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Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L

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m~wPcÎ welq c„ôv ============================================= Abyev`‡Ki wb‡e`b 09 cÖKvk‡Ki K_v 11 cªviw¤¢Kv 13 ‡h wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv 15 Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi Bmjvgx weavb 15 ¯’vqx Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ 16 mvgwqK Rb¥weiZxKiY c×wZ 17 ‡h mKj Ae¯’vq Rb¥wbqš¿Y Rv‡qR 22 we‡e‡Ki wePv‡i Rb¥ wbqš¿Y 28 Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi ˆ`wnK ¶wZ 33 `v¤úZ¨ m¤ú‡K©i Dci Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi weiƒc cÖfv 36 Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi ì“YPvwiwÎK wech©q 36 RvZxq I mvgMÖxK fv‡e Gi ¶wZKviK cÖfve 38 RbmsL¨v e„w× I g¨vj_v‡mi wPš—vaviv 40 KzìwZfv‡e e„w× 47 bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb 49 cvwK¯—v‡bi RbmsL¨vi welqwU 51 AwfÁZv wK e‡j? 53 ‡h †kªYxi gvbyl Zzjbvi evB‡i 54 e¨vcK fv‡e Zvjv‡Ki cÖPjb 57 Rb¥nvi n«vm cvIqv 57 Aev` †hŠbvPvi I e¨vcK †hŠb‡ivM 61 Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³v‡ì `jxjvw` 62 GKUv fy‡ji Aemvb 67 Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi c‡¶i hyw³ I Zvi Ac‡bv`b 71 Av‡iKwU hyw³ 75 `vi“YweKí eë¯’v 76 Rxeb hvc‡bi eZ©gvb aviv ms‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e 77 Bmjv‡gi Rxeb hvcb bxwZ 80 Drcv`b e„w× Kiv 82 Drcvw`Z dm‡ji h_vh_ msi¶Y 83 m¤ú‡ì myôe›Ub 85 RbmsL¨v I AvqZ‡bi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨Zv 86

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Abyev`‡Ki wb‡e`b

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Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 12

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Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 13 vlRbK g‡b nqwb weavq Ge¨vcv‡i kª‡×q AveŸvRv‡bi wbKU Aby‡iva Kijvg| wZwb kZ e¨¯—Zv m‡ZÏ G Aa¨vqUv wb‡RB wj‡L w`‡jb| hvi Øviv GB wKZve Lvbv cvVK‡ì Rb¨ AviI A‡bK †ekx DcKvix n‡q‡Mj| Avjnvg ywjj−vn&! GQvov Ab¨vbœ mKj Aa¨v‡qi g~jwelq e ‘Uv mnR fvlvq eySvi †¶‡Î hZUyKz †gnbZ Kivi ìKvi wQj Zv Avwg K‡iwQ| Avi Avjnvg ywjj−vn&! GB K_vUv me© v gv_vq †i‡L mvg‡b AMÖmi n‡qwQ hv‡Z K‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kvb cÖKvi c¶cvwZZ¡ bv G‡m hvq| GKUv gZev` Kv‡qg K‡i Gi c‡¶ `jxj Kv‡qg Kiv nqwb eis `jxj ¸wj Aa¨vqb K‡i Gi wfwË‡ZB g~j welqUvi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~ax cvVK‡ì wbKUI GB Aby‡iva _vK‡e †h AvcbvivI GB wKZvewU Gfv‡e co‡eb †hfv‡e Avwg GB wel‡qi Ab¨vb¨ wKZve c‡o _vwK| A_v©r c~e©‡_‡KB †Kvb wPš—vaviv wVK K‡i mvg‡b Pjv bq eis wKZv‡e hv Av‡Q †mUvB wPš—v †PZbvq ’vb‡`qv GKev‡i wbi‡c¶fv‡e| †hgbUv GKRb mZ¨vbymÜvbx e¨w³ K‡i _v‡K, Gfv‡e Aa¨qb Ki‡eb| GZ`m‡ZÏ hw` †jLvq †Kvb fyj aiv c‡o A_ev †Kvb welq wecixZ g‡b nq Zvn‡j Avgv‡K Rvbv‡j K…ZÁ ne, mZÜv MÖnY Ki‡Z KL‡bv †Kvb wØav †bB| Ges †Kvb ms‡KvP †eva KwiYv| cwi‡k‡l H mKj myü` eÜz‡ì Aš—‡ii Aš— ’j n‡Z ïKwiqv Av`vq KiwQ hvuiv Avgvi GB ÒcÖ_g iPbvÓ †K myweb¨ — Ki‡Z Kvh©‡¶‡ÎI mycivgk© cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g mwVKfv‡e mn‡hvMxZv K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i kª‡×q eo fvB Rbve gvIt gynv¤§` idx Dmgvbx Gi K_v bv ej‡jB bq| Avi gnv gwng Avj−vn& ZvÕqvjvi ïKwiqv †Zv Av`vq Kivi †Kvb fvlvB Rvbv †bB whwb Avgvi gZ GK RxY©kxY© ¶z ª gvby‡li Dci GZ eo †g‡nievbx K‡i‡Qb| Zvui Kv‡QB cÖv_©bv †h GB Dëvcvëv (!) evK¨ ¸wj‡K Keyj K‡iY| Avi cvVK‡ì Rb¨ Zv DcKvwi K‡i †`b| ÒAgv hvÕwjKv AvjvBwn we Avhxh|Ó ‡gvt ZvKx Dmgvbx 14, Rvbyqvix -1961 Bs 871, Mv‡W©b Bó KivwP|


wemwgj−vwni ingvwbi inxg

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Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi Bmjvgx weavb Bmjvwg kwiq‡Zi cÖavb wfwË n‡jv cweÎ †KviAvb kixd Ges wcÖq bex mvt) Gi cweÎ gyL wbm„Z evYx Z_v Avj-nv`xm| Rb¥ wbqš¿Y †Kvb wbZ¨ bZzb welq bq| eis wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z wewfbœ fv‡e me©hy‡M me©©‡`‡kB Gi cÖPjb j¶bxq| beex hy‡M Z_v †KviAvb bvwh‡ji hy‡MI Gi wewfbœ w`K wewfbœ KviY I D‡Ï‡kï wfwË‡Z

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 15 Av‡jvPbvq Av‡m| ivm~j (mvt) Gi mvg‡b wewfbœ mgq Ge¨cv‡i cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wZwb cweÎ Rev‡b Gi my›ì mgvavb cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| GKRb gymjgvb Zvui hveZxq mgm¨vi mgvavb PvB‡j GUvB Gi h_vZ© mgvavb| Gi Av‡jv‡KB †Kvb wel‡qi kiqx w`K wbY©q n‡Z cv‡i| cweÎ †KviAvb I nv`xm Mfxi fv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡j D³ welqUvi `yBwU w`K mvg‡b Av‡m| 1) GKwU n‡jv Ò¯’vqx Rb¥ wbqš¿YÓ| A_©vr †Kvb Ggb c×wZ Aej¤^b

Kiv hvi Øviv mviv Rxe‡bi Rb¨ †jvKwU cÖRbb ¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j|

2) wØZxqwU n‡jv ÒmvgwqK Rb¥ weiwZKiY|Ó A_v©r gvby‡li g‡a¨ cÖRbb ¶gZv envj _vKv m‡ZÏ Ggb c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv hvi Øviv mš—vb Rb¥v‡bv mvgwqKfv‡e evav cÖvß nq| Avgiv GB DfqUv wel‡qi †¶‡Î †KviAvb nv`xm Gi e¨vL¨v wek`fv‡e Zz‡j aiwQ hv‡Z gvmAvjvUv eyS‡ZI Gi djvdj †ei Ki‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni AeKvk bv _v‡K|

¯’vqx Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ Gi †h c×wZ beex hy‡M cÖPwjZ wQj Zv n‡jv Ò BL‡ZmvÓ Z_v cyi“l ¯^xq AÊ‡Kvl KZ©Y K‡i †d‡j w`‡q †hŠb kw³‡K wPiZ‡i wejywß K‡i †`qv|1 Ge¨vcv‡i nv`xm kix‡d K‡qKwU cÖ‡kœi K_v D‡j−L Kiv

1 AvaywbK hy‡M ’vqxRb¥ wbqš¿b Gi Av‡iv A‡bK c×wZ †ei n‡q‡Q, †hgb : 1| bvix eÜ¨vKiY 2| cyi“l eÜ¨vKiY| * ‡f‡mKUwg ev cyi“l eÜ¨vKiY : cyi“‡li AÊ‡Kv‡li iM †K‡U Zvi ex©‡hi Kvh©KvwiZv bó K‡i †Ìqv nq| G‡Z Rxe‡b Avi ex‡h©i Kvh©KvwiZv wd‡i cvIqv hvq bv| * jvB‡Mkb ev bvix eÜ¨vKiY: GwU bvix‡ì †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨| bvix‡ì Rivqy n‡Z ïµvby I wW¤^vbyi ms‡hvM wUIewU †K‡U †d‡j †`qv| G‡Z ïµvby, Rivqy‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki c_ wPiZ‡i eÜ n‡q hvq| Ges mš—vb avi‡bi m¤¢vebv/ Avkv I wPiZ‡i †kl n‡q hvq|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 16 n‡q‡Q| hv ìev‡i beex‡Z DÌ¨vwcZ n‡qwQj| Gi GKwU NUbv Qnxn eyLvix‡Z Òevey gv q~Kivû wgbvËvevËz‡j Iqvj wLmvÓ Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| nhiZ Ave`yj−v web gvmD` (ivt) e‡jb †h, Avgiv ivm~j (mvt) Gi mv‡_ wRnv‡` †hZvg, †hŠe‡bi Zvobvq †hŠb D‡ËRbv Avgv‡ì‡K Lye †c‡ikvb KiZ Avi GRb¨ Avgiv ivm~j (mvt) Gi wbKU ÔGL‡ZmvÕ Z_v AÊ‡Kvl †K‡U †djvi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv Kijvg hv‡Z GB Sv‡gjv †_‡K gy³ n‡q cy‡ivcywi wRnv‡` g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cvwi| ivm~j (mvt) Avgv‡ì‡K Gi †_‡K K‡Vvifv‡e eviY Ki‡jb| Avi GB KvR nvivg nIqvi e¨vcv‡i cweÎ †KviAv‡bi GB AvqvZ wZjIqvZ Ki‡jb| Ò ‡n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv gnvb Avj−vn KZ…K †m mKj

cweÎ e¯‘ mg~n‡K wb‡Ri Dci nvivg K‡ivbv ‡h ¸wj wZwb †Zvgv‡ì Dci nvjvj K‡i‡Qb, Avi mxgvjsNb K‡ivbv, †Kbbv Avj−vn mxgvjsNbKvix‡ì cQ›` K‡iY bv|Ó D³ Av‡jvPbvi Øviv GUv Rvbv‡Mj †h Ggb †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤b Kiv hvi Øviv †hŠb Pvwn`v wPiZ‡i wejywß n‡q hvq,Zv bv Rv‡qR I nvivg, PvB G‡Z hZ iKg DcKvwiZvi K_vB ejv †nvKbv †Kb, Avj −vgv eì“Ïxb AvBbx (ivnt) eyLvix kix‡di e¨vL¨vq D‡j− L K‡iY | A_©vr ’vqx Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv me© m¤§wZµ‡g nvivg|

mvgqxK Rb¥ weiZxKiY c×wZ

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we¯—vwiZ weeiY : 1| Wv‡qd«vg ev †ckix : ¯¿xi †hŠb Bw›`ª‡q eënv‡ii Rb¨ GK ai‡bi Lvc we‡kl|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 17 c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv hvi Øviv cÖRbb Dcv`vb (exh©) Rivq~‡Z †cuŠQ‡Z bv cv‡i ‡m c×wZ cyi“l Aej¤^b Ki“K A_ev bvix| GB Dfq c×wZ cÖPxb Kvj †_‡KB cÖPwjZ| †Kvb †Kvb mvnvev KZ©…K we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb g~û‡Z© GgbUv Kivi cÖgvb cvIqv hvq| Avi ivm~j (mvt) Ge¨vcv‡i †h w`K wb‡ ©kbv cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| Zv wQj Ggb †h GUv †h m¤ú~Y© wb‡la ZvI eySv hvq bv| Avevi m¤ú~Y© Rv‡qR nIqviI D‡j−L cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e GZUyKz eySv hvq †h ivm~j (mvt) GB KvRUv‡K AZ¨š— AcQ›` Ki‡Zb| GB Rb¨ c~e©eZx© BgvgM‡Yi g‡a¨ Ge¨vcv‡i wewfbœ gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv hvq| †KD GUv‡K bvRv‡qR g‡b Ki‡Zb| Avevi †KD e‡jb †h GB KvRUv Avm‡j bvRv‡qR Z‡e we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î Zv 2| KbWg : cyi“lv‡½ eënv‡ii Rb¨ GK ai‡Yi c −vwó‡Ki Lvc we‡kl| 3| wcj †meb : evwbwR¨K fv‡e mieivnK„Z wewfbœ ai‡bi ewUKv ev wcj Rb¥ wb‡iv‡ai Rb¨ ‡meb Kiv nq| Z‡e we‡klÁ wPwKrmKM‡bi g‡Z, G RvZxq wcj ev ewo †me‡bi Øviv bvix †`‡n gvivZœK þwZi cÖgvb cvIqv †M‡Q| †hgb : †mŠ›`h© webó n‡q hvIqv, kixi dz‡j †gvUv n‡q hvIqv, gv_vi Pzj c‡o hvIqv, GgbwK gwnjv‡ì `vuwo †Muvd MRv‡bvi cÖej AvksKv i‡q‡Q| 4| wbivc` mg‡q ¿x m‡¤¢vM : ¿xi FZz Avi¤¢ nIqvi cÖvq 8 w`b cy‡©e ¿xi mv‡_ mnevm Ki‡j mš—vb avi‡bi †Zgb GKUv m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv| GUvB ¯^vfvweK c×wZ| G‡Z AvaywbK †Kvb c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z nqbv& GUv‡KB wbivc` mgq ejv nq| 5| c −vwóK c`©v ms‡hvRb : †g‡q‡ì Mf©vk‡qi Dci c ©v RvZxq wKQz Av‡ivc Kiv ev c−vwóK K‡qj ms‡hvM K‡i †`qv| hv‡Z K‡i K‡hK eQi ch©š— ïµ wW¤^vk‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| Ges mš—vb aviY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| 6| I.V.D bi‡d¬›U : gwnjv‡ì evû‡Z ‡gqv` wfwËK wbav©wiZ wKQz KvwV RvZxq e¯‘y Acv‡ik‡bi gva¨‡g †i‡L †Ìqv, †gqv` †k‡l Zv †ei K‡i †bqv| 7| wWcy : Rb¥ wb‡iv‡ai D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZ wZb gvm Aš—iš—i gwnjv‡ì nv‡Z B‡b&RKkb cyk Kiv| hv‡Z G wZb gv‡mi †fZi bvix Aš—Z AbmË¡v n‡Z bv cv‡i| 8| M R : GK ai‡bi wUDe ( †gvUv wmwiÄ) BD‡iUv‡mi wfZi cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Zvi gva¨‡g wW¤vby I ïµvby‡K †ei K‡i †`qv nq GwU‡K M R ejv nq| Avi Zv mvaviYZ Aš—mË¡v nIqvi 2 gvm c‡bi w`‡bi wfZi Ki‡Z nq| 9| †Rwjd©g : m½‡gi c~‡©e BD‡Uiv‡mi wfZ‡i †Rwji b¨vq GK ai‡bi Zij c`v©_ ivLv nq|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 18 Rv‡qR Av‡Q| hw` †Kvb Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv Aek¨B bv Rv‡qR n‡e| Ge¨vcv‡i nv`x‡mi fvl¨ GB 1) nhiZ Avey mvC` Lyìx (ivt) e‡jb †h Avwg Avgvi evu`xi mv‡_ ÒAvhjÓ Ki‡Z PvBjvg A_v©r mvgwqK Rb¥ weiwZKiY c×wZ Aej¤b KiZt m½g Ki‡Z PvBjvg| (hv‡Z N‡ii KvR Ki‡Z Zvi †Kvb Sv‡gjv bv _v‡K) wKš‘! wcÖq bexwR (mvt) †K bv Rvwb‡q GgbUv Ki‡Z gb Pvw”Qjbv ZvB bexwR (mvt) †K wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb DË‡i ej‡jb:- A_v©r Zzwg hw` ÒAvhjÓ bv Ki Zvn‡j G‡Z †Kvb ¶wZbvB †Kbbv, wKqvgZ ch©š— hZ gvbe mš—vb †hfv‡e †hfv‡e Avmvi wm×vš— n‡q Av‡Q Zv †Zv ev¯—evqb n‡qB _vK‡e| (eyLvix gymjxg)| 2) GB Avey mvC` Lyìx (ivt) GiY Av‡iKUv eY©bv †h wZwb ivm~j (mvt) Gi wbKU Avhj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wZwb e‡jb:- A_v©r me exh© †_‡K †Zv Avi mš—vb Rb¥ †bq bv| Avj−vn& ZvÕqvjv hLb KvD‡K m„wó Ki‡Z Pvb ZLb †Kvb kw³B Zv‡K evav w`‡Z cv‡i bv| (wgkKvZ -gymjxg) ‡gvU K_v n‡jv †h exh© †_‡K †Kvb gvbe mš—vb †K Avj −vn Zvqvjv m„wó Kivi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i †i‡L‡Qb †mUv Aek¨B Zvi h_v¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q mš—vb Rb¥ wb‡e| †Zvgiv hZB evnvbv Ki jvf n‡e bv| 3) nhiZ Rv‡ei (ivt) e‡jb †h, GK e¨w³ ivm~j (mvt) Gi †L`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q ejj:- Avgvi GKwU evu`x Av‡Q †m N‡ii me KvR K‡i| Avwg Avgvi ˆRweK Pvwn`vUvI Zvi †_‡K c~iY Kwi Avi GUvI PvB †h Zvi (M‡f©)†c‡U †Kvb mš—vb †hb bv Av‡m (hv‡Z †m N‡ii KvR Sv‡gjv gy³ fv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i) ivm~j (mvt) ej‡jb ÒwVK Av‡Q Zzwg Zvi mv‡_ ÔAvhjÕ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Ki‡Z cvi, Z‡e g‡b †iL Zvi †cU †_‡K †h mš—vb nIqv Avj−vn Zvqvjv wba©viY K‡i †i‡L‡Qb Zv Aek¨B Rb¥ wb‡e| wKQz w`b ci H e¨w³ ivm~j (mvt) Gi ìev‡i G‡m ej‡Z jvMj Bqv ivmyjvj−vn! H evu`x ÔAvhjÕ Kiv m‡Z¡I Mf©ewZ n‡q ‡M‡Q| ivm~j (mvt) e‡jb †h Avwg †Zv Av‡MB e‡j wQjvg †h, ‡h ev”Pv †bIqvi welqwU fv‡M¨ †jLv Av‡Q †mUv Aek¨B n‡e|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 19 4) nhiZ mvÕ` Be‡b Avwe Iqv°vm (ivt) e‡jb †h GK e¨w³ ivm~j (mvt) Gi wbK‡U G‡m ejj †h, Avwg Avgvi ¯¿xi mv‡_ Avhj Kwi, ivmyj (mvt) ej‡jb †Kb ? Zzwg GgbUv Ki‡Z hvI †Kb ? †jvKwU ejjt Avgvi GKwU ev”Pv Av‡Q hv‡K †m ya cvb Kivq, GLb hw` Avevi †m Mf©ewZ n‡q hvq Zvn‡j †Zv GB ev”PvUvi Kó n‡e, ya cv‡e bv| ivm~j (mvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb †h cvim¨ I ‡ivg †`‡ki †jv‡Kiv †Zv Ggb K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡ì ev”Pv‡ì‡Zv †Kvb mgm¨v nqbv! (gymwjg) GB PviwU nvw`m Øviv Rvbv ‡Mj ivm~j (mt) GB KvRwU‡K cQ›` K‡iY bvB Z‡e ¯úófv‡e wb‡laI Ki‡jb bv| 5) nhiZ Rv‡ei (ivt) n‡Z Av‡iKwU eY©bv Av‡Q wZwb e‡jb †h, Avgiv †m mgq Avhj KiZvg †h mgq †KviAvb bvwhj nZ| Avhj Kiv hw` bvRv‡qR nZ Zvn‡j †KviAv‡b Ge¨vcv‡i †Kvb ¯úó wb‡lavÁv AvmZ| †h‡nZz Ge¨vcv‡i †Kvb wb‡lavÁv Av‡m bvB Zvn‡j eySv‡Mj GB KvRUv Rv‡qR Av‡Q| GB nv`xm eyLvix gymjxg Dfq wKZv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| gymwjg kix‡d GK_vI D‡j¨L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Avgv‡ì Avhj Kivi welqwU ivm~j (mvt) Rvb‡Zb wKš‘ wZwb Zv wb‡la K‡iYwb| 6) wKš‘ Ryhvgv web‡Z Iqvnve n‡Z ewY©Z nv`xm hv gymwjg kix‡d ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, G‡Z Av‡Q wKQz †jvK ivm~j (mvt)†_‡K Avhj Gi e¨vcv‡i Rvb‡Z PvB‡j ivm~j (mvt) ej‡jb †h,ÒGUv‡Zv n‡jv Iqv‡` Lwd Z_v mš—vb‡K nZ¨vK‡i †djvi m~¶ cš’vi Aš—f©y³| hvi e¨vcv‡i cweÎ †KviAv‡b Avj−vn ZvÕqvjv e‡jb †h w`b (nvk‡i) cÖkœ Kiv n‡e mš—vb‡ì RxweZ Ae¯’vq`vdb K‡i †`qvi e¨vcv‡i|Ó (†gkKvZ 27) GB †kl nv`x‡m ¯úófv‡e GB Kv‡Ri wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GUv †h nvivg Zv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GB KvR‡K mš—vb nZ¨vi gZ RNb¨ Aciv‡ai Aš—f~©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q | nv`x‡mi †klvs‡k ivm~j (mvt) AviI e‡j‡Qb ÒGgb RNb¨ KvR gymjgvbiv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv Avwg fve‡ZI cvwiwb|Ó (dvZûj Kv`xi)

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 20 7) wKš‘ Gi wecixZ nv`xm I nhiZ Rv‡ei (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Avi Zv n‡jv, wZwb e‡jb †h ÒAvwg ivm~j (mvt) Gi wbKU Rvb‡Z PvBjvg †h Avgiv Avgv‡ì evu`x‡ì mv‡_ Avhj KiZvg wKš‘ KwZcq Bqvû`x Avgv‡ì ejj †h GUv mš—vb‡K nZ¨v Kivi †QvU cš’v| ivm~j (mvt) Zv ï‡b e‡jb †h H Bû`x f~j e‡j‡Q| †Kbbv Avj −vn Zvqvjv hLb †Kvb gvbe mš—vb‡K m„wó Ki‡Z Pvb ZLb G‡K †KD evav †`qvi ¶gZv iv‡Lbv| (wZiwgwh)| evwn¨Kfv‡e GB nv`xm nhiZ Ryhvgv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡mi wecixZ g‡b nq †mLv‡b †Zv ivm~j (mt) wb‡RB Avhj Kiv‡K ÔIqv‡` LwdÕ e‡j‡Qb, Avi GLv‡b Bqvû`xi K_v‡K fyj e‡j‡Qb| Avm‡j GB `yBUvi g‡a¨ †Zgb †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| KviY Bqvû`x GUv‡K mš—vb Rxeš— `vdb K‡i †`qvi GK cÖKvi wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Qb| Z‡e cv_©K¨ †Kej †QvU eo wn‡m‡e| A_©vr †KviAv‡b ewY©Z ÔIqv‡` LwdÕ Gi g‡a¨ Rxeš— `vdb Kivi welqUv eo `vdb wn‡m‡e aiv n‡”Q| Avhj Kiv‡K †QvU `vdb wn‡m‡e aiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ivm~j (mvt) Avhj Kiv‡K mš—vb Rxeš— `vdb Kiv wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡iYwb| eis ÔIqv‡` LwdÕ e‡j GB K_vi w`‡K BswMZ K‡i‡Qb †h hwÌ Avhj Kiv evwn¨Kfv‡e mš—vb‡K Rxeš— `vdb Kiv eySvqbv| wKš‘ †m hy‡M †h Kvi‡b (`vwi`ªZvi f‡q) gvbyl wbR mš—vb‡K Rxeš— `vdb K‡i †djZ G hy‡MI hw` †KD Avhj ev Rb¥ wbqš¿Y GB D‡Ï‡k¨ (`vwi ªZvi f‡q) K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi I mš—vb `vdb K‡i †djvi mgvb ¸bvn n‡e| Zvn‡j †`Lv †Mj nhiZ Ryhvgv (ivt) Gi eY©bv wcQ‡bi Ab¨ †Kvb nv`x‡mi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K _vK‡jv bv| Z_vwc wKQz êcwiË j¶¨bxq,†Kbbv GB nv`x‡m Avhj Kiv‡K ¯úó wb‡la K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ Ab¨ †Kvb nv`x‡m GZ ¯úófv‡e wb‡la Kiv nqwb| GLb GB Dfq cÖKvi eY©bv‡K (Avhj Rv‡qR nIqv A_ev bvRv‡qR nIqvi) GKÎ K‡i Gi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK we‡iva wbimb K‡í cÖL¨vZ n°vbx DjvgvMY wewfbœ AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Z¤§‡a¨ me©vwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ gZvgZwU n‡jv GB †h,nhiZ Ryhvgv (ivt) Gi ewY©Z nv`xm Øviv Avhj Kiv

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 21 gvKi“n eySv hvq| Avi Ab¨ me eY©bvg‡Z Avhj Kiv Rv‡qR eySv hvq| GLb me nv`xm GKÎ Ki‡j †h wbR©vm †ei nq Zvn‡jv Avhj Z_v me ai‡bi mvgwqK Rb¥ weiwZKiY c×wZ MÖnY Kiv hwÌ Rv‡qR Z‡e Aek¨B gvKi“n Z_v wcÖq ivm~j (mvt) Gi Kv‡Q AMÖnY‡hvM¨ I AcQ›`bxq KvR| Gi ¯^c‡¶ `jxjI i‡q‡Q †Kbbv Avhj Rv‡qR nIqvi hZ ¸wj eY©bv D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv me¸‡jvi mviK_v GUvB †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Avhj Kivi cÖwZ ivm~j (mt) KvD‡K Drmvn †Zv cÖ`vb K‡iYwb eis AcQ›` I wbi“rmvwnZ nIqvi welqwU my¯úô j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q| Z‡e ¯úófv‡e wb‡laI Kiv nqwb| Gi mviK_v GUvB †ei nq †h Avhj Kiv Rv‡qR n‡jI Zv AcQ›`bxq †Zv e‡UB| Avi nhiZ Ryhvgv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xm I GK_vi cÖgvY enb K‡i †h Avhj Kiv gvKi“n †Kbbv exh©cvZ Kiv‡K ev¯—‡e gvbe mš—vb nZ¨vi mgvb Aciva wKQz‡ZB wba©viY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iYv| ev¯—‡e gvbyl nZ¨v Kiv nvivg n‡j, exh©cvZ K‡i mš—vb nIqv †_‡K weiZ ivLvi †Póv Kiv eo‡Rvi gvKi“n ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvnvev I Zv‡eCb‡ì GK wekvj RvgvZ GB g‡Zi c‡¶ wQ‡jb| Avj−vgv eÏi“Ïxb AvCbx (ivnt) eyLvix kix‡di e¨vL¨v MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb ÒmvgwqK Rb¥weiwZKiY c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv‡K nhiZ Avey eKi (ivt) nhiZ Igi (ivt) nhiZ Dmgvb (ivt) nhiZ Avjx (ivt) nhiZ Be‡b Igi (ivt) nhiZ Avey Dgvgv (ivt) cÖgyL mvnvevMY gvKi“n e‡j‡Qb| Zv‡eCbM‡Yi g‡a¨ nhiZ Beªvnxg bvLC, mv‡jg Be‡b Ave`yj −vn, AvmIqv` Be‡b Bqvwh` Ges ZvDm (ivnt) e‡jb †h Avhj Kiv gvKi“n| GmKj nv`xm Gi eY©bv †`Lvi ci AwaKvsk dKxnMY I GBgZ †cvlb K‡i‡Qb †h Avhj Kiv gvKi“n| †hgbUv dvZûj °v`xi ivÏyj gynZvi, BnqvDj Djyg cÖg~L MÖ‡š’ ¯úó †jLv Av‡Q|


‡h mKj Ae¯’vq Rb¥wbqš¿Y Rv‡qR !

Z‡e n¨vu †Kvb ai‡Yi AcivMZv I we‡kl Amyweav _vK‡j †mUv wfbœ K_v ZLb †mB cÖ‡qvR‡bi Kvi‡Y gvKi“nUv Rv‡qR n‡q hv‡e| hvi we¯—vwiZ weeiY dZzqv kvgx‡Z D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| †hgb †Kvb gwnjv hw` GZ ~e©j nq †h Mf©avi‡Yi ¶gZv Zvi bvB| A_ev ~i †`‡ki md‡i Av‡Q A_ev Ggb †Kv_vI Av‡Q †hLv‡b †ewkw`b _vKvi B”Qv †bB †mLv‡b Zviv mš—vb aviY Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qbv A_ev ¯^vgx ¯¿xi g‡a¨ hw` g‡bvgvwjb¨Zv †`Lv †`q, `v¤úZ¨ Rxeb †f‡½ hvIqvi Dcµg nq| Zvn‡j GmKj e¨w³MZ AcviMZvi wfwË‡Z †m mKj e¨w³ we‡k‡li Rb¨ mvgwqK Rb¥ weiwZKiY c×wZ Aej¤b Kivi AbygwZ Av‡Q| GmKj mgm¨v `~i n‡q †M‡j Zv‡ì RbÏ Avi GUv Kiv Rv‡qR n‡ebv| Ggwbfv‡e me© mvavi‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK I ivóªxq fv‡e Gi e¨vcK cÖPjb K‡i †`qv Aek¨B gvKi“n n‡e hv eR©Yxq, wb‡la| GKwU K_v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †KD e¨w³MZ fv‡e †Kvb Ggb D‡Ï‡k¨ Rb¥ wbqš¿Y Kij hv Bmjvg cwicwš’| Zvn‡j Zvi GKvR wKQz‡ZB Rv‡qR n‡ebv| †hgb †KD g‡b Kij †h hw` Avgvi †g‡q nq Zvn‡j †jv‡K g›` ej‡e| †jvK mgv‡R gyL †`Lve wKfv‡e? GB Rb¨ †m Avhj BZ¨vw` Kij Zvn‡j Zvi GB KvR Rv‡qR n‡ebv| †Kbbv Zvi GB D‡Ïk¨ Amr, cweÎ †KviAv‡b G‡nb D‡Ïk¨‡K wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wZi¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ggwbfv‡e †KD hw` `vwi`ªZvi f‡q GgbUv K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi GBUvI Rv‡qR n‡ebv Zvi GB D‡Ïk¨ Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK weav‡bi cwicwš’| ‡gvU K_v, Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi ¯’vqx Ggb mKj c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv hvi Øviv cÖRbb ¶gZv G‡Kev‡i wejywß n‡q hvq, Avi †mUv cyi“l MÖnY Ki“K A_ev bvix, †Kvb Jla, Bb&‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g nDK A_ev Acv‡ikb A_ev GRvZxq †Kvb Ab¨ cš’v MÖnY Kiv wcÖq bexwR (mvt) Gi nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K m¤ú~Y© bv Rv‡qR I nvivg| Avi mvgwqK Rb¥


weiwZKiY c×wZ Aej¤b Kiv †hgb Avhj Kiv †Kvb Jla, †Ue‡jU, KbWg, Bb&‡RKkb †bqv A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb K…wÎg c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv †mUv e¨w³ we‡kl, †Kvb we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb I AcviMZvi g~û‡Z© †m cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Zv eënvi Kiv Rv‡qR Av‡Q| Z‡e †mUvI †Kvb Amr D‡Ï‡k †hb bv nq| wKš‘ ZvB e‡j GB c×wZ‡K mvgvwRK I ivóªxq fv‡e e¨vcK cÖmvi NUv‡bv Bmjvg cwicwš’ KvR| Avi GB c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv‡K †`k I RvwZi DbœwZ, cÖMwZi †mvcvb AvL¨vwqZ Kiv, †hUv‡K Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j (mvt) ‡Kvb RvwZ I †`‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKviK I AcQ›` K‡i‡Qb, wKQz‡ZB Rv‡qR n‡Z cv‡iYv| we‡kl K‡i GUv‡K GB Kvi‡Y hw` Kiv nq †h `vwi ªZv I A_©‰bwZK msKU †gvKv‡ejvq GUv weivU mnvqK n‡e| Zvn‡j Zv n‡e AviI `ytLRbK| †Kbbv wek¦Rvnv‡bi cÖwZcvjK Zvui mywbc~b `¶Zv I weP¶Y cÖwZcvjb ¶gZvq gvbyl mn mKj cÖvYxKy‡ji wiwR‡Ki `vwqZ¡ wbR nv‡Z wb‡q‡Qb Ges h_vh_ cvjb K‡i hv‡”Qb, GLv‡b Kv‡iv †Kvb `Lj ev mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡obv| ee©i hy‡M Avi‡ei †mB `vwi`ª †jvK¸‡jv hviv ¯’vqx Afve AbU‡bi f‡q wbR mš—vb‡ì‡K nZ¨v K‡i ‡djZ Zv‡ì †mB åvš— aviYv‡K LÊb Ki‡Z Avj−vn Zvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡jb †h †Zvgv‡ì GB KvR Avgvi Acvi ¶gZvi cÖwZ Ah_v m‡›`n †cvlY Ges Avgvi Kg©m~wPi Dci n¯—‡¶c e‡U| A_P Avwg †Zv ïay gvby‡li wiwR‡Ki h_vh_ eë¯’v Abvqv‡mB K‡i †i‡LwQ wbR `vwq‡Z¡| ÒGB wek¦ fygÊ‡j wePiYKvix Ggb †Kvb cÖvYx †bB hvi wiwh‡Ki `vwqZ¡fvi Avj −vni Dci b¨¯— †bB| wZwb GUvI Rv‡bb †h †Kvb cÖvYx KLb †Kv_vq _vK‡e ev hv‡e Ges †mLv‡b Zvi wiwh‡Ki eë¯’v wKfv‡e Kiv n‡e|Ó(myiv û`-6) GB Avqv‡Z Ges GB RvZxq A‡bK Avqv‡Z Avj−vn Zvqvjv ¯úó fv‡e e‡j w`‡q‡Qb †h wZwb hZ¸‡jv cÖvYx c„w_ex‡Z m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì mK‡ji wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj mvgMÖx h_v¯’v‡b h_vh_ fv‡e eë¯’v K‡i _v‡Kb| wZwb GI e‡jb †h hvi hvi wba©vwiZ wiwhK †m mv‡_ K‡i wb‡q †h‡Z n‡ebv| eis gnvb cÖfy wbR `vwq‡Z¡B ev›`vi

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 24 Mš—e¨¯’‡j ev›`v hvIqvi c~‡e©B Zv †mLv‡b †cŠ‡uQ w`‡q _v‡Kb| †m wiwhK ev›`v‡K †c‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z n‡ebv| Zuvi fvlvq A_©vr gnvb cÖfy cÖvYx‡ì ¯’vqx I eZ©gvb wVKvbv †hgwbfv‡e Rv‡bb wVK †Zgwbfv‡e cÖvYx‡ì A¯’vqx ev fwel¨‡Zi wVKvbvI Rv‡bb| Ges meLv‡bB Zv‡ì wiwhK h_vh_fv‡e †cŠu‡Q w`‡q _v‡Kb| Ab¨ GK Avqv‡Z Avj −vn Zvqvjv e‡jb ÒGgb †KD †bB hvi fvÊvi Avgvi Kv‡Q †bB| Avi Avwg Gi ‡_‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wiwhK AeZxY© K‡i _vwK|Ó (myiv wnRi-21)3

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3 †bvU : GQvovI Gi ¯^c‡¶¨ cweÎ KziAv‡bi A‡bK AvqvZ I `wjj i‡q‡Q, †hgb - 3) AvKvk I c„w_exi Pvwe Zvui Kv‡QB, wZwb hvi Rb¨ B”Qv wiwhK e„w× K‡ib,cwiwgZ K‡ib| wZwb me© wel‡q Ávbx| (myiv kyiv-12) 4) †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì mš—vb‡ì‡K `vwi`ªZvi f‡q nZ¨v K‡ivbv| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K wiwhK †`B Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡KI †`B| wbðB Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv ¸i“Zi cvc| (ewb Bmiv½j-31) 5) wbðq þwZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q Zviv| hviv wb‡R‡ì mš—vb‡ì‡K wbQK wb‡e©v‡ai b¨vq cÖgvb e¨Zx‡i‡K bv ey‡S nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Ges †h e¯‘ Avj−vncvK Zv‡ì‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv nvivg K‡i wb‡q‡Q| †Kej Avj−vni cÖwZ wg_¨v Av‡ivc K‡i| wbðqB Giv †Mvgivnx‡Z cwZZ n‡q‡Q Ges KL‡bv myc_Mvgx nqwb| (AvbAvg-140) 6) Avj−vni AwaKv‡i Av‡Q Avmgvb Rwg‡bi fvÛvi mg~n, wKš‘ gybv‡dKiv ey‡S bv| ( gybvwdKzb-7) 7) Zviv wK Rv‡b bv †h, Avj−vn hv‡K B”Qv cÖPzi RxweKv `vb K‡ib Ges hv‡K B”Qv msKxY© K‡i †`b| wbðq G‡Z eû wb`k©b i‡q‡Q gywgb‡ì Rb¨| (†ivg-37) 8) Avi A‡bK cÖvYx Ggb i‡q‡Q, hviv Avcb Lv`¨ `ªe¨ msMÖn K‡i iv‡L bv| Avj −vnB Zv‡ì RxweKv †cŠwQ‡q _v‡Kb Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡KI †cŠQuvb Ges wZwb me wKQz Rv‡bb Ges ï‡bb| ( AvbKveyZ-60)

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 25 †Kvb †LvR Lei wZwb iv‡Lb bv m„wóRxe w`b w`b evo‡Q wKš‘ †`k ev Avev` f~wg †Zv Av‡Mi gZB mxwgZ i‡q ‡M‡Q| Rxeb avi‡bi gZ mKj DcKiY‡Zv mxwgZ I ¯^í cwim‡iY i‡q ‡M‡Q| Gm‡ei †Kvb †LuvRLei mªóv bv †i‡L Lvwj m„wóRxe `ywbqv‡Z cvwV‡qB hv‡”Qb (bv DRywej −vn) Zvn‡j Zv gvivZ¡K Ab¨vq, gnvcvc, GgbwK CgvbI P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb †Zv Ggb `qvgq †h †Kvb cÖvYx `ywbqv‡Z Avmvi c~‡e©B Zvi _vKv LvIqvmn Rxeb DcKi‡Yi hveZxq eë¯’v mywbc~bfv‡e K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| gv‡qi M‡f© _vKvKvjxb Mf©bvjx‡Z Ges fywgó nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ gv‡qi ey‡K A‡jŠwKK fv‡e Zvi Lv‡`ï myeë¯’v K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| Gici †m w`b w`b hZ eo n‡”Q Zvi Pvwn`v Abymv‡i wewPÎ me Lv`¨ `ªe¨ Zvi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z K‡i hv‡”Qb|4 kªóvi GB mywbc~b eë¯’vcbv ïay wK gvbe RvwZi Rb¨B cÖ‡hvR¨ (?) bv eis Mnxb R½‡j wePiYKvix cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖvbxi †¶‡ÎI kªóvi GKB weavb Pvjy †i‡L‡Qb| hLb †h cÖvYxi cÖ‡qvRb Pvwn`v Abymv‡i †mB cÖvYxi m„wó Drcv`b wZwb evwo‡q w`‡q _v‡Kb| Avevi hLb Gi Pvwn`v K‡g hvq ZLb Gi Drcv`b A‡jŠwKKfv‡e n«vm K‡i †`b| MZ kZvãx‡Z †c‡Uªv‡ji †Kvb Aw¯—Z¨ c„w_ex‡Z wQjbv Gi Drcv`b I wQj bv| AvR‡Ki GB cÖMwZkxj `ywbqvq ‡cÖ‡Uªvj GK Acwinvh© Ask| ZvB

1) gnvb Avj−vn Zvqvjv Zuvi Acvi kw³‡ZB ev›`vi mvg‡b GB Lvevi nvwRi K‡ib| cÖwZwU Lv`¨ KYv hv gvby‡li KÚ n‡q D`‡i hv‡”Q- G GKgvÎ Zuvi AbyMÖn| Avj −vn Zvqvjvi mxgvnxb kw³i wekvj c_ cvwo w`‡q GB Lvevi Aw¯—Z¡ jvf K‡i‡Q| GB Lvevi ˆZwi Ki‡Z wM‡q m~h© Zvi wb‡R‡K R¡vwj‡q‡Q| Pvu` Zv‡Z kxZjZv †X‡j w`‡q‡Q| wkwki GB Lv‡`ï Dci wb‡R‡K DrmM© K‡i‡Q| gvwU Zvi eyK we`xY© nIqvi Kó‡K eyK †c‡Z wb‡q‡Q| †gN mgy`ª †_‡K cvwb Zz‡j G‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q| evZvm †mB †gN‡K e„wó K‡i Lv‡`ï KYvq KYvq Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| AZtci gnvb Avj−vni Amxg Kzì‡Z m„ó GB Lv`¨ KwYKvi †KvbwU wgwó,†KvbwU †bvbv Avevi †KvbwU UK| G¸‡jvi is wewPÎ, wewPÎ Zvi ¯^v`| me wgwj‡q Kzì‡Zi GK we¯§qKi evwMPv| AZtci gvby‡li Dì RMZ Ges Zvi nRg eë¯’v †mI GK wk¶Yxq welq| gnvb gvwjK I `qvgq cÖwZcvjK Gfv‡eB m„wói Avw` †_‡K Aš— ch©š— me©Kv‡j, meÎ© cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ †i‡L‡Qb GB AMv` eë¯’vcbv|


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Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi ˆ`wnK ¶wZ Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi Øviv bi-bvix Df‡qiY gviZœK kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK ¶wZ nq| gwnjv‡ì kvixwiK ¶wZi weeiY‡Zv Avgiv wcQ‡b D‡j −L K‡i G‡mwQ †h bvix‡`‡ni MVb cÖbvjx‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KUv av‡c av‡c GK_v cÖgvY K‡i †h Zvi GB †`n †Kej eskwe¯—v‡ii Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mw¾Z| G Kvi‡YB hZ¶b †m G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx _vK‡e ZZ¶b ch©š—B †m fvj I AvKl©Yxq _vK‡e| wKš‘ hLb †m Gi Abyc‡hvMx n‡q hvq ZLb mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi iƒc jveY¨Zvi D`¨gZvq fvUv c‡o| cyi“‡li Ae¯’vI Gi e¨vwZµg bq|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 33 Zvi †`n MV‡b ¯^xq ¯^v‡_©i Zzjbvq esk we¯—v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I DcKvixZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q| bi‡`‡ni †cŠi“l me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| GB †cŠi“l ïay †Kej cÖRbb Dcv`vb cÖ`vb K‡iY Zvi `vwqZ¡ †kl K‡i bv eis gvbyl‡K †m ni‡gvbI cÖ vb K‡i| hvi kw³i Dci wbf©i K‡iY gvbe mš—v‡bi †`‡n Pzj, ckg Drcv`b nq| †`nveq‡e kw³ I mvg_©¨ †hvMvq| g~j KvVv‡gvi nvuo ¸wj k³ I gReyZ nq| †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨ A½ cÖZ¨½ kw³kvjx nq| †mB mv‡_ gvby‡li gvbwlK cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| cyi“‡li g‡a¨ †gav, eyw×, AbyfywZ cÖLi n‡q D‡V| GB kw³, ¯êjZv, DwÏcbv, cÖdzj −Zv ZLbB cyi“‡li g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq hLb †m Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b KivQvovB cÖRb‡bi j‡¶¨ wgjb K‡i _v‡K I cÖRbb ¶gZvai nq| Gici hLb †m G gnvb KvR AvÄvg †`qvi Dc‡hvMx _v‡Kbv ZLb Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Zvi Zvi“Y¨Zv,Dw`¨cbv n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K| ZLb eva©K¨ †`Lv †`q kixi wb‡¯—R n‡q Av‡m,cÖRbb ¶gZv n«vm cvIqv Zvi g~jZ,g„Zzï Avkbx ms‡KZ| Gi Øviv eySv †Mj †h bi-bvixi cÖvK…wZK `vwe n‡jv mš—vb Rb¥ †Ìqv| Avi †cŠi“‡li ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb i‡q‡Q mš—v‡bi †`n I †gav weKv‡ki Dci| myax cvVK! Gevi Avcwb wb‡RB wePvi K‡i †`Lyb hLb gvbyl êevwnK m¤ú‡K©i Øviv ïay mvgwqK cyjK Abyfe KivB Zvi g~j j¶¨ evbv‡e,Avi cÖRb‡bi gZ gnvb j¶‡K Gwo‡q hv‡e! A_P Zvi cÖwZwU iM I †ikv‡Z Zvi fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Rxeb wb‡q i³ mÂvjb Ki‡Q| Zvn‡j Zvi †`‡n‡i k„sLjvi Dci Zvi †cŠi“‡li Kvh©KvwiZvi Dci †h †Kvb wei“c cÖfve co‡ebv †mK_v wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq bv| cÖ‡dmi wjIbvi †Xj Gg.we Zvi GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b wj‡Lb: g‡b ivL‡eb gvby‡li Rxe‡b †cŠi“‡li weivU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| †cŠi“‡li †h Dcv`vb †hŠb kw³ m„wó K‡i †mUvB gvbe‡`‡n kw³, PvÂj¨Zv m„wó K‡i| Avi GUvB gvby‡li e¨w³MZ ˆbc~b¨ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z we‡klfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L| Zvi Zvi“‡Yï KvQvKvwQ eq‡m †cŠuQvi mv‡_ mv‡_ hLb GB Dcv`vb ¸wji Kvh©KvwiZv AviI mwµq n‡q D‡V| ZLb

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 34 †hgwbfv‡e Zvi‡`‡n cÖRbb ¶gZv mÂvwiZ nq †mB mv‡_ Zvi ˆ`wnK my›`h©Zv,jveb¨Zv,cÖõzUb,†gavkw³ kvixwiK ¶gZv,Zvi“b¨Zv, PvZziZv I m„wó K‡i| Avi hw` GB †cŠi“l Dcv`vb mg~‡ni †gŠwjK D‡Ïk¨ c~iY bv Kiv nq| Zvn‡j GB Dcv`vb ¸wj I Zv‡ì Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †dj‡e| we‡kl K‡i gwnjv‡ì‡K cÖRbb Kv‡R evav †`qvi Øviv g~jZ: Zvi †`n bvgK GB mš—vb m„wói †gwkbUv‡K A‡K‡Rv K‡i †`qv I A‡nZzK evwb‡q †djv| (Bmjvg AvIi Re‡Z Iqvjv`vZ, bvgK MÖš’ †_‡K msMÖwnZ mvg‡b †h b¨vkbvj ev_© †iU Kwgk‡bi †h wi‡cvU© †ck Kiv n‡e †mUvI GB MÖš’ n‡Z †bqv|) 1937 m‡b e„‡U‡bi Òb¨vkbvj ev_© †iU KwgkbÓ Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi e¨vcv‡i wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K †h wi‡cvU© cÖKvk K‡iwQj Zv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q; ÒRb¥wbqš¿‡Yi Dcv`vb mvgMÖx eënvi Kivi Øviv c~i“l‡ì kvixwiK ¶wZ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i,mvgwqK fv‡e †hŠbkw³ n«vm I cyi“lZ¡nxbZv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e mvgMÖxKfv‡e ejv hvq †h Gai‡bi c×wZ Aej¤b Kivi Øviv †Zgb eo ai‡bi ¶wZ n‡ebv| Z_vwc Gi mg~n m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †h GB c×wZ Aej¤‡bi Øviv cyi“l A_ev bvix hLb m½‡gi c~Y© ¯^v` Av¯^v`b Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv,cvwievwiK fv‡e cÖvß Ab¨ mKj myL-Avb›`,BbRq,Zvi Kv‡Q †MŠb,Ab¨ †Kvb wKQz‡ZB Zvi gb fi‡ebv| ZLb †m GB Avb›Ùv Abyfe Ki‡Z weKí eë ’v MÖnY Ki‡Z †Pôv Ki‡e| hv Zvi `v¤úZ¨ msmvi †f‡½ hvIqvi Dcµg n‡e| GgbwK Zvi bvbvb kvixwiK RwUj mgm¨v,KwVb †hŠb †ivM e¨wa‡Z Avµvš— n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|Ó D³ Kwgkb gwnjv‡ì †¶‡Î GB Dc‡`k cÖ`vb K‡i ÒRb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z hw` †KD eva¨ nq A_ev Kv‡iv mš—vbv`x R‡b¥i nvi A‡bK †ewk n‡q hvq,Zvn‡j †m Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hw` Ggb †Kvb Avek¨KZv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi d‡j gwnjv‡ì kvixwiK AeKvV‡gv‡Z bvbvb mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| Gi Øviv Giv mvaviYZ e`‡gRvwR I i“¶ ¯^fv‡ei n‡q D‡V| hLb Zvi gvbwlK fvimvg¨ †m i¶v Ki‡Z m¶g bv nq

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 35 ZLb †m Zvi ¯^vgxmn Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ eënvi Lvivc Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB Ae¯’vUv we‡kl K‡i H gwnjv‡ì †¶‡Î †ewk cwijw¶Z hviv ÔAvhjÕ K‡i (Pig D‡ËRbvi g~û‡Z© cÖRbb Dcv`vb †ei K‡i †d‡j †`q) †Kvb †Kvb Wv³vi‡ì gZvbymv‡i AwZwi³ Rb¥weiwZ KiYmvgMÖx eënv‡ii Øviv Rivqy eµ n‡q hvq,†gavi míZv †`Lv †`q Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv cvMj,gvbwlK cÖwZewÜ n‡q hvIqvi AvksKv †`Lv †`q| Ggwb fv‡e gwnjviv `xN©w`b hver mš—vb bv †bqvi ì“YZv‡ì ¸ßv‡½ we‡kl cwieZ©b †`Lv †`q hvi ì“Y mš—vb aviY Ki‡jI Zvi cÖm‡ei mgq ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q AZ¨vwaK Kó Abyf~Z nq| GQvov ev_© K‡›Uªv‡ji wKQz wKQz c×wZ GgbI i‡q‡Q,†h¸wj eënv‡ii Øviv K¨vÝvi n‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b weev‡ni cÖwZ MYm‡PZbZv g~jK RvZxq KvDwÝ‡ji †gwW‡Kj G¨vWfvBRvwi †ev‡W©i †m‡µUvix Wvt AwmZj †èvKvk GK e³‡e¨ e‡jb: AwP‡iB e„‡U‡b Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi eënvi Kivi ewo (U¨ve‡jU) evRviRvZ Kiv n‡”Q| wKš‘ G¸wj Kivi Øviv K¨vÝv‡i Avµvš— n‡q hvIqvi AvksKv i‡q‡Q| K‡qK ermi Gme eënvi Kivi Øviv Gi fqven cwiYwZ †`Lv hv‡e| GBme ewoi Øviv gwnjv‡ì Ab¨vb¨ kvixwiK mgm¨v A‡bK †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| (ˆ`wbK AvRv‡g gyRwiqv 3/9/60Bs)

`v¤úZ¨ m¤ú‡K©i Dci Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi weiƒc cÖfve: wØZxq gvivZœK ¶wZUv n‡jv GB Mf©avi‡Yi Sv‡gjv hLb _vK‡ebv ZLb ˆhweK Pvwn`v mxgvwZwi³ †e‡o hv‡e,Wv³vi †dvi÷vi wj‡Lb: gvby‡li êevwnK Rxe‡bi gyj j¶ hLb ˆRweK Pvwn`v wgUv‡bv n‡e,Avi GB Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi †Kvb evavaiv wbqg I wbqš¿Y _vK‡ebv,ZLb Awbqwš¿Z fv‡e mš—vb wb‡j †h cwigvb ¶wZi m¤§y¶xb n‡Z n‡e Zvi †P‡q A‡bK A‡bK ¸‡b †ewk ¶wZ †`Lv w`‡e mš—vb †bqvi Sv‡gjv gy³ n‡q Aeva †hŠbvPv‡ii Øviv (Bmjvg I Rb¥wbqš¿Y 56) GQvov Av‡iKwU welq AZxe ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Avi Zvn‡jv:- mš—vb

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 36 wcZvgvZvi m¤úK© wUwK‡q ivLvi GK `„p †mZz eÜ‡bi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| mš—v‡bi jvjb-cvjb,wk¶v-`x¶v I Zv‡K wZ‡j wZ‡j M‡o †Zvjvi wcQ‡b Df‡qi †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póv ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ fvjevmv AviI `„p I gReyZ K‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ hLb Rb¥wbqš¿Y K‡i mš—vb †bqvB eÜ K‡i ivLj ZLb †Zv Df‡qi fvjevmvi m¤úK©Uv Ab¨vb¨ Rxe Rš‘i fvjevmvi b¨vq †Kej ‰hweK Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv Qvov Avi †Kvb gnr j¶¨ _vKjbv| †Kbbv Df‡qi fvjevmvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †mZz eÜb †h‡nZz †bB ZvB G‡ì fvjevmvI `xN© I `„p n‡ebv| †QvU-Lv‡Uv welq wb‡q SMov,†kl ch©š— weevn we‡”Q` n‡q hvIqvUv mnR I ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi n‡q `vov‡e|

Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi ì“Y PvwiwÎK wech©q: 1| Rb¥wbqš¿Y mvgMÖx eënvi Kivi Øviv gvby‡li PvwiwÎK Ae¶q †`Lv †Ìqvi mgyn m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv GL‡bv A‡bK m¤£vš— Lv›`vb Zv‡ì Lv›`vbx HwZ‡nï Dci Mf©‡eva K‡i _v‡K| Avevi †mB Lv›`vbx HwZ‡nï `~Y©vg nIqvUv‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q LyeB j¾v I gvbnvbxKi g‡b Kiv nq| wKš‘ Rb¥wbqš¿Y mvgMÖxi e¨vcK cÖPjb I mnRjf¨ n‡q hvIqvi ì“Y whbv e¨vwfPvi,Awk −j,AmvgvwRK Kvh©Kjv‡c wjß n‡Z KviI †Kvb evav _vK‡ebv| †h †Kvb esk I Lv›`v‡bi †jvKRb G‡Z e¨vcK cwigv‡b RwoZ n‡q hv‡e| µgvbœ‡q GB wele„¶ Wvj-cvjv †g‡j welv³ Aw·‡R‡b mf¨Zvi mKj cwi‡ek‡K bxj K‡i Zzj‡e| hv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— gnvgvwii gZ Qwo‡q co‡Z _vK‡e,cwievi †_‡K mgvR,mgvR †_‡K ivóª,ivóª †_‡K †MvUv wek¦e¨vcx| Avi Gfv‡eB wejyß n‡q hv‡e gvby‡li PwiÎ,cvwievwiK HwZn¨| KviY Gi e¨vcK cÖPj‡bi ì“Y GB Aev` †hŠbvPv‡ii gZ


N„Y¨ KvR Avi A‰ea _vK‡ebv| †KD GUv‡K Lvivc g‡b Ki‡ebv| ZvB evav w`‡ZI †KD GwM‡q Avm‡ebv|5

2| GB ev¯—eZv D‡c¶v Kivi †Kvb Dcvq †bB †h gvby‡li mybvg,myL¨vwZ AR©b Kivi wcQ‡b mš—v‡bi weivU f~wgKv _v‡K| me wcZv-gvZvB ¯^xq mš—vb‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| wKš‘! mš—vb‡K Av`k©iƒ‡c M‡o †Zvjv, wkï Kvj †_‡KB Zv‡K fvimvg¨Zv,wgZe¨wqZv,weP¶YZv,Z¨vMx (fwel¨r cwiKíbvKvix) mr cwiYvg`kx©,GiKg gnr ¸bvejx mg~n jvjb-cvjb Kivi mgq cÖwk¶Y w`‡q M‡o †Zvjv wcZv-gvZvi GK gnvb ¸i“ `vwqZ¡| wKš‘ Rb¥wbqš¿Y GmKj wKQziB cÖwZeÜK| 3| GQvov ev”Pv‡ì jvjb-cvj‡bi †¶‡Î ïay ‡h wcZv-gvZviY f~wgKv _v‡K Zv wKš‘ bq| eis ev”PvivI ci¯ú‡i GK ev”Pv Ab¨ ev”Pvi jvjb-cvj‡b h‡_ó f~wgKv iv‡L| Zv‡ì mK‡ji ci¯ú‡ii mnve¯’vb I †gjv‡gkvq cÖxwZ,åvZ…Z¡,eÜz‡Z¡i GK Av‡eMgq cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i

1| GB Rb¥ wbqš¿b eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Av‡gwiKvq cÖwZ eQi cÖvq (10,00000) `kj¶vwaK A‰ea M‡f©i mš—vb bó Kiv nq Ges kZKiv cÂvk Rb hyeK hyeZx I kZKiv 26 Rb wK‡kvix whbvq wjß nq| Ges 47% cyi“l I gwnjv A‰ea m¤ú©‡K wjß nq| hvi d‡j 1957 mv‡ji GK Rwi‡c Av‡gwiKvq `yB j¶ïI †ekx A‰ea mš—vb n‡q‡Q| 1960 mv‡j †mLv‡b cÖvq `yB j¶¨ QvweŸk nvRvi RviR mš—v‡bi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Gi msL¨v †Kvb chv©‡q Zv Avj −vnB fvj Rv‡bb| 2| e„‡U‡b AmsL¨ A‰ea mš—vb Rb¥ wbqš¿Y eë¯’vi gva¨‡g aŸsm Kiv m‡Ë¡I 80% Gi †ewk RviR mš—vb Rb¥ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZ 8 R‡b GKRb RviR mš—vb cvIqv hvq| †mLv‡b AmsL¨ Kzgvix bvix I wK‡kvix weevn DËi mwZZ¡ nvivq| 3| dªv‡Ýi Ae¯’v Av‡iv Ki“Y| †mLv‡b 90% bvix weev‡ni c~‡©eB A‰ea †hŠbvPv‡i wjß n‡q _v‡K| A‰ea †hŠbvPv‡ii wekvj evRvi| Ges G wb‡q Zviv Me©I K‡i _v‡K| Avi Gme A‰ea †hŠb Kg©KvÛ N‡U _v‡K Rb¥wbqš¿Y mvgMÖx eënv‡ii Øviv| Gme cðvZ¨ †`k mg~‡ni gZ gymwjg cÖavb GB evsjv‡`‡kI Gi weldj Qwo‡q co‡Q w`b w`b AvksKv RbK nv‡i|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 38 _v‡K| †h ev”Pv †gjv‡gkv,†Ljvayjv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e Ab¨ †Kvb ev”Pv‡K bv cvq,†m A‡bK fvj I gnr ¸bvejx AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| (Avi Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g mš—vb mxwgZ ivL‡j Dc‡ivwj −wLZ mgm¨v ev”Pv‡ì †`Lv ‡`qvi mg~n m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|)

RvZxq I mvgMÖxK fv‡e Gi ¶wZKviK cÖfve: Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi ì“Y mgMÖ RvwZ wK wK Ac~iYxq ¶wZi m¤§yw¶Y n‡Z nq GLb †m w`‡K GKUy `„wó †`qv hvK: 1| bi-bvix cÖ‡Z¨Kevi m½g Kv‡j bi‡`n †_‡K cÖRbb Dcv`vb (ïµvby) bvixi cÖRbb Dcv`v‡bi (wW¤^v‡bv) mv‡_ wgwjZ nevi Rb¨ Rivqy †_‡K †ei n‡q mvg‡b AMÖmi nq| GB Dfq cÖKvi cÖRbb Dcv`vb (wW¤^v‡bv-ïµv‡bv) GKÎ nIqvi Øviv cÖ‡Z¨KUvB gvbe mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡Z I esk we¯—v‡i f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Ggwb fv‡e e¨w³MZ Af¨vm, †gRv‡RiI aviK evnK n‡q _v‡K| GB †hŠ_ cÖRbb Dcv`v‡bi mswgkª‡Yi d‡jB gvbe mš—v‡bi PvwiwÎK Ae¯’vq ‡KD Ávbx,†gavex,mvnmx nq Avevi Gi g‡a¨ n‡Z †KD †evKv,wb‡e©va,fxi“I n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e GUv gvby‡li mv‡aï evB‡i †h, †Kvb cÖRbb Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ †Kvb cÖRbb Dcv`vb‡K wgjv‡e? Avi †Kvb ai‡bi mš—vb †m wb‡e! ZvB GB m¤¢vebv‡K Dwo‡q †`qv hvq bv †h hLb Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ †m Aej¤^b Kij,wVK †mB mgq Ggb GKwU mymš—v‡bi AvMgb‡K †m †iva Ki‡Z m‡Pó nj †h n‡Z cviZ †`k RvwZi KY©avi| †kªó †gavex,eyw×wRex,†Rbv‡ij,wePvicwZ,ivóªcwZ BZ¨vw`| RvwZi GB gnvb m¤¢vebv‡K bm¨vr K‡i †`qv n‡jv| Avi Gi cwiYv‡g Ggb mš—vb Zvi fv‡M¨ RyUj †h wb‡e©va,MvÏvi,fxi“ I ¯^v_©ci ai‡bi| Avi hLb Gai‡bi mªóvi Kv‡Ri Dci n¯—‡¶‡ci gZ a„óZv e¨vcK n‡Z _vK‡e Gi cwiYwZ‡Z RvwZ †gavex mš—vb‡ì‡K nviv‡e Kg †gavexiv RvwZi KY©avi n‡e,GRvwZ Avi DbœZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi G‡ì Øviv

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 39 RvwZi DbœwZ m¤¢e n‡ebv| †gavex‡ì †mev †_‡K RvwZ ewÂZ n‡e| ZLb †gavex‡ì ïY¨Zv nv‡o nv‡o †Ui cv‡e| 2| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi Øviv †hB RvwZi RbmsL¨v K‡g hv‡e,Zviv‡Zv me©`v aŸs‡ki ØvicÖv‡š— Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z _vK‡e| KL‡bv hy× †eu‡a †M‡j A_ev gnvgvix †`Lv w`‡j A_ev †Kvb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †`Lv w`‡j (†hgb fywgK¤ú,eb¨v,R‡jv”Qvm I mybvgx BZ¨vw`) ZLb †jvK msL¨vi GZ cÖKU msKU †`Lv w`‡e (!) †h GB msKU KvwU‡q DVv Zv‡ì Rb¨ gnv gykwKj n‡e| GQvov Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi e¨vcK cÖPj‡bi Øviv Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ GK †¯^”QvPvwi g‡bvfve †`Lv w`‡e| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zvi wb‡Ri ¯^v_©Uv‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q wPš—v Ki‡e Zvi KqUv mš—v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb? Gi †ewk mš—vb bv wb‡q †m GB ch©š— mxgve× K‡i wb‡e ¯’vqx Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤‡bi gva¨‡g| †m GB K_v wPš—v Ki‡e bv †h †`k I RvwZi cÖ‡qvRbUv wK? Gici hLb †MvUv †`kRy‡o cª‡qvRbxq †jv‡Ki e¨vcK msKU †`Lv w`‡e ZLb Zv c~iY Kivi Avi †Kvb eë ’v/ Dcvq _vK‡e bv| 3| A_©‰bwZK `„wó †Kvb †_‡K : Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi g~j KviY wn‡m‡e aiv nq `vwi`ªZv I A_©‰bwZK msKU‡K| ZvB GLv‡b Avgiv GwelqwU wb‡q wbLyuZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB †h Avm‡jB wK A_‰bwZK msK‡Ui ì“Y Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kiv (Avek¨K) Ri“ix ? bvwK Ri“ix bq; Avi A_©‰bwZK we‡ePbvq Zv KZUzKz DcKvix? Gi g~j inm¨ Rvb‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì‡K AviI †òkZ eQi wcQ‡b `„wó w`‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv `vwi`ªZvi f‡q Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kivi wPš—v aviv 1798 m‡b g¨vj_vm (Bsj¨vÛ) me© cÖ_g Avwe¯‹vi K‡iwQj|

RbmsL¨v e„w× I g¨vj_v‡mi wPš—vaviv:

GK_v‡Zv eûKvj †_‡KB cÖPvi n‡q Avm‡Q †h †hnv‡i RbmsL¨v evo‡Q †m nv‡i (j¨vÛ) f~wg evo‡Qbv,RxweKv evo‡Qbv| ZvB A`yi fwel¨‡Z Avev` f~wg I Rxeb DcKi‡Yi cÖPÊ msKU †`Lv †Ìqvi mg~n m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| Avi GB cÖPviUv ïay GB ÒAvaywbK hy‡MiÓ bq

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Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 51 †bB| e„‡U‡bi A_©bxwZ weÁvbx gvóvi †Kvwjb K¬vK© e‡jb †h, hw` c„w_exi mKj wKlv‡biv Zv‡ì Drcv`bkxj Rwg ¸wj‡K nj¨v‡Ûi eyw×gvb K…lK‡ì gZ Dc‡hvMx K‡i Pvl K‡i Zvn‡j eZ©gvb Rwgb †_‡KB AviI 28 kZvsk Drcv`b e„w× Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| Zvn‡j eySv‡Mj eZ©gv‡b †h Rwg Av‡Q Zv †_‡K hv Drcvw`Z n‡”Q †mB cwigv‡bi Rwg †_‡KB Z_¨ cÖhyw³i eënv‡ii gva¨‡g AviI `k¸b Drcv`b e„w× Kiv m¤¢e| (mvßvwnK UvBg wbDBqK© 1960)

cvwK¯—v‡bi RbmsL¨vi welqwU t Gevi Avmyb †`Lv hvK cvwK¯—v‡b (evsjv‡`k mn) RbmsL¨vi Ae¯’vUv wK? G wel‡qi Dci Av‡jvPbv Kivi c~‡e© wb‡gœi cÖkœ¸wji GKUz DËi Luy‡R †bB Zvn‡j RbmsL¨vi welqUv ¯úó ey‡S Avm‡e| K) RbmsL¨v e„w×i MwZwK mwZ¨B jvMvgnxb? L) Rxe‡bvcKi‡bi mv‡_ RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvg~jK m¤úK© †Kgb? M) hw` GK_v mZ¨ nq †h RbmsL¨v †h nv‡i evo‡Q DcvR©b †m nv‡i evo‡Qbv| Zvn‡j Rb¥ wbqš¿YB wK Gi GKgvÎ eë¯’v ? N) hw` Rb¥wbqš¿Y Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb cš’vq GB mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e n‡q hvq Zvn‡j wK n‡e? Gevi GB cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖ‡kœi DËi eZ©gvb ev¯—eZvi wbwi‡L Lyu‡R †`wL Zvn‡j GB mgvavb ¸wj Avgv‡ì mvg‡b †f‡m D‡V| G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB †h cvwK¯—v‡bi RbmsL¨v Av‡Mi Zzjbvq evo‡Q| 1942-1951 GB `k eQ‡i cvwK¯—v‡bi (evsjv‡`k mn) RbmsL¨v 5-10 cv‡m©›U e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GB RbmsL¨v e„w×i Ab¨Zg KviY wQj fviZ †_‡K cÖPzi †jv‡Ki cvwK¯—v‡b AbycÖ‡ek Kiv| 1957 m‡bi gvSvgvwS cuvPmvjv cwiKíbv miKvi †ck K‡iwQj| Gi Abygv‡bi wfwË‡Z cieZ©x Qq erm‡ii wfZ‡i cÖwZ erm‡i RbmsL¨v 1.4 (GK `kwgK Pvi) kZvsk e„w× †c‡qwQj| Gici 1961 mv‡bi Av`g ïgvix wi‡cvU© Abymv‡i GB `k erm‡ii wfZi cÖwZ eQi 10 j¶ beRvZ‡Ki AvMgb n‡qwQj| 1951 m‡b RbmsL¨v 8 †KvwUi KvQvKvwQ wQj,1961 m‡b Zv e„w× †c‡q 9

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 52 †KvwU‡Z DcwbZ n‡q ‡Mj| wKš‘ GB ev¯—eZv A¯^xKvi Kivi †Kvb Dcvq †bB †h ïay RbmsL¨v e„w×i K_v ï‡b wePwjZ nZf¤¢ n‡q †`‡ki AvqZb I Drcv`‡bi m¤¢vebv †_‡K †PvL eÜ K‡i †djv eyw×gv‡bi KvR n‡ebv| eis Avgv‡ì‡K cÖ_‡g GUv †f‡e ‡`L‡Z n‡e †h iv‡óªi AvqZ‡bi Abycv‡Z Gi aviY ¶gZv KZUzKz i‡q‡Q| Gi Drcv`b RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq KZUzKz mvgÄm¨kxj? †`‡ki AvqZ‡bi K_v ej‡Z †M‡j eje †h GB w`K †_‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi RbmsL¨v GLbI AvksKvRbK bq, bv A`~i fwel¨‡Z Gi †Zgb †Kvb m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv we‡klÁ‡ì AwfgZ n‡jv GKwU K…wlcÖavb †`‡k GK gvB‡ji(Pviw`K †_‡K)250 Rb bvMwiK emevm Ki‡Z wM‡q hveZxq cÖ‡qvRbvw` wgwU‡q Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| cvwK¯—vb GKwU K…wl cÖavb †`k| Gi 79 kZvsk bvMwiK wKlvb| Avi G‡`‡k M‡o GK gvB‡ji wfZi 208 Rb bvMwiK emevm K‡i| †mB `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K GLbI cÖwZ gvB‡j 42Rb bvMwiK AwZwi³ emevm Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Avi GB aviY ¶gZv h‡_ó| Z‡e eZ©gv‡bi Drcvw`Z dm‡ji w`‡K `„wó w`‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h hwÌ Zv Av‡iv AwaK djv‡bvi †Zgb m¤¢vebv †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| wKš‘ GZUzKz dmj eZ©gvb RbmsL¨vi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ h‡_ó| Avi hw` GB Rwg ¸wj‡Z Z_¨ cÖhyw³i eënvi Kiv hvq,eyw× I †gav LvwU‡q DbœZ mvi I exR mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM KiZt cwikªg K‡i Pvl Kiv hvq Zvn‡j eZ©gvb Rwg †_‡KB AwaK dm‡ji Avkv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì ¸i“Z¡c~Y© dm‡ji g‡a¨ Mg, avb I cvU Ab¨Zg| Zvi g‡a¨ M‡gi djb cÖwZeQi 37j¶ 85 nvRvi yB kZ 20Ub| hv wekvj fvi‡Zi Drcv`‡bi Zzjbvq cÖvq 41% †ewk| PvD‡ji Drcv`b cÖwZ eQi 84 j¶ 61 nvRvi †_‡K wKQz †ewk hv †MvUv fvi‡Zi PvD‡ji Zzjbvq cÖvq 35% †ewk| †MvUv we‡k¦i Zzjbvq Avgv‡ì †`‡k cv‡Ui Drcv`b nq cÖvq 75%| †gvU K_v eZ©gvb Drcv`b eZ©gvb Rb‡Mvwôi Rb¨ h‡_ô| Z‡e GUv cÖPzi cwigv‡b evov‡bv hv‡ebv nqZ| (wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq GB cwimsL¨vb eZ©gv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ bq,KviY avb,cvU I M‡gi Drcv`‡bi

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 53 Rwgi AwaKvsk GjvKv eZ©gvb cvwK¯—v‡bi As‡k †bB| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki fyL‡Ê P‡j G‡m‡Q)| 3) wKš‘! ZvB e‡j †Zv GK_v wKQz‡ZB †g‡b †bqv ‡h‡Z cv‡iYv †h,hw` eZ©gvb Drcvw`Z dmj eZ©gvb Rb‡Mvwôi Rb¨ h‡_ô bv nq Zvn‡j Gi GKgvÎ mgvavb ÒRb¥wbqš¿YÓ Zv wKš‘ wKQz‡ZB DwPr bq,Avgv‡ì RbmsL¨v‡K †R‡b ï‡b n«vm K‡i fqven ¶wZ‡K wbR nv‡Z †e‡Q †bqv eyw× gv‡bi KvR n‡ebv| Z‡e fwel¨Z cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶b K‡i Avgv‡ì‡K Pvlvev` Z_v dmj Drcv`b e„w× Kivi me©vZ¡K †Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e| 4) Zvn‡j Ggb wK m¤¢ve¨ c×wZ Av‡Q hvi Øviv g›`v A_©bxwZ †_‡K Avgiv gyw³ †c‡Z cvwi? †Zv GB cÖ‡kœi wewfbœ we‡k −lY Ges m¤¢ve¨ cš’vi e¨vcv‡i Avgiv mvg‡b wM‡q GKwU ¯^Zš¿ Aa¨v‡q eY©bv Kie| hvi Øviv Avcbvi Kv‡Q GK_v ¯úôfv‡e ey‡S G‡m hv‡e Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi GB aŸsmvZ¡K c_ cvwo †`qvi †P‡q Gi weKí I wbivc` iv¯—vI Av‡Q| †hB iv¯—vq Pj‡Z †M‡j Avgiv mKj m¤¢ve¨ wec‡ì †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvie| GKgvÎ Avj−vnB Avgv‡ì mnvqK I mvnvh¨Kvix|

AwfÁZv wK e‡j? Dc‡ivwj¨wLZ ev¯—e weeiY Øviv GK_v h_vh_fv‡e ¯úó n‡q‡Q †h Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kiv Bmjv‡gi g~j bxwZi wfwË‡Z mwVK bq| my ’ we‡eK I GUv‡K cÖPjb Ki‡Z mvq †`qbv| Zv‡ì GB Z_vKw_Z `wj‡ji c‡i GKRb m‡PZb e¨w³i we‡eK kZfvM GB wbðqZvq †cŠuQv‡bv DwPr †h Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv wKQz‡ZB mwVK bq| wKš‘ Avd‡mvm Avgv‡ì GB RvwZi Rb¨ hviv `ykZ ermi e„wU‡ki ytkvm‡b wcó n‡q wb‡R‡ì ivRZ¡,ivR‰bwZK m¤§vb,gh©v`vi

cvkvcvwk mKj DbœZ I ¯^vaxbwPš—v aviv mKj ‡hvM¨Zv¸wj‡K ch©š— BD‡iv‡ci KmvB Lvbvq ewj w`‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì RvwZi †fvZv AbyfywZ GB ch©v‡q G‡m †cŠu‡Q‡Q †h AvR‡K Avgv‡ì g‡b †mB me K_v I gZev`‡K ¯’vb w`‡Z PvBbv hw` Zv BD‡ivc Z_v cvðv‡Zï mivmwi Avg`vbxK…Z bv nq| PvB GB fvj K_v ev gZev‡ì ^c‡¶ †KviAvb

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 54 mybœvni kZ`jxjB †ck Kiv †nvK bv †Kvb, A_ev wbf©i‡hvM¨ hyw³ MÖnY †hvM¨ cÖgvbv`xi hZ ‡¯—vcB ‡ck Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, ZeyI Avgv‡ì w`j Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvqbv| eis GUv Rvbvi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q D‡V †h Ge¨vcv‡i g¨vj_vm wK e‡j‡Qb? wbDUb wK wPš—vfvebv K‡i‡Qb? evb©vW© Gi gZev` wK? cwi‡k‡l H gZev`‡K †kl K_v g‡b Kwi hv †Kvb cwðgv eyw×Rxwei gv_v ‡_‡K bZzb fv‡e D`MZ n‡q Aw¯—Z¡ jvf K‡i‡Q| †KviAvb mybœvn& wK e‡j? we‡eK wK cQ›` K‡i? G¸wj Ggb me cÖkœ hv †gav AbyKi‡Yi GB hy‡M weaŸ¯’ n‡q wM‡q‡Q| GB Rb¨ GLv‡b GK_vUv e‡j †`qv h_v_© n‡e †h BD‡iv‡ci †hme †`‡k GB Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Pvjy K‡i‡Q,Zviv Gi djvdj wK †c‡q‡Q? cwi‡k‡l Zviv GB Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i wK Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q? Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi gZev` cÖvq 70-80 ermi c~e© n‡Z BD‡iv‡ci †`k mgy‡n RgRgvU fv‡e cÖPwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| GB `xN© mg‡qi wfZ‡i GKUv Av‡›`vj‡bi fvjg›` hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó| GUv wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœ mgv‡R wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvi cÖmvi n‡q‡Q| Avi GB gZev‡ì eûevi hvPvB-evPvB Kiv m¤¢eci n‡q‡Q| †m me †`‡k GB Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi wK wK fqvbK ¶wZKviK w`K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zvi msw¶ß eY©bv wbgœiƒc|

1. ‡h †kªYxi gvbyl Zzjbvi evB‡i t Bsj¨v‡Ûi Ò‡Rbv‡ij †iwRóªviÓ Ges Òb¨vkbvj ev_© †iU KwgkbÕ Gi hvPvB Abymv‡i Rvbv hvq †h Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖPjb AwaKvsk AwfRvZ †kªYx I ga¨g †kªYxi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ †ewk †`Lv hvq| †ewki fvM D”P †eZb †fvMx Avgjv,eo eo wWMÖxavix wkw¶Z,kvmK,eëmvqx wkícwZivB GB gZev‡ì Abymvwi| wbgœ †kªYxi Mixe †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖPjb ï‡Yï †KvUvq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wejvm eûj Rxeb hvc‡bi D”PvKv•Lv †bB| me‡P‡q eo K_v GB †kªYxi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ GL‡bv †mB cÖvPxb Kvh©µg i‡q‡M‡Q †h

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 55 cyi“‡liv †ivRMvi Ki‡e Avi bvixiv N‡ii wfZ‡ii KvR mvgvj w`‡e| hvi ì“YZv‡ì g‡a¨ A_© msKU,`vwi`ªZv we`¨gvb _vKv m‡Z¡I Zviv Rb¥wbqš¿Y‡K Ri“ix g‡b K‡i bv| hvi d‡j G‡ì g‡a¨ Rb¥nvi A‡bK †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Avi Gi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ AwfRvZ I ga¨g †kªYxi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ Rb¥nvi _v‡K A‡bK Kg| wewfbœ kn‡ii wewfbœ †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZ nvRv‡i Rb¥nvi wbgœiƒct- ‡kªYx c¨vwim evwj©b wf‡qbv jÛb wngevM© AwZ `wi`ª †kªYx 108 157 200 147 151 `wi`ª †kªYx 95 129 164 140 ¯^”Qj †kªYx 72 114 155 107 abx †kªYx 53 63 107 87 AwfRvZ †kªYx 34 47 71 63 59 GB cwimsL¨vb I A‡bK c~i‡bv,Bsj¨v‡Ûi ciewZ© msL¨v Lye Lvivc †Kb bv GLb Bsj¨‡Ûi `wi`ª †kªYx‡Z GB gnvgvwii cÖfve j¶Yxqfv‡e evo‡Q, GLb GB †kªYxi Rb¥nvi 40 G †cŠ‡Q wM‡q‡Q| Avi †mLvbKvi ga¨ I D”PweË‡ì g‡a¨ Rb¥nvi AviI K‡g wM‡q GLb 16 †Z ‡b‡g wM‡q‡Q| Gi KviY †mLvbKvi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ MZi LvUvi †jvK‡ì msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q Ges †mB mv‡_ †gavex I eyw×gvb †jvK‡ì msL¨v µgvbœ‡q n«vm cv‡”Q hviv †bZ…Z¡ I Kg© cvi½g wQj| GUv †gavex †jvK‡ì n«vm cvIqvi Akwb ms‡KZ| Avi Zv n‡Z _vK‡j †mB RvwZ fwel¨‡Z gv_v DPz K‡i `vov‡Z cvi‡ebv| Avi GB welqUvi fwel¨Z evYx Wvt Gd Wwe−D, Uvwms K‡iwQ‡jbt GB Kvi‡bB m”Qj †kªYxi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖwZ †SuvK _vKvi ì“Y Zv‡ì GB AvksKv †`Lv †`q †h bvMwiK‡ì †mŠ›`h© wewjb n‡q hv‡e| Avj−vn cÖ`Ë †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ †jvK Kg Rb¥v‡e,Avi

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 56 hvivB Rb¥vq ZvivI Zv‡ì GB †Lv`vcÖ`Ë cÖwZfvUv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ ev¯—‡e †Kvb fywgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡ebv| Gi wecixZ wbgœ †kªYxi Rb‡Mvwô‡Z Rb¥ nvi Lye †ewk n‡q _v‡K †Zv G‡ì g‡aÏ DËg I †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ †jvK wKQz cq`v nq| wKš‘ †MvUvRvwZ Zv‡ì †_‡K †gavex †jvK Lye KgB †c‡q _v‡K| GB djvdj Avgv‡ì †`‡kI †ek cÖKvk cvq| Avj −vn bv Ki“YAvgivI hw` Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ G‡`‡k Pvjy Kwi| †Kbbv Avgv‡ì RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi ‡Zgb †Kvb AvMÖn cvIqv hvqbv| mv¤cÖwZK jÛ‡bi GKwU gvwmK cwÎKvq Gwel‡q GKwU KvU©yb Qvov n‡qwQj hv‡Z wQj Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖKvi| G KvU©y‡b `yBwU cwiev‡ii wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡qwQj| GKwU cwievi wQj †QvU,gvÎ 2wU mš—vb I gv evev| Zv‡ì‡K Lye mywL †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Aci w`‡K GK wekvj cwiev‡ii wPÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h_vq A‡bK mš—vbv`x,cwiev‡ii KZ©v e¨w³wU G‡ì fiY‡cvlY w`‡Z bv cvivq mevi g‡a¨ nZvkv,`ytL hvZbvi Qvc cwijw¶Z| GB KvUz©b hLb Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mvaviY RbM‡bi g‡a¨ cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ wewj Kiv n‡jv ZLb †`Lv †Mj Zviv H cwievi‡KB MÖnY Kij hv‡Z m`m¨ msL¨v A‡bK †ewk| GB KvUz©b Øviv hwÌ Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi mydj Ges eo cwiev‡ii K‡ói wPÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Z_vwc G‡Z G‡`‡ki Rbmvavi‡Yi AvMÖ‡ni welqwU j¶Yxq †h Zviv Gme dvjZz cÖPv‡i wek¦vmx bq eis Zviv cÖvK…wZK c×wZUv‡KB †ewk fvjev‡m| Avi ev¯—‡eI ZvB| ev_© K‡›Uªvj, kn‡ii AvaywbK wKQz wkw¶Z †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ Pj‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Avcvgi RbmvaviY GUv MÖnY Ki‡Z B”QzK bq, †h m¤cÖ`vq‡K c„w_exi me©vwaK DbœZ m¤cÖ`vq g‡b Kiv nq(e„wUk)ZvivB cv‡i bvB G‡`‡ki mij cÖvY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Z_vKw_Z GB ÒDbœZ c×wZÓ Pvjy Ki‡Z| Avi †MvUv cvwK¯—vb Ry‡o G ai‡bi bvMwiK‡ì msL¨vB †ewk| RbmsL¨vi †gvU 84.7 kZvsk Awkw¶Z Ges G RbmsL¨vi 89.6 kZvsk MÖv‡g emevm K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hw` GB Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZi cÖPjb Kiv nq Zvn‡j Gid‡j wkw¶Z, mf¨ wPš—vavivi †jvK msL¨v K‡g hv‡e| †`kf‡i hv‡e H ‡jvK‡ì Øviv hviv

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 57 n‡e wb®‹g©v,A`¶| †gavex,Kg© ¶,c„w_exUv‡K my›ì K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi gZ cvi`k©x †jv‡Ki msL¨v K‡g hv‡e| GUv wK RvwZi GK weivU AcyiYxq ¶wZ bq ?

2. e¨vcK fv‡e Zvjv‡Ki cÖPjb t wcQ‡b c‡o G‡m‡Qb †h Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ MÖn‡Yi Øviv `v¤úZ¡ m¤ú‡K© fvUv c‡i| ¯^vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wUwK‡q ivL‡Z mš—vb †mZz eÜ‡bi gZ KvR K‡i| mš—vb bv _vK‡j Zv‡ì `v¤úZ¨ m¤úK© †f‡½ hvIqv Lye mvaviY e¨vcvi| Avi G Kvi‡YB BD‡iv‡c Zvjv‡Ki cÖPjb Lye `ª“Z nv‡i Qwo‡q ci‡Q| Avi Zvjv‡Ki NUbv †mB me `¤úwZ‡ZB AwaK nv‡i cÖwZfvZ nq hviv wbtmš—vb|

3. Rb¥nvi n«vm cvIqv t

me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q †h hviv GB Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì mš—vb‡ì Rb¥nvi wec` RbK fv‡e n«vm †c‡q 1876 Bs m‡b GB Av‡›`vjb ïi“ n‡qwQj| Gi ci †_‡K Rb¥nvi AvksKv RbKfv‡e n«vm †c‡Z jvMj| D`vnviY ¯îƒc Bsj¨‡Ûi w`‡K `„wócvZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †mLvbKvi Rb¥nvi 1876 m‡b cÖwZ nvRv‡i wQj 36.3| Gici 1926 m‡b n‡q‡Q 17.8| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi djvdj AviI we¯—vwiZ fv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡j Rb¥nvi Ges weev‡ni nvi DfqUv GKUz ZzjbvK‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j Rvbv hv‡e †h 1876 mb †_‡K 1901 mb ch©š— êevwnK m¤ú‡K© 3.6 cv‡m©›U n«vm †c‡q‡Q| 1901 mb †_‡K 1913 mb ch©š— weev‡ni Mo hv wQj ZvB envj _vKj wKš‘! Rb¥ nvi 15.5 n«vm †c‡qQ| 1912 †_‡K 1926 Gi gvSvgvwS wewfbœ kn‡i weevn I Rb¥nv‡ii †h cwimsL¨vb cvIqv hvq Zv

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 58 cvVK‡ì myweav‡_© bKkv AvKv‡i wb‡gœ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv\ ‡`k mg~n weev‡ni Mo Rb¥ nvi d«vÝ 7.6 cv‡m©›U e„w× 28.2 cv‡m©›U n«vm Rvg©vbx 9.4 cv‡m©›U n«vm 49.4 cv‡m©›U n«vm BUvjx 9.8 Ó Ó 29.1 Ó Ó nj¨vÛ 10.3 Ó Ó 35.6 Ó Ó myB‡Wb 11.3 Ó Ó 45.1 Ó Ó ‡WbgvK© 12.3 Ó Ó 35.2 Ó Ó Bsj¨vÛ 13.3 Ó Ó 51.0 Ó Ó biI‡q 26.0 Ó Ó 38.0 Ó Ó Rb¥nvi w`b w`b GZ n«vm cvIqv m‡Z¡I †mB me †`‡k RbmsL¨v GZ AwaKnIqvi KviY n‡jv: wPwKrmv weÁv‡b Zv‡ì e¨vcK DbœwZ Ges MY ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZvi ì“Y e¨vcK g„Zy¨ SzwK Kgv‡Z A‡bKUv mdj nIqv| †mB me †`‡k RbmsL¨vi GB cÖe„w× †`‡LB g¨vj_vm Zvi w_Dwi †ck K‡iwQj| Avi H eQ‡iB emš— I Ab¨vb¨ †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK wUKv Avwe¯‹vi n‡qwQj| †Kvb †Kvb we‡klÁ‡ì g‡Z cÖ_g wek¦ hy‡×i ciciB †h weivU cÖjqsKvix R‡jv”Qvm n‡qwQj G‡Z 50 kZvsk gvby‡li †eu‡P hvIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj †h mwVK mg‡q Avµvš—‡ì wbKU Ri“ix Jla mvgMÖx †cŠu‡Q †`qv| (UvBg DBKwj,11 Rvbyqvix 1960Bs) wKš‘! GZ`m‡Z¡I Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi djvdj GB `vovj †h Rb¥ nvi I g„Zy nvi Gi g‡a¨ Lye †ewk eëavb iBjbv| hw` Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cvkvcvwk MY¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZvi GB DbœwZ bv nZ Zvn‡j g„Zyï nvi Rb¥nv‡ii Zzjbvq AwaK nZ bv| (A_©vr GB wech©‡qi ci‡jvK msL¨v Lye K‡g †hZ, wKš‘ Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi ì“Y†jvK msL¨v evo‡Zv bv|) we‡kl K‡i d«v‡Ýi Ae¯’v wQj me‡P‡q wec`RbK| 1876 m‡b Gi Rb¥nvi wQj 26.2 cv‡m©›U| Gici 1941 m‡b †_‡K cÖwZ eQi AvksKv RbK nv‡i n«vm †c‡Z jvMj| GKch©v‡q 1941 m‡b Rb¥nvi wM‡q `vovj 16.5 cv‡m©‡›U Ges g„Zyï

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 59 nvi 15.7 ‡Z| GB Ae¯’v †`‡L AwaKvsk d«v‡Ýi bvMwiK†ì †PvL Ly‡j †Mj| †mLvbKvi weÁ I weP¶Y bvMwiKMY GB AvIqvR DVv‡jvt

Òevm evm, mvwK AvIi bv fiYv,

jvM Mv‡q jvM Mv‡q ûk wVKv‡b|Ó Òevm, evm, Avi Xvj‡ebv eÜz M −v‡m GK †dvUv g`,

†bkv †j‡M‡Q AvR KwVb fv‡e|Ó GKwU Av‡›`vjb,RvZxq Av‡›`vjb,RbmsL¨v e„w×i Av‡›`vjb bv‡g ïi“ n‡qwQj GB Av‡›`vjb| (d«vÝ) miKvi Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi wk¶v cÖPvi cÖmvi‡K AvBbZ `Êbxq Aciva wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kij| RbmsL¨v evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖvq GK WRb bZzb AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kij| hvi ì“Y AwaK mš—vb Rb¥ `vbKvix cwievi‡K Avw_©K mn‡hvMxZv,BbKvg †U‡· wkw_jZv| †eZb, cvwikªwgK,†cbkb e„w× Kiv n‡jv| †gvUK_v,AvBwb,Af¨vmMZ cwieZ©‡bi gva‡g Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi wecixZ Drmvn I DØy×Ki‡Yi hveZxq cÖ‡Pôv Aej¤^b K‡i Lye K‡ó miKvi Rb¥nvi e„w× Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| GLb †mLvbKvi d¨vwgwjc−vb Z_v cwievi cwiKíbv ms¯’v,Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cwie‡Z© GB cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡jv †h cÖ‡Z¨KUv cwievi‡K miKvi ïay beRvZ‡Ki Lv`¨,evm¯’vb I jvjb cvj‡bi mvnvh¨ mn‡hvMxZvB K‡iYv eis Zvi Rb¥ nIqvi AviI A‡bK c~e© n‡ZB Zvi AvMg‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ Pj‡Z _v‡K| KL‡bv †`Lv hvq mš—vb bv nIqvi Kvi‡b G‡ì wPš—v,†c‡ikvbx Ki‡Z| hLb †Kvb hyeK hyeZx weev‡ni cÖ¯—wZ wb‡Z _v‡K ZLb weev‡ni c~‡e©B G‡ì‡K (†gwW‡Kj †PKAvc) wPwKrmK‡ì kiYvcY¨ n‡Z nq| ZLb Wv³vi GB wm×vš— †`q †h GB `¤úwZi mgš^‡q my¯’¨ mš—vb nIqv m¤¢e wKbv? Zviv mš—v‡bi Rb¥ †`qvi gZ Dc‡hvMx wKbv? Gici weev‡ni c‡i hLb mš—vb †c‡U Av‡m,ZLb Mf©ewZ gv me©¶Y Wv³v‡ii ZË¡veav‡b _v‡K Avi †mB Wv³vi GB gvÕi mš—vb cÖme nIqv I Gi

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 60 ciewZ© hveZxq wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb Kivi hveZxq wR¤§v`vi n‡q hvq| mš—vb Rb¥ nIqvi ci †_‡K 16 eQi ch©š— cÖ‡Z¨K ev”Pv‡K miKvwi Li‡P ¯‹z‡j wd« cov‡jLvi eë¯’v Kiv‡bv nq| 1946 Bs n‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K eQi weevwnZ AweevwnZ AwfeveK‡K Gi myweav †`qv nq| GB myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ mswk−ó ev”Pvi wcZv gvZv nIqv Ri“ix bq| Avmj e¨vcvi n‡jv †m †hb Zvi Aaxb¯— ev”Pvi h_vh_ cÖwZcvjb K‡i| 7 nvRvi BÝ‡c±i Ges Wv³vi,6 nvRvi mvgvwRK KZ©v e¨w³eM© I AvB‡bi †jvKRb wcZvgvZvi gZ GB †jvK‡ì †LuvR Lei iv‡L †h GB AwffveK †kªYxi †jvK¸wj miKvix myweav`x cvIqvi ci Giv mswk−ó ev”Pv‡ì h_vhZ eë ’v I jvjb cvjb Ki‡Q wKbv ? †jvK‡ì‡K ev”Pv‡ì cwigvb Abymv‡i G‡ì Rxeb hvc‡bi hveZxq myweavw` cÖ`vb Kiv nq| BbKvg †U‡·i e¨vcv‡i G‡ì‡K Qvo †`qv nq| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ Av‡ivI A‡bK my‡hvM myweav cÖ`vb Kiv nq| we‡kl K‡i UªvÝ‡cv‡U© evm,†Uª‡bi fvov †`qvi †¶‡Î G‡ì‡K AwfevKZ¡ KvW© cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Gi Øviv Zviv mn‡RB ågY myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvaviY bvMwiK‡ì gZ j¤^v jvB‡b `vwo‡q _vK‡Z nqbv| (mvßvwnK wmnve jv‡nvi 4 wWmt 1960Bs) GB mKj AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kivi d‡j Rb¥nvi Avkvbyiƒc evo‡Z jvMj| 1947 Bs m‡bi wek¦ Av`g ïgvix‡Z cÖKvk †cj †h dªv‡Ýi Rb¥nvi 21.0 (cÖwZ nvRv‡i) Ges g„Zyï nvi cÖwZnvRv‡i 12.2| BUvwj,Rvg©vbx‡Z I cÖvq GKB ai‡bi wnmve †`Lv †Mj| 1876 m‡b Rvg©vbxi Rb¥nvi 40.9| Avi BUvwji 39.2 wQj| cÖvq 1941 mb ch©š— avivevwnK fv‡e n«vm ‡cj| 1941 m‡b Rvg©vbxi Rb¥nvi wM‡q `vov‡jv 15.9 G| wKš‘ †h‡nZz †mB eyw×Rxwe m¤cÖ`vq †bZ…‡Z¡ Avmvi ci GB Akwb wec‡ì K_v wPš—v Kij †h hw` Avgv‡ì Rb¥nvi n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j GKUv mgq Ggb Avm‡Z cv‡i hLb Avgv‡ì GB RvwZ eÜ¨v n‡q hv‡e| Avi eZ©gv‡bi GB Dbœqb g~jK Kv‡Ri aviv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z ciewZ©‡Z †Kvb †jvK Aewkó _vK‡ebv| Avi GB †cÖw¶‡ZB Rb¥wbqš¿Yg~jK wk¶v I cÖPjb‡K AvBbMZ fv‡e eÜ K‡i

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 61 w`‡q‡Q| bvix‡ì‡K KviLvbv,Awdm Av`vjZ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡q N‡i cvwV‡q w`‡q‡Q,hye mgvR‡K weev‡ni cÖwZ Drmvn cÖ`vb Ki‡Z '†gwiR †jvbÕ bv‡g Avw_©K mnvqZv †`qv nq| 1934 mv‡b GK‡KvwU cvDÛ A_© †Kej weev‡ni FY eve` e¨q n‡q‡Q| hvi ì“Y Qqj¶ bvix-cyi“l DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| 35 m‡bi GB AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q †h GKUv mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡j Zvi BbKvg †U‡·i 15 cv‡m©›U 2Uv mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡j 95 cv‡m©›U n«vm Kiv n‡e| Avi hw` 3Uv mš—vb †KD Rb¥ †`q Zvn‡j Zvi BbKvg †U‡·i meUvB †m gvd †c‡q hv‡e| BUvwj‡ZI GB mKj c×wZ/cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i Rb¥nvi n«vm nIqvi GB gvivZœK ¶wZ‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB‡Zv 1948 m‡bi Av`g ïgvix‡Z cÖKvk cvq †h BUvwji Rb¥msL¨v n«vm cvIqvi cwie‡Z© e„w×‡c‡Z jvMj| H eQi BUvwji Rb¥ nvi wQj 16.5 (cÖwZnvRv‡i)|

4. Aeva †hŠbvPvi I e¨vcK †hŠb‡ivM t Avgiv Av‡MB D‡j −L K‡iwQ †h Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv wPwKrmv weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z kix‡ii Rb¨ gvivZœK ¶wZ| Avi ‰RweK Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z hviv Amr Dcvq Aej¤b K‡i Zviv Gme †hŠb †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡e Abvqv‡mB| ZvB GB DfqUv welq †mB me †`‡kB (cvðvZ¨) AwaK cwigv‡b cwijw¶Z nq| Wvt g¨vwi kvijxc Zvi Pwj−k erm‡ii AwfÁZvi djvdj Gfv‡e e¨³ K‡i‡Qb t Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ PvB cÖvK…wZK †nvK A_ev †Kvb wcj,ewo RvZxq,KbWg A_ev Ab¨‡Kvb cš’v,G¸wj Aej¤^b Kivi Øviv hwÌ Zvr¶wYK †Kvb Lvivc cÖwZwµqv †`Lv hvqbv wKš‘ GKUv `xN© mgq ch©š— eënvi Kivi Kvi‡Y Aa© eq‡m †cŠuQvi Av‡M Av‡MB bvix‡ì kixi AmgZj/Agm„b n‡q hvq,¤−vb n‡q hvq| cÖùzwUZ I jveY¨ nxbZv, gbgiv ¯^fv‡ei i“¶Zv, D‡ËwRZ ¯^fv‡ei n‡q hvIqv,welbœ wPš—v avivi fxo,wb`ªvnxbZv,nZeyw×,gvbwlK `ye©jZv,i³ PjvPj K‡g hvIqv,nvZ-cv Aem n‡q hvIqv,kix‡ii †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b †duvov ev GRvZxq ¶Z

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 62 n‡q hvIqv,gvwmK FZzmªv‡e Awbqg †`Lv †`qv BZ¨vw` me Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi AeavwiZ cwiYwZ| Gi †P‡qI eo mgm¨v nj Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZi e¨vcK cÖPj‡bi Øviv †h‡nZz A‰ea mš—vb n‡q hvIqvi AvksKv _v‡Kbv,j¾v,kig †Zv AviI Av‡MB LyB‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j A‰ea Aev` †hŠbvPvi mgv‡Ri i‡›`ª i‡›`ª †cuv‡Q hv‡”Q| BwÛqvb BDwbfvwm©wUi †hŠb we‡klÁ cÖ‡dmi ÒAvj wdwiWvwm© Kvb‡R Gi fvm¨ g‡Z t Av‡gwiKvq 100-95 cv‡m©›U cyi“l Ges 85 cv‡m©›U bvix A‰ea †hŠbvPv‡i wjß n‡q _v‡K| (ˆ`wbK Rs, 9/8/53 Bs) Avi GK_v †K bv Rv‡b †h Aev` †hŠbvPvi GZ e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡j kvixwiK my¯’¨Zv I PwiÎ GKev‡i aŸsk n‡q hvq| †gvU K_v, AvR ‡_‡K A‡bK c~‡e©B Bsj¨vÛ,d«vÝ,Rvg©vbx,BUvjx Ges myB‡W‡bi gZ †`‡k cÖK…wZi mv‡_ NvZKZvi (AvZœNvwZ wm×v‡š—i) `„óvš— g~jK cwiYwZ †`‡L †d‡j‡Q| GiciI hw` Avgiv GB K_v fve‡Z _vwK ‡h †h‡nZz †mB mKj DbœZ †`‡k GB c×wZ cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q,myZivs AvgivI Gi cÖPjb Kie| Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì D`vnviY H †evKvi gZB n‡e †h †Kvb exi evnv yi‡K K‚‡c wbgw¾Z n‡Z †`Lvi ciI GB aviYv K‡i Kz‡c bv‡g †h †m nqZ e¨qvg Ki‡Q ev mvZvi KvU‡Q Zvn‡j GB †evKvi g„Zy¨ †Zv Awbevh©|

Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³v‡ì `jxjvw` t

Gevi GKUz Hw`‡K „wó wdiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i †h Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³viv wK wK `jxjvw` †ck K‡i?

kiqx `jxj 1| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³v‡ì mv‡_ hw` gvhnvex `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq ZLb Zviv Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi c‡¶ H me nv`xm †ck K‡iY hvi Øviv Avhj Rv‡qR nIqvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| †hgb nhiZ Rv‡ei (ivt)Gi ewY©Z wb‡gœi nv`xm Lvbvt Avgiv ivm~j (mvt) Gi


cweÎ hy‡M Avhj KiZvg Avi GK_v bexwR (mvt) I Rvb‡Zb wKš‘ wZwb Avgv‡ì‡K Gi †_‡K eviY K‡iY wb| wKš‘! KZ eo ytLRbK K_v †h GB †jvK¸‡jv Avhj bvRv‡qR nIqvi gZ ®úó `jxj I Qnxn nv`xm ¸wj‡K Gwo‡q hvb| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi kiqx Aa¨v‡q Avcbviv †`‡L G‡m‡Qb †h Gi c‡¶ wec‡¶ Dfq cÖKvi nv`xm I `jxj mg~n mvg‡b ivL‡j wK wK djvdj †ei nq? GUv GKUv gvivZ¡K †gŠwjK fyj †h `yÕ GKUv nv`xm †`‡LB GKUv eûj Av‡jvwPZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡qi wm×vš— w`‡q †`qv,mgy‡`ªi DcK~‡j `vwo‡q †MvUv mgy‡`ªi cvwbi MfxiZv gvcv I Abygvb Kivi gZ Pig †evKvgx Qvov Avi wK? R‡ji MfxiZv I mgy‡ ªi cÖk¯—Zv Rvb‡Z n‡j †m me `ytmvnwmK bvweK I Wyeyix‡ì Kv‡Q wR‡Ám Ki“Yhviv Rxeb evwR †i‡L cvnvomg †XD‡qi mv‡_ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i mgy`ª cvwo ‡`q I gy³v Kzwo‡q G‡b Z‡eB ¶vš— nq| †m mKj e‡ib¨,kª×vfvRb RMr weL¨vZ Av‡jg mgvR,hviv Gj‡g Øxb AvniY I M‡elYv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Zv‡ì RxebUvB wemR©Y w`‡q‡Qb,Zuviv †m mKj nv`xm mg~n‡K (M‡elYv K‡i K‡i) Pzj‡Qov we‡k−lY K‡i D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ †h djvdj †ei K‡i‡Qb Zv Avcbviv c~‡e©B AewnZ n‡q‡Qb| Gevi Avcbvi wb‡Ri we‡eK‡KB cÖkœ Ki“Y †h †m me weÁRb‡ì †ei Kiv djvdj †ewk MÖnY †hvM¨ n‡e? bvwK H mKj bvgavix †gŠjfx‡ì (?) hviv `yÕ GKUv nv`xm †`‡LB ‡hb‡Zb e¨vL¨v K‡i GKUv dZzqv †g‡i w`j? GB †gŠwjK Rev‡ei c‡i Gevi Avmyb GB m¤úwK©Z GKwU m‡š—vlRbK ReveI †R‡b †bB| ‡h hy‡M wcÖq bex (mvt) Avh‡ji AbygwZ w`‡qwQ‡jb ZLb Avi‡ei †jv‡Kiv wfbœ wfbœ Kvi‡Y e¨w³MZ fv‡e †KD ‡KD Avhj KiZ| †m KviY¸wj n‡jv t 1) evu`xi mv‡_ Avhj KiZ hv‡Z K‡i N‡ii Kvg Kv‡R †Kvb weNœZv m„wó bv nq| 2) hv‡Z †m evu`x D‡¤§ Iqvjv` bv n‡q hvq| A_v©r evu`xi Mf© †_‡K gbx‡ei mš—vb n‡j †m evu`x‡K D‡¤§ Iqvjv` ejv nq| (gbx‡ei mš—v‡bi gvZv) ZLb Avi GB evu`x‡K wewµ Kiv hvq bv| G‡K AvRxeb

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 64 Zvi wbK‡UB ivL‡Z nq| †Kbbv D‡¤§ Iqvjv` evu`xi µq weµq nvivg| (GB Rb¨ gbxeiv evu`xi mv‡_ Avhj KiZ) 3) ev”Pvi `ya cvb Kiv Kvwjb mgq ev”Pvi gvÕi mv‡_ Avhj Kiv nZ| hv‡Z GB Ae¯’vq Av‡iKwU ev”Pv †c‡U bv G‡m hvq| Zvn‡j eZ©gvb ev”Pvi my¯’Zv I jvjb cvj‡b weivU NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e hv c~iY nevi bq| Gici Avhj Kiv ivm~‡ji (mvt) AcQ›` nIqvi cvkvcvwk Rv‡qRI wQj| Z‡e kZ© n‡jv GUv †hb kixqZ cwicwš’ I bvRv‡qR D‡Ï‡k¨ bv nq| GB Rb¨ ivm~j (mv.) Avhj Kiv‡K mivmwi wb‡laI K‡iY bvB| Z‡e mvnvev‡ì Avhj Kivi wcQ‡b hw` Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ Ggb †Kvb welq nZ hv kixq‡Zi `„wó‡Z wb‡la,AvcwËKi Zvn‡j ivm~j (mvt) Aek¨B wb‡la Ki‡Zb| GB K_vi Øviv H NUbvi Bw½Z enb K‡i †h bex Kixg (mvt) Gi wbKU GK e¨w³ G‡m Zvi ¯¿xi mv‡_ Avhj Kivi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv Kij| ivm~j (mvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb †h Zzwg †Kb GgbUv Ki‡Z Pv”Q ? †m hyw³ ‡`Lv‡jv †h, Avgvi eZ©gvb ev”PvUv LyeB †QvÆ ya cvb K‡i| GB Ae¯’vq hw` Zvi gv Avevi Mf© aviY K‡i Zvn‡j Gi `ya K‡g hv‡e| ivm~j (mvt) ej‡jb †h †ivg cvi‡mï †jv‡Kiv Ggb K‡i _v‡K A_©vr †QvU ev”Pv _vKv m‡ZÏ Avevi ev”Pv †bq, wKš‘ Zv‡ì †Kvb mgm¨v nqbv|6 GB NUbvq ivm~j (mv Gi Kv‡Q Avh‡ji e¨vcv‡i cÖkœ Kiv n‡j ivm~j (mvt) mv‡_ mv‡_B GUv Rv‡qR bv Rv‡qR nIqvi dZzqv w`‡q †`b bvB| eis cÖkœKvix‡K ej‡jb †h GB cÖkœ Øviv †Zvgvi D‡Ïk¨ wK? Gici †h‡nZz GB cÖkœKvixi †Kvb Amr D‡Ïk¨ wQjbv eis Ab¨ ‡jvK‡ì AwfÁZvi

6 Ò‡bvU: Avðh© K_v †h wKQz †jvK GB nv`xmUv‡KB Rb¥wbqš¿‡bi c‡¶i `jxj wn‡m‡e wb‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e †h ÒAvLvdz Avjv Iqvjvw`nv- Gi fvev_© wb‡q‡Q hv‡Z †m `wi`ª bv n‡q hvq| A_P nv`xm mv‡kªi Dci hv‡ì b~bZg aviYvI Av‡Q Zviv Ggb mvsNvwZK fyjUv wKQz‡ZB Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| †Kbbv ivm~j (mvt) H e¨w³i Rev‡e hv ej‡jb- Gi GB A_© `vovq †h ya cvb Kiv Ae ’vq Avevi Aš—tmZ¡v nIqvi Øviv ev”Pvi kvixwiK ¶wZ n‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| ev”Pvi evevi Avw_©K ¶wZi m¤¢vebvi K_v GB nv`xm †_‡K †bqv wKQz‡ZB h_vZ© bq|Ó

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 65 Av‡jv‡K GB wPš—vUv Ah_v,GK_v ‡Rvi w`‡q ejv †h‡Z cv‡i ZvB GiKg wPš—v †h Ah_v,Amvp,GUv wZwb ¯úó K‡i w`‡jb Avi Avhj Kiv †h gvKiƒn GK_vi Dci ¯úó Bw½Z cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| Gevi Avcwb wb‡RB we‡eK LvwU‡q GB djvdj †ei Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb †h AvhjKvixi D‡Ïk¨ hw` bv Rv‡qR A_ev kixqZ cwicwš’ wKQz nZ! Zvn‡j ivm~j (mvt) Aek¨B GUv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Zb| GB e¨vL¨v Øviv GK_v ¯úó n‡q ‡Mj †h †hB Ae ’vi †cÖw¶‡Z Avhj Rv‡qR nIqvi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GiØviv eZ©gvb Rb¥wbqš¿Y Av‡›`vjb‡K wKQz‡ZB êaZv †`qv hvqbv| cÖ_gZ GB Rb¨ †h ZLbKvi †jvK‡ì (mvnvev‡ì) D‡Ïk¨ mr wQj| wØZxqZ GB Rb¨ †h ZLbKvi mgq e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kiv nZ| mvgMÖxK fv‡e Gi †Kvb cÖPjb wQjbv| Gevi Avmyb Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ GB hy‡M Bmjvgx gyjbxwZ ¸‡jvi ¯^c‡¶ Av‡Q bv wK bvB? Gi Reve ¸wj wb‡gœi †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ Øviv ¯úó n‡q mvg‡b G‡m hvq| 1| ÒjvZvKZzjy AvIjv`vKzg Lvk&qvZv BgjvK,bvnby bvihyKzûg Iqv Bq¨vKzgÓ (31-ebx BmivCj) A_© t †Zvgiv `vwi ªZvi f‡q †Zvgv‡ì mš—vb‡ì‡K nZ¨v K‡ivbv,Avwg Zv‡ì‡K (Av¸š—K mš—vb‡ì‡K) wiwRK w`‡q _vwK Ges †Zvgv‡ì ‡KI| 2| ÒIqvgv wgb `veŸvwZb wdj Aviw` Bj −v Avjvj−vwn wihKznv BqvÔjvgy gy¯—vKvii“nv Iqv gy¯—vIw`Dnv|Ó(6-û`) A_© t f~-c„‡ô wePiYKvix Ggb †KD †bB hvi wiwR‡Ki `vwqZ¡ Avj −vni

nv‡Z †bB| wZwb G‡ì eZ©gvb I fwel¨r wVKvbv meB Rv‡bb|

3| ÒIqv Bbœvwgb kvqBb Bj−v B›`vbv LvhvBbyû Iqvgv bybvh&whjyû Bj−v weKv`vwig gvÔjyg|Ó (21-ûRivZ) A_© t f~-c„‡ô Ggb †KD †bB hvi (wiwR‡Ki) LvRvbv/fvÊvi Avgvi Kv‡Q †bB| Avi Avwg‡Zv G‡ì Rb¨ GK wbw`©ó cwigv‡bB AeZxY© K‡i _vwK|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 66 GB AvqvZ mg~n Øviv Avcwb AewnZ n‡q †M‡Qb nqZ,†h wiwR‡Ki mKj eë¯’vcbv I mKj mgvavb gnvb cÖfy wek¦cwZ wbR nv‡ZB †i‡L‡Qb| wZwb †Kej gvby‡li wiwR‡Ki eë ’vB bb eis fy-c„‡ó wePiYKvix mKj m„wóK~‡ji mKj cÖ‡qvRbv`x c~iY Kivi wPš—v I `vwqZ¡I wZwb wbR nv‡ZB †i‡L‡Qb| Avi †mB mwyeav‡_©B Drcv`b e„w× I n«vm K‡i _v‡Kb| Lye wPš—v Ki‡j GUv ¯úó n‡q hvq †h GUv cig Ki“Yvg‡qi KZ weivU AbyK¤úv †h GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqwU wZwb wbR nv‡Z †i‡L‡Qb| GB ¸i“ØvwqZ¡Uv hw` gvby‡li Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡Zb Zvn‡j GK weivU ûjy¯’yj KvÊ N‡U †hZ| †ePviv gvby‡li GB mxwgZ Ávb Øviv mviv c„w_exi Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv mKj m„wó Rx‡ei LeivLei †bqv wKfv‡e m¤¢e nZ,†h gvbyl cÖ‡Z¨K m„wó Rx‡ei h_vh_ wiwRK hvi hvi ¯’v‡b †cŠQuv‡e? Avgv‡ì wcQ‡bi Av‡jvPbv Øviv Avcbvi Lye ¯ú÷ n‡q _vK‡e †h gvbyl †ePviv GKUz Lvbvwcbv †ewk n‡Z †`L‡jB G‡Kev‡i nvj †Q‡o w`‡q e‡m, fo‡K hvq| Drcv`‡bi †mB me m¤¢ve¨ †¶Î ¸wji mÜvb bv †c‡q Zvi ûk-Ávb †jvc cvq| A_P me©Rvš—v,gnvÁvbx,gnvb mªóv GmKj ab fvÊvi mg~n‡K Rwg‡bi ey‡K Mw”QZ †i‡L w`‡q‡Qb| hvB‡nvK,m„wó KZ©v †h‡nZz cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvYxi wiwR‡Ki eë¯’v mgwóMZ fv‡e wbR wR¤§vq †i‡L‡Qb,ZLb GB ¶z`ª,¶xYKvq gvby‡li nv‡Z Ggb wK Rv`yi KvwV Av‡Q hvi ‡Z‡j¯§vwZ‡Z †m m„wó KZ©vi Kv‡R n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Z cv‡i Avi Ggb GK gnvb ¸i“ `vwqZ¡ †m gv_vq wb‡Z Pvq hv cvjb Kivi GKgvÎ ¶gZv I kw³ †Kej Avj−vn Qvov Avi KviI nv‡Z †bB ?

GKUv fy‡ji Aemvb t

hLb Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³v‡ì wbKU GB AvqvZ t ÒjvZvKZzjy AvIjv`vKzg|Ó(†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì mš—vb‡ì nZ¨v K‡ivbv|)


cov nq ZLb Zviv Õmš—vb nZ¨vÕ I ÕRb¥wbqš¿YÕ Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ Zz‡j a‡iY| Avi e‡jb †h,GB Avqv‡Z mš—vb nZ¨v Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q, Rb¥wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z‡Zv wb‡la Kiv nqwb| GKUv Wvj fv½vi Aciv‡ai kvw¯— wn‡m‡e cyiv GKUv e„¶ †K‡U †djvi Rwigvbv Av`vq Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iYv| A_P GUv GKUv gvivZœK fyj| cweÎ ‡KviAvb t ÒjvZvKZzjy AvIjv`vKzg|Ó Gi Dci K_v mgvß K‡i bvB| mvg‡bi evKÜv‡K mshy³ K‡i GKwU ¯^Zš¿ Aa¨vq (c~b©v½ welq e¯‘) Gi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb| GLb mvg‡bi welqUv‡K Gwo‡q wM‡q ïay cÖ_gvsk‡K MÖnY Kiv H cÖev‡ì gZB n‡e †hgbUv Òjv ZvK&iveym&mvjvnÓ Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| A_v©r Avj −vn Zvqvjv KziAvb kix‡di GK RvqMvq e‡j‡‡Qb Òjv ZvK&iveym&mvjvnÓ A_©vr †Zvgiv bvgv‡Ri Kv‡QI ‡hIYv hw` gvZvj Ae¯’vq _vK| GLb G AvqvZ †_‡K GK`j myweavev`x fÊ †jvK hviv bvgv‡Ri wec‡¶ hyw³ †`Lvq Zviv e‡j †h †`L Avj−vnB †KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb bvgv‡Ri Kv‡Q bv †h‡Z| myZivs bvgvR coe †Kb? wKš‘ †Kvb Ae¯’vq Avj−vn bvgv‡Ri Kv‡Q †h‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb †mUv Avqv‡Zi c‡ii As‡k e‡j w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e Zviv mvg‡bi H AskUv bv c‡o ïay Avqv‡Zi cÖ_gvsk c‡oB dZzqv w`‡q e‡m †h bvgv‡Ri Kv‡QI †hIYv| wVK GKB Ae¯’v ÒjvZvKZzjy AvIjv`vKzgÓ GB Avqv‡Zi †¶‡ÎI| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi c‡¶i †mB me myweavev`x †jv‡Kiv Avqv‡Zi cÖ_gvsk †ZjIqvZ K‡i dZzqv w`‡q †eovq †h ÕGLv‡b †Zv mš—vb nZ¨vi K_v wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q, Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi K_v‡Zv wb‡la Kiv nqwbÕ A_P Avj −vn Zvqvjv Avqv‡Zi †k‡l e‡j‡Qb ÒLvk&qvZv BgjvKÓ `vwi`ªZvi f‡q Gici mvg‡b wM‡q Gi KviYI D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb †h,Avwg (Avj−vn) Zv‡ì wiwR‡Ki eë¯’v Kwi Ges †Zvgv‡ì wiwR‡Ki eë¯’vI KwiÕ GB K_vUv GKUz fve‡j GUv ¯úó n‡q hvq †h Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi hZ c×wZ `vwi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y Kiv nq Gi GKUvI Rv‡qR n‡e bv| GB K_vUv AviI GKUz we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j GB fv‡e GKUz †f‡e †`Lv hvq †h mš—vb nZ¨v Kiv me©ve¯’vqB bvRv‡qR| PvB `vwi`ªZvi f‡q †nvK A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y| mvg‡b

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 68 ÒLvk&qvZv BgjvKÓ `vwi ªZvi f‡q Ges Òbvnby bvihyKzûg Iqv Bq¨vKzgÓ ,Avwg Zv‡ì‡K (Av¸š—K mš—vb‡ì‡K) wiwRK w`‡q _vwK Ges †Zvgv‡ì ‡KI| Gi ms‡hvRb Kivi Øviv GB D‡Ïk¨ †Zv n‡Z cv‡iYv †h `vwi`ªZvi f‡q mš—vb nZ¨v Kiv bvRv‡qR Avi Ab¨ Kvi‡b Rv‡qR n‡e| Zvn‡j Gi D‡Ïk¨ wK? A_©vr Avj −vnZvqvjv †Kb ej‡jb, Õ`vwi`ªZvi f‡qi K_vÕ I Avwg wiwR‡Ki eë¯’v KwiÕ ? Avmj K_v n‡jv GB `yÕwU evK¨ Avqv‡Zi †klvs‡k e„w× K‡i Avj −vn Zvqvjv A‡jŠwKK fv‡e †mme evwZj wPš—v avivi Ac‡bv`b K‡i‡Qb hvi wfwË‡Z gvbyl e‡j wiwR‡Ki mKj eë¯’v AvgivB K‡i _vwK| hv g~jZ Avj−vni Kv‡R n¯—‡¶c I `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i gZ a„óZvi Bw½Z enb K‡i| Avi ZvB Avj −vn Zvqvjv ¯úó e‡j w`‡q‡Qb †h GB aviYvUvB m¤ú~Y© fyj †h Rb¥nvi e„w× nIqvi Øviv `vwi ªZv ev‡o ! myZivs RbmsL¨vi wbqš¿Y,PvB mš—vb nZ¨vi gva¨‡g †nvK A_ev Rxeb bvk‡Ki Øviv †nvK, hw` `vwi ªZvi Rb¨ GgbUv K‡i _v‡K Zvn‡j me©ve¯’vqB Zv bvRv‡qR n‡e| GQvovI Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³v‡ì AviI GKwU AvRe ai‡Yi `jxj GB †ck K‡i †h,ivm~j (mvt) AwaKvsk mgq GB cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zb †h †n Avj−vn ! Avwg AgyK AgyK welq n‡Z Ges ÕRyn`yj evjv †_‡KÕ †Zvgvi wbKU Avkªq PvB| mvnvevMY Rvb‡Z PvBj †h Bqv ivm~jvj −vn GB Ryn`yj evjvUv Avevi wK? ivm~j (mvt) ej‡jb †h, GUv n‡jv ÒwKj−vZzjgvj Iqv KvmivZyj BqvjÓ m¤ú‡ì míZv I cwiR‡bi AvwaK¨Zv| GB `jx‡ji Dci Avgiv me© cÖ_g †Zv GB K_vi Dci nZvk Ges AevK nB †h ÕRyn yj evjvÕ Gi †h e¨vL¨v bex Kixg (mvt) Gi DØ„wZ w`‡q eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv mwVK bq| †Kbbv nv`xm kv‡¯¿i mKj wKZvevw` Zbœ Zbœ K‡i LyuR‡jI †Kv_vI ivm~‡j (mvt) KZ…©K G ai‡bi †Kvb e¨vL¨vi cÖgvb wgj‡ebv| weL¨vZ nv`xm wekvi`MY D³ nv`xm Lvbvi †h e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡iY hv mvaviYZ GB nv`xm Lvbv Rqxd Z_v ye©j e‡j cÖwZqgvb nq| cÖL¨vZ nv`xm wekvi` Avj −vgv Avng` Avjx

jvûix (ivnt) GB e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡iY †h, ÕRyn yj evjvÕ gvby‡li

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Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 70 wRwbl,†Kvb my ’ gvbylB Kvgbv Ki‡ebv †h Zvi R¡i †nvK| wKš‘ hw` †KD R‡i Avµvš— n‡q c‡o ZLb wejvc Kiv, nvq-ûZvm Kiv kixq‡Zi `„wó‡Z I we‡e‡Ki wePv‡i †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Rv‡qR bq| wKš‘ hw` fvjfv‡e âh© aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j `ywbqvi GB wec` Øxwb †bqvgZ wn‡m‡e cwieZ©b n‡q hv‡e| Ggwb fv‡e †Kvb yN©Ubvq AvnZ nIqv GK weivU wec`,†KD Kvgbv Ki‡ebv `yN©Ubvq cwZZ n‡e wKš‘ G¨vKwm‡W‡›Ui f‡q Ni †_‡K †ei nIqvB †Q‡o †Ìqv †bnv‡qZ †evKvgx Qvov Avi wK? wVK Z`ª“c GLv‡bI mí m¤ú‡` AwaK mš—vbv`x nIqv I GKwU wec`, cix¶vi welq|hvi †_‡K cvbv PvIqv meviB DwPr n‡e| hw` KviI Ggb cwiw¯’wZ †`Lv †`q Zvn‡j GUv‡K nvwm Lywk‡Z eiY K‡i †bqv DwPr| GB †¶‡Î Rb¥wbqš¿Y K‡i bvïKwiqv Kiv I âh© nxbZvi cwiPq †`qv eyw×gv‡bi KvR bq †Kbbv ivm~j (mvt) eû nv`x‡m `vwi`ªZvi dwRjZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| 3) †KD †KD †dvKvnv‡q †Kivg‡ì (Bmjvgx AvBb kv‡¯¿i cwÊZ‡ì) GB g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z Rb¥wbqš¿‡K êa ej‡Z Pvb †h dzKvnvMY e‡j‡Qb †h ya cvbKvix wkïi gvZv hw` Avi †Kvb weKí eë ’v bv cvq,gv wb‡RB Zvi ev”Pvi ya cvb Kiv‡Z nq Avi G Ae¯’vq Aš—t¯^Ëv n‡j eZ©gvb ev”Pvi kvixwiK mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e GB Rb¨ Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv Rv‡qR| GB `jx‡ji ØvivI Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi êaZvi cÖgvb nqbv, †Kbbv GB cv‡m©vbvj welqvwUi Øviv D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv hw` GB Kvi‡b Zvi Aš—tmZ¡v nIqvi c~‡e©B hw` †Kvb Amy¯’¨Zvi ì“Y `ya eÜ n‡q hvq| Ggwb fv‡e beRvZ‡Ki wcZvi hw` ZLb eZ©gvb ev”Pvi ya cvb Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ `ya gvZvi cvIbv cwi‡kva Kivi gZ mvg_© bv _vKvi Kvi‡b eZ©gvb ev”Pvi cÖvY bv‡ki mg~n m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q Zvn‡j †Kej H e¨w³i Rb¨ Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤b Kivi AbygwZ †`qv hyw³hy³ Ges †mUv H e¨w³ ch©š—B mxwgZ _vK‡e,Gi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q AbïvI (hv‡ì Ggb †Kvb mgm¨v †bB) hw` GB myweav wb‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j †mUv Rv‡qR n‡e bv| wKš‘ Dc‡ivwj−wLZ gvmAvjv (hvi

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5g hy&w³ t ‡KD †KD e‡jb AwaK mš—vb cÖme Kivi Øviv gwnjviv ~e©j,¶xYKvq n‡q hvq,Zvi ‡mŠ›`‡h©i fvUv c‡o,jveY¨Zv n«vm cvq †m Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| Zv‡ì GB hyw³ MÖnY †hvM¨ bq| cÖ_gZ : GB Rb¨ †h Avgiv cÖ_‡gB e‡j G‡mwQ †h gwnjv‡ì kvixwiK AeKvVv‡gv‡Z Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi Øviv gvivZ¡K cÖfve c‡o| AwaK mš—vb †bqvi Zzjbvq Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi ¶wZ Ryhb Ryhb †ewk | wØZxqZ : Avcbviv wcQ‡b kiqx weavb Gi Aa¨v‡q c‡o G‡m‡Qb †h gwnjv hw` mš—vb cÖm‡ei Øviv Amy¯’ n‡q hvq A_ev ‡Kvb gwnjv hw` cÖme Kvjxb Kó mn¨ Ki‡Z m¶g bv nq,G‡Kev‡i AcviM n‡q hvq Zvn‡j Zvi Rb¨ Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv Rv‡qR Av‡Q| wKš‘ GB e¨w³MZ AcviMZvi welq,Avi mvgMÖxK fv‡e Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ cÖPjb Kivi welq `yBUv m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| Dc‡ivwj−wLZ wel‡q KviI e¨w³MZ mgm¨vi Kvi‡b e¨w³ †Kw›`ªK Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q| Avi eZ©gvb Rb¥wbqš¿Y Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖPjb †MvUv †`k I RvwZ e¨vcx| mvgMÖxK fv‡e Gi cÖPvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv n‡”Q| ZvB GB `yBUv welq GKn‡Z cv‡iYv wKQz‡ZB|


`vi“YweKí eë¯’v t

Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖe³v‡ì Kv‡Q hLb ejv nq †h Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kiv gv‡b, mvivmwi m„wó KZ©vi Kv‡R n¯—‡¶c Kiv| Avi Avj −vn Zvqvjv mKj cÖvYx Kz‡ji RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ h‡_ó| ZLb Zviv GB K_v e‡j _v‡K †h, ÔAvj −vni Dci fimv Kivi A_© GB bq †h mKj Dcvq,Aej¤^b cwiZ¨vM K‡i Lvwj e‡m e‡m †Kej Avj −vn Avj−vn Kiv| Avgiv Rb¥wbqš¿Y eë¯’v †K GKUv Dcvq wn‡m‡eB †e‡Q wb‡qwQ|Õ wVK Av‡Q! AvgivI GK_v gvwb ‡h ZvIqv°zj Z_v Avj −vni Dci fimv Kivi gv‡b mKj gva¨g cwiZ¨vM Kiv bq| †Kvb Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡i Z‡eB Avj−vni Dci fimv Kiv DwPr| wKš‘, ZvIqv°zj gv‡b wK Ggb Dcvq ev gva¨g Aej¤^b Kiv,hv kixqZ cwicwš’ ? A‡hŠw³K I ev¯—e AwfÁZvi I wecixZ ? g‡b Ki“b,Avcwb GKUv †QvÆ Ni evwb‡q‡Qb NiUv GZ wbPz †h Avcwb Gi wfZi wM‡q †mvRv n‡q `vov‡j gv_v N‡ii Pv‡j (Qv‡`) †V‡K! GgZve¯’vq Avcwb N‡ii wfZi †mvRv n‡q `vov‡bvi myweav‡_© Avcbvi cv yÕUv †K‡U †d‡j †`qv eyw× gv‡bi KvR n‡e wK? bv wK N‡ii PvjUv AviI DuPv Kiv? Avgiv GLv‡b Ggb K‡qKwU welq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB hv Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZi my›ì weKí eë¯’v wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Ges GB e¨vL¨vi Kvh©Kwi wPwKrmv n‡Z cv‡i hv Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi bv‡g AvZœcÖKvk Ki‡Q|

K) Rxeb hvc‡bi eZ©gvb aviv ms‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e t

me© cÖ_gwelq n‡jv Avgiv hw` Avgv‡ì Rxeb aviv‡K Bmjvgx avu‡P M‡o Zzwj Zvn‡j (Avgv‡ì) Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb co‡ebv| wKš‘ Avgvi GB g‡Zi mv‡_ A‡bK `~i`wk© eyw×RxweB nqZ GKgZ †cvlY Ki‡ebv,Zviv Avgv‡K H Kwei gZ g‡b Ki‡e †h e‡j:

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 77 ÒgMQ Kz-evM‡g Rv‡b bv †`bv,

†K bvn° Lyb cviIqv‡bKv †nvMv|Ó †gŠgvwQ‡K †h‡Z wÌYv †Zvgiv dzj Kvb‡b,

GB ¶z`ª †cvKv Zvi RxebB wewj‡q w`‡e AKvi‡b|Ó GB `~i© wk© †jv‡Kiv hw` AviI weP¶YZvi mv‡_ welqUv fv‡e Zvn‡j Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Zv m~h©v‡jv‡Ki b¨vq ¯úó n‡q hv‡e| cÖ_‡g †m mKj KviY mg~‡ni w`‡K GKUz wd‡i †`Lv †nvK,†hme Kvi‡bi wfwË‡Z cðv‡Zï †jv‡Kiv Rb¥wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj|

1. cÖ_g KviY : hLb Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`‡ki Avwe¯‹vi n‡jv, Avi fv‡¯‹v `¨v Mvgv fviZ e‡l© AvMg‡bi H iv¯—v Aej¤^b Kij hv Avwd«Kvi `w¶Y cÖvš— n‡q AwZµg Ki‡Q| ZZw`‡b BD‡ivwcqvbiv eëmv evwb‡R¨ A‡bK DbœZ n‡q wM‡q wQj| Zv‡ì GKUv weivU `j (Kv‡djv) eëmv evwb‡R¨ g‡bvwb‡ek Kij| Rbmvavi‡Yi gv‡S Pvlvev‡ì cwie‡Z© eëmv evwb‡Rï cÖPÊ AvMÖn j¶ Kiv †Mj| hvi d‡j wkí KviLvbvi e¨vcK DbœwZ mvwaZ nj| wekvj wekvj wkí KviLvbv M‡o DVj,Avi hLbB bZzb †Kvb eo wkí cÖwZôvb cÖwZwôZ nZ| ZLb nvRvi nvRvi kªwg‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv w`Z| Gw`‡K MÖvgvÂ‡j AmsL¨ †jvK Rwg`vi‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q c‡owQj| ZvB MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv (Awaevwmiv) wkí KviLvbvq PvKzix cvIqvUv‡K GK weivU †mŠfv‡Mï cÖZxK g‡b K‡i MÖvg †Q‡o kn‡ii evmx›`v n‡Z jvMj| GB mKj cwieZ©‡bi djvdj GB `vovj †h Rwg`vix cÖ_v wejyß n‡q ‡Mj,Avi Zvi ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wbj wkí KviLvbv| Gici KvwiMwi wk‡íi cÖwZ AvMÖn evovi Kvi‡Y A‡bK †gwkb Avwe®‹vi n‡jv, Gfv‡eB wkí wec−‡ei m~Pbv n‡q †Mj|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 78 2. GB wkí we‡c −‡ei d‡j cÖ_g w`‡K †Zv BD‡ivcevmx‡ì

RbRxeb AZ¨š— †RŠjyk c~Y© †`Lv w`j, wKš‘ Gi cwiYwZ‡Z wKQz w`b ciB Zv‡ì Rxeb hvc‡b AmsL¨ msKU †`Lv w`‡Z jvMj| cvw_©e Rxe‡bi gvc KvwV A‡bK DuPz n‡q ‡Mj,cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx e¨vcKfv‡e †e‡o †Mj| Avi `ªe¨g~j¨ GZ e„w× †cj †h,mxwgZ Av‡qi †jvK‡ì Rb¨ eZ©gvb evRvi ì Abymv‡i ¯^v”Q‡›` Pjv‡Zv ~‡ii K_v,†Kvb iKg RxebUv evuwP‡q ivLvB eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡q `vovj| GB msKUgq cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GB wPš—v Ki‡Z jvMj †h wKfv‡e wb‡Ri GB mxwgZ Avq †Kej wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ Kv‡RB e¨q Kiv n‡e? Ab¨ †Kvb kixK ev Askx`vi †hb Zvi GB mxwgZ Av‡q fvM emv‡Z bv cv‡i| ZvB esk ev mš—vbv`x mxwgZ Kivi ev hZUzKz m¤¢e Kwg‡q ivLvi wPš—v fvebv gv_vq XyKj|

3. Rxeb eë¯’vi GB avivq gwnjvivI eva¨ n‡jv wPivPwiZ †mB cÖ_v †f‡½ w`‡Z,†h cyi“liv ïay KvgvB DcvR©b Ki‡e Avi bvixiv N‡ii Af¨vš—ixb eë¯’vcbvq e¨¯— _vK‡e! ZvB bvixivI m¤ú` AR©‡bi Rb¨ gq`v‡b †ewi‡q coj| Gi d‡j GKUv weivU ¶wZ‡Zv GB †`Lv w`j †h Zv‡ì c‡¶ mš—vb‡ì jvjb cvjb Kiv Lye KwVb n‡q ‡Mj| Avi wØZxq ¶wZUv n‡jv: hLb Ni †_‡K †ei nIqvi ¯^vaxbZv Zviv †c‡q †Mj Avi cyi“‡l‡ì mv‡_ Aeva †gjv †gkvi my‡hvMI †c‡q ‡Mj,ZLb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GK A™¢yZ gvbwlKZv M‡o DVj| hvi ì“YZv‡ì g‡a¨ cyi“l‡ì mv‡_ Kvu‡a Kvua wgwj‡q me KvR Kivi AvMÖn ˆZwi n‡jv| N‡ii †mev Kiv,mš—v‡bi jvjb-cvjb hv Zv‡ì cÖavb `vwqZ¡ wQj,Gi †_‡K Zviv Awbnv cÖKvk Ki‡Z jvMj,Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z jvMj| Gme Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì gvbwlKZv M‡o DVj †h,†hfv‡eB ‡nvK mš—vbwì


Sv‡gjv,ev”Pv-Kv”Pvi RÄvj †_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z cvi‡jB fvj,eis evuPv ‡Mj|

4. hLb Hk¦h© I cÖvPzh©Zvi QovQwo †`Lv w`j,ZLb abKz‡ei

Avgxi †kªYxi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì g‡bvej c~iY Ki‡Z Ges †fvM wejvwkZvi Rb¨ Ggb Ggb c×wZ Avwe¯‹vi Kij,hv AZ¨vaywbK nIqvi cvkvcvwk ga¨weË I wbgœweË‡ì Rb¨ ~g~©j¨ wQj| G‡ì †`Lv‡`wL ga¨weË,wbgœweË †kªYxi †jv‡Kiv

†mB D”P g~‡jï ªe¨v`x eënvi Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i w`j| hvi d‡j †jvK‡ì A‡bK wejvkx mvgMÖxI wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx n‡q †Mj| djkÖ“wZ‡Z Rxeb hvÎvi gvÎv GZ D”P ch©v‡q wM‡q †cuŠQvj †h,GKRb ga¨weË †jv‡Ki ¯^¯¿xK †cU cvjvB KwVb n‡q `vovj| Lv`¨- ª‡e¨ AviI AwaK e¨q Kivi‡Zv cÖkœB D‡Vbv|

5. bvw¯—KZv,e ‘ev`x †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì Aš—i †_‡K Avj −vni Aw¯—‡Z¡i wek¦vmUv `~i K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì wek¦vm †h, ÔZv‡ì wiwRK`vZv Avj−vn Qvov Ab¨ †KD Av‡Qb,whwb Zv‡ì‡K Ggb ~i ~ivš— †_‡K I †Mvcb ’vb †_‡K wiwRK `vb K‡iY hv mvaviY Áv‡bi evB‡i|Õ

G¸wj wQj H me KviY mg~‡ni Av‡jvPbv †hB Kvi‡Yi wfwË‡ZB BD‡iv‡ci †jv‡Kiv Rb¥wbqš¿Y Kiv‡K Ri“ix g‡b K‡iwQj| GB KviY ¸wj Aa¨vqb Ki‡j Avcwb wb‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb †h Zviv ïi“‡ZB GKUv gvivZœK fyj K‡i e‡m‡Q †h Zviv Zv‡ì Rxeb-hvc‡bi aviv‡K Hk¦h©, †fvM-wejvwkZv I e¯‘evw`Zvi Aš—tmvi ïb¨ wfwËi Dci wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| Gici hLb wewfbœ mgm¨vq RR©wiZ n‡q c‡o‡Q ZLb Zviv 2q Av‡iK gvivZœK fy‡ji m¤§ywLb n‡q‡Q †h,Rxeb


hvÎvi GB wejvwkZv envj †i‡LB emwZ (RbmsL¨v) n«vm Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| GB `xN© Av‡jvPbv Øviv Avcwb nqZ AewnZ n‡q _vK‡eb †h RbmsL¨v n«vm Kiv †Kvb ¯^fveRvZ cš’v bq| eis wKQz Ri“ix cwiw¯’wZi m¤§ywLb n‡q cvðvZ¨ mgv‡R Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖPjb n‡qwQj| GB Kvi‡bB hLb cÖ_g cÖ_g 1758 m‡b g¨vj_vm GB gZev` Avwe¯‹vi K‡iwQj ZLb cwðgv RMZ Ge¨vcv‡i ‡Kvb AvMÖnY †`Lvqwb| Gici 1876 m‡b wØZxq evi c~bivq GB Av‡›`v‡jvb RvMÖZ nj Ges Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi cÖPjb Ki‡Z jvMj| wØZxqZ: Avcwb wcQ‡b G‡ì Ae ’v c‡o G‡m‡Qb †h,Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi d‡j †mme †`‡k wK wK fqven ¶wZKi cÖfve c‡o‡Q? GUv hw` †Kvb ¯^fveRvZ cš’vnZ Zvn‡j fvj djvdjB cÖKvk †cZ| ZvB hw` KL‡bv Ggb cwiw ’wZ †`Lv †`q hvi wfwË‡Z GB A¯^vfvweK c×wZi Dci Avgj Kiv Avek¨K nZ Zvn‡j cÖRbb I esk we¯—v‡ii ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqv Dbœqbkxj nZbv| eis †mB mKj Ae ’v e`‡j †djv DwPr hv GKwU A¯^vfvweK cš’vi w`‡K wb‡q hv‡”Q|

Bmjv‡gi Rxeb hvcb bxwZ t Bmjv‡gi wPiš—b weav‡bi Dci hw` h_vh_fv‡e Avgj Kiv nq Zvn‡j †mme †cÖ¶vcUB m„wó n‡ebv hvi ì“Y gvbyl Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡e| Bmjvg cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ cyuwRev‡ì †Mvov KZ©Y K‡i w`‡q‡Q| my`‡K KwVbfv‡e wbwl× †Nvlbv K‡i‡Q| gvj (wmwÛ‡K‡Ui gva¨‡g) †Mv`vgRvZ K‡i ivLvi cÖwµqv‡K N„Y¨Zg Aciva e‡j‡Q| Ryqv‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i‡Q| hvKvZ,Dki,wLivR Ges DËivwaKvi Gi weavb Rvwi K‡i‡Q| GmKj my›ì eë¯’vcbv Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K iwnZ K‡i †`q| cvðv‡Z¨ Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi Av‡iKwU cwiKíbv wQj gwnjv‡ì‡K Ni †_‡K †ei Kiv| Bmjv‡g bvix‡K DËivwaKvix Ges ¯^vgx‡K Zvi hveZxq fiY-‡cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 81 w`‡q bvixi gvbwlKZv †_‡K GB wPš—v `~iK‡i w`‡q‡Q †h, Zv‡K DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ Ni †_‡K †ei n‡Z n‡e! Gw`‡K bvix cyi“‡li Aeva wgjv‡gkvi †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó KiZ c`©vi weavb Rvwi K‡i‡Q| Ges †m me Kvi‡bi g~‡jvrcvUb K‡i w`‡q‡Q,‡h Kvi‡Y bvixiv mš—vbv`x jvjb cvj‡bi Sv‡gjv †_‡K Ges N‡ivqv KvR †_‡K Awbnv cÖKvk KiZt `y‡i _vK‡Z cQ›` KiZ| Bmjv‡gi PvwiwÎK cÖwk¶Y gvbyl‡K mv`vwmav Rxeb hvcb avi Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i| Ges GB c×wZUv A_©‰bwZK I wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi †¶‡Î LyeB DcKvix| Bmjvg g`cvb,e¨vwfPvi,Awk−jZv Ges †envqvcbv‡K nvivg I A‰ea †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| Ges Ggb A‡bK Ah_v Nyiv‡div‡KI wb‡la K‡i hv †Kej †mŠwLbZv,wejvwkZvi ì“Y n‡q _v‡K| AZtci Bmjvg Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li mv‡_ `qv,mngwg©Zv,åvZ…Z¨‡eva wk¶v †`q| Amnvq Abv_ `y¯’‡ì mnvqZvq GwM‡q Avm‡Z DØy× K‡i| Bmjv‡g GI wk¶v †`q †h cÖwZ‡ewki AwaKvi wK n‡e Avi AvZœxq ¯^Rb‡ì AwaKviI wK n‡e| GB mKj weavbvejxi Øviv Bmjvg,bd‡mi †Mvjvgx,wejvk wcÖqZv I gbMov asmvZ¡K Kvh©µg †_‡K weiZ iv‡L| hviv cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvq Rb¥wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z †jvK‡ì‡K DrmvnxZ KiwQj GgbwK evaÏ KiwQj| me‡P‡q eo K_v Bmjvg †mB †Lv`vi ¯§iY Kwi‡q‡Q gvbyl‡K,whwb mKj m„wói (Lv‡jK) m„wóKZ©v I wiwRK `vZv,†h †Lv`v n‡Z wew”Qbœ gvbyl †Kej wb‡Ri †Póvi Dci fimv Ki‡Z _v‡K| Bmjvg G‡m †mB me †jvK‡ì‡K Avnevb Ki‡Q †h †Zvgv‡ì gvwjK GKRb Av‡Qb whwb †Zvgv‡ì m„wó K‡i‡Qb,wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K AÁvZ mv‡iB m„wó K‡i †d‡jb wb eis wZwb fvjfv‡eB Rv‡bb †h,†Zvgiv †Kv_vq Rxeb hvcb K‡iv I wK LvI? Zvi Kv‡QB GKw`b wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e| ‡gvUK_v Bmjvg Gme cÖÁvc~Y© g~jbxwZi gva¨‡g †m mKj wQ`ªc_ eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q,hvi Øviv Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi †Kvb aviYv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Ges †m me KviY mg~‡ni wejywß NwU‡q‡Q| hvi Kvi‡YB cvðvZ¨ mgvR Rb¥wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z GwM‡q wQj| GB me welqv`x ch©v‡jvPbv KiZ:

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 82 Avcwb wb‡RB wm×vš— wb‡Z cv‡iY,hw` Bmjv‡gi wPiš—b weavb mg~‡ni Dci kZfvM Avgj Kiv nq Zvn‡j Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi Avi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb _v‡K wK?

Drcv`b e„w× Kiv t Avcbv‡ì Zv Rvbv Av‡Q †h,AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq cvwK¯—v‡bi (evsjv‡`kmn) RbmsL¨v †ewk bq| eis Zv eZ©gvb Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Zzjbvq h‡_ó| RbmsL¨v AviI e„w× †c‡j GB dmj ZLb h‡_ó n‡Zvbv,msKU †`Lv w`Z| GB Rb¨ Avgv‡ì GLb KiYxq nj h_vm¤¢e Drcv`b e„w× Kiv| hv Kivi h‡_ó my‡hvM GB †`‡k i‡q‡Q| me©cÖ_g GB †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e,†h cwigvb AvqZb Avgv‡ì Av‡Q,Zvi g‡a¨ †ewk K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv Ges GB †¶‡Î êÁvwbK c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv,hv‡Z Aí Rwg‡Z AwaK cwigv‡b Pvl ev dmj djv‡bv m¤¢e nq| Gw`K †_‡K Avgiv Rvcvb I nj¨vÛ‡K g‡Wj wn‡m‡e wb‡Z cvwi| Zviv AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi †P‡q †QvU nIqv m‡ZÏ wKfv‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi Zzjbvq dmj wZb †_‡K Pvi¸b †ewk djv‡Z m¶g nq! KviY GKUvB,Avi Zvn‡jv Zviv Zv‡ì Rwg‡Z weÁvb I cÖhyw³i eënvi K‡i _v‡K| Gici cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK Abvev`x cwiZ¨v³ Rwg¸wj‡K Pvlvev‡ì Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡e| †MvUv cvwK¯—v‡b (evsjv‡`kmn) Ggb Abvev`x cwiZ¨v³ Rwg‡bi cwigvb n‡jv weqvwj−k †KvwU †ZlwÆ j¶ †ZZvwj −k nvRvi GKi Rwg| hvi AwaKvsk Rwg K…wl ev Pvlvev‡ì Dc‡hvMx| gvÎ Qq †KvwU AvUvBk j¶ mvZ nvRvi GKi Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` n‡”Q| Zvn‡j eySv †Mj †h me©‡gvU f~L‡Êi gvÎ 25 kZvsk RwgI GLb Pvlvev‡ì Kv‡R eëüZ n‡”Qbv| Abvev`x Rwg¸wj Avev` K‡i cÖP~i cwigv‡b Drcv`b evov‡bv m¤¢e| cvwK¯—v‡bi K…wl weÁvbx I A_©bxwZwe`‡ì AwfgZI GUvB †h Avgiv hw` Avgv‡ì Abvev`x Rwg¸wj‡K h_vh_ êÁvwbK c×wZi gva¨‡g Pvlvev‡ì AvIZvq G‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Z cvwi

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 83 Zvn‡j RbmsL¨v evo‡jI †mB ewa©Z RbmsL¨vi hveZxq cÖ‡qvRbv`xi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z h‡_ô n‡e|

Drcvw`Z dm‡ji h_vh_ msi¶Y t dmj Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ GK_vI fvjfv‡e †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e,†h cwigvb cb¨ I Lv`¨kl¨ Drcvw`Z nq †mUv bó n‡q hvIqv †_‡K †ndvRZ Kiv| evn¨Z GUv GKUv mvaviY K_v g‡b nq| wKš‘ Mfxi `„wó w`‡j Ges weP¶YZvi mv‡_ wPš—v Ki‡j GUv GKUv weivU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| †h †Kvb m¤ú`‡K Ah_vB †d‡j ivLv A_ev Gi f~j eënvi Kiv,¸`vgRvZKiY,cyuwRev`,¯§vMwjs I Ryqv BZ¨vw` me wKQzB m¤ú` AcPq I bó K‡i †`qvi kvwgj| Gi cÖ‡Z¨KUv‡K hw` Avcwb Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i we‡k−lY K‡iY Zvn‡j ey‡S Avm‡e Avgiv G‡Z wjß n‡q wK gvivZœK f~j KiwQ|

1. Ggb A‡bK wRwbm Av‡Q hvi †_‡K Avgiv mwVK KvRUv †bB bv| Avi Gfv‡eB Ae‡njvq †d‡j ivwL| †hgb cvwK¯—v‡bi gi`vb GjvKvq GZ weivU GKUv wPwbi wgj Av‡Q hv Gwkqvi me© e„nr| wKš‘ †mLv‡b †MÛvwi †_‡K im †ei K‡i AveiY¸wj Ggwb‡ZB †d‡j †`qv nq| A_P GUv Lye DcKvix GKUv e ‘| KvbvWvi gZ †`‡k GB Av‡Li ik †ei K‡i Gi Aewkó AveiY w`‡qB KvMR evbv‡bv nq| Ges Gi †P‡q eo welq n‡jv wg‡ji wfZ‡i Av‡Li †h ¶z`ªvwZ¶y`ªvsk †j‡M _v‡K Zv †ei K‡i G‡b Zv Øviv Jla evbv‡bv nq| Avgiv hw` cvðvZ¨ †`k mg~n †_‡K GB me bZzb ¶wZKviK Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ MÖnY bv K‡i GB Ávb weÁv‡bi fvÊvi wkwL ev MÖnY Kwi Zvn‡j Avgvi g‡Z Avgv‡ì gvbgh©v`v I AvZœm¤§v‡bi †Kvb ¶wZ ev NvUwZ n‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi bv| Av‡iKwU D`vniY ïbyb! Avgv‡ì †`‡k dmj KvUvi mgq kx‡li mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi Ro mn Dc‡i †djv nq ev †K‡U Avbv nq| Avi


Gi eënvi Kiv nq cïi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e A_P GB Ro DwV‡q wb‡q Avmvi Øviv gvwUi De©iZv K‡g hvq, Ab¨vb¨ DbœZ †`k mg~‡n dm‡ji GB Ro mg~n gvwU‡ZB †i‡L Avmv nq hvi d‡j Rwgb AviI De©i I kw³kvjx nq|

2. GQvov AviI A‡bK wRwbm Av‡Q hvi fyj eënvi Kivi Øviv Avgiv AK…ZÁZvi cwiPq †`B| AviI GKUv D`vniY GB †`qv hvq Zvn‡jv: Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †gvU Pvlvev‡ì Rwgb cÖvq Qq‡KvwU AvUvBk j¶ GKi,hv K…wl Awa`ß‡ii wi‡cvU© †_‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ GKj¶ Pzqvbœ nvRvi mvZkZ AvUPwjk GKi Rwg‡Z ïay ZvgvK Pvl Kiv nq hv n‡Z 20 †KvwU 23 j¶ 7 nvRvi 300 cvDÛ ZvgvK Drcvw`Z nq| †h †`‡ki RbMY ¶zav, `vwi ªZv,AwaK RbmsL¨v I AíAv‡qi ì“Y Rxeb msKUvcb¨ nIqvi wPrKvi,nv½vgv Ry‡o ‡mv‡i Ki‡Q| †mB †`‡k cÖvq †mvqv `yB j¶ GKi Rwg‡Z †Kej ZvgvK Pvl Kiv, hv gvby‡li kvixwiK gvivZœK ¶wZKviK wn‡m‡e cÖgvwbZ,GUv wK Ab¨vq bq? ¶zavZ© I `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi mv‡_ GUv wK GK ai‡bi Dcnvm bq? Ggb ¶wZKviK e¯‘i Pvl m¤úyY© iƒ‡c eÜ Kiv,Aš—Zc‡¶ Pvlvev‡ì cwigvb nªvm Kivi †Póv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

3. ÷K eëmvqx, (wmwÛ‡K‡Ui gva¨‡g) ¯§vMjviiv iv‡óªi Drcv`b cÖwµqv‡K e¨nZ KiZt †h Ac~iYxq ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K Zv †`k I RvwZ‡K aŸs‡mi Øvi cÖv‡š— wb‡q hvq| Z‡e GK_vI mZ¨ †h iv‡óªi c‡¶ Gme gvwdqv‡ì G‡Kev‡i wbg~©j KivI m¤¢e bq| Z‡e Avgiv hw` †`k‡K fvjevwm,†`‡ki Dbœqb Ki‡Z PvB Ges †h cwigvb kvwiixK,Avw_©K †Póv Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi e¨vcv‡i K‡i _vwK| GZUzKz †Póv mvabv hw` wbL~Zfv‡e G¸‡jv `gb Ki‡Z e¨q Kwi, Zvn‡j e¨vcK MYm‡PZbZv G‡ì wei“‡× M‡o Zzj‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j GB e`gvBk,MvÏvi¸wj †`k RvwZ I iv‡óªi GZ gvivZœK ¶wZ


Kivi gZ mr mvn‡mi (!) my‡hvM cv‡ebv| n‡Z cv‡i Avgvi GB wPš—vavivi mv‡_ †Kvb †Kvb eyw×Rxwe GKgZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges GB Av‡jvPbv‡K A‡nZzK fve‡eb| wKš‘ ev¯—eZvn‡jv GB me gvivZœK fyj mg~‡ni Kvi‡Y †h me wbqvgZ nvZQvov n‡q hv‡”Q †mUv †Zv Av‡QB,Gi Kvi‡b Av‡iKwU gnv¶wZ GI n‡”Q †h Ab¨vb¨ †hmKj Rxeb DcKiY i‡q‡Q Zv‡ZI †e-eK©Zx n‡q hv‡”Q| Ges †h cwigvb m¤ú` n‡jB Avgv‡ì h‡_ó n‡q †hZ Zv GLb Avi n‡”Qbv|

4. m¤ú‡ì myôye›Ub t

PZz_© ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡jv Rwgb I Rwg‡bi Drcvw`Z dmj mn hveZxq m¤ú` Zv‡ì nK¡`v‡ii wbKU h_vh_ myôy I b¨vq bxwZi gva¨‡g e›Ub Kiv| Ggb †hb bv nq †h,mej ~e©‡ji m¤ú` MÖvm K‡i wb‡q‡Q| hw` e›Ub Kivi †¶‡Î Awbqg nq,Zvn‡j Drcvw`Z dmj hZ cÖPzi cwigv‡bB †nvK bv †Kb,A_ev RbmsL¨v hZB n«vm Kiv †nvK bv †Kb,me©ve¯’vq Rxeb-hvc‡bi msKU †j‡MB _vK‡e|

5. RbmsL¨v I AvqZ‡bi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨Zv t Avcbviv Av‡MB ‡R‡b G‡m‡Qb †h cvwK¯—v‡bi (evsjv‡`kmn) AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v †ewk bq| mv‡_ GK_vI we‡ePbvq ivLv DwPr,GB mvgÄm¨Zv †`‡ki me cÖ‡`‡ki †¶‡Î mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ bq,Gi GKUv Abygvb Gfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi emwZi nvi cÖwZ gvB‡j 771.8| A_P †ejywP¯—v‡bi RbmsL¨vi nvi cÖwZ gvB‡j 8.8| Gai‡bi RbmsL¨vi nvi †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡k wewfbœ iKg †`Lv hvq| GB eëavb ~i KiZt Gi GKUv mvgÄm¨Zv m„wó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Ggb †hb bv nq ‡h,†`‡ki mKj RbmsL¨vi Pvc †Kej `yÕGKUv cÖ‡`‡k

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 86 co–K Avi Ab¨ me cÖ‡`k Lvwj c‡o _vKzK| mvgÄm¨Zv eRvq ivL‡Z n‡j †h me GjvKvq †jvKmsL¨v Kg †mLv‡b wgj-†d±ix,wkí-KviLvbv ¯’vcb Kiv DwPr| Ges †mB GjvKv ¸‡jv wewfbœ Dbœqb g~jK c`‡¶c wb‡q emwZ ’vc‡bi eë¯’v Kiv DwPr| Gfv‡eB Nb emwZ GjvKv †_‡K nvjKv emwZc~Y© GjvKvq †jvK‡ì ¯’vbvš—wiZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡`‡ki gvbyl kvwš— I ¯^”Qjfv‡e Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GK_v mZ¨ †h GUv GKUv my`yi cÖmvix cwiKíbv| Ges Lye Kómva¨ e¨vcvi| wKš‘ †`k I RbM‡bi Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© GZUzKz Kó I Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Kiv wK LyeB Am¤¢e e¨vcvi? 6. †`kUv‡K DbœZ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z I mg„w×i w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z

GmKj c×wZ hw` Aej¤^b Kiv nq,Zvn‡j GK_v `vex K‡iB ej‡Z cvwi,†`‡ki RbmsL¨v hZB e„w× cvK ZeyI gvbyl G‡`‡k bv †L‡q gi‡e bv | Ges RxweKv wbe©v‡n K‡ói m¤§yw¶YI Zv‡K n‡Z n‡e bv| GmKj c×wZ Ggb h_v_© †h,Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi gZ RNb¨ I ¶wZKviK c×wZ Aej¤^b Kivi cwie‡Z© G¸wj MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| A_© msKU,evm¯’v‡bi mswKY©Zv mn hveZxq msKU †gvKv‡ejvq Lye fvjfv‡eB Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i hv Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi Øviv †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ wKQz †jvK Zrci n‡”Q|

gynv¤§` ZvwK Dmgvbx| 871, Mv‡W©b B÷ KivPx|

17, wW‡m¤î 1960|


ms‡hvRb

Mf©cvZ I Bmjv‡gi dvqmvjv t Avgv‡ì g~j wKZv‡ei GB `xN© I Z_¨ wfwËK ¯^viMf© Av‡jvPbvi ci Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi e¨cv‡i GKRb m‡PZb cvV‡Ki Avi †Kvb welq A¯úó _vKvi K_v bq| gnvb Avj−vn Zvqvjv I ciKv‡j wek¦vmx GKRb gyÕwgb ev›`vi Avg‡ji Rb¨ GB wKZve mwVK w`K wb‡`k©bv w`‡e e‡j Avgiv h‡_ó g‡b Kwi| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi hveZxq LywUbvwU welq I Gi mwVK dvqmvjv my¯úó fv‡e G‡Z Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e ÔMf©cvZÕ Gi gZ AZxe ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv i‡q ‡M‡Q| hv g~jZ Rb¥ wb‡iv‡ai D‡Ï‡k¨B Kiv n‡q _v‡K Ges Ghy‡M Gi e¨vcK cÖPjbI j¶ Kiv hv‡”Q| welqwUi Mfxi Zvrch©Zv I cÖ‡qvRxqZvi KviY Abyaveb KiZt cvVK‡ì DcKviv‡_© Gi m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv I Gi e¨vcv‡i kixq‡Z Bmjvwgqvi mwVK dvqmvjv wK? Zv Rvbvi cÖqvm cve Bb&kv Avj−vn| Mf©cvZ wK? Mf©cvZ ejv nq,M‡f©i mš—vb‡K AKv‡j bó K‡i †djv| PvB Zv G‡Kev‡i m~Pbv j‡Mœ (ïµv‡bv-wW¤^v‡bv) nDK, A_ev Gi wKQzw`b ci å“Y bó Kivi Øviv| A_ev gvbevK…wZ aviY Kivi ci cÖvY mÂv‡ii c~‡e© nDK A_ev cªvY mÂv‡ii c‡i| Zvn‡j eySv ‡Mj Mf©cvZ Pvi ai‡Yi n‡q _v‡K| 1| B,wm,wc Z_v Bgvi‡RÝx Kb©Uv‡mdBU wcj| 2| Gg,Avi Z_v å“Y nZ¨v| 3| Mf©cvZ,cÖvY mÂv‡ii c~‡e©| 4| Mf©cvZ cÖvY mÂv‡ii ci| 1| Bwmwc. Z_v Bgvi‡RÝx Kb©Uv‡mdBU wcj t A_v©r cyi“‡li exh© gwnjvi Rivqy‡Z †cŠuQvi ci GK ai‡bi Rb¥ cÖwZ‡ivaK Jla (Rb¥ wb‡iv‡ai D‡Ï‡k¨) eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| hvi Øviv gwnjvi

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 88 Rivqy †_‡K cyi“‡li exh©Uv Bgvi‡RÝx wfwË‡Z †ei n‡q Av‡m| mš—vb aviY nIqvi AvksKv _v‡Kbv| Gai‡Yi Jla 50%-80% Kvh©Ki e‡j we‡ewPZ| hv mvaviYZt ¯^vgx-¯¿xi wgj‡bi ciciB Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GgbwK `yÕgv‡mi Aš—mË¡v nIqvi ciI G RvZxq Jlya Kvh©Kwi e‡j cÖgvwbZ| G e¨cv‡i kixq‡Zi dvqmvjvt- Dc‡ivwj −wLZ cš’v Aej¤^b KiZt mš—vb m¤¢vebv‡K bm¨vZ K‡i †`qv Bmjvwg kixq‡Zi `„wó‡Z bvRv‡qh| hwÌ GUv GL‡bv gvÎ exh©| gvbe‡`‡ni AvK…wZ I cÖvY mÂvwiZ bv nIqvi ì“Y G‡K bó K‡i †`qv cvwifvwlK nZ¨vi MwÊ‡Z c‡obv| wKš‘ Zv‡K wbR Ae¯’vq †Q‡o w`‡j †Zv c~Y© GKwU gvbe mË¡vi iƒc aviY KiZ| ZvB fwel¨‡Zi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L D³ exh©‡K RxweZ mË¡vi ûKz‡g aiv n‡q‡Q| wdKvnwe`MY Zvi `„óvš— wnmv‡e wb‡gœv³ gvmAvjvwU †ck K‡i _v‡Kb| Avi Zv n‡jv †h, hw` †Kvb e¨w³ n‡¾i Gnivg Ae¯’vq Po–B cvwLi wWg †f‡½ †d‡j| ZLb †hgwbfv‡e Po–B cvwL gvivi Kvi‡Y Zvi Dci `g I Kvd&dviv IqvwRe nq, ‡Zgwbfv‡e wWg fv½vi Kvi‡YI `g I Kvd&dviv IqvwRe n‡e| myZivs †hfv‡e G gvmAvjvq eZ©gv‡bi Dci fwel¨‡Zi ûKzg ‡Ìqv n‡q‡Q †Zgwb fv‡e gvbe exh© hv gwnjvi Rivqy‡Z ‡cŠu‡Q †M‡Q fwel¨‡Zi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L Zvi Dci RxweZ bd‡mi ûKzg jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© weL¨vZ nvbvdx Av‡jg Avj −vgv kvgQzj AvB¤§v mvivLmx (int) wj‡Lb- Mf©vk‡q w¯’Z cvwb hZ¶Y ch©š— ¯^vfvweK _vK‡e ZZ¶Y ch©š— Zv Rxeb jv‡fi Dchy³ e‡j we‡ewPZ| myZivs GB cvwb‡K aŸsm Kiv †ZgbB `Êbxq Aciva †hgb Zv RxweZ Ae¯’vq aŸsm Kiv Aciva| (gvem~Z: 26;87) Avj−vgv Be‡b Av‡e`xb kvgx (int) Gi g‡Z exh© gwnjvi M‡f© †cŠQvi ci †kl ch©v‡q Rx‡ei AvKvi aviY K‡i,ZvB ex‡h©i Dci RxweZ gvby‡li ûKzg cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡e| †hgb Po–B cvwLi wWg †f‡½ †djv RxweZ Po–B cvwL nZ¨vi b¨vq| weL¨vZ gvwjKx Av‡jg kvqL Avn¤§` DjvBk (int) wj‡L‡Qb

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 89 Rb¥ wb‡iv‡ai D‡Ï‡k¨ Jla eënvi Kiv bvRv‡qR| Mf©vk‡q ïµvYy M„nxZ nevi ci ¯^vgx-¯¿x A_ev Zv‡ì ev`x‡ì gvwj‡Ki c‡¶I Mf©cv‡Zi †Póv Kiv bvRv‡qR| Zv‡Z A½ m„wói c~‡e©iI GKB weavb| (dZzûj Avjx Avj-gvwjKx- 1:399) weL¨vZ kvdx Av‡jg Avj−vgv ZvRyÏxb web mvjvg e‡jbt- ÒGgb Jla eënvi Kiv,hvi Øviv Mf© aviY ¶gZv †kl n‡q hvq,Rv‡qR †bB|Ó GB wel` eY©bvi gva¨‡g GB K_v my®úó n‡q †Mj †h,Rb¥weiwZi Jla Ges GRvZxq †h †Kvb cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv bvRv‡qR nIqvi Dci mKj M‡elbv †K‡› ªi D‡j −L‡hvM¨ Ijvgv‡q‡Kivg GKgZ| †Kvb AmvaviY IRi e¨wZZ ïay mš—vb †_‡K evuPvi Rb¨ †Kvb c×wZ MÖnY Kiv Av‡`Š Rv‡qR †bB| n¨vu hw` Mf© avi‡Yi Kvi‡Y eo ai‡Yi ¶wZi m¤§y¶xb n‡Z nq ZLb GB †QvU ¶wZi w`‡K j¶¨ bv K‡i eo ¶wZ †_‡K evuP‡Z A¯’vqx †h †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zv Aek¨B †Kvb Øxb`vi weÁ Wv³v‡ii civg‡k© n‡Z n‡e| 2| Gg,Avi Z_v å“Y nZ¨v Kiv t Rb¥ weiwZi Av‡iv GKwU c×wZ n‡jv Gg,Avi Z_v AKvj cÖme Kiv,å“Y nZ¨v Kiv| Gg,Avi n‡jv GK ai‡Yi wUDe (†gvUv wmwiÄ) BD‡Uiv‡mi wfZi cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Zvi gva¨‡g wW¤^v‡bv I ïµv‡Yv‡K †ei K‡i †`qv nq| GUv mvaviYZ: Aš—mË¡v nIqvi 2gvm c‡bi w`‡bi wfZi Kiv nq| Gi †_‡K †ewk mgq n‡q †M‡j Acv‡ikb ev Gai‡Yi RwUj †Kvb eë¯’v MÖnY K‡i Zv m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi Abœvb¨ c×wZ mg~‡ni b¨vq GUvI webv IR‡i Kiv bvRv‡qR| 3| Mf©cvZt cÖvY mÂv‡ii c~‡e© A_v©r gv‡qi M‡f© mš—vb cwic~Y©iƒ‡c A_ev AvswkK gvbevK…wZ aviY K‡i‡Q Z‡e cÖvY mÂvwiZ nqwb,Ggb mš—vb‡K †Kvb Jla,Acv‡ikb A_ev †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i AKv‡j Mf©cvZ Kiv‡bv|

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 90 G e¨cv‡i Bmjv‡gi weavbt m¤§vwbZ cvVK g‡nv`q,c~‡e©i `ywU Av‡jvwPZ welq I Gi kiqx dvqmvjv Rvbvi ci eZ©gvb welqwU m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb †h GUv c~‡e©i `ywU wel‡qi Zzjbvq RwUj| †m¸‡jv hw` bvRv‡qR n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j eZ©gvb welqwU Rv‡qR nIqvi †Kvb AeKvkB _vKvi K_v bq| Zv_vwc Avgv‡ì wdKvnwe`M‡Yi AwfgZ¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c D‡j−L KiwQ hv‡Z welqwU m~h©v‡jv‡Ki b¨vq ¯úó n‡q hvq| Ge¨vcv‡i Avj−vgv Be‡b Av‡e`xb kvgx (int) wj‡Lb t- Òhw` M‡f©i mš—v‡bi †Kvb A½ cÖZ¨½ cÖKvk †c‡q hvq| h_v bL,Pzj,Zvn‡j Zv‡K cwic~Y© gvby‡li ûKz‡g aiv n‡e|Ó Avj−vgv wLwRi †eK (int) Gi g‡Z t Òmš—vb c~Y© †`n MV‡bi c~‡e© gv‡qi Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Avi c~Y© †`n MV‡bi ci Avjv`v mË¡v wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e,D³ ev”Pv RxweZ gvby‡li gZ cÖvc¨ cv‡e,†m cwiZ¨³ m¤úwË n‡Z Ask cv‡e,Zvi e¨vcv‡i AwQqZ mwVK n‡e,Ges gv hw` `vwm nq Z‡e gv‡K ^vaxb bv K‡i ïay D³ Mf©RvZ mš—vb‡K ¯^vaxb K‡i †ÌqvI mwVK n‡e| Gai‡Yi ev”Qv bó K‡i †djv wdKvn we`M‡Yi me©m¤§wZµ‡g nvivg I bvRv‡qh| eis †KD hw` †Kvb Aš—tmË¡v gwnjvi †c‡U AvNvZ K‡i,hvi d‡j Mf©bó n‡q hvq,PvB Zvi AvK…wZ cwic~Y© †nvK ev bv †nvK,Djvg‡q †Kiv‡gi HK¨g‡Z D³ e¨w³i Dci GKwU †Mvjvg ev euv`x Avhv` Kiv IqvwRe|Ó Ggwbfv‡e Bgvg kvdx I Avng` Be‡b nv¤^j (int) Gi wbKU cÖvY mÂvi nIqvi c~‡e© gvZ…M‡f© cvwjZ ev”Pvi ¯^Zš¿ Aw¯—Ë¡ i‡q‡Q| Avi Zv bó Kiv Zv‡ì g‡Z AZ¨š— wb›`bxq Aciva| Ggwbfv‡e Avj−vgv kvidzÏxb (int) Gi g‡Z eySv hvq GB D‡Ï‡k¨ hZ cÖKvi cš’vB Aej¤^b Kiv †nvK PvB gviwcU,Jla me bvRv‡qR| hw` gwnjv wb‡RB Mf© bó K‡i †d‡j ZeyI Rv‡qR †bB| G e¨vcv‡i Be‡b Av‡e`xb kvgx (int) e‡jb t ÒGK_v ¯úó †h gvbe AvK…wZ cÖKvk


cvIqvi ci hw` †c‡Ui ev”Pv gv‡qi †Kvb AvPi‡Y gviv hvq Z‡e †mI nZ¨vi †MvbvnMvi n‡e|Ó Avj−vgv Beªvnxg bLqx (int)I M‡f©i mš—vb bó Kiv‡K ¯úó bvRv‡qR nvivg I RNb¨Zg KvR wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡iY| gwnjv wb‡R bó Ki‡jI Gi Rb¨ Kvddviv Avek¨K n‡e| ‡gvUK_v Mf©cvZ me©ve¯’vq bvRv‡qR,cÖvY mÂvi‡ii c~‡e© G‡K gv‡qi GKwU A½ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †hgwb fv‡e †Kvb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv nvivg †Zgwb †Kvb gvby‡li †Kvb A½‡K webv Kvi‡Y †K‡U †d‡j †`qvI nvivg| gv‡qi M‡f©i mš—v‡bi e¨vcv‡i hw` †Kvb AmvaviY gvivZœK Ihi I AcviMZv _v‡K Zvn‡j wfbœ K_v,GQvov ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq GgbUv Kivi †Kvb AeKvk †bB| 4| Mf©cvZt cÖvYmÂv‡ii c‡i Avgv‡ì c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbv ¸‡jv ey‡S _vK‡j eZ©gvb welqwU eyS‡Z †Kvb Kó nIqvi K_v bq,KviY Gi ûKzg c~‡e©i gvmAvjv ¸‡jv n‡Z Av‡iv my®úó| nv`xm kix‡di fvl¨g‡Z Mf©avi‡Yi Pvi gvm A_©vr GKk wekw`b ci Zv‡Z cÖvY mÂvi nq| Lye m¤¢e å“Y weÁvwbivI GB gZ‡K mg_©b K‡iY| å“‡Y cÖvY mÂvwiZ nIqvi ci Mf©cvZ Kiv me©m¤§wZµ‡g nvivg| KviY M‡f©i mš—v‡b cÖvY mÂvi nIqvi ci Zv GKwU RxweZ bd‡m cwiYZ nq| Zvi gv‡S Ges Ab¨vb¨ mš—vb‡ì gv‡S GZUzKz cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z nq †h,GKUv nj gvZ… M‡f©i c ©vi Aš—iv‡j Avi wØZxqUv nj Avengvb c„w_exi ey‡K| ‡h‡nZz nZ¨v ejv nq RxweZ †Kvb mË¡vi Rxeb cÖ`xc wbwf‡q †`qv‡K,PvB Zv gv‡qi M‡f© †nvK wKsev GB c„w_ex‡Z Avmvi ci †nvK,†m‡nZz DfqwU nZ¨v Kiv mgvb Aciva e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Jla Øviv †nvK ZvI nZ¨v,Avi A¯¿ ev jvwV Øviv †nvK ZvI nZ¨v e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Ge¨vcv‡i gvwjKx gvhnv‡ei cÖL¨vZ Av‡jg Avj−vgv Avng` DjvBk (int) e‡jbt- ÒgvZ…M‡f©i mš—v‡b cÖvY mÂvi nIqvi ci AKvj cÖm‡ei †h †Kvb cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv me© m¤§wZµ‡g nvivg| KviY Zv g~jZ Rxe nZ¨vi Aš—f~©³|Ó

Bmjvg I hyw³i wbwi‡L Rb¥wbqš¿Y 92 kvqLyj Bmjvg Avj−vgv Be‡b ZvBwgqv (int) wj‡Lbt- Mf©cvZ gymjgvb‡ì me©m¤§vwZµ‡g nvivg Ges GUv Rxeš— mš—vb Kei¯’ KiviB bvgvš—i| G m¤ú‡K©B Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡j‡Qbt- ÒhLb Rxeš— mgvwa¯’ KY¨v mš—vb‡K wRÁvmvev` Kiv n‡e,wK Aciv‡a Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó (dZzqv Be‡b ZvBwgqv- 4:317) Z‡e ev”Pv hw` gv‡qi M‡f© RxweZ nq Avi Zv‡K †d‡j †Ìqv e¨ZxZ gv‡K evPuv‡bv Am¤¢e nq †m †¶‡Î Mf©cv‡Zi AbygwZ _vKvUvB evÂbxq| KviY GLv‡b `y‡Uv ¶wZi g‡a¨ gv‡qi ¶wZi w`KUv †ewk gvivZ¡K| ZvQvov gv‡qi RxweZ Ae¯’v cÖZ¨¶,Avi mš—v‡bi RxebUv AcÖZ¨¶| Gi bwRi n‡jv Ggb †hgb dKxnMY e‡jb Kv‡di m¤cÖ vq hw` wb‡R‡ì evwnbxi mvg‡b wKQz gymjgvb `vo Kwi‡q w`‡q gvbeXvj wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡ì‡K i¶v Kivi †Pôv K‡i Zvn‡j †m †¶‡Î Bmjvgx fyLÊ i¶v Kivi j‡¶¨ wKQz gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v Kivi AbygwZ w`‡q‡Q; Zzjbv gyjK AwaK ¶wZ †_‡K gymjgvb‡ì‡K i¶v Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨- GUvI Abyiƒc| Z_¨m~Î:- (1) nvjvj nvivg-309-313; (2) Bmjv‡g bvix- 174-180)

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