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  • Data Mentor Nama : Andu Hanindyo

    Posisi Terakhir : Drive Test dan IBS Engineer

    Spesialis : In Building Solution, Drive Test

    Pengalaman Kerja : - 2002-2006 : Drive test engineer untuk Indosat,

    Telkomsel

    - 2005-2006 : IBS Engineer untuk Telkomsel, site audit

  • TEMS = Test Mobile System

    Product by ERICSSON

    Solution Tools for Wireless Network to Plan, optimized,

    and expand their systems.

    A Test tool use to read and control information sent over the air

    Interface between the base station and the mobile station in GSM

    /cellular system. It can also used for radio coverage measurement

    Introduction

    WHATS TEMS

  • Introduction

    WHATS TEMS

    Product of TEMS

    TEMS Transmitter TEMS Light TEMS Indoor TEMS Investigation TEMS Deskcat TEMS Drive Tester TEMS Pocket

    TEMS Automatic

    TEMS CellPlanner TEMS LinkPlanner

    TEMS Automatic TEMS CellSight TEMS Visualization

  • Introduction

    WHATS TEMS

  • TEMS TEMS INVESTIGATION

    Introduction

    WHATS TEMS

    Software

    Handset

  • Introduction

    WHATS TEMS

    TEMS Investigation version:

    TEMS Classic/98 : SH888; post process with 3rd-party-s/w TEMS 2 : R230; post process with 3rd-party-s/w TEMS 3 : R520; post process with 3rd-party-s/w TEMS 4 : T68; export from TEMS TEMS 5 : T610; export from TEMS TEMS 6 : various handset; data collection & route analysis TEMS 7 : various handset; data collection & route analysis

  • As Drive Test Tools

    DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

    Drive Test = Testing the network in particular area

    to give the real picture of the networks performance on the field, with a certain tools.

    Drive Test Planning

    Implementation

    Optimization

    Michael pipikakis

    Evaluating and Improving

    The Quality of Service of

    Second Generation Cellular

    System

    September,2004

  • Drive test TEMS

    As Drive Test Tools

    DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

  • As Drive Test Tools

    DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

    Drive Test Equipments

    Laptop

    TEMS

    Handset

    Notes :

    -power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and MS

    -GPS should use external antenna

    -MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna.

    (Use external antenna means measure RxLevel Pedestrian / Street Level)

    (Not use external antenna means measure RxLevel In car level) -> more realistic result

    If using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen and stable

    during drive test

  • As Drive Test Tools

    MODE OF DRIVE TEST

    1. Dedicated / Continuous / Long Call Mode

    Making continuous call along drive test activity.

    Before starting the route, call the drive test number, ex. 199 for Telkomsel,

    And only stop the call when the route (drive test) finish.

    To see the quality and coverage of the network

  • As Drive Test Tools

    MODE OF DRIVE TEST

    2. Idle Mode

    Along the drive test activity, the MS is ON but no call occur

    To see the coverage of the network

  • As Drive Test Tools

    MODE OF DRIVE TEST

    3. Sequential / Qos / Short Call Mode

    Creating the sequence of call along the drive test activity

    Before starting the route create call sequence, for example:

    Create call for 70 s and idle for 10 s.

    Along the drive test, play this sequence until the route is finished

    To see the real network performance run, when people call

  • As Drive Test Tools

    SCAN

    one of TEMS feature scan all or selected frequencies on the selected spot or route to find the clearest frequency

    Clean

    Frequency

    Application of frequency plan

    to find the best frequency to be use in the site to identify interference adjacent channel and co channel

  • To See How the Network Runs

    THE USE

    In PLANNING works:

    Drive Test Before Installation Perform drive test before our network implemented. This data later will be compared with drive test after implementation,

    to justify.

    Drive Test Before SWAP Before swap (change operator network), drive testing needed to compare the current network with the network after swap.

    To justify the new network is better than before.

    Drive Test Benchmarking Drive test the whole area for the whole active networks, before our network implemented. So when our network implemented, can be competed well.

    etc

  • To See How the Network Runs

    THE USE

    In Implementation Works:

    Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive Test Initiate the drive test after a site on-air. Make sure that site perform well after on-air.

    Test Call New Site Conducting tests call at a new On-Air site, to justify the performance of a site just after On-Air.

    Drive Test Upgrade/Expand TRX After implement new TRX or expand TRX, a drive test performed to justify that site working well with the new TRX.

    Drive Test SFH/Hopping implementation After implement SFH/hopping in the network, a drive test performed to justify that this hopping solution working well with the whole

    network.

    etc

  • To See How the Network Runs

    THE USE

    In Optimization works:

    Drive Test Handover/ Add & Delete neighbors Drive test conducted after theres changing in neighbours database. Make sure the add really added and the delete really deleted.

    Drive Test before & after Downtilt Downtilt conducting, to get better coverage from each antenna. Drive test performed to make sure the better coverage from each angle

    changed.

    Drive Test Network Audit Performing drive test activity to maintain the whole network. Could be an annual work.

    Drive Test Benchmark performing drive test to get justification about our network. Can compete or not. With comparing the whole network including 'us in drive test.

    Drive Test troubleshooting Drive test for special troubleshooting case. Such as, a site that cannot handover from sites surround it, a site that cannot transmit good

    signal and cannot achieve its coverage.

    etc,

  • How TEMS works?

    Several measurement is only available and recorded in idle mode (C1,C2 etc)

    Several measurement is only available and recorded in dedicated mode (RxQual, SQI, FER etc)

    This is happen because of GSM system network works, not because setting in TEMS

    There are several option/feature can be activated by user (force handover, lock handover etc)

    which change TEMS measurement behavior

    IMPORTANT NOTICE :

    In GSM network there are a lot of parameters which change the network behavior, it is make the

    network very flexible.

    Due to this reason, TEMS has ability to monitor network with parameters on (FULL mode) and

    with parameters off (SUB mode) for such as RxLev and RxQual.

  • When using FULL measurement result? Whenever we want to see BTS parameters settings works at live network

    DTX off

    When using SUB measurement result ? Whenever we want to see BTS works without parameters

    DTX on

    How TEMS measure FULL or SUB measurement? TEMS record both SUB and FULL measurement at the same time and at the same log files, it is

    just need to set what we wan to see in replay mode.

    FULL

    SUB

    LOG FILE

  • To See How the Network Runs

    WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE

    Parameters to See

    1. RxLevel

    Level of Received signal strength. In dBm or Steps. If the value in form of step substract 110 to

    the value to get dBm value.

    RxLevel is received power level at MS (maximum RxLevel measured by MS is () 40 dBm

  • 2. RxQual

    Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate).

    The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.

    Better

  • 3. SQI

    The parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality.

    SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure.

    SQI computation considers the factors:

    the bit error rate (BER) the frame erasure rate (FER) data on handover events statistics on the distribution of these parameters

    Better

  • 4. Others

    FER Frame erasure rate

    BCCH-BSIC

    Hopping SFH

    C/I Interference

    TA Time Advance

    C1 Path loss criterion parameter

    C2 Cell reselection criterion parameter in hierarchical cell structure

    To See How the Network Runs

    WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE

  • 4. Others

    FER Frame erasure rate; See on Radio Parameter windows

    ARFCN BCCH-BSIC Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of Broadcast Control Channel. Base Station Identity Code Important data of a site

    Hopping Indicating if SFH implemented. See on Current Channel windows, on hopping channel, hopping frequencies, MAIO, HSN

    C/I The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between the signal strength of the current serving cell and the signal strength of undesired (interfering) signal components. The C/I measurement

    function built into TEMS Investigation enables the identification of frequencies that are exposed to

    particularly high levels of interference, something which comes in useful in the verification and

    optimization of frequency plans.

    TA Timing Advance. Valid only in dedicated mode. ; To measure the distance of MS from serving cell. Valid only in dedicated mode. See on Radio Parameter windows.

    C1 criteria used for cell selection and cell reselection

    C2 criteria used for cell reselection

  • To See How the Network Runs

    CASES

    The examples of How Drive Test can see a Network runs.

  • To See How the Network Runs

    CASES

    1. BTS Down

    Get in to the site (whether its new or existing), then see on TEMS display, At parameters BCCH, BSIC. If the intended sites BCCH doesnt appear, the site is Down

    If we dont have the site data. We can go the exact position of the site, near/under the antenna. Then see if on the serving cell, the Rxlev is good ( above -60 dBm)

  • To See How the Network Runs

    CASES

    2. Handover

    We need to check the handover between sector1 of Site A to sector3 of Site B.

    We start at the Site A. Check the parameters on TEMS. Make sure the serving cell now

    Is from the sector1 of site A. See the neighbour, if the sector3 of site B appear.

    Start the drive test, with dedicated mode, to site B sector3 (specified the route first).

    The handover should be occur along this drive test. If its not, note this as a problem. See any possibility of the problem, such as:

    the neighbour not appear, possibility havent been created theres other site between theres obstacle Then do the opposite, start from sector3 Site B to sector1 Site A.

  • To See How the Network Runs

    CASES

    3. Swap Feeder

    Theres a possibility that we have bad installation, for example swap feeder. Swap feeder occur when the installation switch by mistake, for example the feeder to sector1

    Became to sector 2, from BTS.

    We can see this from drive test.

    For example, we have a site with 2 sectors, with a road in front it, to be covered.

    We should have the data of this site, such as the BCCH of each sectors.

    We start the drive test from sector 1 to sector 2. While were on sector1 coverage, see if the BCCH of serving cell is the correct one, according to the data we have.

    And do the opposite from sector 2 coverage to sector1

    sect1

    sect2

  • To See How the Network Runs

    CASES

    4. Overshoot

    When we get the signal from the site that not close to the current area drive test.

    Usually we get bad RxQual and long/bigger TA.

    We can suspect this as a overshoot case. This case happen when a site/cell is serving far

    away from its area.

  • Guidelines

    Drive Test Types

    1. Drive Test Continuous Route

    Drive Test is walk/ drive along the route non stop

    2. Hot Spots Measurement

    Drive Test only at certain spot (usually critical point), TEMS standing still, no movement for 1-5

    minutes but still recording.

    Usually for scanning frequency or to investigate more detailed network behaviour

  • Guidelines

    Drive Test Guideline

    1. Preparation

    Dont go to the field without a good preparation. Prepare the tools completeness, maps, cars, scenarios, sites data, knowing area we are heading to.

    2. Check Tools

    Beside checking the tools completeness. Also check each tools if its working well, such as the GPS, inverter, handset, including SIM card.

    3. Some Rules

    - Avoid to have the same route twice, or go on the same road twice.

    - Beware of certain area, such as restricted area, one way street, traffic jam streets.

    - Create simple/effective way of scenarios, where to start until finishing the route.

    - Good cooperation with driver.

    - Make sure the roads on the route, can represent the whole network as samples.

    4. Pay Attention

    Even if were only collecting data, we must focus on our activity. Avoid the things that can make us re-drive test , such as, data cable unplugged from its MS, forget to turn-off the GPRS

    mode when we dont need GPRS to measure, run out GPS batteries, forget to record, forget the purpose of the drive test, assure the data collected is right, pay attention of car speed,

    create notes for special events, etc.

    5. Reporting and Analysis

    TEMS can divided as two, data collection and analysis. After drive test on the field, we must

    provide data to be analyze and reported. Make sure we can create a good report and analyze

    well, by performing all of the points above.

  • Plot

    Reporting Guidelines

    1. Drive test report basically can be divided as two: Plot and Statistic.

    BCCH: 59

    logfile floor RxLevel Average % RxQual Data

    = 0

    BRI1 1 -65.12706271 93%

    BRI2 2 -58.26292629 98%

    BRI3 3 -57.53480663 87%

    Guidelines

    Statistics

  • 2. Before we can create the report, make sure we have the right standard for each value

    reported. Such as how many ranges the treshold of RxLevel, and RxQual. The color

    ranges of SQI and FER, etc.

    3. Export the right data for Plotting. To create Plot report, for example we need the logfile to be mapinfo files. Make sure we have TEMS 4 above, that can directly export the

    logfile into mapinfo file. Or, if we have TEMS 3 below, make sure we have third-party

    software that can create it, such as GIMS.

  • 4. For statistic report, usually we only need the excel file and some of mapinfo data.

    Each version of TEMS investigation can export the logfile into text file, *.fmt. This

    format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.

    5. Following the standard report of the customers.

    Ms

    id TIME FRAME POSITION MESSAGE TYPE HEXADECIMAL STRING

    LAT LON

    MS1 15:41.7 2609056 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0314 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1 0F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 A2 DB CC 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

    MS1 15:43.1 2609362 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0318 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1 0F 0F 15 06 21 00 01 F0 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

    MS1 15:44.5 2609668 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0319 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 3 0F 0F 4D 06 24 00 30 C3 AC 76 30 C2 33 8E 30 C3 0F AF 30 C3 16 3E 83 2B 2B

    MS1 15:45.9 2609975 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0322 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1 0F 0F 41 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C3 9B 1A 17 05 F4 30 C3 AD 45 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

    MS1 15:46.1 2610013 S 0000.0239 E 00000.0322 IDLE MODE REPORT 0E CF E2 00 0C D0 56 10 4D DA 0F CB D7 10 09 DA 0E 88 00 0F 46 80

    MS1 15:47.3 2610281 S 0000.0239 E 00000.0327 PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1 0F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C2 D0 1B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

  • Layer 3 Messages

    -To Monitor the event and signaling sent and received by Phone

    - List Messages of event and signaling

    -Often use in analysis, after Drive Test

    completed

    -Replay the logfile, click a point on the

    route marker on map window,

    then see on layer 3 messages windows,

    detailed information on the

    associated messages appears in this window

    -Can double-click each list message from

    that window to open a new window

    displaying the full contents of the message.

  • Scanning Function inside TEMS

    TEMS Investigation supports scanning of radio frequency carriers (channels),

    using either a ordinary TEMS mobile station or a dedicated frequency scanner mobile,

    the TEMS Scanner.

    Scanning is handled from the Frequency Scanner window, and here the output of

    the scan is displayed, too

  • BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level (dBm)

    51 35 -104

    52 - -115

    53 26 -110

    54 - -114

    55 - -105

    56 - -115

    57 26 -111

    58 - -114

    59 - -115

    60 - -115

    61 - -111

    62 - -113

    63 - -115

    64 - -115

    65 - -115

    66 15 -110

    67 - -114

    68 - -114

    69 - -114

    70 - -114

    Scanning Function inside TEMS

  • Scanning Function inside TEMS

    Procedure:

    Selecting Channels

    In the Frequency Scanner window, choose the unit to use as scanner in the

    combo box.

    Click the Measurement Settings button.

    The channel selection is handled from the Scanned channels tab:

    Checking "Decode BSIC" causes the Base Station

    Identity Code to be decoded. It will be shown in the

    table to the right in the Frequency Scanner window

  • Performing Scan

    Presenting Scan

    Scanning Function inside TEMS

    To start scanning, click the Start Scanning button.

    While the scanning is going on, the status bar shows the padlock symbol , indicating that the scanner is busy.

    To stop scanning, click the Stop Scanning button.

    Bar Chart Line Chart Table

  • After Process / Report

    Scanning Function inside TEMS

    Plot

    Spreedsheet

    Directly capture Export to Mapinfo

    Export to text (.fmt), open and process with Excel spreedsheet

    BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level

    (dBm)

    51 35 -104

    52 - -115

    53 26 -110

    54 - -114

    55 - -105

    56 - -115

    57 26 -111

    58 - -114

    59 - -115

    60 - -115

    61 - -111

    62 - -113

    63 - -115

    64 - -115

    65 - -115

    66 15 -110

    67 - -114

    68 - -114

    69 - -114

    70 - -114

  • Life time MS measurement equipment maximum 1 year, if more than 1 year need to be re-calibrate

    Calibration MSs cost almost the same price buy a new one Ericsson only support 2 version below for re-calibrate (eq : latest version is TEMS 7.0, means only

    can re-calibrate handset at version 5)

    If MS not calibrated or buy a new one, it will impact into the measurement (such as RxLevel and RxQual) will reduced and not valid => KPI will not achived

    TEMS always have bugs (even latest version) both coming from software or from type MS itself, need knowledge to anticipated it (such as wrong RxLevel recorded)

    HINTS for MS:

  • PC which use for TEMS should turn off any usage of

    COM, IR, bluetooth, Wi-Fi,

    any accessories attached at

    PC should be turn off, set PC

    into Maximum Performance at Control Panel-System

    Slow PC, low memory, low HD capacity will make MS

    disconnected suddenly when

    TEMS use for a long time,

    same things happened if the

    battery of PC/laptop is too hot

    Turn off power saving feature in the laptop/PC

    Turn off screen saver

    It would be better drive test laptop is only for do drive test

    not for daily routine

    HINTS for PC/Laptop:

  • Make sure all connections cable at TEMS system is tight, as well external antenna For indoor drive test, MS position is very crucial because some MS location can increase body

    loss or other losses (such as MS put behind laptop or put MS near body)

    Avoid doing drive test at busy hour especially will increase loss (eq : a lot of people in the mall will increase body loss, a lot of car in the basement, traffic jam)

    For 3G drive test, more user using 3G will reduce quality, do drive test at low traffic is essential

    Drive test indoor need constant speed walk test (idle mode slower than dedicated mode) Drive test outdoor should be constant and not to fast ( max 40 km/h inner city and max 60 km/h

    outer city)

    Drive test recorded more than once at the same route (if possible) because it always given result slightly different. Take the best one as a report

    Result Drive Test route for outdoor drive test should be ignored when drive test route inside tunnel, on top of fly over road, below fly over road, bridge. Pay attention that GPS cant work well if no LOS into the sky

    HINTS for Drive Test:

  • Reference

    Ericsson.com/tems Michael Pipikakis, Evaluating and Improving The Quality of Service of Second

    Generation Cellular System, September,2004

    TEMS Investigation 4.0 Manual TEMS Investigation 2.03 Manual TEMS Investigation 7.0 Product Description