Tugas Informatik

7/24/2019 Tugas Informatik

1/23

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Muhamad Iqbal Wiawan (215441013)

i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Tugas 1 Informatika

DIPLOMA 4 TEKNIK ELEKTROMEKANIK

POLITEKNIK MANUFAKTUR NEGERI BANDUNG

Jl. Kanayakan no. 21, DAGO 40235, TromolPos 851 BANDUNG 40008 INDON!IA

P"on# $ %2 022 2500241 &a' $ %2 022 2502%4( )om#*a+# $ "*

$--.*olman./om,mal $*olmanm#lsa.n#.

0

Disusunoleh :

Muhamad Iqbal Wiawan

4 AE
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

A!"II "ODE #Am$ri%an !tan&ar& "o&$

for Information Int$r%'ang$()

Tabel 1.$%&II &od"

F*o+ "'art)1. PENDA,ULUAN

&lo/"ar aala" *#n++amaran s#/ara +ra6k ar lan+ka"lan+ka"

an 7r77r7an *ros#7r ar s7a7 *ro+ram. &lo/"ar m#nolon+ anals

an *ro+ramm#r 7n7k m#m#/a"kan masala" k#alam s#+m#ns#+m#n

1


3/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

yan+ l#" k#/l an m#nolon+ alam m#n+analss al#rnaal#rna lan

alam *#n+o*#rasan.

&lo/"ar asanya m#m*#rm7a" *#ny#l#saan s7a7 masala"k"7s7snya masala" yan+ *#rl7 *#la9ar an #:al7as l#" lan97.

-. PEDOMAN/PEDOMAN DALAM MEMBUAT FLO0",ARTBla s#oran+ anals an *ro+ramm#r akan m#m7a ;o/"ar, aa

##ra*a *#7n97k yan+ "ar7s *#r"akan, s#*#r $1. &lo/"ar +amarkan ar "alaman atas k# a+a' an ar kiri k#

kanan.2. Ak:as yan+ +amarkan "ar7s #6nskan s#/ara "a"a an

#6ns n "ar7s a*a m#n+#r ol#" *#ma/anya.3. Ka*an ak:as m7la an #rak"r "ar7s #n7kan s#/ara 9#las.4. !#a* lan+ka" ar ak:as "ar7s 7rakan #n+an m#n++7nakan

#skr*s kaa k#r9a.5. !#a* lan+ka" ar ak:as "ar7s #raa *aa 7r7an yan+ #nar.%. oum"nt lowhart?/. &lo/"ar !k#mak >%h"mati lowhart?. &lo/"ar Pro+ram >*rogram lowhart?#. &lo/"ar Pros#s >*ro"ss lowhart?

2.1 FLO0",ART !I!TEM&lo/"ar !s#m m#r7*akan a+an yan+ m#n7n97kkan al7r k#r9a

aa7 a*a yan+ s#an+ k#r9akan alam ss#m s#/ara k#s#l7r7"an an

m#n9#laskan 7r7an ar *ros#7r*ros#7r yan+ aa alam ss#m.

2


4/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

D#n+an kaa lan, ;o/"ar n m#r7*akan #skr*s s#/ara +ra6k ar

7r7an *ros#7r*ros#7r yan+ #rkomnas yan+ m#m#n7k s7a7

ss#m.&lo/"ar !s#m #rr ar aa yan+ m#n+alr m#lal7 ss#m an

*ros#s yan+ m#nransormaskan aa 7. Daa an *ros#s alam

;o/"ar ss#m a*a +amarkan s#/ara onlin" >"77n+kan lan+s7n+

#n+an kom*7#r? aa7 o+in" >ak "77n+kan lan+s7n+ #n+an

kom*7#r, msalnya m#sn k, /as" r#+s#r aa7 kalk7laor?.@ono" s##r"ana 7n7k ;o/"ar ss#m a*a l"a *aa

Gambar 1.

#rk7 n $

3


5/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 1. lowhart %is

2.- FLO0",ART PAPER0ORK FLO0",ART DOKUMEN&lo/"ar Pa*#rork m#n#l7s7r al7r ar aa yan+ 7ls m#lal7

ss#m. &lo/"ar Pa*#rork s#rn+ s#7 97+a #n+an &lo/"ar

Dok7m#n. K#+7naan 7amanya aala" 7n7k m#n#l7s7r al7r orm an

la*oran ss#m ar sa7 a+an k# a+an lan ak a+amana al7r orm

an la*oran *ros#s, /aa an sm*an.Gambar 2. m#n++amarkan s7a7 /ono" ;o/"ar n m#n+#na

al7r *#m7aan kar7 an++oa 7n7k s7a7 *#r*7sakaan.

FLO0 DOKUMEN !I!TEM BARU "ALON ANGGOTA PERPU!TAKAANGambar 2. lowhart *a!"rwork

KETERANGAN 5 $ as7kkan aa /alon an++oa k# alam kom*7#r >*ros#s *#n+san

aa?

P $ Tana an+an an :alas aa2.2 FLO0",ART !KEMATIK

4


6/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

&lo/"ar !k#mak mr* #n+an &lo/"ar !s#m yan+

m#n++amarkan s7a7 ss#m aa7 *ros#7r. &lo/"ar !k#mak n

7kan "anya m#n++7nakan smolsmol ;o/"ar sanar, #a* 97+a

m#n++7nakan +amar+amar kom*7#r, *#r*"#ral, ormorm aa7

*#ralaan lan yan+ +7nakan alam ss#m.&lo/"ar !k#mak +7nakan s#a+a ala kom7nkas anara

anals ss#m #n+an s#s#oran+ yan+ ak amlar #n+an smolsmol

;o/"ar yan+ kon:#nsonal. P#makaan +amar s#a+a +an ar

smolsmol ;o/"ar akan m#n+"#ma ak7 yan+ 77"kan ol#"

s#s#oran+ 7n7k m#m*#la9ar smol asrak s##l7m a*a m#n+#r;o/"ar.

Gamar+amar n m#n+7ran+ k#m7n+knan sala" *#n+#ran

#nan+ ss#m, "al n s#akan ol#" k#akm#n+#ran #nan+

smolsmol yan+ +7nakan. Gamar+amar 97+a m#m7a"kan

*#n+ama 7n7k m#n+#r s#+ala s#s7a7 yan+ maks7kan ol#" anals,

s#"n++a "aslnya l#" m#ny#nan+kan an an*a aa sala" *#n+#ran.

2.4 FLO0",ART PROGRAM&lo/"ar Pro+ram "aslkan ar &lo/"ar !s#m. &lo/"ar

Pro+ram m#r7*akan k##ran+an yan+ l#" rn/ #nan+ a+amana

s#a* lan+ka" *ro+ram aa7 *ros#7r s#s7n++7"nya laksanakan.

&lo/"ar n m#n7n97kkan s#a* lan+ka" *ro+ram aa7 *ros#7r alam

7r7an yan+ #*a saa #r9a.Pro+ramm#r m#n++7nakan ;o/"ar *ro+ram 7n7k

m#n++amarkan 7r7an nsr7ks ar *ro+ram kom*7#r. Anals !s#m

m#n++7nakan ;o/"ar *ro+ram 7n7k m#n++amarkan 7r7an 7+as

7+as *#k#r9aan alam s7a7 *ros#7r aa7 o*#ras.!7a7 /ono" ;o/"ar *ro+ram a*a l"a *aa Gambar 3. #rk7

n $

5


7/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 3. lowhart *rogram

%


8/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

2.6 FLO0",ART PRO!E!&lo/"ar Pros#s m#r7*akan #knk *#n++amaran r#kayasa n7sral

yan+ m#m#/a" an m#n+analss lan+ka"lan+ka" s#lan97nya alams7a7 *ros#7r aa7 ss#m.

&lo/"ar Pros#s m#mlk lma smol k"7s7s >l"a Gambar 4?

Gambar 4. %imbol lowhart *ros"s&lo/"ar Pros#s +7nakan ol#" *#r#kayasa n7sral alam m#m*#la9ar

an m#n+#man+kan *ros#s*ros#s man7a/7rn+. Dalam analss

ss#m, ;o/"ar n +7nakan s#/ara ##k 7n7k m#n#l7s7r al7r s7a7

la*oran aa7 orm.

Paa Gambar 5. m#n++amarkan s7a7 /ono" ;o/"ar *ros#s.

=


9/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 5. lowhart *ros"s

4 !IMBOL/!IMBOL FLO0",ART!molsmol ;o/"ar yan+ asanya *aka aala" smolsmol

;o/"ar sanar yan+ k#l7arkan ol#" AN!I an I!O.!molsmol n a*a l"a *aa Gambar 6. %imbol lowhart

Standar #rk7 n $

8


10/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 6. %imbol lowhart %tandar

(


11/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

10


12/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 6.,an-utan

11


13/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 6. ,an-utan

12


14/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Gambar 6. ,an-utan

!tru%togram)

T"# !tru%togram "as ano"#r nam# as a Nassi7!'n$i&$rman

&iagram #N!D(. In /om*7#r *ro+rammn+ s a +ra*"/al #s+n

r#*r#s#naon or sr7/7r# *ro+rammn+. T"s y*# o a+ram as

#:#lo*# n 1(=2 y Isaa/ Nass an B#n !"n##rman"o #r# o"

13
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_modelinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Nassihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Shneidermanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_modelinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Nassihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman


15/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

+ra7a# s7#ns a !UNC!ony Brook.T"# r#ason "y "#s# a+rams

ar# /all# stru%togramsas "#y s"o a *ro+rams sr7/7r#s.

14


16/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

1. OVERVIEW&ollon+ a top-down des!n, "# *rol#m a "an s r#7/# no

small#r an small#r s7*rol#ms, 7nl only sm*l# sa#m#ns an"ontrol #ow/onsr7/s r#man. NassE!"n##rman a+rams r#;#/ "s

o*on #/om*oson n a sra+"orar ay, 7sn+ n#s# o'#s o

r#*r#s#n s7*rol#ms. @onss#n " "# *"loso*"y o sr7/7r#

*ro+rammn+, NassE!"n##rman a+rams "a:# no r#*r#s#naon or a

GOTOsa#m#n.NassE!"n##rman a+rams ar# only rar#ly 7s# or ormal

*ro+rammn+. T"#r asra/on l#:#l s /los# o sr7/7r# *ro+ram /o#

an mo6/aons r#F7r# "# "ol# a+ram o # r#ran. Non#"#l#ss,

"#y /an # 7s#7l or sk#/"n+ *ro/#ss#s an "+"l#:#l #s+ns.NassE!"n##rman a+rams ar# >almos? somorp$" "

#ow"$arts. :#ry"n+ yo7 /an r#*r#s#n " a NassE!"n##rman

a+ram yo7 /an also r#*r#s#n " a ;o/"ar. &or ;o/"ars o

*ro+rams, almos #:#ry"n+ yo7 /an r#*r#s#n " a ;o/"ar yo7 /an

also r#*r#s#n " a NassE!"n##rman a+ram. T"# #'/#*ons ar#

/onsr7/s lk# !oto an "# % pro!rammn! lan!&a!e r#ak an

/onn7# sa#m#ns or loo*s.In G#rmany, NassE!"n##rman a+rams #r# sanars# n

1(85 as DIN %%2%1. T"#y ar# sll 7s# n G#rman nro7/ons o

*ro+rammn+, or #'am*l# B/"#r an Kn#Hls nro7/on o @,'5(

Ba#7ml#@o7r" an !/"ms nro7/on o @'6(an Kr/"s nro7/on

o @.2. )a!rams

-.1 Pro%$ss *o%ksT"# *ro/#ss lo/k r#*r#s#ns "# sm*l#s o s#*s an r#F7r#s no

analys#s. "#n a *ro/#ss lo/k s #n/o7n#r# "# a/on ns# "# lo/k

s *#rorm# an # mo:# ono "# n#' lo/k.

15
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-down_designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOTOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowcharthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassi%E2%80%93Shneiderman_diagram#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassi%E2%80%93Shneiderman_diagram#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-down_designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOTOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowcharthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassi%E2%80%93Shneiderman_diagram#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassi%E2%80%93Shneiderman_diagram#cite_note-6


17/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Pro/#ss lo/ks-.- Bran%'ing *o%ks

T"#r# ar# o y*#s o ran/"n+ lo/ks. &rs s "# sm*l#Tr7#-&als# or C#s-No ran/"n+ lo/k "/" o#rs "# *ro+ram o *a"s

o ak# #*#nn+ on "#"#r or no a /onon "as ##n 7l6ll#. T"#s#

lo/ks /an # 7s# as a loo*n+ *ro/#7r# so**n+ "# *ro+ram rom

/onn7n+ 7nl a /onon "as ##n 7l6ll#.

Tr7#-&als# ran/"n+ lo/ks

T"# s#/on y*# o ran/"n+ lo/k s a m7l*l# ran/"n+ lo/k.

T"s lo/k s 7s# "#n a s#l#/ /as# s n### n a *ro+ram. T"# lo/k

7s7ally /onans a F7#son or s#l#/ /as#. T"# lo/k *ro:#s "# *ro+ram

" an array o /"o/#s an s o#n 7s# n /on97n/on " s7 *ro/#ss

lo/ks o sa:# s*a/#.

1%
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two-Way_Branch.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Process_Block2.jpg


18/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

7l*l# ran/"n+ lo/ks-.2 T$sting *oo8s

T"s lo/k allos "# *ro+ram o loo* on# or a s# o *ro/#ss 7nl a

*ar/7lar /onon s 7l6ll#. T"# *ro/#ss lo/ks /o:#r# y #a/" loo*

ar# s7s# " a s#ar #'#nn+ o7 rom "# /onon.T"#r# ar# o man y*#s o #sn+ loo*s, #s 6rs an #s las

lo/ks. T"# only #r#n/# ###n "# o s "# or#r n "/" "#

s#*s n:ol:# ar# /om*l##. In "# #s 6rs s7aon, "#n "# *ro+ram

#n/o7n#rs "# lo/k #ss o s## "# /onon s 7l6ll#, "#n, s

no /om*l##s "# *ro/#ss lo/ks an "#n loo*s a/k. T"# #s s

*#rorm# a+an an, "# /onon s sll 7n7l6ll#, *ro/#ss#s a+an.

I a any sa+# "# /onon s 7l6ll# "# *ro+ram sk*s "# *ro/#sslo/ks an /onn7#s ono "# n#' lo/k.

)CP


19/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

T#s 6rs loo* lo/kT"# #s las lo/k s sm*ly r#:#rs#, "# *ro/#ss lo/ks ar#

/om*l## #or# "# #s s *#rorm#. T"# #s las loo* allos or "#*ro/#ss lo/ks o # *#rorm# a l#as on/# #or# "# 6rs #s.

T#s las loo* lo/k

2 FLO0",ART 9! !TRU"TOGRAM

:#ry"n+ # /an r#*r#s#n " a o' a+ram yo7 /an also

r#*r#s#n " a ;o/"ar.

&or ;o/"ar o *ro+rams, 97s ao7 #:#ry"n+ # /an

r#*r#s#n " a ;o/"ar yo7 /an r#*r#s#n " a o' a+ram.

T"# #'/#*ons ar# "n+s lk# +oo, r#ak, an /onn7#

sa#m#ns.

A*gorit'm E:$r%is$s)1. Fin&ing ma: -

Tit*$ &nn+ ma' 2Di%tionar;

In8ut5 A an B as y# --2 n*7s :aral#Out8ut 5 @ as y# -- :ara#l o A,B?If AB t'$n@QBIfARB t'$n@QAIfAQB t'$n@QBDs*lay O7*7 @

$n&

-. Fin&ing ma: 2Tit*$ &nn+ ma' 3

18
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Test_Last.jpg


20/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

Di%tionar;In8ut5 A, B an @ as y# --2 n*7s :aral#Out8ut 5 S as y# -- :ara#l o A,B,@?SQAIfRS t'$nSQBIf@RS t'$nSQ@Ds*lay o7*7 S

$n&

Notasi A*goritma)Noas Al+orma a*a #r9#ma"kan k# alam #ra+a a"asa

*#mro+raman. Analo+nya sama #n+an r#s#* m#m7a k7#. !#7a"

r#s#* a*a 7ls alam a"asa a*a*7n an "aslnya akan sama asalkan

s#m7a a7ran *aa r#s#* k7. #n+a*a #mkan Kar#na s#a* 97r7

masak >s#a+a *#mros#s? a*a m#lak7kan o*#ras asar yan+ sama,

s#*#r m#n+o/ok #l7r, m#nman+ #ra +7la, an lan s#a+anya.D#mkan 97+a "alnya #n+an kom*7#r. #sk*7n s#a* kom*7#r

#r#a #knolo+nya, #a* s#/ara 7m7m s#m7a kom*7#r a*a

m#lak7kan o*#raso*#ras asar alam *#mro+raman s#*#r o*#ras

*#ma/aan aa, o*#ras *#rann+an, o*#ras armaka, an

s#a+anya. P#rk#man+an #knolo+ kom*7#r ak m#n+7a" o*#ras

o*#ras asar 7, yan+ #r7a" "anyala" k#/#*aan, aya, aa7 n+ka

k##lan. Paa ss lan s#a* *ro+ram alam a"asa n+ka n++ s#lal7

#r9#ma"kan k#alam a"asa m#sn s##l7m ak"rnya k#r9akan ol#"

@PU. !#a* nsr7ks alam a"asa m#sn m#nya9kan o*#ras asar yan+

s#s7a, an m#n+"aslkan ##k n#o yan+ sama *aa s#a* kom*7#r.P$mrograman Pros$&ura*Al+orma #rs 7r7an lan+ka"lan+ka" *#ny#l#saan masala". In

#rar Al+orma aala" *ros#s yan+ *ro/#7ral.D#6ns Pros#7ral m#n7r7 Kam7s B#sar Ba"asa Inon#sa $

1. Ta"a*a"a* k#+aan 7n7k m#ny#l#sakan s7a7 ak:as.

1(


21/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

2. #o# lan+ka" #m lan+ka" s#/ara #ksak alam m#m#/a"kan

s7a7 masala".

Paa *#mro+raman *ro/#7ral, *ro+ram #akan anara a+anaa #n+an a+an nsr7ks. Ba+an nsr7ks #rr aas r7n7an

>s"qu"n"? nsr7ks yan+ laksanakan sa7 *#r sa7 s#/ara #r7r7an

ol#" *#mros#s. Al7r *#laksanaan nsr7ks a*a #r7a" kar#na aanya

*#n/aan+an konsonal. Daa yan+ sm*an alam m#mor

man*7las ol#" nsr7s s#/ara #r7n7n aa7 *ro/#7ral. Para+ma

*#mro+raman s#*#r n namakan *#mro+raman *ro/#7ral.Ba"asaa"asa n+ka n++ s#*#r &obol. /asi. *asal. ortran

an & m#n7k7n+ k#+aan *#mro+raman *ro/#7ral, kar#na 7 m#r#ka

namakan 97+a a"asa *ro/#7ral. !#lan *ara+ma *#mro+raman

*ro/#7ral, aa la+ *ara+ma yan+ lan ya7 *#mro+raman #ror#nas

o9#k >b-"t ri"nt"d *rogramming). Para+ma *#mro+raman n

m#r7*akan r#n ar7 an san+a *o*7lr ak"rak"r n.Para+ma *#mro+raman yan+ lan aala" 8$mrograman

fungsiona*, 8$mrogramn &$k*aratif an 8$mrograman konkur$n.

Paa k#s#m*aan n *#n7ls "anya m#nya9kan 8ara&igma

8$mrograman 8ro%$&ura* sa9a.K#7n7n+an *#makaan al+orma aala"$ lo+ka *#m#/a"an

masala" a*a 7a #rn+ka >m7la ar +loal m#n797 #r*#rn/?,

al+orma m#r7*akan #n7k ;#ks#l 7n7k #ra*kan k##ra+a

a"asa *#mro+raman.Ja noas al+orma aala"$1. *#ny7s7naan as*#k*ros#s lo+ka ar s7a7 *#m#/a"an masala"

an*a m#l"a karak#rsk a"asa *#mro+raman yan+ akan

+7nakan.2. Ur7an noas lo+ka yan+ m#r7*akan "asl analss an

ran/an+an ss#mak ar sra#+ *#m#/a"an masla", 7n7k

m#n++amarkan 7r7an lan+ka" k#r9a yan+ 9ka k#r9akan akan

m#maa k#797annya.3. Ur7an lo+ka lan+ka" k#r9a 7n7k m#y#l#sakan s7a7 masala".

@ono" al+orma alam k#"7*an s#"ar"ar, msalnya$

m#n9a" *akaan, m#m7a k7#, 9aal "aran, *an7anm#rak kom*7#r, an lanlan.

20


22/23

Tugas 1 Informatika


i!loma 4T"knik

#l"ktrom"kanik

B##ra*a noas yan+ +7nakan alam *#n7lsan al+orma $1. Noas I $ 7naan kalma #skr*2. Noas II $ a+ram alr >;o /"ar?3. Noas III $ *s7o/o#

@ono" masala" $ m#n+"7n+ l7as s#+#m*a.Notasi I 5Al+orma


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