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Vacm Zopepxogpe Jmlxoze xozbmhmv Mgxenelzajm he Kmlmzxm

Acob

Nmzmxu Pacobm# Baxnm Ceghm Ocyepxzm# Ganmg Iexze hmg Xzemge

Vupcexjmgd Jeanohep hmg Imznmpe# Jmhmg Cexjmgd Lopobmxmg

Vzoymcogpe vogumlex egiolpe jocn noggkl lo`oghozgdmg nogzghmze xmbg.loxmbg' Jozjmdme imlxaz voguojmj xegddegum lmppvogumlex egiolpe hemgxmzgum de{e jzl# pmgexmpe lzmgd nonmhme hmgkdm vonmlmemg mgxejeaxelm umgd xocmb zopepxog pobegddm voguojmjgumhe mgxmzmgum zodcmpe vozohmzmg mgxejeaxel# imlxaz vmpeog mgxmzm cmeghapep umgd xehml mholmx# lovmxbmg# pxmxp de{e hmg pmgexmpe' Vzmlxepelopobmxmg kdm jozvozmg hmcmn vonmlmemg ajmx umgd zmpeagmc'Vogocexemg ege hmvmx hedgmlmg pojmdme m`mg gxl vogddgmmg ajmx

umgd zmpeagmc' Hmcmn vogocexemg ege hecmllmg mgmcepep pexmpe zopepxogpemgxejeaxelm umgd hmxmgum hehmvmx po`mzm zoxzapvolpxei hmze cmjacmxazennelzajeacade'

Mgxejeaxelm xocmb cmnm hedgmlmg nogdajmxe jozjmdme voguolex egiolpeumgd hepojmjlmg acob jmlxoze' Vogddgmmg mgxejeaxelm umgd jozcmgdvmhm jojozmvm pxzmeg jmlxoze xozxogx hmvmx noguojmjlmg xozkmhegumzopepxogpe# lmzogm vmhm jmlxoze xozkmhe nolmgepno vozxmbmgmg heze mdmzxoxmv pzyeyo he mcmn' Lcxz jmlxoze gxl nogdke pogpexeyexmp pozegdhecmllmg vmhm znmb pmlex umgd xocmb nonvgume impecexmp vogdkemg'_gxl noghmvmxlmg dmnjmzmg pogpexeyexmp jmlxoze umgd vozgmb heke he

jojozmvm znmb pmlex he tecmumb HLE Kmlmzxm# nmlm hmxm xozpojxhelnvclmg nocmce vogocexemg ege mdmz hmvmx xozcebmx dmnjmzmgpo`mzm lopoczbmg nogdogme jmlxoze umgd xocmb zopepxog' Hmxm egehebmzmvlmg hmvmx joznmgimmx jmel jmde vogogx lojekmlmg nmvgvoxdmp vocmumgmg lopobmxmg he xegdlmx hmpmz umgd vmhm mlbezgumhebmzmvlmg hmvmx nonjmgx nogegdlmxlmg lmcexmp vocmumgmglopobmxmg lmzogm hmvmx hedgmlmg pojmdme m`mg'

Hmcmn vogocexemg ege hevmlme hmxm polghoz umgd jozmpmc hmze zolmgnohel znmb pmlex hmg hmxm cmjazmxazen nelzajeacade' Hmxm vmpeogzmtmx egmv umgd vozgmb hecmllmg ke zopepxogpe!pogpexeiexmp lcxz

jmlxozegum nogkmhe pmnvoc vogocexemg' Hmxm helnvclmg hmze poxemvznmb pmlex "=2% znmb pmlex hmze jcmg Kmgmze :668 pmnvmeHoponjoz :669' Hmxm helocanvalmg hmg hemgmcepep# pobegddmhehmvmxlmg jojozmvm lopenvcmg' Cmvazmg vogocexemg xehmlnog`mgxnlmg ehogxexmp vmpeog# ehogxexmp znmb pmlex' Poczb hmxmheepelmg lo hmcmn hmixmz epemg# bmpec vonozelpmmg zopepxogpe! pogpexeimphedmghmlmg' Hmxm heacmb hogdmg vzadzmn TBAgox pobegddm hmvmxnonvozcebmxlmg dmnjmzmg zopepxogpe jmlxoze xozbmhmv mgxenelzajm'

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Mnvepeceg hmg Vogepeceg D phmb nogdmcmne zopepxogpe 45#:/ vmhmxmbg :668 44#0/ vmhm xmbg :66? hmg 42#?/ vmhm xmbg :669"Xmjoc =.0% pobegddm xehml cmuml cmde gxl hedgmlmg hmcmnvogdajmxmg' Ymg`anu`eg nmpeb pogpexei xozbmhmv jmlxoze nonvgumezopepxogpe 9#0 / vmhm xmbg :668# :#8/ vmhm xmbg :66? hmg 8#:/

vmhm xmbg :669'

Nagexazegd voghepxzejpemg mgxejeaxelm ncme hmze vzahpog pmnvme lolagpnog gxl nogdbeghmze vogumcmbdgmmg mgxejeaxelm' Vpmxvocmumgmg lopobmxmg boghmlgum nonvgume pepxon nagexazegd hmgvonjozemg' Mgxejeaxel Vogholmxmg umgd noguoczb hmze jozjmdmevebml umgd xozlmex hogdmg vogddgmmg mgxejeaxelm vozc hecmllmg'

bxxv;!!ttt'cexjmgd'hovlop'da'eh!zepjeglop!Julu/:6Cmvazmg/:6Vogocexemg

/:6:669!vacm/:6zopepxogpe/:6jmlxoze'bxn

Nolmgepno Zopepxogpe Jmlxoze vmhmMgxejeaxelPmjxu# =: Povxonjoz :665 s 65;=4 TEJ

LANVMP'`an . Jozjmdme kogep jmlxoze pmmx ege ponmleg `ozhel nogdbmg`uzlmg lozkm

mgxejeaxel' Pocmeg exu# jmlxoze kudm nmnvu nogdbmg`uzlmg nolmgepno vozxmbmgmg mgd

pobmzupgm hevmlme mgxejeaxel ugxul nocmtmg egiolpe' Mlejmxgm nmleg jmgml jmlxoze mgd

nogegdlmx lolojmcmggm'

Vmzm vogocexe hmze _geyozpexmp Got Uazl nogdmxmlmg jojozmvm jmlxoze vmxadog jepm

nogdbmpeclmg ponm`mn gexze` areho mgd nonvzahulpe og{en mgd nonjumxgm kmhezopepxog xozbmhmv mgxejeaxel' Pocmgkuxgm# jmlxoze mgd lojmc exu hogdmg `ovmx jozlonjmgd

jeml hmg nogdbmpeclmg lacage jmzu hmg nmleg pucex hecunvublmg'

Lmzogm exu vmzm mbce jozupmbm nonjumx ajmx.ajmxmg mgd nmnvu nogdbmnjmx vzahulpe

og{en xozpojux mdmz mgxejeaxel hmvmx ponmleg lumx# jmblmg jmlxoze puvoz povozxe noxbe`ecceg.

zopepxmgx Pxzmvbuca`a``p mzop mxmu NZPM vug jepm hebmg`uzlmg'

http://www.litbang.depkes.go.id/risbinkes/Buku%20Laporan%20Penelitian%202006/pola%20resistensi%20bakteri.htmhttp://www.litbang.depkes.go.id/risbinkes/Buku%20Laporan%20Penelitian%202006/pola%20resistensi%20bakteri.htmhttp://www.litbang.depkes.go.id/risbinkes/Buku%20Laporan%20Penelitian%202006/pola%20resistensi%20bakteri.htmhttp://www.litbang.depkes.go.id/risbinkes/Buku%20Laporan%20Penelitian%202006/pola%20resistensi%20bakteri.htm

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*Nonjumx ajmx jmzu ugxul nocmtmg jmlxoze mgd zopepxog povozxe NZPM mhmcmb pojumb

xmgxmgdmg# mgd helmexlmg hogdmg jemm jopmz hmg epu lomnmgmg lopobmxmg#* lmxm Oydog

Guhcoz hmze Cmgdago Nohe`mc @ogxoz# MP'

Jmlxoze mgd zopepxog vmhm mgxejeaxel# povozxe NZPM xocmb nogkmhe nmpmcmb uxmnm lopobmxmg

hugem# hmg xocmb nonjugub pohelexgm =5'666 azmgd he Mnozelm Pozelmx poxemv xmbuggm'

Hmcmn zepox mgd hecmlulmg acob Guhcoz heloxmbue jmbtm lojmgmlmg mgxejeaxel nonjugub

jmlxoze hogdmg nonvzahulpe vmzxeloc jozjmbmm mgd helogmc pojmdme pvopeop zomlxei

alpedog mxmu arehmxei pxzop'

*Mgxejeaxel nonjumx jmlxoze nonvzahulpe cojeb jmgml kogep zomlxei alpedog' Bmc exu mlmg

nozupml HGM hmg nonjumx jmlxoze xml jepm jozxmbmg# jmblmg nmxe' Gexze` areho helocumzlmg

jmlxoze ugxul noceghugdegm hmze arehmxei pxzop#* lmxm Guhcoz mgd bmpec zepoxgm

hevujcelmpelmg hmcmn kuzgmc P`eog`o'

Lmzogm exu# noguzux Guhcoz lanvagog pegxoxep gexze` areho egbejexaz mgd jempmgm mhm vmhm

ajmx mgxe vozmhmgdmg jepm hevmlme ugxul nogduzmgde vzahulpe gexze` areho mgd hebmpeclmg

jmlxoze# hogdmg honelemg lolumxmg jmlxoze ugxul nocmtmg mgxejeaxel vug jozluzmgd' Ege

mzxegm# vmzm ecnutmg xml vozcu nog`mze mgxejeaxel jmzu'

bxxv;!!lopobmxmg'lanvmp'`an!zomh!:665!65!=:!65=4?=:9!nolmgepno'zopepxogpe'jmlxoze'vm

hm'mgxejeaxelbxxv;!!zovapexaz'ue'm`'eh!`agxogxp!lacolpe!:!2m0:65mm6`m0=?996``06h8:0j98`=0ij84656

6:'vhi

Jmbmum Zopepxogpe Mgxejeaxelm06.68.:6=6 s Jolxe.nohe`mpxazo'`an

Hemnjec hmze jozjmdme punjoz

ONMEC

sVZEGX

sZPP

Mgxejeaxelm mxmu helogmc kudm pojmdme ajmx mgxe jmlxozemhmcmb ajmx mgd hedugmlmg ugxul nogdajmxe vogmlexegiolpe mgd hepojmjlmg acob jmlxoze' Mcormghoz Iconegdvmhm xmbug =5:4 nogonulmg mgxejeaxelm mgd vozxmnmmexu vogepeceg' Poxocmb nucme hedugmlmg po`mzm ununvmhm xmbug =586# nmlm mgxejeaxelm jepm hejecmgd nozujmbhugem vogdajmxmg pozxm nogduzmgde mgdlm lopmlexmg )lonmxemg mgd hepojmjlmg acob vogmlex egiolpe po`mzm

hzmnmxep'

Mzxe mgxejeaxelm pogheze vmhm mtmcgm nozukul vmhmpogmtm mgd hebmpeclmg acob kmnuz mxmu nelzaazdmgepnomgd hmvmx nonjugub jmlxoze vogojmj vogmlex vmhmbotmg ) nmgupem' Pmmx ege jojozmvm kogep mgxejeaxelm

nozuvmlmg pogmtm pegxoxep "xehml hebmpeclmg hmze nelazazdmgepno% xoxmve kudm hmvmx nonjugubmxmu nogdbmnjmx vozxunjubmg jmlxoze' Po`mzm xolgep# {mx mgd hmvmx nonjugub jmlxoze jmeljozuvm pogmtm pegxoxep mxmu mcmne hepojux hogdmg {mx mgxenelzajm# mlmg xoxmve jmgml azmgdmgd nogojuxgm hogdmg mgxejeaxelm' Noplevug mgxejeaxelm nonvugme nmgimmx mgd pmgdmx

http://kesehatan.kompas.com/read/2009/09/12/09175126/mekanisme.resistensi.bakteri.pada.antibiotikhttp://kesehatan.kompas.com/read/2009/09/12/09175126/mekanisme.resistensi.bakteri.pada.antibiotikhttp://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/2/8a3209aa0ca315660cc30d423b64c13fb4709002.pdfhttp://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/2/8a3209aa0ca315660cc30d423b64c13fb4709002.pdfhttp://medicastore.com/index.php?mod=sendMail&page=artikel&id=302http://medicastore.com/index.php?mod=printPage&page=artikel&id=302http://medicastore.com/rss.artikel.phphttp://medicastore.com/rss.artikel.phphttp://kesehatan.kompas.com/read/2009/09/12/09175126/mekanisme.resistensi.bakteri.pada.antibiotikhttp://kesehatan.kompas.com/read/2009/09/12/09175126/mekanisme.resistensi.bakteri.pada.antibiotikhttp://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/2/8a3209aa0ca315660cc30d423b64c13fb4709002.pdfhttp://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/2/8a3209aa0ca315660cc30d423b64c13fb4709002.pdfhttp://medicastore.com/index.php?mod=sendMail&page=artikel&id=302http://medicastore.com/index.php?mod=printPage&page=artikel&id=302http://medicastore.com/rss.artikel.php

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jmgml# vogddugmmg mgxejeaxelm po`mzm jozcojebmg kudm hmvmx none`u xozkmhegm zopepxogpemgxejeaxelm'

_gxul nonmbmne `mzm lozkm mgxejeaxelm# vozcu heloxmbue hmbucu : kogep lunmg mgd jmgmlnogenjuclmg vogmlex# mexu jmlxoze ) yezup' Noplevug mhm jojozmvm jmlxoze ) yezup xozxogxu mgdhmvmx nogojmjlmg vogmlex hogdmg dokmcm mgd nezev# xoxmve jmel jmlxoze ) yezup nonvugme`mzm zovzahulpe pozxm vogojmzmg vogmlex mgd jozjohm'

Jmlxoze nozuvmlmg azdmgepno behuv jozpoc pmxu' Jmlxoze hmvmx hexonulmg he nmgm pmkm )pojmdemg jopmz xehml nogenjuclmg jmbmm mxmu nmcmb nogdugxugdlmg povozxe nepmcgmCm`xajm`eccup# mexu jmlxoze mgd behuv he upup bmcup ) nonjmgxu ugxul nog`ozgmnmlmgmg' Xoxmve mhm kudm jmlxoze mgd jozjmbmm ) nogenjuclmg vogmlex lmzogmnogozmgd xujub# jozlonjmgd jeml ) nogddmgddu iugdpe gaznmc xujub' Mgxejeaxelmoiolxei ugxul nocmtmg jmlxoze lmzogm hmvmx nonjugub azdmgepno xozpojux pozxmnogdbmnjmx vozxunjubmg mxmuvug zovzahulpe jmlxoze'

Yezup# julmg nozuvmlmg nmbcul behuv ) xehml hmvmx jozheze pogheze' Yezup nozuvmlmgvmzxeloc mgd jozepe nmxoze dogoxel mgd hejugdlup acob cmvepmg vzaxoeg' Yezup bmgm hmvmxbehuv# xunjub ) jozovzahulpe bmgm poxocmb nozolm nmpul lohmcmn poc behuv' Pojmdemgyezup hmvmx henupgmblmg acob pepxon lolojmcmg xujub pojocun nozolm nogenjuclmgvogmlex# mlmg xoxmve mhm kudm kogep yezup cmeg "povozxe yezup icu% mgd nogenjuclmgvogmlex xoxmve hmvmx becmgd hogdmg poghezegm' Yezup xehml jozomlpe xozbmhmv mgxejeaxelmpmnm polmce'

Mgxejeaxelm pokml vozxmnm hedugmlmg vmhm xmbug =586 nozuvmlmg pmcmb pmxu lonmkumg jopmzhmcmn hugem vogdajmxmg' Mlmg xoxmve vozopovmg mgd jozcojebmg xozbmhmv mgxejeaxelm nonvugme

hmnvml xozbmhmv vozlonjmgdmg jmlxoze mgd nogkmhe xehml zopvagpei xozbmhmv vonjozemgmgxejeaxelm# mgd pojocungm vozgmb jozbmpec "zopepxog%' Pocmeg exu mgml.mgml mgdnogdlagpunpe mgxejeaxelm mgd pobmzupgm xehml hevozculmg nonvugme zopela ugxul nogdmcmneoiol pmnvegd cmeg# povozxe dmgddumg vozux ) hemzo'

Zopepxogpe mgxejeaxelm pogheze mhmcmb lonmnvumg hmze jmlxoze mxmu nelzaazdmgepno cmeg ugxulnogmbmg oiol mgxejeaxelm' Zopepxogpe mgxejeaxelm xozkmhe loxelm jmlxoze hmvmx nozujmb hezepohonelemg zuvm begddm hmvmx nogduzmgde oiolxeiexmp hmze pumxu ajmx# jmbmg lenem mxmuvug {mxcmeg mgd pojocungm henmlpuhlmg ugxul nogonjublmg mxmu nog`odmb vogmlex egiolpe'Mlejmxgm jmloze xozpojux xoxmv hmvmx jozxmbmg behuv ) jozovzahulpe pobegddm nmlegnonjmbmmlmg'

Jmlxoze xozpojux hmvmx nonjogxul loxmbmgmg lbupup xozbmhmv pumxu kogep mgxejeaxelm xozxogxu#

pobegddm nonjmbmmlmg azmgd mgd xozlogm vogmlex xozpojux' Lopmcmbvmbmnmg mgd pozegdxozkmhe he nmpmzmlmx mhmgm mgddmvmg jmbtm mgd zopepxog xozbmhmv ajmx xozxogxu mhmcmb xujubazmgd# vmhmbmc pojogmzgm jmlxoze mgd mhm he hmcmn xujub xozpojuxcmb mgd nogkmhe zopepxogxozbmhmv vogdajmxmg# julmg xujubgm'

Jmbmm zopepxogpe mgxejeaxelm nozuvmlmg pmcmb pmxu nmpmcmb mgd hmvmx nogdmg`mn lopobmxmgnmpmzmlmx' Bmnvez ponum kogep jmlxoze pmmx ege nogkmhe cojeb lumx ) luzmgd zopvagpei xozbmhmvvogdajmxmg mgxejeaxelm' Jmlxoze mgd xocmb nogdmcmne zopepxogpe xozbmhmv mgxejeaxelm ege hmvmxnogojmz lo mgddaxm locumzdm# xonmg mxmuvug xoxmgddm cmeg pobegddm nogdmg`mn nmpmzmlmxmlmg bmhezgm kogep vogmlex egiolpe jmzu mgd cojeb pucex ugxul heajmxe ) cojeb nmbmc kudm jemm

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vogdajmxmggm'

Nonegun mgxejeaxelm ugxul nogdajmxe vecol mxmu vogmlex mgd hepojmjlmg acob yezup# xehml bmgmxehml joznmgimmx xoxmve kudm hmvmx nogenjuclmg jmbmm' Hmcmn kmgdlm vmgkmgd bmc ege hmvmxnonjumx jmlxoze nogkmhe cojeb pucex ugxul henupgmblmg' Vogddugmmg mgxejeaxelm mgd pozegd )xehml popume lovozcumg hmvmx nogdbmpeclmg kogep jmlxoze jmzu mgd hmvmx jozxmbmg xozbmhmvvogdajmxmg mgd hejozelmg mxmu mgd hepojux hogdmg zopepxogpe jmlxoze' Kogep jmlxoze jmzu egenonozculmg hapep mgd cojeb xegdde mxmu mgxejeaxelm mgd cojeb lumx ugxul hmvmx henupgmblmg'

Vogddugmmg mgxejeaxelm noghazagd vozlonjmgdmg jmlxoze mgd zopepxog' Poxemv popoazmgdnogddugmlmg mgxejeaxelm# nmlm jmlxoze mgd pogpexei mlmg xozjugub xoxmve jmlxoze mgd zopepxogmlmg xoxmv mhm# xunjub ) jozovzahulpe' Vogojmj uxmnm nogegdlmxgm jmlxoze mgd zopepxogmhmcmb vogddugmmg mgxejeaxelm po`mzm jozucmgd ) xehml popume zmgdo xozmve' Lug`e ugxul

nogdagxzac vogojmzmg jmlxoze mgd zopepxog ege mhmcmb vogddugmmg mgxejeaxelm po`mzm xovmx )popume zmgdo xozmve "xmlmzmg# izoltogpe hmg cmnm vogddugmmg ajmx%'

Lexm hmvmx jozvozmg po`mzm mlxei ugxul nogdbmnjmx xozkmhegm zopepxogpe jmlxoze# `mzmgm mhmcmbhogdmg nogddugmlmg ajmx mgxejeaxelm po`mzm xovmx ) popume zmgdo xozmve' Noplevug mgxejeaxelmnozuvmlmg ajmx mgd pmgdmx lumx# mlmg xoxmve mgxejeaxelm bmgm oiolxei ugxul hedugmlmg xozbmhmvvogmlex mgd hepojmjlmg acob jmlxoze ) julmg acob nelzajm cmeg povozxe nepmcgm honmn# jmxulmxmu icu' Jozelux jojozmvm xevp mgd joznmgimmx mvmjecm lexm jozajmx lo halxoz ;

Xmgmlmg mvmlmb mgxejeaxelm mgd hejozelmg joznmgimmx xozbmhmv vogmlex mgd xogdmbhehozexm pmmx ege'

Kmgdmg dugmlmg ajmx mgxejeaxelm ugxul vogmlex egiolpe mgd hepojmjlmg acob yezup povozxeicu'

Mvmjecm noghmvmxlmg mgxejeaxelm# bmzup hedugmlmg pmnvme bmjep' Kmgdmg pepmlmgmgxejeaxelm xozpojux ugxul vogdajmxmg he cmeg tmlxu'

Dugmlmg mgxejeaxelm mgd hejozelmg popume pmzmg hmze halxoz' Dugmlmg po`mzm zuxegpmnvme bmjep noplevug puhmb nozmpm pobmx' Kelm vogdajmxmg mgxejeaxelm hebogxelmgxozcmcu `ovmx# nmlm jojozmvm jmlxoze hmvmx jozxmbmg behuv ) nogenjuclmg egiolpelonjmce'

Kmgdmg dugmlmg mgxejeaxelm mgd he zopovlmg ugxul azmgd cmeg' Xozlmhmgd lmzogm nozmpm

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dokmcm vogmlex mgd hezmpmlmg pmnm# nmlm lexm nogmnmlmg vogdajmxmg hogdmg azmgdxozpojux# vmhmbmc jepm kmhe lojuxubmg xemv azmgd jozjohm'

Kelm halxoz nogenvuclmg jmbtm vogmlex lexm xehml nonozculmg vogdajmxmg mgxejeaxelm#xmgmlmg vogdajmxmg cmeg mgd hmvmx nonjmgxu nozohmlmg dokmcm mgd lexm zmpmlmg'Kmgdmg vmlpm halxoz ugxul nonjozelmg mgxejeaxelm lovmhm lexm'

bxxv;!!nohe`mpxazo'`an!mzxeloc!06:!JmbmmQZopepxogpeQMgxejeaxelm'bxnc

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