TUGAS AKHIR

ANALISA SISTEM KERJA HYDRAULIC PADA EX200

HITACHI

Disusun Sebagai Syarat Untuk Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Disusun Oleh:

Nanda Dicky Vidayana

D200150209

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2019

ii

iii

iv

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MOTTO

Bersikaplah kukuh seperti batu karang yang tidak putus-putusnya dipukul ombak. Ia

tidak saja tetap berdiri kukuh, bahkan ia menenteramkan amarah ombak dan

gelombang itu.

Tetaplah bekerja keras dan berusaha walaupun rintangan itu pasti ada.

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ANALISA SISTEM KERJA HYDRAULIC

PADA EX200 HITACHI

Nanda DickyVidayana, Sartono Putro

Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromo l Pos 1 Pabelan, Surakarta

Email : nandadicky9@gmail.com

Abstrak

Hydraulic system pada excavator sangat penting, yang berfungsi untuk

menggerakkan Upperstructure dan Undercarriage bergerak dengan bermanuver.

Dilakukannya pembahasan ini yaitu bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana system

kerja Hydraulic dan Perawatan pada Hydraulic system. Dalam Hydraulic system

dilakukan perawatan sangat penting untuk menjaga agar kerja Hydraulic system tetap

stabil. Beberapa perawatan yang dapat dilakukan pada komponen Hydraulic system

antara lain mengecekoli, pengecekan pada selang Hydraulic, Bila oli sudah mencapai

jam prosedur perawatan disarankan untuk segera mengganti yang baru. Untuk

mengatasi atau meminimalisir kerusakan Hydraulic system.

Kata Kunci :Sistem, Hydraulic, Cylinder, Komponen

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ANALISA SISTEM KERJA HYDRAULIC

PADA EX200 HITACHI

Nanda DickyVidayana, SartonoPutro

TeknikMesinUniversitasMuhammadiyah Surakarta

Jl. Ahmad YaniTromolPos 1 Pabelan, Surakarta.

Email : nandadicky9@gmail.com

Abstract

Hydraulic Systems on excavators are very important that serves to move

Upperstructure and Undercarriage move with maneuvers. The conduct of this

discussion is aimed at learning how hydraulic work systems and treatments i

hydraulic systems are conducted. In this systems hydraulic maintenance its essential

to keep the systems hydraulic work stable. Some treatments that can be done with

systems hydraulic components include oil check, system hydraulic hocking check. If

oil reaches medical hours, it is recommended that immediately replace new ones, To

overcome on minimize hydraulic breakdown system must be administered as

prescribed treatments.

Keywords: Systems, Hydraulic, component, cylinder

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KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadiran Allah

SWT. Zat yang telah menciptakan manusia dengan penciptaan yang sebaik-baiknya,

menyempurnakan dengan akal dan membimbingnya dengan menurunkan pada utusan

pilihannya, serta telah melimpahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kepada penulis

sehingga dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini dengan judul

"Analisa Sistem Kerja Hydraulic Pada EX200 Hitachi". Adapun tujuan dari

penulisan laporan ini adalah sebagai salah satu syarat akademik Program Studi S1

Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Untuk itu, penulis pada kesempatan ini dengan ketulusan dan keiklasan hati

yang mendalam menyampaikan rasa terimakasih dan penghargaan besar kepada :

1. Kedua Orang Tua kami beserta keluarga besar yang telah memberikan Do'a,

dukungan, motivasi dan bantuan baik moril maupun material.

2. Bapak Ir. Sartono Putro, M.T selaku Dosen Pembimbing kami di jurusan

Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

3. Bapak Dr. Suranto, MM selaku Direktur Sekolah Vokasi Jurusan Teknik

Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

4. Saudara-saudara kami Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

yang telah memberikan support kepada kami.

5. Teman-teman kos Aizy yang telah memberikan fasilitas selama mengerjakan

Tugas Akhir ini.

6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir

ini.

Surakarta, November 2019

Penyusun

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................... i

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR ............................................ ii

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ...................................................................... iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... iv

LEMBAR SOAL TUGAS AKHIR ............................................................... v

MOTTO ............ ........................................................................................ vi

ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................ vii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ x

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Kegiatan ............................................................................ 1

1.3 Tujuan Kegiatan ................................................................................ 2

1.4 Batasan Kegiatan ............................................................................... 2

1.5 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 2

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 2

BAB II DASAR TEORI

2.1 Pengertian Excavator ......................................................................... 4

2.2 Sifat-Sifat Fluida ............................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Hukum Pascal ........................................................................... 5

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2.3 Tekanan Absolute dan Tekanan Gauge ............................................. 6

2.4 Hydraulic Tank ............................................................................... 8

2.4.1 Tidak Berhubungan Dengan Udara Luar (Pressureized) ............ 8

2.4.2 Berhubungan Dengan Udara Luar (Unpressureized).................. 9

2.4.3 Oil Cooler ................................................................................. 10

2.5 Hydraulic Pump .............................................................................. 10

2.5.1 Non Positive Displacement ....................................................... 11

2.5.2 Positive Displacement Pump ..................................................... 12

2.6 Hydraulic Control Valve .................................................................. 19

2.6.1 Pressure Control Valve ............................................................. 20

2.6.2 Flow Control Valve .................................................................. 22

2.6.3 Directional Control Valve ......................................................... 25

2.7 Actuator ........................................................................................... 26

2.7.1 Single Acting ............................................................................ 27

2.7.2 Double Acting .......................................................................... 27

2.8 Hydraulic Oil Filter .......................................................................... 28

2.8.1 Surface Filter .......................................................................... 29

2.8.2 Depth Filter ............................................................................ 30

BAB III RANGKAI PENGGERAK ATTACHMENT

3.1 Rangkai Penggerak Swing Motor ..................................................... 32

3.2 Rangkai Penggerak Travel Motor ..................................................... 33

3.3 Rangkai Penggerak Boom (Raise) .................................................... 34

3.4 Rangkai Penggerak Boom (Down) ................................................... 35

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3.5 Rangkai Penggerak Arm (Roll-In) .................................................... 36

3.6 Rangkai Penggerak Arm (Roll-Out) ................................................. 37

3.7 Rangkai Penggerak Bucket (Roll-In) ................................................ 38

3.8 Rangkai Penggerak Bucket (Roll-Out).............................................. 39

BAB IV PERAWATAN HYDRAULIC SISTEM

4.1Pemeriksaan Permukaan Oil Hydraulic ............................................. 41

4.2 Drain Kotoran dari Hydraulic Tank .................................................. 43

4.3 Change Hydraulic Oil ....................................................................... 44

4.4 Suction Filter Cleaning ..................................................................... 45

4.5 Replace Hydraulic Tank Oil Filter .................................................... 48

4.6 Replace Pilot Oil Filter ..................................................................... 49

4.7 Check Hoses And Lines ................................................................... 50

BAB V PENUTUP

5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 54

5.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................

LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Excavator EX200 ......................................................................... 4

Gambar 2.2 Alat Tekanan Gauge ..................................................................... 6

Gambar 2.3 Diagram Alir Fluida ..................................................................... 7

Gambar 2.4 Hydraulic Tank Limited ............................................................... 8

Gambar 2.5 Hydraulic Tank Unlimited ........................................................... 9

Gambar 2.6 Hydraulic Tank Unpressurized..................................................... 9

Gambar 2.7 Oil Cooler ..................................................................................... 10

Gambar 2.8 Skema Pengelompokan Pompa .................................................... 11

Gambar 2.9 Pompa Pindah Non Positive ......................................................... 12

Gambar 2.10 Internal Gear Pump .................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.11 Prinsip Kerja Roda Gigi Internal ................................................ 13

Gambar 2.12 Pompa Roda Gigi External ......................................................... 14

Gambar 2.13 In Line Axial Piston Pump Variable Displacement ................... 15

Gambar 2.14 In Line Piston Pump Fixed Displacement .................................. 16

Gambar 2.15 Bent Axis Axial Piston Pump .................................................... 16

Gambar 2.16 Radial Piston Pump Roating Cam .............................................. 17

Gambar 2.17 Radial Piston Pump Roating Pump ............................................ 17

Gambar 2.18 Balance Vane Pump ................................................................... 18

Gambar 2.19 Unbalance Vane Pump ............................................................... 19

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Gambar 2.20 Hydraulic Control Valve Tipe Poppet ........................................ 20

Gambar 2.21 Hydraulic Control Valve Tipe Piston ......................................... 21

Gambar 2.22 Hydraulic Control Valve Tipe Pilot ........................................... 21

Gambar 2.23 Hydraulic control valve tipe throttle valve ................................. 22

Gambar 2.24 Hydraulic control valve tipe suction valve ................................. 23

Gambar 2.25 Hydraulic control valve tipe flow reduce valve ......................... 23

Gambar 2.26 Hydraulic control valve tipe flow divider valve ............................. 24

Gambar 2.27 Hydraulic control valve tipe demand valve................................ 24

Gambar 2.28 Hydraulic control valve tipe quick drop valve ............................... 25

Gambar 2.29 Hydraulic control valve tipe series valve circuit ............................ 25

Gambar 2.30 Hydraulic control valve tipe parallel valve circuit ......................... 26

Gambar 2.31 Hydraulic control valve tipe tandem valve circuit ......................... 26

Gambar 2.32 Skema silinder hidrolik ...................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.33 Single Acting ....................................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.34 Double acting ............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.35 Hydraulic Oil Filter .................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.36 Penyaringan surface filter .................................................................. 29

Gambar 3.1 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Swing Motor ................................................... 32

Gambar 3.2 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Travel Motor ................................................. 33

Gambar 3.3 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Boom Raise ..................................................... 34

Gambar 3.4 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Boom Down .................................................... 35

Gambar 3.5 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Arm In ............................................................. 36

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Gambar 3.6 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Arm Out ........................................................ 37

Gambar 3.7 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Bucket Roll In ................................................. 38

Gambar 3.8 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Bucket Roll Out ............................................ 39

Gambar 4.1 Level Oil ................................................................................................. 43

Gambar 4.2 Drain Plug ............................................................................................... 44

Gambar 4.3 Komponen Hydraulic Tank .......................................................... 45

Gambar 4.4 Suction Folter ............................................................................... 46

Gambar 4.5 PembuanganUdara ....................................................................... 47

Gambar 4.6 Filter Tangki Hidrolik .................................................................. 48

Gambar 4.7 Oil Filter ....................................................................................... 49

Gambar 4.8 Kebocoran Hose ........................................................................... 50

Gambar 4.9 Keretakan Cover Dan Hose End .................................................. 51

Gambar 4.10 Hose Penguatan Yang Terbuka Dan Lepuh ............................... 51

Gambar 4.11 Hose Mengalami Bengkok ......................................................... 52

Gambar 4.12 Hose And Fitting ........................................................................ 52

Gambar 4.13 Lines ........................................................................................... 53

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DAFTAR TABEL

Gambar 4.1 Tabel Prosedur Perawatan Hydraulic Sistem .................................. 41

Gambar 4.2 Tabel Nama Merek Oli Hidrolik Yang Dianjurkan ................................ 42