Perekonomian MIST dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia

Oleh :Dr. Telisa Aulia FaliantyDosen FEUI dan Macroeconomist EC-Think IndonesiaPerekonomian MIST dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi Syariah di IndonesiaOutlineIstilah MISTMengapa MIST pentingPerkembangan dan Profil MISTTantangan yang dihadapi MISTDampak MIST untuk perekonomian IndonesiaKeadaan Perekonomian Masa Kini serta Proyeksi di Masa yang Akan DatangStrategi Perekonomian Nasional Ke Depan

1.Istilah MISTIstilah MIST dipopulerkan oleh ekonom Goldman Sachs yaitu Jim ONeill sekitar tahun 2011Jim ONeill adalah ekonom Goldman Sachs yang juga mempopulerkan istilah BRIC pada tahun 2001MIST menjadi alternatif investasi selain BRIC yang menjadi incaran bagi para investorMIST terdiri dari Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, dan Turki

1.Istilah MIST

Indonesia Economic Observation 2011-2012, Kemenko dan Bank Indonesia2.Mengapa MIST pentingAkronim-akronim seperti BRIC. MIST, N11, EAGLE banyak digunakan oleh para investor asing dan lembaga-lembaga internasional untuk memberikan pengelompokan negara tujuan investasi di dunia agar lebih mudah diingat dan populerDalam kasus BRIC, label BRIC ternyata berdampak signifikan. Penamaan yang tadinya hanya sebutah theoretical construct ternyata telah meningkatkan pentingnya BRIC sebagai pemain global 3.PERKEMBANGAN DAN PROFIL MISTMEXICO, INDONESIA, SOUTH KOREA, TURKEY

BRICS and MIST

Profil Perekonomian TurkiMemanfaatkan lokasinya yang mencakup Timur Tengah dan Eropa, Turki telah menjadi kunci titik transit untuk minyak dan gas dan menawarkan akses yang luar biasa ke pasar di Eropa, Caucausus,Asia Tengah, dan Timur Tengah. Turki telah mengalami pertumbuhan berkelanjutan yang substansial sejak mengubah ekonomi sekitar tahun 2001. Hari ini, Turki adalah ekonomi terbesar ke-17 dunia, dan anggota Kelompok G20Profil Perekonomian TurkiTurki memiliki signifikansi Turki sebagai hub untuk transportasi minyak dan gas dapat disebabkan oleh saling memperkuat faktor lokasi dan desain. Turki merupakan jembatan Eropa dan beberapa terbesar pemasok energi di dunia. Turki Bosphorus Strait, menghubungkan Laut Hitam dan Laut Mediterania, adalah lokasi kunci di mana ekspor perjalanan dan merupakan salah satu alasan untuk Turki penting sebagai pusat transit energi.Profil Perekonomian TurkiTurkeys position as one of the worlds next big emerging economies has become unassailable in the past fifteen years. Unlike the aging populations that characterize other economic powers in the region, Turkey enjoys a demographic distribution that is extremely favorable to growth, and it will soon be benefitting from the demographic dividend of a young population in much of the same way that countries like China and Brazil are at present. And Turkeys population is not just young; at around 79 million it represents a sizable domestic market in itself.

Another critical difference between Turkey and other regional powers is its relatively small debt-to-GDP ratio, currently hovering at around 40 percent. All of these factors combined to generate a record $22 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) in the lead up to the 2008 global financial crisis. This impressive level of FDI was no anomaly: Turkey has the metrics of an economic power in waiting. (Fillingham, 2012;in Geopolitical Monitor)Profil Perekonomian MexicoGDP 1.231 Triliun dolar (2012)Pertumbuhan ekonomi : 5-6% (2010)GDP per kapita : $15,782 (2012)Inflasi : 3.6%GDP sektoral : Agriculture (3.9%), Industri (32.6%), Jasa (63.55%)Gini Coefficient : 51.7

Profil Perekonomian MexicoAngkatan kerja : 78.2 juta (2012)Tingkat pengangguran : 6.2%Ranking Ease of Doing Business : 48Main exports partners : US, Canada, RusiaMain imports partners : US, China, South KoreaPublic debt : 36.9% dari GDPCredit rating : Fitch (Stable BBB)

Profil Perekonomian MexicoMexico has a strong demographic foundation for future economic growth; something it shares with many of the other MIST countries. With a population of over 112 million, Mexico has a sizable pool of labor to draw on, and critically, this labor pool is overwhelmingly young. Currently, there arenine children for every elderly person in Mexico. And unlike most of the developed world, Mexicos population is still growing. It reported a population growth rate of over one percent last year.

Profil Perekonomian MexicoMexico is also uniquely placed to pick up the slack in global manufacturing as wages in China rise and reduce its competitiveness in the field of low value-added production. The average manufacturing wage in Chinasurpassed that of Mexicoearlier this year, and Mexico also benefits from reduced shipping costs to the critical US market owing to its geographic position and NATO membership. These manufacturing advantages have translated into Mexico claiming an ever-larger slice of the US overall imports pie- Mexican imports amounted to 12% of US total imports last year, up from 10% in 2009.(Fillingham, 2012;in Geopolitical Monitor)

Profil Perekonomian Korea SelatanPopulation: 48,860,500Age Structure:0-14 years:15.1% 15-64 years:73% 65 years and over:11.9% GDP: $1.116 trillionGDP Composition by Sector: Agriculture: 2.6% / Industry: 39.2% / Services: 58.2%Major Exports: semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicalsTransparency.Org Corruption Ranking: 43rd (globally)

Profil Perekonomian Korea SelatanSouth Korea is somewhat of an exception within the MIST countries, but not for any lack of economic dynamism. It stands apart because it can, in many respects, already be considered a developed economy, and it is often classified as such by everyone from the lowly student to the massive bureaucracy like the OECD.

By most indications, South Korea is a developed economy: it boasts a per-capita income of US $27,000, its economy is export-driven and powered by high value-added manufacturing, and it has mature political institutions that help reduce corruption.

Profil Perekonomian Korea SelatanSouth Koreas advanced position on the economic development arc means that its population is also substantively different than otherMIST countries. It is the smallest population in the club and thus represents the smallest domestic market, and in terms of age distribution it is markedly older than the other MISTs. It should also be noted that the rapid graying that historically follows a demographic dividend will be more pronounced in South Korea. It has a population growth rate of just 0.2% (176th in the world) and is known for having some of the strictest immigration laws within the OECD.(Fillingham, 2012;in Geopolitical Monitor)4.Tantangan yang Umum Dihadapi oleh Perekonomian MISTMasalah korupsiMasalah inflasiMasalah narkoba (terutama untuk Mexico)Masalah infrastruktur (terutama untuk Indonesia)Sustainable and Inclusive Growth

5.Dampak MIST terhadap Perekonomian IndonesiaAda beberapa alasan Indonesia dimasukkan ke dalam MIST Perkembangan ukuran perekonomianTingginya pasar di domestikResiliensi pertumbuhan ekonomiPertumbuhan kelas menengahStruktur demografi (penduduk muda dan produktivitas tinggi)Relatif stabilnya kondisi makroekonomi

5.Dampak MIST terhadap Perekonomian IndonesiaSejauh mana penamaan ini berdampak ditentukan oleh performance perekonomian Indonesia dan bagaimana Indonesia menjawab berbagai tantangan dalam perekonomianTerutama iklim investasi dan infrastruktur

6.Keadaan Perekonomian Indonesia Terkini dan Proyeksi Perekonomian Indonesia ke depannya

Berdasarkan survei UNCTADIndonesia menduduki peringkat 9 sebagai negara tujuan FDIHasil ini merupakan hasil survey kepada eksekutif dari Trans National Corporation dari negara berkembang dan negara maju6.Keadaan Perekonomian Indonesia Terkini dan Proyeksi Perekonomian Indonesia ke depannya

Indonesia Economic Observation 2011-2012, Kemenko dan Bank Indonesia6.Keadaan Perekonomian Indonesia Terkini dan Proyeksi Perekonomian Indonesia ke depannya

Indonesia Economic Observation 2011-2012, Kemenko dan Bank Indonesia7.Strategi Perekonomian Nasional ke DepanMP3EIPendulum NusantaraPenyatuan Zona WaktuRedenominasi Rupiah