PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH ( sp...
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PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus sp.) PADA TANAMAN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabika L.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma harzianum Rifai dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) SKRIPSI Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Strata 1 (S-1) Jurusan Agronomi AGUNG SETYO NUGROHO NIM. 201410200311159 JURUSAN AGRONOMI PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN PETERNAKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2019
Transcript of PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH ( sp...
PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus sp.)
PADA TANAMAN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabika L.) DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma harzianum Rifai dan Vesicular-Arbuscular
Mycorrhiza (VAM)
SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan
Mencapai Derajat Strata 1 (S-1)
Jurusan Agronomi
AGUNG SETYO NUGROHO
NIM. 201410200311159
JURUSAN AGRONOMI PROGRAM STUDI
AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
PETERNAKAN UNIVERSITAS
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................ i
SURAT PERNYATAAN.................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vi
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xii
RINGKASAN ..................................................................................................... xiii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ xiv
I. PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 5
1.3. Tujuan................................................................................................... 5
1.4. Hipotesis ............................................................................................... 6
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................. 7
2.1. Tanaman Kopi (Coffea sp.) .................................................................. 7
2.1.1 Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) ................................. 8
2.2. Penyakit Busuk Akar Tanaman Kopi ................................................... 9
2.2.1. Jamur Akar Cokelat (Phellinus noxius) ......................................... 10
2.2.2. Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) .............................................. 14
2.3. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu................................................................ 16
2.3.1. Pengendalian Hayati dan Konsep Pengendalian Hayati ................ 17
2.3.2. Klasifikasi Trichoderma sp............................................................ 19
2.3.3. Trichoderma harzianum Rifai ...................................................... 20
2.3.4. Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) .................................... 22
2.3.5. Fungisida........................................................................................ 26
2.4. Media Perbanyakan Agensi Hayati ...................................................... 26
2.4.1. Zeolit .............................................................................................. 27
2.4.2. Jagung Sebagai Media Tanaman Inang Mikoriza.......................... 27
2.4.3. Jagung Sebagai Media Padat Perbanyakan Trichoderma .............. 28
2.4.4. Sekam Padi Bakar .......................................................................... 28
III. METODE PENELITIAN .............................................................................. 29
3.1. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .............................................................. 29
DAFTAR GAMBAR
No. Gambar Halaman
1. Phellinus noxius Tumbuh di Batang Pohon Hutan Hujan Sumber :
Brooks, F.E. (2002); Bartz, Faith (2007) ................................................ 10
2. Siklus Penyerangan Penyakit Phellinus noxius (Aan, et al., 2002)........ 13
3. Siklus Hidup Jamur Basidiomycota (Campbell et al., 2003).................. 14
4. a. Hifa Rigidoporus sp. b. Sterigma c. Basidiospora (Hardiyanti, S.,
Bonny Poernomo, B. S., Titiek Siti, Y. 2017) ........................................ 15
5. Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Indrayoga, P. E., et al., 2013) a. Konidia, b.
Fialid ....................................................................................................... 21
6. Gigaspora Perbsaran 4000x Mikroskop (Prasetyo, B., et al., 2010) ...... 25
7. Denah Penelitian ..................................................................................... 33
8. Isolat Trichoderma harzianum Rifai koleksi Laboratorium Agronomi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang...................................................... 34
9. Sampel Akar Tanaman Kopi. Sumber : Sumber Manjing Wetan, Desa
Arjokuncaran. Kab. Malang, Jawa Timur, Indoneisa. ............................ 36
10. Makroskopis Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) Hasil Isolasi Pada Akar
Tanaman Kopi ........................................................................................ 37
11. Mikroskopis Perbesaran 40x Lensa Okuler a. Hifa Jamur Akar Putih
(Rigidoporus sp.) b. Sterigma c. Basidiospora. Hasil Isolasi Pada Akar
Tanaman Kopi ........................................................................................ 37
12. Tanah Vesicular-Arbuskula Mycorrhiza (VAM) Koleksi Laboratorium
Agronomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang .................................... 37
13. Alat Dan Bahan Penelitian...................................................................... 83
14. Perbanyakan Trichoderma harzianum Rifai........................................... 84
15. Perbanyakan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) ....................... 85
16. Proses Isolasi Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus Sp.) Pada Akar Tanaman
Kopi Yang Sakit ..................................................................................... 86
17. Pengujian Di Lapang .............................................................................. 88
18. Hasil Pengamatan Secara Mikroskopis .................................................. 90
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DAFTAR TABEL
No. Tabel Halaman
1. Klasifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (Redecker, 2013; INVAM,
2018)......................................................................................... 25
2. Kandungan Zat Gizi pada Jagung (Wahyudi, 2006) .............................. 27
3. Kandungan Sekam Padi (Harsono, 2002)............................................... 28
4. Kombinasi Dua Faktor dan Pengelompokan Perlakuan ......................... 31
5. Rata-rata Tinggi Tanaman Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit
Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ...................................................... 46
6. Rata-rata Tinggi Tanaman Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit
Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ....................................................... 49
7. Rata-rata Jumlah Daun Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit
Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ....................................................... 50
8. Rata-rata Tingkat Serangan Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit
Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ........................................ 51
9. Rata-rata Tingkat Serangan Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum
Rifai dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Terhadap Serangan
Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ........................................ 53
10. Rata-rata Berat Segar Total Tanaman Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma
harzianum Rifai dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)
11.
Terhadap Serangan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ........ 54
Rata-rata Berat Kering Total Tanaman Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma
harzianum Rifai dan Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)
Terhadap Serangan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ........ 55
12. Rata-rata Tingkat Infeksi Akar Akibat Pemberian Vesicular-Arbuscular
Mycorrhiza (VAM) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih
(Rigidoporus sp.) .................................................................................... 57
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
No. Teks Halaman
1. Hasil Analisis Ragam Tinggi Tanaman .................................................. 75
2. Hasil Analisis Ragam Jumlah Daun ....................................................... 76
3. Hasil Analisis Ragam Tingkat Serangan ................................................ 77
4. Hasil Analisis Ragam Berat Segar Total Tanaman ................................ 78
5. Hasil Analisis Ragam Berat Kering Total Tanaman .............................. 79
6. Hasil Analisis Ragam Pesenstase Tingkat Infeksi Akar ......................... 80
7. Hasil Analisis Ragam Jumlah Spora Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
(VAM) .................................................................................................... 81
8. Hasil Analisis Ragam Jumlah Spora Trichoderma harzianum Rifai ..... 82
9. Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................................... 77
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13. Rata-rata Jumlah Spora Akibat Pemberian Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
(VAM) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.)
.................................................................................... 58
14. Rata-rata Jumlah Spora Akibat Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum RIfai
Terhadap Serangan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus sp.) ........ 59
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3.2. Alat dan Bahan ..................................................................................... 29
3.3. Rancangan Percobaan........................................................................... 30
3.3.1. Denah Penelitian ............................................................................ 33
3.4. Pelaksanaan Penelitian ......................................................................... 34
3.4.1. Perbanyakan Fungi ........................................................................ 34
3.4.2. Persiapan Tanam ............................................................................ 38
3.4.3. Pemeliharaan.................................................................................. 39
3.4.4. Penyulaman.................................................................................... 39
3.5. Variabel Pengamatan............................................................................ 39
3.5.1. Tinggi Tanaman ............................................................................. 39
3.5.2. Jumlah Daun .................................................................................. 39
3.5.3. Tingkat Serangan ........................................................................... 40
3.5.4. Berat Segar Total Tanaman ........................................................... 40
3.5.5. Berat Kering Total Tanaman ......................................................... 41
3.5.6. Persentase Infeksi Akar dan Jumlah Spora Vesicular-Arbuscular
Mycorrhiza (VAM) ........................................................................
42
3.5.7. Jumlah Spora Trichoderma harzianum Rifai................................ 43
3.6. Analisis Data ........................................................................................ 44
IV. HAS IL DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................................... 45
4.1. Hasil...................................................................................................... 45
4.1.1. Tinggi Tanaman ............................................................................. 45
4.1.2. Jumlah Daun .................................................................................. 49
4.1.3. Tingkat Serangan ........................................................................... 50
4.1.4. Berat Segar Total Tanaman ........................................................... 54
4.1.5. Berat Kering Total Tanaman ......................................................... 55
4.1.6. Persentase Infeksi akar dan Jumlah Spora Viscular-Arbuscular
Mycorrhiza (VAM) ........................................................................
56
4.1.7. Jumlah Spora Trichoderma harzianum Rifai................................ 58
4.2. Pembahasan .......................................................................................... 59
V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................... 64
5.1. Kesimpulan........................................................................................... 64
5.2. Saran ..................................................................................................... 64
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 65
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 75
