05 makalah medfar.vp

34Media Farmasi , Vol. 6, No. 2, 2007 : 33 - 39 Aktivitas Antimikroba Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih Merah ..... (Nanik Sulistyani, dkk)33

AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SIRIH MERAHPiper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli DAN Candida albicans SERTA IDENTIFIKASI KOMPONEN KIMIANYA

THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE VOLATILE OIL OF Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav LEAF AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli AND Candida albicans AND IDENTIFYING ITS CHEMICAL COMPONENT

Nanik Sulistyani1), Hadi Sasongko2), Muri Hertanti1), Lina Mei Lana1)Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta

Abstrak

Sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung minyak atsiri dan secara empiris telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antimikroba minyak atsiri daun sirih merah terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans serta identifikasi kandungan kimianya. Daun sirih merah yang segar dicuci bersih dan dirajang, kemudian diisolasi minyak atsirinya dengan metode destilasi air dan uap.Uji aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair. Pertama, minyak atsiri dan suspensi mikroba diinkubasi pada suhu 37C selama 18-24 jam dalam media cair, kemudian hasil inkubasi digoreskan pada media padat dan diinkubasi lebih lanjut pada suhu 37C selama 18-24 jam untuk menetapkan kadar bunuh minimal (KBM). Komponen kimia dalam minyak atsiri diidentifikasi denganGC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun sirih merah memiliki aktivitas antimikroba dengan nilai KBM sebesar 0,25%v/v terhadap C. albicans, 0,06%v/v terhadap S.aureusdan 0,50%v/v terhadap E.coli. Analisis dengan GC-MS diperoleh 39 senyawa, kemungkinan di antaranya merupakan Chavicol, Eugenol, Trans-Caryophyllen, Eugenol acetate dan Beta-selinene.

Kata kunci : Sirih merah, antimikroba

2) Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta

Abstract

Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav is a plant containing volatile oil and empirically used as a traditional medicine. The aims of research are identifying the antimicrobial activity of the volatile oilof P. crocatum leaf against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and also to analyze its chemical compounds. The fresh P. crocatum leaves were washed and cut into small pieces, then isolated its volatile oil using water and steam distillation method. The antimicrobial activity was tested using liquid dilution method. First, the mixture of volatile oil and microbes were incubated at37C for 18-24 hours in liquid medium, then the cultures were scratched on the solid medium andwere incubated again at 37C for 18-24 hours to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC). The chemical compounds in the volatile oil were identified using GC-MS. Results indicatedthat the volatile oil of P. crocatum leaf had the antimicrobial activity with MIC values were 0,25%v/v against C. albicans, 0,06%v/v against S.aureus and 0,50%v/v against E.coli. Analyses by GC-MS was obtained 39 compounds, and the possibility among these compounds are Chavicol, Eugenol, Trans-Caryophyllen, Eugenol acetate dan Beta-selinene.

Key words :Piper crocatum, antimicrobial