Sistem Informasi Enterprise

Pertemuan 1

Dasar-dasar Sistem Informasi dalam Bisnis :• Overview• Perbedaan antara SI dan TI• Perbedaan antara data, informasi dan

knowledge• Komponen dan proses dari SI• Proses bisnis dalam enterprise

Pertemuan 2

Persaingan dengan Teknologi Informasi

• 5 kekuatan dalam persaingan

• 5 strategi dalam persaingan

• Beberapa strategi dan karakteristik dari virtual company

• IT dapat merubah persaingan dalam dunia bisnis• Peran jaringan SI dalam perusahaan :

1. memungkinkan perusahaan untukberkoordinasi dengan perusahaan dengan jarak yang jauh2. Transaksi pesanan pembelian, dan pembayaran dapat dilakukan secara elektronik sehingga mengurangi ongkos produksi dan jasa dari luar perusahaan3. terbentuknya efisiensi dan hubungan baru antara organisasi, pelanggan, suplier, dan menata ulang batasan organisasi.

Contoh perusahaan digital

• Amazon.com

• Wal-mart

Perusahaan TOP 1000 di Dunia

No Nama Perusahaan Market Value (Billion of US Dollars)

1. Microsoft $407.22

2. General Electric $333.05

3. IBM 214.81

4. Exxon 193.92

5. Royal Dutch / Shell Group 191.32

6. Wal-Mart Stores 189.55

7. AT&T 186.14

8. Intel 180.24

9. Cisco Systems 174.09

10. BP Amoco 173.87

Peringkat Nama Perusahaan Market Value(Billion of US Dollars)

20. America Online 129.07

37. Dell Computer 87.34

38. Nokia 87.20

39. Daimlerchrysler 86.87

91. Sun Microsystems 46.08

93. General Motors 44.82

102. Compaq 40.27

105. Boeing 39.35

122. Oracle 35.72

148. Yahoo! 29.45

220. Ebay 21.40

254. Amazon.com 18.91

306. Priceline.com 16.09

944. Lycos 3.34

Top 200 Emerging-Market Companies di Indonesia

Peringkat Nama Perusahaan Market Value(US $

Millions)

63 Telekomunikasi Indonesia 4479

77 Gudang Garam 3812

145 Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper 2454

167 Indonesian Satellite (Indosat) 2122

188 Indofood Sukses Makmur 1871

• Sistem informasi strategi adalah– Merupakan bagian dari sistem informasi– Menggunakan IT untuk membantu kinerja dari suatu

organisasi

• Meraih keuntungan dalam persaingan• Mengurangi kerugian dalam persaingan• Menemukan strategi enterprise lain yang

objektif

5 Kekuatan dalam PersainganThreat of

NewEntrants

Rivalry AmongExisting

Competitors

Bargaining Powerof Customers

Bargaining Powerof Suppliers

Threat ofSubstitutes

5 Strategi dalam Persaingan

• Cost Leadership• Differentiation Strategy• Innovation Strategy• Growth Strategy• Alliance Strategy

1. Cost Leadership– Mengurangi biaya produksi– Membantu suppliers atau customers mengurangi biaya– Meningkatkan biaya bagi para pesaing– Example, Priceline uses online seller bidding so buyer

sets the price

2. Differentiation Strategy– Deveslop ways to differentiate a firm’s products from its

competitors– Can focus on particular segment or niche of market– Example, Moen uses online customer design

5 Strategi dalam Persaingan

3. Innovation Strategy– Find new ways of doing business

• Unique products or services• Or unique markets• Radical changes to business processes to alter the

fundamental structure of an industry– Example, Amazon uses online full-service customer systems

4. Growth Strategy– Expand company’s capacity to produce– Expand into global markets– Diversify into new products or services – Example, Wal-Mart uses merchandise ordering by global

satellite tracking

ABCDE

–Assesment = as is, situation

–Baseline = gaps, PPF

–Component = misi & visi

–Down to specific = performance measure

–Evaluate = review progress, actions

5 Strategi dalam Persaingan

5. Alliance Strategy– Establish linkages and alliances with

• Customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants and other companies

– Includes mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, virtual companies

– Example, Wal-Mart uses automatic inventory replenishment by supplier

Strategi yang lain

• Lock in customers and suppliers– And lock out competitors– Deter them from switching to competitors– Build in switching costs– Make customers and suppliers dependent on the use

of innovative IS

• Barriers to entry– Discourage or delay other companies from entering

market– Increase the technology or investment needed to

enter

Strategi Lain (lanjutan…)

• Include IT components in products– Makes substituting competing products more

difficult

• Leverage investment in IT – Develop new products or services not

possible without IT

Apa itu Virtual Company?

• A virtual company uses IT to link– People, – Organizations, – Assets,– & Ideas

• Creates inter-enterprise information systems – to link customers, suppliers, and competitors

Karakteristik Virtual Company

• Use of internet & IT provide computing & communications resources

• IT enables management of a network of people, knowledge, financial & physical resources

• Takes advantage of rapidly changing markets