Fisika Zat Padat Pertemuan Pertama : Ceramic

Pengaruh jari-jari ion kecil pada pergerakan (pacing) ion-ion besar Bilangan koordinasi Disposisi ion-ion sekitar ion pusat Rasio jari-jari (r/R) 2 Linear0.155 - 0 3 Corners of triangle0.225 0.155 4 Corners of tetrahedron0.414 0.225 6 Corners of octahedron0.732 0.414 8 Corners of cube1.0 0.732 KOORDINASI ION-ION SEBAGAI FUNGSI RASIO JARI-JARI IONIKGEOMETRIKOORDINASI TRIANGULARGeometri koordinasi triangular ion-ion kecil (jari-jari = r)dan ion-ion besar (jari-jari = R) Bukti : rasio jari-jari (r/R) Jadi rasio jari-jari (r/R) koordinasi triangular = 0,155 0,225.

Pekerjaan rumah 1 : Buktikanlah rasio jari-jari (r/R) pada : a) Koordinasi tetrahedron (CN = 4) sebesar 0,225 0,414 ? b) Koordinasi oktahedron (CN = 6) sebesar 0,414 0,732 ? c) Koordinasi kubus (CN = 8) sebesar 0,732 1,000? JARI-JARI IONIK () IonValensiJari-jari IonValensiJari-jari IonValensiJari-jari IonValensiJari-jari Ac+31.15Br+70.39F-70.08Pb+21.24 Ag+11.22C+40.18F-11.34Pt+40.65 Ag+20.89Ca+21.00Fe+20.77Rb+11.48 Al+30.51Cd+20.99Ga+30.62Rh+30.69 Am+31.03Ce+31.13Ge+40.50S-21.83 Am+40.91Cl+70.27Hg+31.11Sb+50.62 As+30.58Cl-11.81I-12.18Sn+20.93 As+50.47Co+20.76K+11.33Ta+50.68 At+70.62Co+30.63Li+10.69Ti+40.65 Au+11.37Cr+30.64Mg+20.69U+60.82 Au+30.85Cr+60.45Mn+40.53V+50.53 B+30.20Cs+11.70N+30.16W+60.62 Ba+21.35Cu+10.96Na+11.02Y+30.95 Be+20.43Cu+20.72Nd+31.04Zr+40.81 Bi+30.93Dy+30.92Ni+20.72CO3 -21.31 Bi+50.74Er+30.97O+60.10OH-11.33 Br-11.96Eu+30.98O-21.39NH4 -11.74 Pekerjaan rumah 2: Predict the coordination number (bilangan koordinasi) and crystal structure for the ions solids CsCl and NaCl? Use the following ionic radii for the prediction :Cs+ = 0,170 nm;Na+ = 0,102 nm; Cl- = 0,181 nm

INTRODUCTION : FERROELECTRIC MATERIAL APPLICATION BST/PZT, IR SENSOR, SATELLITEFerroelectric material perovskite structure (PZT/BST)(a) Up Polarization(b) Down Polarization (a) (b) FERROELECTRIC/PYROELECTRIC MATERIAL 1 and0 = binary Use at room temperature, Wide range of response frequency, Quick response in comparison with other temperature sensor, High quality materials for pyrosensor is unnecessary. Merit of BaxSr1-xTiO3 and PbZrxTi1-xO3 based pyrosensor compared to other infrared sensor materials, such as semiconductors are : Lattice constants of BaxSr1-xTiO3

and PbZrxTi1-xO3 ferroelectric ceramic using XRD method Flow diagram on research Methodology PTZT ferroelectric ceramic 5.3020 gram lead titanate (PbTiO3, 99 %] A pellet pressing by the presser at 31.43 MPa for15 minutes and sintering by furnace at 850oC for 10 hours. Preparation DC Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering (UBMS) method 12 grams of PTZT bulk. Mixing by bowl of polishing for 6 hours. 12 grams ofPTZT powder Analyzingand characterizing : the structure (XRD Diano type 2100E), morphology surfaceand films thickness (SEM JEOL type JSM-35C). PTZT thin films ofPt (200)/ SiO2/Si(100) substrate Stop 0.0600, 0.1200, 0.1296, 0.1800 gram tantalum oxide [Ta2O5, 99,9 %] 6.6980 gram lead zirconate [PbZrO3, 99,7 %] Spectrum XRD PTZT (1), sin 2 u d =(2)where : d = interplanar spacing; a, b, c = the lattice constants; h, k, l = the planes indices; = wave length (Cu element = 1.54056 ); u = angle of diffraction. Analytic method for cubic 22 2 221al k hd+ +=Perhitungan lengkap dari konstanta kisi dari target PZT didadah 1.08 % Ta2O5 (PTZT) menggunakan metode analitik struktur kubik Puncak2u (deg.) u (deg.) Sin2 u(Sin2 u)/2(Sin2 u)/3(Sin2 u)/4(Sin2 u)/5 121.8510.9250.035880.017940.011960.008970.00718 231.1015.5500.071800.035890.023930.017950.01436 338.3519.1500.107510.053750.035930.026880.0215 444.5522.2750.143540.071770.047850.035890.02871 550.1525.0750.179440.089720.059810.044860.03589 655.3027.6500.215160.107580.071720.053790.04303 764.4032.2000.283700.141850.093260.070930.05674 868.3534.1750.315250.157630.105080.078810.06305 973.1036.5500.596220.177170.118110.088580.07087 Puncak2u (deg.) u (deg.) (Sin2 u)/6(Sin2 u)/Ash k l 121.8510.9250.005981.0000011 0 0 231.1015.5500.011972.0009921 1 0 338.3019.1500.017922.9962931 1 1 444.5522.2750.023924.0006342 0 0 550.1525.0750.029915.0011152 1 0 655.3027.6500.035865.9966362 1 1 764.4032.2000.046637.7975682 2 0 868.3534.1750.052548.7862693 0 0 973.1036.5500.059069.87568103 1 0 untuk memperoleh nilai konstanta kisi dengan menggunakan hubungan . Jadi nilai konstanta kisi struktur kubuk untuk material PZT doping 1,08 % Ta2O5) diperoleh sebesar : a = Cu/(2\A) = 1,54056/(2\0,03589) = 4,066 .(1), sin 2 u d =(2)where : d = interplanar spacing; a, b, c = the lattice constants; h, k, l = the planes indices; = wave length (Cu element = 1.54056 ); u = angle of diffraction, o = h2 + k2; = l2;o = 10 sin22u; A = D/10; B = 2/(4c2); C = 2/(4a2); A, B, C = numeric number. We carry out A, B, C using Cramer method..12222 22clak hd++=Cohen method for tetragonal 2 22 22 2sin ,sin , ,sin ,C B AC B AC B Ao u o o oo u o oo u oo o o = + += + +`= + +) (3)No Puncakh k l 2uuoo2 1.1 0 021,610,80110 2.1 1 031,515,75240 3.1 1 138,819,40241 4.2 0 044,722,354160 5.2 1 050,225,105250 6.2 1 155,427,705251 7.2 2 065,232,608640 8.3 0 070,235,109810 9.3 1 073,636,80101000 E320 Perhitungan lengkap dari konstanta kisi dari target PZT didadah 1 % Ta2O5 (PTZT) menggunakan metode Cohen (struktur tetragonal) No 2o Sin22uSin2uoo2 1.000,13551570,03511181,3551571,836450 2.000,27300480,07367992,7300487,453159 3.120,39263230,11033103,92632315,41602 4.000,49476410,14460034,94764124,47915 5.000,59025960,17994525,90259634,84064 6.150,67755350,21607816,77553545,90787 7.000,82406000,29027408,24060067,90748 8.000,88525660,33063108,85256678,36793 9.000,92028330,35882939,20283384,69214 E27360,9008 No oo oo sin2u sin2uo sin2u 1.01,3551570,035111800,0475819 2.05,4600950,147359800,2011497 3.3,9263237,8526470,22066200,11033100,4331953 4.019,790560,578401100,7154302 5.029,512980,899725801,0621435 6.6,77553533,877671,08039060,21607811,4640449 7.065,924802,322191702,3920314 8.079,673102,975679402,9269332 9.092,028333,588292703,3022459 E10,701858335,475311,8478150,326409112,5447559 11,847815 320 7 335, 4753000, 3264091 7 2 10, 701858 .12, 5447559 335, 475300 10, 701858 360, 900800C B AC B AC B A= + += + +`= + +)Untuk memperoleh bilangan numerik A, B, C dipecahkan dengan metode Cramer, maka diperoleh bilangan numerikC = 0,0035726585 dan B = 0,035501007.Selanjutnya diperoleh konstanta kisi PZT doping1 % Ta2O5 (PTZT) untuk : a = Cu/(2\C) = 1,54056/(2\0,035726585) = 4,075 ;c = Cu/(2\B) = 1,54056/(2\0,035501007) = 4,088 ; c/a ratio = 1,003No Puncakh k l 2uuoo2 1.1 0 021.85 2.1 1 031,10 3.1 1 138,35 4.2 0 044,55 5.2 1 050,15 6.2 1 155,30 7.2 2 064,40 8.3 0 068,35 9.3 1 073,10 E Pekerjaan Rumah ke -2Perhitungan lengkap dari konstanta kisi dari target PZT didadah 1,08 % Ta2O5 (PTZT) menggunakan metode Cohen (struktur tetragonal). No 2o Sin22uSin2uoo2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. E No oo oo sin2u sin2uo sin2u 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. E