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seminari

potenciuri

msesxeblebisaTvis

sabanko swavlebis centri

dakreditebis sistemis

gacnoba

treiningis mizani

potenciuri msesxeblebis bankebTan

daaxloeba – maTTvis dakreditebis

moTxovnebis gacnoba;

msesxeblebis momzadebis donis amaRleba

bankebTan da sxva sakredito

dawesebulebebTan urTierTobisas;

mcire biznesis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba.

dakreditebis procesis

urTierTsasargeblo cirkulacia

banki – efeqturad abandebs

resursebs

biznesi – rac ufro metad

finansdeba, miT ufro viTardeba

saxelmwifo ekonomika – miT ufro

ganviTarebulia, rac metadaa

ganviTarebuli biznesi, rac ufro

didia sabiujeto Semosavlebi

dakreditebis sistemaSi

CarTuli struqturebi

erovnuli banki

komerciuli bankebi

arasabanko sakredito dawesebulebebi

sakredito biuro

kreditis ZiriTadi principebi

dabrunebadoba;

miznobrioba;

vadianoba;

uzrunvelyofa;

anazRaurebadoba (sargeblianoba).

kreditis tipebi dabrunebis

principis mixedviT(kreditis dabrunebis grafikebi)

anuiteti;

sakredito xazebi;

revolvirebadi/ganaxlebadi kreditebi;

saSeRavaTo periodebi kreditis

dabrunebisas.

anuiteti

kreditis tipebi miznobriobis

mixedviT

komerciuli sesxebisabrunavi saSualebebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebi

uZravi qoneba

samomxmareblo sesxebiipoTekuri sesxebi

samogzauro sesxebi

studenturi sesxebi

overdraftebi

sakredito baraTebi

dokumenturi operaciebigarantiebi

akreditivebi

dokumenturi inkaso

kreditis tipebi vadianobis

mixedviT

kreditis vada damokidebulia sesxis

miznobriobaze

moklevadiani

saSualovadiani

grZelvadiani

kreditis uzrunvelyofis tipebi

uZravi qoneba;

SesaZeni saqoneli;

avtomobili;

Tavdeboba (organizaciebis, kerZo pirebis);

Zvirfasi Tvlebi da liTonebi;

ZiriTadi saSualebebi, manqana-danadgarebi;

samomavlo qoneba;

anabari bankSi;

uzrunvelyofis gareSe – sablanko sesxebi.

SekiTxvebi, romlebsac xSirad svamen

kreditis miRebiT dainteresebuli pirebi

ratom ar aris sakmarisi mxolod uzrunvelyofa sesxis

misaRebad?

razea damokidebuli konkretuli pirisadmi gasacemi sesxis

maqsimaluri moculoba?

ratom grZeldeba zogjer sesxis miRebis procesi dReebis

ganmavlobaSi?

ratom iTxoven bankebi msesxeblebisgan “amden” informacias

sesxis gacemisas?

angariSvaldebulni Tu ara komerciuli bankebi sagadasaxado

organoebis mimarT msesxeblebis finansuri informaciis

Sesaxeb?

Tqveni SekiTxvebi?

sesxis aRebasTan

dakavSirebuli procedurebi

procedurebi

gasaubreba

ganacxadis Sevseba

proeqtis momzadeba

iuridiuli dokumentebis gaformeba

Tanxis gacema

monitoringi

procedurebi

vin aris klienti;

ra saqmianobas eweva;

saidan aqvs Semosavali;

risTvis sWirdeba sesxi;

ra SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes uzrunvelyofis saxiT;

sesxis gasacemad saWiro etapebis, pirobebis, xarjebis

gacnoba;

sesxis gansaxilvelad saWiro dokumentebis

CamonaTvalis gadacema.

1. gasaubrebis etapi

gasaubreba xorcieldeba pirTan, visac kompaniaSi

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis uflebamosileba gaaCnia

2. sakredito ganacxadi –

ZiriTadi informacia

klientze

procedurebi

procedurebi

klientis biznesis adgilze gacnoba

finansuri informaciis momzadeba/miwodeba

menejmentis Sefaseba

finansuri analizi da kreditis

struqturireba

uzrunvelyofis Sefaseba

3. proeqtis momzadeba

bazari finansebi

menejmenti

miRebulia dadebiTi

gadawyvetileba proeqtis

dakreditebis Sesaxeb!

procedurebi

sabuTebis Segroveba da sakredito

dawesebulebaSi wardgena

xelSekrulebis gaformeba

4. dokumentirebis procesi

sesxis miznobriobis kontroli

biznesis ganviTarebis kontroli

uzrunvelyofis kontroli

5. monitoringi

procedurebi

ra udevs safuZvlad

dakreditebis procesis

amgvarad warmarTvas da

aseT detalizacias

Tqveni SekiTxvebi?

ratom SeiZleba geTqvaT

uari dafinansebaze?

uzrunvelyofauzrunvelyofa

uzrunvelyofis daniSnuleba

sesxis meoradi dafarvis wyaro

(pirveladi dafarvis wyaro – Semosavali)

msesxeblis pasuxismgeblobs gazrda

uzrunvelyofis tipebi

biznes qoneba

debitoruli angariSebi

sasaqonlo maragebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebi

miwa

sawarmoo danSnulebis Senoba-nagebobebi

savaWro farTi

saofise farTi

uzrunvelyofis tipebi (gagrZeleba)

piradi qoneba

bina, kerZo saxli

satranporto saSualebebi

piradi nivTebi

garantiebi

sabanko garantia

kompaniis finansuri garantia

personaluri garantia

fasiani qaRaldebi da wilobrivi monawileoba sxvadasxva

kompaniebSi

dasakmayofilebeli moTxovnebi

Sefasebadoba (bazris arseboba)

sabazro Rirebuleba / sesxis TanxasTan > 1.5

an c=(kreditis fasi+procentebis jami) X 1. 3 (diskonti,

qonebis swrafi realizaciis gaTvaliswinebiT) X 1.2

likviduroba

kontrolis saSualeba

iuridiuli gamarTuloba

uzrunvelyofis Sefaseba

sakuTrebis damadasturebeli doკumentis gacnoba

mesakuTre

uzrunvelyofis maxasiaTeblebi

Semfasebeli

saკredito menejeri

damatebiT:

uZravi qonebis SemTxvevaSi – uZravi qonebis eqsperti

kompaniis kuTvnili aqtivebis SemTxvevaSi rekomendaciebi

msesxeblis dargSi arsebuli kompaniis menejerebisgan

uzrunvelyofis xelSerulebebis

gaformeba

xelSekrulebis tipi

uZravi qoneba – ipoTekis xelSeruleba

moZrav qonebaze – gravnobis xelSeruleba

xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

sagnis aRweriloba

moTxovnis moculoba – ra Tanxas uzrunvelyofs qoneba

sabazro Rirebuleba – qonebis Rirebuleba, razec

Tanxmdebian mxareebi


gaformeba (gagrZeleba)

damatebiT saWiro dokumentacia

amonaweri sajaro reestridan an (mxolodmoZravi qonebis SemTxvevaSi cnoba, rom

qoneba regstrირebuli ar aris

yadaRis cnoba

Tanxmoba uzrunvelyofis gaformebis Sesaxeb

komaniis aqtvebis SemTxvevaSi partniorTakrebis oqmi / sameTvalyureo sabWosgadawyvetileba, rogorc moiTxovs komaniiswesdeba

piradi qonebis SemTxvevaSi meuRlisTanxmoba


gaformeba (gagrZeleba)

xelmowera mxareebis mier

notarიulad damowmeba

sajaro reestrSi registracia

sajaro reestris amonaweris aReba bankismoTxovnis CanaweriT

uzrunvelyofis montorngi

qonebis mdgomareobis Semowmeba

Sefasebis ganaxleba

monitoringis sixSire

sakredito politikiT gansazRvruli

periodulobiT

komitetis moTxovniT

ZiriTadi riskebi

mesame piris qonebis dagiraveba

moZravi qonebis SemTxvevaSi kreditoris

nebarTis gareSe gasxviseba

Rirebulebis Semcireba (grZelvadiani

sesxebis SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT)

individualuri finansirebamikro kreditebimcire da saSualo biznesikorporatiuli klientebi

bankis swori SerCeva

uaris miRebis etapebi

pirveladi gasaubreba

sesxis damuSavebis procesi

komiteti

pirobiTi uari, anu dafinansebis SesaZlebloba konkretuli

pirobebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi

forma

argumentirebuli uari

werilobiTi forma

Ura etapze SeiZleba iTqvas uari

dakreditebaze

banki - kreditori da ara investori

Secdoma klientis xedvaSi

sesxis yuradsaRebi

miznobriobebi

saxsrebis deficitis (gap) dafarva, sanam

debitorebi dafaraven davalianebas;

maragebis mdgomareoba;

kreditorebis mimarT davalianebis

gastumreba;

partnioris wilis Sesyidva.

pirveladi dafarvis wyaro

kompaniis Semosavlebi

meoradi dafarvis wyaro

uzrunvelyofa

arasakmarisoba, xarvezebi

sesxis dafaravis wyaroebSi

narkotikuli nivTierebebi

saTamaSo biznesi

iaraRi

aralegaluri biznesi

spekulaciuri operaciebi

damwyebi biznesi

SezRudvebi

kompaniis muSaobis xandazmuloba

menejmentis gamocdileba

ganviTarebis tendenciebi

konkurentunarianoba

momwodeblebsa da momxmareblebze

damokidebulebis xarisxi

moTxovnebi kompaniebis

mimarT

kapitalis moTxovna

aralikviduri aqtivebi

fuladi nakadebis stabiluroba

arsebul Semosavlebze gaTvla

valdebulebebis momsaxurebis xarisxi

finansuri stabiluroba

saoperacio momsaxureba

sakredito istoria

sakredito biuro

bankTan urTierTobis gamocdileba

biznesis tipi:

warmoeba

vaWroba

momsaxureba

gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi

sesxis miznobriobis kontroli

biznesis ganviTarebis kontroli

uzrunvelyofis kontroli

monitoringis warmoebis saSualeba

informaciis moZiebis problema

arasrulyofili aRricxvianoba

aRricxvianobis gadamowmebis SeuZlebloba

Seferxebebi

Tqveni SekiTxvebi?

biznes gegma

ra aris biznes gegma

risTvis vadgenT biznes gegmas

rogor SevadginoT biznes gegma

ra aris biznes gegma

biznes gegma aris dokumenti, romelic

gadmoscems biznesis finansur, sabazro

da saoperacio miznebs da maTi miRwevis

detalur gegmas, romelic gamoiyeneba

rogorc menejeruli miznebisaTvis, aseve

investorebis mosazidad an

kreditorebTan urTierTobisas

risTvis vadgenT biznes gegmas(SesaZlo miznebi)

biznesis gegmiuri da ara qaosuri marTva

biznesis obieqturi /kritikuli da

emociebisagan Tavisufali xedva

ideebis efeqturi gacvla da dafinansebis

SesaZleblobis gazrda

rogor SevadginoT biznes gegma(ZiriTadi Semadgeneli muxlebi)

biznesis aRwera

produqti – momsaxureba

bazris gansazRvra

momxmareblebi

momwodeblebi

konkurentebi

menejmenti – TanamSromlebi

finansuri monacemebi

biznes gegmis ZiriTadi muxlebi

optimaluri moculoba - maqsimum 2

gverdi;

unda moicavdes biznes-gegmis yvela

ZiriTad aspeqts;

unda igrZnobodes: enTuziazmi,

profesionalizmi, sisrule da

lakunuroba

mokle Sesavali


kompaniis misia;

sakuTrebis forma;

kompaniis arsebobis istoria;

kompaniis Zlieri mxareebi da konkurentuli

upiratesobebi;

mimdinare da dagegmili mniSvnelovani miRwevebi

grZelvadiani gegmebi

kompaniis zogadi aRweriloba


detaluri aRweriloba;

maTi mniSvnelovani upiratesobebi

konkurentebis SemoTavazebebis mimarT;

fasebi

miwodebis arxebi

produqtebi da momsaxureba


marketinguli kvlevebis Sedegebi;

faqtebi kompaniis moRvaweobis dargis Sesaxeb;

bazris moculoba;

kompaniis wili bazris mTlian moculobaSi;

rogoria mimdinare momentisaTvis kompaniis miznobrivi

bazris moTxovna da am moTxovnis tendenciebi;

kompaniis zrdis tempebi;

SesaZlo barierebi kompaniis warmatebisaTvis da maTi

daZlevis gegmebi.

bazris gansazRvra


vin arian kompaniis ZiriTadi momxmareblebi

(geografiuli da demografiuli niSnebis

mixedviT):

momxmareblebi

fizikuri pirebisaTvis

• asaki;

• sqesi;

• adgilmdebareoba;

• saSualo Semosavlebi;

• ganaTleba;

• socialuri klasi.

iuridiuli pirebisaTvis

• dargi;

• adgilmdebareoba;

• zomebi;

• teqnologiuri

procesebi;

• sxva.


angariSsworebis da miwodebis pirobebi;

urTierTobis xangrZlivoba;

ratom yiduloben momxmareblebi

kompaniis produqts/momsaxurebas

momxmareblebi


vin arian kompaniis ZiriTadi

momwodeblebi? TiToeulis wili mTlian

SesyidvebSi;

angariSsworebis da miwodebis pirobebi;

urTierTobebis xangrZlivoba;

xom ar eZebs kompania axal mimwodeblebs,

Tu kmayofilia mimdinare urTierTobebiT?

momwodeblebi


ZiriTadi konkurentebi;

Sedareba fasis, xarisxis, asortimentis,

mdebareobis da a.S. mixedviT;

konkurentuli poziciis Sefaseba da

samomavlo perspeqtivebi;

kompaniis strategia konkurentuli

upiratesobebis mosapoveblad

konkurentebi


damfuZneblebis struqtura, wilobrivi

monawileoba;

vin uzrunvelyofs kompaniis yoveldRiur,

operatiul marTvas?

misi gamocdileba, ganaTleba;

kompaniis organizaciuli struqtura da

TanamSromelTa raodenoba

kompaniis saqmianobaSi CarTuli gare pirebi -

konsultantebi, buRaltrebi, sadazRvevo

agentebi da a.S.

menejmenti, TanamSromlebi


istoriuli finansuri dokumentebi;

saprognozo finansuri gegma:

momavali periodis mogeba-zaralis uwyisi;

momavali periodis balansi;

momavali periodis fuladi nakadebis uwyisi;

nulovani mogebis wertili

finansuri monacemebi

Secdomebi biznes - gegmis Sedgenisas

mTavari yuradReba ZiriTadad gadaitaneba finansur mxareze anu momavlis Semosavlebsa da misaReb mogebaze da nakleb bazris analizze.

pirveli Secdoma imaSi mdgomareobs, rom bazris kvlevas sociologebi ufro asruleben vidre finansistebi anu bazris Seswavla sxvadasxvamiznobrivi jgufebis erToblivi koordinaciiT ar xdeba. amis mizezimaRali xarjebia.

meore Secdoma informaciis miRebaSi mdgomareobs, romelic xSirad ar Seesabameba realobas da nakleb asaxavs bazris realur segementacias. evropuli kompaniebi bazris kvlevisas eyrdnobian Tavis mudmiv momxmarebels (panels) da swored am jgufis adamianebSi awarmoeben bazris kvlevas sxvadasxva anketebis saSualebiT.

mesame Secdoma. gegmebis Sedgenisas nakleb iTvaliswineben danadgarebis gadatanis xarjebsac, rasac emateba sabaJo gadasaxadebi, montaJisa da gaSvebis xarjebi.

meoTxe Secdoma. naklebi yuradReba eqceva produqciis gasaRebis organizacias. igi dakavSirebulia realizaciaSi monawile menejerebis, savaWro agentebis, produqciis gadamzidvelebis, gadmomtvirTavebisanazRaurebasTan, rasac xsirad emateba produqciis sawyobebSi Sesanaxi Tanxebis ar gaTvaliswinebac.

finansuri dokumentebi

finansuri dokumentaciis

warmoebis mniSvneloba

erTaderTi saSualeba msesxeblis gadaxdisunarianobis

Sesafaseblad;

finansur dokumentebSi asaxuli unda iyos sando da

dadasturebadi informacia;

aRniSnul dokumntebze dayrdnobiT xdeba finansuri

analizis gakeTeba da dakreditebis sakiTxis gadawyveta

finansuri analizis

mizani da etapebi

kompaniis istoriuli finansuri uwyisebis Sedgena

finansuri angariSebis formebis gamoyenebiT;

saprognozo finansuri uwyisebis Sedgena – fuladi

nakadebis uwyisis formis gamoyenebiT;

kompaniis finansuri monacemebis Sedareba dargis

normatiul monacemebTan (sakredito dawesebulebaSi

dadgenili politikis Sesabamisad);

koeficienturi analizis Catareba;

kreditis Tanxisa da vadis dadgena (kreditis

struqturireba) msesxeblis biznesis fuladi nakadebis

moZraobis Sesabamisad.

kompaniis ZiriTadi finansuri

dokumentebi

sabalanso uwyisiasaxavs kompaniis xelT arsebul saSualebebs da maTi dafinansebis

wyaroebs drois konkretuli momentisaTvis.

mogeba-zaralis uwyisiCveulebriv moicavs drois garkveul periods ( Tve, kvartali, weli) da

asaxavs kompaniis saqmianobis finansur Sedegebs.

fuladi saxsrebis mimoqcevis uwyisiCveulebriv moicavs drois garkveul periods ( Tve, kvartali, weli) da

asaxavs kompaniaSi fuladi saxsrebis moZraobas.

balansi

aqtivebivaldebulebebi

& kapitali

ras gvauwyebs balansi

rogor iyenebs kompania Tavis fondebs

saidan moipovebs igi maT

ramdenad efeqturad marTavs Tavis

finansebs

sabalanso uwyisi

aqtivebi = valdebulebebi + sakuTari kapitali

aqtivi

mimdinare aqtivebi

• fuli

• debitoruli davalianeba

• sawarmoo maragebi

aramaterialuri aqtivebi

• licenzia

• patenti

grZelvadiani aqtivebi

• miwa

• manqana-danadgarebi

• Senoba-nagebobebi

pasivi

moklevadiani valdebulebebi

• kreditoruli davalianeba

• moklevadiani sesxebi

• sxva mimdinare valdebulebebi

grZelvadiani valdebulebebi

• grZelvadiani sesxebi

• sxva grZelvadiani valdebuleba

mflobelTa kapitali

• sawesdebo kapitali

• gaunawilebeli mogeba / zarali

sabalanso uwyisi2005 2006 2005 2006

mimdinare aqtivebi moklevadiani valdebulebebi

•fuli 10,000 12,320 •kreditoruli davalianeba 30,000 32,000

•debitoruli davalianeba 18,000 25,000 •moklevadiani sesxebi 10,800 9,000

•sawarmoo maragebi 40,000 43,000 •sxva mimdinare valdebulebebi 5,000 7,000

sul mimdinare aqtivebi 68,000 80,320 sul moklevadiani

valdebulebebi 45,800 48,000

grZelvadiani aqtivebi grZelvadiani valdebulebebi

•miwa 10,000 10,000 •grZelvadiani sesxebi 20,000 30,000

•Senoba-nagebobebi 34,000 34,000 •sxva grZelvadiani

valdebuleba - -

•manqana-danadgarebi 120,000 150,000 sul grZelvadiani

valdebulebebi 20,000 30,000

•sxva grZelvadiani aqtivebi - - mflobelTa kapitali

grZelvadiani aqtivebis

Rirebuleba 164,000 194,000 •sawesdebo kapitali 100,000 100,000

minus daricxuli cveTa da

amortizacia 24,000 36,000 •gaunawilebeli mogeba /

zarali 42,200 60,320

sul grZelvadiani aqtivebi 140,000 158,000 sul mflobelTa kapitali 142,200 160,320

mTliani aqtivebi 208,000 238,320 valdebulebebi da

kapitali 208,000 238,320

1. mimdinare likvidurobis koeficienti =

mimdinare aqtivebi/mimdinare valdebulebebi

2. swrafi likvidurobis koeficienti = fuli+debitorebi+moklevadiani investiciebi/mimdinare

valdebulebebTan

3. sufTa sabrunavi kapitali = mimdinare

aqtivebs-mimdinare valdebulebebi

leveraJi = mTliani valdebulebebi/mTlian

aqtivebi

koeficienturi analizi

likvidurobis maCveneblebi

likvidurobis maCveneblebi

wlebi

koeficientebi

2005 2006

mimdinare likvidurobis

koeficienti

1.48 1.67

swrafi likvidurobis

koeficienti

0.61 0.78

sufTa sabrunavi kapitali 22,20 32,32

leveraJi 0.32 0.33



debitoruli davalianebisbrunvadoba = saSualo debitoruli

davalianeba*periodi/gayidvebi am periodSi

*ar unda aRematebodes kreditis gadaxdis vadas

kreditoruli davalianebisbrunvadoba = kreditoruli

davalianeba*periodi/Sesyidvebi am periodSi

sabalanso uwyisis

ZiriTadi sakiTxebi

axerxebs Tu ara kompanias sakuTari davalianebebis

amoRebas?

xom ar irRveva debitoruli davalianebis gadaxdis vadebi?

ixdis Tu ara kompania Tavis valdebulebebs?

Seesabameba Tu ara kreditoruli davalianebebis brunva

gadaxdis pirobebs;

kreditoruli davalianeba<maragebi?

akontrolebs Tu ara kompania Tavis maragebs?

sakmarisia maragebi mocemuli operaciisaTvis?

iyo Tu ara kompania warmatebuli?

aris Tu ara gaunawilebeli mogeba dadebiTi?

Tqveni SekiTxvebi

mogeba-zaralis uwyisi

mogeba-zaralis uwyisi2005 2006 10000

realizacia 140,000 161,000 16.1 9.66

cvladi xarjebi 84,000 96,600

saerTo mogeba 56,000 64,400

fiqsirebuli xarjebi 20,000 20,000

amortizacia 12,000 12,000

mogeba gadasaxadebisa da procentis

gadaxdamde 24,000 32,400

saprocento xarji 8,000 6,000

mogeba gadasaxadebis gadaxdamde 16,000 26,400

mogebis gadasaxadi 3,200 5,280

wminda mogeba 12,800 21,120

dividendi 2,000 3,000

gaunawilebuli mogeba 10,800 18,120

procentis gadaxdis koeficienti =

Semosavlebi procentis da gadasaxadis gadaxdamde

(EBIT*)/saprocento xarjebi

sesxis momsaxurebis koeficienti =

Semosavlebi procentis da gadasaxadis gadaxdamde+amortizacia

(EBITDA**)/ saprocento xarjebi

* EBIT - Earnings Before Interest and Tax

** EBITDA - Eearnings Before Income Tax, Deprecation and Amortization


wlebi

koeficientebi

2005 2006

procentis gadaxdis

koeficienti

3.00 5.40

sesxis momsaxurebis

koeficienti

1.84 2.30


გაყიდვების რენტაბელობა ანუ მოგების მარჟა (ROS) =

წმინდა მოგება/შემოსავალი რეალიზაციიდან

აქტივების რენტაბელობა (ROA) =

წმინდა მოგება/საშუალო აქტივები

კაპიტალის რენტაბელობა (ROE) =

წმინდა მოგება/საშუალო კაპიტალი


rentabelobis maCveneblebi

wlebi

koeficientebi

2005 2006

გაყიდვების რენტაბელობა(მოგების მარჟა)

(ROS)

9% 13%

აქტივების რენტაბელობა(ROA)

6% 9%

კაპიტალის რენტაბელობა(ROE)

9% 13%


rentabelobis maCveneblebi

fuladi saxsrebis

mimoqcevis uwyisi

kargi msesxebeli kredits

faravs ara:

Senobeba/nagebobebiT;

satransporto saSualebebiT;

manqana-danadgarebiT;

maragebiT.

aramed fuliT!!!

fuladi saxsrebis

analizi exmareba

sakredito oficers,

darwmundes, rom biznesSi

moZravi fuli sakmarisia

sesxis gawrili grafikis

mixedviT dasafaravad

fuladi saxsrebis

struqtura

fuli periodis dasawyisSi

operaciebidan Semosuli da gadinebuli fuli

dafinansebidan Semosuli da gadinebuli fuli

fuli periodis dasasrulisaTvis

fuladi saxsrebis mimoqcevis uwyisisaoperacio saqmianoba

wminda mogeba 21,120

amortizacia (+) 12,000

debitoruli davalianebis zrda/Semcireba (-/+) (7,000)

maragebis zrda /Semcireba (-/+) (3,000)

kreditoruli davalianebis zrda/Semcireba (+/-) 2,000

sxva mimdinare valdebulebebis zrda/Semcireba (+/-) 2,000

sul saoperacio fulis moZraoba 27,120sainvesticio saqmianoba

grZelvadiani aqtivebis SeZena/realizacia (-/+) (30,000)safinanso saqmianoba

moklevadiani sesxebis zrda/Semcireba (+/-) (1,800)

grZelvadiani sesxebis zrda/Semcireba (+/-) 10,000

gacemuli dividendebi (-) (3,000)

miRebuli dividendebi (+) -

sul fulis moZraoba safinanso saqmianobidan 5,200sul fulis moZraoba periodSi 2,320fuli periodis dasawyisSi 10,000

fuli periodis bolos 12,320

nulovani mogebis

wertili

nulovani mogebis koeficientis yoveldRiur

praqtikaSi gamoiyenebiT SeiZleba

daxasiaTdes:

yovelTviuri / wliuri Tu sxva nebismieri saanalizoperiodis gayidvebis is minimaluri Tanxobrivi odenoba, romelic sakmarisi iqneba kompaniis cvladi da fiqsirebuli xarjebis dasafarad, im gaangariSebiT, rom kompanias maTi gastumrebis Semdeg darCeba nulovanimogeba;

yovelTviuri / wliuri Tu sxva nebismieri saanalizoperiodis gayidvebis is minimaluri raodenobrivimaCvenebeli, romlisgan miRebuli amonagebiც sakmarisiiqneba kompaniis cvladi da fiqsirebuli xarjebisdasafarad, im gaangariSebiT, rom kompanias maTigastumrebis Semdeg darCeba nulovani mogeba.

kompaniis mier gaweuli nebismieri danaxarji, romlebicdakavSirebulia erTeulovani produqciis warmoebasTan

SeiZleba iyos mikuTvnebuli xarjebis ორ kategorias, kerZod:

kompaniis cvladi xarjebis kategoria

warmoadgens yvela im xarjs, romlis gawevac kompania uxdeba yovelierTeuli an momdevno erTeuli produqciis sawarmoeblad. (nedleuli, muSaxelis xelfasi, satransporto danaxarjebi). aRniSnuli xarjiutoldeba nuls, rodesac kompania arafers ar awarmoebs.

kompaniis fiqsirebul xarjebis kategoria

warmoadgens yvela is xarjs, romlis gaweva kompanias uxdebamiuxedavad imisa kompania imuSavebs, Tu ara, 1 erTeul produqciasgamouSvebs, Tu 10-s. fiqsirebul xarjebs miekuTvneba menejmentisxelfasi, komunaluri xarjebi.

magaliTi:

kompania TveSi awarmoebs da yidis produqciis 100 erTeuls:

- erTeulovani produqciis sarealizacio Rirebulebaa $10 - kompaniis cvladi xarjebi udris sarealizacio Rirebulebis 60%-s

- kompaniis fiqsirebuli xarjia $ 250

aRniSnuli Tvis martivi mogeba-zaralis uwyisi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:

mogeba-zaralis uwyisi

realizacia 1,000

cvladi xarjebi 600

jamuri mogeba: 400

fiqsirebuli xarjebi : 250

dasabegri mogeba: 150

nulovani mogebis wertilis gamosaTvlelad tardeba

Semdegi moqmedebebi:

iTvleba kontribucia = 400

(realizacia – cvladi xarji)

iTvleba kontribuciis marJa = 40%

(kontribucia / realizacia)

nulovani mogebis wertili: = 625

(fiqsirebuli xarji/kontribuciis

marJa)

mogeba-zaralis uwyisirealizacia 625

cvladi xarjebi (60%) 375

jamuri mogeba: 250

fiqsirebuli xarjebi :

250

dasabegri mogeba 0

Semajamebeli msjeloba:nulovani mogebis wertilis daangariSeba iZleva saSualebas gavigoT, rom

- kompanias saangariSo periodSi unda gaeyida minimum 63 erTeuliproduqcia, rom daefara yvela cvladi da fiqsirebuli xarji da gasuliyo nulovan mogebaze;

alternativa

- kompanias SeeZlo gaeyida Tavdapirveli 100 erTeuli produqcia, xolofasi nacvlad 10 dolarisa Seemcirebina 6.25 aSS dolaramde.

- zemoTaRniSnuli gvaZlevs imis mtkicebis saSualebas, rom yovelierTeulis fasi 100 erTeuli produqciis realizaciisas 6.25 dolarzeqvemoT kompaniisaTvis wamgebiania, an 10 dolaris SemTxvevaSi kompaniamminimum unda gayidos 63 erTeuli produqti.

- aRniSnuli moqmedebebidan gamomdinare kompaniis menejerebma undaSesZlon imis gansazRvra, minimum ramdeni produqti unda gayidoskompaniam (gasaRebis departamenti, marketingis departamenti), ra fasiunda daadon erTeulovan produqcias (finansuri departamenti) an ra TanafardobiT unda iyos dabalansebuli kompaniis fiqsirebuli da cvladi xarjebi.

SekiTxvebi ?

sesxis sakredito monitoringis tipebi:

msesxeblis finansuri mdgomareobis

monitoringi;

sesxis uzrunvelyofis saxiT arsebuli qonebis

monitoringi;

sasesxo Tanxis miznobrivi xarjvisa da

proeqtis mimdinareobis monitoringi

msesxeblis finansuri mdgomareobis

monitoringi

sakredito oficerma/eqspertma yovelTviuri monitoringis

bazaze unda:

Seiswavlon klientebis mimdinare finansuri mdgomareoba

finansur dokumentebze dayrdnobiT;

Seiswavlon klientebis sabanko angariSebze Tanxebis

moZraoba;

Seiswavlon organizaciebis biujetis winaSe arsebuli

valdebulebebi, gaanalizon maTi warmoSobis mizezebi da

dafarvis wyaroebi. moaxdinon saangariSgebo periodSi

Semosuli fuladi nakadebis da maTi mimarTulebebis

Semowmeba;

sesxis fiansuri monitoringis maxasiaTeblebi:

sixSire: TveSi erTxel

dro: sesxis grafikiT gansazRvrul dafarvisTariRamde 1 kviriT adre

adgili: msesxeblis ofisi, sawarmo

dokumentacia: yvela qviTari, gadaxdis moTxovna, angariS-faqtura, sxvadasxva saxis angariSgebebi.

forma: monitoringi unda iqnes gadatanilikonkretuli sakredito dawesebulebisxelmZRvaneli organoebis mier datkicebulmonitoringis eleqtronul formaSi.

waredgineba: ganyofilebis / filialis xelmZRvanels, sakredito riskebis analizisganyofilebas, sakredito beq-ofiss

gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi

msesxeblis damokidebuleba bankisadmi;

msesxeblis damokidebuleba gareSe pirebisadmi;

msesxeblis finansuri angariSgebebi;

kompaniis SigniT mimdinare cvlilebebi

msesxeblis damokidebuleba bankisadmi

msesxeblis mxridan finansuri informaciis neli da uxalisod warmodgena aris yvelazeadreuli da xSirad ganmeorebadi gamafrTxilebeli faqtori;

grafikiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxebis dagvianebiT gadaxda SeiZleba likvidobis problemismaniSnebeli iyos, rac Tavis mxriv SeiZleba miuTiTebdes msesxeblis mier sakuTari saqmeebisaraefeqturad marTvaze;

Txovna kreditis dafarvis vadis gaxangrZlivebis Taobaze warmoadgens siZneleebisTvalnaTliv maCvenebels;

sakredito Tanxis aramiznobrivi da aragonivruli xarjva SeiZleba iqces msesxeblispotenciuri problemebis arsebobis maCveneblad;

problemebi klientTan urTierTobaSi: siZneleebi msesxebelTan dakavSirebaSi, dasmulkiTxvebze msesxeblis mxridan bundovani pasuxebis gacema an saerTod Tavis arideba, uariinformaciis mowodebaze an cru informaciis miwodeba, bankis mxridan daTqmuli Sexvedrebzedagvianeba da a.S. arapunqtualoba an arasaTanado Tavis marTlebebi (mtkicebebi samuSaoTigadatvirTulobaze);

aqtivebis gasxviseba an gayidva, romlebic ar Seesabameba biznesis normaluri funqcionirebisinteress. aqtivebis gayidva detalurad unda iqnas ganxiluli msesxebelTan erTad, raTadadgindes qmedebis WeSmariti mizezi da SesaZlebeli Sedegebi. msgavsi gayidvebi SeiZlebaaRmoCenil iqnas msesxeblis mier bankSi didi odenobiT depozitis ganTavsebis Sedegad da a.S.

sesxis naSTis Semcireba da overdraftebis zrda miuTiTebs, rom msesxebeli ganicdislikvidobis problemas;

megobruli urTierTobebis zrda bankTan mimarTebaSi gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa, Tukimsesxebeli banks sTavazobs axal axal finansur proeqtebs. msgavsi gamafrTxilebeli niSanigansakuTrebiT rTulad aris amosacnobi, rameTu banki yovelTvis miesalmeba axal biznesebs. am SemTxvevaSi bankma unda gansazRvros Tu ramdenad gulwrfelia msesxebeli;

msesxeblis Txovnebi bankis mxridan gadawyvetilebis swrafad miRebaze SeiZleba miuTiTebdes, rom msesxebelma dakarga kontroli biznesze, an cdilobs ukuagdos bankis mxridan misimuSaobis analizis mcdeloba;

ararealuri samomavlo gegmebi, miuTiTebs biznesis cud an arakompetentur marTvaze. es niSanisakredito oficerma biznes-gegmis detaluri Seswavlis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoaCinos;

winadadebebi ucnauri garigebebis an saqmeebis Sesaxeb, romlebic ar eqvemdebareba saR azrs, SeiZleba mianiSnebdes imaze, rom msesxebeli imyofeba uimedo mdgomareobaSi. biznesis axalsferoebSi diversifikacia SeiZleba miuTiTebdes usiamovnebebze, Tuki msesxebels ar gaaCniamuSaobis gamocdileba am sferoSi es SeiZleba miuTiTebdes bolomde gamoukvelevelavantiuraze.

msesxeblis damokidebuleba gareSe pirebisadmi

wina periodTan SedarebiT klientebis mxridan SekveTebis Semcireba,

SeiZleba iyos momavali finansuri problemebis maniSnebeli. es SeiZleba

miuTiTebdes imas, rom msesxebels aRar ZaluZs momxmareblis sxvisgan

gansxvavebuli saqonliT momarageba, gaaCnia cudi xelmZRvaneloba an

aradamakmayofileblad emsaxureba klienturas.

kompaniis Sesaxeb statiis an zepiri formiT gadacemuli uaryofiTi

informacia;

momwodeblebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi: momwodeblebma Sewyvites

msesxeblisaTvis saSeRavaTo pirobebis miniWeba, rac miuTiTebs

msesxeblis mxridan valdebulebebis aradroul momsaxurebas;

insaideris mier aqciaTa gayidva SeiZleba miuTiTebdes, rom aqcionerebi

cdiloben problemuri biznesidan gasvlas.

msesxeblis finansuri angariSgebebimaragebis uzomod zrda miuTiTebs, rom kompania muSaobs an Tavis komerciul SesaZleblobebze dabla an Semcirda

realizaciis moculobebi. sakredito muSaki valdebulia Seamowmos maragebi: a) RirebulebaSi, b) fizikur

erTeulebSi, g) rogorc procentuli SeTanawyoba mTliani aqtivebidan, d) rogorc procentuli SeTanawyoba

realizaciidan;

debitoruli davalianebis brunvadobis Semcireba: debitoruli davalianebis Semosvla gansakuTrebiT

mniSnvelovania. Seswavlil unda iqnas: nelad gadaxdadi, gadauxdeli an uimedo debitoruli davalianebebi.

debitoruli davalianebis zrdis tendenciis Seswavlisas gamokvleuli unda iqnas klientebTan Cekebis gagzavnis

sistema da fuladi nakadebis sistema. maragebis msgavsad debitoruli davalianebac Seswavlil unda iqnas a)

RirebulebaSi, b) fizikur erTeulebSi, g) rogorc procentuli SeTanawyoba mTliani aqtivebidan, d) rogorc

procentuli SeTanawyoba realizaciidan;

kreditoruli davalianebis zrda: rodesac biznesi xdeba naklebad likviduri es iwvevs gadaxdebis gadavadebas.

SeSfoTebulma msesxebelma SeiZleba mimarTos garantiebis gamoyenebis praqtikas, raTa gadaavados gadaxdebis vada.

aRniSnuli aSkara problemis maniSnebelia;

aqtivebis realizacia: finansuri problemebis SemTxvevaSi msesxebelma SeiZleba miiRos aqtivebis ipoTekiT

datvirTvis gadawyvetileba, gadavides ijaris praqtikaze da gadadgas nabijebi aqtivebis realizaciis

mimarTulebiT, raTa gazardos likvidoba. nebismieri aseTi qmedeba bankis mxridan unda aRiqmebodes, rogorc

gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi;

sasesxo davalianebis zrda: Tuki mTliani valdebulebebi an sasesxo valdebulebis kapitalTan Sefardeba iwyebs

zrdas, maSin es potenciuri problemebis maniSnebelia;

likვidobis zrda: gansakuTrebiT problematuri xdeba Tu izrdeba sagadasaxado likvidoba. es SeiZleba aseve

miuTiTebdes imaze, rom kompanias finansuri zrdis pirobebSi gaaCnia Zalian msxvili sasesxo davalianebebi.

saoperacio mogebis Semcireba an saerTod gaqroba: mogebis armqone kompanias momavali ar aqvs. drois mcire

monakveTis ganmavlobaSi kompaniam SeiZleba aCvenos wminda mogebis arseboba rezervebis likvidaciis, fiqsirebuli

aqtivebis realizaciis, saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadaxdisa da a.S safuZvelze;

wminda zarali an naRdi fulis uaryofiTi nakadebi: msgavs SemTxvevebSi kompanias ar SeuZlia didi xniT

gaagrZelos Tavisi saqmianoba;

axali investiciebis Sewyveta: Cveulebriv kompania unda agrZelebdes investiciebs moZvelebuli mowyobilobebis

modernizaciisaTvis an cvalebad samyarosTan adaptirebisaTvis. rTul periodebSi kompanias SeuZlia mogebis

SenarCuneba (an zaralis Semcireba) msgavsi investiciebis Semcirebis gziT. aRniSnuli warmoadgens moklevadian

strategias, romelsac grZelvadian WrilSi perspeqtiva ar aqvs;

sabuRaltro angariSgebebis safuZvlebis an finansuri angariSgebebis warmodgenis meTodebis Secvla ar iZleva

mimdinare monacemebis istoriul monacemebTan Sedarebis saSualebas. aRniSnuli xSirad warmoadgens nerviulobis

sagans;

auditoris/buRaltris xSiri cvla: SeiZleba miuTiTebdes imaze, rom wina auditorebi ar Tanxmdebodnen msesxeblis

ararealuri finansuri angariSgebebis dadasturebaSi.

kompaniis SigniT mimdinare cvlilebebi problemebi xelmZRvanel struqturaSi, rac SeiZleba Semdegnairad gamovlindes:

- menejmentis Semadgenlobis uecari an xSiri cvla;

- gansakuTrebiT dominirebadi xelmZRvaneli;

- menejmentis SemadgenlobaSi Tanamimdevruli marTvis nakleboba;

- gadawyvetilebis miRebisas moqmedebaTa bundovnoba;

- arazomiereba xelmZRvanelobaSi (Zalian bevri buRalteri, warmomadgenlebi an TanaSemweebi).

aSkara uTanxmoebebi kompaniis SigniT, gansakuTrebiT xelmZRvanelebs Soris, rac SeiZleba

mianiSnebdes kompaniaSi arsebul finansur siZneleebze. unda gairkves Tu ra warmoadgens davis

sagans da xom ar aiZuleben vinmes rom gadadges;

menejmentis romelime warmomadgenlis xangrZlivi an uecari Svebuleba avadmyofobis gamo;

kompaniis xelmZRvanelis mZime avadmyofoba an sikvdili;

saqmis warmoebis dadgenili praqtikidan gadaxrebi: fasebis Semcireba, spekulacia, uprecedento

saqmiani moqmedebebi. aseve menejeris mcdari, eqstravagantuli an arasasurveli piradi Cvevebi;

kompaniis swrafi zrda: mravali problemuri krediti warmoiqmneba iseT kompaniebSi, romlebic

Zalian swrafad izrdebian daJinebuli mewarmis liderobis qveS, romelic Tavis mxriv ver

axdens adeqvatur zrdas da ver iZens didi kompaniis samarTavad saWiro profesionalur unar-

Cvevebs;

SesaZleblobebis simravle: SeiZleba miuTiTebdes realizaciis Semcirebaze da gulisxmobs, rom

kompania arakonkurentunariania produqciis Rirebulebis gansazRvraSi. bankma unda gansazRvros

dargi aris problemuri, Tu es moqmedebs mxolod mocemul msesxebelTan mimarTebaSi;

SesaZleblobaTa simcire: Tu kompania muSaobs sakuTar SesaZleblobebze dabla, maSin es

SeiZleba iyos potenciur safinanso siZneleebis maCvenebeli;

cvlilebebi ekonomikaSi, politikaSi, teqnikaSi an konkurentul garemoSi, SeiZleba uaryofiTad

aisaxon kompaniaze Tu ar iqneba gadadgmulni aucilebeli da swrafi nabijebi maTi Sedegebis

gamosasworeblad.

xelmZRvanelobaze an filialebze gacemuli kreditebi;

xelmZRvanelebis anazRaurebis cvlileba.

perioduloba: or TveSi erTxel

mizani: Semowmdes xom ar aris giraos sagani dazianebuli

forma: monitoringi unda iqnes gadatanili konkretuli sakreditodawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli organoebis mier datkicebulmonitoringis eleqtronul formaSi

ras eqceva yuradReba?

aris Tu ara giravnobis sagani dazianebuli;

arsebobs Tu ara giravnobis sagnis Rirebulebis Semcirebis safrTxe;

xom ar moxda giravnobis sagnis moraluri cveTa;

xom ar arsebobs giravnobis sagnis ganadgurebis safrTxe misi daucvelobis gamo;

Seesabameba Tu ara uzrunvelyofaSi arsebuli sagnis realuri mdgomareoba(raodenobrivadac) giravnobis xelSekrulebaSi dafiqsirebuls;

Tu moxda sagiravno qonebis Semcireba, Semcirda Tu ara Sesabamisi TanxiTsasesxo davalianeba.

sesxis uzrunvelyofis saxiT arsebuli qonebis monitoringi

sasesxo Tanxis miznobrivi xarjvisa da proeqtis mimdinareobismonitoringi

perioduloba: damokidebulia sakredito dawesebulebis mier gasacem tranSebze

mizani: Semowmdes ramdenad Seesabameba realuri xarjva gancxadebuls

forma: monitoringi unda iqnes gadatanili konkretuli sakreditodawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli organoebis mier datkicebulmonitoringis eleqtronul formaSi

monitoringis Catarebisas sakredito oficeri valdebulia

sesxis (morigi tranSis) gacemidan 14 dRis ganmavlobaSi savaldebulo wesiT

moaxdinon sasesxo Tanxis miznobrivi xarjvis Semowmeba;

Seamowmon Seesabameba Tu ara sesxis misaRebad bankSi warmodgenil

dokumentaciaSi dafiqsirebuli miznobrioba realurs;

moiZion sasesxo Tanxis miznobrivad xarjvis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da

Sesabamisi aslebi miznobriobis formasTan erTad moaTavson sakredito

failebSi;

gaagrZelon kontroli sasesxo Tanxis miznobriv xarjvasa da proeqtis

mimdinareobaze, moiZion Sesabamisi dokumentebi proeqtis sruli ciklis

damTavrebamde;

Tu sesxis Tanxa aramiznobrivad iqna gamoyenebuli daafiqsiron arsebul

situacia da TavianT rekomendaciebTan erTad gadascen dakreditebis direqtors

romelic sami dRis vadaSi bankis xelmZRvanelobasTan SeTanxmebiT dasaxavs

RonisZiebebs problemebis gadasawyvetad

sakredito oficrebi valdebulni arian ganaxorcielon monitoringisyvela zemoT CamoTvlili saxe Sesabamisi formebi warmoadginondakreditebis direqtoratis administrireba-zedamxedvelobissamsaxurSi (filialebis sakredito oficrebma aqtebTan erTad undawarmoadginon sakredito ipoTekis da giravnobis xelSekrulebebi).

aqtebis warmodgenis Semdgom aRniSnuli samsaxuri Sesabamis sakreditooficerTan erTad axdens sesxis Sefasebas. sesxis Sefasebisasaucileblobis SemTxvevaSi adgilebze gasvliT moxdeba aqtebSidafiqsirebuli informaciis siswore.

warmodgenili formebis da Sefasebis mixedviT moxdeba sesxebismimdinareobis realuri mdgomareobis gansazRvra. am mdgomareobidangamomdinare moxdeba bankis sakredito porTfelis Sefaseba da detaluri analizi da misi Sedegebi moxsendeba bankisxelmZRvanelobas.

Semajamebeli msjeloba

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Transcript of seminari potenciuri msesxeblebisaTvis - abg.org.ge · ratom ar aris sakmarisi mxolod uzrunvelyofa...