2021-22

I N D I A

i+ Q

i+ Q

i+ Q

ksVks vkSj uD'kk

1) D;k rqeus dHkh fdlh 'kgj dk uD'kk ns[kk gS\ uD'kk 1 dks ns[kksA bldk fp=k lsfeyku djosQ crkvks fd bafM;k xsV dgk¡ gSA uD'ks ij bldk fp=k cukvksA

2) uD'ks osQ bl Hkkx esa oqQN lM+osaQ fn[kkbZ xbZ gSaA mu lM+dksa dks ksVks esa <w¡<+ksA

3) jk"Vªifr Hkou ls bafM;k xsV tkrs le; dkSu&dkSu lh lM+osaQ jkLrs esa vk,¡xh\

4) uD'kk 1 esa us'kuy LVsfM;e <w¡<+ksA D;k ksVks esa ;g rqEgsa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\

8 ;g gsyhdkWIVj ls fy;k x;k ,d fp=k gSA rqe jktiFk dks ns[k ldrs gks tks bafM;k xsVvkSj jk"Vªifr Hkou dks tksM+rk gSA vfnfr jktiFk ij dgk¡ cSBh gksxh] ml txg ijfu'kku yxkvksA

jk"Vªifr Hkou

uD'kk 1

fot; pkSd

ji+ Qh ekxZji+ Qh ekxZ

jktiFk

tuiFktuiFk

jktiFk

eku flag jksM

dLrwjck

xk¡/h ek

xZ

MkWñ ”kkfd

j gqlSu

jksM frydekxZ

us'kuy LVsfM;e

112 113

2021-22

eè; dk gSDlkxu

vxj ge uD'ks esa ^”kwe bu* djsa ;kuh ,d fgLls dks cM+k djosQ ns[ksa rks bldk ,dfgLlk oqQN ,slk u”kj vk,xkA

ihys jax osQ Hkkx dh vko`Qfr ns[kksA D;k rqeus ;g vko`Qfr igys ns[kh gS\ blosQ fdrusfdukjs gSa\

bl txg dks dgrs gSa osaQnzh; gSDlkxuA

1)vxj rqe jktiFk ij py jgs gks] rks bafM;k xsV osQ ckn rqEgkjs fdl rji+ Q ^fpYMªuikoZQ* gksxk\

2)buesa ls dkSu&lh lM+osaQ vkil esa lcls cM+k dks.k cukrh gSa\

d)ekuflag jksM vkSj 'kkgtgk¡ jksM

[k)v'kksd jksM vkSj ekuflag jksM (bafM;k xsV ls ijs cuus okyk dks.k)

x) tuiFk vkSj jktiFk

3)buesa ls dkSu lh lM+osaQ vkil esa ledks.k cukrh gSa\

uD'ks ls irk yxkvks

uD'kk 2

India

115114

dLrwjck

xk¡/

h ekxZ

tuiFk

v'kksd

jksM

jktiFk

vdcj jksM

eku flag jksMeku flag jksM'kkgtgk¡ jksM

dksijfudl ekxZiaMkjk jksM

fryd ekxZ

MkWñ”kkfd

j gqlSuekx

Z

us'kuy LVsfM;e

iqjkuk fdyk jksM

'ksj'kkgjksM

bafM;k xsV

fpYMªuikoZQ

2021-22

LosQy % 2 cm = 1 km

us'kuyLVsfM;e

eFkqjk jksM'kkgt

gk¡ jksM

tui

Fk

ji+ Qh e

kxZ

fot;pkSd

11 ewfrZ

jk"VªifrHkou

;equk

unh

fryd

ekxZ

fjaxjksM

cgknqj'kkg

”ki+ QjekxZ

lqHkk"kekxZ

lqHkk"k

ekxZ

mÙkj

if'p

e iwoZ

nf{k.k

fjaxjksM

uD'kk 3fjax jksM

India

cPps ijsM dk jkLrk irk djus osQ fy,bl uD'ks dks ns[kus yxsA

115

ijsM dk bar”kkj

ijsM dk bar”kkj djrs gq,] dk¡pk vkSj mlosQ oqQN nksLr lksp jgs Fks fd ijsM dgk¡[kRe gksxhA dk¡pk osQ ikl og v[kckj Fkk ftlesa ijsM dk jkLrk fn[kk;k gqvk FkkA

fot; pkSd µ jktiFk µ bafM;k xsV µ fryd ekxZ µ cgknqj'kkg tiQj ekxZ µlqHkk"k ekxZ µ yky fdykA

114

yky fdyk

pk¡nuh pkSd jksM

tkek efLtn

jkt ?kkV

bañ xk¡ñ LVsfM;e

MkSyE;qf”k;e

esfMdy dkWystdukWVIysl

çxfreSnku

2021-22

vjs! ns[kks] ;g bafM;kxsV gS vkSj ;g jgkjk"Vªifr HkouA

buosQ chp ;g yachlM+d jktiFk gSA pyks vank”kk yxk,¡

fd jktiFk fdrusfdyksehVj yack gSAesjh ek¡ us eq>s crk;k Fkk

fd fot; pkSd ls ysdjbafM;k xsV rd jktiFk 2

fdyksehVj yack gSAbl uD'ks ij ;g yxHkx

4 lsaVhehVj yack fn[kk;k gSAblfy, uD'ks osQ 4 lsaVhehVj /jrhij 2 fdyksehVj osQ cjkcj gSA

rqe Bhd dg jgs gksAns[kks uD'ks osQ uhpsfy[kk gS LosQy %

2 1 fdyksehVjcm =

uD'ks esa jkLrk fn[kkvkss

1) uD'kk 3 esa ijsM dk jkLrk fn[kkvksvkSj bafM;k xsV o jktiFk ijfu'kku yxkvksA

cPpksa dks le> vkuk pkfg, fd uD'ks esa LosQy dh D;k ”k:jr gSA gesa bl ckr ij ppkZ djuh pkfg, fd tc ge,d cM+s {ks=k dks NksVs ls dkx”k ij fn[kkrs gSa rks gj fgLls dks ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa de djuk iM+rk gS ftlls fdtxgksa dh vkilh nwjh vkSj fLFkfr oSlh gh cuh jgsA

116 117

2) uD'ks dks ns[kks vkSj irk yxkvks %

d) dkSu lh lM+d lcls yach gS\

cgknqj'kkg tiQj ekxZ lqHkk"k ekxZ fryd ekxZ

[k) vxj :fc;k tkek efLtn dh vksj ls ijsM ns[kus vk jgh gS rks lkspks mlsfdruk nwj rd pyuk iM+sxkA

x) ijsM dk iwjk jkLrk yxHkx fdruk yack gS\

tSls&tSls ijsM vkxs c<+h] mUgsa oqQN cPps gkFkh ij vkrs gq, fn[ksA ;s ogh cPps gSaftUgsa cgknqjh osQ fy, buke fn;k x;kA mlosQ ckn vyx&vyx LowQyksa osQ cPpksa usrjg&rjg osQ u`R; vkSj djrc fn[kk,A

cPps ijsM osQ lkFk yky fdys rd tkuk pkgrs FksA xIiw yky fdyk igys ns[k pqdkFkk] rks og ckdh cPpksa dks mlosQ ckjs esa crkus yxkA

3km km 25 km km

l l l

l l l l16 8

2021-22

xIiw dh yky fdys dh ;k=kk

tc ge yky fdys igq¡ps rks ogk¡ fVdV ysus osQfy, yach ykbu yxh gqbZ FkhA yky fdys osQ eq[;xsV dks dgrs gSaA mlls vanj ?kqldjge ckb± vksj ,d yacs xfy;kjs esa igq¡ps ftlosQnksuksa rji+ Q NksVh&NksVh nqdkus cuh FkhA bl txgdks dgrs gSaA ogk¡ ls eSus viuhcgu osQ fy, pwfM+;k¡ [kjhnhaA

ykgkSjh xsV

a aehuk ck”kkj a

ehuk ck”kkj ykgkSjh xsV

ykgkSjh xsV

uDdkj[kkuk

ehuk ck”kkj

jax egy

gEekevkjkexkg

fjax jksM

lqHkk"k ekxZ

nhoku&,&vke

eksrh egy

eksrh efLtn

yky fdyk

;equk

unh

nhoku&,&[kkl

LosQy % 1 cm = 100 m

uD'kk 4

mÙkj

nf{k.k

iwoZ

if'pe

116 117

2021-22

ogk¡ ls lh/s gksrs gq, rqeigq¡p ldrs gksA ;g ogh

txg gS tgk¡ jktk vke turk ls feyk djrs FksA

uDdkj[kkusnhoku&,&vke

nhoku&,&vkejax&egy

a

ls lh/s lkeus c<+rsgq, geus ns[kkA ;g cgqr[kwclwjr bekjr gSA gekjs ckb± rji+ Qrhu bekjrs vkSj FkhaA bu bekjrksa dksuD'ks esa <w¡<+ksA

ge ls ck,¡ eqM+dj igq¡ps tgk¡ jktkvius eaf=k;ksa vkSj [kkl yksxksa ls feyk djrs FksA

jax egy nhoku&,&[kkl

uD'kk & 4 esa <¡w<+ks

d) buesa ls dkSu&lh bekjr ;equk unh osQ ”;knk ikl gS\ nhoku&,&vke ;knhoku&,&[kkl\

[k) fdu nks bekjrksa ds chp esa vkjkexkg gS\

x) jax egy ls geke dh vksj tkrs gq, rqe fdu bekjrksa osQ lkeus ls xq”kjksxs\

?k) bl uD'ks esa ehuk ck”kkj ls lcls nwj dkSu lh bekjr gS\

M-) ^nhoku&,&[kkl* ls ^ykgkSjh xsV* yxHkx fdruh nwj gS\

jax egy osQ vanj nhoku&,&[kkl osQ vanj

118 119

uDdkj [kkuk µ tgk¡ Mªe

ctk dj jktk dk lans'k

lquk;k tkrk FkkA

nk,¡ ls µ jaxegy] vkjkexkg

vkSj nhoku&,&[kkl

2021-22

fp=kksa ;k uD'kksa dks NksVk@cM+k djus dh izfØ;k d{kk osQ i+ Q'kZ ;k feV~Vh osQ eSnku ij Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA blxfrfof/ dks uD'kksa esa LosQy osQ mi;ksx ls tksM+sa] ftlls fd NksVk&cM+k djus ij vko`Qfr ugha cnyrh gSA

cM+k djks] NksVk djks

;gk¡ oqQN fp=k 1 lsaVhehVj [kkuksa okyh tkyhij cuk, x, gSaA mUgha fp=kksa dks 2 lsaVhehVjvkSj lsaVhehVj okyh tkfy;ksa ij cukus dhdksf'k'k djksA ,d fp=k;gk¡ ij cuk;k x;k gSA

,d [kkus dh Hkqtkvksa dks nksxquk cM+k cuk;k x;k gSA D;k bldk {ks=kiQy Hkh nksxqukc<+sxk\

2 cm

fxzM

1 cm

fxzMcm

fxzM

12

118 119

12

2021-22

vkvks dksf'k'k djsa µ

;g ijsM okys jkLrs (uD'kk 3) ls fy;k x;k ,dNksVk lk fgLlk gSA

1) D;k rqe igpku ldrs gks fd ;g uD'ks dk dkSulk fgLlk gS\

2) vc bls 2 lsaVhehVj fxzM esa cM+k cukus dhdksf'k'k djksA ;kn j[kuk fd uD'ks dh vko`Qfru cnysA

3) vxj ge ijsM osQ iwjs jkLrs dks lsaVhehVj osQfxzM ij cukus dh dksf'k'k djsa rks mldk LosQyD;k gksxk\

uD'ks ij ”kehu ij fdyksehVjuD'ks ij ehu ij fdyksehVjuD'ks ij ”kehu ij fdyksehVj

1

1

1

1 cm =

cm =

2 cm =

l

l

l

”k

120

Hkkjr osQ vyx&vyx jkT;ksa ls vk, urZd

cPpksa us cgqr lh >k¡fd;ksa vkSj urZdksa dks ns[kkA

1 cm fxzM

2 cm fxzM

bu yksxksa dks fnYyhvkus osQ fy, fdruhnwj ;k=kk djuh iM+h\

dukZVd ls vk,urZd lclsvPNs FksA

eq>s f=kiqjk dk ukp ilan vk;kAflfDde vkSj f=kiqjk fnYyh ls

nwj gSa ij gfj;k.kk vkSjmÙkjk[kaM ikl gSaA

121

12

12

2021-22

D;ksafd cPpksa dks igyh ckj fn'kkvksa ls voxr djk;k tk jgk gS] mUgsa dbZ izdkj dh xfrfof/;k¡ djokus dh ”k:jr gSftlls os ,slh Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx vklkuh ls dj losaQ tSls fd ^mÙkj dh vksj*] ^nf{k.k dh rji+ Q*] ^iwoZ fn'kk esa*]^eè; izns'k osQ if'pe esa* vkfnA ”kehu ij uD'ks cukdj cPpksa dks gh uD'ks ij [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlls os blrjg dh ckrsa djsa µ oSadV 'kkafr osQ nf{k.k esa [kM+k gS] egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr osQ iwoZ esa gS ---vkfnA

120

1) dukZVd dh Vhe cSaxyksj ls pyh vkSj mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj c<+hA fnYyh rdigq¡pus esa bls fdu&fdu jkT;ksa ls xq”kjuk iM+k gksxk\ Hkkjr osQ uD'ks ls <w¡<+ksA

121

uhps fn, x, Hkkjr osQ uD'ks dks ns[kks vkSj mu jkT;ksa dks <w¡<+ks ftuosQ ckjs esa ;s cPpsckr dj jgs gSaA

;g uD'kk dsoy vuqekfur LosQy ij cuk gS rkfd cPps vklkuh lsnwjh] {ks=kiQy vkSj fn'kkvksa dk vankt+ k yxk losaQA

5

2021-22

123122

2) tEew&d'ehj fnYyh ls fn'kk esa iM+rk gS] blfy, ogk¡ ls vkus okyhVhe fnYyh igq¡pus osQ fy, dh vksj pyrh gSA os dkSu&dkSu lsjkT;ksa ls xq”kjrs gSa\

3) uksuw xqtjkr esa jgrk gSA uksuw dk fe=k tkosn if'pe caxky esa jgrk gSA uksuw viusfe=k osQ ikl tkuk pkgrk gSA og fdl fn'kk esa ;k=kk djsxk\

d) if'pe dh rji+ Q) iwoZ dh rji+ Q) nf{k.k dh rji+ Q) mÙkj dh rji+ Q

4) D;k tEew&d'ehj osQ mÙkj esa dksbZ jkT; gS\

5) D;k xqtjkr osQ if'pe esa dksbZ jkT; gS\

6) ;fn 1 l irk djks

d)fnYyh ls t;iqj yxHkx fdruk nwj gS\

(v) (c) (l)

[k)vank”kk yxkvks] t;iqj ls Hkksiky fdruk nwj gS\

uD'ks ij lsaVhehVj

okLro esa fdyksehVj

7) uD'ks dks ns[kdj crkvks %

)dkSu lk jkT; pkj vU; jkT;ksa ls f?kjk gS\

[k) fdl jkT; dk {ks=kiQy lcls ”;knk gS\ vxj mldk uke uD'ks esa ugha gS rksvius vè;kid vFkok ekrk&firk ls iwNdj irk djksA

crkvks rqeus mÙkj dh [kkst oSQls dh\

x) dkSu ls jkT; dk {ks=kiQy flfDde ls yxHkx vkB xquk gSA

mÙkj çns'k

?k) jktLFkku dk {ks=kiQy iatkc jkT; osQ {ks=kiQy ls yxHkx fdrus xquk ”;knk gS\

mÙkjnf{k.k

=

=

[kx?k

uD'ks ij saVhehVj] ”kehu ij 200 fn[kkrk gS rks

d

f=kiqjkegkjk"Vªfgekpy çns'k

km

50 km 500 km 250 km

_______

_______

%

l

l

l

l

2021-22

vksg gk¡! geus lhek ij Vksy VSDlfn;k FkkA eSaus ,d cgqr cM+k cksMZyxk ns[kk gS ftl ij fy[kk Fkkgfj;k.kk esa vkidk Lokxr gSA

eSa fnYyh ls gfj;k.kk vkSj gfj;k.kk ls jktLFkkurd x;k gw¡ ij dgha Hkh eq>s lM+d ;k ”kehu ijdksbZ js[kk u”kj ugha vkbZA ;s uD'ks esa oSQls gSa\

ugha] /jrh ij dksbZ Hkh ykbu ugha[khaph xbZ gSA uD'ks ls gesa ;gh irkpyrk gS fd dgk¡ ,d jkT; [kRegksrk gS vkSj nwljk 'kq: gksrk gSA

D;k rqeus leqnz ns[kk gS\ fp=k esa leqnz dgk¡ gS\ Hkkjr osQ uD'ks esa leqnz dks <w¡<+ksAuD'ks esa leqnz dks fdl jax ls fn[kk;k x;k gS\

i+ Q

,d ,sls jkT; dk uke fy[kks ftlosQ fdlh vksj Hkh leqnz ugha gSA

vyx&vyx uD'ks ns[kksA vkl&iM+ksl osQ uD'ks] Hkkjr osQ uD'ks vkSj fo'o osQ uD'ksesa mi;ksx fd, x, vyx&vyx LosQy dh rqyuk djksA

uD'ks ij jkT;ksa osQ chp cuh js[kkvksa dks ns[kdj lkcw lksp esa iM+ x;kA

irk djks

h

h

mu jkT;ksa ij fu'kku yxkvks ftuosQ ,d rj leqnz gSA

jkT;ksa osQ chp js[kk,¡

leqnz

ckyk leqnz&rV ij [kM+k] fo'kky leqnz dks ns[k jgk gSA ,slk yx jgk gS fd leqnz dkdgha dksbZ var ugha gSA

123122

2021-22

cxhp

k

xsV

f[kM+dh

njok”kk

LowQy&lHkk eSnku

III A

III B IV I

II

[ksy dk eSnku

V

X VIII VI B

IX VII VI A

gkWy

uD'kk 7

LosQy %

2 c

m =

5 m

vk'kh dk LowQyvk'kh dk LowQy mQij ls bl rjg fn[krk gSALowQy osQ uD'ks dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj [kkus fxudj irk yxkvksA

124 125

'kgjksa osQ chp dh nwjh

;s 5 'kgj gSaA irk djks %

1) bl uD'ks esa bMyhiqj ls ciQhZuxj fdruslsaVhehVj nwj gS\

vxj bMyhiqj ls ciQhZuxj rd tkuk iM+srks rqEgsa fdrus fdyksehVj pyuk iM+sxk\

3) bMyhiqj vkSj ciQhZuxj osQ chp vk/s jkLrs ij Fkqdikxzke iM+rk gS] mls osQfu'kku ls n'kkZvksA

4) tyschiqj uke dk ,d 'kgj Nksyk?kkV vkSj <ksdykckn nksuksa ls 35 fdyksehVj nwjgSA D;k yxrk gS] og dgk¡ gks ldrk gS\ mlosQ fy, dk fu'kku yxkvksA

5)Hksyiqj vkSj Nksyk?kkV osQ chp osQ jkLrs dh nwjh irk yxkvksA (rqe /kxs dksbLrseky dj ldrs gksA)

2)

T

J

uD'kk 6

LosQy % 10 fdyksehVj uD'ks ij 1 lsaVhehVj)=

Nksyk?kkV<ksdykckn

Hksyiqj

ciQhZuxjbMyhiqj

nÝ+ rj

2021-22

uD'kk 8

çn'kZ&iê ð

vyekjh

lwpukiê

ð

f[kM+dh njok”kk

f[kM+dh

';keiê ð

csap

III A

III B IV I

IIV

X VIII VI B

IX VII VI A

124

1) LowQy&lHkk eSnku dk {ks=kiQy nÝ+ rj osQ {ks=kiQy ls fdruk xquk ”;knk gS\

2) gj d{kk dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ fdruh gS\

d) yackbZ 5 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 4 ehVj [k) yackbZ 2 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 1 ehVj

x) yackbZ 12 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 10 ehVj ?k) yackbZ 5 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 5 ehVj

3) vk'kh osQ Ldwy osQ lHkh dejs oqQN ,sls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa

è;ku ls ns[kdj mÙkj nks µ

d) buesa ls dkSu&lk ';keiêð osQ fcyoqQy lkeus gSa\

vyekjh] f[kM+dh] lwpukiê ð] izn'kZ&iê ð

[k) ,d ckj fiQj LowQy osQ uD'ks dks ns[kksA vankts ls fu'kku yxkvks fd bUgsa dgk¡gksuk pkfg,A

vkSj esa ';keiê ð

vkSj esa vyekjh

vkSj esa lwpukiê ð

esa chp dh iafDr esa vafre lhV

izn'kZ&iV~V esa

x) D;k esa cSBs cPps dks [ksy dk eSnku fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\

III A VII

IV X

V VI B

II

I

III A

h

h

h

h

h

h

125

2021-22