Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

download Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

of 15

Transcript of Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    1/15

    MAKALAH FARMAKOEPIDEMIOLOGI

    “KEJADIAN EFEK SAMPING KININ PADA PASIEN MALARIA

    DI RSUD BONTANG, KALIMANTAN TIMUR “

    DISUSUN OLEH :

    SHARIFAH SHANIYAH (1301090)

    Kelas : SI – VI B

    Dosen Pembmbn! : Se"#$a Sa% & S'Fa%m& 'PH A"#

    PR*RA S+,DI SI FARASI

    S-K.AH +IN**I I., FARASI RIA,

    P-KANBAR,

    /01

    KATA PENGANTAR 

    Page 1

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    2/15

    P2 s$% $#a 4a"$an $e"a5a Alla6 S7+ an! a6a -sa a#as se!ala be%$a# 5an $asa8Na

    se6n!!a 5a"a# 5selesa$anna ma$ala6 n 5en!an 25l “ KEJADIAN EFEK SAMPING KININ PADA

    PASIEN MALARIA DI RSUD BONTANG, KALIMANTAN TIMUR  “ n#$ memen6 #!as ma#a $la6

    a%ma$oe"5emolo!'

    ,4a"an #e%ma$as 2!a $am sam"a$an $e"a5a 5osen "embmbn! $am $e"a5a& Se"#$a Sa% &

    S'Fa%m& 'PH A"#' Se6n!!a 5a"a# #e%ssna ma$ala6 n #e"a# "a5a a$#na' A$6%na #a$ a5a

    !a5n! an! #a$ %e#a$' Kam sa5a% ba6a ma$ala6 n mas6 2a6 5a% $esem"%naan' Se!ala $%#$ 5an

    sa%an san!a# $am 6a%a"$an 5em $eba$an 5a% #lsan n& 5an #a$ l"a $am 4a"$an #e%ma$as6'

    Pe$anba%& ; A"%l /01;

    Ho%ma# $am

    Sharifah shaniyah

    DAFTAR ISI

    KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................2

    Page 2

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    3/15

    DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................3

    BAB I PENDAHULUAN

    1'1'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''  .a#a% Bela$an! <

    1'/''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Rmsan asala6 <

    1'3'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' +2an Pembela2a%an

    BAB II PEMBAHASAN

    /'1 +n2aan "s#a$a''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''';/'/ Ba6an 5an e#o5e''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''=

    /'3 Hasl 5an Pemba6asan''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''9

    BAB III PENUTUP

    3'1 Kesm"lan''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1

    DAFTAR PUSTAKA.......................................................................................!

    BAB I

    PENDAHULUAN

    . LATAR BELAKANG

    Page 3

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    4/15

    Knn n#%a>ena n2e$s 5%e$omen5as "a5a "asen mala%a be%a# sam"a "asen mam"

    men!!na$an o%mlas o%al' +2an 5a% "enel#an n a5ala6 n#$ memon#o% ee$ sam"n! an!

    #mbl selama "embe%an $nn "a5a "en5e%#a mala%a 5 RS,D Bon#an! 5an men!e>alas $e#e%$a#an

     "en!!naan oba# lan an! 5a"a# menn!$a#$an $e2a5an ee$ sam"n! $nn' Penel#an n

    5la$sana$an 5en!an %an4an!an s#5 5es$%"#& men!m"l$an 5a#a se4a%a "%os"e$#' on#o%n!ee$ sam"n! 5la$$an be%5asa%$an 5a#a $al#a#& melal "en!ama#an $lns sebelm 5an se#ela6

     "asen mene%ma $nn' Ke2a5an ee$ sam"n! 5e>alas be%5asa%$an Al!o%#me Na%an2o n#$ 

    menen#$an "ossble (nla 18

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    5/15

    BAB II

    PEMBAHASAN

    2. Tin#a$an P$s%a&a

    A.ARIA me%"a$an sala6 sa# "ena$# an! men2a5 an4aman masa%a$a# 5 5ae%a6 #%o"s

    5an sb #%o"s' D sel%6 5na se#a" #a6nna 5#em$an 300 2#a $ass mala%a an! men!a$ba#$an

    / sam"a < 2#a o%an! menn!!al 5na(1&/&3)' In5onesa me%"a$an 5ae%a6 en5ems mala%a' Ham"% 

    se"a%6 "en55$ In5onesa sebana$ leb6 5a% 90 2#a o%an! #n!!al 5 5ae%a6 en5em$ mala%a'

    Page 5

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    6/15

    Seba!an besa% $ass mala%a an! mas$ %ma6 sa$# 5an!!a" seba!a $ass mala%a be%a#' Knn

    me%"a$an oba# "l6an n#$ $ass mala%a an! %ess#en #e%6a5a" $lo%o$n' Knn sebelmna #ela6

    lama 5!na$an (selama leb6 5a% 30 #a6n) n#$ men!oba# mala%a' Namn& se2a$ 5#em$an

    $lo%o$n an! leb6 m%a6 5en!an %s$o ee$ sam"n! an! leb6 %en5a6& "en!!naan $nn n#$ 

     "en!oba#an mala%a mla 5#n!!al$an $a%ena alasan ee$ sam"n!na (mal& mn#a6& ne%$e"ala&#%emo%& #n#s& "en%nan "en5en!a%an& 5so%a 5an 6"o!l$ema)' Pa5a 2an#n!& $nn 5a"a#

    menebab$an !an!!an %ama 2an#n! an! san!a# be%ba6aa 5an a%#ma >en#%$la%(ena 5a"a# 5n5$as$an sam"a "asen

    5a"a# men!!na$an oba# o%al n#$ melen!$a" "en!oba#an selama = 6a%' en!n!a# "en!!naan

    $nn an! 4$" las 5an $a%ena alas an ee$ sam"n! an! se%n! #e%2a5& 5alam "en!!naan $nn

    5sa%an$an n#$ 5la$$an "eman#aan 5alam "en!!naanna(&;)' Ame%4an So4e# o Heal#68

    Ss#em P6a%ma4s# (ASHP)(=) men5ens$an A5>e%se D%! Rea4#on (ADR) seba!a ee$ #5a$ 

    55!a a#a an! #5a$ 5n!n$an an! memb#6$an "en!6en#an sa# oba#& mo5$as 5oss&

    mem"e%"an2an! "e%aa#an& a#a "embe%an "enan!anan s"o%#' Dens n men4a$" 5oss be%leb6

    oba# 5an n#e%a$s oba#' -e$ sam"n! 55ens$an ole6 ASHP seba!a sa# %ea$s an! #ela6

    5"%e5$s 5an se5$# be%"en!a%6 a#a #a$ be%"en!a%6 "a5a "ena#ala$sanaan "asen' Bebe%a"a

     "en5e$a#an men!$las$as$an ADR a#as %ea$s #"e A an! me%"a$an a$ba# 5a% a$#>#as

    a%ma$olo! "%me% a#a"n se$n5e% 5a% oba# 5an basana #e%!an#n! "a5a 5oss& se5an!$an %ea$s

    #"e B me%"a$an %ea$s ale%!& 5osn$%a#$& mnolo!& $a%sno!en$& #e%a#o!en$ 5an basana #5a$ 

    #e%!an#n! 5oss ma"n %#e 5an 4a%a "embe%an' ,n#$ membe5a$an sa# $on5s $lns #e%$a# oba#

    a#a #5a$& #5a$la6 m5a6& $a%ena sema ee$ oba# me%"a$an 6asl an! $om"le$s 5a% n#e%a$s oba#&

     "asen 5an "ena$#(9)' Al!o%#me Na%an2o a5ala6 sa# sa%ana n#$ menen#$an $emn!$nan 5a%

    sa# oba# menebab$an sa# %ea$s an! #a$ 5n!n$an' P%obabl#as 55asa%$an "a5a sa# s$o% 

    5en#e& "%obable& "ossble a#a 5ob#l' Keleb6an al!o%#me Na%an2o mel"# "en!!naanna an!

    las 5an $em5a6anna'

    2.2. Bahan 'an M(%)'(

    • BAHAN

    Page 6

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    7/15

     Po"las #a%!e# "enel#an n a5ala6 "asen mala%a an! men5a"a#$an #e%a" $nn n2e$s'

    Po"las #e%2an!$a "enel#an n a5ala6 "asen mala%a 5 ban!sal %aa# na" Rma6 Sa$# ,mm

    Dae%a6 (RS,D) Bon#an!& Kalman#an +m%& an! men5a"a#$an #e%a" $nn n2e$s se2a$ 1 Se"#embe% 

    /00=831 ana% /00?' Pasen mala%a an! 5lba#$an 5alam "enel#an n a5ala6 "asen 5easa

     be%m% 5 a#as 1 #a6n an! 55a!noss mala%a se4a%a m$%os$o"s& men5a"a#$an se5aan $nnn2e$s se%#a se#2 $# 5alam "enel#an 5en!an menan5a#an!an s%a# "e%se#2an se#ela6 5be%$an

     "en2elasan' Pasen an! #5a$ 5$#se%#a$an 5alam "enel#an a5ala6 "asen an! $on#%a n5$as

    #e%6a5a" $nn'

    • METODE'

      Penel#an 5la$$an 5 ban!sal %aa# na" RS,D #e%6#n! selama "e%o5e 1 Se"#embe% /00=8

    31 ana% /00?' Penel#an n 5la$sana$an 5en!an %an4an!an s#5 5es$%"#& men!m"l$an 5a#a

    se4a%a "%os"e$# "a5a "en5e%#a mala%a an! mas$ RS,D Bon#an! selama "e%o5e 1 Se"#embe% 

    /00=831 ana% /00?'

    P(*i+ihan S$,y(& P(n(+i%ian.

    K%#e%a sbe$ "enel#an an! 5"l6 a5ala6 an! memen6 $%#e%a

    n$ls se"e%# an! #ela6 5seb#$an' Da% >aC o>alemala%ae)& ;)

    #e%a"& =) 5oss& ?) lama "embe%an $nn n2e$s an! 5be%$an selama "e%aa#an& 9) "eme%$saan

    se5aan 5a%a6 #e"6#n! 2mla6 "a%as#ema'

    P(*an%a$an Ef(& Sa*-in Kinin.

    Peman#aan #mblna ee$ sam"n! selama #e%a" $nn n2e$s be%5asa%$an 5a#a $al#a# 

    %es"on $ln$& melal "en!ama#an $lns sebelm 5an se#ela6 "asen mene%ma oba# 5an aan4a%a

    Page 7

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    8/15

    5en!an "asen' Da#a ee$ sam"n! an! 5"e%ole6 5"as#$an la! 5en!an be%5s$s 5en!an 5o$#e% 

    an! me%aa# 5an "e%aa#'

    P(*an%a$an Ef(& O,a% Lain.

    Pa5a #a6a" n 5la$$an "eman#aan $emn!$nan n#e%a$s an#a%a oba#8oba# an! 5be%$an

    5en!an $nn melal #els% "s#a$a 5an "en!ama#an $lns'

    P(n)+ahan Da%a.

    +a6a" n 5la$$an 5en!an 4a%a men!$las$as$an 5an memba# #ablas seba!a be%$#: 1)

    5a#a "asen be%5asa%$an m% 5an 2ens $elamn& /) e>alas $e2a5an ee$ sam"n! be%5asa%$an

    al!o%#me Na%an2o n#$ menen#$an

     "ossble (nla 18

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    9/15

    K(+$han Pasi(n' Pasen an! 5a#an! mem"na bebe%a"a $el6an 5an !e2ala 5alam

     "eme%$saan aal' Da% 3; "asen an! 5#el# 52m"a $el6an sea$# 5a#an! $e %ma6 sa$#

    seba!an besa% a5ala6 "anas (??&?9@)' Kel6an lan a5ala6 men!!!l (;aC (/&=?@)& se5an!$an 3

     "asen lan men5e%#a mala%a #%o"$a (9=&//@)' Pena$# Pene%#a' Da% "asen an! 55a!noss

    mala%a& #e%na#a 9 "asen (/@) #e%na#a 2!a men5e%#a "ena$# lan an! #5a$ be%$a#an 5en!anmala%a 5an /= "asen 6ana men5e%#a mala%a (=@)' A5a / "asen men5e%#a +B& #e#a" belm

    5#e%a" ba# An# +be%$loss (A+) selama 5alam "e%aa#an& seo%an! "asen #ela6 men5e%#a s%oss

    a$ba# 6e"a##s B $%ons 5an 1 "asen men5e%#a !on5on!an"a%o##s mm"s& se6n!!a se#ela6

     bebe%a"a 6a% 5#e%a"& s6 #b6 mas6 #e#a" #n!!' Seo%an! "asen mas$ $a%ena a%5a4 Hea%#

    Fal%e (HF) an! 55e%#a #e%na#a 2!a "os# mala%a' Ka%ena "asen n men5a"a# $nn n2e$s&

    5la$$an "eman#aan -K*' Pasen 5na#a$an #5a$ men!alam ee$ sam"n! $nn an!

     be%6bn!an 5en!an HF an! 55e%#a' Seo%an! "asen 6aml men5e%#a 5a%e a$#' Pena$# "ene%#a

    lan a5ala6 #"6o5& Ine$s Sal%an Ken4n! (ISK) 5an 6"e%#ens'

    Ef(& Sa*-in Kinin' +e%2a5na ee$ sam"n! oba# 55a"a# 5a% 5es$%"s %ea$s "asen be%"a

    $el6an8$el6an "asen se#ela6 mene%ma $nn'&selan # 2!a 5"e%#mban!$an a$#o%8a$#o% lan an!

    5a"a# 2!a men2a5 "enebab a#a mem"e%be%a# ee$ sam"n! $nn' Pena$# mala%a 2!a 5a"a#

    menmbl$an bebe%a"a !e2ala an! sama 5en!an ee$ sam"n! $nn se"e%# mal& mn#a6& "sn!&

    sa$# "e%#& 5a%e 5an 6"o!l$em(19)' Da% 3; "en5e%#a an! 5#el#& 3/ "asen (??&?9@) men!alam

    ee$ sam"n! $nn se5an! / "asen (&@) #5a$ men!alam ee$ sam"n! an! be%a%# 5an / "asen

    5alam $ea5aan $oma se6n!!a #5a$ 5a"a# 5aan4a%a' Ke5a "asen n a$6%na menn!!al' -e$ 

    sam"n! an! 5alam bsa leb6 5a% sa# ee$ sam"n! an! be%a%# se"e%# #eln!a be%5en!n! (?@)&

    #l (@)& sa$# $e"ala (1e%#!o (1=@)& mal mn#a6 (@)& "en!l6a#an $ab% (19@)& ne% "e%#

    (

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    10/15

    6"o!l$em #5a$ mn4l& $a%ena $emn!$nan "asen8"asen an! 5#el# mene%ma 5e$s#%osa e%#!o& ma#a $ab%& ne% "e%#& ban! a% $e4l me%a6 5an !a#al'

    Se5an!$an ee$ sam"n! an! be%sa# "ossble a5ala6 sa$# $e"ala& >e%#!o& mal mn#a6& "en!l6a#an

    $ab%& ne% "e%#& !a#al& sesa$& ban! a% $e4l me%a6 5an

    5a%e'

    Knn& se"e%# oba#8oba# o#o#o$s$ lan 5a"a# menebab$an "ens#an "en5en!a%an #ons#n!! selama "enan!anan mala%a& #e#a" "asen8"asen mn!$n 5a"a# leb6 #enan! $a%ena ee$ #

    a5ala6 %e>e%sble 5a"a# bal$(1/) ' Al#e%as8Al#e%as >as$la%& #e%#ama >aso$ons#%$s "a5a s#%a

    >as4la%s& s"%as#%al l!amen# 5an memb%an basla% a#a sa# ee$ a%ma$olo!s lan!sn! "a5a sel

    %amb# mn!$n 5a"a# men2a5 alasan an! %ele>an' e$ansme 5a% "e%sa$an "en5en!a%an mn!$n

    Sama 5en!an salsla#' Se4a%a analo!& $nn 2!a 5a"a# men!n5$s "e%ba6an8"e%ba6an %e>e%sble

    5an 4e"a# "a5a ele$#%o%e#no!%am an! mana men!6asl$an sa# ee$ lan!sn! "a5a n!s sel %e#na'

    Pa5a mala%a& $onsen#%as "lasma 5a% $nn 5na$$an seban5n! 5en!an be%a#na "ena$#

    a$ba# $on#%a$s >olme 5s#%bs 5an "en!%an!an "a5a $l%ens ss#em$(11&1/)' A5ana "enn!$a#$an

    $a#an "%o#en "lasma 5a% $nn "a5a mala%a(1) #e%#ama a$ba# menn!$a#na $a#an "%o#en ase

    Page10

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    11/15

    a$# an! be%6bn!an 5en!an be%a#na "ena$# 5an n 5a"a# men2elas$an men!a"a #o$ss#as $nn

    an! se%s #5a$ laEm #e%2a5'

    Penel#an Bnna! e# al'(1;) #5a$ menem$an ee$ sam"n! sebana$ an! 52m"a "a5a

     "enel#an n' Pa5a "enel#an #e%seb# 6ana 5#em$an ee$ sam"n! be%"a mal& mn#a6& !an!!an

    $esemban!an& $e6lan!an nas ma$an 5an #eln!a be%5en!n!' Hal n mn!$n $a%ena sens#>#as

    an#a%a o%an! In5onesa be%be5a 5en!an o%an! +6alan5 an! men2a5 sam"el 5a% "enel#an Bnna!

    5an ee$ sam"n! n"n #e%2a5 6ana be%sa# semen#a%a 5an men!6lan! se#ela6 oba# 56en#$an'

    en%# Pa%ola e# al'(1=)& ala"n $nn mas6 ee$# "a5a $ebana$an "asen& 5"e%l$an

     "en!!naan #!a $al se6a% 5an 5a"a# menmbl$an ee$ sam"n! an! #5a$ men!ena$$an (mal&

    mn#a6& ne% $e"ala& #%emo%& #n#s& "en%nan n!s "en5en!a%an& 5so%a 5an 6"o!l$ema)'

    Pembe%an $nn selama = 6a% 5an ee$8ee$ sam"n! an! #mbl 5a"a# mem"en!a%6 $e"a#6an

     "asen 5en!an "enan!anan $nn' Namn 5em$an& "en!%an!an lama "en!oba#an 5a"a# menebab$an

    $emn!$nan #e%2a5na %e$%5en4e.

    Dalam menan!an $emn!$nan %s$o ee$ sam"n! oba#& 5"e%l$an "e%an a"o#e$e% an#a%a lan

    5en!an membe%$an $onseln! "asen an! be%$a#an 5en!an ee$ sam"n! se6n!!a 5a"a#

    menn!$a#$an $e"a#6an "asen& mela$$an 5en#$as 5an 5o$men#as "a5a %e$am me5s "asen

    (#e%#ama "asen an! be%s$o8#n!!)& "eman#aan $onsen#%as oba# 5alam se%m n#$ memas#$an

    %en#an! #e%a"e#$ an! 5a"a# 5#e%ma 5an menesa$an 5oss85oss "a5a "asen #e%#ama "asen8

     "asen 5en!an !an!!an n!s !n2al a#a 6a#'

    Dalam "enel#an n& "enel# #ela6 mela$$an $onseln!& "eman#aan 5an "en4a#a#an an!

     be%$a#an 5en!an ee$ sam"n! $nn' Peman#aan 5la$$an n#$ mel6a# $emn!$nan 5a%

    $e"a%a6an a$ba# ee$ sam"n! 5a% $nn an! mn!$n meme%l$an "en!6en#an oba# 2$a oba#

    al#e%na# #e%se5a (seo%an! "asen men!alam n#ole%ans $nn& $nn 56en#$an 5an 5!an# 5en!an

    !olon!an a%#6eme#e% n2e$s)' Pa5a bebe%a"a "asen& ee$ sam"n! 6lan! se#ela6 bebe%a"a 6a%

     "embe%an $nn' Pa5a "enel#an n& "embe%an #amba6an oba# n#$ menan!an ee$ sam"n! $nn

    #5a$ 5"e%l$an $a%ena ee$ sam"n! an! #mbl #5a$ #e%lal "a%a6 5an mmna 6lan! a#a

     be%$%an! se#ela6 bebe%a"a 6a% "embe%an $nn a#a se#ela6 $nn 56en#$an'

    Page11

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    12/15

    In%(ra&si O,a% yan M(*-(nar$hi Ef(& Sa*-in Kinin. Ka2an8$a2an "a5a #$s #ela6

    mem"e%l6a#$an ba6a $nn se4a%a "%me% 5me#abolsas ole6 6a#' Pa5a mansa $%a8$%a /0@ 5a%

    5oss o%al 5e$s$%es$an "a5a %n 5alam ben#$ #e#a"(1?)' Ka%ena $nn seba!an besa% 5me#abolsas

    ole6 bo#%anso%mas o$s5a# m$%osomal 6e"a#$& n#e%a$s an! "en#n! se4a%a $lns an#a%a sme#5n

    5an $nn bsa #e%2a5' Som"on e# al'(19)& menel# "osbl#as n#e%a$s n 5en!an memban5n!$an ee$ 5a% sme#5n 5an %an#5n se4a%a a%ma$o$ne#$a 5en!an $nn 5oss #n!!al "a5a %elaan8%elaan

    no%mal' Penel#an #e%seb# menm"l$an ba6a sme#5n 5a"a# menebab$an #e%2a5na sa#

    %e5$s s!n$an "a5a $l%ens o%al 5a% $nn' Ran#5n #5a$ mem"na ee$ be%ma$na "a5a $l%ens

    a#a m%"a%6 5a% $nn' In#e%a$s an! $el6a#an an#a%a $nn 5an sme#5n mn!$n mem"na

    m"l$asm"l$as #e%a"e#$ be%"a "enn!$a#an $e2a5an ee$ sam"n!' Peman#aan $6ss "e%l

    5la$$an "a5a "asen8"asen an! men!!na$an oba#8oba# n' ,n#$ men!6n5a%$an ee$ an!

    me%!$an an! 5sebab$an n#e%a$s oba#& "ema$aan %an#5n mn!$n 5a"a# men2a5 "l6an "a5a

     "asen8"asen an! meme%l$an sa# an#a!ons %ese"#o% H/ be%sama8sama 5en!an $nn'

    en%# +a#%o(/0&/1) n#e%a$s sme#5n 5an $nn meml$ $ema$naaan $lns be%"e%n!$a# &

    mla $e%2a n#e%a$s 5elae5 (ee$ #5a$ a$an #e%2a5 sam"a bebe%a"a 6a%)& #n!$a# $e"a%a6an

    n#e%a$sna mno% (ee$ %n!an a#a #5a$ be%ma$na) 5an la"o%an #e%2a5na "ossble (n#e%a$s 5a"a#

    #e%2a5 #a" 5a#a #e%ba#as)& 5mana "e%n!$a# menn2$$an n#e%a$s an#a%a $e5a oba# n $ema$naan

    $lnsna $%an!' -e$ sme#5n be%"a "en%nan $l%ens o%al $nn 5an menn!$a#$an a$# "a%6

    elmnas $nn' e$ansme n#e%a$s an! #e%2a5 a5ala6 sme#5n men!%an! me#abolsme $nn

    5en!an men!n6bs ss#em enEm m$%osomal o$s5as 6e"a#$' Pe%l 5la$$an "eman#aan ee$ 

    sam"n! a#a #o$ss#as $nn 2$a oba# n 5be%$an be%samaan(/0&/1)' Pa5a "enel#an n& sebana$ =

     "asen (19&

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    13/15

    BAB III

    KESIMPULAN

    Da% "en!ama#an $e2a5an ee$ sam"n! $nn& sebana$ 3/ "asen (??&?9@) men!alam ee$ 

    sam"n! $nn se5an! / "asen (&@) #5a$ sama se$al men!alam ee$ sam"n! an! be%a%#' -e$ sam"n! an! 5alam leb6 5a% sa# ee$ sam"n! an! be%a%# se"e%# #eln!a be%5en!n! (?@)& #l

    (@)& sa$# $e"ala (1e%#!o (1=@)& mal mn#a6 (@)& "en!l6a#an $ab% (19@)& ne% "e%#

    (

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    14/15

    BAB I/

    DAFTAR PUSTAKA

    • Sn!$a% S& P%ba5 7' ala%a' a$a%#a: Bala Pene%b# FK,I 199

  • 8/18/2019 Makalah Farmakoepidemiologi Sharifah Shaniyah ( 1301090 )

    15/15

    •  Na%an2o A& Bs#o ,& Selle%s -& San5o% P&RE I& Robe%#s -A' A me#6o5 o% es#ma#n!#6e

     "%obabl# o a5>e%se 5%! %ea4#ons' lnP6a%ma4ol +6e%' 19?1'30: /398/e%se 5%! %ea4#ons' Am P6a%m -54' 1999';3:1998/0e%sble 6!68#one 6ea%n! loss' B% ln P6a%ma4' 1990'/9:=?08/'

    • 76#e N& .ooa%eesan S& 7a%%ell DA&7a%%ell & Bnna! D& Ha%nas#a +' nne

     "6a%ma4o$ne#4s an5 #oC4# n 4e%eb%al an5 n4om"l4a#e5 al4"a%m mala%a' Am e5'

    19?/' =3:;a: .on5on S46ool o H!ene an5 +%o"4a

    e54ne 19?1' 1=