;ijapDk; fsp$u gujd;

jOtpdhd;> me;j gujd; jfTilNahH rpe;ijapYk; nrd;dpapYk;

tPw;wpUf;Fk; rPHj;jpahd;. ,e;j ghlYf;F ,UtpjkhfTk; nghUs;$wp

tUfpd;wdH. ahH ahH mbapy; tpOe;J tzq;fpdhH vd;gjpy;

Fog;gj;ijj; njuptpf;fpd;wdH. Ffd; gujdplk; “eP te;j fhupak;

vd;d?" vd;W Nfl;fpwhd;.“mNahj;jp muRf;F cupikAs;stUf;F

muirf; nfhLf;fhky; Kiwjtwptpl;ldH> me;j KiwNfl;il ePf;fp

mNahj;jpf;F cupikAs;s murid mioj;Jg; Nghtjw;fhf

te;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwhd; gujd;. ,ijf; Nfl;l Ffd; kfpo;r;rp

nghq;f kPz;LnkhUKiw> gujd; fhypy; tPo;e;jdd;. iffisf;

$g;gpf;nfhz;L Ffd; nrhy;Yfpwhd;.

“jha; ciu nfhz;L jhij cjtpa juzpjd;idj;

jPtpid vd;d ePj;Jr; rpe;jid Kfj;Jj; Njf;fp

Nghapid vd;wNghJ GfopNdha; jd;ik fz;lhy;

Mapuk; ,uhkH epd;Nfo; MtNuh njupapdk;kh".

“gujh! uh[;aj;ij eP tpUk;gTkpy;iy@ Nfl;fTkpy;iy. jha; Nfl;L>

je;ij nfhLj;j uh[;aj;ij Ntz;lhk;> ,J jtW vd;W nrhy;yp

kWj;Jtpl;L> Kfj;jpy; ftiy glu ,uhkidj; Njb fhdfk;

te;jpUf;fpwha; vd;gijf; fhZk;NghJ> gujh! Mapuk; ,uhkH

cdf;F ,izahthNuh?"

“gujh! cd;id vd;d nrhy;ypg; GfONtd;. ehNdh fw;wwpah Ntld;.

#upaDila gpufhrkhd xsp vg;gb re;jpud;> el;rj;jpuq;fs;

,tw;wpd; xspianay;yhk; ,Uf;Fkplk; njupahky; nra;J

gpufhrpg;gJ Nghy> ePAk; cd; utpf;Fyj;njhd;wy; midtupd;

GfioAk; cd; GfOf;nfjpNu xd;Wkpy;yhky; nra;J tpl;lha;".

188

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,uhkgpuhdpd; Fz tpNr\q;fisf; fz;Ljhd; Ffd; ,uhkdplk;

cs;sj;ijg; gwpnfhLj;jhd;. mJ NghyNt gujdpd; Fz

eyd;fisf; fz;L ,td; kPJk; gf;jp nfhz;lhd;. ,q;Nf ,uhkgpuhd;

vt;tplj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;jhH vd;W Ffdplk; Nfl;lhd; gujd;. FfDk;

me;j ,lj;ijf; fhl;Lfpwhd;. ,U ghiwfspd; ,ilapy; Gw;fs;

gug;gpa ,lj;ijf; fz;lhd;. Jbj;Jj; jiuapy; tPo;e;jhd;. fz;zPH

tpl;Lf; fjwp mOjhd;.

vd;dhy; md;Nwh mz;zh cdf;F ,g;gbg;gl;lj; Jd;gq;fs;

NeHe;jd. Gy;ypy; gLj;jha;> fpoq;ifAk;> fdpfisAk; cz;lha;. eP

gl;l Jd;gq;fis mwpe;j gpd;dUk;> ehd; capH Jwf;fhky;

tho;fpNwNd.

,uhkgpuhd; gpuhl;bNahL Japd;wjhy; ,yf;Ftd; mq;F ,Ue;jpUf;f

KbahJ. vdpDk; ,tHfisf; fhf;Fk; gzpiaj; jiyNky;

nfhz;bUe;jjhy; cwq;fpapUf;fTk; khl;lhd;. vdNt Ffid

Nehf;fpf; Nfl;fpwhd; “FfNd! ,yf;Ftd; vq;Nf jq;fp ,uTg;

nghOijf; fopj;jhd;?" ,e;jf; Nfs;tpia gujd; Nfl;fTk; Ffd;

fz;fspy; fz;zPH ngUf;nfLj;jJ.

“my;iy Mz;L mike;j Nkdp mofDk; mtSk; JQ;r

tpy;iy Cd;wpa ifnahLk; nta;J capHg;NghLk; tPud;

fy;iy Mz;L caHe;j Njhsha;> fz;fs; ePH Nrhuf; fq;Fy;

vy;iy fhz;gsTk; epd;whd;> ,ikg;gpyd; eadk; vd;whd;".

“gujh! mz;zYk; gpuhl;bAk; J}q;Fk;NghJ> tpy; Cd;wpa ifadha;>

ngU%r;RlDk;> fz;fspy; ePH Nrhu tpba tpbaf; fz;tpopj;Jf;

fhty; fhj;jhd; ,yf;Ftd;" vd;whd; Ffd;.

10.33. gujd; Ffdplk; cjtp Ntz;Ljy; md;wpuT ,uhkd; gLj;jpUe;j ,lj;jpy; gujd; gLj;jpUe;J

kWehl;fhiy fq;if Mw;iwf; fle;J nry;Yk; tpUg;gj;ijf;

Ffdplk; nrhy;y> mt;tz;zNk mtDk; ehtha;fisf; nfhz;L

te;J NrHf;fpwhd;. gujDk; mtDld; te;jtHfSk; glFfspy; Vwp

fq;if Mw;iwf; fle;J njd; fiuia milfpd;wdH. mq;Nf

gujDld; mtdJ jha;khHfs; Nfhriy> ifNfap> Rkpj;jpiu

MfpNahH epw;fpd;wdH. mtHfspy; Nfhriyiag; ghHj;J Ffd;>

,tHfs; ahH? vd;fpwhd;.“,tHjhd; jruj rf;futHj;jpapd; Kjy;

Njtp. %d;W cyfq;fisAk; gilj;j gpuk;kidg; ngw;nwLj;j

jpUkhyhfpa ,uhkgpuhidj; jd; tapw;wpy; Rke;jtH> ehd;

gpwe;jikahy; me;j kfid fhl;Lf;F mDg;gptpl;L ngUe;Jd;gj;ij

189


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mile;jtH> ,tH jhd; Nfhriy" vd;whd;.clNd Ffd;

Nfhriyapd; fhy;fspy; tPo;e;jhd;> mOjhd;. ,tdJ md;Gfz;L

nefpo;e;j Nfhriy gujdplk; “,td; ahH?" vd;whs;.mjw;F gujd;

“,e;j epd;w Fuprpy; (tPud;) ,uhftdpd; ,d;DapH Njhod;.

,yf;FtDf;Fk;> rj;Uf;FdDf;Fk; vdf;Fk; %j;j mz;zd;. ngaH

Ffd;" vd;whd;. clNd Nfhriy “vd; mUikf; FkhuHfNs! ,dp

Jd;gj;jhy; tUe;jhjPHfs;. ,uhk ,yf;FtH fhl;Lf;Fg; NghdJk;

ey;yjhapw;W. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; cq;fSf;F ,g;gbnahU rNfhjud;

fpilj;jpUg;ghdh? ,dp ePq;fs; ItPUk; xUtH Nghy gpupahky;

uh[;aj;ij neLehs; Msf;fltPuhf!" vd;whs;. mLj;jjhf

Rkpj;jpiuiaf; fhl;b> ,tH ,yf;FtidAk;> rj;Uf;FdidAk;

ngw;nwLj;j Njtpnad mwpKfg; gLj;Jfpwhd;. mLj;jjhf

ifNfiaf; fhl;b> Ffd; “,tH ahH?" vdf; Nfl;f> gujd;

nrhy;Yfpwhd;.

“glH vyhk; tsHj;jhisg; goptsHf;Fk;

nrtpypiaj; jd; gho;j;j ghtpf;

FlupNy neLq;fhyk; fple;Njw;Fk;

capHg;ghuk; Fiwe;J Nja

clnuyhk; capH ,oe;jntdj;

Njhd;Wk; cyfj;Nj xUj;jp md;Nw

,lupyh Kfj;jhis czHe;jpiyNah>

,e;epd;whs; vd;id <d;whs;".

cyfj;jpy; Ntnwq;Fk; fhzKbahj nfhLik kpf;f ghtp ,ts;.

,ts; ngw;W tsHj;jJ Jd;gq;fisAk;> gopfisANk! ,ts;

tapw;wpy; fple;jjhy; ,tisg;Nghy; fy; neQ;R vdf;F ,y;iy.

,t;tsT NgUk; Jd;gf; flypy; Jtz;L fplf;ifapy;> ,ts; xUj;jp

kl;Lk; JaH ,y;yhjts; vd;gJ Kfj;jpNyNa njupANk! vdNt

,ts; ahH vd;W cdf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;fyhk;. ,ts;jhd; vd;idg;

ngw;wts;" vd;whd; gujd;.

gujdpd; jha; vd;W njupe;jJk; Ffd; mtisAk;

tzq;fpdhd;. glFfs; fiu mile;jgpd; jhaH rptpifapy; Vwpr;

nry;y> gujDk; FfDk; ele;J nry;fpd;wdH. me;jg; gFjpapy;

tho;e;j guj;th[ Kdpt;uJ ngUikia mwpe;J mtiuf; fhz>

mtH Mrpukk; nrd;wile;jdH. KdptUk; gujdpd; tUifawpe;J

vjpHnfhz;lioj;Jr; nrd;whH. KdptH guj;th[iuj; jd;

190

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




je;ijNghy epidj;J tzq;Ffpwhd; gujd;. KdptH md;NghL Mrp

$WfpwhH. KdptH gujid Nehf;fp “IaNd! mNahj;jpapd; mur

Kb#b MSk; cupik fpilj;j gpd;Dk;> eP KdptHfSf;Fupa

kuTup cLj;J> fhdfk; te;j fhuzk; vd;dNth?" vd;whH. eP Kb#b

murhs;tNj Kiw> mijtpLj;J Vd; fhdfk; te;jha; vd;W KdptH

Nfl;ljhy;> gujDf;F kdjpy; rpdk; cz;lhfpaJ. “mwpthHe;j

ngupNaha;! jhq;fs; nrhy;tJ epahaky;y. Ntjehafdhk;

,uhkDf;F cupikAs;s uh[;aj;ij> ehd; vg;gb nfhs;s KbAk;.

mg;gb mtH uh[;ak; Vw;f kWg;ghuhfpy; ehDk; gjpdhd;fhz;Lfs;

mtUlNd ciwNtd;" vd;whd;.

gujd; $wpa ,k;nkhop Nfl;L guj;th[ KdptUk; mtUld;

,Ue;j KdptHfSk; kdk; kpf kfpo;nta;jpdH. clNd mtH gujd;

KjyhdtHfisj; jd; Mrpukj;Jf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W>

tpUe;jpdHfSf;Fj; Njitahd czT tiffs;> cgrupg;G

Kjyhdtw;wpw;fhfj; NjtHfis Ntz;b mf;dpapy; N`hkk; nra;aj;

njhlq;fpdhH. NjtNyhf khe;jH te;J gujDf;Fk; mtDld; te;j

gupthuq;fSf;Fk; rpwg;ghd tpUe;jpidg; gilj;jdH. ahid> Fjpiu

,tw;Wld; gil tPuHfs;> mikr;rHfs;> gpujhdpfs; MfpNahUk;

jhq;fs; ele;J te;j fisg;G jPu guj;Jth[ KdptH mspj;j

tpUe;ijAz;L kfpo;e;jpUe;jdH. MapDk; gujd;> vt;tsT

tw;GWj;jpAk; caHe;j czT tiffis tpyf;fptpl;L

jtrpaHf;Fupa fha;> fpoq;Ffis kl;LNk cz;lhd;. ,uT Neuk;

te;jJ. gilfs; ed;F cwq;fp vOe;jdH. fjputd; cjpj;jhd;.

midtUk; Ke;ija ehs; tpUe;jpd; kfpo;T kwe;J gioa epiy

mile;jdH. gujDk; NridfSk; mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;L xU

ghiytdj;ij mile;jdH. me;jg; ghiy epyj;ijAk; kUj epyk;

Nghyf; fUjp mjidf; fle;J rpj;jpu$lk; nrd;wile;jdH.

10.34. gujd; rpj;jpu$lk; miljy; ngUk; Nridapd; tuthy; Vw;gl;l NgnuhypAk;> GOjpg;

glyKk; J}uj;Nj ghHj;Jtpl;l ,yf;Ftd; Ntfkha; vOe;jhd;. xU

Fd;wpd; kPJ Vwpdhd;. mq;fpUe;J miyfly; Nghy tUk; gujd;

Nridaf; fz;lhd;. mtDf;F Nfhgk; tUfpwJ. je;ij nrhy;

Nfl;L fhdfk; te;j ,uhkidf; nfhy;yNt> gujd; gilnahL

tUfpwhd; vd Mj;jpug;gl;Lf; fhyhy; kiyapd; Kfl;il Xq;fp

cijf;fpwhd;. mJ J}s;J}shfpwJ. mq;fpUe;J jiuf;Fj; jhtpf;

Fjpj;J ,uhkdplk; Xbr; nrd;W $Wfpwhd;. “mz;zh! gujd;

191


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

cd;id kjpf;fhky; ngUk; gilAld; cd;idj; jhf;f tUfpwhd;"

vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl ,Lg;gpy; cilthisf; fl;bf;

nfhs;fpwhd;. fhypy; tPuf;foiy mzpe;J nfhs;fpwhd;. mk;Gwhj;

J}zpiaj; Njhspy; vLj;J khl;bf; nfhs;fpwhd;. ftrj;ij mzpe;J

nfhz;L jd; tuptpy;iyf; ifapy; Ve;jpagb> ,uhkdpd;

jpUtbfisj; njhl;L tzq;fp vOe;J $Wfpwhd;. “mz;zh! ,k;ik>

kWik> ,uz;ilAk; ,oe;Jtpl;l ,e;jg; gujd; Njhs;typiaAk;>

mtd; gil typiaAk;> ePNa vy;yhk; vd;W cd; gpd;Nd te;Js;s

vd; Njhs;typiaAk; guhf;fpukj;ijAk; ,g;NghJ ghH!" vd;whd;.

gujDila Nridiaj; jhd; vg;gbg; nghbg;nghbahf;FNtd;

vd;gijAk;> mtd; gilfs; jd; fizfshy; glg;NghFk; ghl;ilAk;

vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhd;. vy;yhtw;iwAk; nghWikahfg; Gd;difNahL

Nfl;Lf;nfhz;l ,uhkd; nrhy;Yfpwhd;. ."jk;gp! ,yf;Fth! eP

epidj;jhy; <NuO gjpdhd;F cyfj;ijAk; fyf;Ftha; vd;gJ

vdf;Fj; njupAk;. cd;id mg;gbr; nra;ahky; jLg;gJk;> Kbahj

fhupak;jhd;@ vd;whYk;$l jk;gp! cdf;F ehd; xd;iwr; nrhy;y

tpUk;GfpNwd;. nghWikahff; Nfl;ghah" vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

10.35. ,yf;Ftdpd; rpdk; jzpj;j ,uhkd; “typa NjhSila yf;\;kzh! ek; Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa

kd;dHfSs; FyjHkj;ijf; iftpl;ltHfs; vtUkpy;iy. yf;\;kzh!

eP vd; kPJ msT fle;j md;ig itj;Jtpl;lha;. me;j md;gpd;

kpFjpahy; eP gujdJ ,ay;ig mwpahky; NgRfpwha;. mtd;

nray;fs; midj;Jk; Ntj newpfspypUe;J gpwohjit. ,jid

ePNa gpd;G czHe;J nfhs;tha;".

“gujDk; cd;idg; NghyNt vd;kPJ md;G nfhz;ltd;.

muRupikia Vw;f mtd; tpUk;gpapUf;f khl;lhd;. mjdhy; vd;id

mioj;J tUk;gb je;ij nrhy;ypapUf;fyhk;> jd; ,ay;ghd

md;gpdhYk;> vd;id mioj;Jg; NghfTNk mtd; tUfpwhd;

vd;gijj; jtpu NtWtpjkhf vz;ZtJ mwpTlik my;y" vd;whd;

,uhkd;. “mJkl;Lky;y> gujd; vd;NdhL NghH Gupthd; vd;W

epidg;gNj$l mwpTilik MfhJ yf;\;kzh! jHk Njtij

Nghd;w gujid> ey;y Fzj;jpw;nfy;yhk; ciuahzp

Nghd;wtDkhd gujid> eP ,t;thW vz;Zjy; jFkh? mtd; ,q;F

tUtJ vd;idf; fhZk;nghUl;Nl. ,ij ePNa gpd;dH epr;rak;

fhzg;Nghfpwha;". ,t;thW ,uhkd; jd; jk;gpaplk; $Wfpwhd;.

,g;gbf; $wptpl;L ,yf;FtNdhLk; jd; jk;gp gujid vjpHNehf;fp

192

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,uhkd; epd;wNghJ> gujDk; jd; jk;gp rj;Uf;Fdd; gpd;tu ,uhkd;

Kd; te;J NrHe;jhd;.

“njhOJ caH ifapdd;@ Jtz;l Nkdpad;

mOJ mop fz;zpdd;@ mtyk; <J vd

vOjpa gbtk; xj;J va;Jthd; jid

KOJ czH rpe;ijahd; Kba Nehf;fpdhd;".

jiykPJ Ftpj;j fuq;fs;@ thba Nkdp@ mOJ mOJ ePH

NrhUk; fz;fs;@ Jauj;jpd; KO tbtk; Nghy te;J jd; vjpNu

epw;Fk; gujid> midj;ijAk; czHe;j ,uhkd; $He;J

Nehf;fpdhd;. gpwF NgRfpwhd;: “gujh! mNahj;jpapy; je;ij ed;F

eykhf cs;shuh?". “IaNd! cd; gpupthYk;> vd;idg; ngw;wtspd;

tuk; vDk; vkdhYk;> rj;jpaj;ij ,e;j g+kpapy; epiyepWj;jptpl;L>

mg;gh thDyfk; Ngha;tpl;lhH" vd;fpwhd; gujd;. kd;dd; jrujd;

RtHf;fk; mile;jhd; vd;w nra;jp Nfl;L> Gz;zpy; Nty; gha;e;jJ

Nghy; czHe;J> fz;fs; Nrhu> kdKk; Roy> ,uhkd; jiuapy;

tPo;e;jhd;. rpwpJ Neuk; czHT ,y;yhky; fple;jhd;. gpwF epidT

jpUk;gpg; Gyk;gpdhd;> mOjhd;> kdk; tUe;jp ngU%r;nrwpe;jhd;.

je;ijapd; ew;Fzq;fisnay;yhk; nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp mOjhd;.

mUfpypUe;j midtUk; ,uhkidj; Njw;Wfpd;wdH. mg;NghJ

FyFUthd trp\;lH> “,uhkh! eP cd; je;ijf;fhf tUe;Jtij

tpl;L> mtUf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba ePj;jhH fld;fisr; nra;?"

mtutH nra;j tpidg; gad;fSf;F Vw;g cyfpy; gpwe;J ,d;g

Jd;gq;fis EfUk; capHfs;> me;EfHr;rpf;Fupa fhyk; Kbe;jTld;

mt;TapHfis vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; akd; ey;y capH nfl;l capH

vd;W ghHg;gjpy;iy. gpwe;j Foe;ijfNs$l khz;LtpLfpw

fhl;rpiaf; fhZfpd;w ehk; mWgjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; rpwg;Gw

Mz;l rf;futHj;jpapd; ,og;gpd; nghUl;L tUe;JtJ rupapy;iy".

“,uhkh! ftiyia xop. je;ijf;Fupa fld;fis nra;JKb.

mJNt cdJ Kjw; flik" vd;whH trp\;lH. ,uhkd; fyf;fk;

ePq;fpdhd;. ePuhl ejpj;Jiwf;Fr; nrd;whd;. ePuhbtpl;L trp\;lH

topfhl;l ePj;jhH fld;fis ed;F nra;J Kbj;jhd;. gpwF gujd;

Kjypa gupthuq;fs; Gil#o gHzrhiy nrd;wile;jhd;.

ngUQ;rpwg;GfSld; muz;kidapy; thoNtz;ba ,uhkd;> ,q;Nf

vspa Fbypy; tho;tJ fz;Lk;> gupthuq;fs; NjhopaHfs; Gil#o

,Uj;jw;Fupa gpuhl;b jdpasha; ,Ug;gJ Fwpj;Jk; gujd; kPz;Lk;

193


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tUj;jkile;jhd;. rPijapd; fhy;fspy; tpOe;J Gyk;Gfpwhd;.

kd;ddpd; ,wg;Gr; nra;jpawpe;J rPijAk; tUe;jp fz;zPH rpe;jp

mOfpwhs;.

10.36. jha;khHfs; ,uhkidr; re;jpj;jy; jha; Nfhriy> ifNfap> Rkj;jpiu MfpNahiu mioj;Jf;

nfhz;L Rke;jpud; tUfpwhd;. ,uhkd; jha;khiu tzq;Ffpwhd;.

,uhkidf; fz;lJk; midtUk; kdk; nehe;J tUe;Jfpd;wdH.

jha;khHfs; rPijiaj; jOtpf;nfhz;L tUe;J fpd;wdH. md;iwa

nghOJ rha;e;jJ. #upaDk; jrujDf;F gpj;Uf;fld; nra;Jtpl;L

%o;FtJ Nghy flYs; %o;fpdhd;. kWehl;fhiy> midtUk;

$bapUe;j mitapy; ,uhkgpuhd;> gujd; te;j fhupaj;ij

tpdtpdhd;. Kb#lhky; ,q;F Vd; te;jha; vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

,g;gbf; Nfl;l ,uhkid gujd; neLNeuk; gjpy; $whky; ntwpj;Jg;

ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. “ngupNahHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sKbahj

tuq;fshy; cd;id jtepiy Vw;fr; nra;jtSk;> rf;utHj;jpapd;

capiug; Nghf;fbj;jtSkhd ghtp ifNfapapd; tapw;wpy;

gpwe;Jtpl;l vdf;F vd;d jtk; Ntz;bf; fplf;fpwJ?. jtk; vdf;Fg;

nghUe;jhJ. capH tpLjNy vdf;Fj; jFk;. Mdhy; mg;gbr;

nra;ahky; ,Uf;fpNwNd! eP Kb#lhky; jt Ntlq;nfhz;L ,q;Nf

Vd; te;jha; vd;W Nfl;fpwhNa! mg;gb ehd; muR Nkw;nfhs;tJ

kuGf;F cfe;jNjh?".“fw;G newp jtwpa kfspupd; FzKk;> nghWik

ePq;fpa jt xOf;fKk;> mUs;newp jtwpa jHkKk;> kuGtop jtwpa

murhl;rpAk; Kd;NdWkh?" “muRf;F cupikAs;s eP> mjid ePj;J

jtk; Nkw;nfhz;lJk; jtW. %j;jtd; eP ,Uf;f> eP Kiwapd;wp

muir iftpl;Lf; fhl;Lf;F tuTk;> mjdhy; cd; gpuptpdhy; je;ij

,wf;fTk;> me;jj; jUzk; ghHj;J ehd; muirf; iff;nfhz;L

Ms;Ntdhdhy;> NrhHe;j Neuj;jpy; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;

giftDf;Fk; vdf;Fk; vd;d NtWghL ,Uf;f KbAk;?" “je;ij

cd;idf; fhl;Lf;F mDg;gp> jhDk; ,we;J Ngha; kf;fisAk;

Jd;gj;jpy; Mo;j;jptpl;lhd;@ vdNt je;ijNa jPik nra;jtH

MfpwhH".

gujd; NgRtijf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;l gpwF ,uhkd;

nrhy;fpwhd;> “ntw;wp tPuNd! gujh! ed;ndwpfSk;> rj;jpaKk;>

epahaq;fSk;> Nkd;ikAk;> jHkk; KjyhditfSk;> Ntj

rh];jpuq;fisf; iftplhj murHfSila fl;lisahNy cyfj;jpy;

epiyj;J ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,it Nghd;w ed;ndwpfSf;Ff; fhuzk;>

194

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ngw;NwhHfNs vd;gij eP czHthahf!". “jha; tuk; Nfl;lhs;.

je;ij nfhLj;jhd;. me;j gpJHthf;a gupghydk; nra;a ehDk;

fhdfk; te;Njd;. mg;gb ehd; Nkw;nfhz;l jHkj;jpypUe;J

khwptplNtz;Lnkd;gJ cd; tpUg;gkh? ngw;NwhH ,l;l fl;lisia

epiwNtw;WtNj gps;isfspd; flik. ehd; mtH nrhy;iy

kPwpapUe;jhy; nghy;yhj ghtj;Jf;F my;yth MshNtd;". “ifNfap

ngw;w tuj;jpdhYk;> je;ij nfhLj;j tuj;jpdhYk; ehL MSk;

cupik cd;DilaNj. mjid kWf;fhky; uh[;aj;ij eP

MsNtz;Lk;" vd;fpwhd; ,uhkd;. “mz;zh! cd; $w;Wg;gbNa>

uh[;ak; vd;DilaJ vd;why;> ,g;NghJ ehd; mij cq;fSf;F

cte;J mspf;fpNwd;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;!. ehL murd; ,y;yhky;

jtpf;fpwJ. eP te;J Kb#l;bf;nfhz;L ehl;ilf; fhg;gJ cd;

flik". “gujh! mg;gb ehd; ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhy;> ehd;

xg;Gf;nfhz;l tdthr fhykhd gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs; Kbe;J

tpl;ljhf MfptpLkh? tha;ik fhj;jypDk; rpwe;jJ Ntwpy;iy

vd;gJ cdf;Fj; njupahjh? gujh! ek; je;ijahH vd;id

gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs; fhl;by; thOk;gb fl;lisapl;lhH. me;jf;

fhyk;tiu ehl;il MSk;gb cdf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhH. me;j

Ml;rpiaj; je;ij Mizg;gb eP MSjNy KiwahFk;. mjid

ePahf Ntz;lhtpl;lhYk; ,g;NghJ ehd; cdf;Ff; fl;lisapLfpNwd;.

muir Vw;Wf; nfhs;!". vd;whd; ,uhkd;. trp\;l KdptH gw;gy

jHkq;fis vLj;Jiuj;J ,uhkidNa ehl;il MSk;gb Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;fpwhH. ,ijf; Nfl;l ,uhkDf;F Nfhgk; cz;lhfpwJ.

“NeHikahd nraiyr; nra;Ntd; vd;W ehd; cWjp Nkw;nfhz;lgpd;

mjid kPWjy; vtHf;Fk; MfhJ. vdNt> nfhz;l

nfhs;ifapdpd;Wk; ehd; eOTjy; elf;fhJ" vd;whd; ,uhkd;.

mg;gbahdhy; jhDk; fhl;bNyNa jq;fptpLtjhf gujd;

$Wfpwhd;. jhq;fs; jtk; Gupe;J Ntz;ba fhupak; eilngwhky;

Ngha;tpLNkh vd;W mQ;rp NjtHfs; thdj;jpy; $bdhHfs;. NjtHfs;

,uhkdplk;> jhd; nfhz;l gpujpf;iQg;gb fhl;by; ,Ug;gJk;> gujd;

ehl;il MStJk;jhd; Kiw vd;fpwhHfs;. “ghH! NjtHfNs

nrhy;yptpl;lhHfs;> gujh! ePjhd; ehl;il MsNtz;Lk;" vd;whd;

,uhkd;. mg;NghJ gujd; xU gpujpf;iQ nra;fpwhd;. “mg;gbahdhy;

mz;zh! gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs; Kbe;j mLj;j fzk; eP te;J uh[;a

ghuj;ij Vw;fNtz;Lk;. mg;gb ,y;iynad;why; ehd; jPg;GFe;J

195


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhs;Ntd;" vd;fpwhd; gujd;. ,uhkgpuhd; ,jw;F

xg;Gf; nfhs;fpwhd;. “mz;zh! cdJ ghJiffs; ,uz;ilAk; eP

vdf;Fj; ju Ntz;Lnkd" gujd; Nfl;Lg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhd;.

ghJiffisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gujd; mtw;iwj; jd; jiyapNy

itj;Jf; nfhz;L jiuapy; tPo;e;J ,uhkid tzq;Ffpwhd;. gpd;dH

gujd; kw;Wk; gupthuq;fs; Gil#o jpUk;gg; gazg;gl;L mNahj;jp

efUf;Fs; nry;yhky;> ee;jpf;fpuhkk; vDk; ,lj;ij mile;jhd;.

mq;Nf ,uhkdpd; ghJiffis rpk;khrdj;jpy; itj;Jj; jd;

Ik;nghwpfis mlf;fp ePH NrhUk; fz;fNshL jtk; Gupe;J

tho;e;jhd;. ,uhkd; KjypNahH gazg;gl;L NkYk; njd; jpir

Nehf;fpr; nry;yyhapdH.

10.37. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; ,uhkDf;F Kb#l;L tpoh Vw;ghL njhlq;fp mJ elthky;

Nghf ,uhkd; fhL nry;tJk; Ffd; el;G fpilg;gJk; Ffd;

cjtpNahL uhkd; fq;ifiaf; fle;J fhl;Lf;Fr; nry;tJk;

uhkidf; fhz te;j gujd; kPz;Lk; ehL jpUk;gp ehl;il

Ms;tJkhd nra;jpfis ehk; fz;Nlhk;.

10.38. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. ifNfap Vd; kdk; khwpdhs;?

2. $dpapd; nrhy;yhw;wuiyg; Gyg;gLj;Jf .

3. ifNfap ,uhkd; re;jpg;gpidf; fhl;Lf

4. ,uhkdpd; gpupitf; fz;L kf;fs; mile;j Jauk; ahJ?

4. ,uhkd; Ffd; re;jpg;gpid tptupf;f.

5. gujd; ifNfapia vt;thW gopj;jhd.;?

10.39. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. fk;guhkhazk; - njhFjp 2 – mNahj;jpah fhz;;lk;>

G+tz;zd; ciu> tu;j;jkhdd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 17

196

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




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11.1 jpUj;njhz;lH Guhzk;

fp.gp. 11> 12-Mk; E}w;whz;by; Nrhoehl;il Ml;rp nra;j

kd;dd; ,uz;lhk; FNyhj;Jq;fr; Nrhodhthd; (megha Nrhod;).

mk;kd;ddpd; mitapy; Kjy; mikr;ruhfg; gzp Gupe;jtH

Nrf;fpohH. Nrho kd;ddpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f>

rptdbahHfspd; caHe;j tho;f;ifiaf; fijg; gpd;dyhff; nfhz;L

ngupa Guhzj;ijg;ghbdhH Nrf;fpohH. Re;juH ghba jpUj;njhz;lj;

njhifia Kjy; E}yhfTk;> ek;gpahz;lhH ek;gp ghba

jpUj;njhz;lH jpUte;jhjpiatopE}yhfTk; nfhz;L ngupa

Guhzj;ijr; rhHG E}yhfg; gilj;jhH Nrf;fpohH. mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j

Nrf;fpohH gy CHfSf;Fk; nrd;W jpul;ba jfty;fisf; nfhz;Lk;

ngupaGuhzk; vOjg;ngw;Ws;sJ.nraw;F mupa nra;tH ngupaH

vd;Dk; Fws; tupf;Nfw;g mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khHfs; Gupe;j

,iwg; gf;jpiaAk;> njhz;L newpiaAk; tuyhw;W Kiwapy; $Wk;

E}Ny ngupa Guhzk;(ngupaH Guhzk;) MFk;. ,e;E}y; gy;NtW ehL>

CH> rhjp> njhopy; nfhz;l ehad;khHfSila tho;f;ifia

tptupf;fpwJ. mf;fhyr; rKjha tuyhw;iwAk; vspa> ,dpa

eilapy; vLj;J nrhy;fpwJ. jpy;iy mk;gyj;Nj MLk; rptngUkhd;

cynfyhk; vd;W mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLf;fr; Nrf;fpohH> gf;jp tsKk;>

,iwaUl; jpwKk; FiwtpyhJ rpwf;FkhW ,yf;fpag;

ngUq;fsQ;rpakhfg;> ngupa Guhzj;ij ,aw;wp mUspdhH.

cynfyhk; vd;W mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLf;fr; Nrf;fpohH cynfyhk;

czHe;J Xjw;F mupatd; vd ngupaGuhzj;jpidj; njhlq;fpajhf

ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpy; kf;fspd; tho;f;if gw;wp

tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;fpy; mwptjw;F ,e;E}y; cjTfpwJ

11.2. fhg;gpag; gFg;G ngupa Guhzk; vd;Dk; ngUq;fhg;gpak; jkpofr; #oiyAk;> 63

mbahH ngUkf;fisAk; ikakhff; nfhz;L jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,e;E}y;

ngUk; gpupthf ,uz;L fhz;lq;fisAk;> cl;gpupthf 13

rUf;fq;fisAk; cilaJ. 4286 tpUj;jg; ghf;fisAila xU ngU

E}yhFk;. ngupaGuhzk; Kjy; fhz;lk;> ,uz;lhk; fhz;lnkd ,U

fhz;lkhfTk;> Kjy; fhz;lj;jpy; Ie;J rUf;fq;fisAk; ,uz;lhk;

fhz;lj;jpy; vl;L rUf;fq;fisAk; cilajhf

197


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

mikf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ. Re;ju%Hj;jp Rthkpfspd; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s

ghly;fspd; Kjy; tupNa rUf;fq;fspd; ngaHfshf cs;sJ.

fhg;gpa fijahdJ fapyhaj;jpy; njhlq;fg;ngw;W> irt

mbahHfspd; tho;f;ifia tptupj;J> ,Wjpahf fapyhaj;jpy;

KbfpwJ.

Kjw; fhz;lj;jpy;>

1. jpUkiyr; rUf;fk;>

2. jpy;iy tho; me;jzH rUf;fk;>

3. ,iy kype;j rUf;fk;>

4. Kk;ikahy; cyfhz;l rUf;fk;>

5. jpUepd;w rUf;fk; vd;w Ie;J rUf;fq;fSk;>

,uz;lhk; fhz;lj;jpy;

1. tk;gwh tuptz;Lr; rUf;fk;>

2. thHnfhz;l tdKiyahs; rUf;fk;>

3. ngha;abikapy;yhj GytH rUf;fk;>

4. fiwf;fz;ld; rUf;fk;>

5. fly;#o;e;j rUf;fk;>

6. gj;juha;g; gzpthH rUf;fk;>

7. kd;dpa rPHr; rUf;fk;>

8. nts;shidr; rUf;fk;

vd;Dk; vl;L rUf;fq;fSk; mike;Js;sd.

11.3. fhg;gpa mikg;G Re;juupd; rpwg;G> mbahHfspd; rpwg;G> rptngUkhdpd;

mUl;jpwk;> FU (Mrpupad;)> ,ypq;fk; (,iwtd; jpUNkdp)> rq;fkk;

(mbahH) Mfpa Kiwfspy; rptid topgl;l epiyfs;> njhz;bd;

jpwk;> rhjp> kj> ,d NtWghby;yhky; mbahH Nehf;fpy; fz;L

topgl;L Kj;jp ngw;w jd;ikfs;> rptd; mbahHfis Ml;nfhz;l

tpjk; Kjyhd gy nra;jpfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,e;E}y;

tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mbahHfspd; tuyhWk;. mtHfs; filg;gpbj;j

njhz;L newpAk;> ,iwtd; mtHfis Ml;nfhz;l tpjKk; ,e;E}y;

KOJk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gLtjhy; Nrf;fpohH> jpUj;njhz;lH khf;fij

vd;W ngaupl;lhH. nraw;fupa nray; Gupe;j mbahHfspd;

(ngupahHfspd;) rpwg;gpid ciug;gjhy; ,jidr; rhd;NwhHfs;

ngupaH Guhzk; vd;W $w> fhyg; Nghf;fpy; ngupa Guhzk; vd;W

toq;fg;gl;lJ.

198

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




11.4. fhg;gpa Nehf;fk; rptid Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp topgLk; rkakhfpa irtj;ijAk;>

mbahHfsJ tuyhW> njhz;L epiwe;j tho;T> Kj;jp ngw;w epiy

Mfpatw;iwAk; tpupthfTk; njspthfTk; Gyg;gLj;JtNj ngupa

Guhzj;jpd; Nehf;fk; MFk;.

11.5. fhg;gpar; rpwg;G mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khHfspd; Gfo; kpf;f tuyhw;wpid

cyfwpa> gf;jpr; RitNahL tpupthf vOjpa ngUikf;F cupatH

Nrf;fpohH MthH. mtH Nrho ehl;L mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jikahy;

ehl;bd; gy gFjpfSf;Fk;> ehad;khHfs; tho;e;j CHfSf;Fk;

Neupy; nrd;W> mt;tplj;jpy; nrtptop kughf toq;Fk; tuyhw;Wr;

nra;jpfisAk; njhFj;J ,e;E}iy mikj;jhH vd;gH. gpw nkhopf;

fijfisj; jOthky;> jkpo; kf;fisAk;> jkpofr; #oiyAk;

ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;l rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy Mfpa

fhg;gpaq;fisg; NghyNt ngupaGuhzk; vd;Dk; E}y; rpwg;Gw;Wj;

jpfo;fpd;wJ. Mz; ngz; NtWghbd;wpg; gy ,dq;fisAk;> njhopy;

gpupTfisAk; rhHe;j rptdbahHfisg; gw;wpa E}yhf

mike;Js;sjhy; ,e;E}iyj; Njrpa ,yf;fpak; vd;W rhd;NwhHfs;

ghuhl;LtH.

11.6. E}yhrpupaH- Nrf;fpohH nrd;idf;F mUfpYs;s Fd;wj;J}H vd;Dk; Cupy; NtshsH

kugpy; gpwe;jtH mUz;nkhopj; NjtH. ,g;ngaNu mtUf;Fg;

ngw;NwhH ,l;L toq;fpajhFk;. Nrf;fpohH vd;gJ ,tuJ

Fbg;ngauhFk;. ,tH fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpajhy;>

,uz;lhk; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; mitapy; Kjyikr;ruhfg;

gzpGupe;jhH. mk;kd;ddpd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W> mbahHfspd;

ngUikia tuyhwhf vOjpdhH. ,e;E}ypd; ngUikia czHe;j

kd;dd;> mtiug; gl;lj;J ahidapd; kPNjw;wp efHtyk;

nra;Jcj;jk Nrhog; gy;ytuhad; vd;Dk; gl;lk; je;J rpwg;gpj;jhd;.

,tUila fhyk; fp.gp. 12 -Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpahFk;.

rptj; njhz;lHfspd; tuyhw;iwr; rpwg;gpj;j fhuzj;jhy;

,tUf;Fj; njhz;lHrPH guTthH vd;Dk; rpwg;Gg; ngaUk; cz;L.

fy;ntl;Lfs; ,tiu khNjtbfs; vd;Wk;> ,uhkNjtH vd;Wk;

rpwg;gpf;fpd;wd. kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;is> gf;jpr;Rit

edp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghba ftp tyt vd;W ,tiug;

ghuhl;Lfpd;whH.

199


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

11.7. g+ryhH ehadhu; Guhzk; - RUf;fk; njhz;il ehl;by; jpUepd;wt+upNy kiwatH Fyj;jpNy

Njhd;wpatH g+ryhH vd;Dk; ngUe;jifahH. ,tH rptdbahuhfpa

md;gHf;F Vw;wgzp nra;jNy gpwtpg;gad; vdf; nfhz;L nghUs;Njb

mbahHf;F mspj;J te;jhH. rptngUkhDf;Fj; jpUf;Nfhapy;

mikj;Jg; gzpnra;a tpUk;gpa ,tH jk;kplj;Jg; nghUs;

,y;yhikahy; mjw;Fupa nghUis tUe;jpj; NjbAk; ngw

,ayhjtuhapdH. ,e;epiyapy; kdj;jpNy rptngUkhDf;Fj;

jpUf;Nfhapy; mikf;f vz;zpdhH. kdj;jpd;fz; rpwpJrpwpjhfg;

ngUk;nghUs; NrHj;jhH. jpUg;gzpf;F Ntz;ba fy; kuk;Kjypa

rhjdq;fisAk; gzpnra;jw;Fupa jr;rH Kjypa gzpahsHfisAk;

kdj;jpy; Njbf;nfhz;lhH. ey;y ehs; ghHj;Jj; jpUf;Nfhapw;

gzpiaj; jk; kdj;Js;Ns njhlq;fp ,uTk; Japyhky; mbg;gil

Kjy; cghdk; Kjypa tupirfis mikj;J cupa msTg;gb

tpkhdKk; rpfuKk; mikj;J mjd;Nky; J}gpAk; el;ldH.

RijNtiy Kbj;J mf;NfhapypDs;Ns fpzW jpUf;Fsk;> kjpy;

Kjyhd vy;yhk; tFj;jikj;J ,t;thW jk;kdj;jpy; cUthfpa

jpUf;NfhapYs;Ns rptngUkhid vOe;jUsr; nra;tjw;Nfw;w

ey;yehSk; NtisAk; epr;rapj;jhH. ,tuJjpUg;gzp ,t;thW

epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy;> fhltHNfhdhfpa Nte;jHngUkhd;

fhQ;rp efuj;jpNy ,iwtDf;Fj; jpUf;fw;wsp mikj;Jj; jd; ngupa

nghUs; KOtijAk; mj;jpUf;Nfhapw; g+ridf;nfd;W tFj;Jj; jhd;

mikj;j fw;wspapNy rptngUkhid vOe;jUStpg;gjw;Fg; g+ryhH

mfj;jpy; tFj;j me;j ehisNa Fwpj;jhH. g+ryhuJ md;gpd;

jpwj;ij cyfj;jhHf;F mwptpf;fj; jpUTsq; nfhz;l rptngUkhd;>

me;ehspd; Kjy; es;sputpy; fhltH Nfhkhd; Kd; fdtpy;

vOe;jUsp epd;wt+Hg;g+ry; md;gd; nebJehs; epide;J nra;j

ed;ik kpf;f Myaj;Js; ehis ehk; GFNthk;@ eP ,q;F

nra;aj;Jzpe;j jhgdj;jpid ehisa jpdj;jpy; itj;Jf;

nfhs;shJ gpd;dH kw;nwhU ehspy; nra;thahf| vd;W gzpj;jUsp

kiwe;jUspdhH. gy;ytHNfhd;> JapYzHe;njOe;J ,iwtH

csKtf;Fk; tz;zk; ngupajpUf;Nfhapiy mikj;j

ngUe;jifahiur; nrd;W fhztpUk;gpj; jpUepd;wt+iu mile;jhd;.

mq;F mUfize;jtHfis Nehf;fp> ~g+ryhH mikj;j Nfhapy;

vq;Nf cs;sJ?| vd;W Nfl;lhH. mJNfl;l epd;wt+H kf;fs;> ~g+ryhH

,t;t+upw; Nfhapy; vJTk; fl;ltpy;iy| vd;wdH. kd;dd; mt;t+H

200

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




kiwatHfis mioj;J ~g+ryhH ahH| vdf;Nfl;lwpe;J> Mrpy;

Ntjpauhfpa mtH ,Uf;Fkplj;jpw;Fj; jhNd nrd;W mtiu tzq;fp>

~NjtuPH mikj;j jpUf;Nfhapy; ahJ? mf;Nfhapypy; rptngUkhid

vOe;jUsr; nra;Ak; ehs; ,e;j ehs; vd;W ,iwtH njuptpj;jUsj;

njupe;J ck;ikf;fz;L gzpjw;F te;Njd;| vd;whH. g+ryhH> murd;

ciuNfl;L kUz;L> ~,iwtH vd;idAk; nghUshf

mUs;nra;jhuhapd; mf;Nfhapypd; ngUik vj;jifaJ? vd;W

jkf;Fs;NsNa rpe;jpj;Jj; jhk; kdj;jhy; Kad;W nra;j

jpUf;Nfhapypd; mikg;gpid kd;dDf;F tpsq;f vLj;Jiuj;jhH.

murd; mjprapj;Jg; g+ryhiu epyKw;wj; jho;e;J tzq;fpj; jdJ

efUf;Fr; nrd;whd;. g+ryhH ehadhH jhk; fl;ba kdf;NfhapypNy

Fwpj;j ew;nghOjpy; rptngUkhidj; jhgpj;Jg; g+ridfs; vy;yhk;

ngUQ;rpwg;Gld; gyehl;fs; Ngzpr; nra;jpUe;J rptngUkhd; jpUtb

ePoiyaile;jhH.

11.8. jpUepd;wt+upd; rpwg;G md;wpdhH Guk; vupj;jhHf;F Myak; vLf;f vz;zp

xd;Wk; mq;F cjthJ Mf czHtpdhy; vLf;Fk; jd;ik

ed;W vd kdj;jpdhNy ey;y Mak; jhd; nra;j

epd;w CHg; g+ryhHjk; epidtpid ciuf;fy; cw;whH

cyfpdpy; xOf;fk; vd;Wk; caH ngUk; njhz;il ehl;L

eykpF rpwg;gpd; kpf;f ehd; kiw tpsq;Fk; %J}H

Fy Kjy; rPyk; vd;Wk; FiwT,yh kiwNahH nfhs;if

epytpa nry;tk; ky;fp epfo; jpUepd;w Cuhk;

giftHfshd mRuH %tiu> mtHjk; Nfhl;ilfSld;

vjpu;j;J mopj;j rptngUkhDf;Fj; jpUf;Nfhapy; vLf;f vz;zpahUk;

mr;nraYf;F cjthky; NghfNt> ,dpNky;> cs;sj;Js;NsNa

jpUf;Nfhapy; mikf;f vz;zp> vz;zpathW ey;yjpUf;Nfhapiy>

kdf;Nfhapyhf vLg;gpj;j g+ryhH ehadhH tuyhw;iw ciuf;fj;

njhlq;fpNdd.; ,t;Tyfpy; ey;nyhOf;fk; vf;fhyj;Jk; caHe;J

tpsq;Fk; ngUikAila njhz;il ehl;by;> eyk; kpf;f

rpwg;Gfisf; nfhz;L ehd;kiwfSk; tpsq;Ftjw;F ,lkhd gioa

CH> Fyj;jpw;F Kjd;ikahd xOf;fj;ij ve;ehSk; nfhz;L

xOFfpd;w Fiwtw;w kiwatHfs; jk; nfhs;ifapy; epiy epd;w

tpsq;Fjyhfpa nry;tk; nghUe;jpa jpUepd;wt+uhFk;.

201


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

11.9. g+ryhH Nehf;fk; mUkiw kuG tho mg;gjp te;J rpe;ij

jUk; czHthd vy;yhk; jk;gpuhd; foy;Nky; rhu

tUnewp khwh md;G tsHe;J vo tsHe;J tha;ikg;

nghUs; ngW NtjePjpf; fiy czH nghyptpd; kpf;fhH

mLg;gJ rptd;ghy; md;gHf;fhk; gzp nra;jy; vd;Nw

nfhLg;gJ vt;tifAk; Njb mtH nfhsf; nfhLj;Jk; fq;if

kLg;nghjp Ntzp IaH kfpo;e;J ciwtjw;F XH Nfhapy;

vLg;gJ kdj;Jf; nfhz;lhH ,U epjp ,d;ik vz;zhH

mupa kiwtoptUk; kuG tho mg;gjpapy; Njhd;wpr;

rpj;jj;jpy; tUk; czHTfs; vy;yhk; rptngUkhd; jpUtbapy;

NrUkhW mikAk; newpapdpd;Wk; gpwohJ md;G tsHe;Njhq;fj;

jhKk; tsHe;J nka;g; nghUis miljw;F VJthd kiwf;

fiyfis czUk; tpsf;fj;jpd; kpf;fhH. rptngUkhDf;Fk;

mtUila md;gHfSf;Fk; MFk; gzpfisr; nra;jNy jf;fJ

vd;W Jzpe;J mbatHfSf;Ff; nfhLg;gjw;nfd vt;tifahYk;

nghUisj;Njb mtHfs; nfhs;Sk;gb je;J jpUf; Nfhapy;

mikg;gjw;Fg; ngUe;jpushd nry;tk; jk;kplk; ,y;yhikia

vz;zhjtuha;f; fq;if jq;fpa riliaAila ,iwtH kfpo;e;J

vOe;jUspapUg;gjw;F vd xU Nfhapiyf; fl;Lk; nraiyAk; jk;

cs;sj;jpy; nfhz;lhH.

11.10. jpUf;Nfhapy; mikf;f Kw;gLjy; kdj;jpdhy; fUjp vq;Fk; khepjp tUe;jpj; Njb

vidj;Jk; XH nghUl;NgW ,d;wp vd; nra;Nfd; vd;W iethH

epidg;gpdhy; vLf;f NeHe;J epfo;TW epjpak; vy;yhk;

jpidj;Jiz Kjyhj; Njbr; rpe;ijahy; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhH

rhjdj; NjhL jr;rH jk;ikAk; kdj;jhy; Njb

ehjDf;F Myak; nra; eyk; ngW ey; ehs; nfhz;Nl

Mjupj;J Mfkj;jhy; mbepiy ghupj;J md;ghy;

fhjypy; fq;Fy; NghJk; fz;glhJ vLf;fy; cw;whH

jpUf;Nfhapy; mikj;jw;nfd Ntz;Lk; nghUisj;Njbg;

ngWk; ,lq;fis cs;sj;jhy; epidj;J vq;Fk; mg;ngUQ;

nry;tj;ij tUe;jpj; NjbAk;> xU rpwpJk; mjidg; ngWk; NgW

202

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




fpl;lhjtuha;> ,dp vd; nra;Ntd; vd;W tUe;jp> epidthy; Nfhapy;

vLf;f vz;zpj;Jzpe;J> mr;nray; epfo;tjw;Fupa

nry;tq;fisnay;yhk; jpidasT fplg;gpDk; mjidAk; rpwpJ

rpwpjhf cs;sj;jhy; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. jpUf;Nfhapiyf;

fl;Ltjw;Fupa rhjdq;fSld; jr;rHfisAk; kdj;jhy; Njbf;

nfhz;L> ,iwtw;Ff; Nfhapy;> vLg;gpg;gjw;Fupa eyk; kpf;f ey;y

ehisAk; nghOijAk; Fwpf;nfhz;L> tpUk;gp Mfk newpapd;gb

mbepiy vLj;J> md;gpd; epiwtpdhy; mij kpFe;J ,utpYk;

gfypYk; cwq;fhJ Nfhapy; vLf;fyhdhH.

11.11. cs;sj;jpy; cau;e;j Nfhapy; mbKjy; cghdk; Mjp Mfpa gilfs; vy;yhk;

tbTWk; njhopy;fs; Kw;w kdj;jpdhy; tFj;J khd

KbTW rpfuk; jhDk; Kd;dpa Koj;jpy; nfhz;L

nebJ ehs; $lf; Nfhapy; epuk;gpl epidthy; nra;jhH

J}gpAk; el;L kpf;f RijAk; ey;tpidAk; nra;J

$tYk; mikj;J khL Nfhapy; #o; kjpYk; Nghf;fp

thtpAk; njhl;L kw;Wk; Ntz;Lt tFj;J kd;Dk;

jhguk; rptDf;F Vw;f tpjpj;j ehs; rhU ehspy;

jpUf;Nfhapypd; mbepiy Kjy;> jpUf; NfhGuj;jpd; mbg;gFjp

tiuapyhd mLf;Ffs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; XtpaNtiyg;ghLfs;

nghUe;j kdj;jhy; mikj;J> tpkhdj;jpd; Kbtpy; mikAk;

rpfuKk;> Mfkj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l KO mstpy; nfhz;L ePz;l

ehs;fs; nry;y> Nfhapy; epiwTgl midj;ijAk; epidthy;

nra;jhH. J}gpiaAk; nghUj;jp epwk; nghUe;jpa fyit g+rp Nky;

rpw;gq;fSf;Fupa xg;gid tiffisAk; nra;J jpUKOf;fpw;nfd;

J}aePH mike;j fpzWk; mikj;Jk;> gf;fj;jpYk; Nfhapy; Rw;wpYk;

kjpy;fis vLj;Jf; Fsk; mikj;J> NkYk; Ntz;Ltdtw;iwAk;

tif glr;nra;J > epiyngw;w ,ypq;fj;jpUNkdpapy; rptngUkhs;

vOe;jUOkhW cWjpg;gLj;jpa ehs; neUq;fpaJ.

11.12. murd; mikj;j Myak; fhltH Nfhkhd; fr;rpf; fy;jsp vLj;J Kw;w

khnlyhk; rptDf;F Mfg; ngUk; nry;tk; tFj;jy; nra;thd;

ehlkhy; mwpahjhiuj; jhgpf;Fk; me;ehs; Kd;dhs;

203


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

VlyH nfhd;iw Nta;e;jhH ,utpilf; fdtpy; va;jp

gy;yt kd;ddha ,uhrrpk;kd; fhQ;rp khefuj;jpy; fw;Nfhapy;

vLg;gpj;J> KOikahf mjd; gf;fq;fspy; vy;yhk; rptDf;fhfg;

ngUQ; nry;tq;fis epakpg;gtd;> jpUkhYk; Njlw;;F mupatuhd

,iwtiuj; jpUf;Nfhapypy; vOe;jUS tpj;jw;nfd epakpj;j

me;ehSf;F Kd;ida ehspy; ,jo;fs; tpupfpd;w nfhd;iw

kyHfisr; #ba ,iwtd; mtdJ fdtpy; Njhd;wpdhu;.

11.13. fdtpy; te;j flTs; epd;w CHg; g+ry; md;gd; nebJehs; epide;J nra;j

ed;W ePL Myaj;J ehis ehk; GFNthk; eP ,q;F

xd;wpa nraiy ehis xope;J gpd; nfhs;tha; vd;W

nfhd;iw thHrilahH njhz;lHNfhapy; nfhz;lUsg;

Nghe;jhH

njhz;liu tpsf;fj; J}Nahd; mUs; nraj; Japiy ePq;fpj;

jpz;jpwy; kd;dd; me;jj; jpUg;gzp nra;jhH jk;ik

fz;L ehd; tzq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vOk; fhjNyhLk;

jz; jiyr; #oy; #o;e;j epd;w CH te;J rhHe;jhd;

jpUepd;wt+upy; cs;s g+ry; vd;w md;gd; ePz;l ehl;fshf

epidtstpy; nra;j ed;ikahy; ePLk; Nfhapypy;> ehis ehk;

GFNthk; vdNt ,q;Ff; fdtpy; nghUe;jpa nra;ifia ehis

itj;Js;sikia khw;wpf; nfhs;f vd;W $wpf; nfhd;iw #ba

ePz;l rilAila ,iwtH g+ryhupd; Nfhapypd;

vOe;jUStpj;jpUf;Fk; jpUNkdpiaf; nfhz;lUs vOe;jUspdhH.

njhz;luhd g+ryhiu ,e;epyTyfj;jtH mwpAk; nghUl;Lj; J}a

rptngUkhd; ,q;qdk; $wpaUs> cwf;fj;ij tpl;L vOe;j>

jpz;zpa Mw;wiyAila mk; kd;dd; mj;jifa jpUg;gzp

nra;jtiuf;fz;L ehd; tzq;fNtz;Lk;! vd;W Nkd;NkYk; vOfpd;w

ngU tpUg;gj;NjhLk; Nrhiyfs; #o;e;j jpUepd;wt+iu mile;jhd;.

11.14. mbatiuj; Njb te;j murd; mg;gjp mize;J g+ry; md;gH ,q;F mikj;j Nfhapy;

vg;GilaJ vd;W mq;fz; va;jpdhH jk;ikf; Nfl;fr;

nrg;gpa g+ry; Nfhapy; nra;jJ xd;W ,y;iy vd;whH

nka;g;ngU kiwNahH vy;yhk;tUf vd;W ciuj;jhd; Nte;jd;

g+RuH vy;yhk; te;J Gutyd; jd;idf; fhz

khrpyhg; GryhH jhk; ahH vd kiwNahH vy;yhk;

204

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




Mrpy; Ntjpad; ,t;t+uhd; vd;W mtH miof;f Xl;lhd;

<rdhH md;gH jk;ghy; va;jpdhd; nta;a Ntyhd;

njhz;liur; nrd;W fz;l kd;dtd; njhOJ ePH ,q;F

vz; jpir NahUk; Vj;j vLj;j Myak; jhd; ahJ ,q;F

mz;lHehafiuj; jhgpj;JmUSk; ehs; ,d;W vd;W ck;ikf;

fz;lb gzpa te;Njd; fz; Ejy; mUs; ngw;W vd;whd;

kd;dtd; ciug;gf; Nfl;l md;gH jhk; kUz;L Nehf;fp

vd;idNahH nghUshf; nfhz;Nl vk;gpuhd; mUs; nra;jhNuy;

Kd;tU epjp ,yhik kdj;jpdhy; Kad;w Nfhapy;

,d;djhk; vd;W rpe;jpj;J vLj;jh thW vLj;Jr; nrhd;dhH

kd;dd; > mj;jpUepd;wt+iu mile;J g+ryhH vd;w mbatH>

fl;ba Nfhapy; vk;kUq;fpy; cs;sJ vd;W mq;F ,Ue;jtHfisf;

Nfl;f ePq;fs; $WkhW g+ryhH Nfhapy; VJk; fl;baJ ,y;iy vd;W

ciuj;jdH. mJ Nfl;lmurd; > nka;AzHT jiyg;gl;l me;jzHfs;

vy;yhk; xUq;F tUf! vd;W Mizapl;lhd;. mt;thizapd;

tz;zk; mg;gjpapYs;s me;jzHfs; vy;yhk; te;J gy;yt

kd;didf; fhzf; Fw;wk; ,y;yhj g+ryhH vd;gtH ahH? ' vd;W

kd;dd; tpdt> mk; kiwatH vy;yhk; mtH Fw;wkw;w me;jzH!

,t;t+updH vd;W $wpdH. mt;thW $wpa mtHfisg; g+ryhiu

mioj;J tUkhW mDg;ghJ ,iwtupd; md;guhd mg;g+ryhuplj;jpy;

nfhba NtiyAila kd;dd; jhNd nrd;W mile;jhd;.

mj;njhz;liur; nrd;W fz;l kd;dd;> mtiu tzq;fpj;

jhq;fs; ,t;tplj;Jj; NjtH ngUkhdhd rptngUkhidj; jq;fs;

Nfhapypy; vOe;jUStpf;Fk; ehs; ,d;W vdj; njupe;J> fz;Zjy;

ngUkhdpd; jpUtUshy;> cq;fisf; fz;L> jpUtbfis

tzq;Ftjw;F te;Njd; vdf;$wpdhd;.

,q;qdk; gy;yt kd;dd; nrhy;yf;Nfl;lg+ryhH ehadhH>

tpag;gile;J mtiug;ghHj;J vd;idAk; xU nghUshff; nfhz;L

ngUkhdhH ,t;thW mUspr; nra;jhuhapd;> Kd;djhf Ntz;Lk; epjp

fpilahikahy;> cs;sj;jpdhy; Kad;W epidtstpy; nra;j

Nfhapy; ,JthFk; vd;W jk; rpe;jidapd; nrayhfr; nra;j

Nfhapiyj; jhk; tpsq;f vLj;Jr; nrhd;dhH.

11.15. mbatiug; gzpe;j murd; murDk; mjidf; Nfl;L mq;F mjprak; va;jp vd;Nd

GiuaW rpe;ij md;gH ngUik vd;W mtiug; Nghw;wp

205


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tpiu nrwp khiy jho epykpir tPo;e;J jho;e;J

Kunrwp jhid NahL kPz;L jd; %J}Hg; Gf;fhd;

murDk; mt;tbahH $wpaijf;Nfl;L kpf;f tpag;gile;J

'Fw;wkpy;yhj md;gupd; ngUik ,Ue;jthW vd;Nd ! vd;W mtiug;

Nghw;wp tzq;fp eWkzk; kpf;f khiy fpNo gbAkhW epyj;jpy;

tpOe;J tzq;fp > KuRfs; xypf;Fk; gilfSld; jpUk;gpj; jd;

gioa Ciu mile;jhd;.

11.16. kdf;Nfhapyp;;y; kq;fs tpoh md;gUk; mikj;j rpe;ij Myaj;J mudhH jk;ik

ed; ngUk; nghOJ rhuj; jhgpj;J eyj;jpNdhLk;

gpd;G g+ridfs; vy;yhk; ngUikapy; gy ehs; Ngzpg;

nghd; Gid kd;WshLk; nghd; foy; ePoy; Gf;fhH

md;guhd g+ryhUk;> jk; cs;sj;jpy; mikj;j jpUf;Nfhapypy;

rptngUkhid ehSk; XiuAk; eyk; kpfte;j mikaj;J

vOe;jUStpj;J> ed;ikkpf mjd; gpd;G nra;aNtz;ba

topghLfis vy;yhk; gy ehs;fs; tpUk;gpr; nra;J tho;e;J

nfhz;bUe;j epiyapy; nghd;dhy; Ma mk;gyj;jpy; MLk;

$j;jg;ngUkhdpd; mofpa jpUtb epoiyr;NrHe;jhH.

11.17. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; fhg;gpa ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; ngupaGuhzj;jpd; ,lj;jpid

ehk; mwpe;Njhk;. ngupaGuhzk; irtrka mbatHfspd;

tuyhw;wpidf; fhl;Lk; jd;ik gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk.; ,jpy;

ngupaGuhzj;jpd; mikg;igAk; g+ryhH ehadhH tuyhw;wpidAk;

ehk; mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;.

11.18. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. ngupaGuhzj;jpd; E}y; mikg;gpidf; fhl;Lf.

2. Nrf;fpohH Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; jUf.

3. murd; mikj;j Myaj;jpy; vOe;jUsy; g+ryhH mikj;j

Myaj;jpy; ,iwtd; Vd; vOe;jUspdhH?

11.19. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. Nrf;fpohH> jpUj;njhz;lu; Guhzk;> jUikahjPdk;>

kapyhLJiw - 609 001

206

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




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12.1. Njk;ghtzp

Njk;ghtzp vd;Dk; E}y; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; tsHg;G

je;ijahd Gdpj NahNrg;G kPJ ,aw;wg;gl;l Kjw; ngUk; nra;As;

tif E}yhFk;. ,e;E}y; ,j;jhypa ehl;ltuhd tPukhKdptH (1680 -

1742) mtHfs; jkpopy; jpwk;gl Mf;fpa E}y; vdg; Gfog;gLfpwJ.

fpwp];jt rkaj;jpd; RUf;fnkd;Nw ,e;E}iy mwpQHfs;

kjpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ,j;jkpo;f; fhg;gpak; gpwnkhop E}y; xd;wpy;

tUfpd;w nra;jpfisj; jOtp> jkpo; newpf;Nfw;g vOjg;gl;ljhFk;.

mjhtJ> ];ghdpa ehl;L MfpUj efupy; tho;e;j MfpHj kupahs;

(María de Ágreda) vd;Dk; fd;dp kiwnghUshd ,iwefuk;

(Mystical City of God) vd;Dk; E}iy> fd;dp

kupahtpd; Mizg;gb vOjpajhff; $wpAs;shH. me;j E}ypy;

,NaRtpd; tsHg;Gj; je;ijahd NahNrg;G gw;wpa nra;jpfSk;

cz;L. MfpHj kupapd; me;E}iyj; jOtp> jkpo; kuGf;Fk;> jkpo;g;

gz;ghl;Lf;Fk; Vw;g NahNrg;gpd; tuyhw;iw ,aw;wpapUf;fpwhH

tPukhKdptH.

12.1.1. Njk;ghtzpapd; nghUs;

Njk;gh +mzp vdg; gpupj;J thlhj khiy vd;Wk;> Njd;+ gh +

mzp vdg; gpupj;Jj; Njd; Nghd;w ,dpa ghly;fspd; khiy vd;Wk;

,jw;Fg; nghUs; cz;L. ,NaR ehjiu tsHj;j je;ijahfpa

#irag;giuj; jiytuhff; nfhz;L ,J ghlg;gl;lJ.

#irag;gUf;Fj; Njk;ghtzp vdg; ngaupl;L ,e;E}ypy; ghbAs;shH.

12.1.2. Njk;ghtzpapd; muq;Nfw;wk;

'Njk;ghtzp' fp.gp. 1726 Mk; Mz;by; kJiuj;

jkpo;r;rq;fj;jpy; gyj;j vjpHg;GfSf;fpilapy; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ. gy

GytHfspd; mLf;fLf;fhd Nfs;tpfSf;Fr; risf;fhky; gjpyspj;j

tPukhKdptuplk; jkpo;g; GytHfs;> "vy;yhk; njupAnkdf; $Wk;@

ng];fp mtHfNs! thdj;jpy; vj;jid el;rj;jpuk; ,Uf;fpwJ@ vdf;

$w KbAkh?" vd ieahz;bahff; Nfl;lhHfs;. gjl;lkpd;wp "Kg;gJ

%d;W Nfhb> Kg;gjp%d;W yl;lj;J> Kg;gjp%thapuj;J>

Kd;D}w;wpKg;gjp%d;W el;rj;jpuq;fs; re;NjfkpUe;jhy;

vz;zpg;ghUq;fs;" vd;wJk;> rigapy; rpupg;nghyp vOk;gpg; gyH

Kdptiug; ghuhl;bdhHfs;. "Njk;ghtzp"apd; rpwg;igg; ghuhl;b

207


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

kJiuj; jkpo;r;rq;fk;@ ng];fpg; ghjpupahUf;F uh[up\p vd;w gl;lk;

mspj;J rpwg;gpj;jJ.

12.1.3. E}ypd; mikg;G

Njk;ghtzp %d;W fhz;lq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. xt;nthd;wpYk;

12 glykhf 36 glyq;fs; cs;sd. nkhj;jk; 3>615 tpUj;jg; ghf;fs;

90 re;j tiffSld; ghlg; ngw;wJ Njk;ghtzp. Njk;ghtzp

MrpupaH> ntsp ehl;ltNu MapDk;> fhg;gpaf; fijj; jiytH #ir

tho;e;jJk; jkpo; kz;zpy; ,y;iy vdpDk;> fhg;gpak; KOf;fj;

jkpo; kzk; fko;tjhfj;> jkpo;g; gz;ghl;by; Njha;e;jjhfNt

gilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sikf;Fg; gy rhd;Wfs; $wyhk;. gpw jkpo;f;

fhg;gpaq;fisg; NghyNt> rPupa cyfk; %d;Wk; vd kq;fyr;

nrhw;fisg; nga;Nj> njhlq;FfpwhH MrpupaH. ,iwtid tzq;f

Kw;gLk; NghJ> NkdhLfspy; toq;Fk; fpwpj;jt kuGfisr; rhuhJ>

jkpo; kuigNa rhHe;J> ,iwtdJ ghjq;fisNa Kjypy;

tzq;FtijAk;> ,iwtdJ ghjq;fis kyuhff; fhz;gijAk;

,q;Ff; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,iwtDf;F thfdq;fis cupik nra;J

ghLtd jkpofr; rkaq;fs;. mj;Jld;> ,iwtDf;Fupa nfhbfshfr;

rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gJk; ,q;Fs;s rka kuG. ,jidg; gpd;gw;wp

tPukhKdptUk; jpUkfd; ,NaRit Nkf thfdj;jpy; tUgtuhfTk;>

mtuJ Kd;Ndhuhd jhtPJ muridr; rpq;ff; nfhbNahd; vd;Wk;

ghLfpwhH. NkYk; ,iwtdJ jpUNkdpf;F tz;zk; (epwk;) Fwpj;Jg;

ghLtJ> ,iwtidj; jiuapy; jiygl tzq;FtJ> if $g;gp

tzq;FtJ> kyHfs; J}tp topghL nra;tJ> gy;tif tpsf;Ffis

Myaj;jpy; Vw;WtJ> NjHj;jpUtpoh fhz;gJ Kjypa gy jkpo;r;

rka kuGfisj; jk; fhg;gpaj;jpy; tPukhKdptH ,izj;Js;sijf;

fhz;fpNwhk;. XupU ,lq;fspy; jhk; $wtUk; nra;jpfSf;F

ctikahfj; jkpo;ehl;Lg; Guhzr; nra;jpfisAk;

gad;gLj;jpAs;shH. ,t;thW jkpo; kuGf; Nfw;g> jk; fhg;gpaj;ijf;

ftpQH mikj;Js;sik GydhfpwJ.

,dp> Njk;ghtzp vdg;gLk; ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpd; rpwg;GfisAk;

gz;GfisAk; fhz;Nghk;. ,d;ndhU fpwpj;jtf; fhg;gpakhd

,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfj;ijg; NghyNt> ,j; jkpo;f; fhg;gpaKk;

gpwnkhopf; fhg;gpak; xd;iwj; jOtp> jkpo; newpf;Nfw;g

vOjg;gl;ljhFk;. ];ghdpa ehl;L MfpUj efupy; tho;e;j MfpHj

kupahs; vd;Dk; fd;dp ,iwefuk;(City of God) vd;Dk;

E}iy> md;id kupapd; Mizg;gb vOjpajhff; $wpAs;shH.

208

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




md;id kupapdhy; jkf;F ciuf;fg;gl;l #irag;gupd; tuyhw;iwNa

jhk; E}yhf vOjpAs;sjhf mtH $WfpwhH. me;E}iyj; jOtp>

jkpo; kuGf;Fk;> jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;Fk; Vw;g tPukhKdptH

Njk;ghtzpia ,aw;wpapUf;fpwhH. Nkiyehl;L E}ypd; nkhopngaHg;G

vdj; Njhd;whj tifapy;> ,f;fhg;gpaj;ij tPukhKdptH

cUthf;fpAs;shH.

12.1.4. fhg;gpaf; fUTk; fijAk;

,j;jkpo;f; fhg;gpaj;jpd; fijj; jiytuhf tpsq;FgtH

,NaRngUkhdpd; tsHg;Gj; je;ijahfpa #irNa MthH. tsd;

vd;Wk; Fwpf;fg;gLk; ,tiug; gw;wpa tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;G tptpypaj;

jpUkiwapy; Ie;Nj ,lq;fspy; rpw;rpy tupfspNyNa ,lk;

ngWfpwJ. vdpDk;> MfpHj kupahspd; %yE}iyj; jOtp>

tPukhKdptH #irapd; tuyhw;iw tpupthd fhg;gpakhf

tbj;Js;shH.

12.1.5. fijr; RUf;fk;

flTspd; jpUTs;sg;gb #irf;Fk; kupf;Fk; jpUkzk;

epfo;fpwJ. mtHfs; ,y;yw tho;tpy; ,izf;fg;gl;lhYk; JwT

newpapNyNa tho;fpd;wdH. ,iwahw;wyhy; kdpj cwtpd;wp md;id

kupaplk; gpwf;Fk; nja;tf; Fkudhk; ,NaRit mtHfs; tsHj;J

tUfpd;wdH. thdtupd; fl;lisg;gb nray;gLk; mtHfs;>

mf;fl;lisahy; murd; VNuhjd;> jpUf;Foe;ijf;Fr; nra;a ,Ue;j

Jd;gj;jpdpd;W ePq;f> vfpg;J ehL nry;fpd;wdH. me;ehl;Lf;F

thdtHfspd; JizAld; nry;Yk; ,j;jpUf;FLk;gj;jpdH gazk;

gw;wpAk;>thdtHfs; ,tHfSf;F vLj;Jiuj;j tptpypaf; fijfs;

gw;wpAk; fhg;gpak; $WfpwJ. VNuhjd; Ml;rpapd; nfhLikfs;

rpj;jpupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;turd; ,we;jgpwF> ,tHfs; jha; ehL

jpUk;Gfpd;wdH. jpUkiw gy ehLfspYk; tsUk; ghq;F

tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. jpUkfd; ,NaR Foe;ijahfNt gy

mUQ;nray;fs; GuptJk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. gpd;dH #ir Nehahy;

Jd;gk; mile;J ,we;J> Gz;zpa Md;khf;fSf;Fj; jpUkfdpd;

J}juhfr; nry;fpwhH. ,iwkfd; ,NaRTk; jpUg;ghLfis mile;J>

,we;J capH ngw;wgpd;> #irAk; kPz;Lk; capHngw;W vOfpwhH.

mtUf;F tpz;ZyfpYk; kz;ZyfpYk; jpUKb #l;lg;ngWfpwJ.

,t;thW tsdhH ngUikiaAk; tuyhw;iwAk; $wpf; fhg;gpak;

epiwtilfpwJ.

209


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

12.1.6. fhg;gpa mikg;G

Njk;ghtzpf; fhg;gpak; ghapuk; vdg;gLk; KfTiuAk;>

glyq;fs; vdg;gLk; Kg;gj;jhW rpW gpupTfSk; nfhz;L

tpsq;FfpwJ. ,e;j Kg;gj;jhW glyq;fisAk; %d;W

fhz;lq;fshfg;gpupj;J ntspapl;Ls;sdH. jkpo;f; fhg;gpaq;fspd;

mikg;Gf;Fk; kuGf;Fk; Vw;g> ghapug; gFjpapy; E}y; vOjg;gl;l

tuyhW $wg;gLfpwJ. mjpy; mitalf;fkhf ~fliyNa ef;fpf;

Fbf;f Kw;gl;l xU g+idiag; Nghy> Cikad; Nghd;w ehDk;

nrhy;Ytjw;F mupa tsdhupd; tuyhw;iw tbf;f Kw;gl;Nld;| vdf;

$WfpwhH. ctikapd; moif vz;zpg; ghUq;fs;. vj;Jizj;

jd;dlf;fk;! gpd;dH fhg;gpa kuGg;gb ehl;L tsk;> efH tsk;

Kjypad ed;F tUzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fhg;gpaj;jpYs;s Kg;gj;jhW

glyq;fspYk; fhg;gpaj; jiytdhfpa #ir> mtuJ Jiztpahfpa

kupahs;> mtHfshy; tsHf;fg;gLk; nja;tPfj; jpUf;Foe;ijahfpa

,NaR Mfpa %tuJ Nguhw;wYk; ngUikfSk; ed;F

tpupj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tptpypaj; jpUkiwapy; gioa Vw;ghLvDk;

Kw;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; gy fijfs;> thdtHfspd;

tha;nkhopahff; $wg;gLfpd;wd. mt;thNw Gjpa Vw;ghLvDk;

tptpypag; gpw;gFjpapy; ,lk; ngWk; mupa nra;jpfSk; tuyhWfSk;

fhg;gpaf; fijapd; ClhfNt vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

12.2.1 tPukhKdptH tho;f;if tuyhW

tPukhKdptH (etk;gH 8> 1680 - ngg;utup 4> 1742) ,j;jhyp

ehl;bYs;s NfRjpfpypNahd; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; gpwe;jhH. ,tupd;

,aw;ngaH - fhd;r;ld;ild; Nrhrg;G ngr;fp (Constantine

Joseph Beschi). ,tH ,NaR rigiar; NrHe;j FU MthH.

fpwpj;jt kjj;ijg; gug;Gk; Nehf;fpy;> 1709 Mk; Mz;L ,NaRrigg;

FUthdgpd;> 1710 Mk; Mz;L jkpofj;Jf;F te;jhH. ,tH jkpo;

nkhopapd; tsHr;rpf;Fk;> Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; rpwg;ghd gzpfisr;

nra;Js;shH. 23 E}y;fisj; jkpopy; vOjpaJld;> ,NaRf;

fpwpj;Jtpd; tho;f;if njhlHghd epfo;r;rpfisAk; ,NaRtpd;

tsHg;Gj; je;ijahfpa Gdpj NahNrg;gpd; tuyhw;iwAk; jkpo;g;

gz;ghl;Lf;Nfw;g “Njk;ghtzp" vd;w ngUq;fhtpakhf ,aw;wpaJ

,tupd; jkpo;g; Gyikf;Fr; rhd;whf cs;sJ. jpUf;Fws;> Njthuk;>

jpUg;Gfo;> ed;D}y;> Mj;jp#b Mfpa E}y;fis gpw nkhopfspy;

nkhop ngaHj;jtH. ,tH yp];gdpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L 1710 #dpy;

fpwpj;jt kjk; gug;G gzp nra;a Nfhth te;J NrHe;jhH. rpy

210

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ehl;fs; Nfhthtpy; jq;fpatH> jkpo;ehL nry;y cj;Njrpj;J> nfhr;rp

te;J mq;fpUe;J fhy;eilahf mk;gyf;fhL te;J jq;fp kJiuapy;

fhkehaf;fd;gl;b te;J NrHe;jhH. 1822 ,y;> Kjd; Kjyhf

,tUila rupj;jpuj;ijj; jkpopy; vOjp ntspapl;l tpj;Jthd;

Kj;Jrhkp gps;is> ,tUila eilAil ghtidfis> me;E}ypy;

fPo;tUkhW vOjpapUf;fpwhH. ,e;jj; Njrj;jpy; te;j ehs; Kjyhfg;

Gyhy; khkprq;fis eptHj;jpj;J> ,uz;L jkpo;j; jtrpg;

gps;isfisg; gupRj;j md;dghfQ; nra;ar; nrhy;ypj; jpdnkhU

nghOJ khj;jpuk; Nghrdk; gz;zpf; nfhz;bUg;ghH. jkJ

klj;jpypUf;Fk; nghOJ> Nfhgpr; re;jdk; new;wpapypl;Lf; nfhz;L>

jiyf;Fr; #upafhe;jpg gl;Lf; Fy;yhTk;> miuf;F ePHf;fhtpr;

NrhkDe; jpUney;Ntypf; fk;gpr; Nrhkd; NghHit Kf;fhLkpl;Lf;

fhypw; ghjFwLk; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;ghH. ,tH ntspapw; rhup

NghFk; NghJ g+q;fhtp mq;fpAk; eLf;fl;Lk;> nts;isg; ghifAk;>

,sq;fhtpAj;jupa Kf;fhLk;> ifapdpw; fhtp AUkhiyAk;> fhjpy;

Kj;Jf; fLf;fDk;> nfk;nghl;Lf; fLf;fDk;> tpuypw;wk;ghf;F

NkhjpuKk;> ifapw;wz;Lf; NfhYk;> fhypw; NrhLlDk; te;J>

gy;yf;F nkj;ijapd; Nkypl;bUf;Fk; Gypj;Njhyhrdj;jpd;

NknyOe;jUspapUe;J> cga ntz;rhkiu tPrTk;> ,uz;L

kapw;Nwhiff;nfhj;jpul;lTk;> jq;ff; fyrk; itj;j fhtpg;gl;Lf;

Filgpbf;fTk; NghthH. ,tupwq;Fk; ,lq;fspYk; GypNjhyhrdj;jpd;

NkYl;fhUthH.

kiw gug;G Kaw;rpf;fhf Kjypy; jkpiof; fw;Wf;nfhz;l

,tH> jkpopy; tpaj;jF Gyik ngw;W ,yf;fzk;> ,yf;fpak;>

mfuhjp gilj;J jkpOf;Fr; nrOika+l;bdhH. jkJ ngaupidj;

ijupaehjrhkp vd;W Kjypy; khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH. gpd;dH> mg;ngaH

tlnkhop vd;gjhYk;> ed;F jkpo; fw;wjhYk;> jkJ ,aw;ngaupd;

nghUisj; jOtp> nre;jkpopy; tPukhKdptH vd khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH.

ngauhYk;> gz;ghl;lhYk; jkpouhfNt tho;e;j tPukhKdptu;> jdJ

67-MtJ tajpy; kiwe;jhH.

12.2.2. jkpo;j;njhz;L

1. ,tH jkpofk; te;j gpd;> Rg;ujPgf; ftpuhauplk; jkpo;

,yf;fz> ,yf;fpak; fw;W> ,yf;fpag; NgUiufs;

elj;JksTf;Fg; Gyik ngw;whH.

2. ,yf;fpar; Rtbfisg; gy ,lq;fs; nrd;W Njb vLj;jjhy;

“Rtb NjLk; rhkpahH" vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lhH. ,tw;wpy;

211


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

fhz mupjhd gy nghf;fprq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;ljhfTk;

$wg;gLfpwJ.

3. jkpopd; rpwg;ig Nky; ehl;lhH czu jpUf;Fws;> Njthuk;>

jpUg;Gfo;> ed;D}y;> Mj;jp#b Nghd;w E}y;fis gpw

INuhg;gpa nkhopapy; ntspapl;lhH.

4. jkpo; fw;f VJthf jkpo; - yj;jPd; mfuhjpia

cUthf;fpdhH. mjpy; 1000 jkpo;r; nrhw;fSf;F yj;jPd;

tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,JNt Kjy; jkpo; mfuKjyp

MFk;. gpd;G 4400 nrhw;fisf; nfhz;l jkpo; - Nghj;Jf;fPa

mfuhjpia cUthf;fpdhH.

5. rJufuhjpia> epfz;Lf;F xU khw;whff; nfhz;L te;jhH.

6. mf;fhyj;jpy; Rtbfspy; nka;naOj;JfSf;F Gs;sp

itf;fhkNy vOJtJ tof;fk;. Gs;spf;Fg; <lhf ePz;l

NfhbUf;Fk;. NkYk; Fwpy;> neby; tpsf;f vd;W “u"

NrHj;NjOJtJ tof;fk;. “M" vd vOj “mu" vd 2

vOj;Jf;fs; tof;fpypUe;jJ. (m:mu> v:vu) ,e;j epiyia

khw;wp “M> V" vd khWjy; nra;jtH ,tH.

7. jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq;fs; ftpij tbtpy; ,Ue;J

te;jd. mtw;iw kf;fs; gbj;jwpa vspjpy; Kbatpy;iy

vd;gjid mwpe;J ciueilahf khw;wpatH ,tH.

8. njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk; vd;w E}ypy; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;>

ahg;G> mzp Mfpa Ie;J ,yf;fzq;fisj; njhFj;jhH.

nfhLe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk; vd;w E}ypy;> jkpopy; Kjy;

Kjyhfg; Ngr;Rj; jkpio tptupf;f Kide;jtH. tof;Fk;

nra;ASNk xU nkhopapd; ,yf;fzkhf mikAnkd;whYk;>

,ul;il tof;F nkhopahd jkpopy;> Ngr;Rj; jkpOf;F

,yf;fzk; mike;jpuhj fhyj;jpy; nfhLe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;

tFj;jJ rpwg;ghd Kaw;rpNa vd Ntz;Lk;.

9. jpUf;Fwspy; mwj;Jg;ghiyAk;> nghUl;ghiyAk; ,yj;jPd;

nkhopapy; ngaHj;jtH tPukhKdptH. ciueilapy; Ntj

tpsf;fk;> NtjpaH xOf;fk;> Qhdf; fz;zhb> nre;jkpo;

,yf;fzk;> gukhHj;j FUtpd; fij> thkd; fij Mfpa

E}y;fisg; gilj;jtH. jpUf;fhty; CHf; fyk;gfk;> fpj;Njup

mk;kd; mk;khid ,tuJ gpw E}y;fs;. 1728-,y; GJitapy;

,tupd; “gukhHj;j FUtpd; fij" vd;w E}y; Kjy; Kiwahf

212

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,tuhy; mr;rpl;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j eifr;Ritf;

fijfs; (Jean de la Fontaine 1621-1695) vDk;

gpud;rpauhy; vOjg;gl;lJ. INuhg;ghtpy; gpugykhf ,Ue;jij

ng];fp jkpopYk; nkhop ngaHj;jhH vd;W rpyH fUJfpd;wdH.

,J jkpopy; Kjy; Kjyhf te;j eifr;Rit ,yf;fpak;

MFk;.

10. Njk;ghtzp ,tH ,aw;wpaJ. %d;W fhz;lq;fspy; 36

glyq;fisf; nfhz;L nkhj;jkhf 3615 tpUj;jg; ghf;fshy;

MdJ ,e;jf; fhg;gpak;. ,jpYk; xU rpwg;G ,Uf;fpwJ.

gpd;dpizg;ghf ahg;G tbtq;fis mspj;jpUf;fpwhH. jkpopy;

mike;j fhg;gpaq;fspNyNa> jkpioj; jha; nkhopahff;

nfhs;shj ntspehl;ltH xUtuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ vDk;

ngUik Njk;ghtzpf;Nf cz;L. NkYk; tPukhKdptiug;

Nghy> Ntnwe;jf; fhg;gpag; GytUk; rpw;wpyf;fpak;> mfuhjp>

,yf;fzk; ciueil vdg; gpw ,yf;fpa tiffspy;

E}y;fs; gilj;jhuy;yH.

12.3. ghiyGF glyk; Foe;ij VRTld; jha; kupahs;> je;ij #irag;gu; Mfpa

%tUk; ghiytdj;ij Nehf;fpg; gazpf;fpd;wdu;. fhiyapy; #upa

cjaj;jpy; njhlq;fpa mtu;fspd; gazk; fhL Nrhiy vd;W gy

epiyfspy; mikfpd;wJ. nfhLk; ntg;gj;jpYk; ,tu;fisf; fz;l

,aw;if Gd;diff;fpwJ. mtu;fs; ahopy; vyPa Kdptdpd;

tuyhw;iwf; $Wfpd;wdu;. khiyg;nghOjpy; mtu;fs; ghiytdj;ij

milfpd;wdu;.

12.3.1. fhd; topg; gazk;

fhH vO eprp Nfhd;ik fba> tpy; xsp mk;ghy;>

NjH vO RlH ntk; NghHr; nrq; nfhb caH Njhd;w

ghH vO fsk; vq;Fk; gwitfs; KuR MHg;g>

NghH vO nghOjhfg; Gyup te;J ,tH NghdhH.

fUikahf Xq;fp epd;w ,utpd; Ml;rpia xopf;FkhW

tpy;nyhspahfpa mk;igj; jhq;fpf;nfhz;L> NjupNy vOe;J tUk;

QhapW nfhba NghUf;Fupa nrq;nfhbia caHj;jpf; nfhz;L

Njhd;w> cyfk; vd;Dk; vOr;rpnfhz;l NghHf;fsk; vq;Fk;

gwitfs; KuR nfhl;b xypf;f> NghUf;F voj;jf;f nghOjhf

tpbaw;fhiy te;J Njhd;wNt> %tUk; mq;fpUe;J vOe;J NghapdH.

thd; gapy; kjp Ve;Jk; tb tbT mbahSk;>

213


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Njd; gapy; kyH thifj; jpUkiw miwNahDk;>

Cd; gapy; cU ehjd; xsp mb njhOJ Ve;jp>

fhd; gapy; kyH g+j;j fb td newp NghdhH.

thdj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; re;jpud; jd;idj; jhq;fp epw;Fk; mofpa

tbtk; nfhz;l jpUtbfis cila kupahSk;> Njd;epiwe;j kyHf;

nfhb Ve;jpj; jpUkiw thOk; miw Nghd;w #irAk;> CNdhL

$ba kdpj cUtk; nfhz;l Foe;ij ehjdpd; xsp nghUe;jpa

mbfisj; njhOJ Ve;jp naLj;Jf; nfhz;L> kzk; nghUe;jpa

kyHfs; g+j;j rpwe;j Nrhiy topahf ele;J NghapdH.

12.3.2. Ru topg; gazk;

Japy; vd tpup g+q;fh Jk;gpfs; Foy; Mf>

Fapy; ,dk; KoT Mf> FspH nghopy;muq;F Mf>

kapy; ,dk; elk; MLk; kJ top top ePf;fp>

mapy; vd moy; tPRk; mUQ; Ru newp NghdhH.

Mo; Japypy; %o;fpaJNghy; tpupe;J fple;j g+Q;Nrhiyapy;

tz;Lfs; Foy; CJtdthfTk;> Fapy; ,dq;fs; nfhk;G

CJtdthfTk;> FspHe;j tdNk ehlf muq;fhfTk; nfhz;L> kapy;

,dq;fs; eldkhLk; Njd; tope;NjhLk; mr;Nrhiy topiaf; fle;J>

mk;GNghy; neUg;ig ms;sp tPRk; mupa ghiytdj;J

topapy;mtHfs; njhlHe;J nrd;wdH.

12.3.3. gazk; fz;L gijj;jd vy;yhk;

ez;zpa nghUs; ePq;fp ey;FuT vjpH cw;w

Gz;zpa kuNghH> cl; Gyd; maHT ,yHNghd;Nw>

kz;zpa tdk; ePq;fp> trp Fb ciw fhdk;

fz;zpa newp Nghff; fz;L> mOjd fhNt.

jk;kplk; nghUe;jpapUe;j rpwpjsthd nghUisAk; tpl;L ePf;fp>

tWikia tuNtw;Wf; nfhz;l Gz;zpa ,ay;GilNahH %tUk;>

ntspNa kl;Lkpd;wp cl;Gydhfpa czHtpYk; NrhHT ,y;yhjtH

Nghd;W> moF nra;ag;gl;lJ Nghd;w Nrhiyia ePq;fp> neUg;G

epiyahff; Fb nfhz;L jq;Fk; ghiytdj;ij Nehf;fpa topapy;

Nghff; fz;L> mr;Nrhiyapd; ,lq;fnsy;yhk; mOjd.

g+,il motz;L> nghJk;gpil mo kQ;iQ>

fh,il mo mk;g+> fb kyH jto; ahW

jhT ,il mo> 'me;Njh> jfhJ! ' vd mo ahTk;>

Nfh ,il muR Ms;NthH nfhL tdkmUF cw;whH.

214

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




g+f;fspy; mkHe;J tz;Lfs; moTk;> nghe;Jfspy; epd;W

kapy;fs; moTk;> Nrhiyapy; kyHe;j mofpa g+f;fs; moTk;>

kzKs;s kyHfs; jd; Nky; jtor; nry;Yk; MW jd;

gha;r;rypilNa ,iue;J moTk;> 'INah! ,tHfl;F ,J jfhJ!'

vd;W vy;yhNk moTkhf> thdj;jpy; murhs;Nthuhfpa mk;%tUk;

nfhba ghiytdj;jpd; mUNf nrd;W NrHe;jdH.

12.3.4. nfhba ghiytdk;

Nky; rigahf thNdhH tpUg;G voP, kUq;fpy; #o>

E}y; rigahff; fw;NwhH Ejypa Gfopd; kpf;NfhH>

Nfhy; rigahf %tH> nfhLe; JaH Fbaha; itFk;

Ngw;rig vd;Dk; fhdk; ngw;W> csk; jsuh Gf;fhH.

NkYyfj;Jf; FOtpduhfg; gj;jhapuk; thdtH ,U gf;fKk;

jk;ikr; #o;e;Jtu> E}y; czHe;NjhH mitapy; ,lk; ngwj;jf;f

fw;NwhH fUjpa GfOf;nfy;yhk; Nkk;gl;l tUk;> Ml;rpf;Fupa

Fyj;jtUkhfpa ,k;%tUk;> nfhba Jd;gq;fnsy;yhk; Fbnfhz;L

jq;Fk; Ngw;rig vd;Dk; ghiytdk; tug;ngw;W> jk; cs;sk;

jsuhky; mjDs; GFe;jdH.

fhl;ba tpuiyj; jPf;f> fz;l fz; tpopiaj; jPf;f>

"#l;ba nfhba fhdk; RLk;" vdpy;> vDk; tha; jPf;f>

<l;ba moiy vz;zpy;> vz;zpa vz;zk; jPf;f>

Nfhl;ba kdj;jpd; jPf;Fk; nfhbaJ XH Ruk; mJ md;Nwh.

,JNt mg;ghiytdnkd;W Rl;bf;fhl;ba tpuiyNa

jPa;f;fTk;> mJNfl;L Nehf;fpa fz;zpd; ghHitiaj; jPa;f;fTk;>

",g;ngaH #l;bAs;s ,g;ghiytdk; RLk;" vd;W xUtd; nrhd;dhy;>

mt;thW nrhy;Yk; thiaNa jPa;f;fTk;> mq;Nf jpuz;Ls;s

neUg;ig kdj;jhy; vz;zpdhy;> vz;zpa mt;ntz;zj;ijNa

jPa;f;fTkhf> Nfhzpa

kdk; Nghyj; jPa;f;Fk; nfhbaNjhH ghiytdk; mJ.

Gdy; gir ,oe;j fhdpy;> nghop Jsp cs;sp te;jhy;>

fdg; gir ,oe;J jhKk;> fhHj; jpus; mfd;W Ntf>

,dg; gir ,oe;j jPNahH> ,utyH jk;ikf; fz;L>

kdg; gir ,oe;j Nfhuk; khdpa Ruk; mJ md;Nwh.

ePHg;girNa ,y;yhj mg;ghiytdj;jpy;> Nkff;$l;lq;fs;

kioj; Jspia mq;Fg; nghopa epide;J te;jhy;> Nkfj;jpw;Fupa

<ug; giria ,oe;J> jhKk; ePq;fpg;Ngha; mjd; ntg;gj;jhy; NkYk;

215


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

NtFk;. ,t;thW jk;ikg; Nghd;w kdpj ,dj;jpd; kPJ md;Gg; gir

,oe;j jPNahH> jk;ik ehbtUk; ,utyiuf; fz;L> rpwpJ xl;bf;

nfhz;bUe;j kdg;giriaAk; ,oe;jnfhLikf;F epfuhd

ghiytdk; mJ.

jPa; tapW MHe;j fhYk;> nrQ;RlHf; fjpUk;> nre; jP

Nka; tapW MHe;J NtFk; tpup kzw; gug;Gk; jP Ma;>

Neha; tapW MHe;j fhdk;> nehil ey khjH tQ;rk;

fha; tapW MHe;j thAk; fz;fSk; kdKk; Nghd;Nw.

mg;ghiytdj;J neUg;igj; jd; tapw;Ws; epiwaf; nfhz;l

fhw;Wk;> nre;epwf; fjpHfis cila gfytDk;> nre;neUg;ig

Nka;e;j jd; tapW epiwe;J mjdhy; NtFk; tpupe;j kzw; gug;Gk;

neUg;ghfNt khwp> KiwNa> ngWk; tpiyg;nghUl;Lj; jk; eyj;ij

tpw;Fk; tpiykhjH jk; tQ;rj;jhy; fha;e;j cs;splj;J epiwe;J

epd;W ntspg;gLk; tha;r; nrhy;Yk; fz; ghHitAk; kd epidTk;

Nghd;wd.

12.3.5. ghiy FspHe;jJ

NghH Kfj;J mod;w tPuH Gife;J vdg; Gife;j fhdk;>

VH Kfj;J vOe;j %tH va;jpa Ntiy> jhDk;

jhH Kfj;J cte;j kd;wy; jFk; GJ kfspH Nghd;W>

ePH Kfj;J> ,tH md;G MHe;j neQ;R vd> FspHe;jJ

md;Nw.

rpde;j tPuH Nghuplj;Jg; Gife;j jd;ikaha; ntg;gj;jhy;

Gife;J epd;w mg;ghiytdk;> mofpa Kfj;NjhL mq;F

vOe;jUspa ,k;%tH jd;id te;jile;jNghJ jpUkzj;jpw;Fj;

jFjptha;e;J kzkhiyiaf; fz;L kfpo;e;j GJ kzkfspH

Nghd;W> jhDk; ePHg;girg; ngw;W> ,k; %tH jk; md;ghHe;j neQ;rk;

Nghy; FspHe;jJ.

mapd;W vOk; tpiu tha;j; jhio myH kly; gs;sp gyehs;

Japd;W vOk; ,s Ntdpy;> Jjpj;j gq;Fdpapy; nry;y>

Fapd;W vOk; Fapy;fs; fhl;l> NfhJ mw kfpo; g+q; fhtpd;>

gapd;W vOk; Gfopd; kpf;NfhH gzp Kfj;J> cte;j ghiy.

mf;FspHr;rpiaj; jhDk; gUfp vOr;rp nfhs;Sk; kzk;

nghUe;jpa jhok;g+ kliyg; gLf;ifahff; nfhz;L cwq;fp vOk;

ey;y ,sNtdpw; gUtk;> Nghw;wj;jf;f gq;Fdp khjj;jpy; ,aq;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. mJ fz;L $tpf; nfhz;L vOk; Fapy;fs; mJ

,sNtdpw; gUtnkd;W fhl;bd. mg;nghOJ> tof;fkhfg; GytH

216

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




thapdpd;W vOk; Gfionay;yhk; kpQ;rpa mk;%tHjk; Vtypd;

Kfj;Nj> Fw;wkw kfpo;e;j g+Q;NrhiyNghy> mg;ghiy epy

,lq;fnsy;yhk; kfpo;e;jd. ,sNtdpYf;F Ke;jpa fhH> $jpH>

Kd;gdp> gpd;gdpnay;yhk; ntapy; kpFjpahf ,uhikahy;>

mf;fhynky;yhk; ntapy; jhok;g+ klYf;Fs;Ns Japd;W

nfhz;bUe;jjhff; fw;gid nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. KJNtdpy; Nghyf;

nfhLikapd;wp> ,d;gk; jUtjhjypd;> ',sey;Ntdpy;' vd;whH.

mg;gUtj;jpYk;> gpe;jpa rpj;jpiu NghyhJ> Ke;jpa gq;Fdp ahtUk;

Nghw;wj;jf;fjhjypd;> 'Jjpj;j gq;Fdp' vd;whH. ,Uz;l ghtr;

nrayhy; nfhjpj;Jf; fple;j neQ;rpy; te;J nghUe;jpa nja;t

mUspd; khz;gpdhy; nrt;tpa ey;tpid GFe;j fhuzj;jhy; jPJ

ePq;fpr; rpwe;j jd;ik Nghy> mg;ght tpidia mopj;j ,k;

%tupd; mofpa Kfj;jpdpd;W nghope;j mUspdhNy ntg;gj;ijj;

jUk; nraypy; rpde;J epd;w mg;ghiytdk; kzk; nghopAk; kyH

Kfj;NjhL kfpo;e;J epd;wJ.

epiw kyH xOf;fj; jhs; fPo;> epj;jpyg; gug;gpy; J}a

eiw kyH gug;gpdhw; Nghy;> espHgl xOfp> #o

ciw kyH kztha;j; njd;wy; ciuj;j kq;fyj;jpd; tPr

kiw kyH g+z;l khHgH kfpo;T myH kdj;jpd; NghdhH.

Kj;Jf;fisg; gug;gpa ,lj;jpd;Nky; J}a kzKs;s

kyHfisg; gug;gpdhw;Nghy;> epiwthf kyHe;j xOf;fk; g+z;l

mk;%tH mbapd; fPo;> mg;ghiy epyk; FspHr;rpg; nghUe;j

mike;Jk;> Rw;wpYKs;s kyHfspd; kzj;ijj; jd;dplj;Jf;

nfhz;l njd;wy; kq;fyk; $wpa jd;ikahf tPrTkhf> Ntjj;ij

kyH khiyahf mzpe;j khHG nfhz;l mk;%tUk; kfpo;r;rpg;

nghq;Fk; kdj;NjhL ele;J NghapdH.

kpd; epwf; nfhbiar; #l;b> tpsq;fpa kzpapd; tpy; nra;

ey; epwj;J Muk; g+z;L> ehbte;J mzpapd; Njhd;Wk;

nry; epwf; Filapd; nfhd;w> nropj;j nrq;fjpupd; ntg;gj;J

,d; epwf; FspH g+ ePoy; ,aq;fpa rpwg;gpd; NghdhH.

kpd;dnyd;Dk; mofpa nfhbia NkNy #l;b> tpsq;fpa

kzpfisg; Nghd;w thd tpy;yhyhfpa ey;y epwKs;skhiyia

mzpe;J jk;ik ehbte;J mzpazpahfj; Njhd;Wk; Nkfnkd;Dk;

epwf; Filapdhy; kiwf;fg;gl;Lk; nropj;J epd;w gfytd;

ntg;gj;jpd; eLNt Njhd;wpa ,dpa mofpa FspHe;j nky;ypa

epoypy; ,aq;Fjyhfpa rpwg;NghL mtHfs; nrd;wdH. ,Uz;l ghtr;

217


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nrayhy; nfhjpj;Jf; fple;j neQ;rpy; te;J nghUe;jpa nja;t

mUspd; khz;gpdhy; nrt;tpa ey;tpid GFe;j fhuzj;jhy; jPJ

ePq;fpr; rpwe;j jd;ik Nghy> mg;ght tpidia mopj;j ,k;

%tupd; mofpa Kfj;jpdpd;W nghope;j mUspdhNy ntg;gj;ijj;

jUk; nraypy; rpde;J epd;w mg;ghiytdk; kzk; nghopAk; kyH

Kfj;jhL kfpo;e;J epd;wJ.

ghF ,sQ;Rit nga; tpy; MH gts tha;j; Jiwapy;itj;j

ehF ,sk; jusk; fhl;b eif jU kle;ij Nghy>

MF ,sk; gdpg; g+q; fhdj;J> moF mzp nra;jhy;vd;d>

thF ,sQ; RlH nra; Nkdp thdtH fhl;b epd;whH.

nty;yg; ghfpd; ,sQ; Rit nga;J itj;jJk; xsp epiwe;j

gtsk; Nghd;wJkhfpa jd; thahfpa Jiwapy; ,l;Litj;j>

rq;fplj;Jg; gpwe;j ,sKj;Jg; Nghd;w gw;fisf; fhl;bg; Gd;KWty;

nra;Ak; kq;ifNghy> mq;Fg; ghiyapdpd;W cz;lhfpa ,sk;

gdpNghy; FspHe;j g+Q;Nrhiyapy;> moFf;F moF nra;jhw;Nghy>

moF epd;W ,sq; fjpH gug;Gk; Nkdpia thdtH fhl;b epd;wdH.

12.3.6. ghiyapy; vOe;j ghly;

<H vO tFg;gpd; NjHe;j ,d kzp ey; aho; thq;fp>

XH vO Fuypd; Xij cupf; fpis jspHg;g> ghfpd;

NeH vO kplw;wpd; Xij newpfs; %d;W ,af;fp> $l;b>

ghH vO elq;fs; thl;lg; ghbdH rpwg;gpd;> thNdhH.

mt;thdtH> gjpdhd;F tifahfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gy

,d kzpfs; gjpj;j ey;y aho;fisf; iffspy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L>

Fuy; Kjyhff; Fwpf;fg;gLk; VO ,irnahypfs; jj;jkf;Fupa

cwNthL jiof;FkhW> nty;yg;ghfpw;F epfuhf vOk; Fuypd;

Xiria %d;W newpfshYk; ,af;fp> gpd; mtw;iwf; fye;J eputp>

,t;Tyfpy; fhzg;gLk; eldq;fisnay;yhk; thl;ba rpwg;NghL

ghbdH.

fhkk; rhy; tpag;gpy; Xq;f>

fz;lit cs;sp> igk;g+e;

jhkk; rhy; nfhbNahd;>

tpz;NzhH jsq;fSs; jiytd; vd;d

Vkk; rhy; ,d;gj;J XHe;j

,Uk; Gfo; jspHj;J> Njt

ehkk; rhy; toq;f>

ey; aho; eilnahL ghbdhNd.

218

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




gRikahd g+khiyf;F Xg;ghd kyHf; nfhbia

cilatdhfpa #ir> ,t;thW fz;ltw;iwj; jd; kdj;Js; fUjpg;

ghHj;J> md;G epiwe;j tpag;NghL vOr;rp nfhz;L> thdtH

gilazpfSf;nfy;yhk; jhNd jiytd; Nghd;W> ghJfhg;G epiwe;j

,d;gj;NjhL jhd; czHe;j ngUk; Gfohy; jioj;Jj;> nja;tg;

ngaH kpFjpahf toq;f Ntz;b> thdtH mirj;j ey;y ahopd;

Nghf;fpw;F vw;g> gpd;tUkhW ghlj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

"ghiyapd; ntg;gk; gzp kUjj;J Mf;fpidNa>

khiyapd; jhkj;J mUs; ePjp ty;Nyha; !

mUs; ePjp ty;Nyhd; mb nrd;whH> ,q;fz;>

njUs; ePjp ePq;fhjhH> jPJ ,Lk;ig ez;zhNu.

"khiyapd; xOq;F Nghy mUSk; ePjpAk; ty;yikAk;

nfhz;l Mz;ltNd> eP ghiy epyj;jpd; ntg;gj;ijf; FspHe;j kUj

epyj;Jf;F xg;ghf khw;wpdha;! mUSk; ePjpAk; ty;yikAk; nfhz;l

,t;thz;ltd; mbiar; rhHe;jtH> njspe;j ePjp ePq;fhjtuha;>

,t;Tyfpy; jPikAk; Jd;gKk; mila khl;lhH.

"tPq;F Xj ePH epiy Mk;> nta;a eQ;R ,d; mKJ Mk;>

<q;F Xj xg;G ,we;j ve;ij mb nrd;why;!

ve;ij mb nrd;whH> vq;Fk; ,lH nkha;e;J cyt>

rpe;ij kfpo> jhk;> jPJ ,Lk;ig ez;zhNu.

",t;Tyfpy; jdf;F epfuhff; $Wjw;F ctikNa ,y;yhJ

fle;J epd;w vk; je;ijahfpa Mz;ltdpd; jpUtbiar; runzd;W

mile;jhy;> nghq;fp vOe;j fly; ePUk; epiy nfhz;L epw;fj;

jf;fjhFk;@ nfhba eQ;Rk; ,dpa mKjkhFk;! vq;Fk;

Jd;gk; jpuz;L cytpf; nfhz;bUf;f> vk; je;ijahfpa Mz;ltdpd;

jpUtbiar; runzd;W mile;jtH kl;Lk; kd kfpo;r;rpf; nfhz;L>

jPikAk; Jd;gKk; milahH.

12.3.7. #irapd; Nghw;wpg; ghly;

"thd; tho; mkuH tzq;fpj; jiy Vw;Wk;

Njd; tho; mb nrd;whH jPJ ,Lk;ig ez;zhNu.

jPJ ,Lk;ig ez;ZtH> ,r;rPwbia ehlhjhy;>

thJ ,Lk;ig tho;f;if tOf;F ,tWk; jPNahNu."

"thDyfpy; thOk; thdtH tzq;fpj; jk; jiyNky; Vw;wpg;

Nghw;Wk; Njd; thOk; kyH Nghd;w ,j;jpUtbiar; ruzndd;W

nrd;wile;NjhH jPikAk; Jd;gKk; mila khl;lhH. thJk;

Jd;gKk; epiwe;j ,t;Tyf thof;ifapy; jtwhd ,d;gq;fs; kPJ

219


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Mir itf;Fk; jPNahNuh> ,r; rpwpa mbfisj; Jizahf

ehlhikahy;> jPikAk; Jd;gKNk miltH."

12.3.8. thdtH gilj;j tpUe;J

Vo; ,irf; FoypNdhL ,dpa gz;

njhdpapNdhL ,ir tplhj

aho; ,irf;F> ,it vyhk; ,zH

eWq; nfhbapNdhd; miwa> ehjd;

Nfo; ,irj;J xspW jhs; nfOt

tk;G myH ewh kioia thupr;

#o; ,irj;J ,il cyhk; njhif

,oe;J mkuNu njhOJ NghdhH.

VO ,irf;F cupa FoNyhirNahLk; ,dpa ghlypd;

XirNahLk; ,irT nflhj ahopd; ,irf;Fg; nghUe;j g+q;nfhj;jpd;

eWkzk; nfhz;l nfhbiaj; jhq;fpa #ir ,itnay;yhk;

$wpdhd;. Foe;ij ehjdpd; epwj;NjhL ,ire;J xspUk; mbfspy;

epiwa kzk; nghUe;jpa kyHfspd; Njdhfpa kioia thupr; #o

epd;W ,irNahL nghope;J> ,ilNa cyhTk; jk; njhiff;Ff;

fzf;fpd;wpj; njhOjtz;zk; thdtH nrd;wdH.

,d;dtha;> kUjk; xj;J ,zH ewh ckpo;

tdj;J ,tHfs;gy; ehs;

Jd;d> thDyfpy; JWtpdhH mida cl;

Ritapd; tps;sh>

cd;d tha; kfpo;T Ja;j;J> czT

czh epidTk; mw;W xOfp> XH ehs;

md;d tha; mkuH cw;W mZfp>

thd; cup tpUe;J mikjy; nra;thH.

,t;thwhf> kUj epyk; Nghd;W g+q;nfhj;Jfs; Njid

ckpOk; mt;tdj;jpy; ,tHfs; gy ehl;fshfr; nrd;wpUe;Jk;>

thDyfpw; nrd;wile;jtH Nghy cs;sj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Rit ePq;fg;

ngwhky;> jk; kdj;ijNa thahff; nfhz;L kfpo;r;rpiaNa

czthf cz;L> czT cz;zhj epidTk; mw;wtuha; ele;J

Nghifapy;> xUehs; mt;tplj;Nj thdtH te;jZfp> thDyfpw;F

cupa tpUe;ij mikj;J epd;wdH.

nfhO epyh kufjf; nfhbapd;

Nky; kzpfs; g+j;J maUge;jH>

tpO epyh tpisAk; Kj;J mida kPd;

220

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




tpupT nra; tpup tpjhdj;J>

vO epyh kzp epiuj;J vopdp tPo;j;J>

,zH ewh mksp gha;j;jp>

nrO epyh kzpKfj; jpUtpNdhH

mkspapy; nghypa epd;whH.

nfhOikahd xsp nghUe;jpa kufjf; nfhbapd;Nky;

gytif kzpfNs kyuha;g; g+j;J tpsq;Fk; ge;jypy;> rpwe;j xsp

tpisAk; Kj;J Nghd;w tpz;kPd;fs; gue;J fplf;Fk; tpupthd

Nkw;fl;b mikj;J> vOe;J guTk; xsp nfhz;l ,uj;jpdq;fis

tupirahfg; gjpj;j jpiur; rPiyiaj; njhq;f tpl;L> NjDs;s

g+q;nfhj;Jf;fspdhy; nkj;ij gug;gpr;> nrOikahd epyT Nghd;w

mofpa Kfq; nfhz;l nry;tuhfpa mk;%tUk; mk;nkj;ijapd;

Nky; mkHe;J nghypTld; tpsq;fpdH.

tpy; fyj;J cU epyh ,yf tpl;L

mkuH #o; tpatH Mf>

nghd; fyj;J myH ewhg; GdYk; ca;j;J>

mfpy; myH GifAk; Ml;b>

gy; fyj;J mkpHjNk gy Ritf;F

mika thdtH gug;gp>

nrhy; fyj;J ,iz ,yhr; Ritapy;

mj;jftpNdhH JjpnahL cz;lhH.

jhk; mzpe;jpUe;j xspAs;s mzpfyd;fNshL jk;

cUtxspiaAk; ,yq;ftpl;L thdtH Rw;wpYk; Vtyuhf epd;W>

nghw;fyq;fspy; jhq;fpa kyH kzk; nfhz;l gd;dPH njspj;J>

mfpw; fl;il nte;J gue;j GifAk; fhl;b> gy ghj;jpuq;fspy;

czitg; gy;NtW Ritf;Fg; nghUe;j thdtNu epd;W gug;gp

itf;fNt> nrhy; vd;Dk; mzpfydhy; ,iz nrhy;y ,ayhj

RitNahL> jFjp tha;e;j mk;%tUk; Mz;ltidj; Jjpj;J

mjid cz;ldH.

rhy; tUk; jia czHe;J ,dpJ

cZk; nghOJ> mUe; jFjp thNdhH

fhy; tUk; ftupAk; fko; tUk;

GifiaAk; fdpa thup>

ehy; tUk; fy euk;G ,ir eae;J vo>

ewh espd thahy;

ghy; tUk; Rit tUk; gy euk;G

221


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

,irnahLk; ghbdhNu.

jk;ghy; Mz;ltd; kpFjpahff; nfhz;Ls;s jait czHe;J

mt;tpUtUk; ,dpJ cz;Zk;nghOJ> mupa jFjp nfhz;l thNdhH

rpyH fhw;W tUtjw;fhd rhkiuAk; kzk; tUtjw;fhd GifiaAk;

fdpNthL thupg; nghopaTk;> NtW rpyH ehY tifahff; $wg;gLk;

aho;fspd; euk;gpw; gpwf;Fk; ,iria tpUg;gj;NjhL vOg;gTk; kw;Wk;

rpyH NjDs;s jhkiu kyH Nghd;w jk; thahy; ghypdpd;W gpwf;Fk;

Ritf;F xg;ghd gy euk;G nfhz;l ahopd; ,irf;Fg; nghUe;jg;

gpd;tUkhW ghlyhapdH.

12.3.9. vyPa Kdptd; tuyhW

"jd; Njhy; cupj;j ghk;G xj;j jtj;jpd;

thshy; nghwp Ie;Jk;

nfhd;Nwhd;> csk; gw;W ,Us; Gf;fh

Fd;whr; rPy tpsf;F Vw;wp

epd;Nwhd;> tUk; fhy; fle;J ciuf;Fk;

epiw nrhy; ty;Nyhd;>ghg; GfOk;

ntd;Nwhd; vyPa Kdptd; tpUe;J cz;L

cte;j tdk; ,JNt.

"jd; Njhiyr; rl;ilahf cupj;njwpe;j ghk;Gf;F epfuhfj;

jtk; vd;Dk; thshy; Ik;nghwpfspd; Mirnay;yhk;

nfhd;nwhopj;jtDk;> jd; cs;sj;jpy; mfg;gw;W Gwg;gw;W vd;Dk;

,Us; GfhjthW mtpahj xOf;fk; vd;Dk; tpsf;if Vw;wp

epd;wtDk;> tUq; fhyj;ijj; nja;tf; fhl;rpahy; fle;Jnrd;W

fz;L$Wk; jtwhj epiw nrhy;ypy; ty;ytDk;> ghf;fs;

vLj;Jf;$Wk; Gfo;fSf;nfy;yhk; Nkk;gl epd;W ntd;wtDkhfpa

vyPad; vd;Dk; ngUKdptd; tpUe;J cz;L kfpo;e;j ghiytdk;

,JNt MFk;.

"fhd; tho; Ritj; Njd; Jsp ef;fp>

fjp tho; khwhtho;T xope;J>

thd; tho; ,iwNahd; jid kWj;J>

tirg; gy; NjtHj; njhof; fz;L>

Njd; tho; fhTk; kd; capUk; Njk;gp thl>

Kt;tUlk;>

jhd;> tho; ciw nfhs; Kfpy; KfKk;

jifj;j rhg khKdpNa.

222

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




"fhl;by; cs;s Ritahd Njd; Jsp Nghd;w ,t;Tyf

,d;gq;fisNa ef;fp cz;L> Nkhl;r fjpapy; thOk; khwhj tho;T

gw;wpa vz;zKk; xope;J> thDyfpy; thOk; nka;ahd Mz;ltid

kWj;J> ,fo;r;rpf;Fupa gw;gy NjtHfis me;ehl;ltH njhof;fz;L>

Njd; nfhz;l NrhiyfSk; epiyngw;w capHfSk; nkype;J

thLkhW> %d;W Mz;lstha;> tho;tpw;Ff; fhuzkhd Jspiaj;

jd;dplj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s Nkfk; jd; Kfj;ijAk; fhl;lhjthW

jLj;j rhgj;jpy; ty;y ngU KdptDk; jhNd Mthd;.

"me; ehs; vy;yhk;> jhd; Eio tha;

mry KioAs; Gf;F ciwe;j

gy; ehs; vy;yhk; Kiw jtpuh gwe;J

XH fhfk; czT ca;g;g>

Kd; ehs; ,y;yh tuj;J caHe;J>

Kjy;td; mb NrHe;jhd; vd;d>

ve; ehs; vy;yhk; Nfhlhj

,ay;gpd; rPy khKdpNa

"me;jf; fhynky;yhk;> jhd; Eioe;Nj nry;tjw;Fupa xU

kiyf; Fiff;Fs; GFe;J jq;fpdhd;. me;ehl;fspnyy;yhk; Kiw

jtwhky; gwe;J te;J xU fhfk; czT nfhzHe;jJ> mg;nghOJ

Kd; ehl;fspy; jhd; ngw;wpuhj tuq;fspy; caHe;J> Mz;ltd;

jpUtbiar; nrd;W NrHe;jtd; Nghy> ve;ehSk; vy;yhk;

jtwhj,ay;NghL jtnthOf;fk; Nkw;nfhz;L epd;w ngUKdptd;

mtd; Mthd;;.

"gpioapd; nfhLq; Nfhd; JwtH

vyhk; gpd;whr; rpdj;Jf; nfhd;w gpdH. '

Kioapd; fple;j ,k;KdpAk;

Kupf;ff; nfhzHkpd;! ' vdtpl;l

cioapy;> xU % Ik;gJ Nty;

cotH xUq;Fk; tha; nkhopahy;>

kioapd; fdiy thd; nghopa!

' itJ vd;W vupj;j khKdpNa.

"gpio kpf;f nfhba kd;dd;> kio nga;tpf;fj;

jtwpaikahy;> jd; ehl;bYs;s Jwtpaiu vy;yhk; ePq;fhj

rpdj;NjhL nfhd;w gpd;> 'Fiff;Fs; mile;J fple;j ,t;ntyPa

KdptidAk; nfhy;tjw;Ff; nfhzHtPH! ' vd;W Vtp tpl;lNghJ>

mt;thW te;j E}w;iwk;gJ Nty; tPuiuAk; xUq;Nf jd; tha;

223


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

nkhopahy;> 'thdk; neUg;ig kioNghy; nghopf! ' vd;W rhgkpl;L

vupj;j khKdptd; Mthd;.

"nfhO nfhk;G ,oe;j nfhb md;d>

nfhOed; ,oe;j ,sq;ifik

nrO nfhk;G md;d Cd;Wjw;Fj;

jpjpapd; epd;w XH kfDk;

tpO nfhk;G md;d tPo;e;J ,we;J>

tpk;kp mOk; jha; edp ctg;g

vO nfhk;G md;d> mk;kfid

vOg;gpj; je;j khKdpNa.

"nfhO nfhk;ig ,oe;j nfhb Nghyj; jd; fztid

,oe;jXH ,sk; ifk;ngz;> nrOikahd nfhk;G Nghy; jhd; Cd;wp

elg;gjw;F cWjp epiy Nghy epd;w xNu kfDk; tpOe;j

nfhk;GNghy; Nehapy; tpOe;J ,wf;ff; fz;L tpk;kp mOjhs;.

mj;jha; kpfNt kfpOkhW> Kisj;njOe;j nfhk;G Nghy; mk;kfid

vOg;gpj; je;j khKdptDk; ,tNd Mthd;.

tyk; Gq;F mtdp kh kfs; jd;

kUq;Fy; kzp ePs; NkfiyNah>

rpyk;Gk; grpa nghw; rpyk;Ngh

rpwe;j NrhHjhd; ejp NrHe;J>

Gyk;Gk; jpiuiaf; fk;gsj;jhy;

Gilg;g mupjpd; gpupj;J> espHe;J

myk;Gk; jpiuapy; mb NjhahJ

mg;ghy; fle;j khKdpNa.

"typik kpf;f epynkd;Dk; ngUkfspd; ,ilapy; mzpe;j

ePz;l kzpNkfiyNah> mts; fhypw; fple;J xypf;Fk; gRikahd

rpyk;Ngh vd;DkhW rpwe;J fple;j NrhH jhd; Mw;iw mile;J>

mjd; xypf;Fk; jpiuiaj; jd; NghHitahy; mbj;J mupa tpjkha;

eLNt gpupj;J epWj;jp> FspHr;rpNahL ,U GwKk; myk;gp epd;w

jpiufspd; eLNt fhy; eidahJ mg;ghy; fle;J nrd;w

ngUKdptDk; ,tNd.

"mg;ghy; fle;j Ngho;J> ,Uis mfw;wp tPRk; RlH fz;lhy;>

ntg;ghy;> ,utp ,ujnkd Nta;e;J> FspHg;g tpLk; fjpupd;

xg;ghy; kjp jd; ,ujnkd> caH epd;W ,ope;j NjH Vwp>

vg;ghy; midj;Jk; cZfhj XH,lj;jpy; NrHe;j kh KdpNa.

224

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




"mt;thw;iwf; fle;J mg;ghy; nrd;wNghJ> ,Uis

mfw;WkhW tPRk; fjpiu Nehf;fpdhYk;> ntg;gj;ij Nehf;fpdhYk;

QhapW NjH Nghyj; Njhd;wp> gpd; FspHe;j jd;ikaha; tpLk; fjpupd;

xg;Gikahy;jpq;fs; NjH NghyTk; Njhd;wp> thdj;jpdpd;W ,wq;fp

te;j xU Njupy; Vwp> vt;tplj;jpUe;Jk; vy;yhg; nghUs;fSk; mZf

,ayhj

XH ,lj;jpy; nrd;W NrHe;j khKdptDk; jhNd Mthd;.

",d;Dk; ,e; ehs; jd; capH <W ,d;wp

,d;gf; fly; epd;Nwhd;>

gpd;Dk; ,iwtd; jdpy; Fzpj;j

gpd; ehs; jdpy; ,t; cyF vupe;J>

kd;Dk; capNuhL cf Kbjy; tUq; fhy;>

mf; fhy; kPl;L> xspahy;

kpd;Dk; cUNthL> ,t; cyfpy;

tpsq;fj; Njhd;Wk;> khKdpNa.

",d;Dk; ,e;ehs; tiuf;Fk; jd; capUf;F KbT ,y;yhky;

,d;gf;flypy; epiyngw;Ws;s ,g;ngU KdptNd> gpd;Dk; Mz;ltd;

jdf;Fs; fUjpitj;Js;s gpw;fhyj;jpy;> ,t;TyfKk; vupe;J>

epiyngw;w capHfNshL cyf KbTk; tUk; nghOJ> xspahy;

kpd;Dk; cUtj;NjhL> kPz;Lk; mf;fhyj;jpy; ,t;Tyfpy; tpsq;f

te;J Njhd;Wthd;.

"xy;fhj; jtj;jpd; tuj; njhifNahd;

xU ehs; RLk; ,t;tdj;jpilNa

nry;fhy;> jsHe;J> XH thdtDk; nrd;W

je;j mil mUe;jp>

my;fhj; jpwj;J ehw;gJ ehs;> mUe;jh>

grpah> neL newpNgha;>

ey;fhj; jpU ey;fpa kiy>

thd; ez;zp Kfpy; Njha; KbNrHe;jhd;.

"jsuhj jtj;jhy; tuq;fisj; njhifahff; nfhz;Ls;s

mt;ntyPad; Kd; xU ehs; RLk; ,g;ghiytdj; jpilNa

nry;Yq;fhy;> grpahy; jsHe;J> xU thdtd; te;J je;j milia

mUe;jp> Fiwahj jpwj;NjhL ehw;gJ ehl;fsha; Ntnwhd;Wk;

mUe;jhkYk;> grpf;F MshfhkYk; neLtopg; Ngha;> nfhLj;jw;fupa

nry;tkhfpa Ntjj;ij Mz;ltd; je;jUspa rPdap kiyapd;

thdj;ijj; njhl;L Nkfj;NjhL NjhAk; cr;rpia mile;jhd;.

225


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

"vQ;rhj; jpwj;ij mk; Kdpf;F

md;W <e;Njhd;> <q;fz; ,d;W ckf;Nf

JQ;rhj; jiaapd; thd;tpUk;Gk;

Rit ,t; tpUe;J <e;jtd; ahNu?

mQ;rhj; jpwj;jpd; % cyFk; Mz;L>

ck;kplj;J kfd; Mfp>

tpQ;rhj; Jjp Nky; epd;w jia

tpisf;Fk; ,td; jhd;!" vdj;njhOjhH.

"Fiwahj ,j; jpwq;fisnay;yhk; mt;ntyPa KdptDf;F

md;W je;jtDk;> ,q;F md;W ckf;FNk J}q;fhj jaNthL

thDyfk; tpUk;Gk; Rit nfhz;l ,t;tpUe;J je;jtDk; ahnud;W

epidf;fpwPHfs;? vg;giff;Fk; mQ;r Ntz;lhj ty;ygj;NjhL

%d;Wcyfq;fis Mz;L nfhz;bUe;Jk;> ck;kplj;J kfdha;

mtjupj;J te;J> kpif vd;gjw;F ,lkpy;yhj jdJ GfopDk;

kpFjpahf epiyngw;w jait tpistpf;Fk; ,td;jhd; mtd;!"

vd;W nrhy;yp> %tiuAk; mt;thdtH njhOjdH.

12.3.10. ghiytdj;J %d;W topfs;

Njd; jpwj;J ,d;dit nrtpapw; Nfl;ldH@

thd; jpwj;J ,d;G cwP,> itaehjd; vd;W

Cd; jpwj;J ,stiy Mrp XjpdH@

fhd; jpwj;J I vO fhjk; NghapdH.

#irAk; kupahSk; Njdpd; Rit Nghy ,itnay;yhk;

nrtpje;J Nfl;ldH@ thDyfpw;F cupa ,d;gk; jhk; milj;J>

CDly; nfhz;L cjpj;Js;s rpWtid cyf ehjndd;W tho;j;Jf;

$wpdH@ mg;ghiytdj;jpy; Kg;ge;ije;J fhjk; fle;J NghapdH.

I vO fhtjk; Vfp> mg;Gwk;>

if vO #yj;Jf; ftHf;Fk; Ke;newp>

ngha; vO top vdg; Nghjy; fz;L csp>

nka; vO kpf;fNay; tpsk;gpdhd; mNuh

Kg;ge;ije;J fhj J}uk; nrd;W> mjd;gpd;> ifapy; vOg;gpg;

gpbj;j #yk; Nghy; gpupT nfhz;l %d;W topfs;> ngha;

gytpjkha;g; gpupe;J vOk; jd;ikNghy Nghjiyf; fz;L

jaq;fpaNghJ> nka;f;Fj; Jizahf vOk; ,ay;Gs;s kpf;fNay;

vd;Dk; thdtd; ,t;thW nrhy;yYw;whd;.

"ePH tpis khuKk;> epoy;nra; XikAk;

VH tpis Kfj;J ,lk; fple;j ,e; newp>

226

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ghH tpis tho;T vdg; gdp Kfj;J> moy;

#H tpis nfhbaJ XH Ruk; mJ Mk; mNuh.

"ePUs;s ,lj;jpy; jiof;Fk; flk;Gk;> epoiy kpFjpahfj;

jUk;Xik kuKk; moF nghUe;jpa Kfj;ijf; fhl;b miog;gd

Nghy; ,lg; gf;fkha;f; fple;j ,g; ghij> ,k;kz;Zyfpy; tpisAk;

tho;T Nghy;> Kjypy; FspHe;j Kfk; fhl;b> NkNy neUg;Gg; Nghy;

Jd;gk; tpistpf;Fk; nfhbanjhU ghiytdj;Jf; nfhz;L

NrHg;gjhFk;.

"tyk; glf; fple;j mt; topAk;> Kd; epiy

eyk; glf; fhl;ba rpwpaH el;G vd>

myk; glr; nryr; nry m/fp> NfhW khj;

jpyk; glg; GFe;J> fy; rpyk;gpy; nry;Yk; My;.

"tyg; gf;fkhff; fple;j mt;topAk;> Kjw;fz;

eyKilaJNghy; fhl;bf;nfhs;Sk; mw;gH el;GNghy;> Kjypy;

tpupTgl;Lg; Nghfg; Nghff; FWfp> nfhy;Yk; tpyq;Ffisf; nfhz;l

fhl;bDs; nrd;W GFe;J> gpd; fy; kiyapy; nrd;W KbAk;.

"epyj;jplj;J murH if ePjpf; Nfhy; vd>

tyj;J ,lj;J vq;fZk; tOT ,yh> eLg;

Gwj;jplj;J ciwtop> nghUs; ngha;ah kiw

eyj;jplj;J> vrpj;jpid ey;Fk; Mk;" vd;whd;.

",t;Tyfpy; murH ifapy; jhq;fpa ePjpAs;s nrq;Nfhy;

Nghy> tyg;GwNkh ,lg;GwNkh vq;Fk; rha;jy; ,y;yhky; eLg;

gf;fj;jpy; nghUe;jpf; fplf;Fk; top> nka;g; nghUspy; ngha; GFjy;

,y;yhj Ntjj;jpd; eyj;ijg;Nghy;> vfpj;J ehl;il milaj;

jUtjhFk;" vd;whd;.

nrt;top csj;jpNdhH rpwe;J> nrt;tpa

mt;top ele;J> xsp murd; jho;e;J Ngha;>

nka; top xsp jur;#oe;j tpz;ztH>

ik top ,uh xU kuj;J xLq;fpdhH.

nrt;tpa newpapw; nry;Yk; ,ay;Gila #irAk; kupahSk;

mJNfl;L kfpo;e;J> Neupajhd me;eLg;Gwg; ghijapNy ele;J>

xspaurdhfpa QhapW kiwaNt> #o epd;w thdtH jk; cly;

topahf xsp je;J epw;f> ,Us; tope;NjhLk; mt;tpuTg; nghOijf;F

xU kuj;jbapy; jq;fpdH.

227


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

12.4. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; jkpo;f; fhg;gpa tuyhw;wpy; Njk;ghtzpapd; epiyapid ehk;

mwpe;Njhk.; Njk;ghtzpapd; mikg;igAk; rpwg;GfisAk;

Gupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk.; jkpOf;F tPukhKdptH Mw;wpa njhz;bidAk;

ehk; njupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk.; ghiy GF glj;jpDila fijg;

Nghf;fpidAk; mwpe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;.

12.5. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. tPukhKdptupd; jkpoj; njhz;bid tptupf;f.

2. Njk;ghtzpapd; E}y; mikg;gpidf; fhl;Lf.

3. %tiuAk; fz;l ghiy epyj;jpd; epiy ahJ?

4. vyPa Kdptu; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; ahit?

12.6. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. Njk;ghtzp> vk;. Mu;. milf;fyrhkp ciu> tu;j;jkhdd;

gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id – 17.

228

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




$$WW-- 1133 -- cckkWWgg;; GGyyttHH -- rrPPwwhhgg;; GGuuhhzzkk;;

13.1 rPwhg; Guhzk;

jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l jiyrpwe;j ,Ryhkpa ,yf;fpak; rPwhg;

Guhzk; MFk;. ,e;E}y; ,iwJ}jH egpfs; ehafj;jpd; tho;f;if

tuyhw;iw ikakhff; nfhz;L jkpo;kuGfisg; gpd;gw;wp vOjg;gl;l

xU fhtpak;. ,jid ,aw;wpatH 18-Mk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j

ckWg; GytH MthH. mNj fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j ts;sy; rPjf;fhjpapd;

Mjuit ckWg; GytH ngw;whH. ts;sy; rPjf;fhjpapd; ngUikiar;

"nrj;Jk; nfhLj;jhd; rPjf;fhjp" vd;w nrhw;nwhlH tpsf;Fk;.

vl;ilaGu rkPd; M];jhdg; Gytuhfj; jpfo;e;j ckWg;GytH

,sk;tajpNyNa jk; FUtpd; vjpupia ntw;wp fz;ltH. egpfs;

ehafj;jpd; tuyhw;iwAk; mwpTiuiaAk; rkaj; njhz;ilAk;

tpsf;fp 5027 ghly;fs; nfhz;l rPwhg; Guhzj;ij ,aw;wpajhy;

,Ryhkpaf; fk;gH vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgtH. jiyg;ghif> KWf;F kPir>

ifapy; jq;ff;fhg;Gg; g+z;L ,e;J Nghy tpsq;fpa ,tiu vl;lg;g

g+gjpAk; rPjf;fhjpapd; nghUshsuhd mGy;fhrpKk; Mjupj;J

cs;sdH. ,Ryhkpaj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Kjd;ikahdJ rPwhg;

Guhzk;. ~rPwj;| vd;Dk; muGr; nrhy;ypy; ,Ue;Nj ~rPwh| vd;w nrhy;

Njhd;wpaJ. rPwj; - vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tho;f;if tuyhW vd;Wk;

'Guhzk;' vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fg; Gdpjf; fij vd;Wk; nghUs;.

mt;tifapy; ,];yhkpaj;ij cyfpw;Fg; Nghjpj;J ey;tho;T

tho;e;j KfkJegp ]y; mtHfNs ,f;fhg;gpaj; jiytH.

tpUj;jg;ghf;fspyhd ,g;Guhzk;. rPwhg;Guhzj;jpy; nkhj;jk; 91

glyq;fs; cs;sd. E}ypd; nkhj;jg; ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5>228.

18 Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,e;E}iy VL Njbg; gjpg;gpj;J ntspapl;ltH

GytH ehafk; nra;F mg;Jy; fhjpW eapdhH nyg;ig Mypk; GytH

(Nfdhg; GytH) MthH

13.1.1. rPwhg;Guhz mikg;G

rPwhg; Guhzk; ,uz;L ghfq;fspy; mike;Js;sJ.

Kjw;ghfj;jpy; 44 glyq;fSk;> ,uz;lhtJ ghfj;jpy; 47

glyq;fSk; cs;sd. Kjw;ghfkhdJ ,uz;L fhz;lq;fshf

mike;Js;sJ.

13.1.2. tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk; (nkhj;jk; 23 glyq;fs;)

Kjw;ghfj;jpy; Kjyhtjhf cs;s tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk;

vd;gJ egpfs; ehafk; mtHfspd; gpwg;G Kjy; jpUkzk;

229


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

tiuapyhd tho;f;if epfo;r;rpfis tptupf;Fk; gFjpahFk;. flTs;

tho;j;Jg; glyk;> ehl;Lg; glyk;> jiyKiwg; glyk;> egpatjhug;

glyk;> mypkh Kiya+l;Lg; glyk;> ,yhQ;rid jupj;j glyk;>

Gdy; tpisahl;Lg; glyk;> Gifwh fz;l glyk;> ghij Nghe;j

glyk;> Ruj;jpw; Gdyioj;j glyk;> ghe;js;tijg; glyk;> ejpfle;j

glyk>; Gyptrdpj;j glyk;> ghe;js; trdpj;j glyk;;> ,Rwhfhz;

glyk>; fs;tiu ejpkwpj;j glyk>; rhK efH Gf;f glyk>; fuk;

nghUj;J glyk;> ;Crhitf; fz;l glyk>; fjPrh fdT fz;l

glyk>; kzk; nghUj;J glyk;> kzk;Gup glyk>; f/gj;Jy;yh

tuyhw;Wg; glyk; Mfpa glyq;fs; ,jpy; cs;sd.

13.1.3.EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk; (nkhj;jk; 21 glyq;fs;)

,uz;lhtjhf cs;s EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk; egpg;gl;lk;

mUsg;gl;ljpy; ,Ue;J kf;fkhefupy; egpfs; ehafk; tho;e;j

fhyk;tiu ele;j tuyhw;wpidf; $WtjhFk;. ,J ,];yhkpa

rkak;> thdtH %yk; egpf;F mUsg;gl;lijf; $WfpwJ. egpg;gl;lk;

ngw;w glyk;> njhOif te;j tuyhw;Wg; glyk;> jPdpiyf;fz;l

glyk;> ckWfj;jhgPkhd; nfhz;l glyk;> cLk;G Ngrpa glyk;>

cj;Jgh te;j glyk;> mgPG kf;fj;Jf;F te;j glyk;>

kjpiaaiog;gpj;j glyk;> jirf; fl;biag; ngz;ZUtikj;j

glyk;> mgPG uh[h tupir tutpLj;j glyk;> <khd; nfhz;ltHfs;

mghrh uhr;rpaj;Jf;Fg; Nghe;j glyk;> khDf;Fg; gpiz epd;w

glyk;> <j;jq;Fiy tutioj;j glyk;> xg;ngOjpj; jPHe;j glyk;>

Gj;J Ngrpa glyk;> gpuhl;bahH nghd;DyF Gf;f glyk;>

gUg;gjuhridf; fz;Zw;w glyk;> mj;jhrPkhd; nfhz;l glyk;>

[pd;fsPkhd; nfhz;l glyk;> fhk;khg; glyk;> tpUe;J}l;Lg; glyk;

Mfpa glyq;fs; ,jpy; cs;sd.

13.1.4. ,rpwj;Jf;(`p[pwj;Jf;;)fhz;lk; (nkhj;jk; 47 glyq;fs;)

,uz;lhk;; ghfj;jpy; ,Wjpf;fhz;lkhd> ,rpwj;Jf;(`p[pwj;Jf;

fhz;lk;)fhz;lk; mike;Js;sJ. ,J kf;fkh efupypUe;J kjPdh

efUf;F egpfs; ehafk; Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;wJ Kjy; mtHfspd;

kjPdhefH tho;f;ifiaf; $WtjhFk;. <khd; nfhz;l glyk;>

kjPdj;jhH tha;ik nfhLj;j glyk;> ahj;jpiug; glyk;;> tplkPl;l

glyk>; Rwhf;fj;Jj; njhlHe;j glyk;> ck;kp kFgJg; glyk;>

kjPdk;Gf;f glyk;> fGfhGg; glyk;tpUe;jpl;Bkhd; nfhs;tpj;j glyk;>

cFghd; glyk;> ry;khd; ghupRg; glyk;> fFgj;Jy;yhit Nehf;fpj;

njhOj glyk;> Xeha; Ngrpa glyk;> tj;jhd; gilg; glyk;>

230

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ghj;jpkh jpUkzg; glyk;> rPGy; gFWg; glyk;> Gthj;Jg; glyk;>

mrPwhg; glyk;>gj;Dd;d Fyhg; glyk;> gj;Wg; glyk;> rtPf;Fg;

glyk;> Fjpupg; glyk;> jPak;Wg; glyk;> mgpwhgpF tijg; glyk;>

mrdhH gpwe;j glyk;> mg+j;jy;`h tpUe;Jg; glyk;> cFJg; glyk;>

mKwhg; glyk;> fFG tijg; glyk;>RFwhg; glyk;> gJW RFwhg;

glyk;> cirdhH gpwe;j glyk;> jhj;Jw; w`;`hf;Fg; glyk;> rhgpH

fld; wPHj;j glyk;> KiwrPf;Fg; glyk;> fe;jf;Fg; glyk;> cia

te;j glyk;> gdP Fiwyh tijg; glyk;> YkhkPkhd; nfhz;l

glyk;> nrapdG ehr;rpahH fypahzg; glyk;> xl;lif Ngrpa glyk;>

kioaiog;gpj;j glyk;> me;jfd; glyk;> fTyj;ij tpl;Lf; $l;bd

glyk;> cKwhTf;F Nghd glyk;> ry;kh nghUj glyk;> cwdpf;

$l;lj;jhH glyk; Mfpa glyq;fs; ,jpy; cs;sd.

13.2.1. ckWg;GytH

ckWg;GytH ( 1642 – 1703 ) J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lk;

ehfyhGuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH. ,tupd; je;ij NrF KjypahH vd

miof;fg;ngw;w nra;F Kfk;kJ mypahH MthH. vl;laGu kd;dd;

ntq;fNl];tu vl;lg;g g+gjpapd; mitg; Gytuhf tpsq;fpa

fbifKj;Jg; Gytuplk; ckW jkpo;g;; gapd;W Gyik ngw;whH. jk;

MrhDf;Fg; gpd; vl;laGu kd;ddpd; mitg;Gytuhfg;

nghWg;Ngw;whH. nra;F mg;Jy; fhjpHkiuf;fhaH vd;w ts;sy;

rPjf;fhjpapd; Ntz;LNfhspd; tz;zNk ckWg;GytH

rPwhg;Guhzj;ij vOjpdhH. E}y; KbTWk; Kd;dNu

rPjf;fhjpkiwe;jhH. gpd; mGy;fhrpk; vd;w ts;sypd;cjtpahy;

rPwhg;Guhzk; epiwT ngw;wJ. ckWg;GytH KJnkhopkhiy vd;w

vd;gJ ghf;fshy; Md E}iyAk; gilj;Js;shH.

13.2.2. ckWg;GytH tuyhW

mz;zy; ngUkhdhH K`k;kJ(]y;) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy;

mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ghfpH vd;ghH tho;e;jpUe;jhH. ngUkhdhupd;

jpUj;NjhouhFk; NgW ngw;w md;dhH > mz;zyhupd; mupa

tho;j;jpidg; ngw;wtH. mtupd; topj;Njhd;wy;fs; midtUk;

fhynky;yhk; fko;kzj;Jld; thoNtz;Lk; vd;Nw mz;zyhH Mrp

$wpdhH. me;j guk;giuapy; te;jtNu 'NrF KjypahH' vd;w nra;F

K`k;kJ mypahH MtH. md;dhH kiyahs ehl;bypUe;J

jkpo;ehl;bw;;F te;J> jpUney;Ntypiar; rhHe;j ehfyhGuj;jpy;

FbapUe;Jnfhz;L> mijaLj;jpUe;j vl;ilaGuj;J kfhuh[htplk;

231


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

thridj; jputpaq;fis vLj;Jg; Ngha; tpw;Wf; fhyk; fopj;J

te;jhH.

caHe;j kzg;nghUl;fis toq;fpj; jk; cs;sj;ijf;

nfhs;is nfhz;l NrF KjypahH jk; mUfpNyNa tho;e;J

tuNtz;Lnkd;W kd;dH tpUk;gpdhH.vdNt> NrF KjypahUk;

kd;dupd; tpUg;gpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L>ehfyhGuj;jpYk; vl;ilaGuj;jpYkhf

tho;e;J te;jhH.mf;fhyj;jpy;jhd;> mtUila xg;gw;w mUe;jtf;

nfhOe;jhf 'ckW' vd;w mofpa Foe;ij gpwe;jJ.

,sikapNy vopYk; fy;tpahHtKk; tha;f;fg; ngw;w rpWtH

ckW> vl;ilaGuj;J muz;kidj; jkpo;g;GytuhapUe;j 'fbif

Kj;J GytH'vd;gtuplk; jkpo;f; fy;tp gapyj; njhlq;fpdhH.

gy;tiff; fy;tp-Nfs;tpfspy; NjHe;j ckW> jk; Mrhdpd;

ngUkjpg;gpw;Fupa khztuhdhH. ,t;thwpUf;ifapy;> xUehs;

tlehl;bypUe;J MupaKk; mUe;jkpOk; fw;Wg; Gyik ngw;w 'thiy

thUjp' vd;w GytH vl;ilaGu muritf;F te;J NrHe;jhH. jk;ik

thjpy; nty;yj; jf;fhH ahUkpyhH vd;W mtH khH jl;bg; Ngrpg;

gpw GytHfis thJf;fioj;jhH. mjd;gbNa vl;ilaGuj;J

muritapYk; te;J mwptpj;jhH. kd;dUk; Mtd nra;a ,ire;jhH.

Gyikj; jpwj;jhyd;wp> kha ke;jpuq;fshNyNa gy muritg;

GytHfis ntw;wpnfhz;l thiythUjpiag; gw;wpf; fbifKj;Jg;

GytH Nfs;tpAw;wpUe;jhH. mjdhy;> tpj;ijfs; GupAk; tpj;Jthidj;

jk;khy; vt;thW ntw;wpnfhs;s KbAnkd;w ePq;fhf; ftiyapy;

Mo;e;jpUe;jhH.

Mrhdpd; ftiyia mwpe;j khztH ckW> mtiu mZfp>

ftiyf;fhd fhuzj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhH. vdNt> thiy

thUjpAld; thjpLtjw;fhd Fwpg;gpl;l ehs; te;jJk;> jk;

Mrpupauplk; mtUf;Fg; gfukhf murit nry;Ytjw;fhd

mDkjpia type;Jg; ngw;W> vl;ilaGuj;J muritf;F te;J

NrHe;jhH. cly; eyf; Fiwthy; fbifKj;Jg; GytH

tutpy;iynad;Wk;> mtUf;Fg; gfukhf mtupd; khztH

te;jpUf;fpwhH vd;Wk;> thiy thUjp jk; nrhw;nghopitj;

njhlq;fyhk; vd;Wk; kd;dH cj;jutpl;lhH.

mijr; nrtpNaw;w thiythUjp> jk; tyf;ifapw; Nghl;bUe;j

jq;ff; flfj;ij mirj;J NkNyw;wpdhH. tof;fkhf

mf;flfj;jpypUe;J xypf;Fk; 'thiythUjp vd;wwpaPNuh' vd;w

nrhw;fs;> md;iwf;F kl;Lk;> 'thiythUjp vd;wwpahNah gps;sha;!'

232

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




vd;W cz;lhapd. mg;NghJ ckWg; GytH> jk; ,Lg;gpy;

nrUfpapUe;j aho;g;ghzj;J vOj;jhzpia vLj;J epyj;jpy; Cd;wp>

"vd; vOj;jhzpNa! ,tUf;nfjpH NgR!" vd;W fl;lisapl;lhH.

xd;Wk; epfotpy;iy! gpd;Dk; cj;jutpl;lhH.

mg;NghJk; VJk; epfotpy;iy! %d;whtJ KiwapYk;

Kad;W Njhy;tp fz;l ckW> fz;fs; rptf;f> Kfj;jpy; jPf;fdy;

gwf;ff; fLQ;rpdk; nfhz;L> vOj;jhzpiag; ghHj;J> 'NgR!' vd;W

cuf;ff; $wp cj;jutpl;lhH. mit fpLfpLj;j mt;Nthiriaj;

njhlHe;J> mt;ntOj;jhzpapypUe;J fPo;f;fhZk; ghly; cjpHe;J

cs;sq;fis mjpu itj;jJ.

"rkuJu fjJq;f kdUQ;r ghnrd;W

ruprkh rdkPjpNy

mkunthU eunfhk;G jpdKQ;R khnry;Y

kKjftp uh[dhNd

jpkpugif tiuntd;w gUjpnaD

nkknjl;lj; jPudzp thapy;tpj;thd;

ckWFK wpbyz;l KfLk;g

Bnud;D Ks;sr;rk; itAk;gps;sha;!"

,jidr; nrtpAw;w GytH thiythUjp> csk; gjwp> nka;

eLf;Fw;W> jdJ ke;jpur; rf;jpnay;yhk; ,j;jifa mw;Gjj;jpd; Kd;

mw;gk; vd;WzHe;J> vOe;J nrd;W ckW Gytuplk; kz;bapl;L

kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhup> muritia tpl;L mfd;whH. ,e;epfo;r;rp>

kd;dUf;F ckWg; GytH kPJ xg;gw;w kjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpw;W.

kfpo;r;rpg; ngUf;fhy;> kd;dH jk;kplkpUe;j tpUJfs; gytw;iwAk;

ckWg; GytUf;F toq;fp mDg;gpitj;jhH. ntw;wp ngw;W tPL

jpUk;gpa jk; khzhf;fiu ,Wfj; jOtpf;nfhz;l fbifKj;Jg;

GytH> jhk; mg;NghJ KJik va;jptpl;ljhy;> md;WKjy; ckNw

vl;ilaGuj;J muz;kid mitg; Gytuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd;W

Mrp $wp mDg;gp itj;jhH. md;W Kjy; ckWg; GytH

vl;ilaGuj;J muz;kidia myq;fupj;J te;jhH.

13.2.2. rPwhg;Guhzk; ,aw;wg;ngw;w tuyhW

jkpofj;jpy; Mq;fhq;fpUe;j K];ypk; kf;fs; ,yf;fpa

MHtj;Jld; fk;guhkhazk;> kfhghujk; Nghd;w ,yf;fpaq;fspd;

cge;epahrq;fisf; Nfl;L tUtJ md;iwa tof;fkhf

,Ue;jJ.mf;fhyj;jpy;>,uhkehjGur; NrJgjp kd;dupd; mikr;ruha;

,yq;fp te;j nra;fg;Jy; fhjpH vd;w 'rPjf;fhjp kiuf;fhaH'mtHfs;

233


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

,jid czHe;J> K];ypk;fs; mtHfspd; khHf;f mbg;gilapy;

mike;j Ngupyf;fpaq;fspd; cge;epahrq;fisf; Nfl;fNtz;Lk; vd;w

ngUtpUg;ig cilatuhapUe;jdH. jkJ ,t;Ntl;ifiaj;

jzpg;gjw;fhd ey;tha;g;ig vjpHNehf;fpAk; fhj;jpUe;jhH.

,t;thwpUf;ifapy;>xUehs; murhq;f Ntiyapd; epkpj;jk;

rPjf;fhjp kiuf;fhaH mtHfs; vl;laGu muritf;Fr; nry;y

NeHe;jJ.Mq;F ckW vd;w ngaupy; xU GytH ,Uf;ff;

fz;L>',tNu ngUkhdhupd; tho;f;ifiaf; fhg;gpakhfg; ghl

ty;ytH'vd;W XHe;jhH. rpd;dhl;fs; fope;j gpd;dH jkjpy;yj;jpy;

epfo;e;j tpUe;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;s ckWg; GytH te;j NghJ jkJ

cs;sf; fplf;ifia md;dhuplk; ntspapl;lhH rPjf;fhjp ts;sy;.

GytUk; ,j;id mlf;fj;Jld; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH. vdpDk;>ts;sy;

ngUkhdhupd; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfis ciuahfj; jUtJ ahH vd;w

Nfs;tp vOe;jJ.rPjf;fhjp ts;sy; jk; Md;kPf topfhl;bahd

',iwNerH n\a;F rjf;fj;Jy;yh`; mg;gh 'mtHfis mZfp>

ngUkhdhupd; tho;f;ifr; rupijapidf; fhtpakhfg; ghl ckWg;

GytUf;F ciu toq;FkhW Nfhup epd;whHfs;.

ckWg; Gytupd; myq;Nfhyj; Njhw;wj;ijf; fz;L>ciu

nfhLf;f mg;gh mtHfs; ,iratpy;iy.csk; thba ckWg;

GytH>ngUkhdhupd; tho;itf; fhtpakhf;fp> mjd; epkpj;jkhf

md;dhiuj; jhk; fhZk; ehs; ve;ehNsh vd;W

Vq;fp>gs;spthapYf;Fs; nrd;wkHe;J jk; cs;sj;J czHr;rpfisg;

ghf;fshfg; ghbf;nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,t;thW vz;gj;njl;L ghly;fs;

ghb Kbj;jNghJ Gytiuj; Japy; Ml;nfhz;lJ. ngUkhdhH(]y;)

mtHfs;> Gytupd; fdtpy; Njhd;wp> kWgbAk; mg;gh mtHfsplk;

nrd;W ciu Nfl;FkhW gzpj;jdH. fz; tpopj;j ckWg; GytH

fUiz egpatHfspd; fl;lisiar; rpuNkw;nfhz;L> mg;gh

mtHfsplk; nrd;W ciu NfhupdH. Kd;Nghyd;wp> Gytiu

vjpnfhz;lioj;J cgrupj;j mg;gh mtHfs;>rPwh ciu nfhLf;fr;

rk;kjpj;jdH.mg;gh mtHfs; jhq;fshfTk;>jk; khzhf;fuhfpa

k`;%J ge;jH vd;W toq;f ngw;w 'gwq;fpg; Ngl;iliar; rhHe;j

'kh% iedhH nyg;ig' vd;ghH %yKk; ckWg; GytUf;F ciu

toq;fpdH.mr;nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L rPwhf; fhg;gpak; gilf;fj;

njhlq;fpdhH ek; GytH.

,jw;fpilapy;>rPwhitg; ghlg; NgUjtpahf ,Ue;j rPjf;fhjp

kiuf;fhaH mtHfs; ,iwab NrHe;jdH. fhg;gpak; gilj;J te;j

234

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




ckWg; Gytupd; cs;sj;jpy; Ngupb tpOe;jJ.me;epiyapy;> Gytupd;

,uq;f jf;f epiyia czHe;j 'mGy;fhrpk; kiuf;fhaH'vd;w

ts;sy; ngUkhd;>Gytiu md;Gld; Mjupj;J> rPwhit ,aw;wj; jhk;

cWJizahapUg;gjhf thf;fspj;Jg; gy cjtpfSk; nra;J

Cf;fpdhH. 'rPwhg;Guhzk;"vd;w xU ngUq;fhtpak; cUntLj;jJ.

<bizapy;yh ,g;NgUjtp- fSf;F ed;wp nrhYk; Kfj;jhd;> ckWg;

GytH> mGy; fhrpk; kiuf;fhaiuj; jk; rPwhg;Guhzj;jpy; gy

,lq;fspy; kwthky; epidT $He;J Nghw;wp Gfo;e;Js;shH.

ckWg; Gytupd; 'rPwhg;Guhzk;'mz;zy; ngUkhdhupd;

tho;f;if KOtijAk; $wtpy;iy vd;gJ>tpag;gpw;FupaJk;>tUe;jj;

jf;fJkhFk;!ahJ fhuzj;jhNyh rPwhtpy; egpatHfspd; tuyhW

KOikahff; $wg;ngwtpy;iy.,Ug;gpDk;> ,];yhkpaj;

jkpopyf;fpaq;fspy; rPwhg; Guhzj;jpw;f;F jdpNahH ,lKz;L.

ngUkhdhupd; J}a jpUtho;f;ifapd; vQ;rpa gFjpfis gD} mfkJ

kiuf;fhaH ahj;J Kbj;jhHfs;. ,JTk; 'rpd;d rPwh' vd;w ngaupy;

gpugykhfpAs;sJ.

13.3. rPwhg;Guhzk; - khDf;Fg; gpiz epd;w glyk; khDf;Fg; gpiz epd;w glyk; MdJ EGtj;Jf; fhz;lk;

vd;Dk; ,e;E}ypd; ,uz;lhtJ fhz;lj;jpy; cs;sJ. egpfs; ehafk;

Ntldplk; rpf;fpa xU ngz;khDf;fhfj; jhNk gpizahf epd;W>

mk;khid mtdplkpUe;J kPl;l ngUq;fUizj; jpwj;ij ,g;glyk;

czHj;Jfpd;wJ

13.3. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; rPwhg;Guhzk; E}y; vOe;j ,e;j tuyhw;wpid ehk; ,q;Nf

njspthfj; njupe;J nfhz;Nlhk.; rPwhg;Guhzj;jpd; mikg;igAk;

xt;nthU fhz;lk; fhl;Lk; nra;jpfisAk; ehk; ,q;Nf

mwpe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;.

13.4. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. ckWg;Gytupd; tuyhw;iwj; jUf.

2. rPwhg;Guhzk; E}y; mikg;gpid tptupf;f.

3. rpd;d rPwh gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.


1. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ghfk; - 1 Nf.gp. nra;Fj;jk;gp ghtyu; ciu>

jpuPnak; ntspaPl;lhsu;fs;> nrd;id – 1

235


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

$$WW-- 1144 -- kkhhDDff;;FFgg;; ggppiizz eeppdd;;ww ggllyykk;;

14.1. KfkJ egp tdj;jpy; fz;l fhl;rp

mupapdQ; nrwpe;j Nghd;w mwgpfs; FOtp dhg;g

nzhUjdpr; rPa nkhg;g Tilatd; W}jH nry;tj;

jpUefHg; Gwj;J ePq;fpr; nrOKfpd; Kbapw; whq;fp

kUkyH nrwpAQ; Nrhiy #o;e;jNjhH tiuiar; rhHe;jhH

,iwtdpd; jpUj;J}juhfpaKfkJ egp xUehs;>

efHg;Gwj;jpidePq;fpr; nrOikahd Nkfq;fisj; jdJ

Kbapdpy; jhq;fpaJk;> kzkpf;f kyH tdq;fisf; nfhz;lJkhd

xU kiyapid mile;jhH.

14.2. tiyapy; rpf;fpa khd; FWntaHg; Gjpj;j nka;Aq; nfhOe;jir kzj;j thAk;

gwpjiy tpupg;Gq; $He;j gLnfhiy tpopA khf

twgpdp ywgp Ntl dltpapw; nwhlHe;NjhH khidf;

fWnthLk; tiyapw; NrHj;jpf; fl;bitj; jpUg;gf; fz;lhH

tdq;fspy; jpupAk;tpyq;Ffisf; nfhd;W mtw;wpd;jirfis

mWj;Jf; Nfhypy; fl;bg;gf;Ftkhfr; Rl;Lj; jd;de;jdpNamtw;iw

cz;L> jdJ Cidg;ngUf;fptUk; Ntld; xUtd;,t;thW

Ntl;ilahb cz;gijj;jtpu NtnwhU mwpTk; mw;wtd;.rpWrpW

Kj;Jf;fshf tpaHitjpfOk;Nkdp@ Cd; kzf;fpd;w

tha;@Fj;Jg;GjHfs; Nghy; KbtsHe;jjiy@ gLnfhiy tPRk;

ghHitAilatpopfs;> muG nkhopapy; NgRgtd;.,t;thwhd Ntld;

xUtd; fhl;by;gpd; njhlHe;J nrd;W> khd; xd;iwr;rpdj;Jld;

tiyapy; gpbj;Jf; fl;bitj;jpUg;gjid KfkJ fz;lhH.

14.3. khDf;fhf kdk; fyq;fpa egp FioFioj; njupAQ; nre;Njd; nfhOkyHf; fhit Nehf;fhH

nghopkiy aUtp Nehf;fhH Gwj;Jed; dpoiy Nehf;fhH

nrOKfpw; ftpif ts;sy; nrwpjU kPe;jpd; nrq;fha;

kiwnadr; nrhupt Nehf;fhH khidNa Nehf;fpr; nrd;whH.

KfkJ egpfs; khidf;fz;lgpd;> mUk;GfSk; jspUk; kpf;f

NrhiyiaAk; fhzhH@ mUtpiaAk; fhztpy;iy. mUfpy; cs;s

epoiyAk; Nehf;fhH@ jk; kPJ <r;rq;fhaq;fs; kio

Nghyr;nrhuptijAk; Nehf;fhuhfp khidNa Nehf;fpr; nrd;whH.

14.4. egpfsplk; ngz;khd; Kiwaply; : epiwtsQ; Rue;j fhdp dpd;wee; egpia Nehf;fpf;

Fwpath yirj;J ePz;l nfhOq;fOj; JaHj;jp ePl;b

236

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




kiwglh kjpNa tz;ik Kfk;kNj nad;dg; Nghw;wpj;

jWfplh njtHf;Fq; Nfl;gr; ryhnkLj; Jiuj;Jf; $Wk;

tsk; epiwe;j mf;fhl;by; jd;dUNf te;J epd;w egpia

Nehf;fp> jdJ Fl;ilahd thiy mirj;J> neLq; fOj;ij ePl;bf;

fiwaw;w epyTNghd;wtNu! ts;sy; KfkNj! vd tpspj;Jg; Nghw;wpj;

jilapd;wp vtHf;Fk; Nfl;Fk; gbahf> tzq;fpr; ryhkpl;Lg; gpd;

$wyhapw;W.

14.5. fU tsu;j;j egpfspd; ehkk; ,Uepyj; jhirf; fhNah upsq;fd;nwd; tapw;W whjhd;

kUtpa fiyA ehDk; tUj;jKw; wpUf;Fq; fhyk;

ngUFjPd; Kfk;k NjEk; ngaupidg; Nghw;wy; nra;Nj

DUtike; jpsQ;#d; Kw;wp AjuKk; tsHe;j jd;Nw

“ty;ytdhfpa ,iwtdJ cz;ikj; J}jNu! tpiue;J vd;

nrhw;fis cfe;J Nfl;L ckJ mUisj; jUtPuhf!" vq;fSf;F

xU ,sq;fd;W Ntz;Lnkd Mirg;gl;L ehDk; vd; fiykhDk;

,Uf;f> ehd; #Ywhjjhy; tUj;jKw;Nwhk;. mg;NghJ Kfkjhfpa

cq;fs; ngaiug; Nghw;wpNdd;. vdf;F ,sQ;#y; cUthfpf; fU

tsHe;jJ."

14.6. ,d;gj;jpd; ,ilNa te;j Jd;gk; mj;jpirf; nfjpupd; Nky;gh yLj;njhU Ftl;bd; fz;Nz

kj;jff; fupA kha;f;Fk; tupg;Gyp Kof;f ePz;l

Fj;jpuj; jrdpj; jhf;fpd ; Ftya kjpuf; Nfl;Lj;

jj;jpnaj; jpirAe; jpf;Fe; jdpj;jdpr; rpjwp Ndkhy;

ahDk; vdJ JizAk; NrHe;J xd;whdhw; Nghd;w cUNthL

XH ,sq;fd;W gpwe;jJ. ,d;gf;flypy; Mo;e;J ,k;kiyaplj;ijr;

rhHe;JJd;gk; mfd;wpUe;Njd;. Mdhy; vd; Kd;tpidapid ehd;

mwpatpy;iy. vdJ capuida fd;Wk; Mz;khDk; ahDk; vq;fs;

Rw;wKk; kiyr;rhuypy; Xuplj;jpy; tapuhwj; jioAz;L> grpjPHe;J

gpd; ePH mUe;jp vs;ssT mr;rKk; ,d;wp epd;W cytpa Neuk;!

ehq;fs; epd;wpUe;j jpirapd ; vjpupypUe;J xU kiyf; Ftl;bd;fz;>

kj;j ahidAk; mQ;rp ,wf;fr; nra;Ak; jd;ikAld; nfh^ukhf

,bKof;fk; Nghd;W ePz;ljhf xU tupg;Gypapd; Kof;fk; Nfl;lJ.

mijf;Nfl;L ehq;fs; xt;nthU jpirapYk; jdpj;jdpahfr; rpjwp

XbNdhk;.

14.7. tiyapy; tPo;e;j tz;z khd;fs; mltpap dilAq; fhiy at;Tiof; fue;jpt; Ntld;

237


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

WlupLk; tiyiar; Rw;wpr; RUf;fplg; Gyptha;j; jg;gp

kplyup Aioapw; rpf;fp kpile;njd kpile;J nrt;tp

AlYapH gijg;gj; Njk;gp AzHtope; njhLq;fh epd;Nwd;

jhz;br; nrd;w nrbfSk; GjHfSk; epyj;jpy; mOe;j

xd;iwnahd;W nrd;w jpir fhzhky; ehq;fs; XbNdhk;. ehDk;

vdJ fd;iwf; fhzhJ thba kdj;NjhLk; clk;ghdJ

Mbf;fhw;wpy; JUk;G Nghy; Ml NtNwhH fhdfk; GFe;Njd;.

mf;fhl;bid mile;jNghJ> mq;F kiwe;jpUe;j ,t;Ntld;>

tiyiar; Rw;wp vdf;F RUf;F ,l;L> GypthapypUe;J jg;gpr;

rpq;fj;jpdplk; rpf;fpdhw; Nghy> ehd; clYapH gijf;fj; Njk;gp

kdkpoe;J xLq;fp epd;Nwd;.

14.8. khdpd; kaf;fk; gpbgL kpjw;F Kd;Nd %d;Wehl; gpwe;J Gy;ypd;

nfhbEid Nka;e;J ePUq; Fbj;jwp ahJ ghtp

kbKiy apwq;fpg; ghYk; tope;jJ Fotp NrhHe;J

gbkpir fple;njd; ghL gLtNjh twpfp NyNd

ehd; gpbgLtjw;F %d;W ehl;fSf;F Kd;G jhd; gpwe;jJ

vd;fd;W@ ,d;Dk; Gy;iy Nka;e;jwpahJ@ ePUk; gUfhJ@ vd; kbapw;

Rue;j ghYk; tope;jJ. vd; fd;W g+kpapy; fple;J vd;d ghL

gLfpd;wNjh? mwpNad;. vdJ fd;W jdJ je;ijahfpa

fiykhdplkhapDk; Nrh;e;jNjh? my;yJ NtnwhU Gwkhf

Xbr;nrd;wNjh> jd; ,dj;ijr; NrHe;J ngw;NwhUf;fhf Vq;fpaNjh?

my;yJ Gypapd; thapy; mbgl;L ,we;jNjh? vd;idj; Njb

,q;Fkq;Fkhf XbkWfpw;Nwh? mwpNaNd.

14.9. egpapd; ey;Yjtpia ehba khd; tpLj;jpNuw; fiyiar; NrHe;J tpioTWq; ftiy jPug;

gLj;jpnad; dpdj;Jf; Nfhjpg; gwopDf; fpdpa jPk;ghy;

nfhLj;jUk; grpia khw;wpf; Fyj;njhLQ; NrHj;J ty;Ny

aLj;njhU fbifg; Nghjpyilt ndd; iwe;j jd;Nw

vd;Wk; epiyngw;w fypkh vd;Dk; ,];yhj;jpd;

%yke;jpuj;jpd; thapyhf khe;jH vtUk; nrhHf;fj;jpy; Gfr;nra;Ak;

Gz;zpaNd! ehd; ,t;Ntldpd; grpiaj; jPHf;fr; rpj;jkhf cs;Nsd;.

mjw;F Kd; vd;fhy;fisg; gpzpj;Js;s gpizg;ig ePf;fp vd;idj;

jhq;fs; gpizahf epd;W tpLtpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. vd;idj; jhq;fs;

tpLtpj;jhy;> vd;Dila fiykhidr; NrHe;J> mjd; ftiyia

khw;wp vdJ epiyia vd; ,dj;jpw;Fj; njuptpj;J vdJ fd;wpDf;F

238

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




,dpa jPk;ghy; Cl;b> vdJ Fyj;NjhL NrHe;J ,Ue;J tpl;Lr; rpy

ehopifg; Nghjpy; jpUk;GNtd; vd;W mg;ngz;khd; egpaplk;

Fiwapue;jJ.

14.10. khDf;Fg; gpiz epd;w khkdpju; egp fhuzf; Fuprpy; $Wq; fl;Liu nrtpap NdhHe;J

ghupdp nytHf;Fe; Njhd;whg; GJikghHj; jwpNth ky;yhw;

rhHgpdpw; rhuh nyhd;Wf; fpuz;LNk jUJ nkd;whH

Ngupdpw; gpzaha;f; nfhs;sy; fUj;njdg; ngupJl; nfhz;Nlhd;

khd; ,t;thW ciuf;ff; Nfl;l egp> kdj;jpy; fUiz nghq;f>

Ntlid Nehf;fp> “,e;j khd; jdJ fd;wpd; JaH jPHj;J tUk; tiu

ehd;> ,jw;F gpiz@ vdNt ,jid tpLf" vd;whH. vd;idg;

gpizahff; nfhz;l ,e;jg; ngz;khd; xU ehopifg; Nghjpy;

tuhtpl;lhy;> ehd; cdJ grpiaj; jPHg;gjw;fhf xd;wpw;F ,uz;lhf

md;Gld; jUNtd;! ftiyg; glhNj! vd;W ,dpikAld; egpfs;

ciuj;jhH.

14.11. Fl;bf;Fg; ghYhl;ba khd; kiytw tpdj;J shfp kdj;jpDl; ftiy ePf;fpf;

fiyapDs; tUj;je; jPHj;Jf; fd;wpid aizj;J tpk;K

Kiyapid a+l;b nkd;ik KJFth ybeh ePl;b

aiyju tisj;J Nkhe;J Ntl;ifia afw;wpw; wd;Nw

xU tdg; gFjpapdplj;J vz;zw;w ngz;khDk; fd;Wk;

fiyAld; ,Uf;f mf;$l;lj;ij ,dpNj fz;lJ. mg;ngz;khd;. jd;

,dj;jpDs; nrd;W NrHe;J ftiy ePq;fpaJ. jdJ fiyapd;

tUj;jj;ijAk; Nghf;fpj; jdJ fd;Wf;Fg; ghY}l;b> nkd;ikahd

KJifAk; thypidAk; ehtpdhy; ef;fpf; nfhLj;Jf; fOj;ij

tisj;J Nkhe;J mjd; Ntl;ifiaAk; Nghf;fpaJ.

14.12. rj;jpak; fhj;j khd; khWnfhz; ltHif jg;gp te;jkh dpdj;jpd; rhjp

Nfhwiy tpUk;gp Kd;D euHifapw; $bw; Wz;Nlh

NtWiu gfNuy; ghHg;ig ntWj;JKd; dpdj;ij ePj;J

kPnwdg; Nghjy; Ntz;lh nkDKiu apak;gpw; wd;Nw

fd;wpw;F mKjk; Cl;ba gpd;dHf; fhl;lfj;jpy; Xbr; nrd;W>

jdJ ,dj;jpw;nfy;yhk; jhd; Ntld; ifg;gl;l tuyhWk;> egpfs;

mij kPl;L tu tpl;lJk; vLj;Jiuj;jJ. gpizahf egpfs;

,Ue;jdH vd;w nkhopiaf; Nfl;Lg; gpizf;Fyk; midj;Jk;

cs;sg; gijg;gile;J Jd;gk; va;jpd. Jizahfpa Mz;khDk;

cly; NrhHe;J ngU%r;R va;jp epd;wJ. gpd;dH mq;Fg; Nghf

239


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

Ntz;lhk; vdf;$wpaJ. jk;NkhL khWgl;ltH ifapypUe;Jk; jg;gp

te;j khdhdJ> mtuhy; jhk; nfhy;yg;gLjiy tpUk;gp kPz;Lk;

mj;jifa kdpjHfs; ifapy; NrHtJz;Nlh? kWj;Jr; nrhy;yhNj.

,f;Fl;bia ntWj;Jk; ek; ,dj;ijj; Jwe;Jk; Kbtpid Nehf;fpg;

Nghf Ntz;lhk; vd;Dk; Kiwapid vLj;Jf; $wpaJ.

14.13. ngz;khd; vLj;j KbT : rpwg;Gilf; Fuprpd; Kd;dQ; nrg;gpa khw;w khwp

kwg;nghL kpUe;Nj dhfpy; tupg;Gyp apdj;jpd; tha;g;gl;

bwg;gNj ruj ky;yh ypUg;gjw; fplkw; Wz;Nlh

Twg;ngUk; tpUg;g nkd;Nk ypUj;jiy nahopj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

tiyapy; mfg;gLj;jpf; fapWfshy; gpizj;J vd;idg;

gw;wpa NtlDf;Fk; Vw;gg;Ngrp> jhNd gpizahf epd;whH. ngupatd;

J}juhfpa egpfs;> ,t;Tyfj;jpy; vy;yh capHfisAk; mizj;Jf;

fhg;gjw;F mtuy;yJ NtW xUtH ,y;iyay;yth? vdJ capiu

NtldJ grpf;fhf <e;J> egpapdJ gpizia kPl;f ehd; kdk;

nfhs;stpy;iynad;why;> ehd; nrhHf;fj;ijapoe;J jP eufpdpy;

GFtNjapd;wp vdf;F NtW fjpAk; ngUikAk; cz;Nlh? rpwg;Gkpf;f

Mz;lif egpapd; Kd;dHr; nrhd;d nrhy;iy khw;wptpl;L

kwe;jpUe;jhy; ehd; tupg;Gyp tha;g;gl;L ,wg;gNj fjpahFk;. NtW

,Ug;gjw;F ,lKk; cz;Nlh? vdNt tho;tjw;F vOk;

tpUg;gj;jpidf; iftply; Ntz;Lk;.

14.14. Ntldpd; kdkhw;wk; FUisAk; gpizAq; $b tUtJ Fwpj;J Nehf;fp

KUfyH Gaj;jhH ts;sd; Kfk;kJ kfpo;e;jd; ghf

tpUSW kdj;j dhd Ntlid apdpJ $tp

nahUgpizf; fpuz;Ld; ghypy; tUtnjd; Wiuj;jpl; lhuhy;.

khDk; mjd; fd;Wk; NrHe;J tUtjid egpfs; ngUkhd;

fz;L kfpo;e;J md;NghL ,Us; nfhz;l kdj;jhdhfpa Ntlidf;

$tpaioj;J> xU gpizf;F ,uz;lhf cd;dplk; tUfpd;wd ghH

vd;Wiuj;jhH.

14.15. khidg; Nghw;wpa khdpld; ngWfjp epd;dhw; ngw;Nwd; ngUk;gtq; fise;Njd; khwhj;

njWnfhiy tpisj;J Kd;dQ; nra;njhop wtpo;j;Nj dPA

kWfiy nawpe;J NjW k;df;fiy nahLfd; NwhL

KWfiy aplj;jpw; Ngha;r;NrHe; njhOfiy Kay;jp

nad;whd;

240

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;




mjidf; Nfl;L Ntld; tpag;ghf Nehf;Fk;NghJ> Kd; te;j

khDk; mjd; fd;Wk; egpfs; ghjj;jpy; gzpe;jd. gpd;dHg;

ngz;khdhdJ tzf;fk; $wpg; ghtp vdf;fhf Ntl;LtDf;Fj;

jq;fisNa gpizahf;fpdPH! ,g;NghJ kPl;lUs Ntz;Lk; vd;wJ.

,t;thW gf;fj;jpy; te;J ngz;khd; $w> Kfk;kJ egp Ntlid

mUfpy; mioj;J mtw;wpd; gz;gpidr; Rl;bf;fhl;b> eP ek;Kila

gpizia tpl;Ltpl;L> jdJ grpapidj; jPHj;Jf; nfhz;L ngUefupid

milf! vd;whH. NtlDk; jhd; tPL ngw;Nwd;@ tho;e;Njd; vd;W mtH

ghjj;jpy; tPo;e;jhd;. gpd;dH mt;Ntld; gpizia Nehf;fp cd;dhy;

kdpj tho;tpy; ngwf;$ba caHe;j fjpapidg; ngw;Nwd;. gpwtp

Nehiaf; fise;Njd;. khwhj nfhiyg;ghtj;ij tpisj;J> Kd;G ehd;

nra;j Ntl;Ltj; njhopiyj; jtpHj;Njd;. ePAk; kdk; kWFjiy tpl;Lf;

fd;NwhL ce;jd; fiykhdplj;Nj nrd;W ey;nyhOf;fg;gb tho;thahf

vd;whd;.

14.16. $l;lj;ijr; nrd;wile;j khd; thdtH guTq; Nfhkhd; Kfk;kJ khid Nehf;fpf;

fhdfQ; nrd;dP nad;whH fkynkd; gjj;jpw; who;e;J

jPdpiyf; Fupa Ntld; wd;idAe; jpUe;jg; Nghw;wp

ehdpyk; Gfyg; ghup dle;jpdQ; NrHe;j jd;Nw.

thdfk; tzq;Ffpd;w jiytuhfpa Kfk;kJTk; khid

Nehf;fp> eP cd; fhl;Lf;Fr; nry;thahf vd;whH. clNd me;jkhDk;

mtUila nkd;ikahd jhkiug; ghjq;fis tzq;fp> jPdpiyf;F

cupatdhf khwpa NtlidAk; jpUj;jKwg; Nghw;wp> ehdpyj;jhUk;

mjd; ngUik NgRk;gb epyj;jpy; ele;J jd; $l;lj;ijr;

nrd;wile;jJ.

14.17. njhFj;Jf; fhz;Nghk; egpfs; ehafk; khdpd; kPJ fhl;ba md;gpid ehk; ,q;Nf

fz;Nlhk.; NkYk; khd; %yk; MwwpT gilj;j Ntld; kdk; khwpa

ghq;fpidAk; ehk; ,q;Nf fz;Nlhk.;;

14.18. Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; 1. egpfs; ehafj;jpd; capHf; fUizia tpsf;Ff

2. Ntldpd; kdepiyia jha; khd; vt;thW khw;wpaJ 3. khDf;F gpiz epd;w glyk; fhl;Lk; ,];yhk; rkar;

nra;jpfisj; jUf

14.19. NkYk; gapy;tjw;fhd E}y; 1. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ghfk; - 1 Nf.gp. nra;Fj;jk;gp ghtyu; ciu>

jpuPnak; ntspaPl;lhsu;fs;> nrd;id - 1

241


fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Fwpg;Gfs;

njhiyepiyf; fy;tp ,af;ffk; ,sq;fiy ,yf;fpak; - (gp.ypl;.) ,uz;lhkhz;L - %d;whk; gUtk; jhs; - 10734 - fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;

gFjp – m (10 x 2 =20) kjpg;ngz;:75 Neuk;: 3 kzp midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; XhpU thh;j;ijfspy; tpilaspf;f. 1.rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; flTs; tho;j;jpy; Nghw;wg;gLNthH ahtH?

2.rpyk;Gs: nfhz;k; - ahH ahuplk; $wpaJ?

3.fz;zfpia milf;fykhfg; ngw;NwhH ahtH?

4.Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; fz;zfpf;Fr; rpiy tbf;f vq;fpUe;J fy; nfhzHe;jhd;?

5.rPtfd; kze;j jf;f ehl;ilr; NrHe;j ngz;zpd; ngaH vd;d?

6.ifNfap Nfl;l ,U tuq;fs; ahit?

7.g+ryhH ve;j Ciur; NrHe;jtH?

8.Njk;ghtzpapd; MrpupaH ahH?

9.ckWg;GytHahUila Mjutpdhy; rPwhg;Guhzj;ij vOjp

Kbj;jhH?

10.Ntldpd; kdk; khwf; fhuzk; vd;d? gFjp – M (5x5=25)

xU gf;f mstpy; tpil jUf. 11.(m)fz;zfpia ,sq;Nfhtbfs; vt;thW mwpKfk; nra;fpwhH?

(my;yJ) (M) fz;zfpapd; ,uz;lhk; klypy; cs;s nra;jpfs; ahit?

12.(m) Nfkrupahu; gw;wpr; Nrhjplh; $wpad ahit? (my;yJ)

(M) jf;f ehl;bd; vopiyg; Gyg;gLj;Jf. 13.(m) gujd; ifNfaiag; ghHj;Jf; $wpad ahit?

(my;yJ) (M) ifNfap Vd; kdk; khwpdhs;?;

14.(m) ngupaGuhzk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf. (my;yJ)

(M) tPukhKdptupd; jkpo;j; njhz;bid tptupf;f. 15.(m) rPwhg;Guhzj;jpd; Ehy; mikg;gpidf; fhl;Lf.

(my;yJ) (M) khDf;F NeHe;j Jauk; ahJ?

gFjp - , (3x10=30) vitNDk; %d;W tpdhf;fSf;Ff; fl;Liu tbtpy; tpilaspf;f. 16. fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdj;jpd; efu mikg;gpidf; fhl;Lf. 17. rPtfd; KdptHf;F ciuj;j rkar; nra;jpfisj; jUf. 18. g+ryhH ehadhupd; gf;jp jpwj;ijf; fhl;Lf. 19. egpngUkhd; mtHfs; khDf;F gpiz epd;w epfo;it tpsf;Ff. 20. ghiy epyj;jpd; ,ay;Gfis tptupf;f.

அழகப்பா பல்கலைக்கழகம் - Alagappa University

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Transcript of அழகப்பா பல்கலைக்கழகம் - Alagappa University