Tafsir ibn Kathir - 045 Jathiyah

8/14/2019 Tafsir ibn Kathir - 045 Jathiyah

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Revealed in Makkah

ا ـا ا In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most

Merciful.

ـ 45:1 Ha Mim.

ا یا ا م با ی 45:2 The revelation of the Book is from Allah, theAlmighty, the All-Wise.

م ـی ض ن اـت وار إ45:3 Verily, in the heavens and the earth are signsfor the believers.

ن ی م ـیاء د م ی م و و45:4 And in your creation, and what He spread(through the earth) of moving creatures are signsfor people who have faith with certainty.



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م ءا م ا لنأ مو راو ا ـاو ا یو م ض یح رزق ار

ن ی م ـیاء45:5 And in the alternation of night and day, andthe provision that Allah sends down from the sky,and revives therewith the earth after its death, andin the turning about of the winds, are signs for a

people who understand.

A Directive to contemplate over Allah's Ayat

Allah says,

١

Ha Mim.

ا یا ا م با ی ٢

The revelation of the Book is from Allah, the Almighty,

the All-Wise.

او تاوا ن ض یت مإ ٣ر

Verily, in the heavens and the earth are signs for thebelievers.

و ن ی م تی اد م ی مو ٤

And in your creation, and what He spread (through theearth) of moving creatures are signs for people whohave faith with certainty.

راو ا فاو قزر م ءا م ا لنأ مو ...

And in the alternation of night and day, and the provisionthat Allah sends down from the sky,

Allah directs His servants to contemplate His

favors and gifts, as well as His great power that isdemonstrated by His creating the heavens and



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the earth and the various types and categories of creatures in them. There are the angels, Jinns,humans, animals, birds, beasts, carnivores,insects and various kinds of sea creatures.

The night and day alternate, each follows theother in succession, never ceasing to come, asdecreed. One brings darkness and one bringslight. Allah the Exalted also sends down the rainfrom the clouds when it is most needed. He iscalling the rain, `provision', because it is theresource that produces various provisions,

...م ضر ا ...

and revives therewith the earth after its death,after it was dry and had no vegetation or life of any kind.

Allah said next,

...حیا یو ...

and in the turning about of the winds,

sometimes towards the south and sometimestowards the north. Some are easterly winds andsome are westerly winds, some bringing seabreezes and some blow from the land, somecoming at night and some by day. Some windsbring rain, some cause pollination and somewinds just revive the soul, while some others bearno benefit.

...ن ی م تی٥

are signs for a people who understand.

Allah said first ت م (are signs for the

believers),

then ن (who have faith with certainty),

then ن (who understand),



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thus ascending from one honorable stage to whatis more honorable and higher in grade.

These Ayat are similar to an Ayah in Surah Al-Baqarah,

ا ـاو ض ت وار ـا ن إسا ی ا ى ا او راو

م م ءا م ا لنأ مو ض ار ء ـیا ی و د آ م و م م ـی ض وار ءا ا باو

ن ی

Verily, in the creation of the heavens and

the earth, and in the alternation of nightand day, and the ships which sail throughthe sea with that which is of use tomankind, and the water which Allah sendsdown from the sky and makes the earthalive therewith after its death, and themoving creatures of all kinds that He hasspread therein, and in the veering of windsand clouds which are held between the sky

and the earth, are indeed signs for peopleof understanding. (2:164)

هن ا ـیاء 45:6 These are the Ayat of Allah, which We recite toyou with truth.

ن می ـیاءو ا ی ى Then in which speech after Allah and His Ayat willthey believe?

یو أ كأ 45:7 Woe to every sinful liar.



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ن آ ام ی ا ـیاء ی ی

45:8 Who hears the Ayat of Allah Tutla (recited) tohim, yet persists with pride as if he heard them not.

أ با So announce to him a painful torment!

ـوأ اوه ها ش ـ ءای وإذا مم با

45:9 And when he learns something of Our Ayat, hemakes them a jest. For such there will be ahumiliating torment.

ج ئرو م 45:10 In front of them there is Hell.

نو و م اوا م د م آا ش ی و با و ءوأ ا

And that which they have earned will be of no profitto them, nor those whom they have taken asprotective friends besides Allah. And theirs will be agreat torment.

هـا هى45:11 This is guidance.

أ جر م با ر ـیـ اوآ یاو And those who disbelieve in the Ayat of their Lord,for them there is a painful torment of Rijz.



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The Description of the Sinful Liar and His Requital

Allah the Exalted says,

ا تی ...

These are the Ayat of Allah --

in reference to the Qur'an with the proofs andevidences that it contains,

... هن ...

which We recite to you with truth.

for they contain the truth from the Truth (i.e.,

Allah).

...ن م ٦ي ی ا وی ی

Then in which speech after Allah and His Ayat will theybelieve?

Therefore, if they do not believe in Allah's Ayat nor abide by them, what speech after Allah and

His Ayat will they then believe in?

Allah said next,

أ كأ یو ٧

Woe to every sinful liar.

who lies in his speech, often swears, who isworthless, commits and utters sinful acts andstatements, and disbelieves in Allah's Ayat,

ا تی ی ...

Who hears the Ayat of Allah Tutla (recited) to him,

meaning, being recited to him,

... ی ما...

yet persists with pride,



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i.e. in his disbelief, denial, pride and rebellion,

...ی ن آ ...

as if he heard them not.

i.e. as if he did not hear them being recited to

him,

...أ با ٨

So announce to him a painful torment!

i.e. convey the news to him that on the Day of Resurrection, he will have a painful, severetorment from Allah.

Allah said,

ا ...ه هوا وإذا م ی شAnd when he learns something of Our Ayat, he makesthem a jest.

i.e. if he learns anything from the Qur'an, hedisbelieves in it and takes it as the subject of jest

and ridicule,

...م با وأ٩

For such there will be a humiliating torment.

i.e. as recompense for ridiculing the Qur'an and jesting about it.

In the Sahih, Muslim recorded from Abdullah bin Umar

that;the Messenger of Allah prohibited traveling withthe Qur'an to enemy lands for fear that theQur'an might be desecrated by the enemy.

Allah explained the type of torment that these people earn onthe Day of Return;

ج ئارو م ...

In front of them there is Hell.



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meaning, all those who have these evilcharacteristics will end up in Hellfire on the Day of Resurrection,

...ش اآ م ی و ...

And that which they have earned will be of no profit tothem,

i.e. their wealth and children will not avail them,

ون ا أوء... ... و م اوا م د

nor those whom they have taken as protecting friendsbesides Allah.

i.e. nor will the false gods that they worshippedbesides Allah benefit them in the least,

... با و ١٠

And theirs will be a great torment.

Allah the Exalted said,

...ها هى

This is Huda (guidance). (in reference to the Qur'an),

...ر تی اوآ یاو أ جر م با ١١

And those who disbelieve in the Ayat of their Lord, forthem there is a painful torment of Rijz.

that is agonizing and severe. Allah knows best.

ا ى ا س ىا ام نو و م ا و

45:12 Allah, it is He Who has subjected to you thesea, that ships may sail through it by His command,and that you may seek of His bounty, and that youmay be thankful.



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سو ج ض م اـت وم ارم

45:13 And has subjected to you all that is in theheavens and all that is on the earth; it is all (as a

favor and kindness) from Him.

نو ی م ـی ذ ن إVerily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply.

ا میأ ن ی ءاما یوا ی یج

ن ی انآ م ى 45:14 Say to the believers to forgive those whohope not for the Days of Allah, that He mayrecompense people, according to what they haveearned.

ءسأ مو ـص م 45:15 Whosoever does a good deed, it is forhimself, and whosoever does evil, it is against(himself).

ر إ ن ج Then to your Lord you will be made to return.

The Subjugation of the Sea, etc., is among Allah's Signs


ا س يا ا...

Allah, it is He Who has subjected to you the sea,

Allah the Exalted mentions some of the favors He

gave to His servants, such as subjecting the seafor their service,



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...م ا ي ...

that ships may sail through the sea by His command,

i.e., of Allah the Exalted, Who ordered the sea tocarry ships,

... م او ...

and that you may seek of His bounty,

i.e. in commercial and business transactions,

...نو و ١٢

and that you may be thankful.

i.e. for earning various provisions brought to youfrom far away provinces and distant areasthrough the sea.


ض ... وس م اوات وم ار

And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens andall that is on the earth;

i.e. the stars, the mountains, the seas, the riversand all that you use for your benefit; these are allfrom His favor, kindness and bounty.

Allah's statement next,

...م ج ...it is all from Him.

i.e. Alone without partners in giving any of it.

Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

نو ـ ا م اذإ ا ن م مو

And whatever of blessings you have, it is from

Allah. Then, when harm touches you unto Himyou cry aloud for help. (16:53)



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Ibn Jarir recorded that Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn Abbas

said about Allah's statement, و تاوا و ضرا (And has subjected to you all that is in

the heavens and all that is on the earth; it is all fromHim.)

"Everything is from Allah, and that is a Namefrom His Names. So it all comes from Him withoutrivals to dispute His authority; surely, this fact iscompletely certain.''

Allah said.

...نو ی م تی ذ ن ١٣إ

Verily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply.

The Command to be Patient with the Harm of Idolators

Allah's saying;

ا میأ ن ... ی ما یوا ی یج

Say to the believers to forgive those who hope not for

the Days of Allah,means, let the believers forgive the disbelieversand endure the harm that they direct againstthem.

In the beginning of Islam, Muslims were orderedto observe patience in the face of the oppressionof the idolators and the People of the Scripturesso that their hearts may incline towards Islam.However, when the disbelievers persisted instubbornness, Allah legislated for the believers tofight in Jihad.

Statements of this meaning were collected fromAbdullah bin Abbas and Qatadah.

Mujahid said about Allah's statement, ا مأ ن (those who hope not for the Days of Allah),



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"They do not appreciate Allah's favors.''

Allah said,

...ن ی انآ م ي ١٤

that He may recompense people, according to what they

have earned.

meaning, if the believers forgive the disbelieversin this life, Allah will still punish the disbelieversfor their evil in the Hereafter.

Allah's statement next,

ن ج ر إ ءسأ مو ص م ١٥

Whosoever does a good deed, it is for himself, andwhosoever does evil, it is against (himself). Then to yourLord you will be made to return.

meaning, you will all return to Allah on the Day of Resurrection, when you and your actions will bedisplayed before Him. Then, He will recompenseyou for your deeds, good for good and evil for

evil.

ةاو او ـا یءسإ اء و ـا ـو ـا م ـ ورز

45:16 And indeed We gave the Children of Israel

the Scripture, and the understanding of theScripture and its laws, and the Prophethood; andprovided them with good things, and preferredthem above the nations.

ما م ـ ـاءو 45:17 And gave them clear proofs in matters.



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ا هءج م م إ اا And they differed not until after the knowledgecame to them, through envy among themselves.

انآ ـا می ی ر ن إن ی

Verily, your Lord will judge between them on theDay of Resurrection about that wherein they usedto differ.

و ما م یش ـج ن ی یا ءهأ45:18 Then We have put you on a (legal) way of commandment. So follow you that, and follow notthe desires of those who know not.

ش ا م ای نإ

45:19 Verily, they can avail you nothing againstAllah.

ا و او ءوأ ـا ن وإVerily, the wrongdoers are protecting friends of oneanother, but Allah is the Protector of those whohave Taqwa.

ن ی م رو ىهو س ـ اـه45:20 This is a clear insight and evidence formankind, and a guidance and a mercy for people

who have faith with certainty.



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Preference of Allah to the Children of Israel and their dispute

thereafter

Allah the Exalted mentions the favors He granted the Childrenof Israel, such as revealing the Divine Books to them, sendingthe Messengers to them and granting them kingship.

Allah said,

ةاو او با ئاسإ و تا م هزرو ...

And indeed We gave the Children of Israel the Scripture,and the understanding of the Scripture and its laws, andthe Prophethood; and provided them with good things,

such as foods and drinks,

...ا هو ١٦

and preferred them above the nations. (of their time),

ما م ت هو ...

And gave them clear proofs in matters.

i.e. `We gave them evidences, proofs andunequivocal signs.'

... ا هءج م م إ اا ...And they differed not until after the knowledge came tothem, through envy among themselves.

Therefore, the proof has been established againstthem, yet they differed among themselves after

the proof came to them, out of transgressionagainst each other,

...ر ن ...إ

Verily, your Lord (`O Muhammad'),

... انآ ما می ی ن ی ١٧

will judge between them on the Day of Resurrectionabout that wherein they used to differ.



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He will judge between them by His just judgement.

Warning to this Ummah against following the Ways of the

Children of Israel

This Ayah contains a warning to the Muslim Ummah as well. Itwarns them not to take the path the Jews took nor adopt theirways. This is why Allah said,

ما م یش كج ...

Then We have put you on a (legal) way of commandment. So follow you that.

`follow what was revealed to you from your Lord,O Muhammad, there is no true deity except Him,and turn away from the idolators.'

Allah said,

...ن ی یا ءاهأ و ١٨

ای نإ ءوأ ا ن وإ ... م ا ش

and follow not the desires of those who know not.

Verily, they can avail you nothing against Allah. Verily,the wrongdoers are protecting friends of one another,

Allah says, `what will the loyalty that theidolators give each other avail them?' Indeed, allthey will earn from their protecting friends ismore loss, destruction and demise,

...ا و او ١٩

but Allah is the Protector of those who have Taqwa.

and He will deliver them from the darkness to thelight. In contrast, all the false deities are theprotecting friends of those who disbelieve, takingthem out of the light to the darkness.



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Allah said,

س ئ اه...

This is a clear insight and evidence for mankind,

in reference to the Qur'an,

...ن ی م رو ىهو ٢٠

and a guidance and a mercy for people who have faithwith certainty.

آ ن ن یأم ای اجا اـ أ

ـم ءس ــا ا و اماء45:21 Or do those who earn evil deeds think thatWe shall hold them equal with those who believeand do righteous good deeds, in their present lifeand after their death?

ءس ـمو ن ی م Worst is the judgement that they make.

آ ىو ض اـت وار ا و آ ن

45:22 And Allah has created the heavens and theearth with truth, in order that each person may berecompensed what he has earned,

ن ی هو and they will not be wronged.

اه ـإ ا م یأأ45:23 Have you seen him who takes his own lust as

his god?



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و س و ا ضأو جو ةـ

And Allah, left him astray with knowledge, andsealed his hearing and his heart, and put a cover on

his sight.

ا م یی Who then will guide him after Allah?

نو آ أWill you not then remember ?

The Life and the Death of the Believers and the Disbelievers

are not Equal

Allah the Exalted states here that the believers and thedisbelievers are never equal. Allah said in another Ayah,

ـصأو را ـصأ ىی نو ئا ه ا ـصأ ا

Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of the Paradise. It is the dwellers of Paradise that will besuccessful. (59:20)

Allah said here,

ا اجا یا مأ

... ت

Or do those who earn evil deeds think,

those who commit and practice evil,

...تا او ام یآ ن ن ... ساء مه ومأ

that We shall hold them equal with those who believeand do righteous good deeds, in their life and their

death,



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i.e. treat them equally in the present life of theworld and in the Hereafter

...ن ی م ءس ٢١

Worst is the judgement that they make.

i.e. `worst is the thought that they have about Usand about Our justice, thinking that We will evermake the pious and the wicked equal in theHereafter or this life.'

At-Tabarani recorded that Shubah said that Amrbin Murrah narrated that Abu Ad-Duha said thatMasruq said that;

Tamim Ad-Dari once stood in voluntary prayer

through the night until the morning only recitingthis Ayah,

تا اجا یا مأیآ ن ن أتا او ام...

Or do those who earn evil deeds think thatWe shall hold them equal with those who

believe and do righteous good deeds...

Allah said in reply: ن ء (Worst is the

judgement that they make.)

Allah said,

ض ... و ا اوات وار

And Allah has created the heavens and the earth with

truth,

meaning, in justice,

... ن آ ىو آ ن ی هو ٢٢

in order that each person may be recompensed what hehas earned, and they will not be wronged.


اه إ ا م یأأ...



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Have you seen him who takes his own lust as his god,

i.e. who abides by his lust, and whatever his lustportrays as good he implements it, and whateverhis lust portrays as evil, he abandons it!

Allah's statement,

... ا ضأو ...

And Allah left him astray with knowledge,

It has two meanings.

- One of them is that Allah knew that this persondeserves to be misguided, so He left him astray.

- The second meaning is that Allah led this personastray after knowledge reached him and the proof was established before him.

The second meaning includes the first meaning,but not the opposite.

Allah said,

... جو و س و ةو...

and sealed his hearing and his heart, and put a cover onhis sight.

so he does not hear what benefits him,understands not what would lead him to theguidance and sees not the evidence with which hecan be enlightened.

This is why Allah said,

...نو آ أ ا م یی ٢٣

Who then will guide him after Allah? Will you not thenremember?

Allah said in a similar Ayah,

ه ا ی م ن ی ـ هریو يد



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Whomsoever Allah sends astray, none can guidehim; and He lets them wander blindly in theirtransgressions. (7:186).

ی مو نو تن نا إ ه م او ها إ

45:24 And they say: "There is nothing but our life of this world, we die and we live and nothing destroysus except Ad-Dahr (time).

ن ی إ ه ن And they have no knowledge of it, they onlyوم م إpresume.

ن ن إ أ ءایـ ـ م آ اذإو ـص آ ن ا ائا ـئ إ

45:25 And when Our Clear Ayat are recited to them,their argument is no other than that they say:"Bring back our (dead) fathers, if you are truthful!''

ـا می إ ی ی ی ا یر

45:26 Say (to them):

"Allah gives you life, then causes you to die, thenHe will assemble you on the Day of Resurrectionabout which there is no doubt.

ن ی س ا آأ ـو But most of mankind know not.''



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The Conviction of the Disbelievers, Their Argument and the

Refutation of it

Allah mentions here the creed of Ad-Dahriyyah and the Arabidolators who embraced their creed, denying Resurrection,

نو تن نا إ ه م او ...

And they say: "There is nothing but our life of this world,we die and we live....''

They say that there is only this life, some peopledie while others are born to life, withoutResurrection or Judgement.

This was the creed of Arab idolators who used to

deny Resurrection, in addition to, the creed of theatheist philosophers among them who denied thecreation and Resurrection.

This was also the statement of atheistphilosophers who deny the Creator and think thatthe world will return to its original form onceevery thirty--six thousand years, when everythingwill restart its life--cycle again! They claim thatthis cycle was repeated for infinity, thuscontradicting the sound reason and the divinerevelation.

They said,

...ها إ ی مو ...and nothing destroys us except Ad-Dahr (time).

Allah the Exalted said in reply,

... مو ن ی إ ه ن ٢٤م إ

And they have no knowledge of it, they only presume.

i.e. they speculate and guess!

As for the Hadith recorded by the two collectors of the

Sahih, and Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, from AbuHurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,



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لی :

أ ،ما ي ،ها ن یذی ا دم ،ی اه وأرنو


"The Son of `Adam annoys Me when he cursesAd-Dahr (time), while I am Ad-Dahr. In MyHand are all matters; I cause the alternation of his days and nights.''

In another narration;

ها ه ا ن ها ا

Do not curse Ad-Dahr (time), for Allah is Ad-Dahr.

Ash-Shafi`i, Abu Ubaydah and several otherImams of Tafsir explained the meaning of the

Prophet's statement, ها ه ا ن ها ا (Do not abuse Ad-Dahr (time), for Allah is Ad-Dahr.) They said,

"During the time of Jahiliyyah, when anaffliction, a calamity or a disaster struckthem, the Arabs used to say,

`Woe to Ad-Dahr (time)!'

So they used to blame such incidents onAd-Dahr, cursing Ad-Dahr in the process.Surely, it is Allah the Exalted and MostHonored Who causes these (and all) thingsto happen. This is why when they cursedAd-Dahr, it was as if they were cursingAllah Himself, since truthfully, He causesall incidents to happen. Therefore, abusingAd-Dahr was prohibited due to thisconsideration, for it was Allah Whom theymeant by abusing Ad-Dahr, which -- as

we said-- they accused of causing(distressful) incidents.''



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This is the best explanation for thissubject, and it is the desired meaning.Allah knows best.

We should mention that Ibn Hazm andthose of the Zahiriyyah like him made anerror when they used this Hadith toinclude Ad-Dahr among Allah's mostbeautiful Names.

Allah's statement,

ت ی اذإو ...

And when Our Clear Ayat are recited to them,

means, when the truth is made plain to them andused as evidence against them, asserting thatAllah is able to resurrect the bodies after theyhave perished and disintegrated,

ن ا... ن إ أ ن آ صد م آ ٢٥ائا ئ إ

their argument is no other than that they say: "Bringback our fathers, if you are truthful!''

`bring them back to life, if what you say is true.'


ی ی ا ...

Say (to them):

"Allah gives you life and then causes you to die...''

`for you are witnesses that He brings you (or newlife) to existence after non--existence,'

ی ی ـ مأ آو نو آ

How can you disbelieve in Allah? Seeing that youwere dead and He gave you life. Then He will giveyou death, then again will bring you to life. (2:28)



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Therefore, He Who is able to initiate creation, isable to restart it, as well and more obviously,

هأ هو ی ا أی ىا هو ن

And He it is Who originates the creation, then Hewill repeat it; and this is easier for Him. (30:27)

Allah said next,

... یر ما می إ ی ...

then He will assemble you on the Day of Resurrectionabout which there is no doubt.

`when He resurrects you, it will be on and for the

Day of Resurrection, not in this life. Therefore,your statement is groundless,'

د آ ن اا بب إ (Bring back our (dead)fathers, if you are truthful!) Allah said,

ا م ی می

The Day when He will gather you (all) on

the Day of Gathering. (64:9),

جأ می ي

ا م

For what Day are these signs postponed?For the Day of sorting out. (77:12-13),

and,

دوم ج إ ن مو

And We delay it only for a term (already)fixed. (11:104)

Allah said here, ر ا م إ (thenHe will assemble you on the Day of Resurrection

about which there is no doubt.) there is no doubtthat it will come,



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...ن ی س ا آأ و ٢٦

But most of mankind know not.

and this is why they deny Resurrection anddiscount the fact that the bodies will be broughtback to life.


ا نوی نإ

ی انو

Verily, they see it afar off. But We see it (quite)near. (70:6),

they discount the possibility that Resurrection willever come, while the believers believe that itsoccurrence is easy and imminent.

ض و م اـت وار45:27 And to Allah belongs the kingdom of theheavens and the earth.

ن ا ی می ا م میو And on the Day that the Hour will be established --on that Day the followers of falsehood shall lose.

ـآ إ مأ آ ج مأ آ ىو 45:28 And you will see each nation humbled to theirknees (Jathiyah), each nation will be called to itsRecord (of deeds).

مان آ م ن و

This Day you shall be recompensed for what youused to do.



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ی ـآ اـه45:29 This Our Record speaks about you with truth.

ن آ م ن آ نإVerily, We were recording what you used to do.

Some of the Conditions of the Day of Resurrection and its

Horrors

Allah says,

ضر او تاوا م و ...

And to Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and theearth.

Allah mentions that He is the King and Owner of the heavens and earth, and the Only Ruler overthem in this life and the Hereafter.

Allah's statement,

...ا م میو ...

And on the Day that the Hour will be established,

i.e. on the Day of Resurrection,

...می ن ا ی ٢٧

on that day the followers of falsehood shall lose.

those who disbelieve in Allah and reject the clearproofs and unequivocal evidences that He hassent down to His Messengers.

Allah said,

ج مأ آ ىو ...

And you will see each nation humbled to their knees(Jathiyah),



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kneeling, fearful of the tremendous calamity andevents.

It was said that this will occur when Hellfire willbe brought forth, for she will exhale once, andeveryone will fall to their knees, includingIbrahim, the Khalil. He will proclaim, "Myself,myself, myself! Today, I will not ask You (O Allah)but about myself.''

And even `Isa, will proclaim, "Today, I will onlyargue before You on my own behalf, I will not askYou about Maryam, who gave birth to me.''

Allah said next,

...آ إ مأ آ ...each nation will be called to its Record.

meaning, Record of deeds.

Allah said in a similar Ayah,

ءاو ء ـجو ـا ضوو

And the Book will be presented; and the Prophetsand the witnesses will be brought forward,(39:69)

This is why Allah said here,

...ن آ م نو ما٢٨

This Day you shall be recompensed for what you used to

do.

`you will be judged according to your deeds,good and evil.'

Allah said in similar Ayat;

أو م م ی ـنا ی

ة ن ـنا

یذم أ و



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On that Day man will be informed of what he sentforward, and what he left behind. Nay! Man willbe a witness against himself, though he may putforth his excuses. (75:13-15)

Allah said,

ی آ اه...

This, Our Record speaks about you with truth.

It contains the record of all your actions, withoutaddition or deletion.

Allah also said:

ن یو م م ما ى ـا ضوو هأ إ ةآ و ةص ردی ـا ا ـ م یی جوو اأ ر ی و اض ا م وا

And the Book will be presented, and you will seethe criminals, fearful of that which is therein.They will say:

"Woe to us! What sort of Book is this that leavesneither a small thing nor a big thing, but hasrecorded it with numbers!''

And they will find all that they did, placed beforethem, and your Lord treats no one with injustice.(18:49)

Allah's statement,

...ن آ م ن آ نإ٢٩

Verily, We were recording what you used to do.

means, `We ordered Our scribe angels to recordyour deeds.'

Ibn Abbas and others commented,

"The angels record the deeds of the servants andthen ascend to heaven with them. There, they



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meet the angels entrusted with the Records of deeds sent down from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz oneach Night of Al-Qadr, containing what Allah haswritten will occur from the servants, long beforeHe created them. They will compare their recordsand find out that not a single letter was added or

deleted.''

He then recited this Ayah, ن آ نإن آ (Verily, We were recording

what you used to do.

ر ــا او اماء یا م ر 45:30 Then, as for those who believed and did gooddeeds, their Lord will admit them to His mercy.

ا زا ه ذ

That will be the evident success.

ـیاء أ اوآ یا مأو م م آو س م

45:31 But as for those who disbelieved (it will besaid to them): "Were not Our Ayat recited to you?But you were proud, and you were a people who

were criminals.''

یر او ا و ن إ اذإو 45:32 And when it was said: "Verily, Allah's promiseis the truth, and there is no doubt about the comingof the Hour,''



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ن مو إ ن ن م نرى م ا إ

you said: "We know not what is the Hour: we do not

think it but conjecture, and we have no firmconvincing belief (therein).''

انآ م قو ا م ـس او نو یء

45:33 And the evil of what they did will appear tothem, and that which they used to mock at will

completely encircle them.

آ ن ء یم هـا و ام نآ45:34 And it will be said: "This Day We will forgetyou as you forgot the meeting of this Day of yours.

ن م مو را آاومو یـ And your abode is the Fire, and there is none tohelp you.''

ةا و اوه ا ـیاء ا ن ذ نا

45:35 This, because you took the revelations of

Allah in mockery, and the life of the world deceivedyou.

ن ی ه و م ن م یجSo this Day, they shall not be taken out from there(Hell), nor shall they be returned to the worldly life.



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بر ض رب اـت ورب ار ا ـا45:36 So all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of theheavens and the Lord of the earth, and the Lord of all that exists.

یا هو ض یء اـت وار ا و ا

45:37 And His is the majesty in the heavens and theearth, and He is Al-`Aziz, Al-Hakim.

Allah states to us His judgement in His creation on the Day of

Resurrection,

Allah says,

تا او ام یا م ...

Then, as for those who believed and did good deeds,

Those whose hearts believed and their limbsperformed good deeds, in sincerity to Allah andconforming with Islamic legislation;

...ر ر ...

their Lord will admit them to His mercy.

and that is Paradise.

In the Sahih, Allah said to Paradise;

أن ر ،أر م أشء

"You are My mercy, with which I grant mercy towhom I will,''

Allah said;

...ا زا ه ذ ٣٠



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That will be the evident success.

i.e. clear and apparent.

Allah said,

س ی أ اوآ یا مأو ...

But as for those who disbelieved (it will be said to them):

"Were not Our Ayat recited to you? But you wereproud...''

They will be admonished and criticized with thisstatement, that means, `have not the Ayat of Ar-Rahman been recited to you? But you did not

follow them out of pride and turned away uponhearing them,'

...مم م آو ٣١

and you were a people who were criminals.

`by your actions, as well as, the denial that yourhearts contained.'

یر او ا و ن ... وإذا إ

And when it was said:

"Verily, Allah's promise is the truth, and there is nodoubt about the coming of the Hour,''

`when the believers said these words to you;'

...ا م يرن م ...you said: "We know not what is the Hour...''

`we do not recognize what you are talking about,'

... إ ن ن ...إ

we do not think it but conjecture,

`we only remotely think that it might come,'



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... ن مو ٣٢

and we have no firm convincing belief (therein).

`we are not sure of it.'

Allah said,

... وا ست م ا

And the evil of what they did will appear to them,

the repercussion of their evil deeds will becomeapparent to them,

... قو ...

and will completely encircle them. (from all directions),

ون... ٣٣م آنا یؤ

that which they used to mock at,

i.e. of the coming torment and punishment,

آن ما و ...

And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you...''

`We will treat you as if We have forgotten you,casting you in the fire of Jahannam,'

... آ ن ء یم ها...

as you forgot the meeting of this Day of yours.

`and did not work for it because you did notbelieve in its coming,'

...را آاومو یصن م مو ٣٤

And your abode is the Fire, and there is none to helpyou.

In the Sahih, it is reported that Allah the Exalted will asksome of His servants on the Day of Resurrection,



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كرذأو ،او ا سأ أ ؟مآأ أ ؟جوزأ أس و؟ أ

ل :بری .

ل :أ؟م نأ

ل : .

ا ل :ن آ كنأ م

"Have I not given you a spouse, honored you andsubjected the camels and horses to you?

Have I not allowed you to be a chief and a

master?''

The servant will say in answer, "Yes, O Lord!''

Allah will say, "Did you think that you would evermeet Me?''

He will say, "No.''

Allah the Exalted will say, "then this Day, I willforget you as you forgot Me.''


ن ذ اوه ا تی ا ...

This, because you took the revelations of Allah inmockery.

`We gave you this punishment as retributionbecause you mocked Allah's proofs that He sentto you, and made them the subject of jokes and

jest,'

...نا ةا و ...

and the life of the world deceived you.

`this life fooled you and you were seduced by toit, thus becoming among the ultimate losers,'



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...م ن ... م یج

So this Day, they shall not be taken out from there, (i.e.from Hellfire),

...ن ی ه و ٣٥

nor shall they be returned to the worldly life.

no apologies shall be sought from them, but theywill be punished without limit or delay, just as agroup of the believers will enter Paradise withoutlimit or delay.

After Allah mentioned His judgement for the believers and thedisbelievers, He said,

ض رب اوات ورب ار ا ...

So all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the heavens andthe Lord of the earth,

He is their Owner and the Owner of all that is inand on them, and surely,

...ا بر ٣٦

and the Lord of all that exists.

Allah said next,

ض ایء اوات وار و ...

And His is the majesty in the heavens and the earth,

meaning, the kingship, according to Mujahid.

This Ayah means, Allah is the Almighty, Worthy of all praise; everything and everyone is subservientand in complete need of and dependent uponHim.

In an authentic Hadith, the Prophet said,



ا لی : ،ئادر ءیاو ،يرازإ ا أس نري نز واا م


"Glory is My robe and pride is My garment;

whoever rivals Me for either of them, I will makehim reside in My Fire!''

Muslim collected a similar Hadith.

Allah said,

...یا هو ...

and He is the Al-`Aziz, (Who is never resisted orrivaled),

...ا٣٧

Al-Hakim

(all wise in His statements, actions, legislationand the decree that He appoints);

all glory and praise are due to Him, none has theright to be worshipped but He, Alone.

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Jathiyah. All praiseand thanks are due to Allah alone.

Tafsir ibn Kathir - 045 Jathiyah

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