tugas referat intoksikasi kafein.doc

8/18/2019 tugas referat intoksikasi kafein.doc

1/13

REFERAT

GANGGUAN MENTAL DAN PERILAKU AKIBAT

PENGGUNAAN ZAT PSIKOAKTIF ( EFEK KAFEIN)

Disusun Oleh :

Ajeng Fe!i"#n$i

%%&'&%&&%

Peiing :

*!+ S#,"uni N#s-#$i. S/+K0

KEPANITERAAN ILMU KESE1ATAN 0I2A

RUMA1 SAKIT 0I2A SOE1ARTO 1EERD0AN

SEPTEMBER '&%3

Kasus

1


2/13

Nn+ E #*#l#h se4!#ng -#ni$# l#j#ng 5uli$ /u$ih e!usi# ' $#hun "#ng e5e!j# /enuh

-#5$u *i seu#h /#!i5 l46#l+ I# 5#*#ng eng54nsusi 4#$ #n$iin,l##si n4ns$e!4i* "#ng

*i/e!4leh $i*#5 el#lui !ese/+ I# eili5i riwayat ketergantungan alcohol *#l# !eisi

sel## 7 $#hun *#n s##$ ini seen#!n"# e!#*# *#l# 54n*isi 5eseh#$#n #i5+

I# ul#i mengkonsumsi kafein ketika mulai kuliah *#n inu#n /ilih#nn"# s##$

ini #*#l#h 54/i+ I# i#s#n"# meminum 4 sampai 5 cangkir kopi setiap hari *#n leih su5#

einun"# $#n/# 5!i. susu. gul#+ I# e/e!5i!#5#n #h-# 3 eni$ e!l#lu #n$#!# i#

-#5$u #ngun $i*u! *i /#gi h#!i *#n -#5$u i# einu 6#ng5i! 54/i /e!$##n"#. $e#n

se5##!n"# en"e*uh s#$u $e54 seelu Nn+ E #ngun *#n Nn+ E sege!# enu#ng 5e

6#ng5i! 5e$i5# $u!un *#!i $e/#$ $i*u!+ I# e#gi 6#ng5i!n"# sel## se/#nj#ng h#!i. *eng#n

6#ng5i! $e!#5hi!n"# se$el#h #5#n si#ng #$#u e!s## #5#n #l#+

D45$e! e!e54en*#si5#nn"# un$u5 engu!#ngi #$#u enghen$i5#n 54nsusi 54/i

5#!en# 5eluh#n sus#h en6e!n# "#ng !ing#n $#/i i# $i*#5 #/u el#5u5#nn"#+ Te#n

se5##!n"# jug# engeluh5#n 54nsusi 54/in"# sese5#li+ Nn+ E se6#!# !u$in einu 54/i

/#n#s *i 4il *#n /e!n#h enu/#h5#n se!$# e#5#! *i!i /#*# s#$u 5ese/#$#n+

Bil# i# menghentikan kafein secara mendadak, Nn. E mengalami iritabilitas yang

nyata, konsentrasi memburuk, serta sakit kepala menyeluruh yang berat. Ke$i5# *iin$#

enil#i 5e/#!#h#n n"e!i 5e/#l#. i# enj#-# 8/#*# s5#l# % s#/#i %& nil#in"# %'9+ I# jug#

eng#l#i n"e!i 4$4$. 5u!#ng ene!g". le$#!gi *#n 5e$#gih#n inu se6#ng5i! 54/i+ Di h#!i

5e$i5# i# enghen$i5#n 54nsusi 54/i se6#!# en*#*#5. i# eningg#l5#n /e5e!j##n ' j#

leih #-#l 5#!en# #s#l#h 54nsen$!#si *#l# /e5e!j##n *#n /e!gi $i*u! ee!#/# j# leih

#-#l *#!i /#*# i#s#n"#+ I# kemudian kembali ke pola konsumsi kopi yang biasa+

Masalah yang ditemukan

• Ri-#"#$ 5e$e!g#n$ung#n #l64h4l

• Meng54nsusi 5#,ein 5e$i5# ul#i 5uli#h

• Meinu s#/#i 3 6#ng5i! 54/i se$i#/ h#!i

• Menghen$i5#n 5#,ein se6#!# en*#*#5. Nn+ E eng#l#i i!i$#ili$#s "#ng n"#$#.

54nsen$!#si eu!u5. se!$# s#5i$ 5e/#l# en"elu!uh "#ng e!#$+

• I# 5eu*i#n 5e#li 5e /4l# 54nsusi 54/i "#ng i#s#+

Multiaksial Diagnosis

2


3/13

A;is I : F% ; Ke#*##n /u$us &?@%

GAF 1LP >&?@%

! "

#END!$%&%!N3


4/13

'.' &atar elakang

K#,ein e!u/#5#n su#$u sen"#-# #l5#l4i* "#ng $e!#su5 *#l# g4l4ng#n

methylxanthine. e/un"#i !#s# /#hi$ *#n e!en$u5 5!is$#l (M#ugh#n G!i,,in. '&&)+

P!4*u5si K#,ein *il#5u5#n *eng#n enge5s$!#5si $#n##n $e!$en$u *#n jug# *i/!4*u5si

se6#!# sin$e$is+ Tuju#n *#!i /!4*u5si 5#,ein #*#l#h un$u5 eenuhi 5eu$uh#n in*us$!i

inu#n. se#g#i /engu#$ !#s# #$#u uu /#*# in*us$!i #5#n#n+ K#n*ung#n 5#,ein se6#!#

#l#i $e!*#/#$ /#*# leih *#!i C& jenis $#n##n $e!u$## $eh. 54/i *#n iji 54l# (Mis!#

Meh$# *55. '&&>)+ K#,ein jug# $e!*#/#$ /#*# 5454# *#n inu#n !ing#n+ O#$ ig!#in *#n

s$iul#n "#ng *iju#l e#s eng#n*ung leih #n"#5 5#,ein *#!i /#*# 5#,ein "#ng

$e!5#n*ung *#l# se6#ng5i! 54/i (K#/l#n. S#*465 G!e. %77@)+

Di Ae!i5# Se!i5#$. >& $e!u$## /en*u*u5 *e-#s# eng54nsusi 5#,ein se$i#/

h#!i *eng#n jul#h !#$#?!#$# '&& g 5#,ein /e! h#!i "#i$u *#l# en$u5 54/i #$#u inu#n

e!s4*#+ Du# /uluh s#/#i $ig# /uluh /e!sen /en*u*u5 *e-#s# eng54nsusi leih *#!i 3&&

g 5#,ein /e! seh#!i+ D#l# se$i#/ s#$u 6#ng5i! 54/i eng#n*ung %&& s#/#i %3& g 5#,ein.

se*#ng5#n $eh eng#n*ung se/e!$ig# *#!i jul#h $e!seu$ (K#/l#n. S#*465 G!e. %77@)+

Neg#!# In*4nesi#. e!u/#5#n neg#!# "#ng ene/#$i u!u$#n 5e*u# /eng54nsusi

54/i $e!es#! *i Asi# se$el#h 0e/#ng. "#i$u *eng#n jul#h 54nsusi se#n"#5 .C ju$#

ung5us /#*# $#hun '&%'. h#sil $e!seu$ *i*#/#$5#n *#!i International Coffee Organization

(IO)+ M#s"#!#5#$ *uni# engen#l 5#,ein $e!u$## 54/i un$u5 en#h#n !#s# 5#n$u5.

ening5#$5#n 44* *#n 54gnisi. se!$# engh#sil5#n e,e5 s$iul#si (1#s5ell. Kenne*" *55.

'&&3 Liee!#n. Th#!i4n *55. '&&')+

! ""

("N)!%!N #%*(!K!

4


5/13

+.' Kafein

N## l#in *#!i

5#,ein #*#l#h

%..3?

trimethylxanthine+

K#,ein

e/un"#i

!uus 4le5ul

>1% & NO'+ P!4ses

e$#4lise

5#,ein $e!j#*i *i

h#$i enj#*i $ig#

e$#4li$ u$##

"#i$u paraxanthine (>

). theobromine (%'

) *#n theophylline

( ) (Mis!#

Meh$# *55.

'&&>)+

+.+ *umber Kafein

M#5#n#n.

inu#n *#n

4#$? 4#$#n "#ng

eng#n*ung

5#,ein #*#l#h

se#g#i e!i5u$:

5

Sue! K#n*ung#n5#,ein (g)

Bee!#ges #n* ,44*s (3? C 4 8%' 4


6/13

+. Neurofarmakologi

K#,ein *#l# $uuh #nusi# 5#,ein eili5i -#5$u /#!uh ?%& j#. en6#/#i

54nsen$!#si /un6#5 *iu$uh5#n -#5$u &?C& eni$+ K#,ein *#/#$ ele-#$i #!ie! *#!#h 4$#5

*eng#n 6e/#$+ Me5#nise 5e!j# u$## 5#,ein #*#l#h se#g#i #n$#g4nis !ese/$4! #*en4sin+

A5$i#si !ese/$4! #*en4sin eng#5$i,5#n su#$u /!4$ein G inhiisi (Gi). sehingg# enginhiisi

/een$u5#n second-messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (6AMP)+ K#,ein

en"e#5#n /ening5#$#n 54nsen$!#si 6AMP in$!#neu!4n#l *i *#l# neu!4n "#ng

e/un"#i !ese/$4! #*en4sin+ Di/e!5i!#5#n #h-# 6#ng5i! 54/i en"e#5#n /ening5#$#n

5#,ein *i *#l# 4$#5. se5i$#! 3& !ese/$4! #*en4sin *ih##$ 4leh 5#,ein+ P#*# ee!#/#

/eneli$i#n $e!u5$i #h-# 5#,ein. 5hususn"# *#l# *4sis #$#u 54nsen$!#si $inggi. *#/#$

e/eng#!uhi neu!4n *4/#in+ Se6#!# s/esi,i5. #5$ii$#s *4/#in ening5#$ *eng#n

#*#n"# 5#,ein. *#n h#l ini *#/#$ enjel#s5#n huung#n 5#,ein *eng#n su#$u e5s#se!#si

gej#l# /si54$i5 /#*# /#sien *eng#n s5i


7/13

Insi*ensi in$45si5#si 5#,ein /e! $#hun *i/e!5i!#5#n eleihi %& + Gej#l# "#ng se!ing

e!huung#n *eng#n in$45si5#si 5#,ein #*#l#h 5e6e#s#n. #gi$#si. *#n 5eluh#n

/si54,isi4l4gis. se/e!$i 5e*u$#n 4$4$. -#j#h 5ee!#h#n. u#l. *iu!esis. g#nggu#n

g#s$!4in$es$in#l. 5e!ing#$ e!leih#n *#n ins4ni#+ K4nsusi 5#,ein leih *#!i % g!# *#/#$

en"e#5#n /ei6#!##n "#ng el#n$u!. #!i$i# j#n$ung. 5elel#h#n. #gi$#si jel#s. $inni$us.

*#n h#lusin#si isu#l !ing#n (5il#$#n 6#h#"#)+ K4nsusi leih *#!i %& g!# 5#,ein *#/#$

en"e#5#n 5ej#ng $4ni5?5l4ni5 uu. g#g#l /e!n#,#s#n. *#n 5e#$i#n (K#/l#n. S#*465

G!e. %77@)+ DSM?I= en"eu$5#n 5!i$e!i# *i#gn4s$i5 un$u5 in$45si5#si 5#,ein /#*# $#el

e!i5u$+

T#el '+% K!i$e!i# *i#gn4sis in$45si5#si 5#,ein+

+./ #utus Kafein

Tiuln"# gej#l# /u$us e!u/#5#n su#$u /en6e!in#n $4le!#nsi *#n 5e$e!g#n$ung#n

,isi4l4gis "#ng e!5e#ng /#*# /e#5#i#n 5#,ein se6#!# $e!us ene!us+ Bee!#/#

/eneli$i#n eu5$i5#n #h-# gej#l# /u$us 5#,ein $e!j#*i /#*# 3&?@& /e#5#i 5#,ein "#ng

*i$elii$i+ Gej#l# /u$us 5#,ein "#ng /#ling se!ing *i$eu5#n #*#l#h n"e!i 5e/#l# *#n 5elel#h#n+

7


8/13

Gej#l# l#in "#ng $iul *#/#$ e!u/# 5e6e#s#n. i!i$#ili$#s. gej#l# *e/!esi, !ing#n. g#nggu#n

5ine!j# /si544$4!. u#l. un$#h. 5e6#n*u#n 5#,ein. se!$# n"e!i *#n 5e5#5u#n 4$4$+ 0ul#h

*#n e!#$n"# gej#l# /u$us 5#,ein e!huung#n *eng#n jul#h 5#,ein "#ng *igun#5#n *#n

-#5$u /enghen$i#n 5#,ein+ Gej#l# /u$us 5#,ein e/un"#i 4nse$ %'?> j# se$el#h 54nsusi

$e!#5hi! *#n gej#l# en6#/#i /un6#5 /#*# '?> j#. 5eu*i#n enghil#ng *#l# % inggu

(K#/l#n. S#*465 G!e. %77@)+

Pu$us 5#,ein se!ing5#li e!si,#$ i#$!4geni5+ D45$e! se!ing ein$# /#sien un$u5

enghen$i5#n #su/#n 5#,ein seelu /!4se*u! e*is $e!$en$u se/e!$i en*4s54/i.

54l4n4s54/i. *#n 5#$e$e!is#si j#n$ung+ Sel#in i$u. *45$e! jug# uun"# eng#nju!5#n /#sien

*eng#n gej#l# 5e6e#s#n. #!i$i# j#n$ung. es4,#gi$is. *#n ins4ni#. un$u5 enghen$i5#n

54nsusi 5#,ein+ Sese4!#ng "#ng su*#h se!ing eng54nsusi 5#,ein. h#!us enu!un5#n

se6#!# e!$#h#/ /enggun##n /!4*u5 "#ng eng#n*ung 5#,ein sel## /e!i4*e @?% h#!i.

u5#n enghen$i5#nn"# se6#!# en*#*#5+ Deng#n *ei5i#n. gej#l# /u$us 5#,ein *#/#$

*ihin*#!i (K#/l#n. S#*465 G!e. %77@)+

T#el '+ Pu$us 5#,ein

+.0 -angguan Kecemasan !kibat Kafein

G#nggu#n 5e6e#s#n #5i#$ 5#,ein "#ng *#/#$ $e!j#*i sel## in$45si5#si 5#,ein.

#*#l#h su#$u *i#gn4s# DSM?I=+ Ke6e#s#n "#ng e!huung#n *eng#n /enggun##n 5#,ein

*#/#$ $#/#5 i!i/ *eng#n gej#l# 5e6e#s#n uu+ P#sien *eng#n g#nggu#n ung5in

$e!lih#$ leih 5#s#!. sen#ng e!i6#!# se6#!# e!leih#n. i!i$#el. engeluh $i*#5 *#/#$ $i*u!

8


9/13

*eng#n #i5. *#n e/un"#i ene!gi "#ng e!leih+ Mes5i/un 5#,ein *#/#$ en"e#5#n #$#u

enge5s#se!#si se!#ng#n /#ni5 /#*# sese4!#ng *eng#n g#nggu#n /#ni5. su#$u huung#n

se# #5i#$ #n$#!# 5#,ein *#n g#nggu#n /#ni5 #sih elu *#/#$ *iu5$i5#n (K#/l#n.

S#*465 G!e. %77@)+

K#,ein e!u/#5#n s$iul#n "#ng *#/#$ ening5#$5#n *en"u$ j#n$ung. sehingg#

eng#5i#$5#n 5egugu/#n *#n #gi$#si. ening5#$5#n $ing5#$ 5e6e#s#n+ B#gi sese4!#ng

"#ng eili5i g#nggu#n 6e#s. 5#,ein *#/#$ en6e$us5#n se!#ng#n /#ni5. *#n #gi

sese4!#ng "#ng $i*#5 i#s#n"# 6e#s. 5#,ein *#/#$ en"e#5#n 5e6e#s#n+ K#,ein *#/#$

en6e$us5#n #u/un e/e!e!#$ 5e6e#s#n #$#u g#nggu#n /#ni5 ( N#-!4$. 04!*#n *55.

'&&%)+

+.1 -angguan (idur !kibat Kafein

K#,ein *#/#$ e/e!6e/#$ $in*#5#n 4$#5 #g#! $e$#/ *#l# 5e#*##n -#s/#*#+ K#,ein

e!i5#$#n *#ng#n !ese/$4! #*en4sin *i 4$#5+ A*en4sin e!u/#5#n sen"#-# nu5le4$i*# "#ng

e!,ungsi enu!un5#n #5$ii$#s sel s#!#, s##$ $e!i5#$ /#*# sel $e!seu$+ S## se/e!$i #*en4sin.

4le5ul 5#,ein jug# $e!i5#$ /#*# !ese/$4! "#ng s##. n#un eili5i e,e5 "#ng e!e*#+

K#,ein $i*#5 enu!un5#n #5$ii$#s sel s#!#,. el#in5#n engh##$ ,ungsi #*en4sin+

Deng#n *ei5i#n. #5$ii$#s 4$#5 ening5#$ *#n eng#5i#$5#n h4!4n e/ine,!in *ile/#s5#n+

14!4n $e!seu$ #5#n ening5#$5#n *en"u$ j#n$ung. ening5#$5#n $e5#n#n *#!#h.

ening5#$5#n su/l#i *#!#h 5e 4$4$?4$4$. *#n engu!#ngi su/l#i *#!#h 5e 5uli$ *#n 4!g#n

*#l#+ Sel#in i$u. 5#,ein jug# e/un"#i e,e5 ening5#$5#n neu!4$!#nsi$$e! *4/#in *i

4$#5. "#ng e/un"#i /e!#n *#l# 54n$!4l 4$4!i5. 4$i#si. arousal, reward *#n 54gnisi+

1#l ini *#/#$ enjel#s5#n g#nggu#n $i*u! se/e!$i ins4ni#. "#ng *#/#$ $e!j#*i se#g#i #5i#$

*#!i /enggun##n 5#,ein (h#-l#. '&%%)+

K#,ein *ise!#/ *#n *ieliin#si se6#!# 6e/#$ 4leh $uuh+ P!4ses e$#4lise 5#,ein

e!l#ngsung $e!u$## *i h#$i+ Diu$uh5#n -#5$u 5i!#?5i!# 3?@ j# un$u5 engeliin#si

se$eng#h jul#h 5#,ein *#!i $uuh+ Se$el#h %& j#. 5i!#?5i!# @3 5#,ein su*#h $e!eliin#si+

P#*# uun"#. 4!#ng "#ng eng54nsusi %?' 6#ng5i! 54/i *i /#gi h#!i $i*#5 #5#n

eng#l#i g#nggu#n $i*u! /#*# #l# h#!in"#+ N#un h#l ini jug# *i/eng#!uhi 4leh

sensi$ii$#s se$i#/ 4!#ng "#ng e!e*#?e*#. e!g#n$ung /#*# e$#4lise $uuh *#n jul#h

5#,ein "#ng *i54nsusi (h#-l#. '&%%)+ Peneli$i#n seelun"# 4leh D!#/e#u et al ('&&C)

"#ng eneli$i e,e5 /enggun##n 5#,ein '&& g seelu $i*u! enunju55#n h#sil /ening5#$#n

*#!i 4nse$ $i*u!. /enu!un#n jul#h j# $i*u!. *#n /e!u!u5#n 5u#li$#s $i*u! (D!#/e#u. Be!$

*55. '&&C)+9


10/13

+.'2 Kafein dan *ki3ofrenia

Bl45#*e !ese/$4! #*en4sin 4leh 5#,ein *#/#$ ening5#$5#n #5$ii$#s *4/#ine!gi5

*#n eng#5i#$5#n e5s#se!#si gej#l# /si54$i5+ Seu#h /eneli$i#n "#ng *il#5u5#n $e!h#*#/

@> /#sien *eng#n s5i++ F!e*h4l e$ #l %777)+ Ke5u!#ng#n 4n4#in# /us#$ #*#l#h s#l#h s#$u *#!i *e/!esi

(Bel#5e! *#n Ag# '&&>). *#n ee!#/# 4#$ #n$i*e/!es#n *i!#n6#ng un$u5 ening5#$5#n

$!#nsisi 4n4#ine!gi5+ E,e5 ,#!#54l4gis ini enunju55#n #h-# 5#,ein jug# is#

e!$in*#5 se#g#i #n$i*e/!es#n !ing#n. hi/4$esis "#ng is# enjel#s5#n !isi54 *e/!esi "#ng

leih !en*#h *i #n$#!# /einu 54/i *#l# s$u*i e/i*ei4l4gi +

Me$#4lise 5#,ein. jug# /en$ing *#l# e$#4lise ee!#/# 4#$. $e!#su5

#n$i/si54$i5. en


11/13

eu#$ !e54en*#si 54nsusi 5#,ein #n$#!# in*ii*u?in*ii*u enggun#5#n 4#$

/si54#5$i,+

+.'+ Kafein dan !lkohol

Pe!$##. 5#,ein enu!un5#n 5#*#! 5e!#6un#n *#n en6eg#h engu!#ngi 5eingin#n

un$u5 $e!us inu+ Ke*u#. #l54h4l enu!un5#n #5u!#si !es/4n *i seu# /ese!$# 5e6u#li

e!e5# "#ng #i5 *ih#!#/5#n *#n ene!i# 5#,ein. "#ng enunju55#n in$e!#5si #n$#!# e,e5

,#!#54l4gis *#!i 4#$ *#n h#!#/#n hi*u/+ Ke$ig#. 5#,ein engu!#ngi e,e5 #l54h4l /#*#

-#5$u !e#5si /engh##$#n #l54h4l (!es/4n 6e/#$ "#ng s#l#h)+

K#,ein #5#n ele#h5#n e,e5 #l54h4l /#*# /e!il#5u /#sien. $ing5#$ se*#si. /e!il#5u

neg#$i,. engu!#ngi i/uls. 5e#/u#n engeu*i *#n in$45si5#si. *#n #h-# h#l i$u

#5#n ening5#$5#n s$iul#si. #,e5 /4si$i, *#n 5eingin#n un$u5 $e!us inu+

2.13 (ata &aksana

Peng4#$#n u$## un$u5 g#nggu#n e!huung#n *eng#n 5#,ein #*#l#h enghen$i5#n

#$#u engu!#ngi 54nsusi /!4*u5 "#ng eng#n*ung 5#,ein *#!i *ie$ #$#u 5ei#s##n

sese4!#ng+ Penge$#hu#n /#sien $en$#ng e!#g#i /!4*u5 "#ng eng#n*ung 5#,ein #*#l#h

/en$ing un$u5 5ee!h#sil#n /eng4#$#n+ P#sien "#ng eili5i 5ei#s##n eng54nsusi 54/i

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K#/l#n 1I. S#*465 B0. G!e 0A (%77@)+ $inopsis &siiatri 0ili* %+ E*isi 5e?@+

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1#s5ell F. Kenne*" DO. 2esnes KA. S6h4le" AB ('&&3)+ Cognitive and mood

improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine +

Ps"6h4/h#!#64l4g" (Be!l)+

Liee!#n 1R. Th#!i4n 20. Shu5i$$?1#le B. S/e65#n KL. Tulle" R ('&&')+

%ffects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during *#$#

!avy $%1( training# $ea) 1ir)(and + Ps"6h4/h#!#64l4g" (Be!l)+

Mis!# 1D. Meh$# BK. Meh$# M. S4ni D. 0#in ('&&>)+ $tudy of %xtraction and

&'(C ) *+ ethod for %stimation of Caffeine in areted 'ea .Camellia sinensis/

0ranules+ In$e!n#$i4n#l 04u!n#l 4, G!een Ph#!#6"+

N#-!4$ P . 04!*#n 0. E#s$-44* 0. R4$s$ein A. 1ugenh4l$

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