PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR KELOMPOK Periode LXIV, …repository.unika.ac.id/2376/1/09.11.0071 Maria...
Transcript of PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR KELOMPOK Periode LXIV, …repository.unika.ac.id/2376/1/09.11.0071 Maria...
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN
Tema Desain
ARSITEKTUR KONTEMPORER
Fokus Kajian
KENYAMANAN TERMAL PADA BANGUNAN OLAHRAGA
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
Maria Carizza Pandora Raharjo 09.11.0071
Dosen pembimbing :
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
November 2013
KELOMPOK
C
..............
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kepada Bapa di Surga dan dengan karunia-Nya dan perlindungan-
Nya dari awal hingga akhir penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir
Arsitektur ini sehingga dapat berjalan lancer tanpa kurang suatu apa. Landasan
Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 64 semester ganjil 2013/2014
dengan judul “GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN" ini disusun untuk
memenuhi salah satu persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur,
Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik
Soegijapranata, Semarang.
Penyusun telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menyempurnakan materi
Landasan Teori dan Program ini, tetapi penyusun juga menyadari keterbatasan
sehingga terdapat kesalahan yang tidak disengaja dalam penyusunan materi dan
penyajiannya.
Selain itu, tanpa bantuan pihak-pihak terkait , materi Landasan Teori dan
Program Arsitektur ini tidak dapat diselesaikan. Karena itu , penyusun ingin
menyampaikan penghargaan dan rasa terima kasih kepada yang tercinta :
1. Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani selaku Dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan sabar
membimbing dan mengarahkan dari konsep awal, revisi, hingga hasil akhir
proses penyusunan LTP ini.
2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
periode 64.
3. Tim Dosen Review yang memberikan masukan penting bagi kesempurnaan
Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
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4. Alm. Petrus Yizreel Ariobimo Pandhu Raharjo yang memberikan semangat
dan motivasi dari surga yang terus akan selalu ada di hati dengan segala
kenangan indah dan telah menjadi adik yang terbaik di dunia.
5. Keluarga besar Juwono yang menjadi motivasi untuk terus berjuang dalam
proses penyusunan LTP ini.
6. Fandi Krismawan yang telah membantu memberi masukan mengenai konsep
dan pola pemikiran penyusunan LTP ini.
7. Maria Rosario Putri yang selalu mendampingi di saat senang dan susah
selama menjadi mahasiswi di Unika Soegijapranata.
8. Viviana Esthi yang sellau menemani dan memberikan masukan secara
dewasa selama menjadi mahasiswi di Unika Soegijapranata.
9. Ayu Catherine Kurniasari yang selalu memberikan motivasi untuk disiplin dan
teman setia selama proses PAA 64.
10. Rachmadanti yang selalu memberikan ajaran dan masukan selama proses
PAA 64.
11. Vicky Widia teman sekaligus adik yang sudah membantu dan menemani di
kala suntuk dan tidak bersemangat.
12. Teman - teman Kontrakan 2008 dan teman - teman Arsitektur 2009 yang
telah memberikan kenangan dan kebahagiaan selama proses menjadi
mahasiswi Arsitektur Unika Soegijapranata Semarang.
13. Rekan - rekan seperjuangan satu studio PAA 64 yang telah memberikan
dukungan dan semangat.
14. Pihak-pihak lain yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang telah
membantu dalam menyelesaikan laporan ini.
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Akhir kata dengan segala kerendahan hati, mengingat keterbatasan
kemampuan penulis dalam menyusun laporan ini, maka LTP - PAA ini masih banyak
kekurangan. Saran dan kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak akan sangat
membantu penyempurnaan pada masa mendatang.
Semarang, November 2013
Hormat saya,
Maria Carizza Pandora Raharjo
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ............................................................................................. xvii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xviii
I. PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek .................................................................................. 1
1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Proyek ........................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Tujuan ................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2. Sasaran ................................................................................................ 4
1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................................... 4
1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................................... 5
1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 5
1.4.1.1. Data Primer ............................................................................ 5
1.4.1.2. Data Sekunder ....................................................................... 5
1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis ......................................................... 6
1.4.3. Metoda Pemrograman .......................................................................... 6
1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 6
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II. TINJAUAN PROYEK ........................................................................................ 8
2.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................................. 8
2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................................ 8
2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ......................................... 13
Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 14
Perkembangan .................................................................................. 21
Tren ................................................................................................... 22
2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ......................................................................................... 24
2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................ 24
2.2.2. Batasan Bidang yang Akan Diwadahi ................................................ 25
Olahraga ........................................................................................... 26
Seni ................................................................................................... 28
2.2.3. Kegiatan ............................................................................................. 29
Pendekatan Pelaku ........................................................................... 29
Struktur Organisasi di Gelanggang Remaja ....................................... 31
Fasilitas ............................................................................................. 32
2.2.4. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .................................................. 38
Arsitektur ........................................................................................... 38
Bangunan .......................................................................................... 39
Lingkungan ........................................................................................ 40
2.2.5. Deskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota ............................................................. 40
1. Geografi ........................................................................................ 40
2. Topografi ....................................................................................... 41
3. Pembagian Administratif Kota Tangerang Selatan ........................ 42
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2.2.6. Studi Banding / Komparasi Proyek Sejenis ........................................ 44
2.2.7. Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 47
1. Arsitektur ....................................................................................... 47
2. Bangunan ...................................................................................... 48
3. Lingkungan .................................................................................... 48
2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan .......................................................... 48
2.3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 48
2.3.2. Batasan .............................................................................................. 49
2.3.3. Anggapan .......................................................................................... 50
III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................. 51
3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .................................................................... 51
3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................... 51
a. Pengelompokan Kegiatan ............................................................ 51
b. Studi Pendekatan Pengunjung ...................................................... 53
c. Pelaku – Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan ............................................... 54
d. Jadwal Kegiatan ........................................................................... 60
3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas (Kebutuhan – Pola – Besaran - Indoor/Outdoor) ......... 63
a. Alur Ruang Keseluruhan .............................................................. 63
b. Alur Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................................... 64
c. Besaran Ruang ............................................................................... 67
d. Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................................... 90
e. Studi Citra Arsitekrural ................................................................. 93
3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...................................................... 94
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3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure .................................................... 94
3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ......................................................................... 104
3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi .......................................................... 112
3.3. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ..................................................................... 114
3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 114
Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 114
Analisa Perkotaan Kota Tangerang Selatan ................................... 115
Dampak Positif dan Negatif Proyek ................................................. 120
Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi Proyek .................................................... 121
Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi dengan Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ............. 125
3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................. 126
Dasar Pertimbangan Pemilihan Tapak ............................................ 126
Observasi Lokasi Tapak .................................................................. 126
Foto – Foto Tapak ........................................................................... 128
Aksebilitas/Pencapaian Lokasi Tapak ............................................. 129
Sarana dan Prasarana Lokasi Tapak .............................................. 130
Potensi dan Problematika Tapak .................................................... 131
Analisa Distrik Jalan Tapak ............................................................. 132
Data dan Analisis Tapak Terpilih ...................................................... 135
IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................................... 136
4.1. Konsep Program ....................................................................................... 136
4.1.1. Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................. 136
4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ................................................................................... 136
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4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi .............................................................................. 136
4.1.4. Aspek Lingkungan ........................................................................... 137
4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan ............................................................................................. 137
4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................ 137
4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan .......................................................... 138
Pelaku ............................................................................................. 138
Fasilitas ........................................................................................... 139
4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................... 145
Arsitektur ......................................................................................... 145
Bangunan ........................................................................................ 146
Lingkungan ...................................................................................... 147
4.3. Program Arsitektur .................................................................................... 147
4.3.1. Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 147
Program Ruang ............................................................................... 147
Program Besaran Ruang ................................................................. 153
Pola Ruang Outdoor Indoor ............................................................ 159
4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................. 163
4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas .................................................................... 170
4.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ....................................................................... 179
Ruang Terbuka Hijau ...................................................................... 179
Perbaikan Iklim Mikro Setempat ...................................................... 179
Perbaikan Tapak ............................................................................. 179
Material Perkerasan Tanah .............................................................. 180
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V. KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................ 181
5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ................................................................ 181
5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain ..................... 181
5.1.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................ 184
5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................. 187
Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 188
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................................ 189
5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..... 189
Suhu Udara ..................................................................................... 191
Kecepatan Angin ............................................................................. 194
Kelembaban Udara ......................................................................... 196
Rata – Rata Suhu Permukaan Ruang ............................................. 198
Aktivitas Manusia ............................................................................ 198
Pakaian ........................................................................................... 200
5.2.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................ 201
5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................ 203
Orientasi Bangunan ......................................................................... 204
Elemen Arsitektur ............................................................................ 208
Elemen Lansekap ............................................................................ 210
Material / Bahan Bangunan ............................................................. 213
Batasan .............................................................................................. 217
Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 218
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. xxvi
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... xxx
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.01 Fase Rentang Waktu Usia Remaja . ...................................................... 9
Tabel 2.02 Gelanggang Remaja di Pulau Jawa . .................................................... 15
Tabel 2.03 Jumlah Penduduk Kota Tangerang Selatan 2013 . ............................... 18
Tabel 2.04 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan 2013 . ........................................... 19
Tabel 2.05 Komunitas di Tangerang Selatan . ........................................................ 20
Tabel 2.06 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2010 . ................................. 23
Tabel 2.07 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013 . ................................. 23
Tabel 2.08 Standar Ukuran Lapangan Basket . ...................................................... 26
Tabel 2.09 Standar Ukuran Lapangan Badminton . ................................................ 27
Tabel 2.10 Jenis Pelaku . ........................................................................................ 29
Tabel 2.11 Studi Fasilitas . ...................................................................................... 32
Tabel 2.12 Fasilitas Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan . ............................................. 45
Tabel 2.13 Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro . ................................ 46
Tabel 3.01 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2010 . ................................ 53
Tabel 3.02 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013 . ................................ 53
Tabel 3.03 Jadwal – Pelaku – Sifat Kegiatan . ....................................................... 54
Tabel 3.04 Jadwal Kegiatan . ................................................................................. 60
Tabel 3.05 Jadwal Kegiatan Spontarious Park . ...................................................... 61
Tabel 3.06 Jadwal Kegiatan di Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool . ................................. 62
Tabel 3.07 Tabel Besaran Ruang . ......................................................................... 67
Tabel 3.08 Studi Sistem Struktur . ........................................................................... 96
Tabel 3.09 Studi Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................... 104
Tabel 3.10 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi . .......................................................... 112
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Tabel 3.11 Dampak Positif dan Negatif . .............................................................. 120
Tabel 3.12 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi . .................................................................. 125
Tabel 3.13 Potensi dan Problematika Tampak . ................................................... 131
Tabel 4.01 Pembagian Pelaku . ............................................................................ 138
Tabel 4.02 Studi Fasilitas . .................................................................................... 139
Tabel 4.03 Program Ruang . ................................................................................. 147
Tabel 4.04 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang . .................................................................... 153
Tabel 4.05 Analisa Kebutuhan Parkir . .................................................................. 155
Tabel 4.06 Analisa Kebutuhan Parkir ................................................................... 156
Tabel 4.07 Analisa Kebutuhan Lahan . ................................................................. 158
Tabel 4.08 Program Sistem Struktur . ................................................................... 163
Tabel 4.09 Program Sistem Utilitas . ..................................................................... 170
Tabel 5.01 Judul Tema Desain . ........................................................................... 181
Tabel 5.02 Perbandingan Ciri Tema Desain dengan Aplikasi Pada Bangunan . ... 183
Tabel 5.03 Penerapan Teori Tema Desain . ......................................................... 187
Tabel 5.04 Judul Permasalahan Dominan . .......................................................... 189
Tabel 5.05 Pendapat Para Ahli . ........................................................................... 190
Tabel 5.06 Suhu Nyaman Menurut Standar Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis. ..... 193
Tabel 5.07 Bahan Atap dan Kenaikan Suhu . ....................................................... 198
Tabel 5.08 Aktivitas dan Kecepatan Metabolisme . ............................................... 199
Tabel 5.09 Pakaian dan Clothing Value . .............................................................. 200
Tabel 5.10 Shadding Coefficient . ......................................................................... 209
Tabel 5.11 Elemen Pelindung dan Shadding Coefficient . .................................... 210
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Tabel 5.12 Shadding Coefficient dan Berbagai Jenis Material Kaca . ................... 213
Tabel 5.13 Radiasi Matahari dan Serapan Kalor . ................................................. 214
Tabel 5.14 Radiasi Matahari dan Warna Material . ............................................... 214
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 2.01 Skema Dinamika Kehidupan Remaja . ............................................. 13
Diagram 2.02 Skema Kebutuhan Provinsi Banten akan Gelanggang Remaja . ...... 17
Diagram 2.03 Struktur Organisasi . ......................................................................... 31
Diagram 3.01 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan . ..................................... 58
Diagram 3.02 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan. ...................................... 59
Diagram 3.03 Pola Alur Ruang Keseluruhan . ......................................................... 63
Diagram 3.04 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Olahraga . ....................................................... 64
Diagram 3.05 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung . .................................................... 65
Diagram 3.06 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Seni . ............................................................... 65
Diagram 3.07 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola . ...................................................... 66
Diagram 3.08 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Servis . ............................................................ 66
Diagram 3.09 Visi dan Misi Kota Tangerang Selatan . .......................................... 120
Diagram 4.01 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan. .................................... 151
Diagram 4.02 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan . ................................... 152
Diagram 4.03 Pola Alur Ruang Keseluruhan . ....................................................... 159
Diagram 4.04 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Olahraga . ..................................................... 160
Diagram 4.05 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung . .................................................. 161
Diagram 4.06 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Seni ............................................................... 161
Diagram 4.07 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola . ................................................... 162
Diagram 4.08 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Servis . .......................................................... 162
Diagram 4.09 Skema Pemadaman Kebakaran ..................................................... 177
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.01 Perilaku Remaja . ................................................................................ 8
Gambar 2.02 Fase Rentang Waktu Usia Remaja ..................................................... 8
Gambar 2.03 Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Hiburan. .......................................................... 11
Gambar 2.04 Sub. Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Olahraga ............................................... 11
Gambar 2.05 Sub. Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Seni ....................................................... 12
Gambar 2.06 Zona Pengembangan Kota ................................................................ 18
Gambar 2.07 Peta Kota Tangerang Selatan ........................................................... 18
Gambar 2.08 Pembagian Jenis Seni di Indonesia .................................................. 28
Gambar 2.09 Peta Pembagian Administratif Kota Tangerang Selatan .................... 43
Gambar 2.10 Peta Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan ................................................. 44
Gambar 2.11 Fasilitas Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan ........................................... 44
Gambar 2.12 Peta Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro ...................... 46
Gambar 2.13 Pasar Festival Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro ....... 46
Gambar 3.01 Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool ............................................................... 90
Gambar 3.02 Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool dengan Sistem Hidrolik ........................ 90
Gambar 3.03 Pompa Hidrolik .................................................................................. 91
Gambar 3.04 Dongkrak ........................................................................................... 92
Gambar 3.05 Panggung dengan Pompa Hidrolik .................................................... 92
Gambar 3.06 Panggung dengan Dongkrak .............................................................. 92
Gambar 3.07 Denah Teater/Cinema Room .............................................................. 92
Gambar 3.08 Hukum Pascal Penerapan Pompa Hidrolik ........................................ 92
Gambar 3.09 Dinding Putar ..................................................................................... 93
Gambar 3.10 Mekanis Dinding Putar ...................................................................... 93
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Gambar 3.11 Pondasi Sumuran ............................................................................. 96
Gambar 3.12 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................................... 96
Gambar 3.13 beton pracetak .................................................................................... 96
Gambar 3.14 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 97
Gambar 3.15 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 97
Gambar 3.16 Partisi ................................................................................................ 97
Gambar 3.17 Alumunium Composite Panel ............................................................ 97
Gambar 3.18 Aquapanel ......................................................................................... 98
Gambar 3.19 GFRC ................................................................................................ 98
Gambar 3.20 Kaca Tempered ................................................................................. 98
Gambar 3.21 Kaca Laminated ................................................................................ 98
Gambar 3.22 Kaca Rayban ..................................................................................... 99
Gambar 3.23 Double Glass ...................................................................................... 99
Gambar 3.24 Kaca Bevel ........................................................................................ 99
Gambar 3.25 Plafond Gypsum ................................................................................ 99
Gambar 3.26 Plafond Akustik ................................................................................ 100
Gambar 3.27 Plafond Fiber ................................................................................... 100
Gambar 3.28 Plafond Bahan PVC ......................................................................... 100
Gambar 3.29 Lantai Vinyl ...................................................................................... 100
Gambar 3.30 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................ 101
Gambar 3.31 Lantai Granit .................................................................................... 101
Gambar 3.32 Lantai Beton Pracetak ..................................................................... 101
Gambar 3.33 Struktur Cangkang .......................................................................... 101
Gambar 3.34 Struktur Membran ............................................................................ 102
Gambar 3.35 Struktur Space Frame ...................................................................... 102
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Gambar 3.36 Struktur Folded Plate ........................................................................ 102
Gambar 3.37 Struktur Kabel ................................................................................... 103
Gambar 3.38 Struktur Space Truss ....................................................................... 103
Gambar 3.39 General/Lighting .............................................................................. 104
Gambar 3.40 Task Lighting ................................................................................... 104
Gambar 3.41 Accent Lighting ................................................................................ 104
Gambar 3.42 Lampu Taman ................................................................................. 104
Gambar 3.43 Lampu Kolam Renang ..................................................................... 105
Gambar 3.44 AC Floor Standing ........................................................................... 105
Gambar 3.45 Cross Ventilation ............................................................................. 106
Gambar 3.46 Genset ............................................................................................. 106
Gambar 3.47 Panel Surya ...................................................................................... 106
Gambar 3.48 Skema Air Bersih ............................................................................. 107
Gambar 3.49 Rain Harvesting ............................................................................... 107
Gambar 3.50 Water Healing .................................................................................. 107
Gambar 3.51 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................. 108
Gambar 3.52 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................. 108
Gambar 3.53 Bio Septic ........................................................................................ 108
Gambar 3.54 Pengolahan Sampah ....................................................................... 109
Gambar 3.55 Smoke Detector ............................................................................... 109
Gambar 3.56 Spinkler ........................................................................................... 109
Gambar 3.57Hidran ............................................................................................... 109
Gambar 3.58 APAR ............................................................................................... 110
Gambar 3.59 Tangga Darurat ............................................................................... 110
Gambar 3.60 CCTV ............................................................................................... 110
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Gambar 3.61 Access System ................................................................................ 110
Gambar 3.62 Alarm ............................................................................................... 111
Gambar 3.63 Lift ................................................................................................... 111
Gambar 3.64 Ramp ............................................................................................... 111
Gambar 3.65 Tangga ............................................................................................ 111
Gambar 3.66 Sistem Hydramatic dengan Menggunakan Hidrolik ......................... 112
Gambar 3.67Kolam Renang dengan Sistem Hydramatic ...................................... 112
Gambar 3.68 Sistem Panggung Hidrolik ............................................................... 113
Gambar 3.69 Truck Hydraulic Stages Mobile ........................................................ 113
Gambar 3.70 Water Filter ...................................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.71 Sand Filter ....................................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.72 Pompa Kolam Renang .................................................................... 114
Gambar 3.73 Peta Lokasi ...................................................................................... 115
Gambar 3.74 Zona Pengembangan Kota .............................................................. 119
Gambar 3.75 Peta Kota Tangerang Selatan ......................................................... 119
Gambar 3.76 Peta Edukasi Kecamatan Ciputat .................................................... 122
Gambar 3.77 Batas Batas Kecamatan Ciputat ...................................................... 122
Gambar 3.78 Peta RT/RW Kota Tangerang Selatan ............................................. 123
Gambar 3.79 Peta Edukasi Kecamatan Sepong ................................................... 124
Gambar 3.80 Batas Batas Kecamatan Serpong ................................................... 124
Gambar 3.81 Site Terpilih ..................................................................................... 127
Gambar 3.82 Batas Utara dekat dengan Swalayan Giant .................................... 128
Gambar 3.83 Batas Selatan Lahan Kosong dan Perumahan Kepadatan Sedang 128
Gambar 3.84 Site merupakan Lahan Kosong ....................................................... 128
Gambar 3.85 Persimpangan Jalan ........................................................................ 128
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Gambar 3.86 Ruko di Jalan Bolesna Boulevard .................................................... 128
Gambar 3.87 Saluran Drainase Kota .................................................................... 128
Gambar 3.88 Menuju ke Perumahan Kepadatan Sedang ..................................... 129
Gambar 3.89 Kondisi Site ..................................................................................... 129
Gambar 3.90 Land Use Lingkungan Tapak ........................................................... 132
Gambar 3.91 Kondisi Topografi dan Drainase Kota .............................................. 133
Gambar 3.92 Aksebiltas Menuju Tapak ................................................................ 134
Gambar 3.93 Potongan Segmen Jalan ................................................................. 134
Gambar 3.94 Data Tapak ...................................................................................... 135
Gambar 4.01 Pondasi Tiang Pancang .................................................................... 163
Gambar 4.02 Beton Pracetak .................................................................................. 163
Gambar 4.03 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 164
Gambar 4.04 Curtain Wall ....................................................................................... 164
Gambar 4.05 Partisi ................................................................................................ 165
Gambar 4.06 Aluminium Composite Panel ............................................................. 165
Gambar 4.07 Aquapanel ......................................................................................... 165
Gambar 4.08 GFRC ................................................................................................ 165
Gambar 4.09 Kaca Tempered ................................................................................. 166
Gambar 4.10 Kaca Laminated ................................................................................ 166
Gambar 4.11 Kaca Rayban ..................................................................................... 166
Gambar 4.12 Double Glass ..................................................................................... 166
Gambar 4.13 Kaca Bevel ........................................................................................ 167
Gambar 4.14 PIafon Gypsum .................................................................................. 167
Gambar 4.15 Plafon Akustik .................................................................................... 167
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Gambar 4.16 PIafon Fiber ....................................................................................... 167
Gambar 4.17 Plafon Bahan PVC ............................................................................ 168
Gambar 4.18 Lantai Vinyl ........................................................................................ 168
Gambar 4.19 Lantai Keramik .................................................................................. 168
Gambar 4.20 Lantai Granit ...................................................................................... 168
Gambar 4.21 Lantai Beton Pracetak ....................................................................... 169
Gambar 4.22 Struktur Space Frame ....................................................................... 169
Gambar 4.23 Struktur Space Truss ......................................................................... 169
Gambar 4.24 General Lighting ................................................................................ 170
Gambar 4.25 Tasks Lighting ................................................................................... 170
Gambar 4.26 Accent Lighting .................................................................................. 171
Gambar 4.27 Lampu Taman ................................................................................... 171
Gambar 4.28 AC Floor Standing ............................................................................. 171
Gambar 4.29 Cross Ventilation ............................................................................... 172
Gambar 4.30 Genset ............................................................................................... 172
Gambar 4.31 Panel Surya ....................................................................................... 172
Gambar 4.32 Skema Air Bersih ............................................................................... 173
Gambar 4.33 Rain Harvesting ................................................................................. 173
Gambar 4.34 Water Healing .................................................................................... 174
Gambar 4.35 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................... 175
Gambar 4.36 Pengolahan Limbah Padat ................................................................ 175
Gambar 4.37 Bio Septic .......................................................................................... 175
Gambar 4.38 Pengolahan Sampah ......................................................................... 176
Gambar 4.39 Skema Pengolahan Limbah .............................................................. 176
Gambar 4.40 Smoke Detector ................................................................................. 176
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Gambar 4.41 Sprinkler ............................................................................................ 177
Gambar 4.42 Hidran ................................................................................................ 177
Gambar 4.43 Apar ................................................................................................... 177
Gambar 4.44 Tangga Darurat ................................................................................. 177
Gambar 4.45 Skema Pemadam Kebakaran ........................................................... 177
Gambar 4.46 CCTV................................................................................................. 178
Gambar 4.47 Access System .................................................................................. 178
Gambar 4.48 Alarm ................................................................................................. 178
Gambar 4.49 Lift ..................................................................................................... 178
Gambar 4.50 Ramp ................................................................................................. 179
Gambar 4.51 Tangga .............................................................................................. 179
Gambar 5.01 Arsitektur Kontemporer...................................................................... 182
Gambar 5.02 Interior Grand Louvre ........................................................................ 184
Gambar 5.03 Eksterior Grand Louvre ..................................................................... 185
Gambar 5.04 Eksterior Grand Louvre ..................................................................... 185
Gambar 5.05 Perbandingan Modern dan Renaisance ............................................ 186
Gambar 5.06 Geggenheim Bilbao ........................................................................... 186
Gambar 5.07 Geggenheim Bilbao ........................................................................... 187
Gambar 5.08 Pergerakan Angin ............................................................................. 195
Gambar 5.09 Kelembaban dalam Gedung ............................................................. 197
Gambar 5.10 Shanghai Tower Gensler ................................................................... 201
Gambar 5.11 Interior dan Struktur Shanghai Tower Gensler .................................. 203
Gambar 5.12 Orientasi Bangunan Menghadap Utara dan Selatan ......................... 204
Gambar 5.13 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Ventilasi ................ 205
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Gambar 5.14 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Vegetasi ................ 205
Gambar 5.15 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Lebar Ventilasi ...... 206
Gambar 5.15 Jenis Ventilasi ................................................................................... 226
Gambar 5.29 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan ............................................... 208
Gambar 5.30 Elemen Arsitektur Sebagi Pelindung Radiasi Matahari ..................... 208
Gambar 5.31 Contoh Sun Shadding ....................................................................... 209
Gambar 5.32 Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Sebagai Pelindung Radiasi Matahari ........... 210
Gambar 5.33 Hubungan antara Vegetasi dengan Penghawaan Alami ................... 211
Gambar 5.34 Penerapan Vegetasi dalam Bangunan .............................................. 212
Gambar 5.35 Sungai Buatan di Lingkungan Bangunan .......................................... 212
Gambar 5.36 Air Mancur Buatan dalam Ruangan .................................................. 213
Gambar 5.37 Skema Radiasi Sinar Matahari Material Bangunan ........................... 213
Gambar 5.38 Bangunan dengan Material Kayu dan Beton ..................................... 215
Gambar 5.30 Penerapan Green Skin pada Kulit Bangunan .................................... 216
Gambar 5.40 Penerapan Double Skin pada Kulit Bangunan .................................. 216
Gambar 5.41 Secondary Skin yang Terpisah pada Bangunan Utama .................... 216
Gambar 5.42 Sliding Wall ........................................................................................ 217
Gambar 5.43 Detail Sliding Wall ............................................................................. 217
Gambar 5.44 Hasil Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 218
Gambar 5.45 Contoh Bangunan dengan Menerapkan Vertical Garden dan
Fotovoltaik ............................................................................................................... 218