materi asam nukleotida

7/21/2019 materi asam nukleotida

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NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM

NUKLEATMAX R.J RUNTUWENEMAX R.J RUNTUWENE

Fmipa UnsratFmipa Unsrat20122012


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ASAM NUKLEAT


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NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM

NUKLEAT

1. Pendahuluan1. Pendahuluan

2. Klasifikasi2. Klasifikasi

3. Struktur nukletida3. Struktur nukletida

!. "ara #enulisan deretan $asa!. "ara #enulisan deretan $asa

%. Struktur DNA dan &NA%. Struktur DNA dan &NA

'. DNA se$a(ai #en)i*#an infr*asi'. DNA se$a(ai #en)i*#an infr*asi

(enetik(enetik


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Bata, batu, pasir,semen, kayu,

genteng

Apayangm

enentukan

?

Apayangmenentukan?


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Pabrik

Bahan baku

A

payang

menentukan

? Apayangm

enentukan

?


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Sel embrio

Apayangmenentukan ?

Makromolekul:asam nukleat

proteinkarbohidrat

lipid


7/81

Bata, batu,

pasir, semen,

kayu, genteng

Apayangm

enentukan?

Apayangmenentukan?

INFORMSI! Pembangunan


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Pabrik

Bahan baku

Apay

angme

nentuk

an?

Apayan

gmenentukan?

INFORMSI! Pembuatan produk


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Sel embrio

Apayangmenentukan?

Makromolekul:

asam nukleatprotein

karbohidratlipid

INFORMSI! "enetik


10/81

Bata, batu,

pasir, semen,

kayu, genteng

Apayangmen

entukan?

Apayangmenentukan?

INFORMSI! Pembangunan

Dalam bentuk apa . . . ?

#ertulis dalam suatu dokumen!


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Pabrik

Bahan baku

Apayang

menentuka

n? Apayangm

enentukan?

INFORMSI! Pembuatan produk


#ertulis dalam suatu dokumen!


12/81

Sel embrioApayangmenentukan ?


Makromolekul:asam nukleat

proteinkarbohidrat

lipid

#ertulis dalam molekul SM N$%&'#!


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Watson an !ri"#


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SE+A&A, PENEMUAN ASAM NUKLEAT

1$%&' A()r*"+t Koss*( m*n*m,#an asam1$%&' A()r*"+t Koss*( m*n*m,#an asamn,#(*at -an t*rs,s,n o(*+ s,at,n,#(*at -an t*rs,s,n o(*+ s,at,,,s ,(a' ,,s /os/at' an ,,s,,s ,(a' ,,s /os/at' an ,,s

)asa)asa


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Gula pada asamnukleat adalah ribosa.

Ribosa (-D-furanosa)

adalah gula pentosa(jumlah karbon 5).

Perhatikan penomoran.

Dalam penulisan diberitanda prime() untukmembedakan

penomoran pada basanitrogen

5

1

23

4

-ULA &IOSA


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PE&,ATIKAN

I#atan ,(a ri)osa *nan )asa nitro*n paa atom#ar)on nomor 13.

I#atan ,(a ri)osa *nan,,s /os/at paa atom#ar)on nomor 43.

5,,s +iro#si( paa atom #ar)on nomor 2


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ASA NIT&O-EN

6asa nitro*n )*ri#atan *nan i#atan7) paaatom #ar)on nomor1 ari ,(a ri)osa ata,*o#siri)osa.

8irimiin)*ri#atan #* ,(a ri)osa paa atom N71ari str,#t,r "in"inn-a.

8,rin )*ri#atan #* ,(a ri)osa paa atom N7&ari

str,#t,r "in"inn-a.


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ASA PI&IMIDIN DAN PU&IN

8*r+ati#an str,#t,r "in"inn-a


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ASA/ASA DALAM ASAM NUKLEAT


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-U-US 0OS0AT

N,#(*osia5,(a Ri)osa -an )*ri#atan *nan)asa nitro*n3 9 sat, ata, (*)i+ ,,s /os/ori(

is*),t n,#(*otia.


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N,#(*otia


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M*r,pa#an pr*#,rsor : asar ,nt,# asam n,#(*at' RNAM*r,pa#an pr*#,rsor : asar ,nt,# asam n,#(*at' RNAan DNAan DNA

Str,#t,r t*riri ariStr,#t,r t*riri ari 6asa6asa 5,(a5,(a p+osp+atp+osp+at


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N,#(*otia )*r)*a *nan n,#(*osiaN,#(*otia )*r)*a *nan n,#(*osia #ar*na#ar*nan,#(*osia t# m*mp,n-ai ,,s /os/atn,#(*osia t# m*mp,n-ai ,,s /os/at

S*+ina #ita s*rin m*n,(is#an n,#(*otiaS*+ina #ita s*rin m*n,(is#an n,#(*otias*)aais*)aai N,#(*osia mono/os/atN,#(*osia mono/os/at

N,#(*osia i/os/atN,#(*osia i/os/at N,#(*osia tri/os/atN,#(*osia tri/os/at

T*rant,n paa ;,m(a+ /os/at - imi(i#iT*rant,n paa ;,m(a+ /os/at - imi(i#i

D*o#siri)on,#(*otia it,(is n tam)a+an


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T*riri ari 2 o(onan >T*riri ari 2 o(onan > Ri)on,#(*otiaRi)on,#(*otia D*o#siri)on,#(*otiaD*o#siri)on,#(*otia

J*nis n,#(*otia >J*nis n,#(*otia > Nama t*rant,n paa )asan-aNama t*rant,n paa )asan-a

J,m(a+ /os/at -an imi(i#iJ,m(a+ /os/at -an imi(i#i

A*nin AM8' AD8' AT8' AM8' AD8' AT8A*nin AM8' AD8' AT8' AM8' AD8' AT8

5,anin 5M8' 5D8' 5T8' 5M8' 5D8' 5T85,anin 5M8' 5D8' 5T8' 5M8' 5D8' 5T8

Sitosin !M8' !D8' !T8' !T8' !D8' !T8Sitosin !M8' !D8' !T8' !T8' !D8' !T8

Timin TM8' TD8' TT8' 7Timin TM8' TD8' TT8' 7

Urasi( UM8' UD8' UT8' UM8' UD8' UT8Urasi( UM8' UD8' UT8' UM8' UD8' UT8


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N,#(*otia m*ni#at )asa nitro*nn-a paaN,#(*otia m*ni#at )asa nitro*nn-a paaatom ! no. 1' n i#atan (i#osiaatom ! no. 1' n i#atan (i#osia

5,,s /os/at t*ri#at paa ,,s +iro#si( atom5,,s /os/at t*ri#at paa ,,s +iro#si( atom! no. 4! no. 4

K*,a #onisi iatas' m*n-*)a)#an n,#(*otiaK*,a #onisi iatas' m*n-*)a)#an n,#(*otiam*mp,n-ai si/at si/at>m*mp,n-ai si/at si/at>

5,,s p+osp+at5,,s p+osp+at )*rtina# s) asam)*rtina# s) asam#,at pKa? 13#,at pKa? 13

5,,s amina r )asa p,rin an5,,s amina r )asa p,rin anpirimiin*' pt i protonasipirimiin*' pt i protonasi

N,#(*otia mamp, m*n-*rap sinar ,@N,#(*otia mamp, m*n-*rap sinar ,@apat i,#,r #ons*ntrasin-aapat i,#,r #ons*ntrasin-a


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&IONUKLEOTIDA

5,(a ri)osa -an )*ri#atan

*nan )asa nitro*n a(am"onto+ i sampin aa(a+ s,at,pirimiin' ,rasi( an sitosin3paa atom #ar)on nomor 1n-ais*),t ri)on,#(*osiaa(am"onto+ i sampin aa(a+ ,riinan sitiin3.

Ri)on,#(*osia -ant*r/os/ori(asi paa atom #ar)on

nomor 4n-a is*),tri)on,#(*otiaa(am "onto+ isampin aa(a+ ,rii(at ata,sitii(at3

8*n-ampaian ri)on,#(*otia)iasana a(am )*nt,# sin#atanmisa(n-a3 U' ata, UM8 ,riinmono/os/at3


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&IONUKLEOTIDA UTAMA

8*r+ati#an atom N& paa p,rin3 an N1 paapirimiin3 -an )*ri#atan *nan atom ! nomor 1B

ari ri)osa


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&IOSA s DEOKSI&IOSA

T,r,nan p*ntin ari

ri)osa aa(a+ 27*o#siri)osa' s*rin+an-a is*),t*o#siri)osa' -an paa#ar)on nomor 2n-a OCianti#an o(*+ C.

D*o#siri)osa it*m,#an iDNA *o-ri)on,"(*i"a"i3

Ri)osa it*m,#an i RNAri)on,"(*i" a"i3.

8*nantian OC o(*+ Ci atom ! nomor 2

m*mp*nar,+i str,#t,r

DN RN


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DEOKSI&IONUKLEOTIDA PENUSUN DNA

8*n-ampaian D*o#siri)on,#(*otia)iasan-a a(am )*nt,# sin#atanmisa(n-a3 A' ata, A *o#siA3'ata, AM8 *o#sia*nosin

mono/os/at3

Gula !"-deoksiribosa #angberikatan dengan basa nitrogen

(a(am "onto+ i sampinaa(a+ purin - adenin dan guanin)paa atom #ar)on nomor 1n-ais*),t deoksiribonukleosida

(a(am "onto+ i sampinaa(a+deoksiadenosin dandeoksiguanosine).

D*o#siri)on,#(*osia -ant*r/os/ori(asi paa atom #ar)onnomor 4n-a is*),tD*o#siri)on,#(*otia a(am"onto+ i sampin aa(a+*o#sia*ni(at an

*o#si,ani(at3.


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DEOKSI&IONUKLEOTIDA UTAMA


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KE&A-AMAN IKATAN 0OS0AT

Ciro(isis RNA o(*+ *nGim

m*n+asi(#an ri)on,#(*osia 4B7mono7/os/at ata, ri)on,#(*osiaH7mono/os/at.


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KE&A-AMAN +UMLA, 0OS0AT

$!

%

N,"(*osia mono7' i7' an tri/os/at


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PENAMAAN NUKLEOTIDA 425


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PENAMAAN NUKLEOTIDA 415


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KE&AN-KA -ULA/0OS0AT

O(*+ #ar*nan-a #*ran#a asar po(in,#(*otia ata, asam n,#(*att*rs,s,n atas r*si, /os/at an ri)osa -an )*rs*(an7s*(in.

Ur,tan )asa a(am po(in,#(*otia it,(is ari ,;,n -an m*mi(i#i,,s /os/at i atom #ar)on nomor 4 #* ,;,n -an m*mi(i#i,,s +iro#si( i atom #ar)on nomor H' ata, )iasa is*),t ,;,n4 #* H> 47AT5!TA5!7H

8*r+ati#an )a+a #*ran#a asar po(in,#(*otia m*mi(i#i m,atan

n*ati/.

ASA NIT&O-EN DAPAT E&POSISI


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ASA NIT&O-EN DAPAT E&POSISI

SYN-ATAU ANTI-

KON0O&MASI KE&AN-KA DASA&


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KON0O&MASI KE&AN-KA DASA&

-ULA/0OS0AT

8o(in,#(*otia m*mi(i#i#*)*)asan )*rotasi ta# t*r)atas'

#*",a(i paa #*ran#a "in"inri)osan-a.


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ASAM NUKLEAT

Monom*r n,#(*otia apat )*ri#atan

sat, sama (ain m*(a(,i i#atan/os/oi*st*r antara 7OC i atom! nomor Hn-a *nan ,,s/os/at ari n,#(*otia

)*ri#,tn-a.K*,a ,;,n po(i7 ata,o(ion,#(*otia -an i+asi(#anm*n-isa#an ,,s /os/at iatom #ar)on nomor 4n,#(*otia p*rtama an ,,s+iro#si( i atom #ar)on nomorH n,#(*otia t*ra#+ir.


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Asam n,#(*at

M*r,pa#an )aian oranism* +i,p - sanatM*r,pa#an )aian oranism* +i,p - sanatp*ntinp*ntin

M*m)aa in/ormasi *n*ti#a -an a#anM*m)aa in/ormasi *n*ti#a -an a#an

it,r,n#an : itrans/*r r *n*rasi #* *n*rasi.it,r,n#an : itrans/*r r *n*rasi #* *n*rasi.S*m,a in/ormasi - aa (m s*(S*m,a in/ormasi - aa (m s*( DNADNA Aa 2 ma"am>Aa 2 ma"am>

Asam *o#siri)on,#(*at > AND : DNAAsam *o#siri)on,#(*at > AND : DNA

Asam ri)on,#(*at > ARN : RNAAsam ri)on,#(*at > ARN : RNA Asam n,#(*at mrp# po(im*r n,#(*otia -Asam n,#(*at mrp# po(im*r n,#(*otia -

i+,),n#an n i#atan /os/oi*st*ri+,),n#an n i#atan /os/oi*st*r


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KOMPOSISI ASA PENUSUN


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KOMPOSISI ASA PENUSUN

ASAM NUKLEAT

Or(anis*eOr(anis*e AA -- "" TT

Escherichia coliEscherichia coli 2'%2'% 2'02'0 24'%24'% 2H'2H'

K+amirK+amir H1'HH1'H 1$'%1$'% 1%'11%'1 H2'&H2'&

5an,m5an,m 2%'H2%'H 22'%22'% 22'$22'$ 2%'12%'1

Sa(monSa(mon 2&'%2&'% 20'$20'$ 20'20' 2&'12&'1

A-amA-am 2$'$2$'$ 20'420'4 21'421'4 2&'H2&'H

NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM NUKLEAT


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Ri)on,#(*otia aa(a+p*n-,s,n RNA

Ri)on,#(*otiaRNA


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N,"(*oti*s

H partsH partsnitro*n )as*nitro*n )as*!7N rin3!7N rin3p*ntos* s,arp*ntos* s,ar4!34!3

ri)os*ri)os*in RNAin RNA*o-ri)os**o-ri)os*in DNAin DNA

p+osp+at*p+osp+at*8O8O33ro,pro,p

Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?


48/81

RNA DNA

RNARNAsin(* n,"(*oti* "+ainsin(* n,"(*oti* "+ain

DNADNA

o,)(* n,"(*oti* "+aino,)(* n,"(*oti* "+ainN )as*s )on in pairsN )as*s )on in pairs

a"ross "+ainsa"ross "+ainsspira(* in aspira(* in a o,)(* +*(io,)(* +*(io,)(* +*(i 1o,)(* +*(i 1ststpropos* as str,"t,r* o/ DNApropos* as str,"t,r* o/ DNA

in 1&4H )-in 1&4H )- Jam*s WatsonJam*s Watson Fran"is !ri"#Fran"is !ri"#;,st "*(*)rat* 40t+ anni@*rsar- in 200H3;,st "*(*)rat* 40t+ anni@*rsar- in 200H3


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T-p*s o/ n,"(*oti*s

2 t-p*s o/ n,"(*oti*s2 t-p*s o/ n,"(*oti*si//*r*nt nitro*n )as*si//*r*nt nitro*n )as*sp,rin*sp,rin*so,)(* rin N )as*o,)(* rin N )as*a*nin* A3a*nin* A3,anin* 53,anin* 53

p-rimiin*sp-rimiin*s

sin(* rin N )as*sin(* rin N )as*"-tosin* !3"-tosin* !3t+-min* T3t+-min* T3

,ra"i( U3,ra"i( U3


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6,i(in t+* po(-m*r


51/81

N,"(*i" po(-m*r

6a"#)on*6a"#)on*s,ar to 8Os,ar to 8O)on)onp+osp+oi*st*rp+osp+oi*st*r)on)on

n* )as* a* to s,ar o/n* )as* a* to s,ar o/pr*@io,s )as*pr*@io,s )as*po(-m*r ros in on*po(-m*r ros in on*

ir*"tionir*"tionN )as*s +an o// t+*N )as*s +an o// t+*

s,ar7p+osp+at* )a"#)on*s,ar7p+osp+at* )a"#)on*Dangling bases?Why is this important?


52/81

8airin o/ n,"(*oti*s

N,"(*oti*s )on )*t**nN,"(*oti*s )on )*t**nDNA stransDNA stransC )onsC )ons

p,rin* >> p-rimiin*p,rin* >> p-rimiin*A >> TA >> T

2 C )ons2 C )ons

5 >> !5 >> !H C )onsH C )ons

Matching bases?Why is this important?


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RNA

Aa m"mAa m"m

Cn RNACn RNA

mRNAmRNA rRNArRNA tRNAtRNA

snRNAsnRNA


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+nRNA+nRNA+*t*ro*ono,s n,"(*ar RNA+*t*ro*ono,s n,"(*ar RNA m*r,pa#anm*r,pa#an+asi( trans#ripsi (ans,n r DNA+asi( trans#ripsi (ans,n r DNA

mRNAmRNA t*(a+ m*na(ami pros*s posttrans#ripsit*(a+ m*na(ami pros*s posttrans#ripsi m*n+i(an#an intronm*n+i(an#an intron

in/ormasi *n*ti#in/ormasi *n*ti# (m )t# "oon(m )t# "oon

,r,tan H n,#(*otia3,r,tan H n,#(*otia3

rRNArRNA Kompon*n ri)osom imana trans(asi )*r(ans,nKompon*n ri)osom imana trans(asi )*r(ans,n

tRNAtRNA M*n*r;*ma+#an #o* *n*ti#M*n*r;*ma+#an #o* *n*ti# M*n+,),n#an antara asam n,#(*at *nan asam aminoM*n+,),n#an antara asam n,#(*at *nan asam amino

prot*inprot*in

snRNAsnRNA Sma(( n,"(*ar RNASma(( n,"(*ar RNAm*m)ant, pros*s sp(i"in a(am postm*m)ant, pros*s sp(i"in a(am post

trans#ripsi pros*strans#ripsi pros*s

T f &NA 4 &NA5T f &NA 4t&NA5


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Transfer &NA 4t&NA5Transfer &NA 4t&NA5

composed of a nucleic acid anda specic amino acid

provide the linkbetween the nucleic

acid sequence ofmRNA and the aminoacid sequence it codesfor.

An anticodonasequence of 3nucleotides in a tRNAthat is complementaryto a codon of mRNAStructure of tRNAs


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MASALA, &NA KETIDAKSTAILAN
http://www.aw-bc.com/mathews/molex/nadh.htm


58/81

MASALA, &NA6 KETIDAKSTAILAN

DNA' -an m*mi(i#i C s*)aai p*nanti OC iDNA' -an m*mi(i#i C s*)aai p*nanti OC i

atom ! nomor 2B' (*)i+ sta)i(atom ! nomor 2B' (*)i+ sta)i(



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D*o#siri)on,#(*otia aa(a+p*n-,s,n DNA

DNAD*o#siri)on,#(*otia

,


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F,nsi )io(ois

DNA s*)aaiDNA s*)aaip*m)aa in/ormasip*m)aa in/ormasi*n*ti#*n*ti# DNADNA#ompon*n r#ompon*n r

#romosom#romosom F,nsi -an (ain>F,nsi -an (ain>

N,#(*otia s)N,#(*otia s)p*m)aa *n*rip*m)aa *n*ri

N,#(*otia s*)aiN,#(*otia s*)ai#o*nsim#o*nsim

*nGim*nGim


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DNA D*o-ri)oN,"(*i" A"i 3

Di#*na( s*)aai mat*ri *n*ti#Di#*na( s*)aai mat*ri *n*ti# M*r,pa#an #ompon*n #romosomM*r,pa#an #ompon*n #romosom M*r,pa#an po(im*r *o#siri)on,#(*otiaM*r,pa#an po(im*r *o#siri)on,#(*otia

- i+,),n#an *nan i#atan- i+,),n#an *nan i#atan/os/oi*st*r/os/oi*st*r

6a"#)on* ran#a3 t*riri r> ,,s /os/at6a"#)on* ran#a3 t*riri r> ,,s /os/at

an ,(a - sa(in )*rs*(inan ,(a - sa(in )*rs*(in M*mi(i#i ori*ntasi 4BM*mi(i#i ori*ntasi 4B HB ;# ,,s /os/at rHB ;# ,,s /os/at r

!4 )*ri#atan n OC !H!4 )*ri#atan n OC !H

ST&UKTU& DNA


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ST&UKTU& DNA

DNA t*riri atas ,a

ran#aian +*(i#s anti7para(*(para(*( )*r(aanan ara+3-an m*(i(it #* #anan s,at,poros.

U#,ran (i(itan aa(a+ H '

-an m*nan,n 10.4pasanan )asa p*r p,taran.

K*ran#a -an )*rs*(an7s*(in antara ,,s

*o#siri)osa an /os/att*r(*ta# i )aian (,ar.

I#atan +iro*n antara )asap,rin an pirimiin t*r(*ta# )aian a(am.

&AN-KAIAN ENAN- DNA


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&AN-KAIAN ENAN- DNA

6asa p*n-,s,n s,at, )*nan DNA

-an antipara((*( tia# samam*(ain#an )*rsi/at #omp(*m*nt*r+aap )*nan pasanann-a.

6asa ! )*rpasanan *nan 5's*an#an A *nan T. Ca( inisanat )*man/aat a(am #aitan,nt,# p*n-impanan anp*mina+an.

IKATAN ,ID&O-EN ANTA&


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IKATAN ,ID&O-EN ANTA&

&AN-KAIAN ASA DNA

&atson-'rik base pairing


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Dia(am s*(Dia(am s*( a(ama(am;a(in ana o,)(* +*(i3;a(in ana o,)(* +*(i3

Dimana ,,s /os/atDimana ,,s /os/at)*raa i (,ar an )asa)*raa i (,ar an )asanitro*nn-a i a(amnitro*nn-a i a(am

Ja(in ana - t*r)*nt,#Ja(in ana - t*r)*nt,#)*rsi/at anti para((*()*rsi/at anti para((*(


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S


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S,s,nan )asa nitro*n paaS,s,nan )asa nitro*n paa;a(in ana DNA;a(in ana DNAtia# ranomtia# ranom

5,anin 53 Sitosin !35,anin 53 Sitosin !3A*nin A3 7 Timin T3A*nin A3 7 Timin T3

Antara )asa nitro*n sat,Antara )asa nitro*n sat,*nan -an (ain i+,),n#an*nan -an (ain i+,),n#an

*nan i#atan +iro*n*nan i#atan +iro*n

Watson an !ri"# > r*p(i#asiWatson an !ri"# > r*p(i#asi sanat m,n#in ,nt,# s,at,sanat m,n#in ,nt,# s,at,DNA ip*r)an-a# in/ormasiDNA ip*r)an-a# in/ormasi

- sama- sama


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DNA i a(am s*(DNA i a(am s*(it*m,#anit*m,#an H )nt#H )nt#

,tama,tama 6*nt,# 66*nt,# 6 6*nt,# A6*nt,# A 6*nt,# 6*nt,#

Per$edaan)a 7Per$edaan)a 7


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ti t i #( t ;


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s*p*rtis*p*rti +a(n-a+a(n-aprot*in' asam n,#(*at ;,aprot*in' asam n,#(*at ;,am*mp,n-ai str,#t,r prim*r' s*#,n*r an t*rsi*rm*mp,n-ai str,#t,r prim*r' s*#,n*r an t*rsi*r asam n,#(*at m*mp,n-ai ara+ s*ns*asam n,#(*at m*mp,n-ai ara+ s*ns*7 M*mp,n-ai ini@i,a(itasM*mp,n-ai ini@i,a(itas it*nt,#an ari ,r,tanit*nt,#an ari ,r,tan

)asa nitro*nn-a)asa nitro*nn-a is*),t s*)aaiis*),t s*)aai struktur primerstruktur primer7 Informasi genetikInformasi genetikaa paa str,#t,r prim*raa paa str,#t,r prim*r

88

A

HB

4B

!

88

HB

4B

5

8

HB

4B

T

8

HB

4B

!

4B

OC

HB A!5T!

St #t #


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Str,#t,r s*#,n*r

Do,)(* +*(iDo,)(* +*(i Watson n !ri"#Watson n !ri"# m*n;aa) str,#t,r HD DNA n X7m*n;aa) str,#t,r HD DNA n X7

ra- i//ra"tion patt*rn > +s( p*n*(itian Rosa(inra- i//ra"tion patt*rn > +s( p*n*(itian Rosa(inFran#(inFran#(in

Mamp, m*n-imp,(#an )a+a >Mamp, m*n-imp,(#an )a+a > m*mp,n-ai str,#t,r o,)(* +*(im*mp,n-ai str,#t,r o,)(* +*(i *nan 10 )asa s*tiap p,taran*nan 10 )asa s*tiap p,taran p,taran H0p,taran H0'' )asa Nitro*n A7T ' 5 !)asa Nitro*n A7T ' 5 ! "*#,#an ma-or an minor"*#,#an ma-or an minor o,)(* +*(i m*m,tar #* #anano,)(* +*(i m*m,tar #* #anan s*(/ r*p(i"ations*(/ r*p(i"ation

S*mi#ons*r@ati/ p R*p(i#asi


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p pDNA

M*#anism* p*n#opian DNAm*(i)at#an p*m),#aano,)(* +*(i

S*tiap rantai m*n;ai po(a :t*mp(at ,nt,# pita )ar,

S*mi #ons*r@ati/apa

)*a *nan #ons*r@ati/ anisp*rsi@*


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X7ra- i//ra"tion > aa 2 ma"amX7ra- i//ra"tion > aa 2 ma"am P t*(a+ it*r;*ma+#an str,#t,r H D n-a > 6P t*(a+ it*r;*ma+#an str,#t,r H D n-a > 6

/orm/orm 6*nt,# -an ,m,m aa(a+ 6 /orm6*nt,# -an ,m,m aa(a+ 6 /ormA /ormA /orm RNA o,)(* +*(iRNA o,)(* +*(i

5,,s OC p RNA5,,s OC p RNA tia#tia#m*m,n#in#an m*(ipat (*)i+ *#atm*m,n#in#an m*(ipat (*)i+ *#at m*m)*nt,# A /orm -an (*)i+ (*)arm*m)*nt,# A /orm -an (*)i+ (*)ar


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Da(am #onisi norma( #onisi /isio(ois3 DNA r*(ati/ sta)i(

Kaan m*n;ai tia# sta)i( #rn pros*s2 r*p(i#asi'trans#ripsi


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Disosiasi o,)(* +*(i DNADisosiasi o,)(* +*(i DNA *nat,rasi*nat,rasi apa)i(a DNA ipanas#an iatas m*(tinapa)i(a DNA ipanas#an iatas m*(tin

t*mp*rat,rn-a Tm3 ma#a o,)(* +*(it*mp*rat,rn-a Tm3 ma#a o,)(* +*(ia#an t*r),#aa#an t*r),#a

TmTm t*rant,n paa rasio 59!3:t*rant,n paa rasio 59!3:A9T3A9T3

5:! "ont*nt apat i+it,n *nan5:! "ont*nt apat i+it,n *nan59!3 : Tota( 6asa N3 100Q59!3 : Tota( 6asa N3 100Q

,ASIL PENELITIAN ",A&-A00


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,ASIL PENELITIAN ",A&-A00

1.1. Asa* nukleat )an( diislasi dari $er$a(aiAsa* nukleat )an( diislasi dari $er$a(ai

8arin(an r(anis*e )an( sa*a *e*iliki8arin(an r(anis*e )an( sa*a *e*iliki

k*#sisi $asa )an( sa*ak*#sisi $asa )an( sa*a

2.2. K*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat $era(a* #adaK*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat $era(a* #ada

r(anis*e )an( $er$edar(anis*e )an( $er$eda3.3. K*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat suatu s#esiesK*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat suatu s#esies

tidak $eru$ah leh u*ur9 nutrisi9 dantidak $eru$ah leh u*ur9 nutrisi9 dan

lin(kun(anlin(kun(an

!.!. +u*lah residu adenin selalu setara den(an+u*lah residu adenin selalu setara den(an

8u*lah residu ti*in9 sedan(kan 8u*lah residu8u*lah residu ti*in9 sedan(kan 8u*lah residu

(uaninn selalu setara den(an 8u*lah residu(uaninn selalu setara den(an 8u*lah residu

sitsinsitsin

KESIMPULAN PENELITIAN ",A&-A00


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KESIMPULAN PENELITIAN ",A&-A00

Asam n,#(*at m*r,pa#an )a+an p*n*nt,Asam n,#(*at m*r,pa#an )a+an p*n*nt,si/at ma+(,# +i,psi/at ma+(,# +i,p

Asam n,#(*at it,r,n#an:itrans/*r ariAsam n,#(*at it,r,n#an:itrans/*r ariin,# #* #*t,r,nann-ain,# #* #*t,r,nann-a

DIMANA ASAM NUKLEAT E&PE&AN7


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DIMANA ASAM NUKLEAT E&PE&AN7

DNA m*nan,n *n' in/ormasi -an m*nat,r

sint*sis prot*in an RNA. DNA m*nan,n )aian7)aian -an m*n*nt,#an

p*nat,ran *#spr*si *n promot*r' op*rator' ((.3

Ri)osoma( RNA rRNA3 m*r,pa#an #ompon*n ari

ri)osom' m*sin )io(ois p*m),at prot*in M*ss*n*r RNAs mRNA3 m*r,pa#an )a+an

p*m)aa in/ormasi *n*ti# ari *n #* ri)osom

Trans/*r RNAs tRNAs3 m*r,pa#an )a+an -an

m*nt*r;*ma+#an in/ormasi a(am mRNA m*n;ai,r,tan asam amino

RNAs m*mi(i#i /,nsi7/,nsi -an (ain' i antaran-a/,nsi7/,nsi #ata(is


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Teri*a Kasih

8USTAKA


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1.Irfan D. Prijambada As m

Nukle t Pengajar Biokimia

Fakultas Pertanian UniversitasGadjah ada

!. "ri #ini Nuringt$as."ri #ini Nuringt$as. Nukleotida

dan asam nukleat


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materi asam nukleotida

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