MAKALAH

Neraca MassaPROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA

SABUN DAN DETERGENT

Disusun oleh :

Nama : M. DERRY ADHATUL AKBARYOGI GUSTARIAWAN PDosen Pembimbing:

Ir. Nyayu Zubaidah M.SiJurusan Teknik Kimia

Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

2013/2014

NERACA MASSA INDUSTRI SABUN

(CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg CH3COOH CH3COOH NaOH 600 kg

H2OH2O

H2O = 800 kg

C3H5(OH)3

CH3COONa

H2O H2O

Gambar 1. Blok Diagram Industri Sabun

1. Neraca Massa pada Hidrolizer

(CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg CH3COOH ....?

H2O.?

H2O = 800 kg

C3H5(OH)3 ....?

H2O....?

( (CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1,1 ton x 1000 kg = 1100 kg = 5,045 kmol 1 ton 218 kg/kmol

( H2O = 0,8 ton x 1000 kg = 800 kg = 44,44 kmol

1 ton 18 kg/kmol

( Reaksi 1 (Fat Splitting )

(CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3 CH3COOH + C3H5(OH)3M : 5,045 kmol44,44 kmol

- -

B : 5,045 kmol15,135 kmol 15,135 kmol 5,045 kmol

S : - 29,305 kmol

15,135 kmol 5,045 kmol

Mr : - 18 kg/kmol 60 kg/kmol 92 kg/kmol

kg - 527,49 kg 908,1 kg 464,14 kg(CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg CH3COOH = 908,1 kg

H2O =527,49 kg + H2O = 800 kg + 1435,59 kg

1900 kg

C3H5(OH)3 = 464,14 kg

Tabel Neraca Massa pada Hidrolizer

KomposisiInput Output

kg kmolkgkmol

(CH3COO)3C3H511005,045--

H2O80044,44527,4929,305

CH3COOH--908,115,135

C3H5(OH)3--464,145,045

Total 190049,4951899,7349,485

2. Neraca Massa pada High Vacum Still (63,24%) CH3COOH = 908,1 kg (36,74) H2O = 527,49 kg + H2O (5%) .?

CH3COOH (95%).?

A 1435,59 kg C

(100%) H2O.? B

Dalam high vacum still tidak terjadi reaksi, karena di dalam high vacum still ini hanya terjadi distilasi (pemisahan). Neraca massa total 1435,59 kg = B + C

B = 1435,59 kg C

Neraca CH3COOH 63,25% x A = B + 95%

63,25 x 1435,59 = 0 B + 95

100 100

908,1 = 0,95 C

C = 955,89

Neraca H2O 36,74% x A = 100%B + 5%

36,74 1435,59 = 100 B + 5

100 100 100

527,49 = B + 0,05 C

B = 1435,59 kg C

B = 1435,59 kg 955,89

B = 480,05

CH3COOH = 95 x 955,89 = 908,0955 ( 908,1 100

H2O = 5 x 480,05 = 24,00

100

(63,24%) CH3COOH = 908,1 kg (36,74) H2O = 527,49 kg + H2O (5%) = 24,00 kg

CH3COOH (95%) = 908,1 kg A 1435,59 kg C 932,1kg

(100%) H2O = 24 kg B

Tabel Neraca Massa pada High Vacum Still

KomponenInput (kg)Output (kg)

BC

CH3COOH908,1-908,1

H2O527,49480,0524,00

Total 1435,591412,15

3. Neraca Massa pada Mixer

NaOH = 600 kg

CH3COOH = 908,1 kg

Pada blender tidak terjadi reaksi, hasil yamg keluar dari mixer di masukkan ke dalam blender dengan kecepatan rendah sehingga campuran lebih homogen.

( 50% NaOH = 0,3 ton x 1000 kg= 300 kg = 7,5 kmol

1 ton 18 kg/kmol

( CH3COOH = 15,135 kmol( Reaksi II (Fat Splitting)

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

M : 15,135 kmol 7,5 kmol - -

B : 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol

S : 7,635 kmol - 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol Mr : 60 kg/kmol - 81 kg/kmol 18 kg/kmol

kg : 458,1 kg - 607,5 kg

135 kg NaOH = 600 kg

CH3COOH = 908,1 kg

Tabel Neraca Massa pada Mixer

KomposisiInput Output

kgkmol kgKmol

CH3COOH908,115,135458,17,635

NaOH3007,5--

CH3COONa--607,57,5

H2O--1357,5

Total 1208,122,6361200,622,635

NERACA MASSA INDUSTRI DETERGENT CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg

H2O = 800 kg

H2SO4.SO3

C3H5CH3COO CH3COOH

C3H5(OH)3

H2O

H2SO4

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H

H2O

NaOH

C3H5OH CH3COOC3H5.SO3H

H2O

Air

C3H5OH

CH3COONa

H2SO4

H2O

CH3COONa

Gambar 2. Blok Diagram Industri Detergent

1. Neraca Massa pada Alkilator

CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1000 kg

H2O = 800 kg +

1800 kg

H2O..?

CH3COOH?

C3H5(OH)3.?

Pada industri detergent di asumsikan dengan basis 1 ton bahan baku.

( (CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1 ton x 1000 kg = 1000 kg = 4,587 kmol

1 ton 218 kg/kmol

( H2O = 0,8 ton x 1000 kg = 800 kg = 44,444 kmol

1 ton 18 kg/kmol (CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3 CH3COOH + C3H5(OH)3 M :4,587 kmol 44,444 kmol -

-

B :4,587 kmol 13,761 kmol 13.761 kmol 4,587 kmol

S : - 30,683 kmol

13.761 kmol 4,587 kmol

Mr : -

18 kg/kmol 60 kg/kmol 92 kg/kmol

kg -

552,3 kg 825,7 kg 422 kg

CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1000 kg

H2O = 800 kg + 1800 kg

H2O

= 552,3 kgCH3COOH= 825,7 kg

C3H5(OH)3= 422 kg +

1800 kg

Tabel Neraca Massa pada Alkilator

KomponenInputOutput

KmolKgKmolKg

(R-COO)3C3H5 4,5871000--

H2O44,44480030,683552,3

CH3COOH-- 13.761825,7

C3H5(OH)3--4,587422

Jumlah 49,031180049,0311800

2. Neraca Massa pada settler 1 H2O (30,68%) = 552,3 kg

CH3COOH (45,87%) = 825,7 kg

C3H5(OH)3 (23,44%) = 422 kg

1800 kg

C3H5(OH)3 (35%)..? CH3COOH (65%).....?

(100%)H2O?Di dalm settler 1 tidak terjadi reaksi, karena settler digunkan untuk pengadukan. Neraca massa total 1800 kg = B + C

B = 1800 kg C

Neraca CH3COOH 45,87% x A = B + 65%

45,87x 1800= 0 B + 65

100 100

825,7 = 0,65 C

C = 1270,3

Neraca H2O 30,68% x A = 100%B + 0 C

30,68 x 1800 = 100 B

100 100

Neraca C3H5(OH)3 23,44% x A = 0B + 35% C

23,44 x 1800 = 35 C

100 100

C = 1205,7

CH3COOH = 65 x 1270,3 = 825,69 ( 825,7 100

C3H5(OH)3 = 35 x 1205,7 = 421,99 ( 422 100

A H2O (30,68%) = 552,3 kg

CH3COOH (45,87%) = 825,7 kg

C3H5(OH)3 (23,44%) = 422 kg

1800 kg

C

C3H5(OH)3 (35%) = 422 kg CH3COOH (65%) = 825,7 kg + 1247,7

B (100%)H2O = 552,3 kg

Tabel Neraca Massa pada Settler 1KomponenInout (kg)Output (kg)

BC

CH3COOH825,7-825,7

H2O552,3552,3-

C3H5(OH)3 422-422

Total 18001800

3. Neraca Massa pada Reaktor

C3H5CH3COO CH3COOH

C3H5(OH) H2O ( CH3COOH = 13,761 kmol

( C3H5(OH)3 = 4,587 kmol

CH3COOH + C3H5(OH)3 C3H5CH3COO + 2H2O M :13,761 kmol 4,587 kmol -

-

B :4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol

S :9,204 kmol - 4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol

Mr : 60 kg/kmol - 100 kg/kmol 18 kg/kmol

kg : 552,24 kg

- 458,7 kg 82,566 kg

C3H5CH3COO = 458,7 kg CH3COOH = 825,7 kg

C3H5(OH)3 = 422 kg + 1247,7 kg H2O = 82,566 kg Tabel Neraca Massa pada ReaktorKomponenInputOutput

Kg Kmol Kg Kmol

CH3COOH825,713,761552,249,204

C3H5(OH)3 4224,587--

C3H5CH3COO-- 458,74,587

H2O--82,5664,587

Jumlah 1247,718,3481093,5418,378

4. Neraca Massa pada Sulfonator H2SO4.SO3

C3H5CH3COO

H2SO2

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H

( C3H5CH3COO = 1 ton x 1000 kg = 1000 kg = 10 kmol

1 ton 100 kg/kmol

( H2SO4.SO3 = 0,5 ton x 1000 kg = 500 kg = 2,808 kmol

1 ton 178 kg/kmol C3H5CH3COO + H2SO4.SO3 CH3COO C3H5.SO3H + H2SO4 M : 10 kmol 2,808 kmol

- -

B : 2,808 kmol 2,808 kmol

2,808 kmol 2,808 kmol

S : 7,192 kmol - 2,808 kmol 2,808 kmol

Mr : 100 kg/kmol -

180 kg/kmol 98 kg/kmol

Kg : 719,2 kg - 505,44 kg 275,184 k

H2SO4.SO3 = 500 kg C3H5CH3COO = 1000 kg

H2SO4 = 275,184 kg

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H = 505,44 kg + 780,624 kgTabel Neraca Massa pada SulfonatorKomponenInputOutput

KmolKgKmolKg

C3H5CH3COO 1010007,192 719,2

H2SO4.SO3 2,808500-

CH3COO C3H5.SO3H --2,808505,44

H2SO4--2,808275,184

Jumlah 12,808150012,8081499.824

5. Neraca Massa pada Acid Tank

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H H2SO4

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H H2O

H2SO4 ( CH3COOC3H5.SO3H = 1 ton = 1000 kg = 5,524 kmol

181 kg/kmol

( H2SO4 = 0,5 ton x 1000 kg = 500 kg = 5,102 kmol

1 ton 98 kg/kmol

( H2O = 0,8 ton x 1000 kg = 800 kg = 44,44 kmol

1 ton 18 kg/kmol

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H + H2SO4 + H2O CH3COOC3H5.SO3H + 2H2SO4

M : 5,524 kmol 5,102 kmol 44,44 kmol - -

B : 5,102 kmol 5,102 kmol 5,102 kmol 5,102kmol 10,204 kmol

S : 0,422 kmol - 39,338 kmol 5,102 kmol 10,204 kmol

Mr : 181 kg/kmol - 18 kg/kmol 181 kg/kmol 98 kg/kmol

Kg : 76,38 kg - 708 kg 923,46 kg 999,99kg

Tabel Neraca Massa pada Acid TankKomponenInputOutput

KmolKgKmolKg

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H 5,52410000,42276,38

H2SO45,10250010,204999,99

H2O 44,44480039,342708

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H --5,102923,46

Jumlah 55,07230055,072710,83

6. Neraca Massa pada Neutralizer

NaOH

CH3COOC3H5.SO3H

C3H5OH CH3COONa ( CH3COO C3H5 = 1 ton x 1000 kg = 1000 kg = 10 kmol

1 ton 100 kg/kmol ( NaOH = 0,6 ton x 1000 kg = 600 kg = 15 kmol

1 ton 40 kg/kmol

CH3COO C3H5 + NaOH CH3COO Na + C3H5OHM : 10 kmol 15 kmol - -

B : 10 kmol 10 kmol 10 kmol 10 kmol

S : - 5 kmol 10 kmol 10 kmol

Mr : - 40 kg/kmol 82 kg/kmol 58 kg/kmol - 200 kg 820 kg 580 kg

NaOH = 600 kg

CH3COOC3H5 = 1000 kg

C3H5OH = 580 kg CH3COONa = 820 kg + 1400 kg

Tabel Neraca Massa pada Neutralizer

KomponenInputOutput

KmolKgKmolKg

CH3COO C3H5 101000--

NaOH156005200

CH3COO Na --10820

C3H5OH--10580

Jumlah 251600251600

C3H5OH

Air

C3H5OH

CH3COONa

H2O

CH3COONa

Reaksi pada mixer:

CH3COO Na + C3H5OH + H2O CH3COO Na + C3H5OH + H2O

Pada mixer hanya terjadi pencampuran dengan air, hasil dari pencampuran tersebut dialirkan ke dalam spray tower, di sini campuran tadi di semprot dengan udara agar tidak mengandung air, dan di dapat detergent berbentuk butiran, sedangkan hasil yang tidak dipakai akan di buang.

Hidrolizer

Hidrolizer

Blender

mixer

High vacuum still

Hidrolyzer

Flowsheet sabun

Yield: 30-35kg/

ton of soap

Activated

Carbon

Filter

Blender

Chipping Rolls

Spray Dryer

For Soap Power

Bar Stock

Presses

Soap to Final

Product

NaOH

Mixer

Steam

Fatty Acid

Product

99% white

Glycerine

H2O

99% Yellow Glycerine

For industrial Use

Holding

Tank

Air

Steam

Still

Holding Tank

Triple

Effect

Evap

waste

High vacuum still

Steam Flas tank

15-20%

Glycerine

Impurities

Fat

+

Catalyst

Ion exchange

Fatty

acid

Hydrolizer

230- 250oC 40-45atms

Mixer

Spray

tower

Neutralizer

Neutralizer

Acid tank

Sulfonator

Sulfonator

Reactor

Reactor

Settler 1

Settler 1

Alkilator

Alkilator

Mixer

Spray

tower

Acid tank

Neutralizer

Settler 2

Settler 1

Sulfonator

Alkilator

Reactor

CH3COONa = 607,5 kg

H2O = 135 kg

CH3COOH = 458,1 kg 1200,6 kg

H2O CH3COOH

Blender

Mixer

CH3COONa..?

H2O.........?

CH3COO.?

H2O CH3COOH

Blender

Mixer

High vacuum still

High vacuum still

Flowsheet Detergent

Oleum

H2O

Distillation columns

Mixer

Air

Water

NaOH

Water

Settler 2

Acid

Tank

Detergent

Sulfonator

Neutralizer

Effluent

Spray

tower

Alkylator

Sludge

Settler 1

Fatty acid

(asam lemak)

Reactor

3