Salbutamol sulfat

( Martindale 28 hal 31)

Nama lain : Albuterol sulfat

Pemerian : serbuk putih atau hampir putih

Kelarutan : mudah larut dalam air, sukar larut dalam etanol, dalam kloroform dan dalam

eter.

Stabilitas : stabilitas salbutamol sulfat dalam larutan dapar fosfat berkurang dengan

meninngkatnya pH diatas 6,9.

Dosis : s.c / i.m 250-500µg yang dapat diulang sesudah 4 jam.

pH : 3,4 – 5

Khasiat : obat asma dan bronkhitis kronis.

Penyimpanan : dalam wadah tertutup baik dan tidak tembus cahaya.

Sterilisasi : Otoklaf

Propilen Glikol

( Excipients hal. 407- 408, FI IV hal 712)

Pemerian : Cairan kental, jernih, tidak berwarna; rasa khas; praktis tidak berbau;

menyerap iar pada udara lembab.

Kelarutan : Dapat bercampur dengan air, dengan aseton dan dalam kloroform; larut

dalam eter dan dalam beberapa minyak esensial; tetapi tidak dapat bercampur dalam

minyak lemak.

Konsentrasi : 10-60 %

Kegunaan : pengawet (anti mikroba), pelarut atau kosolven yang dapat bercampur

dengan air

OTT : Dengan bahan pengoksidasi seperti kalium permanganat

Stabilitas : Stabil ketika bercampur dengan etanol 95%, dan air. stabil pada suhu sejuk

dan dalam wadah tertutup rapat, tapi pada temperature tinggi dan terbuka dapat

mengalami oksidasi. Stabil jika dicampurkan dengan etanol (95%), gliserin atau air’

Sterilisasi : Dengan otoklaf

Penyimpanan : Wadah tertutup rapat, terlindung dari cahaya, dan di tempat sejuk dan

kering

Aminophyllin

(FI IV Hal 90 , Martindale ed.35 hal 1000-1001, Martindale edisi 31 hal1651, DI 2003 hal

3487)

Pemerian : Butir atau serbuk putih atau agak kekuningan,bau ammonia lemah, rasa

pahit.

Kelarutan : Tidak larut dalam etanol dan dalam eter. Larut dalam air. Larutan 1 gram

dalam 25ml air menghasilkan larutan jernih; larutan 1gram dalam 5ml air menghablur

jika didiamkan dan larut kembali jika ditambah sedikit etilendiamin.

PH : 8,6-9,0 (FI IV hal 92)

Stabilitas : Stabil pada suhu kamar dan pada PH 3,5-8,6 selama 48 jam pada suhu 25 C.

Jika dibiarkan di udara terbuka, perlahan kehilangan etilendiamin dan menyerap

karbondioksida dengan melepaskan teofilin.

Khasiat : Antiasma, diuretikum, bronkodilator.

Wadah dan Penyimpanan : Dalam wadah dosis tunggal bebas karbondioksida dari

kaca tipe 1, terlindungi dari cahaya.

OTT : asam , klorpromazin HCl, clindamycin phospat, corcotrophin, dimenhidrinat,

eritromicin gluceptate, hidralazin HCl, prokain HCl, prametazin HCl, vancomisin HCl.

Sterilisasi : otoklaf/filtrasi

Dosis : 25 mg/ml (Aminofilin mengandung 84,0 dan 87,4% teofilin dan 13,5 – 15,0%

etilendiamin).

(DI 2003 hal 3488, Martindale edisi 31 hal 1651)

Rute : Intravena

Teofilin

(FI IV hal. 783)

Pemerian : serbuk hablur putih, tidak berbau, rasa pahit.

Kelarutan sukar larut dalam larutan alkali dan ammonium hidroksida , agak sukar larut

dalam etanol, dalam kloroform, dan dalam eter.

Stabilitas : stabil di udara

Sterilisasi : otoklaf

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Taxonomy

 

Pharmacology

 

Pharmacoeconomics

 

Properties

 

References

 

Interactions

 

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targets (2) enzymes (1)

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Identification

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Name Salbutamol

Accession Number DB01001 (APRD00553)

Type small molecule

Groups approved

Description

Salbutamol is a short-acting, selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma andselective for beta2 receptors than beta1 receptors giving it higher specificity for pulmonary beta receptors versus beta1-adrenergic receptors located in the heart. Salbutamol is formulated as a racemic mixture of the R- and S-isomers. The R-isomer has 150 times greater affinity for the beta2-receptor than the S-isomer and the S-isomer has been associated with toxicity. This lead to the development of levalbuterol, the single R-isomer of salbutamol. However, the high cost of levalbuterol compared to salbutamol has deterred wide-spread use of this enantiomerically pure version of the drug. Salbutamol is generally used for acute episodes of bronchospasm caused by bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and other chronic bronchopulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). It is also used prophylactically for exercise-induced asthma.

Structure

 Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure 

Synonyms

Albuterol

Albuterol Sulfate

Albuterol Sulphate

Levalbuterol

Salbutamol Sulfate

Salbutamol Sulphate

Salts Not Available

Brand names Name Company

Accuneb

Aerolin

Airomir

Asmaven

Asmol

Asthalin

Asthavent

Broncovaleas

Buventol

Cetsim

                                          

Brand mixtures

Brand Name Ingredients

Combivent Ipratropium Bromide + Salbutamol Sulfate

Gen-Combo Sterinebs Ipratropium Bromide + Salbutamol Sulfate

Categories

Bronchodilator Agents Adrenergic beta-Agonists Tocolytic Agents

CAS number 18559-94-9

WeightAverage: 239.3107Monoisotopic: 239.152143543

Chemical Formula C13H21NO3

InChI Key InChIKey=NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3Plain Text

IUPAC Name 4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol

SMILES CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(CO)=C(O)C=C1Plain Text

Mass Spec Not Available

Taxonomy

Kingdom Organic

Classes

Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives Phenols and Derivatives Phenethylamines

Substructures Hydroxy Compounds Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives Aliphatic and Aryl Amines Phenols and Derivatives Benzene and Derivatives

10

Alcohols and Polyols Amino Alcohols Phenethylamines Aromatic compounds Phenyl Esters

Pharmacology

IndicationFor symptomatic relief and prevention of bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other chronic bronchopulmonary disorders such as COPD.

Pharmacodynamics

Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN), a moderately selective beta(2)-receptor agonist similar in structure to terbutaline, is widely used as a bronchodilator to manage asthma and other chronic obstructive airway diseases. The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. The R-enantiomer is sold in its pure form as Levalbuterol. The manufacturer of levalbuterol, Sepracor, has implied (although not directly claimed) that the presence of only the R-enantiomer produces fewer side-effects.

Mechanism of action

Salbutamol is a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist and thus it stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Binding of albuterol to beta(2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentration leads to a smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. In addition to bronchodilation, salbutamol inhibits the release of bronchoconstricting agents from mast cells, inhibits microvascular leakage, and enhances mucociliary clearance.

Absorption Systemic absorption is rapid following aerosol administration.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding Not Available

Metabolism

Hydrolyzed by esterases in tissue and blood to the active compound colterol. The drug is also conjugatively metabolized to salbutamol 4'-O-sulfate.

Important The metabolism module of DrugBank is currently in beta. Questions or suggestions? Please contact us

Substrate Enzymes Product

Salbutamol Salbutamol 4-O-sulfate

Route of elimination

Approximately 72% of the inhaled dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours, 28% as unchanged drug and 44% as metabolite.

Half life 1.6 hours

Clearance Not Available

Toxicity LD50=1100 mg/kg (orally in mice)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways Not Available

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Armstrong pharmaceuticals inc Genpharm inc Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa Pliva inc Schering corp sub schering plough corp Glaxosmithkline Teva global respiratory research llc 3m pharmaceuticals inc Dey lp Actavis mid atlantic llc Apotex inc richmond hill Apotex inc Bausch and lomb inc Cobalt laboratories inc Copley pharmaceutical inc Hi tech pharmacal co inc Holopack international Landela pharmaceutical Nephron pharmaceuticals corp Nephron corp Novex pharma Roxane laboratories inc Teva parenteral medicines inc Watson laboratories inc Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag Amneal pharmaceuticals Mova pharmaceuticals corp Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc Vintage pharmaceuticals llc Vistapharm inc Mylan pharmaceuticals inc Muro pharmaceutical inc Dava pharmaceuticals inc American therapeutics inc Mutual pharmaceutical co inc Sandoz inc Ucb inc Warner chilcott div warner lambert co Breath ltd Sepracor inc Teva Pharmaceuticals

Packagers 3M Health Care Actavis Group Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc. Amerisource Health Services Corp. Apotheca Inc. Apothecon Armstrong Pharmaceuticals Inc. A-S Medication Solutions LLC Aslung Pharmaceutical Lp

Atlantic Biologicals Corporation Automatic Liquid Packaging Inc. Bausch & Lomb Inc. Bryant Ranch Prepack Cardinal Health Catalent Pharma Solutions Charter Laboratories Inc. Cipla Ltd. Cobalt Pharmaceuticals Inc. DAVA Pharmaceuticals Dey Pharma LP Direct Dispensing Inc. DispenseXpress Inc. Dispensing Solutions Diversified Healthcare Services Inc. GlaxoSmithKline Inc. H.J. Harkins Co. Inc. Heartland Repack Services LLC Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc. Holopack International Corp. Ivax Pharmaceuticals Kaiser Foundation Hospital Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply Major Pharmaceuticals Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply Mutual Pharmaceutical Co. Mylan Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novopharm Ltd. Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Odyssey Pharmaceuticals Inc. Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc. Patient First Corp. PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc. Pharmedix Physician Partners Ltd. Physicians Total Care Inc. Pliva Inc. Prasco Labs Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc. Qualitest Quality Care Rebel Distributors Corp. Redpharm Drug Rx Elite Sandhills Packaging Inc. Schering Corp. Sepracor Pharmaceuticals Inc. Southwood Pharmaceuticals Stratus Pharmaceuticals Inc. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. UDL Laboratories

United Research Laboratories Inc. Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc. Vistapharm Inc. Warrick Pharmaceuticals Corp. Watson Pharmaceuticals

Dosage forms

Form Route

Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation)

Liquid Oral

Powder Respiratory (inhalation)

Solution Intramuscular

Solution Intravenous

Solution Oral

Solution Respiratory (inhalation)

Tablet Oral

Prices

Unit description

Xopenex 0.63 mg/3 ml solution 64.2 USD

Proventil HFA 108 (90 Base)mcg/act Aerosol 6.7 gm Inhaler 55.09 USD

Xopenex HFA 45 mcg/act Aerosol 15 gm Inhaler 53.84 USD

AccuNeb 0.63 mg/3ml Neb. Solution 1 Box= 25 Vials 53.14 USD

AccuNeb 1.25 mg/3ml Neb. Solution 1 Box= 25 Vials 53.14 USD

ProAir HFA 108 (90 Base)mcg/act Aerosol 8.5 gm Inhaler 45.99 USD

Ventolin HFA 108 (90 Base)mcg/act Aerosol 18 gm Inhaler 39.99 USD

Proair hfa 90 mcg inhaler 12.62 USD

Proventil hfa 90 mcg inhaler 8.07 USD

Xopenex hfa 45 mcg inhaler 6.12 USD

                                          DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents Country Patent Number Approved

United States 7500444 2005-07-04 2025-07-04

United States 6352684 1992-11-28 2009-11-28

Canada 2125665 2001-06-12 2012-12-04

10

Canada 2125667 2000-06-13 2012-12-04

Properties

State solid

Experimental Properties

Property Value Source

melting point 151 °C PhysProp

water solubility 1.41E+004 mg/LYALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003)

logP 1.4 Not Available

logS -1.22 ADME Research, USCD

pKa 10.3 Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property Value

water solubility 2.15e+00 g/l

logP 0.44

logP 0.34

logS -2

pKa (strongest acidic) 10.12

pKa (strongest basic) 9.4

physiological charge 1

hydrogen acceptor count 4

hydrogen donor count 4

polar surface area 72.72

rotatable bond count 5

refractivity 67.87

polarizability 26.86

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference Not Available

External Links Resource Link

KEGG Drug D02147  

PubChem Compound 2083  

PubChem Substance 46505312  

ChemSpider 1999  

BindingDB 25769  

ChEBI 2549  

ChEMBL 2549  

Therapeutic Targets Database DNC000873  

PharmGKB PA448068  

IUPHAR 558  

Guide to Pharmacology 558  

Drug Product Database 790419  

RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/duoneb.htm  

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbutamol  

ATC Codes R03CC02 R03AC02

AHFS Codes 12:12.08.12 48:12.04.12

PDB Entries Not Available

FDA label Not Available

MSDS show (52.5 KB)

Interactions

Drug Interactions Drug Interaction

Amitriptyline The tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Amoxapine The tricyclic antidepressant, amoxapine, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Atenolol Antagonism

Bisoprolol Antagonism

Carvedilol Antagonism

Clomipramine The tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Desipramine The tricyclic antidepressant, desipramine, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Doxepin The tricyclic antidepressant, doxepin, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Esmolol Antagonism

Imipramine The tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Isocarboxazid Increased arterial pressure

Labetalol Antagonism

Linezolid Possible increase of arterial pressure

Methyldopa Increased arterial pressure

Metoprolol Antagonism

Midodrine Increased arterial pressure

Moclobemide Moclobemide increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Nadolol Antagonism

Nortriptyline The tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline, increases the sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol.

Oxprenolol Antagonism

Phenelzine Increased arterial pressure

Pindolol Antagonism

Propranolol Antagonism

Rasagiline Increased arterial pressure

Reserpine Increased arterial pressure

Timolol Antagonism

Food Interactions Not Available

Targets

1. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor

Pharmacological action: yesActions: agonist

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine

Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P07550   Gene: ADRB2   Protein Sequence: FASTAGene Sequence: FASTASNPs: SNPJam Report  

References:

1. Brichetto L, Milanese M, Song P, Patrone M, Crimi E, Rehder K, Brusasco V: Beclomethasone rapidly ablates allergen-induced beta 2-adrenoceptor pathway dysfunction in human isolated bronchi. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Jan;284(1):L133-9. Epub 2002 Aug 16. Pubmed

2. Chong LK, Suvarna K, Chess-Williams R, Peachell PT: Desensitization of beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses by short-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists in human lung mast cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;138(3):512-20. Pubmed

3. Yamanishi T, Chapple CR, Yasuda K, Yoshida K, Chess-Williams R: Role of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in mediating relaxation of the pig bladder trigonal muscle in vitro. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22(4):338-42. Pubmed

4. Brouri F, Hanoun N, Mediani O, Saurini F, Hamon M, Vanhoutte PM, Lechat P: Blockade of beta 1- and desensitization of beta 2-adrenoceptors reduce isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 6;485(1-3):227-34. Pubmed

5. Choudhry S, Ung N, Avila PC, Ziv E, Nazario S, Casal J, Torres A, Gorman JD, Salari K, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Toscano M, Sylvia JS, Alioto M, Castro RA, Salazar M, Gomez I, Fagan JK, Salas J, Clark S, Lilly C, Matallana H, Selman M, Chapela R, Sheppard D, Weiss ST, Ford JG, Boushey HA, Drazen JM, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Silverman EK, Burchard EG: Pharmacogenetic differences in response to albuterol between Puerto Ricans and Mexicans with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Mar 15;171(6):563-70. Epub 2004 Nov 19. Pubmed

6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Beta-1 adrenergic receptor

Pharmacological action: unknownActions: agonist

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity

Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P08588   Gene: ADRB1   Protein Sequence: FASTAGene Sequence: FASTASNPs: SNPJam Report  

References:

1. Baker JG: The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists at the human beta1, beta2 and beta3 adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;144(3):317-22.

Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684   Gene: CYP3A4Protein Sequence: FASTAGene Sequence: FASTASNPs: SNPJam Report  

References:

1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

Comments

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part

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