Published: 12:00 AM, 23 August 2020

Need for policy for contribution of Bangladeshi diaspora

https://dailyasianage.com/news/239062/need-for-policy-for-contribution-of-bangladeshi-diaspora

M S Siddiqui

It has been estimated that about 10 million Bangladeshis are living abroad most of whom temporarily went abroad employment and of which about 2.4 million Bangladeshis are living abroad permanently either as citizens or with other valid documents in as many as 162 countries. These Non-Resident Bangladeshi (NRB) make up the ever-growing Bangladeshi diaspora and they mostly live in the industrial countries including but not limited to UK, USA, Italy, Japan, Australia, Greece, Canada, Spain, Germany, South Africa, France, Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland. They make up the ever-growing Bangladeshi diaspora. New diaspora communities be migrated or born abroad as second generation maintain a special affinity with Bangladesh, a desire to maintain a connection of cultural, social or economic to their country of origin. These second generation and born in abroad ‘Bangladeshi’ by heart use to believe Bangladesh as their own country. They very often express their interest in matters related to the development in their homeland. They can use their financial, time and intellectual resource to help reduce poverty, contribute to the expansion of the private sector and enhance global competitiveness and overall development of the country. The Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET) under The Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment is mandated to maintain information on migration, but they keep information only on short-term migrants. It has not developed any system yet to gather or preserve the record on the Bangladeshi diaspora. It does not have any system of keeping information about the Bangladeshi population living in advanced countries particularly those who are professionals of various categories, businessmen or investors. However, very recently, the Ministry has introduced an electronic NRB registration app with the aim to map out the NRBs. The diaspora can also have the smart ID card once they complete the registration. But, the diaspora are not duly informed of the project and the possible benefits of such registration. Following the experience of other countries, Bangladesh can enjoy benefit of financial remittances, social remittances, skills transfer, and, more broadly, of diaspora engagement in social and community projects aiming at promoting development in Bangladesh. At the policy level, there are some provisions to encourage expatriate remittance senders, some investment in government bond and share market. The existing legal frameworks deal only with the issues relevant to the temporary migrant workers and not the permanent migrants. Unfortunately, there is no provision in place at present to recognize the contributions of the diaspora professional whose outstanding contributions have been recognized by own country. It must be kept in mind that reaching out the diaspora and engaging them in a productive and meaningful way will require appropriate institutions to understand the commitment on the part of the members of the Bangladeshi diaspora. The sentiment be taken with due care and make to appropriate environment to bring them back to their own country. It is known that a Knowledge for Development Management (K4DM) project which is being implemented by Economic Relations Division of the Ministry of Finance and supported by UNDP. The project started its operation in 2015. One of the major initiatives of the project is to try establish a platform for engagement of the Non-resident Bangladeshi or Bangladeshi diaspora in the country’s development process. In this regard, experiences of other countries are success stories. Such a diaspora platform may prove to be extremely effective.

In general, all the stakeholders have emphasis and realization about the importance of engaging the diaspora into Bangladesh’s on-going development process. K4DM project organized a consultation on “Developing Platform for NRB Engagement in National Development”. The dialogue participants of a consultation meeting recommended the formation of a national platform for the engagement of diaspora, develop a diaspora strategy and introduce one stop service for diaspora, establishing a separate economic zone for diaspora investment. The government should create a permanent platform to institutionalize the diaspora engagements with a view to foster country’s development goals emphasis in vision 2030 and 8th FYP. Besides, in doing so, the government may launch various win-win schemes to make it more attractive for its diaspora to step up participation in Bangladesh’s development. Bangladesh should formalize a diaspora platform wherein top diaspora scientists, engineers, doctors, academics, administrators and other professionals serve Bangladeshi public sector organizations for a brief period, lending their expertise. Bangladesh should aggressively encourage the diaspora to invest in Bangladesh — especially for projects, which focus on its development. Bangladesh need huge FDI in both public and private sector to create employment opportunity and expertise of economists, planners, engineers etc. Bangladesh can learn lessons from other emerging and developing countries such as Malaysia, South Africa, Nigeria and Rwanda, who have successfully engaged their diaspora for economic and social development. For example, in Malaysia, TalentCorp—a partnership between the government, the private sector and the overseas diaspora—works to bring educated and highly skilled Malaysians living and working abroad back to the country. The South Africa Network of Skills Abroad (SANSA) helps connect highly qualified and skilled individuals in the diaspora with opportunities to advance education, research and development in the country. Similarly, Nigeria has set up the Nigerians in the Diaspora Organization (NIDO) in various countries throughout the world. Rwanda started a solidarity fund, in which the diaspora can contribute to the development of their country. China known for FDI to other countries including Bangladesh has also focused on engaging the diaspora communities with economic development and to attract diaspora investment the Chinese government brought about widespread and meaningful economic reforms. A study observed that 70 percent of foreign direct investment to China came from its diaspora. Labour intensive export processing sector and real estate are the two major areas where the diaspora investment has taken place. At the same time, a key focus of the Chinese government is to engage well-placed entrepreneurs of the foreign countries so that they can play a pivotal role in attracting foreign direct investment through joint ventures for promotion of Chinese domestic companies’ exports and directing outsourcing opportunities for China. These Chinese expatriate is the instrumental to promote Chinese consumer goods throughout the world, In Bangladesh, the diaspora’s contribution to development is viewed only in terms of remittances that go primarily to support families in Bangladesh. However, the Bangladesh diaspora represents a “huge reservoir” or a “gold mine” of human and capital and also an important bridge between Bangladesh and developed countries. Bangladesh should accelerate its efforts to harness the knowledge skills, expertise and investment potential of diaspora to support transformative development. However, to accomplish this task, Bangladesh needs to be more systematic, structured and strategic in its engagement with its diaspora. Bangladesh has already demonstrated it’s seriousness about managing its relationship with the migrant workers by establishing a separate Ministry called “Ministry of Expatriates’ Welfare and Overseas Employment”(MoEWOE) in 2001 and The Wage Earner Board’s Act 2018. The main objective of these laws is to ensure welfare of the expatriate workers and enhancement of overseas employment with a principle of equal opportunity for the people of all areas of the

country. Bangladesh need pragmatic policy to attract service of diaspora living throughout the world having knowledge, skill, finance and eagerness to contribute for own motherland. Although, some of them born and brought up in other countries. The writer is a legal economist. Email: mssiddiqui2035@gmail.com