Peranan Tokoh Dalam Proses Penjelajahan

8/18/2019 Peranan Tokoh Dalam Proses Penjelajahan

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4.0 PERANAN TOKOH-TOKOH DALAM PROSES PENJELAJAHAN DAN PENEROKAAN

4.1 MARCO POLO

Marco polo berasal dar !e"ce# $al. Se%sa 1& $a'%" bela% $ela' da(a) ole' bapa"*a# Ncolo

da" bapa sa%dara"*a# Ma++eo Polo %"$%) )e s$a"a K%bls K'a" d K'a"bal) *a", )" d)e"al

seba,a e(",. Per(ala"a" ere)a ber%la pada $a'%" 1/1 M elal% pa"$a Med$erra"ea"#

T%r) da" elal% (ala" dara$.

Marco Polo berasal dar e"ce# 2$al. ela% e"*er$a bapa"*a# Noccolo Polo da" bapa

sa%dara"*a Ma++eo Polo )e C'"a pada $a'%" 1/1 )e$)a ber%sa 1 $a'%". E)speds )el%ar,a

Polo " ber)a$ rapa$ de",a" )eadaa" *a", berla)% asa $%. Pada a3al abad )e-1# p%a)

Mo",ol bersa$% d ba3a' pp"a" 5e",'s K'a" 6117-1//8. Mere)a c%ba e"cerobo'

C'"a da" %$ara Asa. Me"(ela", $a'%" 1/41 5e",'s K'a" e"%b%')a" epa*ar *a",

ere"$a", '",,a )e sepada" Eropa' 6 dar C'"a '",,a )e T%r Te",a' da" sapa )e

Pola"d da" H%",r*8. eberapa ora", d%$a beberapa b%a' "e,ara Eropa' *a", $erdr darpada

pader-pader d%$%s )e Kara)or%# b% )o$a Mo",,ola "$%) berb"ca", de",a" )e$%a Mo",ol

de",a" 'arapa" p%a) Mo",ol dapa$ dp%(%) %"$%) e"*er$a Eropa' Krs$a" dala

pepera",a" e"e"$a", Epa*ar 2sla d ba3a' )%asa T%r). Na%" %sa'a ere)a ,a,al

%"$%) e"(al" '%b%",a" dploa$) de",a" Mo",ol. Jala" lal%a" ere)a "la' d,%"a)a" ole'

sa%da,ar-sa%da,ar seper$ d%a ad) berad) dar e"ce# Ma++eo da" Nccolo Polo. Dala

per(ala"a" ere)a# ere)a $ela' ber$e% de",a" %$%sa" dar Mo",ol *a", e"(ep%$ ere)a

)e C'"a. Mere)a sapa )e e(", 6 asa $% d)e"al seba,a K'a"bal)8 e"(ela", $a'%"

1/79.Mere)a dla*a" de",a" ba) ole' Ma'ara(a C'"a asa $% a$% K%bla K'a" 6 c%c%

5e",'s K'a"8. Ta'%" 1/7: ere)a )ebal )e e"ce de",a" eba3a s%ra$ persa'a$a"

dar K%bla )'a" %"$%) Pa%s. . Mere)a e"(ad pe",'%b%", '%b%",a" dploa$) a"$ara K%bla

K'a" de",a" Eropa'.

Pada $a'%" 1/1 Marco Polo e"*er$a bapa da" bapa sa%dara"*a )e C'"a. 2"la' sala' sa$%

pela*ara" pe"(ela(a'a" *a", $era,%", pada sepa"(a", ;aa" *a", ea)a" asa selaa /4

$a'%". Marco Polo eba3a cer$a $e"$a", )e)a*aa"# )e"da'a" da" per)ara-per)ara ,a"(l

pada pe",l'a$a""*a sepa"(a", pe"(ela(a'a""*a $% $e$ap $da) dperca*a ora",. Marco Polo

e"e% ba"*a) per)ara d C'"a *a", bel% d)e$a'% ole' ora", Eropa'.


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ora", C'"a $ela' e"cp$a serb%) le$%pa" *a", d,%"a)a" %"$%) eb%a$ b%",a ap#

eb%a$ b%)% berce$a) de",a" e",,%"a)a" blo) )a*% ber%)r# ere)a eb%a$ 3a",

)er$as 6 dea *a", $da) as%) a)al ba, ora", Eropa'8. Marco Polo (%,a elapor)a" $e"$a",

ba$% '$a s$er *a", d)ore) da" dba)ar seper$ )a*% ap 6 ba$% ara",8. Marco Polo (%,a

e"ca$a$)a" per)ara pel) *a", dl'a$"*a seper$ a$a ar *a", e",el%ar)a" "*a) *a",

pa"as# )ab", br-br besar *a", ep%"*a $a"d%) ber,%l%",. Ca$a$a""*a (%,a e"*e"$%'

$e"$a", per$a"a"# per$%)a",a" d $epa$ *a", berla"a"# pe"d%d%)# a,aa da" ada$ resa

6 $eras%)la' $e"$a", s%$era# 'ala seba,a ba'a" repa' *a", pedas# )%"*$ seba,a perasa

a)a"a" da" pe"cel%p asl# $a"a' *a", d,%"a)a" %"$%) eb%a$ $eb)ar8. Ha"*a beberapa

abad )e%da" bar%la' bara",a" " sapa )e ara$.

K%bla K'a" $er$ar) de",a" Marco Polo lal% e",abl"*a e"(ad 3a)l s$a"a. Marco

eb%a$ s dploas )e Ta"a' Mela*%# S%a$era# Tbe$ da" Ce*lo" ba, p'a) K%bla K'a".

ela% (%,a ela3a$ 2"da da" %ra da" eb%a$ ca$a$a" $e"$a", "e,ara-"e,ara $erseb%$.

Ke$)a bela% berada d S%a$era Marco Polo $ela' eb%a$ beberapa ca$a$a". ela% sapa

d Pasa pada $a'%" 1/:/. Pasa pada asa $% dper"$a' ole' ra(a Pasa *a", )e-1/ a$%

S%l$a" Abd%l Jall al-Mal)%l Sale' 61/7-1008. Sela" s",,a' d Pasa# bela% (%,a ela3a$

Perla). ela% e"ca$a$)a" ba'a3a =pe"d%d%) ba"dar"*a e",aal)a" a(ara" M%'aad#

seda",)a" ere)a *a", 'd%p d )a3asa" b%)$ 6'llsde8 as' 'd%p seba,a 'a3a" 6lar#

,ear a)a" da,", a"%sa da" pelba,a (e"s da,", la"# 'alal a$a% 'ara8>. Ke%da"

bela% e",%"(%", asa" *a", pe"d%d%)"*a da",,ap $da) e",e"al %"da",-%"da",

)ec%al %"da",-%"da", rba da" ere)a e",a)% berada d ba3a' peer"$a'a" K%bla

K'a"# $e$ap $da) per"a' e",'a"$ar %+$ )epada"*a ole' )era"a ere)a $",,al (a%' da" $da)

%",)" ora", Mo",ol a)a" da$a", )e "e,er ere)a. D ba"dar Saara p%la# Marco Polo

sepa$ $",,al selaa e"a b%la" %"$%) e"a"$ p%$ara" a",". D sa"a bela% e")a$

se(e"s "%a" =$%a)> *a", db%a$ dar po)o) a"a%. Ko"o""*a selaa d Saara $% da da"

robo",a""*a d$epa$)a" dala seb%a' )e da" d)a3al )e$a$ s%pa*a ere)a $erselaa$

darpada ,a",,%a" pe"d%d%) *a", ,ear a)a" da,", a"%sa. Selepas $% bela% ela3a$

ba"dar Da,ro" 6Pedr se)ara",8 *a", e"%r%$"*a per"a' dl'a$"*a %pacara =ca""bals$c>

6a)a" da,", sesaa a"%sa8 d ba"dar $%. Ke%da""*a da $ba d Labr# seb%a' ba"dar

pelab%'a" *a", )a$a"*a ep%"*a ra)*a$ *a", aa$ a"e' a$% ere)a ep%"*a e)or.

A)'r"*a bela% e",%"(%", ba"dar ?a"s%r# seb%a' ba"dar *a", $er)e"al de",a" )ap%r

bar%s"*a *a", ber%$% $",,.


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Seba,a seora", Krs$a" *a", 'd%p pada @aa" Per$e",a'a" da" leb'-leb' la, pada

;aa"-;aa" a)'r Pera", Salb 610:-1/:/8# pa"da",a""*a *a", be,$% b%r%) $er'adap

pe"d%d%) S%a$era $erseb%$ $da)la' e",'ara")a" sa",a$. R%pa-r%pa"*a dar ca$a$a"-

ca$a$a" Marco Polo la' *a", $ela' eb%)a a$a ba, ora",-ora", ara$ %"$%) e"(ela(a'

N%sa"$ara.

Kel%ar,a Polo ber)'da$ %"$%) K%bla K'a" selaa 1 $a'%". Pada $a'%" 1/:/ ere)a

)ebal )e e"ce elal% Pars de",a" e"a) (o", C'"a. Dar Hor%s ere)a e",)%$

(ala" dara$ )e Treb;o"d da" )e%da" bela*ar )e e"ce elal% Ko"s$a"$"ople. Per(ala"a"

p%la", " ea)a" asaselaa $a'%" da" seasa sapa d e"ce ere)a $ela'

e",ebara selaa /4 $a'%". Marco $ela' ber%%r : $a'%" )e$)a $%.la berla)%

pepera",a" a"$ara e"ce da" 5e"oa# Marco Polo d$a3a" seasa eper$a'a")a"

ba"dar"*a. Seasa dpe"(ara# Marco Polo e"cer$a)a" pe",alaa""*a )epada R%s$c'ello

*a", )e%da" e"erb$)a" b%)% ber$a(%) =T'e Tra!els or Marco Polo>.%)% " ba"*a)

epe",ar%' pe"(ela(a' )e%da" seper$ C'rs$op'er Col%b%s.

Pada $a'%" 17& ora", C'"a ebero"$a) ela3a" peer"$a' Mo",ol da" ela"$)

a'ara(a se"dr da" e",'ala", )eas%)a" pela3a$ Eropa'. Ja%' d ba'a,a" ara$ ora",

Mo",ol $ela' eel%) 2sla da" $da) e"*ab%$ ba) )eda$a",a" ora", Krs$a". De",a" $%

(ala" dara$ )e T%r $er'ala", se%la.

Mes)p%" 3%(%d lapora" Marco Polo# "a%" $"da)a" $da) dabl se'",,ala' abad )e-19

apabla ora", Por$%,s %la ,,' ber%sa'a %"$%) e"car p%"ca )e)a*aa" d T%r *a",

e"(ad le,e"da $er%$aa"*a repa'.


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4./ CHR2STOPHER COLOM


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$ela' e"e% (ala" )e $%r. Selepas b%la" berada d 2"da# bela% )ebal )e Por$%,al

de",a" 99 ora", a"a) )apal da" dsab%$ seba,a 3ra. Per(ala"a" p%la","*a )e Por$%,as

e",abl asa b%la" leb' laa dar pela*ara" seasa per,. asco da 5aa

ela"car)a" sa$% la, e)speds perda,a",a" )e 2"da pada $a'%" 190/ . Pada $a'%" 19/4

bela% )ebal )e 2"da seba,a 3;%ra %"$%) eer"$a' )olo" Por$%,al *a", bar% $e$ap

ala","*a bela% e"",,al d%"a se(%r%s sapa )e s$%.

4.4 ?ERD2NAND MA5ELLAN

Pada $a",,al 10 o,os 191:# Ma,ella" bela*ar )e bara$ ddap", ole' )ep$e" J%a" sebes$a"

del ca"o da" seora", pe"%ls dar $al *a", ber"aa p,a+e$$a. Pe"%ls "la' *a",

e",sa')a" per(ala"a" Ma,ella" da" Sebas$a" del ca"o e",ell", d%"a *a",

eb%)$)a" ba'a3a b% $% b%la$ seper$ bola.

Pada $a'%" 19/0# se$ela' e"*ebera", sa%dra pas+)# sapala' robo",a" Ma,ella" d

)ep%la%a" assa!a. Kep%la%a" " )e%da" d ber "aa ?lp"a# e",abl "aa ra(a

sepa"*ol# P'lps 22.

Dala s%a$% per$ep%ra" ela3a" ora", ac$a"# Ma,ella" ,%,%r 6/ aprl 19/18. A)ba$

pers$3a $% robo",a" ber,e,as e"",,al)a" ?lp"a dpp" ole' Sebas$a" del ca"o#

e"%(% )ep%la%a" Mal%)%.

Ma,ella" da",,ap seba,a ora", besar dala d%"a pela*ara" )era"a e"(ad ora", *a",

per$aa )al ber'asl e",ell", d%"a. Ra(a sepa"*ol eber 'ada' seb%a' $r%a" bola

b%. Pada $r%a" bola b% $% dll$)a" p$a ber$%ls)a" Be",)a%la' *a", per$aa )al e",$ar

dr)%.


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Peranan Tokoh Dalam Proses Penjelajahan

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