Tumor Marker Detection-antibody

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Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

◆ Is it necessary to detect tumor markers?

It is known that tumors are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental

factors. Their cells are characterized by unlimited proliferation. Usually, most tumors

are asymptomatic in the early and middle stages. When patients with clinical symptoms

come to the clinic, the tumor is too large to be removed, or it has entered the advanced

stage, losing the best treatment opportunity. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis, and

treatment of tumors are the key links in clinical cancer prevention and treatment. For

early detection and diagnosis of tumors, a series of more valuable tumor markers have

been used in clinical practice.

◆ What are tumor markers?

◆ How are tumor markers used in cancer care?

◆ Do different cancer types need to be detected by different tumor markers?

◆ Does the rise in tumor markers mean the presence of cancer?

◆ Can tumor markers be used in cancer screening?

◆ How to choose tumor markers？

Catalogue

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Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

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Tumor markers (TMs) refer to a class of substances that are directly produced by

tumor cells or other cells of the body in response to tumors during its development

and proliferation stages. Tumor markers essentially are proteins, hormones,

enzymes (isozymes), polyamines, and oncogene products, which presents in the

blood, body fluids, cells or tissues of patients. They can quantitatively and

qualitatively reveal the presence of tumors, which provides strong experimental

basis to estimate what the type of tumor is, what stage of the tumor has been

developed to, the therapeutic effect and prognosis.

1. Auxiliary diagnosis and identification of tumors;

2. Screening high-risk populations of tumors;

3. Monitoring tumor recurrence and metastasis;

4. Observing tumor treatment and efficacy.


◆ What are tumor markers?

◆ How are tumor markers used in cancer care?

Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

Many tumor-related markers have been found, and nearly 100 kinds of them are of

clinical value. Based on the chemical characteristics, they can be divided into the

following seven categories:

Embryonic antigen tumor markers

Glycogen tumor markers

Hormone tumor markers

Receptor tumor markers

Protein tumor markers

Enzyme tumor markers

Genomicstumor markers


◆ Do different cancer types need to be detected by

different tumor markers?

Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

• Embryonic Antigen Tumor Markers

Many proteins are secreted only during the embryonic

stage, which stop producing after delivery. When a

tumor occurs, these proteins will re-synthesize and be

secreted, thereby being called embryonic antigen-like

tumor marker.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)—liver cancer, spermatogonia.

Embryonic antigen (CEA)—colorectal cancer,

pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer.

• Glycogen Tumor Markers

When normal cells are transformed into malignant

cells, the glycoproteins on the cell surface will

mutate to a specific antigen, which can be detected

by monoclonal techniques. These antigenic

substances presenting on the surface of tumor cells

are called carbohydrate antigens (CA).

CA125—ovarian cancer.

CA15-3—breast cancer, ovarian cancer.

CA19-9—pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, and

gastrointestinal cancer.

CA72-4—gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer,

ovarian cancer.


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

• Hormone Tumor Markers

When a cell with a secretory hormone function is

cancerous, it will secrete abnormal amount of

hormones. Cells that do not produce hormones begin

to produce hormones after canceration.

Calcitonin (CT)—thyroid tumor.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)—embryonal

carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, non-spermatocytic

carcinoma.

• Receptor Tumor Markers

Receptors are components existing on the cell

membrane or in the cells, which are responsible for

recognizing and binding to a biologically active

molecule. It can correctly amplify and transmit the

recognized and received signals to the interior of the

cell, thereby causing biological effects.

Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor

(PR)—breast cancer.

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR)—colorectal cancer,

non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer,

breast cancer.


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

2-2-microglobulin (β2-MG)—multiple myeloma, lymphoma,

leukemia.

Ferritin (SF)—liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, breast cancer.

Thyroglobulin-thyroid cancer.

Cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1)—lung cancer, bladder

cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer,

pancreatic cancer.

Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)—bladder cancer, breast

cancer, ovarian cancer, digestive tract tumors.

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA)—cervical cancer, lung

cancer, head and neck cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer.

• Enzyme Tumor Markers

They are widely used for tumor treatment and prognosis monitoring because of their high

sensitivity and low specificity.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—liver cancer, bone cancer, leukemia, sarcoma.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)—liver cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, ovarian cancer.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)—small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, carcinoid, melanoma,

pancreatic cancer.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)—prostate cancer.

α-L-fucosidase (AFU)—primary liver cancer.

• Protein Tumor Markers


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

• Genomics tumor markers

Ras oncogene—pancreatic cancer, lung cancer,

colon cancer, ovarian cancer, thyroid cancer, liver

cancer, spermatogonia, kidney cancer.

Her-2/neu (erbB2) oncogene—breast cancer,

stomach cancer, ovarian cancer.

Rb tumor suppressor gene—familial

retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, bladder cancer,

breast cancer, lung cancer.

P53 tumor suppressor gene—familial Li-Fraumen

I syndrome, colon cancer, bladder cancer,

stomach cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc.


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

◆ Does the rise in tumor markers mean the

presence of cancer?

First of all, we must perform comprehensive

detections before confirming a diagnostic cancer,

through the methods of X-ray detection, CT detection,

B-ultrasound detection, and pathological diagnosis.

Since most tumor markers are not absolute specific

products of malignant tumors, it is possible that false

positives are in the detection of tumor markers.

Elevated tumor markers are not the same as detecting

cancer cells. Instead of indicating the presence of

cancer, their presence may be caused by certain

benign diseases or drugs.

Many factors might be the reasons for the rise of

tumor markers. For example, some benign

inflammatory diseases will increase the amount of

tumor markers.

CA125 may also be elevated in benign, borderline

tumors and endometriosis of the ovary.


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

◆ Can tumor markers be used in cancer screening?

As some tumors do not secrete related proteins, and some tumor tissues have poor blood

circulation, the tumor markers produced by them cannot be secreted into peripheral

blood, which may lead to "false negatives" in tumor marker detection. If the tumor

marker is normal, the probability of suffering from a related malignancy is relatively low.

However, it needs to be reviewed regularly and diagnosed with other tests if the people

have related family history, precancerous lesions or symptoms. In short, reasonable

application and timely monitoring are the correct ways to clinically apply tumor markers.

◆ Is it necessary to detect tumor markers?

Although tumor markers are not accurate enough, they can help doctors with the

diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment of tumors. It is not recommended to

do tumor marker testing screening for asymptomatic populations, but high-risk groups

should do screening once a year. Such as:

1. 45 years of age or older.

2. People with a genetic history of the tumor family, such as parents or grandparents in

a family who have had cancer.

3. People with long-term inflammatory diseases.

4. People engaged in certain special occupations, such as frequent exposure to

radioactive materials, toxic substances, or serious pollution in the working

environment.

5. People with long-term bad habits, such as smoking, drinking, long-term staying up

late or stressful.


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

◆ How to choose tumor markers?

Most of single tumor markers cannot meet the clinical needs because of low sensitivity

or specificity. In order to improve the value of auxiliary diagnosis and therapeutic

monitoring of tumor markers, it is possible to select 2 or 3 complementary TMs for joint

detection after scientific analysis and strict screening.

Cancer Preferred indicators Auxiliary indicators

Colorectal cancer CEA, CA24-2 CA19-9

Pancreatic cancer CA19-9 CEA, CA24-2

Gastric cancer TCA72-4 CEA, CA19-9

Esophageal cancer CEA CA19-9, SCC

Liver cancer AFP AFU, CEA, CA19-9, HCG

Bile duct / gallbladder carcinoma

CA19-9 CEA, CA24-2

Breast cancer HER2, CA15-3 CEA, CA125

Cervical cancer SCC CEA, CA125

Small Cell Lung Cancer NSE, ProGRP

Prostate cancer PSA

Bladder Cancer TPA, CEA, CA19-9 CYFRA21-1

Thyroid cancer Tg CEA

Malignant melanoma S100

Combined detection of tumor markers


Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

Featured antibodies for tumor markers

Targets Clone Applications Species Reactivity Cat.

CEA 161 ELISA, IP, WB Human CBMAB-XB0225-YC

CA19-9 SPM588 FC, IHC-P, IF Human CBMAB-C1123-CQ

CA19-9 CA19.9/1390R FC, IF, IHC-P Human CBMAB-C0512-CQ

CA19-9 CBXC-2378 FC, IF, IHC-P Human CBMAB-C0012-CQ

KLK3 IHC654 IHC-P, ELISA, IHC Human CBMAB-MA133-YC

KLK3 D2A8 WB, IP, IF (ICC) Human CBMAB-CP2096-LY

AFP IHC510 IHC Human CBMAB-MA007-YC

AFP 4G2D2 ELISA, IHC Human CBMAB-R4290-CN

AFP CBYC-A407 ELISA, WB, IHC-P Human CBMAB-A1569-YC

S100 IHC100 IHC-P, ELISA, IHC Human CBMAB-MA214-YC

CYFRA21-1 CBCNC-543 ELISA, WB Human CBMAB-C3276-CN

CYFRA21-1 KS19.1 ELISA, WB Human CBMAB-C3275-CN

hCG IHC593 IHC Human CBMAB-MA113-YC

CGB NYRhCG ELISA Human CBMAB-C10939-LY

CGA HCG 205 ICC, IHC Human CBMAB-C3841-CQ

ERBB2 44E6 WB Human, Mouse, Rat CBMAB-CP0937-LY

ERBB2 D8F12 WB, IHC-P Human, Mouse, Rat CBMAB-CP0935-LY

ERBB2 4C10 WB, ELISA Human CBMAB-A2684-LY

MUC16 IHC125 IHC-P, ELISA, IHC Human CBMAB-MA173-YC

MUC16 OV185-1 ICC, IF, IHC-P Human CBMAB-C12102-LY

ENO2 D20H2 WB, IPHuman, Mouse, Rat,

MonkeyCBMAB-CP0592-LY

ENO2 1A3 WB, ELISA Human CBMAB-A2614-LY


Since 2004, Creative Biolabs has been working

on the development of tumor markers and the

production of antibodies against tumor markers.

At Creative Biolabs, we utilize advanced

antibody research tools, professional technical

support, and rapid global delivery to ensure

quality for scientific research workers and

customers in industry. We believe that to build

up a custom-service-centered business model is

crucial for optimizing the drug development

process, leveraging accessible resources, and

gathering a team from various backgrounds to

conduct drug discovery projects in the future.

As a preferred supplier for global customers,

we are confident to provide you with first-class

services covering a full range of applications. If

you have any need for antibodies,

please contact us.

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Tumor Markers

in Cancer Screening

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Tumor Marker Detection-antibody

Science

Transcript of Tumor Marker Detection-antibody