Human Density InfluenceThe Human Life

The uncontrolled human population will cause many

problems in their own life such as disturbing food, fresh air, fresh water supply, and also can be damage the environment.

1. Human Density Influence Fresh Water Supply

Water is absolute resources and needed in our daily life. Before we talked about condition and problem about water that result by inhabitant explosion, let’s see this scheme about distributing water in the earth first.

A big part of fresh water that we use comes from land water, surface water, and rainwater. The availability of that water is dependent of atmospheric water/rainwater. We have known if the water in the world is constant. We also know if the inhabitant growths always increase. These two things that always contradictory will appear many serious problems because the fresh water supplies are very-very limited.

Increasingly of inhabitant density, will also make increasingly their daily needs. Many industries appear in numbers spring up to fulfil their own needs. These industries activity needs much water. We can imagine if we must snatch fresh water with machines. Beside that, the unsmooth geographical distribution and uncontrolled inhabitant growth will cause in equilibrium water supply that very difficult to overcome.

2. Human Density Influence Fresh Air Supply

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Pay attention with two pictures. Now, please imagine the picture number one. Supposing if you are standing there now, what is your feeling when you are breathing. Now, please imagine the picture number two. Supposing if you are standing there now, what is your feeling when you are breathing. That illustration will deliver you to understanding

the influence of human density of the fresh air supply. In one day, we inhale and eject the air as much as 13.630 liter. That fresh air comes from trees and forest. Trees and forest is the earth lungs.

The air cleanliness not only known by the oxygen degree. The air also consist other gas except oxygen like carbon dioxide

(CO2), oxygen sulphur (SOx), and oxide nitrogen, (NOx). If the gas contents increase, the air becomes unclear again. That incident also called air pollution. Pay attention this tabel above!

Tabel 1

Gas % Volume ppmNitrogenOxygenArgonCarbon DioxideNeonHeliumMethaneKryptonHydrogenCarbon Monoxide

78,120,9

0,9340,0330,0020,00050,00020,00010,000050,00001

---

33020521

0,50,1

Other gas less than 0,1 ppmSource : Kimia SMU jilid 2

Data of atmosphere pollutant gas:

Tabel 2

Gas Main Source

Emission toThe air for one year(million

ton)

Longstanding in the air

Degree(year 1995)

CO Incineration of Earth Oil 2.000 6 month 0.2 ppmCO2 Incineration of Forest 5.500 100 month 350 ppmNO Incineration of Earth Oil 50 A few days 0.05 ppm

SO2Manufacture of Sulphide

ore 200 A few weeks 0.05 ppm

CFC Refrigerator, AC, perfume 1 60 years 0.003 ppmSource : Kimia SMU jilid 2

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Increasingly the settlement, industrial, and transportation utensil that use benzene or solar for its fuel, will make degree of CO2

in the air increasingly too. The CO2 gas comes from incineration, and result of organism respiration. The industry activity also causes air pollution because those industries produce residual substance like SOx and NOx. That thing above make the fresh air supply decreasingly. And the dirty air increasingly.

3. Human Density Influence The Broken Environment

The human life nucleated in the home, school, and office. Because of it, those places must be safe and health for the human. Now those place do not save and health again. Even now, those places become killer place. Especially on the develop country. The main cause is the poisonous substance that entered the environment. That substance comes from pollution source that unaware can threaten our life.

Air PollutionAtmosphere or air layer around the earth consist of many

layer like onionskin. Almost all (95%) air mass found in lowest layer (Troposphere) that has thickness 17 km above the earth surface. The composition of dry air in the troposphere layer can be look in tabel 1. The air in troposphere layer also consist water vapour in the variation sum, from 0, 01% in dry desert and 5% in the humid tropical area.

The modern human activity has been throwing the pollutant gas to the atmosphere in million ton for one year. These gases include oxide carbon, oxide nitrogen, oxide sulphur, and CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons) compound. That gas comes from car, motorcycle, industry activity, factory Chimney, forest Incineration, and house hold utensil like refrigerator, Air Conditioner, perfume, etc.Besides ejected the pollutant gas, vehicle muffler also vomit out soft dust and metal-timbal (Pb) that very poisonous.

Carbon Monoxide In the fresh air, CO gas degree only about 0,1 ppm.

Nevertheless, muffler of vehicle has been multiplying CO degree in the air. If those gases overstep limit, it can cause a lot of negative effect for the human health. Such as:

Degree 100 ppm can cause headache, tired, and vomit Degree 250 ppm can cause unconscious Degree 750 ppm can cause death in a few hours Degree 1000 ppm can cause instant death

CO gas has ability to bind in hemogoblin, complex compound protein-iron in the blood that uses to carry the O2 from lungs to cardiac and whole body. Bind power of hemogoblin to CO gas is 200 times stronger than O2.

Hb + O2 HbO2

Hemogoblin Oksihemogoblin

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Greenhouse

Smog

Hb + CO HbCO Hemogoblin Karboksihemogoblin

CO source is incomplete incineration from Refined Fuel Oil. For example is octane that form of benzene component. The reaction is:

2C8H18(g) + 1702(g) 16CO(g) + 18H2O(g)

We can restrain or decrease the CO gas in the air by: Do not smoke in the limited place like in the bus or car

because the cigarettes incineration incomplete. Do not switch on the car in the close place like garage

because can cause multiply the CO degree in that room. Do not switch on car’s Air Conditioner in the quiet

condition. Change the fuel with nature gas or alcohol. Use cattails in the muffler that can change CO gas

become CO2

Carbon Dioxide CO2 gas in the normal degree not called the pollutant gas. CO2

needs by plant for photosynthesis. The CO2

gas comes from forest burning, result of organism respiration, the volcano explosion, and result of fermentation.

CO2 gas needs to keep the earth temperature. Sun energy that reflex by earth in the infrared light endured by CO2

molecule, then reflex back again in the earth surface to keep the earth stay warm. However, if the CO2 gas in the air increase, the infrared light that reflex in the earth surface become increase its intensity. In addition, if accumulated continuously will cause the earth temperature increase and appear a new problem, The Global Heating. The global heating will liquefy north and south polar and make the climate alteration.

Oxide Sulphur SO2 and SO3 in the atmosphere a big part come from result of

earth oil incineration and coal that consist of sulphur. Some of them also come from result of oxidation Sulphide ore in the industry. Air that consist SO2 and SO3 with high enough degree can cause throat and lungs inflamed. Concentration limit SO3 and SO3 that still save to consume as long 24 hours is 0, 14 ppm. 50% of SO2 that consist in the air come from decaying organic substance in the land or sea. SO2 and SO3 gases can be reacted with humid air and produce acid. Wind that blow will take the acid to the far place and spread by rain. That scene called acid rain.

Nitrogen Compound Sum of vehicle in the big city

cause a kind of air pollution shaped thin

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reddish brown fog that called smog (smoke and fog). Los Angles city is the smoggiest city in the world. Smog consist mixture of oxide nitrogen and ozone in high degree. In the morning when the traffic is busy, car’s muffler releases NO gas to the atmosphere. This gas made from N2 and O2 reaction when the air enter fuel cylinder room to burn the benzene. NO that release to the air then oxidised become NO2 that shaped reddish brown fog. In the day, the ultraviolet of sun cause some NO2 experience disentangling, produce free oxygen atom that next reacted by O2 to produce O3

(ozone).Mixture of NO2 and O3 called smog. This fog can cause many

diseases. In the evening, O3 and NO2 concentration become decrease because experience disentangling.

CFC Compound The CFC gas often use as cooler, promoter, and sprayer.

Increasingly of CFC, will make our ozone damage. On October 5th, 1989, a satellite captured the photo of ozone layer around the south polar. Many scientists surprised because the ozone hole is very big. If there is no ozone anymore in the south and north polar, the life in the earth will extinct.

Land Pollution Land pollution is entered the pollutant shaped liquid or solid in

the land. That liquid or waste is house waste, industrial waste, agriculture waste, etc. Land pollution can kill microorganism (decomposer), animal, and break the food chain. Some of pollutant consist of heavy metal like battery, mercury, etc that can penetrate to the land. Heavy metal (Mercury, Lithium, cadmium) can damage the nerve formation also make physical defect in organism even death.

Water Pollution Water pollution is entered the pollutant into the water. That

pollutant can shaped liquid waste, or solid waste that come from factory, industry, agriculture, hospital, etc. Impact of water pollution is:

A. Extinct the organism in the water ecosystemB. Fish and other water animal that befouled can poison people

that eat it. For example, causes sprayer with insecticide DDT (dikhlor difenil trikhloroetana), the river is pollution. DDT enters into algae. Then, a small fish eat that poisoned algae until that DDT enters the small fish body. After that, the small fish eaten by the bigger fish until that DDT enters this fish. People that eat that big fish can die. Therefore, the pollutant substance walked follows the food chain. As long, as follow the food chain, the concentration of pollutant will become higher. The DDT concentration in the water is low. That concentration increases on algae, more increase on first

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Ozone Hole

level consumer, etc. that scene called “pemekatan hayati.” It means the pollution can kill the consumer in the high trofic.

4. Human Density Influence The Food Supply

In his book, “Essay on the Principle of Population,” Thomas Robert Maltus” wrote: “Food has important character in the human life. Human growth faster than the food. The human growth follows the measure row, but the food growth follows the counting row.” The statement above showed increasingly the inhabitant growth; also make increasingly the food needs. If the inhabitant growth uncontrolled, it will make consequences the food supply exhausted and people become hunger. Finally, the human population will end.

How about our country condition? To fulfil the food need, our country must import. Even we success to produce our food alone from 1984 to 1996. But in economic crisis in 1998, Indonesian rice import reach 21.7% from world rice total import. If the human food need average in one year is 180 kg and sum of Indonesia inhabitant is 231.326.092 people (based US Census Bureau International Data Base, 2002), we can estimate the Indonesia food needs now.

If 10% of Indonesian territory (area of Indonesia mainland is 1.811.831 km2, based US Census Bureau International Data Base, 2002) filled by rice plant and for every hectare produce 4,5 ton rice, how many million ton of rice that can be produce by Indonesia? From result above, Indonesia doesn’t need to import the rice. Even we’re surplus of rice.

5. Conclusion

After we read and examine the article above, we can conclude that the uncontrolled human growth will make many serious problems. Besides that, the development of technology also damages the world. Many people are of opinion if technology can make the life become easier. However, most of them don’t mind the side effect. They don’t know if that technology can damage their own live. It doesn’t mean if we may not use the technology. We may. But, we must maintain the application that we use. The uncontrolled technology application can make our life become harder.

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