KALI

From :Rohit kumar sharma Section – c . 48 Gla university

What is KALI ?????

Any Guess..?

First thing which strike in mind as we hear world “KALI” is avatar of Hindu Goddess Durga. KALI Maa (Mother KALI) is ruthless destroyer of the enemies AND saver of humanity. One right hand holds a sword and other right hand holds a trident. So the name suggests actual intentions and idea of DRDO behind this.

KALI STAND FOR KILO AMPERE LINEAR INJECTOR

1. Introduction 2. History 3.DESIG

N4. APLLICATION5.WORKING

INTRODUCTION

* KALI ( kilo ampere linear injector ) is a linear electron being developed in india, by the Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO) and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).

*The KALI is not laser weapon as commonly believed. It emit powerful pulse of electron (Relativistic Electron beam- REB).

* Other component in the machine down the line convert the electron energy into EM radiation, which can be adjusted to X- rays ( as Flash X--rays ) or microwave (High Power Microwave ) frequencies.

* This has fueled hopes that the KALI could, one day be used in a High- Power Microwave gun, which could destroy incoming missile and aircraft though soft kill(destroying the electronic circuitry on the missile).

Power Microwave

*The KALI project was first mooted in 1985 by then Director of the BARC, Dr. R. Chidambaram. Work on the Project began in 1989, being developed by the accelerators & Pulse Power Division of The BARC.

*DRDO is also involved with this project. It was initially developed for industrial applications, although defence applications became clearer later.

*The first accelerators had a power of ~0.4GW, which increased as later version were developed. These were the KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000 , KALI 5000, & KALI 10000.

*The KALI-5000 was commissioned for use in late 2004.

HISTORY

DESIGN*The KALI series (KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000, KALI 5000 & KALI 10000) of accelerators are described as ‘’ Single Shot Pulsed Gigawatt Electron Accelerators”. *They are single shot devices, using water filled capacitors to build the charge energy.

*The discharge is in the range of 1GW. Initially starting with 0.4GW power, present accelerators are able to reach 40GW. Pulse time is about 60ns. The microwave raditions emitted by the KALI-5000 are in the 3-5 GHz range.

*The KALI-5000 is a pulsed accelerator of 1Mev electron energy, 50-100 ns pulse time , 40KA current and 40GW power level. contu….

*The system is quite bulky as well. With the KALI-5000 weighing 10 tons, and the KALI-10000, weighing 26 tons.

*They are also very power hungry, and require a cooling tank of 12,000 liters of oil. Recharging time is also too long to make it a viable in its present form.

*The KALI has been put to various uses by the DRDO.

*The X-rays emitted are being used in ballistics research as an illuminator for ultrahigh speed Photography by the Defence Ballistic Research Institute (DBRI) in chandigarh.

*The Microwave emissions are used for EM research.

*The microwave –producing version of KALI has also been used by the DRDO scientists for testing the vulnerability On the electronic system of the Light Combat Aircraft(LCA),which was then under development.

contu….

APLLICATION

*It has also helped in designing electrostatic shields to “harden” the LCA and missiles From microwave attack by the enemy as well as protecting satellites against deadly Electromagnetic Impulses(EMI) generated by nuclear weapons and other cosmic disturbance, which “fry” & destroy electronic circuits.

*Electronic components currently used in missiles can withstand fields of approxi. 300V/cm, while the fields in case of EMI attack reach thousands of V/c.

*The high power microwave pulses travel in a straight line and do not dissipate their energy if the frequency falls between three and ten gigahertz

WORKING

The KALI-200 and KALI-1000 system are based on Tesla- transformer principle which is set to double resonance to achieve higher transfer efficiency and use castor oil/demineralized water as dielectric in transmission line.The KALI-75 is based on PFN Marx generator principle and KALI-5000 is based on Marx-Blumlein principle, where the output voltage is same as the charging voltage. The need for stepping up energy production to keep pace with the ever increasing demand is universally recognized. To meet the future energy demands and based on the expertise available with us, the development of TeraWatt level pulsed power systems are being proposed during the XIth plan viz. (i) a single shot pulse power system of 3MV, 350kA, 100ns, 1 TW ratings based on plus-minus charging type Marx generator combined with demineralized water filled Blumlein and SF6 filled spark gap switches and(ii) Linear Induction Accelerator rated 1 MeV, 5kA, 100ns, 10-1 kHz. Relatively low voltage (75-200kV) fed cavities givethe flexibility to address a variety of applications in a multi-module system.

JAI HIND

THANKING YOU