PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI - Share...
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PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI(Engineering, Manajemen dan Industri)
Sritomo W Soebroto
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Sritomo W.SoebrotoLaboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem KerjaJurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberSURABAYA
Instruksional Objective• Memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah pertumbuhan
disiplin keilmuan Teknik Industri, logical reasoningprocess perkembangannya di masa depan.p p g y p
• Memberikan gambaran umum konsep-konsep dasardalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri.
• Memberikan konsep dasar, logika berpikir dan metode-metode yang dipakai dalam disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.
• Memberikan konsep dasar berpikir secara sistemik danpola pemecahan masalah secara komprehensif dan
i l j di i i di i li T k ik I d i &
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optimal yang menjadi ciri disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.
• Memperkenalkan teknik-teknik peningkatan produktivi-tas, efektivitas dan efisiensi industri.
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Agenda
Engineering &Engineering & Manajemen
Industri, Manajemen Industri dan Bisnis
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Proses (Pendekatan CIMOSA)
Engineers or Managers?(Teknolog atau Ekonom)
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Engineering, Mathematicians & Economists?
Engineers solve problems, but so do mathematicians.l b d d
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Engineers analyze, but so do statisticians and economists.Engineers design systems, do others ?
(Wayne C. Turner, et.al. Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2003)
Engineering ?• Ingenium• Ingeniators• Military Engineering >< Civil Engineering
“The profession in which a knowledge ofmathematical and natural sciences gained bystudy, experience and practice is applied withjudgment to develop ways to utilize
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judgment to develop ways to utilize,economically, the materials and forces ofnature for the benefit of mankind”
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Engineering ?The profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment
t d l t tili i ll th t i lto develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology – ABET, 1993)
Includes the application of these mathematical and scientificprinciples to the planning, design, construction, operation, andmaintenance of products, systems, and large fixed work that serve
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y ghumankind; as such it also includes the management of suchactivities, research and development related to such output, and theeducation of persons who will be responsible for these myriadforms of activity.
Basic Engineering ProcessProblem Symptom(Expression of Need)
Problem Definition(Statement of Desired Outcome)
Analysis(Including Experimentation)
SynthesisOf Alternative Design Solutions
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Decision(selection of the best alternative)
Solution, System, Product, Process or Method
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Engineering Process• General activities : (1) Solve problems,
(2) Analyze problems, (3) Design Systems ( ) y p ( ) g y(Synthesis/Creativity/Innovative, etc.).
• Analysis : menguraikan persoalan dalam elemen-elemen dasarnya (detail), dan terkait dengan existing systems.
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• Synthesis : kebalikan dari analysis, meng kombinasikan elemen-elemen menjadi satu kesatuan sistem yang terintegrasi, dan terkait dengan new/improved systems.
Engineering Product Design
Engineering Research
Engineering(By Function)
Development
Design(Engineering & Industrial Design)
Production, Mfg & Maintenance
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Sales, Marketing & Distribution
Commercialization(Economic)
In In
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The Engineering Design ProcessINPUTS
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Needs ?Engineering
Design Process A Better Worldfor Us ?
Skills and Qualities Needed for Engineering Profession
• Good and math skillsSt ti t kill
• Quantitative skills• Technical competency• Strong time management skills
• Mechanical aptitude• Good common sense• A strong desire for
organization and efficiency
• Excellent communi-cation/ salesmanshipCreative problem solving
• Technical competency• Continuous drive for
improvement• Listening skills
• Negotiation skills• Ability to adapt to
many environments, wear many hat and interact
with a diverse group of
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• Creative problem solving• Inquisitive mind• Continuous desire to learn
g pindividuals
• Leadership skills• Ethics
• Passion for improvement, etc.
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Management
Engineering VS Management ?
Engineering
Engineering Management
• Problem terdefinisikan jelas• Sub-sistem material• Penuh dengan faktor/variableserba pastiA i b l k
• Problem tidak bisa didefinisikan jelas
• Sub-sistem manusia• Banyak berhadapan dengan f kt / i bl
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• Asumsi berlaku secara kontinyu
• Data bisa dikembangkan baik• Keputusan diambil secaraanalitis
faktor/variable• Asumsi tidak berlaku kontinyu• Data base tidak lengkap• Keputusan lebih banyak diambilberdasarkan intuisi
Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers
Position Engineer Manager
1. Focus - More concerned with things - More concerned with people.technical/scientific.
2. Decision Making - Makes decision with much - Makes decision often with inadequatei f ti d diti f i f ti d diti f
(P. Morrison, “Making Managers of Engineers”, Journal of Management Engineering, Vol.2, No. 4, 1986)
information, under conditions of information, under conditions ofgreater certainty. greater uncertainty.
3. Involvement - Works on tasks and problem - Directs the work of others to goals.solving personally.
4. Process Outcome - Work based on facts with - Work based on fewer facts, lessquantifiable outcomes. measurable outcomes.
5. Effectiveness - Depends on personal technical - Depends on interpersonal skills in expertise, attention to detail, communication, conflict management,mathematical/technical problem getting ideas across, negotiating andsolving and designing. Coaching.
6. Dependency - Experiences role as autonomous. - Experiences role as interdependent.
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p y p p p7. Responsibility Individual accomplishment in one - Many objectives at once, requiring
project, task, or problem at a time. orchestrating a broad range of variables and organizational entities.
8. Creativity - Creative with products, design, - Creative with people and organizationsand materials.
9. Bottom Line - Will it work? - Will it make/save money for organiza-tion?
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Sains, Rekayasa & Teknik Industri
Attributes Rekayasa(General Engineering)
Teknik Industri(Industrial Engineering)Sains
Obyek
Yang Dihasilkan
Ukuran Kinerja
Ukuran Nilai
Sistem Alamiah(Natural)
Teori/Pengetahuan
Sistem Buatan Sistem Integral(Mikro/Makro)
Kebenaran
Mutlak(absolute)
Produk/Proses
Manfaat(Benefits for Mankind)
Relatif
Nilai Tambah(Value Added)
Produktivitas, Efektivitas dan Efisiensi
Kontekstual
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Diawali/Diakhiri Dengan :
Profesi
(absolute)
Keingin-Tahuan(Curiousity)
Ilmuwan(Scientist)
Insinyur(Engineer)
Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)
Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)
Insinyur, Manager &Leader
Industri?
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What is Industry?
INDUSTRY is the way ofsatisfying our needs and
Profit
Services
wants by using the basicresources of men, materials,
and money
Goods
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Profit
Private EnterpriseFree Enterprise
CapitalismWE LIVE IN
AN INDUSTRIAL WORLD
Labor
Land Capital
industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksi
Industri
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….. industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksiakan diselenggarakan …..
Aktivitas produksi …. sekumpulan aktivitas yang diperlukanuntuk merubah satu kumpulan masukan (inputs) menjadi produk luaran akhir (finished goods output) yang memiliki nilai tambah
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Proses Produksi“Bl k B ”
Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi
“Black Box”
- Formulasi Problem yang Menjadi Tanggung-Jawab Profesi
Teknik Industri- Proses Transformasi (Fisik &
Non-Fisik)- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi &
InputsFinished Goods Output
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- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi & Ekonomis)
- Aktivitas Produktif >< Non-Produktif
Waste
Finished
Diagram Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi
Value Added (Functional & Economical)
Goods ProductsProses Produksi
* Factory* Hospital* Bank/Insurance* Transportation/Distribution* Dan Lain-Lain
Services
. Material
. Human
. Machines/Equipment
. Information
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Waste,Defects, etc
. Information
. Energy
Transformation Process(Fisik & Non-Fisik)
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Type of Modern Industry ?Manufacturing
Services &Consultation
Distribution & Transportation
Consultation
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Information
“Diagram Sistem Industri”
Proses Manajemen
Environment
StandardPerformance* Quality* Costs* Time
Finished Goods Products
Services
. Material
. Human
. Machines/
* TimeDelivery
Proses Produksi
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Waste,Defects, etc
ServicesEquipment. Information. Energy
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Long TermM d l K jIncome
Aktivitas ProduksiDitinjau dari ProsesAliran Uang
Proses Produksi/Operasional(Proses Konversi Uang Menjadi Produk yang Memiliki Nilai Tambah)
TaxDividends Bhn Baku Tenaga
KerjaEnergi Informasi,
dllCapital(Depresiasi)
Long TermCapital Assets
Modal Kerja(Working Capital)
Income(Before Tax)
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( g j y g )
Proses Distribusi & Pemasaran/Penjualan(Proses Konversi Produk Menjadi Uang)
Finished Goods Product
Where are yourmanufacturing costs
hiding?
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Mass Productionis the Key to IndustrializationEli Whitney – the father of massproduction
Henry Ford developer ofthe “moving assembly line”
Interchangeable partsare exactly alike
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Produce more productsin a shorter time period
GNP(Gross National Product)
A Device Used to Measure
GNPGOODS + SERVICES =Prices of
Produced
Prices of
Provided
the Economic Output of a Country
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PRODUCTIVITYThe Goods and Services Produced by a Country
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Productivity May Rise or Fall
Produktivitas, Unit Costs & Daya Saing
P2 UC1
P CP1 UC2
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t1 t220021997
t11997
t22002
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Four Tasks of Industrial Management
PLANNINGPreparing the Future
Objectives and Goals ofjthe Company
DIRECTINGSupervising the Workers
While They Carry Outthe ObjectivesCONTROLLING
I i Th t All O ti
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ORGANIZINGDeciding What ActivitiesMust Be Done to MeetEstablished Objectives
Insuring That All Operationsand Activities
Conform to the Plans
Seven Aspects of Successful Industry
Management
Manpower
Employees who use machines and materials tomake the productTools and equipment
to produce the product
Plan, Organize, Direct andEvaluate/Control Industrial Operations
Money
Buys facilities & materials
Machines
ALL SEVEN ASPECTSARE EQUALLY
IMPORTANT AND ESSENTIAL
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yand pays employees
MaterialsBasics from whichproducts are madeMethods
Processes used by employees
to make the product
Markets
Where the productis sold by the industry
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Interaksi Proses Perancangan Produk, Proses Produksi, Proses Pemasaran dan
Aspek Finansial
FiFinance
R & DEngineering
Marketing
Fund
R
eque
st
dget
ingCustomer Needs
Product Design
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Production/Manufacturing
Bu
Pendekatan Business Process CIMOSA(Computer Integrated Manufacturing for Open System Architecture)
S Di i S S Di B i
Manage Process
Set Direction Set Strategy Direct Business
DevelopProduct/Service Get Order Fulfill Order Support Product
Core Business Process
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Human ResourcesManagement
FinancialAccounting
InformationTechnology
MaintenanceManagement
Support Process
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Pendekatan BP-Cimosa
Manage Process
Core Business Process
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Support ProcessSupport Process
BP – CIMOSACBP : Develop Product/Sevices
St t i d b• Strategi perancangan dan pengembanganproduk
• Memahami pentingnya voice of customer danmenterjemahkannya ke dalam parameter -parameter teknis dalam rancangan produk (QFDMethods).
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• Tahapan-tahapan perancangan produk daritahap pencarian ide, konsep sampai dengantahap komersialisasi.
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BP – CIMOSACBP : Get Order
• Strategi pemasaran• Manajemen pemasaran• Sigi pasar sebagai bagian dari strategi
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pemasaran
BP – CIMOSACBP : Fulfill Order
• Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dan• Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dan sistem produksi
• Teknik tata cara dan pengukuran kerja• Perencanaan fasilitas dan kapasitas produksi• Perencanaan dan pengendalian produksi/
i l
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operasional• Strategi perencanaan – Supply Chain• Teknik-teknik optimasi (operation research)
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BP – CIMOSACBP : Support Product
• Customer service & satisfaction• Customer relation management
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BP – CIMOSASP : Human Resources Management
• Organisasi dan management industri• Manajemen SDM
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BP – CIMOSASP : Financial & Accounting
• Analisa biaya• Analisa ekonomi teknik• Manajemen keuangan
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BP – CIMOSASP : Information Technology
• Peranan teknologi informasi dalam mendukung proses produksi
• Strategi implementasi teknologi informasi di industri
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informasi di industri
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BP – CIMOSASP : Maintenance Management
• Peranan maintenance management dalam proses produksi
• Reliability engineering
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• Implementasi maintenance management
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Tugas # 1• Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan proses nilai tambah (added
value) itu? Jelaskan dengan beberapa contoh (masing-masingminimal tiga) yang bisa dijumpai di sebuah industri manufakturminimal tiga) yang bisa dijumpai di sebuah industri manufakturdan/atau jasa (service).
• Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan produktivitas itu? Apa kaitannyaproduktivitas sebuah negara dengan kemampuan daya saing yangbisa diberikan dalam konteks persaingan global? Jelaskan jawabansaudara. Bagaimana pengamatan saudara mengenai kemampuandaya saing industri nasional kita?
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• Industrial & Management engineer is synonymous with systemsintegrator ( a big picture thinker, in other words). It’s an employeewho takes what exists today and conceptualizes what exist in thefuture). Jelaskan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan kalimat tersebutdiatas dan kompetensi apa yang bisa digunakan untuk mendukungperan tersebut diatas?