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dzUcv‡Zi †cÖgc‡Îi eB I ÔgvSvwiÕ Mwi‡ei AvZ¥cwiPq

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mvims‡ÿc

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†Póv K‡i hv‡”Q|

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K‡iwQ|

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f~wgKv †_‡K LvwbK D×…Z Kwi:

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mgy‡ ª DËvj Zi½gvjv m„wó Ki‡jv| †cÖg mgy`ª †_‡K DËvj Zi½gvjv m„wó n‡ZB †mUv‡K bqb hyM‡ji Kv‡Q

Qz‡o †d‡j †`q| hw`I bqb hyMj cÖ_‡g `k©b K‡iwQ‡jv wKš‘ Zvi †Kv‡bv ÿgZv †bB, †m ïay `k©b jvf K‡i

ü`‡qi †cÖg †K‡› ªi Kv‡Q †UvKv w`‡q Rvwb‡q †`q| e¨vm! Avi hvq †Kv_vq! m‡½ m‡½ Av‡jvob m„wó nq|

Gici Df‡q w`‡bi ci w`b Nwbô †_‡K NwbôZi n‡Z _v‡K|Ó2

eBcÖKv‡ki AvZuyoNi evsjvevRvi †_‡K XvKvi dzUcvZmn bvbvb RvqMvq wewµ nq Gme †cÖ‡gi wPwVi eB| †`vKvb

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mvwnZ¨g~j¨I †bnvZ Kg bq| Aek¨ wkwÿZ ga¨we‡Ëi mvwnZ¨iƒwPi wePv‡i Gm‡ei AwaKvskB DrKU I A‡kvfb g‡b

nIqv m¤¢e| wKš‘ wkwÿZ ga¨we‡ËiI Av‡Q wPwVmvwn‡Z¨i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `„óvšÍ, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †hgb hvhvei-cÖYxZ `„wócvZ,

†Zgwb wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ `¯Í‡qfw¯‹-cÖYxZ Poor Folk (evsjv Abyev‡` AfvRb), †h¸‡jv iwPZ n‡qwQj †¯ªd wPwVi

ci¤úivq|4 dzUcv‡Zi †cÖgc‡Îi eB‡qi wPwV¸‡jv co‡jI Gi †fZiKvi mvwnwZ¨K D‡Ïk¨ †Ui cvIqv hvq| ïay wPwVi

QuvP mieivn KivB eB‡qi D‡Ïk¨ bq, Gi evB‡iI Gme eB bvbvb evZ©v enb K‡i|

1 AšÍtwgj †`qv `yB jvBb †_‡K Pvi jvB‡bi KweZv, hv GKwU c~Y© fve cÖKvk K‡i, GiB PjwZ bvg ÔQ›`Õ|

2 †PŠayix, cÖKvk| 1992| e„nr †cÖ‡gi wPwV| XvKv: mvjgv eyK wW‡cv|

3 e¨w³MZ K‡_vcK_b| 2009|

4 hvhvei (webqK…ò gy‡Lvcva¨vq)| 1353 evOjv| `„wócvZ| KjKvZv: cÖKvkvjq AÁvZ| Dostoyevsky, F. 2011 (First published in

Russian in 1846). Poor Folk. Traslated by C. J. Hogarth. http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dostoyevsky/d72po/

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eUZjvi cyuw_, PKevRv‡ii PwU

GBme †cÖgc‡Îi eB evRviPjwZ PwUeB †kÖwYi AšÍf©~³| PwUeB, ev eUZjvi eB‡qi BwZnvm wKš‘ evsjvfvlvi f`ª‡jvKx

eB‡qi cÖvq-KvQvKvwQ| fviZe‡l© cZ©yMxRiv cÖ_g †cÖm emvq †lvok kZvãx‡Z, g~jZ evsjvfvlvq evB‡ej Qvcv‡bvi

Rb¨| GB wgkbvix D‡`¨vM ev` w`‡j, Aóv`k kZ‡Ki AvM ch©šÍ evsjvfvlvq cy¯Í‡Ki evwYwR¨K gy`ª‡Yi Lei cvIqv hvq

bv| PwUeB‡qi igigv nvj Avi¤¢ nq Dbwesk kZ‡K| 1857 mv‡j A_©vr wmcvnx wecø‡ei eQ‡i evsjv fvlvq PwUeB

†ewi‡qwQj 322 wU, Ges †ifv‡iÛ †Rgm jO-Gi wnmve Abyhvqx ïay KjKvZv‡ZB Gme eB Qvcv n‡qwQj Qq jv‡Li

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†gvUv`v‡M †mB Avg‡ji PwUeB‡qi welqe ‘ wQj| XvKv wKsev ivRkvnxI KjKvZv †_‡K Lye †ewk wcwQ‡q wQj bv |

KjKvZvi eUZjvq cÖ_g QvcvLvbv emv‡bv n‡qwQj 1820 mv‡j, Avi XvKvi PKevRv‡ii †KZvecwƇZ QvcvLvbv e‡m

1860 Gi w`‡K, Ges eUZjvi AbyKi‡Y myjfhš¿ cÖwZwôZ nq 1863 mv‡j \| myKzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, 1840 †_‡K 1860

ch©šÍ wQj eUZjvi ¯^Y©hyM| Gi m~Î a‡i †gvnv¤§` Ave yj KvBqyg (1990) Rvbvb †h, eUZjvi cÖKvkbvi wØZxq ce©wU

weKwkZ n‡qwQj gymjgvwb cyuw_i e¨vcKwfwËK gy`ª‡Yi gva¨‡g| d‡j 1865 †_‡K 1900 ch©šÍ mgqUv nj eUZjvi

eB‡qi wØZxq ce© Z_v gymjgvwb cyuw_cÖKv‡ki ¯Y©hyM| XvKvi PKevRv‡ii †KZvecwÆ †mB hy‡M AMÖYx f~wgKv wb‡q‡Q|6

GB †h eUZjvi cuyw_ wKsev PKevRv‡ii PwU, Zv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK ivRbxwZi AwfgyL wb‡q we¯Íi gZ‡f` Av‡Q| e„wUk-

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wbqš¿Y Kivi GKwU cÖKí, hvi gva¨‡g wb¤œeM©‡K bwmnZ (disciplining and marginalising) Kivi my‡hvM wb‡q‡Q

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cvVK‡Mvôxi Kj¨v‡Y H wbqš¿Y‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i‡Q|8 GB †gvUvgywU AÿiÁvbm¤úbœ (functionally literate) bZzb

cvVK‡Mvôxi mvgvwRK cwiPq nj Zviv kn‡ii Aí‡eZ‡bi †Kivwb| Awbw›`Zv ¯úó K‡i bv ej‡jI †evSv hvq wZwb g‡b

Ki‡Qb cvV‡Ki iƒwPi kvm‡bB eUZjvi eB‡qi Kb‡U›U ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| d‡j, wbgœe‡M©i mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †`¨vZK

wn‡m‡eB HwZnvwmKfv‡e Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| gnvfviZ wKsev Abœ`vg½‡ji gZ eB‡qiI eUZjv ms¯‹i‡Yi Bjv‡÷ªk‡b

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mv‡ne| Ggb A‡bK „óvšÍ †`qv hvq| wmcvnx we‡ ªv‡ni Kv‡j †ei nIqv eUZjvi eB‡q Bs‡iR we‡Øl cÖPvi GKUv gyL¨

welq wQj, †mUv mZ¨ NUbvi eqvb K‡iB †nvK, c~ivY Kvwnbxi bZzb Zdwmi nvwRi K‡iB †nvK wKsev ¯‹¨vÛvj Qwo‡qB

†nvK| eB ZL‡bv G‡Zv e¨w³MZ cV‡bi welq n‡q D‡V wb, AšÍZ wbgœe‡M©i Kv‡Q| GKRb Mjv †Q‡o c‡o‡Q †Zv `j

†eu‡a Ab¨iv ï‡b‡Q| d‡j, eUZjvi eB‡qi cvVK‡kªvZvi msL¨v †Kv‡bv A‡_©B Kg wQj bv †mmgq|

†`Lv hv‡”Q, GKw`‡K mygšÍ I ZcZx ej‡Qb, PwU wb¤œeM©‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi cÖKí, Avevi Ab¨w`‡K Awbw›`Zv ej‡Qb PwU

cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †`¨vZK| eUZjvi PwU Avwef©v‡ei mgq I ivRbxwZUzKz wePvi Ki‡j mygšÍ I ZcZxi `vwe †hŠw³K, Avevi

Gi µgweKv‡ki ivRbxwZ we‡ePbv Ki‡j Awbw›`Zvi e³e¨ gvb‡Z nq| HwZnvwmKfv‡e hw` †`wL, PwU G‡mwQj eB‡qi

5 Ghosh, Anindita. 1998. Cheap Books, ‘Bad’ Books: Contesting Print-Cultures in Colonial Bengal. South Asia

Research 18(173): 173-94.

6 KvBqyg, †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj| 1990| PKevRv‡ii †KZvecwÆ| XvKv: XvKv bMi Rv`yNi

7 Roy, Tapati. 1996. Disciplining the Printed Text: Colonial and Nationalist Surveillance of Bengali Literature.

Texts of Power: Emerging Disciplines in Colonial Bengal, ed. Partha Chatterjee. Calcutta: Centre for Studies in

Social Sciences. Banerjee, Sumanta. 1989. The Parlour and the Streets: Elite and Popular Culture in Nineteenth

Century Calcutta. Calcutta: Seagull.

8 Ghosh. 1998. Ibid.

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wKš‘

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12

†PŠayix| 1992| cÖv¸³|

13 Sarker, Sumit. 1992. “Kaliyug”, “Chakri” and “Bhakti”: Ramkrishna and his Times, Economic and Political

Weekly 27(29): p. 1549. 14

Ghosh. 1998. Ibid. 15 Ghosh. 1998. Ibid.

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iƒc, †KvbUvB bv, bv Av‡Q gy‡Li kÖx, Mv‡qi isUv k¨vgjv, nvjKv ¯^v¯’¨| ZzB †h †Kgb K‡i Avgvq fvjevmwj,

GUvB Avgvi myfvM¨|Ó17

GB eÜz-AšÍtcÖvY eÜzwU mycivgk© †`qvi †Póv Ki‡Q Zvi †cÖwgK eÜz‡K, ej‡Q cÖwZw`bB Awfmv‡i bv wM‡q Òax‡i P‡jv

bxwZÓ‡Z AvMv‡Z| †m wb‡R †cÖg Ki‡Z bv-cvi‡jI XvKv kn‡i †hme Ô‡cÖg †cÖg †LjvÕ nq †m wel‡q eÜz‡K mZK© K‡i

†`qvi `vwqZ¡ †eva K‡i| eo‡jvK‡`i we‡q †h ÿwY‡Ki wRwbm, GB M‡o ‡Zv GB fv‡O, GUvI †m GKwU mZ¨ NUbv

eqv‡bi gva¨‡g eÜz‡K Rvwb‡q †`q wPwV‡Z| wKš‘ GZ wKQz ejevi ciI Avgv‡`i Mwie eÜzwU Zvi `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K©

Am‡PZb bq| wPwV‡ZB Rvbv‡”Q, †m K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ Avm‡Q Ges G‡m GB †cÖ‡gi cwiYwZi e¨vcv‡i cwiev‡ii mv‡_

†`b`ievi Kivi gva¨‡g eÜzi Aby‡iva iÿv Ki‡e| GB c‡ivcKvix eÜzwU‡K wK †Pbv †Pbv jv‡M?

GB eÜzwUB Avm‡j G‡nb PwUeB‡qi DwÏó kû‡i AíwkwÿZ gvSvwi Mwie, hyMcr GB cy¯Í‡Ki †jLK I cvVK, eo‡jvKx

d¨v›Uvwmi ¯^LvZ mwj‡j cy‡ivcywi Avivg bv-‡c‡q ÔeÜzÕ cwiPq wb‡q Kvwnwb‡Z cybcÖ©weó n‡q‡Q| †mUv GB Kvwnwb I

d¨v›Uvwm‡K wbqš¿Y Kievi AvKv•ÿv †_‡KB| d‡j, Ab¨ GKwU †ivgvwÈK cÖY‡qvcvL¨v‡bi gv‡S e‡mI Avgiv GB hye‡Ki

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`vk©wbK I c‡ivcKvix| †m nvwRi n‡q‡Q GB †cÖ‡gi DcvL¨v‡b abxi we‡e‡Ki Acwinvh© f~wgKvq| d‡j cvV‡Ki wØwea

Avb›` nj: GKevi Zvi c~jK evoj abxi †cvkvK c‡i GB †cÖ‡gi AvL¨v‡b †K›`ªxq f~wgKvq wb‡R‡K fvevi gva¨‡g;

cvkvcvwk, c‡ivcKvix eÜz‡K mnvqZv Kievi gva¨‡g †m Zvi †kÖwYcwiPq‡K GB Kvwnwb‡Z GKUv cÖfvewe¯ÍviKvix f~wgKv

w`‡Z cvij GUvI Kg Avb‡›`i K_v bq|

16

nvmvb, Gg wW Kvgiæj| 1993| gWvb© jvf †jUvi| mvjgv eyK wW‡cv| 17 wmwÏK, Kwe| 1994| †g‡q‡`i †Mvcb †cÖgcÎ| mvjgv eyK wW‡cv|

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†hŠb-‰bwZKZvi e¨e¯’vcbv

PwUeB HwZn¨MZfv‡eB k„½vi i‡m Drmvnx| d‡j, †cÖ‡gi Kvwnwb‡Z Zvi †XD jvM‡e GUv cÖZ¨vwkZ| wPwV¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv

†cÖwgK †cÖwgKvi Awfmv‡ii †h eY©bv cvB, Zvi GKwU cÖavb Ask GB kvixwiK ms¯ú‡k©i eY©bv| wKš‘ GB kixix AvKl©Y

euvav _v‡K KwVb ˆbwZK Abykvm‡b| Avevi, ˆbwZK AvKl©Y hZ KwVbB †nvK, †m cvÎcvÎxi g‡a¨ †hŠbZvi cÖv_wgK

D‡Øvab †VKv‡Z Amg_©| Ôwe‡eKÕ RvMÖZ nq †Kej MfxiZi †hŠbZvi c ©v D‡b¥vwPZ nevi cÖv°v‡j|

†cÖgc‡Îi cvÎcvÎx‡`i GB †h †hŠbmshg, Zv‡K wg‡kj dz‡Kv wb‡ ©wkZ ey‡R©vqv mgv‡Ri †hŠbZv welqK evKmsh‡gi

DcRvZ wn‡m‡e fveevi b¨vh¨ KviY Av‡Q| wnw÷ª Ae †m·yqvwjwU MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g c‡e© dz‡Kv †`wL‡q‡Qb †h cvðvZ¨evmxi

e×g~j aviYv n‡”Q mß`k kZvãx †_‡K wesk kZvãxi `yB Z…Zxqvsk Awã mgv‡R I Rxe‡b †hŠbZv wRwbmUv‡K †ek

`wg‡q ivLv n‡qwQj| hw`I, dz‡Kv ej‡Qb, Av`‡Z †miKg wQj bv| ZviciI †hŠbZv wb‡q cwðgviv Ggbavivi GKwU

`gbg~jK cÖKí (wi‡cÖwmf nvB‡cvw_wmm) `vuo Kiv‡”Q †Kb? DËi †mvRv, eZ©gv‡bi †h (†Lvjv‡gjv) †hŠbms¯‹…wZ, Zv‡K

cÖwZ‡ivax ms¯‹…wZ AvKv‡i Dc‡fvM Kievi Rb¨| dz‡Kvi fvlvq, mß`k kZvãx ch©šÍ †hŠbZvi Av‡jvPbv wQj †Lvjv‡gjv,

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bvbviKg cÖZxK-ms‡K‡Zi AbycÖ‡ek N‡U, Ges †mwU †kvevi N‡ii wdmdvm n‡q `vuovq| Avjvc Avi ev ÍweK PP©vi GB

dvivK‡K dz‡Kv wf‡±vixq gZv`‡k© `xwÿZ ey‡R©vqvi wn‡cvwµwm wnmv‡eB kbv³ K‡i‡Qb|18

jÿYxq, †hme wPwV ¯^vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨ wjwLZ, A_©vr hv‡`i g‡a¨ ˆea †hŠbm¤úK© Av‡Q, Zv‡`i †hŠbZvi weeiY wPwV¸‡jv

enb K‡i bv| eis hv‡`i g‡a¨ ˆeevwnK m¤úK© nq wb, wKsev hv‡`i g‡a¨ †hŠbm¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î wkw_j Uvey i‡q‡Q (h_v

`yjvfvB-k¨vwjKv, †`ei-fvex BZ¨vw`) Zv‡`i †hŠbm¤ú‡K©i weeiYB _v‡K wPwV¸‡jv‡Z| m¤úK© bv e‡j DmKvwb ejvB

†kÖq, KviY G‡nb †hŠbwµqvq G‡`i †KDB Suvwc‡q c‡o bv, eis weevnewnf©~Z ˆ`wnK m¤úK©‡K ÔLvivcÕ g‡b K‡i|

GKwU †hŠ_Zvi gvSvgvwS G‡nb ˆbwZKZvi D‡Øvab eis Gi cvVK‡K DÏxß Kivi Kv‡RB e¨eüZ nq| `„óvšÍ w`B:

bvix cyiæl †dm Uz †dm Avwj½‡b †h KZ myL Zv Rxe‡b †Kvbw`b Abyfe Ki‡Z cvwiwb, Zzwg †mB Avkv c~Y©

K‡i w`‡j Avgvq wb‡R‡K wewj‡q, Avi Avwg `yÕnvZ evwo‡q †Zvgvi big ZzjZz‡j †`nLvwb †hŠeb fiv ey‡K,

Kzmyg Kwj‡Z P‡j hvB, Zzwg cÖ_‡g evav w`‡jI c‡i ïay †PvL ey‡R Avb›` Dc‡fvM KiwQ‡j| ... .. ..wVK †mB

mgq †dwiIqvjv †Q‡jUv hw` bv Avm‡Zv Zvn‡j †h wK n‡Zv fve‡ZB cvwiwb|19

GLv‡b Aek¨ wf‡±vixq ˆbwZKZv bq, cv‡K© åvg¨gvb †dwiIqvjv AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| Ggb bq †h †dwiIqvjv bv G‡jB

Zv‡`i AvksKv mZ¨ n‡q †hZ! KviY, Ab¨ Av‡iKwU cv‡K©B Avgiv †`wL:

Avwg †Zvgv‡K Avgvi `ynvZ w`‡q †Zvgvi big ZzjZz‡j †`nLvwb GKvšÍfv‡e Kv‡Q †U‡b wbjvg, Avi †mB gyn~‡Z©

hw` Zzwg Avgvi gv‡S †R‡M IVv D‡ËRbv‡K †Zvgvi gayi KwU msjvc w`‡q `wg‡q bv w`‡Z nq‡Zv GKUv ANUb

N‡U †hZ Avgv‡`i gv‡S| cweÎ †cÖg Kjw¼Z n‡q co‡Zv|.. .. .. †hŠb D‡ËRbv †h gvbyl‡K Agvby‡l cwiYZ

Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mw`bB †mUv cÖ_g eyS‡Z †c‡iwQjvg|20

Ab¨Î --

hLb Zzwg Pig D‡ËRbvq D‡ËwRZ n‡q †Zvgvi Aeva¨ nvZwU wb‡Pi w`‡K wb‡q †M‡j, ZLb Avgvi †PZbv wd‡i

Gj|21

18

Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality Part One, Page 4-5. 19

wmwÏK| 1994| cÖv¸³| 20

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Ab¨Î, bvqK ¯^xKvi Ki‡Q--

†cÖg fvjevmv‡Z †`‡ni †Kvb m¤úK© _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| hviv †cÖg fvjevmv‡K †`‡ni m¤úK© e‡j g‡b K‡i Zviv

mwZ¨ mwZ¨ †cÖwg‡Ki A‡hvM¨|22

cÖvq me wPwV‡ZB †`Lv hv‡”Q, ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ kixix AvKl©YB G‡`i †cÖ‡gi DcRxe¨| wKš‘, cÖvK-‰eevwnK Ae¯’vq c~Y©

kixix †hvMv‡hvM ixwZgZ weler cwiZ¨vR¨| G‡nb Avavwm× †hŠbZv wbwðZfv‡eB dz‡Kv-wb‡ ©wkZ kû‡i wkwÿZ

ga¨we‡Ëi AwR©Z wf‡±vixq g~j¨‡ev‡ai bKjxiƒc, m¤¢eZ wm‡bgv-evwnZ n‡q wb¤œe‡M©i GB AskwUi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q|

kixi Avav ÔiÿvÕ K‡iI wKfv‡e DÏvg †cÖg Kiv hvq, †mUv mËi `kK †_‡K evsjv wm‡bgv †Rv‡i‡kv‡iB †`wL‡q

Avm‡Q| d‡j wm‡bgvi mv‡_ Gme wPwVi Av`wk©K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Abygvb †Rviv‡jv nq| †hŠbZv QvovI Gme wPwVi bvbvb

RvqMvq wm‡bg¨vwUK †g‡jvWªvgvi mÜvb †g‡j| †hgb, cÖZvwiZ †cÖwgKv Zvi cÖv³b †cÖwg‡Ki evmi N‡ii w`‡K avegvb:

Miæ RevBi QzwiLvbv wb‡q Dév †e‡M Qz‡U P‡jwQ| hLb †Zvgv‡`i evox XzKjvg, ZLb †Zvgvi gZ Rvwjg

KzKziUv AvµgY Kij| Pjvi c‡_ evav coj, ZvB cÖ_‡g KzKziUv Lyb K‡i †Zvgvi N‡ii wbKU hvB| `iRv eÜ,

A‡bK Kó K‡i Rvbvjv Lyj‡Z Puv‡`i Av‡jv‡Z †`L‡Z †cjvg †Zvgiv `yRb cvkvcvwk ï‡q AvQ| †Zvgvi be

eayi cv‡b †P‡q cvijvg bv †Zvgv‡K Lyb Ki‡Z| †Kbbv Avwg †h bvix, bvix n‡q Aci bvix‡K evmi N‡i weaev

Ki‡Z cvijvg bv, ZvB wd‡i Gjvg|23

Avevi, e¨_© †cÖwgK ev weinx †cÖwgKv hLb fvecÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Mvb †Luv‡R, Zv AeavwiZfv‡eB evsjv wm‡bgvi Mvb| †Kv‡bv

†Kv‡bv eB‡Z †kl c„ôv¸‡jv fwi‡q †`qv nq evsjv wm‡bgvi Mvb w`‡q| bvqK bvwqKvi d‡UvMÖv‡di K_v †Zv Av‡MB

e‡jwQ|

†hme AvZ¥x‡qi g‡a¨ †hŠbm¤ú‡K©i wkw_j U¨vey Av‡Q †mm‡ei wdwiw¯Í cvIqv hvq †cÖgc‡Îi eB‡Z| G‡ÿ‡Î †`ei-fvex

Ges `yjvfvB-k¨vwjKv †cÖgc‡Îi eB‡Z ywU RbwcÖq bgybv| wKš‘ Zv‡KI ˆeaZv †`qvi hveZxq Av‡qvRb i‡q‡Q

Kvwnwb¸‡jv‡Z| †`ei-fvexi †cÖgc‡Î †`Lv hvq, eofvB A_©vr fvexi ¯^vgx MZ n‡q‡Q †ek K‡qK eQi Av‡M, d‡j

†hŠebeZx fvex GKv| Avi Gw`‡K weevn‡hvM¨ †`ei, fvex hLbB Zv‡K we‡qi K_v e‡j, †`ei ZLbB †MuvR n‡q Reve

†`q †h Ggb †g‡q †`‡L w`‡Z n‡e †h wKbv fvexi gZ! Avevi fvexI †Kv‡bv GKKv‡j K_vq K_vq e‡jwQj †h, yB

fvB‡qi kix‡ii MVb GKB iK‡gi| hvB †nvK, †`ei-fvexi cvi¯úwiK GB fvj jvMv¸‡jv cÖvY wd‡i cvIqvi Rb¨ eo

fvB‡K g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z nj| ïay g‡iB †h †m Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kij Zv bq, RxweZ Ae¯’vq Ggb wKQz e‡j †i‡L †Mj

hvi d‡j GB †`ei-fvexi m¤úK© k³ ˆbwZK wfwË †c‡q hvq! fvexi wPwV‡Z:

†Zvgvi fvB g„Zz¨i ciB Avwg †Zvgv‡K Avgvi ¯^vgx e‡j MÖnY K‡i wb‡qwQ| KviY †Zvgvi fvB g„Zz¨i c~‡e© hLb

e‡jwQj, †m bv _vK‡j †Zvgv‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡Z, g„Z e¨w³i Av‡`k Agvb¨ Ki‡Z cvwi bv|... GZw`b wQjvg

eofvB‡qi `vmx, GLb n‡ev †QvU fvB‡qi `vmx|24

†cÖwgKvi `vmxfve Av‡iv cÖKU n‡q I‡V, hLb Avgiv †`wL †m Zvi †`e‡ii Ômsh‡gÕi cÖksmv Ki‡Q, KviY Zvi †`ei

iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i fvexi N‡i Xz‡K ïay Zvi kix‡ii ms‡e`bkxj Ask¸‡jv‡Z nvZ eywj‡qB P‡j †M‡Q| fvex wbwðZ †h

Ò†Kv‡bv cyiæl GgZve¯’vq Zvi wcÖqZgv bvix‡K AÿZ †i‡L Ni †_‡K P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó †`ei †h †mUv cvij, GUv

Zvi k³ ˆbwZKZviB ¯§viK!

fvB‡qi g„Zz¨i ci Avgv‡`i GB †`ei-fvex †jv‡Ki KvbvNuylv m‡Z¡I GK Qv‡`i wb‡P emevm K‡i| Zv‡`i wPwV †_‡K

GUvI †evSv hvq †h, evwo‡Z Avi Ab¨ †KD _v‡K bv| GKB evwo‡Z emevmKvix `yRb wbKUvZ¥xq hLb wPwV PvjvPvwj

22

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wmwÏK| 1994| cÖv¸³| 24

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Ki‡Q g‡bi fve Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨, ZLb Avgiv Gme wPwVi mvwnwZ¨K I MvwíK D‡Ïk¨ †Ui cvB| wPwV GLv‡b ïay wPwV bq,

A_©vr cvVK‡K wPwV †jLv †kLv‡bvB Zvi GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ bq, eis †m wPwVi DwQjvq GKwU Mí ej‡Z Pvq| wPwV GLv‡b

M‡íi dg© wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|

GK Qv‡`i wb‡P †_‡K †`ei-fvex †hgb m¤ú‡K© Rov‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K `~i we‡`‡k Ae¯’vb K‡iI `yjvfvB‡qi bRi mi‡Q bv

†mvgË k¨vwjKvi kixi †_‡K| †evb Mf©eZx -- †mUv †h `yjvfvB‡qi ÔKxwZ©Õ, †miKg DmKvwbg~jK Bw½Z k¨vwjKvi

wPwV‡Z wQj| d‡j yjvfvB‡K Avi cvq †K? ÔAvcvÕ‡K wZwb hv hv K‡i‡Qb Zvi wdwiw¯Í ïwb‡q‡Qb ¯¿xi ¯‹zjQvÎx †QvU

†evb‡K| ZvQvov wZwb Rv‡bb Òk¨vwjKvi Kv‡Q cÎ †jLv ev Zv‡K Av‡iv wb‡Ri K‡i cvIqv A‡kvfb wKQz bqÓ|25

c‡ii

wPwV‡ZB Avgiv †`wL yjvfvB‡qi msh‡gi euva †f‡½ Pzigvi n‡q †M‡Q| wZwb ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Qb,

†mw`b hLb †Zvgv‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡q Kv‡b Kv‡b GKwU K_v ej‡Z wM‡q †Zvgvi Mv‡j GKwU Pz¤^b Gu‡K

w`‡qwQjvg| †mmgq mwZ¨ Avwg g‡b K‡iwQjvg ¯M©myL| †Zvgvi Avcv‡K evievi Pz¤^b w`‡qI †m myL kvwšÍ Avwg

cvBwb|26

`yjvfvB‡`i Gme wPwVi Rev‡e k¨vwjKviv Kx Kx wjL‡e, Zv m¤¢eZ Avgv‡`i wPwVcÖ‡YZvMY wb‡RivI K~jwKbviv Ki‡Z

cv‡ib wb| d‡j yjvfvB‡qi DmKvwbKvZi wPwV¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv cÖZz¨Ëi eB¸‡jv‡Z Qvcv nq wb| Z‡e G‡nb wkw_j-U¨vey

m¤ú‡K©i cÖ_g DmKvwb †h k¨vwjKv Z_v bvixi KvQ †_‡KB Av‡m G wel‡q wPwVcÖ‡YZv‡`i g‡a¨ wØgZ †bB| GUv wbðqB

cyiyl wPwV‡jL‡Ki B”Qvc~i‡Yi Mí| wKš‘ GUv Avevi †mB mgv‡RiI Mí, †hLv‡b bvix awl©Zv n‡jI Zvi wcQ‡b †Lv`

wfw±‡giB ÔDmKvwbÕ Av‡Q GgbUv m‡›`n Kiv nq|

AvZ¥cwiP‡qi bZzb †giæKiY?

Awbw›`Zv †hgb e‡j‡Qb, dzUcv‡Zi †cÖgc‡Îi eB g~jZ kn‡i KvR Ki‡Z Avmv AíwkwÿZ ÔcvwZ f`ª‡jvKÕGi

we‡bv`b-gva¨g wnmv‡e HwZnvwmKfv‡e weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z MY-Awffvm‡b kn‡i-Avmv ÔAwkwÿZÕ Mwie

wKš‘ cÖvq KvQvKvwQ iK‡gi Avw_©K mÿgZv (GgbwK KL‡bv G‡`i †P‡qI †ewk) AR©b K‡i‡Q| A_©vr nvj Avg‡j

wb¤œc` ’ †Kivwb Avi evmPvj‡Ki ev †dwiIqvjvi DcvR©‡bi g‡a¨ dvivK we‡kl †bB| wKš‘ GB `yB wb¤œe‡M©i mvs¯‹…wZK

mËvi DmKvwb Avm‡Q wfbœ wfbœ RvqMv †_‡K| gvSvwi Mwi‡ei Aíwkÿv Zv‡K mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e ga¨we‡Ëi K…cvwbf©i K‡i

Zz‡j‡Q, d‡j †m memgq ga¨we‡Ëi jvjb Kiv g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv‡K †kÖqZi †f‡e G‡m‡Q| †cÖgc‡Îi eB¸‡jv cvV K‡i

Avgiv †Ui †c‡qwQ GB gvSvwi Mwie wKfv‡e ga¨we‡Ëi mvwnZ¨ I †hŠbfvebvi AbyivMx MÖvnK n‡q I‡V‡Q|

mvs¯‹…wZK dg©¸‡jvi wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Av`vbcÖ`v‡bi †h ixwZ, †mB wePv‡i Avgiv GI †`‡LwQ †h Gme wPwV‡Z ewY©Z

†cÖgjxjv weKwkZ n‡q‡Q mËi `k‡Ki XvKvB wm‡bgvi cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b| g~j¨‡eva-fvivµvšÍ gvSvwi Mwi‡ei Rxeb

†mme wm‡bgviI †hgb cÖavb DcRxe¨, Gme wPwV‡ZI ZvB| Zv‡`i wbR¯ †Kv‡bv †dvK-d¨v›Uvwm bvB, wK”QvKvwnwbi

MÖvgxY Rxeb Zviv GgbwK ga¨we‡Ëi †P‡qI wbg©gfv‡e Quy‡o †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| d‡j G‡`i wPwVc‡Î †Kv_vI e„nËi MÖvgxY

Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv Abyl½ Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv, GgbwK bvqK hLb bvwqKvi MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z Awfmvi Ki‡Q ZL‡bv| kn‡ii

wb¤œeM© wnmv‡e Rxeb ïiæ Kivi cÖv°v‡j Giv ga¨we‡Ëi Rxeb‡KB bvMvj‡hvM¨ Avivabv †f‡e wb‡q‡Q, Avi D”Pe‡M©i

iw½b Rxeb n‡q D‡V‡Q Zv‡`i wbivb›` Rxe‡bi d¨v›Uvwm|

wbiæcvq Mwie gvby‡li knigyLx †h † ªvZ, Gi †_‡K Avgv‡`i GB cÎ-†jLK gvSvwi Mwie Gfv‡eB Avjv`v n‡q _vK‡Z

†P‡q‡Q| A_©‰bwZK fv‡e bv n‡jI mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e| wKš‘ mËi †_‡K beŸB `k‡Ki knivq‡bi d‡j kn‡ii AcÖvwZôvwbK

25

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mnvqK MÖš’cÄx

KvBqyg, †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj| 1990| PKevRv‡ii †KZvecwÆ| XvKv: XvKv bMi Rv yNi

†PŠayix, cÖKvk| 1992| e„nr †cÖ‡gi wPwV| 112 c„ôv| XvKv: mvjgv eyK wW‡cv|

gvgyb, gybZvmxi| 2006| XvKvi nvwi‡q hvIqv eB‡qi †Luv‡R| XvKv: Abb¨v|

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nvmvb, GgwW Kvgiæj| 1993| gWvb© jvf †jUvi| 80 c„ôv| XvKv: mvjgv eyK wW‡cv|

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27 ingvb| 2011| cÖv¸³|

cÖwZwPšÍv

Z…Zxq el© wØZxq msL¨v, A‡±vei 2013, c„ôv 86-104

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Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality Volume 1: An Introduction, Trans. Robert

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