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PP Obat

Amoxicillin

Indication & Dosage Oral

Gastroenteritis

Adult: 250-500 mg every 8 hr or 500-875 mg every 12 hr.

Child: 10 yr: 125-250 mg every 8 hr;

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Drug Interactions Increased levels with disulfiram and probenecid. Decreased effects with tetracyclines

and chloramphenicol.

Potentially Fatal: Increase effects of oral anticoagulants.

Click to view more amoxicillin Drug Interactions

Pregnancy Category

(US FDA)

Category B: Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a foetal risk but

there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have

shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in

controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later

trimesters).

Storage Intravenous: Store at 20-25C. Parenteral: Store at 20-25C.

Mechanism of Action Amoxicillin inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell

wall by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), thus inhibiting cell

wall biosynthesis resulting in bacterial lysis.

Absorption: Rapidly and completely absorbed from the GI tract with peak plasma

concentrations after 1-2 hr (oral). Not inactivated by gastric acid and presence of food does

not impair absorption.

Distribution: Widely distributed, CSF (small concentrations except when the meninges are

inflamed), bile (high concentrations); crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk (small

amounts). Protein-binding: 20%.

Metabolism: Converted to a limited extent to penicilloic acid.

Excretion: Via the urine within 6 hr by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (as

penicilloic acid and 60% unchanged drug); via the faeces. May be removed by

haemodialysis; 1-1.5 hr (elimination half-life).

MIMS Class Penicillins

ATC Classification J01CA04 - amoxicillin ; Belongs to the class of penicillins with extended spectrum. Used in

the systemic treatment of infections.

Clarythromycin


Susceptible infections

Adult: 250 mg bid increased to 500 mg bid for severe infections if necessary for 7-14 days.

Child: 7.5 mg/kg bid for 5-10 days.

CrCl (ml/min) Dosage Recommendation

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Omeprazole


Peptic ulcer

Adult: 20 mg daily as a single dose or 40 mg daily in severe cases. Treatment duration:

Duodenal ulcers: 4 wk; gastric ulcers: 8 wk. Maintenance: 10-20 mg once daily.

Hepatic impairment: Dose reduction may be necessary.

Oral

NSAID-associated ulceration

Adult: 20 mg daily. Same dose may also be used for prophylaxis of ulceration in patients

who require continued NSAID therapy.

Hepatic impairment: Dose reduction may be necessary.

Oral

H.pyloriinfection

Adult: Dose varies with regimen. As triple therapy: 20 mg bid or 40 mg once daily; requires

combination therapy with antibiotics. Therapy is given for 1 wk. Omeprazole may be

continued for another 4-8 wk on its own.Hepatic impairment: Dose reduction may be necesary.

Oral

Gastro-oesophageal refluxdisease

Adult: 20 mg once daily for 4 wk, may continue for another 4-8 wk if necessary.

Maintenance: 10 mg daily.

Child: Neonate, 1 mth-2 yr: 700 mcg/kg/day, may increase up to 3 mg/kg/day, or 20 mg

daily. >2 yr:

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provided. (No other solvent should be used). The solution should be given over a period of

at least 2.5 min at a max rate of 4 ml/minute; use within 4 hr of reconstitution. The solution

for IV infusion is obtained by dissolving 1 vial in 100 ml saline for infusion or 100 ml 5%

dextrose for infusion. The solution should be used within 12 hr when dissolved in saline

and within 6 hr when dissolved in 5% dextrose. After reconstitution, start the infusion

immediately. The constituted solution should not be mixed or co-administered in the same

infusion set with any other drug. Infusion should be given over a period of 20-30 minutes.

Administration MUPS tab: May be taken with or without food.Powd for oral susp: Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take on an empty stomach at

least 1 hr before a meal.

Cap: Should be taken with food. Take immediately before a meal.

Overdosage Confusion, drowsiness, blurred vision, tachycardia, nausea, flushing, diaphoresis,

headache, and dry mouth. Treatment is supportive; not dialysable.

Special Precautions Exclude malignancy, prolonged use, hepatic impairment. Pregnancy, lactation, children

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ATC Classification A02BC01 - omeprazole ; Belongs to the class of proton pump inhibitors. Used in the

treatment of peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Pyroxycam


Rheumatic disorders

Adult: Initially, 20 mg daily as a single dose. Maintenance: 10-30 mg in single or divided

doses.

Oral

Acute gout

Adult: 40 mg daily for 5-7 days.

Oral

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Child: 6 yr:

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(teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or

studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential

benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

in 3rd trimester or near delivery.

Category D: There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in

pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-

threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are

ineffective).

Storage Oral: Store at

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