TextTypes

A. Pendahuluan

Sebagaimana yang sudah kita ketahui bersama bahwa pembelajaran bahasa Inggris untuk SMA di Indonesia, sejak Standar Isi diberlakukan, menggunakan pendekatan berbasis jenis teks (Genre Based Approach). Pendekatan ini menuntut guru bahasa Inggris SMA untuk belajar kembali tentang berbagai jenis teks yang akan diajarkan. Halaman ini berisi rangkuman berbagai materi mengenai jenis-jenis teks; tujuan komunikasi, struktur dan ciri-ciri kebahasaannya. Materi kami ambil dari berbagai sumber.

B. Categories of Text Types

Literary Text Factual Text

Narrative

Literary Recount

Observation

Literary description

Personal Response

Review

Factual description

Information report

Procedure

Procedural recount

Factual recount

Explanation

Exposition

Discussion

C. Description of Factual Text Types

Text Type Purpose Features

Factual Description

Describe living, nonliving or natural phenonema(Describes something or someone)

Introductory paragraph about subjectSeries of paragraphs describing different aspects of subjectOptional concluding paragraphe.g. Texts in information books

Information Report

Classify and describe general classes of

Opening general definition or classification

phenonema(Describes a class of things)

Sequence of related statements about topicConcluding statemente.g. text books

Procedure To instruct how things are done through a series of steps(Tells how to do something)

Opening statement of goal or aimMaterials required are listed in order of useSeries of steps listed in chronological order eg recipe

Procedural Recount

Record steps taken to achieve a goal or outcome(Tells how something was achieved)

How things were madeTo recount in sequential order the steps taken to achieve a particular goal/outcome after doing a procedure.e.g scientific experiment

Factual Recount Retell a series of events in the order they occurred(Tells what happened)

Orientation – background information about who, where and whenSeries of events in chronological orderA personal commente.g. Historical report

Explanation To explain scientifically how technologically and why natural phenomena came into being(Explains how things happen and why they are as they are)

A general statementSeries of paragraphs explaining how or whySeries of events in chronological orderConcluding statement

Exposition To argue a case for or against a point of view about an an issue(Argues a point of view)

Point of view is statedJustifications of arguments presented in logical orderSumming up of argument and

reinforcement of point of view

Discussion To present issues for more than one perspective and make recommendations based on evidence(Discusses different points of view and makes a judgement)

statement of the issue and a preview of the main pointsarguments for and supporting evidencearguments against and supporting evidence (alternatively argument/counter argument a point at a time)recommendation – summary and conclusion

Sumber: Senior Resource Centre

Text Types Social Purpose Structure Grammatical Features

Report To give generalised information about an entire class of things.

General Statement

Description:

Use of general nouns, relating verbs

Use of adjectives: quantity, factual; and classifying

Repeated naming of the topic as theme

Adverbials: place and manner

Present/ simple tense

Exposition Persuasive texts that argue a care for or against a particular point of view.

Background

Series of Argument

Reinforcement of Position

Nominalisation

Technical nouns

Sensing verbs

Varying degrees of modality and textual theme

Recount Record the steps taken to carry out an investigation.,

Aim

Record of Events

Use of particular nouns

Action verbs

References and expressions

Results to time

Expression of cause and effect

Explanation To explain scientifically how technological and natural phenomena come into being.

Identification

Explanation sequence.

Nouns: General, abstract, technical, non human

Adjectival: factual and classifying

Action verbs

Time and casual conjunctions

Passive voice and nominalisation

Procedure Tell hot to do or make something by giving a sequence of steps to follow.

Goal of activity

Materials

Steps

Action verbs

Connectives

Adverbials

Dependent clauses