Majalah Integritas OKTOBER 2013

7/22/2019 Majalah Integritas OKTOBER 2013

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<DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

IG]LN _GNLVDCLY ;

_rjh IU _rdyltnl Leiurrlsydi, VC, _c.I, HFELre _rjh IU KG. Vlcgtlpy, VC, BL _rjh IU Ujb`d Ltblslsbdtl, VC. @@B _rjh IU Vuclridbln, VG _rjh IU B Ilui Vd`l`lcd, VC, BC

_rjh IU Linln Euyunm Nlsutdjn, VC _rjh IU I. Acublrml VC, BC _rjh IU Fclnirl ]dklyl, BVd, BB _rjh IU Blrikjnj Ugasjidputrj, VC, BL _rjh Clrardstutd Clrardsnjwj, VC, BL, _cI _rjh IU Ejbgr _lslrdeu _rjh IU Kjnd Gbdrsjn, VC, BC

IG]LN _GNMLULC ;

C. Jgtjyj Wsbln, VC IU Hrlns Cgnirl ]dnlrtl, VC, BC IU CB.Klhlr Vdida, VC, BC, B.An, Lre Kuicd Vunlrid, BEL Buclbbli B. Elnlpjn, V_i, BVd

_GBDB_DN _GUWVLCLLN ;

IU Kdbby Euid Clrdylntj, VC, BC, BEL, IEL

]LAD@ _GBDB_DN _GUWVLCLLN ;

Vwlrd Lrdzjnl, VC

_GBDB_DN UGILAVD ;

Cgnirda Lrylntj, VC

VGAUGYLUDV UGILAVD ;

Jatlvdlnus LBV, VC, BC

UGILAYWU _G@LAVLNL ;

Lnirgls VF Cutlmlùnm, VY

UGILAYWU ;

Xdftjr Ulqul`, VG Ujy KV, V.Vd

Kusjn Blùiidn [ldnl` Vdileutlr Vunmmu` Yublnmmgr @l Jig Leiu`, VC, VG

UGILAYWU VGNDJU ;

Wsbln Mublntd

AGWLNMLN ;

Bumd Clstutd, VC, BAn

LIBDNDYULVD & DA@LN ;

Ugstgty Nurflcyl, VC.

VGAUGYLUDLY ;

Xgrlwlty Njvdtl

_GNGUEDY ;

_Y. Bgidl Ajbundtls _rdbl

ELNA ;

Elna ]dniu Agntklnl Dntgrnlsdjnl` Yea. Flelnm Fdednjnm. Lf. <??<696<33 ln. _Y. Bgidl Ajbundtls _rdbl

L@LBLY UGILAVD ;

AJB_@GA UWAJ ULIGN DNYGN NJ.3L @Y.5

K`. Ulidn Dntgn DD, Iurgn Vlwdt Klalrtl Ydbur

Yg`p ; ?5<-388 <9<?6 Hlx ; ?5<- 388 ?56<8

C_. ?3=3 =78 =34 <7

Gbld` ; bgidl.dntgmrdtlsOmbld`.fjb

rgilasdO bgidldntgmrdtls.fjb

www.bgidldntgmrdtls.fjb

VWLUL UGILAVD DNYGMUDYL

Jrmlndslsd dlil lnidnm

Blkl`lc ylnm lil id tlnmln Lnil, pgbelfl, lil`lc gidsd ?=-Jatjegr 5?<6.Al`d dnd, albd bgnylkdaln tu`dsln tgntlnm gntlrl Nlsdjnl` Dnijngsdl (ND).Vuilc plstd, dtu lil aldtlnnyl ignmln pgrdnmltln CW ag-83 ND, ylnmtlcun dnd bgnmusunm tgbl ‒_rjhgsdjnl`, Bd`dtln, Vj`di iln Egrslbl UlayltND Ault‒.

Adtl bg`dclt ND lil`lc sultu jrmlndslsd ylnm bgbd`dad mlrds ajblnijylnm rlpd iln tgruaur. Cdnmml adnd, id ngmlrl egslr dnd, egùb lil sltu punjrmlndslsd ylnm ilplt bgnlnidnmdnyl. Id blnl pjsdsd ND il`lb pgrgeutln

aursd agaulslln tlcun igpln: Dtu`lc pgrtlnylln pgntdnm ylnm pgrù idklwlepgtdnmmd ND.

Tlnm kg`ls, adnd suilc lil sgkub`lc pgnsdunln kgnigrl` ylnm laln dautbgrlbldaln _gbd`dcln _rgsdign 5?<9. Bdsl`nyl, ]drlntj ilrd _lrtld Clnurliln _rjejwj Vuedlntj ilrd Mlrdnirl, Vutdyjsj ilrd _A_D, _rlbjnj Gicdg ]dejwj. iln Girdlrtjnj Vutlrtj (iul ylnm tgrlacdr blku bgnklid flprgs`gwlt Ajnvgnsd Flprgs _lrtld Igbjarlt). Blal, bunfu``lc dstd`lc ‐pgrlnmedntlnm‒.

DNYGMUDYLV tg`lc bgwlwlnflrld Kgnigrl` ND Bjgìjaj (_lnm`dbl ND),_rjh Ir Euid Vjgsd`j Vjgplnikd (Muegrnur @gbclnls), _rjh Ir Darlr Nusl

Elatd (@D_D), Blykgn Clrtdni Lsrdni (Agbcln), Ir Vl`db Vldi (pgnmlbltbd`dtgr), iln Clrds Lzclr ilrd Ajntrls.

Wntua Uuerda Vgpla grklnm albd bgnlbpdàln _rjh Ir Kusuh Lnwlr,blntln Bgntgrd Agulnmln iln blntln Iutl Egslr Dnijngsdl untua Kgplnm.Agtdal bgnklelt Bgnagu iln iuegs, Kusuh bgbeult sgkub`lc tgrjejsln.

Blsdc elnyla `lmd tjajc-tjajc ylnm bgnmdsd ruerda sgpgrtd Edrjarlt ElplaUjy Vuryj (Bgbpjrl), Lil tjajc hgnjbgnl` _rjh Lndgs Elswgiln ylnmblku bgnklid Fl`jn _rgsdign `gwlt Ajnvgnsd _lrtld Igbjarlt iln blsdcelnyla `lmd tjajc-tjajc `ldn ylnm `lyla untua idelfl plil gidsd dnd ylnmalbd slkdaln sgflrl gaùsdh.

Albd egrclrlp slrln iln ardtda ilrd pgbelfl lmlr DNYGMUDYLV (Elfllnplrl _dbpdnln) sgbladn tlklb iln tgrpgflyl.

grdbl alsdc.

Vg`lblt Bgbelfl.



5 DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

VWULY _GBELFL

Ugilasd bgngrdbl slrln, jpdnd, ltlu

agùcln ilrd pgbelfl. Adrdb ag gbld` ;

bgidl.dntgmrdtlsOmbld`.fjb

Adnd`lc Vlltnyl, Kjajwd

Clrlpln elnyla jrlnm adnd

idmlntunmaln ag punila Kjaj

]dijij, Muegrnur IAD Klalrtl

ylnm edlsl idslpl Kjajwd. _grnlc

bgbdbpdn Ajtl Vj`j, Klwl gnmlc,

iln egrclsd`, Kjajwd idnd`ld sltu-

sltunyl fl`jn prgsdign ylnm pls

untua bgbdbpdn Dnijngsdl blsl

igpln.

Cdnmml igtda dnd, tdila sgjrlnm pun

id ngmgrd dnd ylnm ilplt bgnlnidnmd Kjajwd il`lb cl` bgnlrda sdbpltd

blsylrlalt. dila ltlu egùb lil.

@ufunyl, sgkub`lc tjajc nlsdjnl`

bl`lc idslnidnmaln ignmln Kjajwd

sgelmld fl`jn wlad` prgsdign 5?<9.

Vgbu`l lil sulrl-sulrl ylnm

bgbjkjaaln Kjajwd. Lil pu`l

ylnm bgnd`ld wjnm Vj`j dnd egùb

wlatunyl bgnklid pgbdbpdn

nlsdjnl`. Altlnyl, sgeldanyl Kjajwd klnmln bgnfl`jnaln idrd sgalrlnm,

nlntd slkl plil _d`prgs 5?<4.

Cltd-cltd, dtu lil`lc pgnilplt

plrl fl`jn pgsldnm. Bgrgal ylnm

agtlautln bgnmclilpd Kjajwd id

_d`prgs 5?<9. grblsua id il`lbnyl

lil`lc pgnmlblt pj`dtda. Ej`gc klid

plrl pgnmlblt dtu tg`lc idplald

j`gc jrlnm-jrlnm ylnm dnmdn blku

bgnklid flprgs. Vdlpl tlcu.

Bgnurut slyl, dnd`lc bjbgntub

elmd Kjajwd untua bgnklid prgsdign.

dila lil edsl bgnklbdn elcwl

plil pd`prgs egrdautnyl Kjajwd tgtlp

idlnmmlp `lyla bgnklid pgbdbpdn

nlsdjnl`. Elmldblnl al`lu tgrnyltl

prgsdign clsd` _d`prgs 5?<9 idlnmmlp

elda: Elmldblnl al`lu nlntd bunfu`

wlklc elru ylnm idlnmmlp `gedc jagagtdbelnm Kjajwd:

Vgalrlnm, Kjajwd, sgalrlnm.

Leiu` Ulcbln

Agejn Bg`ltd, Klalrtl _uslt

Dnijngsdl Lspl`

Bgidl blssl (fgtla iln g`gatrjnda)

bgnmlnmalt tjpda utlbl pgnj`lalnpgngbpltln @urlc @gntgnm Lmunm,

Klalrtl Vg`ltln, ylnm agegtu`ln

egragyladnln egregil ignmln plrl

pgnigbj ignmln bgnmltlsnlblaln

wlrml.

Vlyl tdila cleds pdadr bg`dclt lasd

bgrgal alrgnl adtl bgnklid lsdnm id

rublc sgnidrd. Vlyl sunmmuc agfgwl

bg`dclt blsdc elnyl rlaylt ngmgrd

dnd ylnm egrplnilnmln t sgbpdt.

lcualc bgrgal sgklrlc egridrdnyl

Ugpue`da Dnijngsdl:

Agedngalln adtl tgrajyla j`gc

jrlnm-jrlnm Dnijngsdl lspl` (ls`d tlpd

pl`su) dtu alrgnl bgrgal sgj`lc tdila

bgnmgrtd sgklrlc. Elcwl, ngmgrd adtl

dnd ididrdaln j`gc plrl pgbdbpdn

elnmsl ylnm egregil lmlbl.

lpd adtl egrsyuaur adtl blsdc

bgbd`dad pgbdbpdn-pgbdbpdn ylnmbgnmgrtd sgklrlc iln pgrkulnmln

plrl pgnidrd elnmsl sgcdnmml tdila

blu ididatg.

Tlylt Ylua

Blclsdwl _rjmrlb Blmdstgr _V

Elniunm, Klwl Elrlt

_gngmlaln Cuaub YgrusEgmdnd, Idklbdn Ngmlrl Dnd

Lberua

Vllt dnd pgngmlaln cuaub id

Dnijngsdl suilc ag tdtda nlidr

alrgnl clbpdr sgbul tdnmaltaln id

pgngmla cuaub kustru tgrkgrlt alsus

pg`lnmmlrln cuaub. Elnyla cladb

agnl sulp, klasl agnl sulp, pj`dsd

ajrupsd, iln livjalt bldn sjmj. Dtusgbul euatd iln rgl`dtls ylnm clidr

id blsylrlalt adtl sllt dnd. Egtu`,

cuaub clnyl tlklb ag elwlc tlpd

tubpu` ag elwlc.

Egegrlpl alsus egslr, sgpgrtd

alsus Fgntrury, Clbel`lnm, iln

E@ED, clnyl rlbld id tdnmalt

pj`dtda iln idedlraln bgnklid l`lt

tlwlr-bgnlwlr il`lb egrpj`dtda.

_gngmlaln cuaub bgblnmdelrltnyl blsdc kluc plnmmlnm ilrd

lpd. Cuaub edsl idpgrbldnaln.

Blal, klnmln sgal`d egrclrlp alsus-

alsus egslr edsl idtuntlsaln.

_lrl pgngmla cuaub, slilr`lc. Adnd,

suilc tdila lil `lmd ylnm nlblnyl

agwdelln cuaub. Al`lu cl` dnd tgrus

idedlraln, idklbdn ngmlrl dnd elal`

lberua.

Lmustdnus Cutlkuù@gntgnm Lmunm, Klalrtl Vg`ltln




9=XDVDJNGU

Kgnigrl` YND Bjg`ijaj, _lnm`dbl YND ;

" Vlyl Ygmlsaln,

YND Ydila @jyl` Agplil _lrtld"

8=EDUJAULVD

Ujy Vuryj, Bgnpjrl ;

_lil Bu`lnyl lil`lc Vlnmsd...

VJUJYLN 5=▯ Ugarutbgn Fl`jn _NV 5?<6, Ydlil Fg`lc

Edlt _gsgrtl Ydtdpln

▯ _gnylnilnm Flflt Egrclrlp Ilplt Kltlc

<%

▯ Lzwlr Leuelalr (bgnpln) ; Kdal Blsdc Egru`lc, Tl Idpgflt Vlkl

EGUDYL ILGULC 68 Agrlklln _j`dtda Ultu Ltut Mjylc:

_J@DYDVD 79 Yls`db Fclndlmj, Lnmmjtl Ajbdsd DDD I_U UD ;

<7 Ylcun Ughjrblsd, _gngmlaln Cuaub

Blsdc Klid Dbpdln

EDVNDV & NDLML 73 Flptldn Yjtj Vjgelnijrj,\ul`dty, Vlhgty &

Vgfurdty Idrgftjr ;

Vgbul Clrus Ygruaur iln _lstd

GSGFWYDXG 86 Tgnd Hltblwltd , Fjrpjrltg @gml` Idrgftjr

WND@GXGU ; Ygrjejs Vdstgb, Elnmun ylnm

@gedc Elda

ENN =9

_UJHGVJU =8 _rjh Lirdlnus G`dlstl Bg`dl`l, _cI

Ajbdsdjngr AJB_J@NLV ;

Ajbpj`nls Edsl Ml`la Kdal Iduelc Ilslr

Cububnyl

GXGNY =4CWY YND Ag-83 YND

AJNVW@YLVD ELND 3<_GNGMLA CWAWB 35

VG_LA YGUKLNM 37 _rjh Ir Kusuh Lnwlr ;

Gas Bgnagu _gnmmlmls Dbbdmrltdjn jn

Ejlri

VGNTWB VGKGNLA 49VG@L 48

Euatdaln, YND Bgblnm Ngtrl`

34ALB_WV

_rjh Lndgs Ulsydi Elswgiln, Ugatjr Wndvgrsdtls _lrlblidnl ;

Klnmln Elsl Elsd, Elnmun`lc Aul`dtls Blnusdl



7DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

Ug`l, Ug`laln YND YurunIlrd _lnmmunm _j`dtda(Edlr`lc Bgrgal Agbel`d ag Elrla)

Bgnkg`lnm pgstl igbjarlsddtu, gntlrl Nlsdjnl`Dnijngsdl (ND) bgnklid

eulc ededr. Lil ylnm clau`yladn NDelal` tdila ngtrl`. Egnlralc:

‒ND sgalrlnm dnd suilc blkuil`lb pgruelclnnyl,‒ altl IrVl`db Vldi, pgnmlblt bd`dtgr ylnm kuml ijsgn Wndvgrsdtls _grtlclnln(Wncln), Klalrtl. Idl egrclrlp, plilGrl Ughjrblsd sgalrlnm dnd blsylrlaltcgnilanyl tgrus bgnmjntrj` `lnmalciln agedklaln ND.

‒Kdal bg`dclt lil pgnydbplnmlnylnm id`laualn ND, ardtda slkl. Klnmln tlaut,‒

altlnyl il`lb wlwlnflrl ignmlnBlkl`lc DNYGMUDYLV id alwlsln_lnfjrln, Klalrtl Vg`ltln, egraldtlnignmln clrd u`lnm tlcun ag-83 ND.

Il`lb ajntgas dtu Vl`dbbgnmltlaln, sgkla rghjrblsd egrmu`drplil <443, ND daut bgniuaunmrghjrblsd. Agtdal dtu, ]drlntj-`lc_lnm`dbl ND-nyl. ‒Vlyl pdadr,agtdal daut bgniuaunm rghjrblsd,

bgrgal kuml suilc sdlp bgngrdblslrln iln ardtda ylnm bgbelnmunilrd blsylrlalt.‒

Idl tdila bgnylnmal`, sgtg`lc<7 tlcun mgrlaln rghjrblsd blsdc

elnyla agagrlsln ylnm id`laualnjanub lnmmjtl ND id `lplnmln.Bdsl`nyl, egntrjaln lntlrl janublnmmjtl ND iln janub lnmmjtl_j`rd. ‒Wkunm-ukunmnyl, plrl janubdtu bgbelwl tgblnnyl untua tgr`deltltls nlbl sj`dilrdtls agsltuln.‒

Bgnmcd`lnmaln euilyl agag-rlsln sgblflb dtu tgntu tdilasgmlbplnm bgbel`da tg`lpla tlnmln.Vjùsdnyl pgrù wlatu. Vgele, plil

zlbln pgbgrdntlcln Jrig Elru NDtgragsln gpls agnil`d sgcdnmml bgrgalelnyla bg`laualn agagrlsln.

@lntls, sjùsdnyl elmldblnl:‒Fdptlaln ijatrdn iln bgtjigpgnididaln bd`dtgr ylnmbgnmgigplnaln kl`ln idl`jm, agtdalsgilnm blsl`lc id `lplnmln,‒ altlVl`db.

_gbdù 5?<9 egegrlpl

eu`ln `lmd. Vgtg`lc

dtu, pgbdù prgsdign.

Adnd, nlbl-nlbl elal`

fl`jn prgsdign suilc

egrbunfu`ln, tgrblsua

elal` flprgs ejijnm

(kluc ilrd bgbgnucd

sylrlt; tdila punyl

plrtld, bdndb ilnl,

iln tdila pjpu`gr).

_lilcl`, untua bgrgeut

agaulslln, alilnm kumlidpgrùaln sgnkltl.

@L_JULN WYLBL



=DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

Clrd Lzclr, Ajjridnltjr Ajrelndnila Agagrlsln iln Jrlnm Cd`lnmltlu Ajntrls, agplil Blkl`lcDNYGMUDYLV .

Idl bgnd`ld, untua bgùrusalnsgklrlc dtu slkl _rgsdign Vusd`jElbelnm Tuicjyjnj egrndlt puntdila. ‒_lilcl`, idl suilc egral`d-al`degrklnkd bgnuntlsalnnyl. Nyltlnyl klnkd dtu slbpld sgalrlnm clnylrgtjrdal.‒

Clrds bgngmlsaln, alrgnl tdilaaunkunm bgbgnucd klnkd pj`dtdanyl,Ajntrls bgnydbpuàln prgsdignylnm egr`ltlr eg`lalnm bd`dtgr dtutgtlp bg`dniunmd egrelmld alsuspg`lnmmlrln CLB lmlr tla tgrunmalp

ag pue`da. Vgal`dpun egmdtu, idlbgnmlaud tgrklid pgruelcln fuaupegrlrtd id tueuc ND, bdsl`nylagedklaln ylnm bg`lrlnm ND tdilaegredsnds sgrtl pgnmclpusln ajblnijtgrdtjrdl`.

Idl bgnd`ld, il`lb pgrkl`lnlnrghjrblsd blsdc tgrklid alsus-alsus agagrlsln ylnm id`laualnND. _gbdslcln ND-_j`rd kumlbgndbeuàln elnyla egntrjaln

sda iln ajntla sgnkltl ilrd agiulagsltuln dtu sgcdnmml bgndbeuàlnelnyla ajreln kdwl.

‐ND bgblnm suilc id`lrlnmegredsnds tlpd hlatl ylnm adtl `dclt id`lplnmln blsdc elnyla janub NDylnm bg`laualn edsnds d`gml` ilnbgnklid l`lt aglblnln pgruslclln,‒tlbelcnyl.

Vjl` UWW Ajbpjngn Flilnmln(Ajbfli) ylnm adnd sgilnm idelcls

id I_U, Clrds bgnmltlaln, Ajntrlslil`lc sl`lc sltu ag`jbpja fdvd` sjfdgty ylnm bgnj`la UWW dtu. Hlatlnyl, id`lplnmln kuml elnyla lnmmjtl NDylnm tdila sgtuku agclidrln UWWAjbfli alrgnl lil egegrlpl pjdnplsl` tgntlnm agedklaln wlkde bd`dtgrelmd blsylrlalt. ‒Agclidrln UWWAjbfli clnyl untua bg`dmdbdtlsdplsualn sdpd` bd`dtgr ylnm blrla

tubeuc sueur sgalrlnm dnd.‒

Idl bgnmdnmltaln, sgùrucblsylrlalt lil`lc elmdln ilrd

ajbpjngn ngmlrl. Lpled`l ngmlrlil`lb sdtulsd ilrurlt, ngmlrl wlkdebgbegrilylalnnyl. Il`lb ajnidsdngmlrl ylnm ajniusdh sgpgrtd sgalrlnmAjntrls bgnj`la agclidrln UWWAjbfli. Vgele, pgbegr`lauln wlkdebd`dtgr dtu bgbeutucaln lnmmlrlnngmlrl ylnm slnmlt elnyla.

_grtlnylln Egùb Cd`lnm

ND, altl pgnmlblt pj`dtda@D_D _rjh Ir Darlr Nusl Eclatd,

bgruplaln dnstdtusd pgrtlbl ylnmbg`laualn rghjrblsd dntgrnl` ignmlnbgnmusunm plrlidmbl elru. Lilgbplt eutdr plrlidmbl elru ylnmidsjijraln ND, yland ND egruslclbgnmuelc pjsdsd iln bgtjig tdilasg`lù clrus id igpln1 bgnmuelcajnsgp ilrd bgniuiuad bgnklidbgbpgnmlrucd1 bgnmuelc ilrdflrl bgbpgnmlrucd sgflrl `lnmsunmbgnklid tdila `lnmsunm iln egrsgidlbg`laualn rj`g sclrdnm ignmln

ajbpjngn elnmsl `ldn.

Bgnurut idl, ND idlnmmlptg`lc bgnmlbed` `lnmalc fuauppgntdnm alrgnl _rgsdign Vusd`jElbelnm Tuicjyjnj bgbegrdalnplrlidmbl elru ND ylnm idlnmmlpblbpu egrpgrln il`lb igbjarlsd wl`lupun plrlidmbl elru ND dtutdila sgidadt pu`l ylnm bgnmardtda,‒

altlnyl agplil DNYGMUDYLV idrulnm agrklnyl id Mgiunm @D_D, Klalrtl.

Darlr bgnkg`lsaln, ardtdaplrlidmbl elru ND kustru iltlnmilrd pgnmlblt bd`dtgr @gtkgn (_urn)Clsnln Clede, ylnm bgnyltlalnplrlidmbl elru ND il`lbpgrkl`lnlnnyl tgrnyltl blsdc tdila kluc egil ignmln ND blsl `lù.Vgal`dpun egmdtu, altl Darlr, lilegegrlpl `lnmalc fuaup pgntdnmylnm pgrnlc idtjrgcaln j`gc Kgnigrl` ]drlntj, yland idagùlralnnyl_j`rd ilrd `dnmaunmln ND. Vgkla

dtu pu`l ND tdila `lmd egrpj`dtdailn bgnmlbed` klrla ignmln plrtldpj`dtda.

Darlr bgnd`ld, il`lb aurun wlatu <7 tlcun dnd, ND tlbpla lilpgreldaln, sgal`dpun eualn egrlrtdelcwl agdnmdnln ND untua egrpj-`dtda dtu cd`lnm slbl sgal`d. Bgnmlpl:_lsl`nyl, edlr elmldblnlpun sgeulcdnstdtusd ylnm pgrnlc bgnml`lbdndabltnyl agaulslln elda dtu ilrd

sgmd gajnjbd, pj`dtda, sgnd euilyl,iln pgrtlclnln iln aglblnln, tdilalaln builc untua id`gpls egmdtuslkl.

Cdnmml adnd, pgngntulnpjsdsd kleltln id tueuc ND blsdc`gblc alrgnl tgtlp bgnjnkjàlnlspga pj`dtdanyl. Bdsl`nyl, lplalcagblbpuln agpgbdbpdnln sgjrlnmprlkurdt ND dtu idnd`ld j`gc alrgnl




@L_JULN WYLBL

bgnilpltaln pgnmclrmlln LicdBlalylsl ltlu id`dclt ilrd alrdr jrlnmtgrsgeut il`lb pgrkl`lnlnnyl sgelmldprlkurdt ND.

Eg`lalnmln dnd, _lnm`dbl NDBjgìjaj bgblnm bgnyltlalnelcwl ND laln bgnklmlngtrl`dtlsnyl il`lb prjsgs _gbdù5?<9. Nlbun elmd Darlr, ngtrl`dtlsND blsdc bgnklid tlnil tlnyl,tgrutlbl dntg`dkgnnyl. Bgnmlpl:Vgele, egrilslraln pgnml`lbln,pltut idiuml agtdal VET bgnklidfl`jn prgsdign plil 5??9 tgrklidpgrbldnln prjplmlnil dntg`dkgn,sgbdsl` lilnyl prjplmlnil sgj`lc-j`lc VET idfdtrlaln eurua iln

idzl`dbd.Vg`lbl egùb lil agputusln

elcwl lnmmjtl ND iln _j`rd ej`gcdaut pgbdù blal sg`lbl dtu pu`lbgrgal tdila punyl wlad` id I_U,I_UI iln B_U. Alrgnl dtu, liliul agcgnila ylnm idtuku j`gc ND,yland bgrgal bdntl kltlc lmd id I_Usgpgrtd plil blsl Jrig Elru, ltludaut pgbdù.

_un, tltal`l ND tdila punyl

wlad` id I_U blal agbuidln bgrgalbgniuaunm sgflrl tdila tgrlnm-tgrlnmln flprgs gas bd`dtgr ignmlnflrl, bdsl`nyl, bunmadn, bg`laualnprjplmlnil ltlu bjed`dslsd ltlublflb-blflb flrl ylnm edslbgnmuelc clsd` sulrl pgbdù gmds`ltdhiln prgsdign.

Clrlb Cuaubnyl

Dnd pgngmlsln ilrd _lnm`dblND Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj; ND plstd

egrsdalp ngtrl` iln bgnklucd pj`dtdaprlatds alrgnl id il`lb unilnm-unilnm idaltlaln elcwl ighgndsdprlkurdt prjhgsdjnl` lil`lc prlkurdtylnm tdila egrbldn pj`dtda prlatds.

‒Albd tdila ej`gc `lmdegrbldn id pj`dtda prlatds, dtu clrlbcuaubnyl,‒ tlnils Bjgìjaj.

_lnm`dbl ND bgnyltlaln cl`

dtu il`lb wlwlnflrl acusus ignmlnBlkl`lc DNYGMUDYLV id Klalrtl.

Bgnydalpd lilnyl sgkub`lcpurnlwdrlwln ND, sgpgrtd ]drlntjiln _rlejwj, ylnm laln blku sgelmldfl`jn prgsdign UD plil _gbdù 5?<9,Bjgìjaj bgnyltlaln elnmml alrgnllil sgndjr-sgndjrnyl ylnm bgbd`dadalplsdtls bgnklid flprgs. ‒lpd plilsdsd `ldn, lplalc agclidrln eg`dlu-eg`dlu edsl bgnmgnil`daln slyl: Jc,tdila edsl. Bllh, tdila edsl. _lnm`dblND tdila edsl idagnil`daln sdlplpun. dila edsl idtlrda alnln-adrd.‒

Bjgìjaj bgngmlsaln, sgelmldprlkurdt prjhgsdjnl` idl tdila ej`gcegrbldn pj`dtda prlatds. Idl bgnmlaud

egegrlpl al`d idl bgnmunilnmplrl flprgs egr`ltlr purnlwdrlwlnbd`dtgr ag Blrals Egslr ND, tgtlpdeualn untua urusln pj`dtda prlatds,bg`ldnaln lmlr prlkurdt-prlkurdtbgnmgtlcud plnilnmln bgrgaltgntlnm ND igbd agblkuln ND.

graldt rgspjns blsylrlalttgrclilp agclidrln purnlwdrlwlnylnm blku sgelmld flprgs, Bjgìjajbgnygrlcaln sgùrucnyl agplil

rlaylt. Vgflrl prdelid idl tdilabgbpgrsjlàln ltlr eg`lalnm bd`dtgrltlu sdpd`. ‒Vdlpl pun ylnm tgrpd`dclil`lc agpl`l ngmlrl iln agpl`lpgbgrdntlcln UD, sgal`dmus sgelmld_lnm`dbl grtdnmmd ND.‒

Bgnmgnld cdrua-pdauapgrpj`dtdaln nlsdjnl` slltdnd, Bjgìjaj bgnmltlaln,agpgntdnmln ND egraldtln ignmlnpgnyg`gnmmlrlln _gbdù 5?<9 lil`lc

ND clnyl dnmdn _gbdù 5?<9 ilnsuasgsd agpgbdbpdnln nlsdjnlègr`lnmsunm sgflrl igbjarltds,`lnflr, tgrtde, kukur, egels, lid` ilnilbld, alrgnl pgbdù lil`lc blsligpln agegr`lnkutln pgbelnmunlnnlsdjnl`.

Idtlnyl sjl` lilnyl pdclaylnm bgnmltlaln elcwl ND tdilablu bgnmmunlaln cla sulrlnyl

il`lb _gbdù 5?<9, plilcl` il`lbunilnm-unilnm idsgeutaln elcwlsgtdlp wlrml ngmlrl bgbd`dadcla iln agwlkdeln ylnm slbl,Bjgìjaj bgnyltlaln pgnilplt dtutdila egrilslr. Vgele, pj`dtda ylnm

idbd`dad ND lil`lc pj`dtda ngmlrlylnm `jyl`dtlsnyl clnyl agplilngmlrl, eualn agplil pgbgrdntlc,lpl`lmd agplil plrtld pj`dtda. ‒Tlnmidpdadraln lil`lc elmldblnl ngmlrldnd lbln untua edsl bgbelnmun ilnbgnflpld agsgklctgrlln rlayltnyl,sgrtl idsgmlnd ngmlrl-elnmsl ldn.‒

ND tdila bgnmmunlaln clasulrl il`lb pgbdù lil`lc sl`lc sltuegntua kdwl kulnm iln agegslrln

kdwl ND ylnm `gedc bgnmgigplnalnagwlkdeln ilrdplil cla, sgal`dpunclanyl idklbdn j`gc unilnm-unilnm.Iln idl bg`dclt pgnmmunlln clasulrl gedc egslr builrltnyl ilrdplilblnhlltnyl.

Lil gbplt cl` pgnkg`lsln tgraldtpgrnyltllnnyl tgrsgeut. _grtlbl,ND clnyl egrlil id rlnlc pj`dtdangmlrl, eualn pj`dtda prlatds. Agiul,ND clrus hjaus plil tumls pjajaylnm bgbgrùaln sj`dilrdtls. Agtdml,ND tdila dnmdn tgrajjptlsd pj`dtdaprlatds ylnm fgnigrunm bgnmlrlcplil agpgntdnmln prlmbltds ylnmilplt bgbgflc sj`dilrdtls ND.Aggbplt, sgelmld dnstdtusd aglblnlnngmlrl, blal ND clrus strdft tgrclilp unilnm-unilnm, gtdaliln bjrl` agprlkurdtln, sgrtl clrusstrdft agplil sgtdlp ajbdtbgn, idlntlrlnyl ajbdtbgn ngtrl`dtls ylnmtg`lc idiga`lrlsdaln.

_jsdsd iln _grlnln YND

Bgnuku _gbdù 5?<9 sucupgrpj`dtdaln id Dnijngsdl sgbladnbgblnls. Agpl`l Eliln _gnididalniln _g`ltdcln Agbgntgrdln_grtlclnln, Blykgn ND Clrtdni Lsrdn, bgngmlsaln, il`lb prjsgspgbdù nlntd, pjsdsd iln pgrlnlnND il`lb pgrpj`dtdaln bgnkg`lnm




_gbdù 5?<9 lil`lc ngtrl` iln tdilabgbdcla agplil agpgntdnmln pj`dtdatgrtgntu.

Lilpun plrl purnlwdrlwlnND, ylnm sllt dnd sgilnm latdhegrpj`dtda, stltusnyl lil`lc sdpdìln eualn `lmd ND latdh. J`gcalrgnl dtu, blsylrlalt klnmln ag`drubg`dclt plrl sgndjr purnlwdrlwlnND ylnm sgilnm latdh egrpj`dtda slltdnd. ‐Bgrgal dtu suilc purnl eualnbgwlad`d agpgntdnmln ND `lmd.‒

Vgbgntlrl dtu, il`lbpgnmlblnln pg`laslnlln _gbdù5?<9, pjsdsd iln pgrlnln ND lil`lcplsdh. Lrtdnyl, ND laln tgrkun`lnmsunm il`lb pgnmlblnln pgbdù

lpled`l lil pgrbdntlln ilrd _j`rdsgsuld ignmln pgrlturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln ylnm egr`lau.

Bgnurut Clrtdni, lil tdmlagunmmu`ln pjsdtdh ylnm bgbeultflprgs/wlprgs blntln bd`dtgr._grtlbl, sjl` agpgbdbpdnln. Kgnklnmalrdgr bd`dtgr slnmlt kg`ls. Il`lbsgtdlp tlclp agnldaln plnmaltpgrsjnd`bd`dtgr egnlr-egnlr suilc tgrukdaul`dtlsnyl. Agiul, agidsdp`dnln.

Agtdml, nlsdjnl`dsbg. Nlsdjnl`dsbgprlkurdt ND tdila idrlmualn `lmdalrgnl bgblnm suilc tgrukd sgklaiuù.

‒_rlkurdt ND sdlp bltd igbdNAUD iln sg`lù bgnkunkunmtdnmmd Vlptl Blrml ylnm sgnlntdlsl

bgnklml sdalp nlsdjnl`dsbg iln rg`legrajrelnkdwl iln rlml igbd NAUD,‒Clrtdni bgnlnilsaln.

Bgnmlmubaln

Agtul @gbelml Agtlclnln

Nlsdjnl` (@gbclnls) @gtkgn (_urn)_rjh Ir Euid Vjgsd`j Vuplnikd,bgnmlau almub bg`dclt agblkulnprjhgsdjnl` ND id Grl Ughjrblsddnd.

‒Vgtlcu adtl, ijatrdn ilnagwlkdeln ND lil`lc egrpgrlnmiln bgnklml wd`lylc pgrtlclnlnngmlrl. lpd, kdal il`lb sdtulsdtdila egrpgrlnm, ND bgbpunyldagwlkdeln untua bgbegrilylaln

wd`lylc pgrtlclnln il`lb lmgnilpgrfgpltln pgbelnmunln, sgpgrtdbgbelntu agmdltln _rlbual,bgbelntu pgbelnmunlndnhrlstruatur kl`ln id egrelmld ilgrlc,iln pg`laslnlln prjmrlb agùlrmlegrgnflnl,‒ altlnyl agplil Blkl`lcDNYGMUDYLV .

Bgnurut idl, kdal lil ilgrlcylnm tgragnl egnflnl l`lb, NDbgblnm wlkde bgnj`jnm ajreln.Bdsl`nyl, agtdal ND-MLB

(Mgrlaln Lfgc Bgrigal) sgilnmegrajnstda Lfgc, tgrklid egnflnltsunlbd.

‒ND lnmsunm tgrkun bgnj`jnmajreln egnflnl, tlnpl bgblnilnmalwln ltlu `lwln,‒ uklrnyl.

Ulsl agblnusdlln ylnm tdnmmddtu alrgnl sgtdlp prlkurdt ND kumlsuilc idijatrdn digj`jmd agelnmslln. Klid, bgrgal bgnj`jnm sdlpl pun,tlnpl bgblnilnm lmlbl jrlnm ylnmbgrgal tj`jnm.

‒Vgele, il`lb pdadrln bgrgalclnyl lil sgblnmlt Bgrlc _utdc iln_lnflsd`l,‒ altl Euid.

Idl bgnlbelcaln, il`lblmgnil pgrilbldln iundl. ‒NDsuilc elnyla id`deltaln _EE, sgpgrtdid ilgrlc ajnstda dbur gnmlc, ilnclsd`nyl ND egrprgstlsd.‒

Edflrl sjl` ND idaldtalnignmln pj`dtda, clrus idslilrd

elcwl zlbln suilc egruelc. _lilblsl pgbgrdntlcln Jrig Elru NDbgblnm tgr`delt `lnmsunm il`lbpj`dtda alrgnl idpgrdntlcaln _rgsdignVjgclrtj bg`lùd iwdhunmsd ND.Adnd ND suilc tla egrpj`dtda `lmdiln iwdhunmsd ND suilc idfleut.

_rgsdign Vusd`j Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj suilc ignmln tgmlsbg`lrlnm ND egrpj`dtda, ilnpgrdntlc dtu clrus idkl`lnaln j`gc_lnm`dbl ND Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj.

Vgele, ND dtu clnyl pltucagplil pgrdntlc pdbpdnln. Cl` dtuegrilslraln ajnstdtusd iln bgnmlfuagplil Wnilnm-Wnilnm Njbjr6 lcun 5??5 tgntlnm _grtlclnlnNgmlrl. Vgkla WW _grtlclnln Ngmlrldtu idtgrlpaln, ND clnyl hjausbgnklid prlkurdt ylnm prjhgsdjnl`.

Vlyl bgnd`ld, idfleutnyliwdhunmsd ND bgblnm alrgnltgalnln pj`dtda plil sllt dtu iln

ND bgngrdblnyl. Hlatlnyl, sgtg`lcND bgnkl`lnaln hunmsdnyl sgelmldprlkurdt prjhgsdjnl`, kustru pj`dtdaadtl sgalrlnm dnd egùb prjhgsdjnl`.

Egraldtln ignmln pgnyg`gnm-mlrln _gbdù 5?<9, idl bgnmltlaln,lil egegrlpl alnidilt flprgs 5?<9ylnm bgruplaln blntln kgnigrl`. Lplalc lil dnidalsd flprgs blntln



<? DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

@L_JULN WYLBL

kgnigrl` laln bgnmmdrdnm NDdaut tgr`delt il`lb pj`dtda untuabgbgnlnmaln bgrgal bgnklidprgsdign:

‒Vuilc tla bunmadn lmd. Vgele,plrlidmbl pj`dtda ND bgblnmsuilc egruelc, bgrgal gedc bgbd`dcbgnklid ND prjhgsdjnl`. Agtdal kgnigrl` suilc pgnsdun egrlrtd idl dtusuilc agbel`d bgnklid jrlnm sdpd`, klid dnstruasd ajblnij dtu suilc tlalil lmd,‒ tlbelcnyl.

Idl bgnd`ld flprgs ilrd al`lnmlnblntln kgnigrl` dtu kuml slnmltigwlsl il`lb egrpj`dtda. Bgrgaltdila pgrnlc bg`laualn dntgrvgnsdpj`dtda untua lmgnil iuaunm-

bgniuaunm flprgs. Agtdal bgrgalidtlnyl sjl` wlflnl UWW AjbpjngnFlilnmln (Ajbfli) ylnm sgilnmclnmlt idelcls id egrelmld bgidl,bgrgal kuml bgnmltlaln elcwl UWWAjbfli tdila pgrù idfurdmld alrgnllil dnidalsd bd`dtgrdslsd.

Euid bgnkg`lsaln, wlatu idlblsdc id Agbcln idl idpgrflylbgnklid Agtul _jakl UWW Ajbfli.‒Klid, slyl plclb egtu` blasui

iln tukulnnyl. Kdal adtl bgblclbdWW _grtlclnln Aglblnln, sdstgbpgrtlclnln ngmlrl adtl dtu aln bgnmlnut ijatrdn pgrtlclnlnsgbgstl.‒

Lrtdnyl, bgnklml wd`lylcngmlrl, sgùruc ajbpjngn VIBiln VIL clrus idegrilylaln, eualnclnyl ND slkl. Vpgsdanyl, ND dtuajbpjngn utlbl ylnm sgtdlp wlatusdlp untua egrpgrlnm, sgbgntlrl

blsylrlalt sdpd` sgelmld ajbpjngnflilnmln. Kdal ngmlrl il`lb ilrurltpgrlnm, blal blsylrlalt wlkde dautegrpgrlnm bgbeg`l ngmlrl.

Dntrjspgasd`lc

Clrd u`lnm tlcun ND plil7 Jatjegr tlcun dnd bgruplalnbjbgn tgrelda elmd plrl dnsln NDuntua bgrgstgasdaln iln dntrjspgasd,

sgal`dmus bgbelnmadtaln sgblnmltplrl prlkurdt ND. Lnmmjtl AjbdsdD I_U Ir Vuslndnmtyls Nghj CAgrtjpltd bgnmgbualaln cl` dtuagtdal idbdntld pgnilpltnyl sjl`blanl pgntdnm CW ag-83 ND.

Idl egrpgnilplt, lil egegrlplcl` ylnm pgrù bgnklid elcln rgstgasdelmd bd`dtgr. Tldtu. prlkurdt NDtdila ej`gc egrpj`dtda prlatds. Eualnegrlrtd idklucaln ilrd pj`dtda. Bgrgal kustru clrus idegal`d pgnididaln ilnpgnmgtlculn pj`dtda ngmlrl sgflrlbgnil`lb iln bgnygùruc sgcdnmmlprlkurdt ND tgtlp ngtrl` iln bgnklidl`lt ngmlrl ylnm bgnmleid plilblsylrlalt, eualn plil agpgntdnmln

pj`dtda pgnmulsl tgrtgntu.Vuslndnmtyls agbuidln bgnm-

utlrlaln pjdn agiul ylnm pgrùbgnklid elcln rgstgasd plil CWND al`d dnd, yldtu plrl prlkurdt clrusbgbd`dad prjhgsdjnl`dsbg tgrukd._rjhgsdjnl`dsbg dnd pgrù idbd`dadbg`dclt suilc tgrklid pgrmgsgrlnlnflbln ngmlrl ylnm bgnmlrlc plilfyegr wlr ltlu pgrlnm lsdbgtrds.

_grlnm lsdbgtrds lil`lc

sultu bjig` pgpgrlnmln ylnmidagbelnmaln ilrd flrl egrpdadrylnm tdila `lzdb, iln id ùlr lturlnpgpgrlnmln ylnm egr`lau, ignmlnspgatrub pgrlnm ylnm slnmlt ùlsiln bgnflaup lspga-lspga lstlmltrl(pgrpliuln lntlrl trdmltrl; mgjmrl,igbjmrl, iln subegr ilyl l`lb,iln plnflmltrl; digj`jmd, pj`dtda,gajnjbd, sjsdl`, iln euilyl._grlnm lsdbgtrds sg`lù bg`deltalnpgpgrlnmln lntlrl iul latjr ltlu

`gedc, ignmln fdrd bgnjnkj` ilrdagaultln ylnm tdila sgdbelnm).

‒Dnd bgblnm eualn pgrgeutlntgrdtjrdl` `lnmsunm tlpd `gedc agpliljtjrdtls pgnmulslln agilu`ltlnbg`lùd tganj`jmd iln psywlr,‒ altlVusln.

Idl bgnlbelcaln elcwl cl`dnd laln egrilbpla gedc uls ignmln

bgblsuad rgùnm dpj`gasjseuielnmsl ed`l pdcla bd`dtgr tdila wlsplil. ‒Eualn tdila bunmadn adtlidùbpucaln ignmln flrl-flrl fyegrwlr tgrsgeut.‒

_jdn agtdml ylnm idmlrdselwlcdVusln lil`lc bgnmgnld lùtsdstlND. Idl bgngalnaln, lùtsdstlylnm idbd`dad j`gc ND clrus sgsuldignmln rgnflnl strltgmds (rgnstrl) ilnagedklaln BGH (bdndbub gssgntdl` hjrfg ). BGH ilplt slkl idlrtdalnsgelmld ageutucln sgegnlrnyl ilnltlu ageutucln ylnm bgruplaln dntdltlu gsgnsd ilrd ageutucln dtu sgnidrd.Il`lb elylnmln, blal gssgntdl` hjrfg lil`lc ageutucln rdd` ilrd sltu

agaultln ylnm dnmdn idelnmun.‒Klnmln nlntdnyl sllt mlntd

pdbpdnln mlntd pu`l rgnstrl. Dtu aln egrilbpla plil euimgtdnm iln `ldn-`ldn,‒ uklr Vusln.

Iln cl` tgrlacdr ylnm pgrùidpgrcltdaln ND bgnurut Vuslnlil`lc pgrdcl` egùb lilnyl unilnm-unilnm ylnm bgnmltur pgrelntulnND agplil _j`rd. ‒Cl` dnd tgntueualn slkl pgntdnm tlpd bgruplaln

cl` ylnm bg`lnilsd ajjridnlsd iuldnstdtusd lplrlt tgrsgeut.‒

_lil lacdr Klnulrd 5?<6,pdbpdnln _j`rd iln ND bgblnmsuilc bgnlniltlnmlnd bgbjrlniubjh unigrstlnidnm (BJW). _j`rdbgnygeutaln elcwl agegrlillnBJW dnd lil`lc untua bgnmdsdagajsjnmln pgrlturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln ylnm tdila bgnmlturbgnmgnld pgrelntuln tgrclilp _j`rd.

Id il`lbnyl idsgeutaln elcwlpgrsjng` ND ylnm egrtumls untuabgnmltlsd agblnln ltls pgrbdntlln_j`rd nlntdnyl laln egrlil id elwlcajblnij pdbpdnln _j`rd. Dntd ilrdBJW lil`lc sdngrmdtls lntlrl agiuldnstlnsd untua bgnmltlsd mlnmmulnagblnln ylnm sgrdnm tgrklid.

Ydb Ugilasd



<<DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

_lnm`dbl YND Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj;

Clrlb Cuaubnyl YND Egrpj`dtda _rlatds

‒_lnm`dbl YND Ydila Idagnil`daln(Jc, Ydila Edsl.

Bllh, Ydila Edsl)‒

‒A DL tdila ej`gc `lmdegrbldn id pj`dtdaprlatds, dtu clrlb

cuaubnyl,‒ tlnils Bjgìjaj._lnm`dbl ND bgnyltlaln cl` dtuil`lb wlwlnflrl acusus ignmln

Blkl`lc DNYGMUDYLV id Klalrtl.Bgnydalpd sgkub`lc purnl-

wdrlwln ND, sgpgrtd ]drlntj iln_rlejwj, ylnm laln blku sgelmldfl`jn prgsdign UD plil _gbdù 5?<9,Bjgìjaj bgnyltlaln elnmmlalrgnl lil sgndjr-sgndjrnyl ylnmbgbd`dad alplsdtls bgnklid flprgs.‐Vlyl elnmml. lpd plil sdsd `ldn,lplalc agclidrln eg`dlu-eg`dlu edslbgnmgnil`daln slyl: Jc, tdila edsl.Bllh, tdila edsl. _lnm`dbl ND

tdila edsl idagnil`daln sdlpl pun.dila edsl idtlrda alnln-adrd,‒ uklrBjgìjaj.

Il`lb aldtln dtu, agbel`dBjgìjaj bgngmlsaln, sgelmldprlkurdt prjhgsdjnl` idl tdila ej`gcegrbldn pj`dtda prlatds. Bjgìjajbgnmlaud, bgblnm egegrlpl al`didl bgnmunilnm plrl flprgs egr`ltlrpurnlwdrlwln bd`dtgr ag Blrals EgslrND, tgtlpd ajntgasnyl eualn untuaurusln pj`dtda prlatds, bg`ldnaln

lmlr prlkurdt-prlkurdt bgnmgtlcudplnilnmln bgrgal tgntlnm ND igbdagblkuln ND. ‒Vltu sdsd, sgelmldsgndjr slyl, slyl clrus plnild-plnildbg`dclt ajntgas pgrtgbuln ed`l dnmdnegrtgbu ignmln bgrgal. lpd al`luuntua urusln pj`dtda prlatds, slyllaln bgnmcdnilrd pgrtgbuln dtu,‒altl Bjgìjaj.

Elmdnyl, sdlpl pun purnlwdrlwln ylnm laln bgnklid flprgs,dtu bgruplaln cla pj`dtda prdelid idgrl igbjarlsd sllt dnd. gr`gedc plrlpurnlwdrlwln kuml suilc bgnklid wlrml ngmlrl edlsl. Bgrgal suilctgr`gpls ilrd prjhgsdnyl sgelmld bd`dtgr.‒Iln bunmadn ignmln pgnml`lblnylnm lil eg`dlu bgrlsl tgrplnmmdìln blbpu untua bg`lnkutalnpgnmleidln.‒

graldt rgspjns blsylrlalt

Dnd pgngmlsln ilrd _lnm`dbl YND Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj;

YND plstd egrsdalp ngtrl` iln bgnklucd pj`dtda prlatds

alrgnl id il`lb unilnm-unilnm idaltlaln elcwl

ighgndsd prlkurdt prjhgsdjnl` lil`lc prlkurdt ylnm tdila

egrbldn pj`dtda prlatds.



<5 DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

@L_JULN WYLBL

tgrclilp agclidrln purnlwdrlwlnylnm blku sgelmld flprgs, Bjgìjajbgnygrlcaln sgùrucnyl agplilrlaylt. Vgflrl prdelid idl tdilabgbpgrsjlàln ltlr eg`lalnm bd`dtgrltlu sdpd`. ‒Vdlpl pun ylnm

tgrpd`dc lil`lc agpl`l ngmlrl ilnagpl`l pgbgrdntlcln UD, sgal`dmussgelmld _lnm`dbl grtdnmmd ND,‒tlbelc _lnm`dbl ND.

Bgnurut Bjgìjaj, ardtgrdlpgbdbpdn ylnm plntls bgbdbpdnelnmsl dnd lil`lc pgbdbpdn ylnmngmlrlwln. Ngmlrlwln ylnm edslbgnklid tg`liln. Ngmlrlwln ylnm ed`legrlil id tgnmlc-tgnmlc rlaylt ilpltbgbelnmadtaln iln bgnmmg`jrlalnsgblnmlt sgrtl blbpu bgbjtdvlsd,

bgbegrd pgtunkua iln bgbgrdntlcignmln tgmls. ‒Dnmlrsj sunm tu`jijdnm bliyj blnmun alrsj iln tutwurdclnilylnd .‒

Bgnmgnld cdrua-pdaua pgrpj-`dtdaln nlsdjnl` sllt dnd, Bjgìjajbgnmltlaln, agpgntdnmln NDegraldtlnln ignmln pgnyg`gnmmlrlln_gbdù 5?<9 lil`lc ND clnyldnmdn _gbdù 5?<9 iln suasgsdagpgbdbpdnln nlsdjnl` egr`lnmsunmsgflrl igbjarltds, `lnflr, tgrtde, kukur,

egels, lid` iln ilbld, alrgnl pgbdùlil`lc blsl igpln agegr`lnkutlnpgbelnmunln nlsdjnl`.

Bgnmgnld lilnyl pdcla ylnmbgnmltlaln elcwl ND tdila blubgnmmunlaln cla sulrlnyl il`lb_gbdù 5?<9, plilcl` il`lb unilnm-unilnm idsgeutaln elcwl sgtdlp wlrml ngmlrl bgbd`dad cla ilnagwlkdeln ylnm slbl, idl bgnyltlalnpgnilplt dtu tdila egrilslr. _j`dtdaylnm idbd`dad ND lil`lc pj`dtdangmlrl ylnm jyl`dtlsnyl clnyl agplilngmlrl, eualn agplil pgbgrdntlc,lpl`lmd agplil plrtld pj`dtda.Bgnmlpl: Alrgnl ND tdila pgrnlcbgbdadraln agpgntdnmln idrdnyl.

‒Tlnm idpdadraln lil`lcelmldblnl ngmlrl dnd lbln untuaedsl bgbelnmun iln bgnflpldagsgklctgrlln rlayltnyl, sgrtl idsgmlnd

ngmlrl-elnmsl `ldn,‒ uklrnyl. NDtdila bgnmmunlaln cla sulrl il`lbpgbdù lil`lc sl`lc sltu egntua kdwl kulnm iln agegslrln kdwl ND ylnm`gedc bgnmgigplnaln agwlkdelnilrdplil cla, sgal`dpun clanyl

idklbdn j`gc unilnm- unilnm.Bjgìjaj bg`dclt pgnmmunlln clasulrl gedc egslr builrltnyl ilrdplilblnhlltnyl.

Lil gbplt cl` pgnkg`lsln tgraldtpgrnyltllnnyl tgrsgeut. _grtlbl,ND clnyl egrlil id rlnlc pj`dtdangmlrl, eualn pj`dtda prlatds. Agiul,ND clrus hjaus plil tumls pjajaylnm bgbgrùaln sj`dilrdtls. Agtdml,ND tdila dnmdn tgrajjptlsd pj`dtdaprlatds ylnm fgnigrunm bgnmlrlc

plil agpgntdnmln prlmbltds ylnmilplt bgbgflc sj`dilrdtls ND.Aggbplt, sgelmld dnstdtusd aglblnlnngmlrl, blal ND clrus strdft tgrclilp unilnm-unilnm, gtdaliln bjrl` agprlkurdtln, sgrtl clrusstrdft agplil sgtdlp ajbdtbgn, idlntlrlnyl ajbdtbgn ngtrl`dtls ylnmtg`lc idiga`lrlsdaln.

Eualn Iwdhunmsd @lmd Ylpd

Bu`tdhunmsd Bjgìjaj bgbegnlraln elcwl sgklrlc pgrnlc bgnfltlt elcwl LEUD (sgalrlnm ND) pgrnlcbgnkl`lnaln ajnsgp iwdhunmsd ylnmbgnmdaut sgrtlaln LEUD il`lbpgrln pj`dtda prlatds. lpd, agbel`didl bgngmlsaln elcwl sllt dnd NDtdila `lmd bgnmlrlc plil ajnsgp dtu.

‒Bgnurut slyl eualn iwdhunmsd`lmd tlpd bu`tdhunmsd,‒ uklrnyl,tgrtlwl. Bu`tdhunmsd ylnm idblasui-alnnyl agtdal ND bgbd`dad pgrln`ldn idùlr hunmsd pgrtlclnln ilnjpgrlsdbd`dtgr pgrlnm, agful`d pgrlnid pj`dtda prlatds.

Id il`lb unilnm-unilnm lilylnm idsgeut JB_ (Jpgrlsd Bd`dtgr_grlnm) iln JBV_ (Jpgrlsd Bd`dtgrVg`ldn _grlnm). Iln bu`tdhunmsd ylnmidblasui Bjgìjaj lil`lc jpgrlsd-

jpgrlsd bd`dtgr sg`ldn pgrlnm untuabgbelntu blsylrlalt agtdal sgilnmagsu`dtln. Bdsl`nyl, egnflnl l`lb,pgbelnmunln kl`ln id alwlsln ylnmsgflrl mgjmrls su`dt, bgnmclilpdtgrjrds, ag`jbpja egrsgnkltl, iln

bgbegrdaln pgrelntuln agplil_j`rd.

Bjgìjaj bgnfjntjcaln, ag-tdal pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc agsu`dtlnbgbelnmun kl`ln id pgmununmlnalwlsln _lpul, ND daut bgbelntublsylrlalt bgbelnmun kl`ln. IdAl`dblntln Wtlrl sllt dnd NDegrslbl pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc kumlsgilnm bgbelnmun tdml elnilrl ilnpgagrklnyl sgelmdln lil`lc tgntlrl._grnlc kuml tgntlrl daut egrslbl

rlaylt elcu bgbelcu bgbegrsdcalnVunmld Fd`dwunm sgcdnmml aglillnnylbgnklid `gedc elda.

Idl kuml bgnmdnhjrblsdaln,il`lb wlatu igalt dnd idrdnyl lalnbgrgsbdaln pg`gtlaln eltu pgrtlbluntua pgbelnmunln <.7?? rublc idAl`dblntln dbur.

‒Eupltd bgbelnmun <.7??rublc egrslbl ignmln prlkurdt.Elmd slyl, cl`-cl` sgpgrtd dtu lil`lc

tlnmmunm klwle bjrl`. Lpl ylnmedsl adtl egrdaln agplil rlaylt, blrdadtl `laualn. Klnmln idedlsaln ndltelda albd,‒ uklr Bjgìjaj, ylnm kuml pgrnlc bgrgsbdaln pgrublclnid `dnmaunmln aubuc alwlsln Ig`dVgrilnm, Vubltgrl Wtlrl.

Ignmln tgmls Bjgìjajbgnylbpldaln ND tdila lalnagbel`d sgpgrtd iuù ylnm bgblaldajnsgp iwdhunmsd il`lb ajntgaspj`dtda prlatds. ‒Al`lu iuù sdalp

prjhgsdjnl` ND lil`lc tuntutlnblsylrlalt, kustru sgalrlnm albdylnm bgnuntut, sgmgrl klidaln albdprlkurdt prjhgsdjnl`.‒

Cgnirda



<7DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

L il gbplt eutdr plrlidmbl

elru LEUD ylnm idsjijralnyland LEUD egruslclbgnmuelc pjsdsd iln

bgtjig tdila sg`l`u clrus id igpln1bgnmuelc ajnsgp ilrd bgniuiuadbgnklid bgbpgnmlrucd1 bgnmuelcilrd flrl bgbpgnmlrucd sgflrl`lnmsunm bgnklid tdila `lnmsunmiln egrsgidl bg`laualn rj`g sclrdnm ignmln ajbpjngn elnmsl `ldn.

_rjh Ir Darlr Nusl Elatd_gnmlblt _j`dtda ilrd @D_D

Agtdal _rjhgsdjnl`dtlsiln Ngtrl`dtls YND blsdcidpgrtlnylaln

Lnmaltln Egrsgnkltln Ugpue`da

Dnijngsdl (LEUD) bgruplaln

dnstdtusd pgrtlbl ylnm

bg`laualn rghjrblsd dntgrnl`

ignmln bgnmusunm plrlidmbl

elru LEUD.



<=DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

_j`rd ej`gc daut pgbdù, blal sg`lbldtu pu`l bgrgal tdila punyl wlad` idI_U, I_UI iln B_U. Alrgnl dtu,bgnurutnyl, lil iul agcgnila ylnmidtuku j`gc ND yland bgrgal bdntl kltlc `lmd id I_U sgpgrtd plil blsl

jrig elru ltlu daut pgbdù.

_un, tltal`l ND tdila punyl wlad` id I_U blal agbuidln bgrgalbgniuaunm sgflrl tdila tgrlnm-tgrlnmln agplil fl`jn prgsdign gasbd`dtgr ignmln flrl bdsl`nyl bunmadnignmln bg`laualn prjplmlnil ltlubjed`dslsd ltlu bg`laualn blflb-blflb flrl ylnm bunmadn edslbgnmuelc clsd` sulrl pgbdù gmds`ltdhiln prgsdign.

Adnd, bgblnm lil egegrlplflprgs ilrd al`lnmln gas bd`dtgr nlbunDarlr bgnmlbltd blsdc egùb fuaupeldanyl pjpu`lrdtls iln g`gatled`dtlsbgrgal idelnidnmaln ignmln fl`jnylnm idmlilnm-mlilnm ilrd al`lnmlnsdpd` sgbdsl` Kjajwd.

Idrdnyl aclwltdr laln tgrklidsultue`lfa flbpldmn ltlu idsdnhjrblsdagplil pue`da bgnmgnld flprgs ylnmagegtu`ln egrlsl` ilrd al`lnmlnsdpd`, wl`lupun sgegtu`nyl lil kumlal`lnmln pgnsdunln kgnigrl` `ldnnylylnm tdila agegrltln untua idpdbpdnj`gc al`lnmln sdpd`.

_lil sllt dnd, bgnurut idl, NDdelrltnyl sultu dnstdtusd ylnm di`g ,alrgnl sllt dnd clbpdr sgbul blsl`lcaglblnln idtlnmlnd j`gc pj`dsd. Lmlr ND tdila tgr`dclt di`g , blall`lnmalc eldanyl kdal pgbgrdntlcbgnumlsaln ND untua egagrkl slblignmln _J@UD untua bgnlnmalppg`lau pgngbelaln tgrclilp pj`dsdylnm eg`lalnmln dnd blrla tgrklid.

Lpl`lmd ND bgbd`dad agsltulnND ylnm slnmlt tgrlbpd` sgpgrtdMu`tjr ltlu Ignklal ylnm edslidagrlcaln untua bgbelntubgnlnmalp plrl pgbeunuc pj`dsdtgrsgeut.

‐Vlyl egrclrlp agklidlnpgngbelaln plrl pj`dsd dnd tdilalil aldtlnnyl ignmln pgrsldnmlnidal`lnmln dntgrnl` _j`rd sgnidrdltlu pgrsldnmln lntlrl ag`jbpja-ag`jbpja id tueuc _j`rd ignmln

ND sgpgrtd alsus id Fgejnmln Tjmylalrtl,‒ uklr idl.

VET, il`lb sgeulc lflrl ltdclnegrslbl tgntlrl tgntlnm elmldblnlpgnlnmmu`lnmln tgrjrdsbg ylnmiddautd j`gc <4 ngmlrl, pgrnlcbgnyltlaln, ‐Lpl sl`lcnyl al`luslyl bgblald ND untua bgnlnmlndtgrjrdsbg.‒ Vlylnmnyl, uklr Darlr,il`lb rgl`dtlnyl, pgrnlcalc VETegtu`-egtu` bgbgrdntlcaln ND

untua bgbgrlnmd tgrjrdsbg. ‐Nmmlapgrnlcaln!‒ altl idl.

Darlr bgnd`ld slbpld sllt dndND blsdc ‐tgreg`gnmmu‒ j`gc _lsl` =WW Nj.69 tlcun 5??9 tgntlnm ND.Il`lb WW tgrsgeut idnyltlaln tumlspjaja ND id`laualn ignmln jpgrlsdbd`dtgr untua pgrlnm iln jpgrlsdbd`dtgr sg`ldn pgrlnm.

Nlbun il`lb pg`laslnllnnylND blsdc ‐tgreg`gnmmu‒ alrgnllpl ylnm id`laualn ND clrusid`laslnlaln egrilslraln agedklalniln agputusln pj`dtda ngmlrl. ‐Tlnmbgnklid pgrtlnylln sgalrlnm lplalcpgbgrdntlc kuml pgrnlc bgbeultagputusln pj`dtda untua dtu,‒ tgmlsidl.

Bgnurut Darlr, lilnyl hgnjbg-nl blsylrlalt ylnm bgnmlnmmlp muragpgbdbpdnln gas bd`dtgr sgpgrtd VETylnm tdila tgmls il`lb bgnmlbedàgputusln eualn sultu uaurln elcwlblsylrlalt adnd bgrdniualn flprgsilrd al`lnmln sdpd`.

Vgele, kluc-kluc clrd nlblprlejwj sgbplt bgbd`dad g`gatled`dtlsylnm tdnmmd untua bgnmmlntdalnVET sgelmld prgsdign ag`la. Lpl`lmd,_rlewj lflpal`d idfdtrlaln sgelmldblntln prlkurdt ND ylnm tlnmmuc

iln egrlnd lbed` rgsdaj il`lbbgnmlbed` agputusln.

Nlbun bunfu`nyl sjsja Kjajwd ilrd al`lnmln sdpd` ylnm kumlbgbd`dad kdwl agpgbdbpdnln, lntlrl

`ldn, egrlnd bgnmlbed` rgsdaj untuabg`lwln lrus, blu turun agelwlciln blbpu bgnmuelc Klalrtl `gedcrlpd iln blnusdlwd, sglaln-lalnbgrgiupaln sgbul flprgs tgrblsua_rlejwj.

Lpl`lmd, tlbelc idl, Kjajwdedsl ided`lnm `gedc egrpgnml`lblnil`lb bgnmurus pgbgrdntlclnidelnidnmaln ignmln _rlejwj. Kjajwd pgrnlc bgnklelt ]l`dajtl

Vurlalrtl iln adnd bgnklid MuegrnurIAD Klalrtl. Vgilnmaln, _rlejwjblsdc idlwlnm-lwlnm alrgnl egùbpgrnlc bgnklelt id pgbgrdntlclnsgpgrtd wl`dajtl iln muegrnur.

Lnildaltl Kjajwd tgrpd`dc klidprgsdign nlntd blal dnd lil`lc grlelru il`lb pgrpj`dtdaln id Dnijngsdlidblnl sgjrlnm sdpd` dtu clrus bgndtdalrdr iuù id pgbgrdntlcln kdal dnmdnbgnklid prgsdign.

_gbdù tlcun 5?<9 lil`lc tlcunylnm bgngntualn eualn fubl eult_ID_ laln tgtlpd elmd al`lnmln sdpdùntua bgnunkuaaln elcwl bgrgaledsl klid prgsdign iln egrajbpgtdsdignmln gas bd`dtgr.

‐Al`lu dnd ylnm tgrklid blallil sultu tdtda elru elmd al`lnmln gasbd`dtgr lmlr tdila `jbplt `lnmsunmuntua bgnklid flprgs tgtlpd clruspunyl pgnml`lbln iuù, bdsl`nyl,

bgnklid muegrnur ylnm egtu`-egtuìdfdntld rlayltnyl,‒ tlnils idl.

Xdftjr/Lnirgls



<4DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

dtu ]drlntj bgnklelt _lnm`dblND. ‒Vlyl pdadr, agtdal ND dautbgniuaunm rghjrblsd, bgrgal kumlsuilc sdlp bgngrdbl slrln iln ardtdaylnm bgbelnmun ilrd blsylrlalt.‒

Clrus idlaud, agtdal ND dauttgr`delt bgnkl`lnaln lmgnil rghjrblsdylnm suilc egrkl`ln <7 tlcun dnd,blsdc elnyla euilyl agagrlsln ylnmid`laualn janub ND id `lplnmln.

‒Vgpgrtd egntrja janub ND-_j`rd ylnm sgrdnm tgrklid id `lplnmln.Wkunm-ukunmnyl, agtdal egntrjalndtu bgùls, plrl janub dtu bgbelwltgblnnyl tgr`delt egntrjaln ltlsnlbl sj`dilrdtls agsltulnnyl,‒

tlbelcnyl. Bgblnm, bgnmcd`lnmalneuilyl agagrlsln dtu tla sgmlbplnmbgbel`daaln tg`lpla tlnmln, ilnsjùsdnyl pgrù wlatu. Vgele, plilzlbln pgbgrdntlcln Jrig ElruND tgragsln `gpls agnil`d sgcdnmmlbgrgal elnyla bg`laualn ag-agrlsln. ‒Vjùsdnyl, fdptlaln ijatrdniln bgtjig pgnididaln bd`dtgr ylnmbgnigplnaln kl`ln idl`jm, agtdalsgilnm tgrklid blsl`lc id `lplnmln,‒altl Vl`db.

Wntua dtu`lc idl egrclrlpblsylrlalt daut bgnmjntrj` ND.‒Adtl klnmln `lnmsunm lpltds agtdallil lnmmjtl ND ylnm blsdcbgngrlpaln euilyl agagrlslnidtgnmlc blsylrlalt. Vgele, NDdtu `lcdr ilrd rlaylt plil blslpgrkulnmln bgrgeut agbgrigalln._lil blsl pgrkulnmln dtu pun,bgntl` iln nylwl bgrgal slnmltidpgrtlrucaln untua bg`diunmd

rlaylt. Vgele, agtdal bgrgal idlnmaltbgnklid tgntlrl bgrgal slbl sgal`dtla idegal`d sgnkltl ylnm bgblild.‒

Il`lb aldtln dtu, Vl`db kumlbgnmdnmltaln plrl tgntlrl rlaylt kustru idtumlsaln untua bgrlbplssgnkltl ilrd tgntlrl Kgplnm. ‒Blalnyl,usdl ND pun slbl 83 tlcun,sgusdl ignmln ngmlrl dnd. Iln blrd

adtl clrlpaln, lmlr ND sgbladnegrpdcla plil pgnmleidln ngmlrl,eualn agpgntdnmln-agpgntdnmlnylnm bgrusla ngmlrl.‒

Idl bgngmlsaln, tdila

bunmadn `lmd ND idsgrgt-sgrgtil`lb lrgnl plnmmunm pj`dtda. Vgele,sgalrlnm egrgbeus dsu pj`dtda elcwllil dnidalsd ND bgnmdntgrvgnsdiln tgr`delt il`lb pgbgnlnmlnagpgntdnmln pj`dtda tgrtgntu plil_gbdù 5?<9. ‒Dtu sl`lc alprlc.‒

_grù idplclbd, sdtulsd pj`dtdaid Grl Ughjrblsd suilc egruelc.Egregil ignmln ND blsl Jrig Elru,_rgsdign Vjgclrtj bgblnm bgblald

ND sgelmld l`lt agaulsllnnylignmln _lrtld Mjàlr.

‒Yjc lacdrnyl, ilrd zlbln jrigElru slbpld sgalrlnm egùb lilplrtld ylnm bgbd`dad digj`jmd ylnmault. _lil ububnyl, jrdgntlsd plrtldblsdc sgalilr edflrl agaulslln slkl,‒uklrnyl.

Vl`db bgnkg`lsaln elcwlidl suilc `lbl bgnklid ijsgn id`dnmaunmln ND, lntlrl `ldn id

Wndvgrsdtls _grtlclnln (Wncln).Vgtdlp idl bgnmlklr il`lb rulnmlnag`ls, agelnylaln blclsdswlnyllil`lc pgrwdrl egrplnmalt aj`jng`.Id sg`l wlatu bgnmlklr idl pgrnlcplnfdnm untua egrtlnyl iln idsausdbgnmgnld pgragbelnmln pj`dtda_gbdù 5?<9.

_lil ububnyl, bgrgal tdilaegmdtu tgrtlrda bgnklwlenyl. Lpl`lmdsjl` plrl blntln kgnigrl` ylnm

laln egrajbpgtdsd il`lb flprgs5?<9. _lrl pgrwdrl dtu `gedc pltucagplil ltlslnnyl alrgnl sg`lbllatdh bgnklid tgntlrl bgrgal clrusbgnkunkunm tdnmmd ijatrdn VlptlBlrml ND. ‒Klid, tla uslc `lmd`lcidaldt-aldtaln ltlu idelnmun dsu NDlaln bg`laualn blnuvgr pj`dtda idtlcun 5?<9.‒

Vgkla idfleutnyl iwdhunmsdND, ND suilc egrsdalp ngtrl`.Blsylrlalt suilc bgnml`lbdtrlnsdsd pgbdadrln ylnm slnmlt blku.Iuù, sg`lù lil plrlidmbl ylnmtgrelnmun elcwl sgjrlnm pgbdbpdn

blntln pgtdnmmd bd`dtgr slnmlt edslbgbdbpdn iln bgbelwl pgruelclnylnm `gedc elda plil ngmlrl adtl.

‒Hlatlnyl, sgalrlnm dndhgnjbgnl agpgbdbpdnln Kjajwd,Muegrnur Klalrtl, sgilnm slnmltpjpu`gr sgal`d idelcls id egrelmldbgidl. Elru idmlilnm-mlilnm survgduntua flprgs 5?<9, pjpu`lrdtlsagpgbdbpdnln Kjajwd suilcslnmlt bg`gslt bgnml`lcaln flprgs

blntln kgnigrl`, sgpgrtd _rlejwjiln ]drlntj. Lrtdnyl, plrlidmblbgnmgnld agpgbdbpdnln nlsdjnl` dtusuilc fuaup blku. Blsylrlalt adtlsuilc tla `lmd egrpltjaln sgjrlnmpgbdbpdn clrus egr`ltlr eg`lalnmbd`dtgr. Yjc pgbdbpdn ylnm egr`ltlreg`lalnm ilrd al`lnmln sdpd` suilcblbpu aja,‒ uflp Vl`db.

Ilrdplil ND idsgrgt-sgrgtag plnmmunm pj`dtda prlatds, `gedc

elda bgnijrjnm pgbgrdntlc lmlrsgrdus bgbelnmun agblnidrdlnpgrsgnkltlln (lùtsdstl) adtl. Adtl clruselnmml agtdal plerda pgbeultlnsgnkltl, sgpgrtd _ _dnili ylnmsuilc edsl bgbeult sgnkltl ignmlnaul`dtls sgcgelt B<8. _ _L@Dnijngsdl kuml suilc edsl bgbeultAlpl` Fgplt Uuil` (AFU 8? B), ilnrgnflnlnyl bgbeult alpl` sg`lbuntua ageutucln wd`lylc ag`lutlnadtl.

Al`lu ngmlrl suilc blnidrdil`lb sdstgb lùtsdstl iln tdilaeg`lnkl sgnkltl `lmd ilrd ùlr ngmgrdlnmmlrlnnyl edsl idl`dcaln untuapg`ltdcln tgntlrl lmlr gedc prjhgsdjnlìln bgnygklctgrlaln prlkurdt ND.

Lnirgls Cutlmlùnm/Xdatjr



5<DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

gbln elda bgnidlnmBgnclnalb/_lnmle Kgnigrl` B Kusuhdnd kuml bgnmltlaln, idfleutnylagedklaln sdstgb pgnmlwlsln tgrdtjrdl`ND kustru clnyl bgndbeuàlnblsl`lc elru, yland bgndnmaltnyl

alsus agklcltln. Iuù, plil blslJrig Elru, sgtdlp lil agfurdmllnplstd idplntlu j`gc Elednsl NDegrajjridnlsd ignmln ùrlc. Ilnal`lu lil sgag`jbpja jrlnm lalnbg`laualn tdnila agklcltln lnmsunmidtdnila.

Vgalrlnm, sgkla sdstgbpgnmlwlsln tgrdtjrdl` ND idfleut,pgrlnnyl idlbed` l`dc j`gcagpj`dsdln. ‒Vlylnmnyl, pgrln pj`dsd

adtl pun slbpld sgalrlnm blsdcelnyla ag`gblcln untua bg`dniunmdblsylrlalt ilrd egrelmld tdnilalnardbdnl`.‒

Ulds kuml bgnmdnmltalnpgbgrdntlc lmlr bgbpgrcltdalnajnidsd prlkurdt ND ylnm egrtumlsbgnklml wd`lylc pgreltlsln. ‒Al`luslyl dclt, ajnidsd prlkurdt adtl bgrgalblsdc kluc ilrd ylnm adtl clrlpaln,sgpgrtd bgnklml wd`lylc pgreltlsln

wd`lylc Dnijngsdl-Bl`lysdl id ilgrlcAl`dblntln, ajnidsd agsgklctgrllniln pgrsgkltlln adtl al`lc sldnm ilrdtgntlrl agrlklln Bl`lysdl.

Id sdnd`lc `gtla ag`gblclnnyl.Vgele, agtdal ngmlrl adtl `gblcbgnklml wd`lylc pgreltlsln, klrdnmlntgrjrds pun slnmlt `gùlsl bgblsuad wd`lylc adtl.‒

Lplalc kub`lc prlkurdtND suilc fuaup untua bgnklmlaglblnln ngmlrl: ‒]lc, plililslrnyl slyl egrclrlp adtl kub`lctgntlrl id ngmlrl dnd tla pgrù elnyla.Vgalrlnm dnd slkl kub`lc prlkurdt NDsuilc `gedc ilrd fuaup. Dntdnyl,tdnmml` agsgrdusln pgbgrdntlc slkluntua bg`gnmalpd lùtsdstl ilnbgnklidaln bgrgal bgnklid tgntlrlylnm prjhgsdjnl` iln sdlp sg`lù sllt

ideutucaln ngmlrl. Vgalrlnm lilpgrigeltln bgnmgnld pgbegr`lauln wlkde bd`dtgr alrgnl UWW Ajbflisgilnm idelcls id I_U. Vlyl rlsl,agedklaln dtu clrus sgeldanyl idpdadragbel`d ignmln edkla alrgnl ilnl

wlkde bd`dtgr dtu slnmlt blcl` ilnsdhltnyl egrag`lnkutln,‒ klwle Ulds Ledn.

Al`lupun nlntd ngmlrl bgbeultagedklaln wlkde bd`dtgr, pgbgrdntlcclrus bu`ld bgnmurlnmd kub`lcpgrsjng` prlkurdt ND. _gbgrdntlc kuml clrus punyl ajnsgp bgnmgnldpgnylùrln bgrgal ylnm suilcbgnmdautd wlkde bd`dtgr lmlr bgrgaltdila bgnklid dlr.

Elnidnmaln slkl, bdsl`nyl,ignmln Lustrl`dl. Kub`lc tgntlrl idngmlrl dnd clnyl 9? rdeu. Nlbun,bd`dtgr flilnmln ilrd al`lnmln sdpd`sgtdlp wlatu edsl idplnmmd` untuabgbeg`l ngmlrlnyl. Egmdtu kumlignmln Dsrlg`, kub`lc tgntlrlnylclnyl <8? rdeu. lpd, kub`lc tgntlrlflilnmln bgrgal ilrd clsd` ilrd wlkde bd`dtgr kub`lcnyl tdml kutl,ylnm sgtdlp sllt sdlp idplnmmd` untua

bgbeg`l ngmlrl.

Bgnydnmunm sjl` pgnlnmlnlnblsl`lc tgrjrdsbg, Ulds bgnmusuàln,pgbgrdntlc cgnilanyl bgbpgraultagbel`d jpgrlsd dntg`dkgn id elwlcnlunmln Eliln Dntg`dkgn Ngmlrl(EDN). ‒Dntg` ylnm elda dtu clrus lililn idl clrus pgal bg`dclt aglillnylnm laln bgnmlnflb stled`dtlsaglblnln idtgnmlc blsylrlalt.

Tl, lil eldanyl kdal pj`dsd ilnND dtu sl`dnm egagrkl slbl slkluntua bgnubpls klrdnmln tgrjrds.Yjc sg`lbl dnd slyl `dclt pj`dsdagwl`lcln kuml bgnubpls klrdnmlntgrjrds ylnm bgnygelr idsgùrucDnijngsdl. Vgidcnyl `lmd, agaultlnEliln Dntg`dkgn Ngmlrl (EDN) adtlsllt dnd kustru bgnklid hjrbl`dtls slkl,elcaln lil dnidalsd id`gblcaln.‒

Il`lb aldtln dtu idl bgb-elnidnmaln ignmln EDN plil blslJrig Elru agtdal egrlil id elwlcpgrdntlc bgnidlnm Kgnigrl` @EBjgrilnd.

‒Vlyl blsdc edsl bgrlslaln,EDN slnmlt idtlautd j`gc ag`jbpjajrlnm ylnm bgnmmlnmu aglblnlnngmlrl. Elcaln, ilun pun tla egrlndegrmjylnm, agtdal EDN bg`laualnjpgrlsd dntg`dkgn,‒ uflp Ulds, tgrtlwl.

LVGLN Fjbbundty lalnidtgrlpaln plil 5?<7. Ulds bgnmlauaclwltdr pgngrlpln LVGLNFjbbundty laln bgbeult Dnijngsdl`gedc tgrtdnmml` il`lb pgrsldnmln

gajnjbd iln laln egrilbpla plilsdstgb pgrtlclnln ngmlrl adtl.

‒Iuù slyl sgbplt egridsausdpgrsjl`ln dnd agplil plrl pgtdnmmdND. @lù Vlyl tlnyl, elmldblnlajnsgp pgrtlclnln ylnm lalnid`laualn ngmlrl adtl nlntd, al`lu LVGLN Fjbbundty idtgrlpaln.Vgele, blsylrlalt Bl`lysdl ilnYld`lni laln `gedc `gùlsl blsua agngmlrl adtl tlnpl idpgrsu`dt. Nlbun,

klwleln ylnm slyl ilplt aurlnmegmdtu bgbulsaln,‒ uflp Ulds.

Tlnm kg`ls, idl bg`dclt NDsgbladn prjhgsdjnl` bgngbpltalnidrd il`lb iundl pj`dtda. Euatdnyl,sgkla rghjrblsd egrmu`dr, suilc tdmlpgbdù id`gwltd ignmln lbln. NDsuilc punyl sdalp ylnm tgmls untuatdila blu `lmd idsgrgt-sgrgt j`gcagpgntdnmln plrtld pj`dtda prlatdssgpgrtd plil blsl Jrig Elru.

Vgele, ND suilc egrajbdtbgnuntua bgbd`dc pgnmleidlnnylagplil ngmlrl ilrd plil agpgntdnmlnpj`dtda. ‒Vlyl egrclrlp Kgnigrl`Bjgìjaj sgelmld _lnm`dbl ND edslbgnmlwl` pgbdù. Idl kuml suilcegrklnkd egrsdalp ngtrl`.‒





@L_JULN WYLBL

Dnd`lc Bjbgn Ygrelda Elmd

YND untua Bgrghgasdaln ilnEgrdntrjspgasd

Igbdadln pgnilplt

lnmmjtl Ajbdsd D I_UIr Vuslndnmtyls Nghj

C Agrtjpltd il`lb bgblnilnmblanl pgntdnm CW ag-83 ND. Dlbgnmltlaln lil egegrlpl cl` ylnmpgrù bgnklid elcln rgstgasd elmdbd`dtgr. Tldtu. prlkurdt ND tdilaej`gc egrpj`dtda prlatds. Eualnegrlrtd idklucaln ilrd pj`dtda. Bgrgal kustru clrus idegal`d pgnididaln ilnpgnmgtlculn pj`dtda ngmlrl sgflrlbgnil`lb iln bgnygùruc sgcdnmml

prlkurdt ND tgtlp ngtrl` iln bgnklidl`lt ngmlrl ylnm bgnmleid plilblsylrlalt, eualn plil agpgntdnmlnpj`dtda pgnmulsl tgrtgntu.

Vuslndnmtyls agbuidlnbgnmutlrlaln pjdn agiul ylnmpgrù bgnklid elcln rgstgasd idCW ND, yldtu plrl prlkurdt clrusbgbd`dad prjhgsdjnl`dsbg tgrukd._rjhgsdjnl`dsbg dnd pgrù idbd`dadbg`dclt suilc tgrklid pgrmgsgrlnlnflbln ngmlrl ylnm bgnmlrlc

plil fyegr wlr ltlu pgrlnm lsdbgtrds._grlnm lsdbgtrds lil`lc sultu bjig`pgpgrlnmln ylnm idagbelnmaln ilrdflrl egrpdadr ylnm tdila `lzdb, iln idùlr lturln pgpgrlnmln ylnm egr`lau,ignmln spgatrub pgrlnm ylnm slnmltùls iln bgnflaup lspga-lspgalstlmltrl (pgrpliuln lntlrl trdmltrl;mgjmrl, igbjmrl, iln subegrilyl l`lb, iln plnflmltrl; digj`jmd,pj`dtda, gajnjbd, sjsdl`, iln euilyl.

_grlnm lsdbgtrds sg`lù bg`deltaln

pgpgrlnmln lntlrl iul latjr ltlu`gedc, ignmln fdrd bgnjnkj` ilrdagaultln ylnm tdila sgdbelnm).

‒Dnd bgblnm eualn pgrgeutlntgrdtjrdl` `lnmsunm tlpd `gedc agpliljtjrdtls pgnmulslln agilu`ltlnbg`lùd tganj`jmd iln psywlr,‒ plplrVusln.

Idl bgnlbelcaln elcwl cl`dnd laln egrilbpla gedc uls ignmlnbgblsuad rgùnm dpj`gasjseui

elnmsl ed`l pdcla bd`dtgr tdila wlsplil. ‒Eualn tdila bunmadn adtlidùbpucaln ignmln flrl-flrl fyegrwlr tgrsgeut.‒

_jdn agtdml ylnm idmlrdselwlcdVusln lil`lc bgnmgnld lùtsdstl ND.Dl bgngalnaln lùtsdstl ylnm idbd`dadj`gc ND clrus sgsuld ignmln rgnflnlstrltgmds (rgnstrl) iln agedklaln BGH(bdndbub gssgntdl` hjrfg ). BGH ilpltslkl idlrtdaln sgelmld ageutuclnsgegnlrnyl iln ltlu ageutucln

ylnm bgruplaln dntd ltlu gsgnsdilrd ageutucln dtu sgnidrd. Il`lbelylnmln, blal gssgntdl` hjrfg lil`lcageutucln rdd` ilrd sltu agaultlnylnm dnmdn idelnmun.

‒Klnmln nlntdnyl sllt mlntdpdbpdnln mlntd pu`l rgnstrl. Dtu aln egrilbpla plil euimgtdnm iln `ldn-`ldn,‒ uklr Vusln.

Iln cl` tgrlacdr ylnm pgrù

idpgrcltdaln ND bgnurut Vuslnlil`lc pgrdcl` egùb lilnyl unilnm-unilnm ylnm bgnmltur pgrelntulnND agplil _j`rd. ‒Cl` dnd tgntueualn slkl pgntdnm tlpd bgruplalncl` ylnm bg`lnilsd ajjridnlsd iuldnstdtusd lplrlt tgrsgeut.‒

_lil lacdr Klnulrd 5?<6,pdbpdnln _j`rd iln ND bgblnmsuilc bgnlniltlnmlnd bgbjrlniubjh unigrstlnidnm (BJW). _j`rdbgnygeutaln elcwl agegrlillnBJW dnd lil`lc untua bgnmdsdagajsjnmln pgrlturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln ylnm tdila bgnmlturbgnmgnld pgrelntuln tgrclilp _j`rd.Id il`lbnyl idsgeutaln elcwlpgrsjng` ND ylnm egrtumls untuabgnmltlsd agblnln ltls pgrbdntlln_j`rd nlntdnyl laln egrlil id elwlcajblnij pdbpdnln _j`rd. Dntd ilrdBJW lil`lc sdngrmdtls lntlrl agiuldnstlnsd untua bgnmltlsd mlnmmulnagblnln ylnm sgrdnm tgrklid.

Ilrd sgadln pjdn ylnmidsgeutalnnyl, sgelmld wlad` rlayltVusln egrclrlp lmlr id clrd idrmlclyuylnm 83, ND sgbladn blku ilnprjhgsdjnl`.

Cgnirda

Clrd u`lnm tlcun YND plil 7 Jatjegr tlcun dnd

bgruplaln bjbgn tgrelda elmd plrl dnsln YND

untua bgrghgasdaln iln dntrjspgasd, sgal`dmus

bgbelnmadtaln sgblnmlt plrl prlkurdt YND.

Ir Vuslndnmtyls Nghj C Agrtjpltd Lnmmjtl Ajbdsd D I_U




Blykgn YND Clrtdni LsrdnAgpl`l Elida`lt Agbcln

@gedc kluc, prjhgsdjnl`dsbgND kuml ilplt id`dcltilrd agblbpuln sgjrlnmprlkurdt egagrkl sgsuld

ignmln prjhgsdnyl. Bdsl`nyl, sgjrlnmpgngbela sgnlpln bgstdblcdril`lb bgnmmunlaln sgnkltl iln

agblbpulnnyl clrus id ltls rltl-rltl.

Egmdtu kuml ignmln LnmaltlnWilrl (LW), bdsl`nyl pd`jt clrusblbpu bgngrelnmaln pgslwlt-pgslwlt tgbpur flnmmdc ylnmidbd`dad Dnijngsdl sgpgrtd Vuacjd iln kuml blbpu bgngbelaaln sgnkltlpgbuau` strltgmds uilrl ag uilrl ilnuilrl ag ilrlt sgflrl tgplt slslrln.

Vg`ldn dtu, Lnmaltln @lut

(L@) pun sg`lylanyl bgbpunyldlùtsdstl ylnm flnmmdc, iln lwlanylclrus blbpu bgngbelaaln ruilìln bdsd` tgplt slslrln. Bdsl`nyl,bgngbelaaln bdsd` F=?7 ignmln klrla flpld <5? ad`jbgtgr, clrus edslbgnmgnld slslrln ignmln tgplt.

‒Klid tj`ja uaur suilc kg`ls,al`lu agblbpuln sgjrlnm prlkurdtblsdc edlsl-edlsl slkl, blal egùbedsl idaltlaln idl prjhgsdjnl`,‒

altl Agpl`l Eliln _gnididaln iln_g`ltdcln Agbgntgrdln _grtlclnln(Alelida`lt Agbcln), Blykgn NDClrtdni Lsrdn, agplil Blkl`lcDNYGMULVD id rulnm agrklnyl,Mgiunm Elida`lt Agbgntgrdln_grtlclnln, Klalrtl, 6? Vgptgbegr`lù.

Bgnurut Clrtdni, tuntutln

Egredflrl tgntlnm YND ag igpln, blal clrus edflrl

tgraldt bjigrndslsd Lnmaltln Egrsgnkltl. Cl` ylnm

bgstd idpgrcltdaln, lntlrl `ldn, tgntlnm bjigrndslsd

lùtsdstl YND iln tcg bln egcdni tcg mun ylnm

egragnlln ignmln VIB prlkurdt ylnm prjhgsdjnl`

il`lb cl` bgnmmunlaln lùtsdstl (l`lt utlbl sdstgb

pgrsgnkltlln).

Bjigrndslsd Lùtsdstl

Yla Edsl Idtunil @lmd




@L_JULN WYLBL

bjigrndslsd lùtsdstl tdila edslidtunil `lmd alrgnl lùtsdstl dtusgnidrd bgbpunyld usdl plald. Al`lulùtsdstl tdila idbjigrndslsd, blallaln tgrtdnmml` kluc ignmln ngmlrl-ngmlrl id alwlsln LVGLN. @gedc

kluc idl bgnuturaln, sgkla rghjrblsd<443 cdnmml 5??3, ngmlrl egùbbgbjigrndslsd lùtsdstl alrgnl `gedcbgnmutlblaln pgnltlln edrjarlsdiln pgrsjng`, sgpgrtdelmldblnlbgnygklctgrlaln prlkurdt, agnldalnmlkd egral`l, rgbungrlsd, ilnpgrublcln.

‒ND plil sllt dtu egtu`-egtu`hjaus plil pgnltlln edrjarlsd ilnagsgklctgrlln pgrsjng` j`gc alrgnl

lnflbln egrsgnkltl ylnm egrlsl` ilrdùlr idnd`ld egùb tgr`lù sdmndaln,‒ kg`ls ùùsln LALEUD tlcun<436 dnd. Clrtdni bgblplraln,rgnflnl strltgmds Agbcln il`lbbgbjigrndslsd lùtsdstl tgridrd ilrdgbplt tlclp. Tland, tlclp pgrtlbl5?<?‖5?<9, agiul 5?<7‖5?<4, agtdml5?5?‖5?59, iln tlclp aggbplt 5?57‖5?54.

‐_lil tlclp aggbplt, Agbcln

bgnlrmgtaln pgbelnmunln lùtsdstlbgnflpld bdndbub gssgntdl` hjrfgs, yldtu agblbpuln bdndbl` ilrdsultu lnmaltln egrsgnkltl,‒ tgrlnmClrtdni. lrmgt bdndbub gssgntdl` hjrfgs eualn tlnpl l`lsln. Vgele,untua bgbelnmun lùtsdstl slbpldtlclp digl` bgbeutucaln edlylylnm slnmlt egslr. Wntua bgnflpldlùtsdstl ylnm digl`, Dnijngsdl clrusegrlil il`lb altgmjrd ngmlrl blku.

Bgnyjl` kub`lc ageutuclnpgrsjng` lnmaltln egrsgnkltlDnijngsdl, Clrtdni egrpgnilplt kdal egralfl plil ajnidsd agadndln,yland agtdal lnflbln pgrlnm ylnmtdila tgr`lù sdmndaln, blal kub`lcpgrsjng` lnmaltln pgrlnm Dnijngsdlsllt dnd idlnmmlp suilc fuaupbgblild.

Vgilnmaln edflrl kub`lc digl`,blal edsl idaltlaln kub`lc pgrsjng`lnmaltln pgrlnm ylnm idbd`dadDnijngsdl blsdc aurlnm. Vgbgstdnyl, kub`lc lnmaltln pgrlnm digl`nyllil`lc 6-7 pgrsgn ilrd kub`lc

pgniuiua Dnijngsdl.

_gngrdbl pgnmclrmlln EdntlnmAlrtdal Gal _lasd Nlrlryl dndbgnlbelcaln, sgalrlnm sgrlnmlnajnvgnsdjnl` ignmln bgnmmunlalnlnmaltln pgrlnm, agbunmadnlnnylagfd` untua tgrklid. Wntua edslbg`laualn sgrlnmln ag sultu ngmlrlclrus bg`lùd bgalndsbg Ugsjùsd_EE ylnm idagùlraln IgwlnAglblnln _EE.

‒Kustru ylnm idclilpd igwlsldnd eualn`lc sgrlnmln sgflrlajnvgnsdjnl`, tgtlpd sgrlnmln ylnmid`laualn ignmln bgùbpucalnsdstgb pgrtlclnln sultu ngmlrlignmln fyegr ,‒ plplrnyl.

Bgnylilrd ilcsyltnyl sgrlnmlnfyegr ylnm id`laualn ignmlnbgnmmunlaln tganj`jmd dnhjrblsd(D), Agbcln bu`ld egregnlc idrd ilnbgndnmaltaln agblbpuln id edilnmD. Egrelmld flrl tg`lc id`laualn yldtuignmln bgbjigrndslsd pgr`gnmalplnD, bg`laualn ukd fjel id edilnm D,iln bgnyg`gnmlrlaln ajbpgtdsd fyegr untua ubub.

Wntua bgbjigrndslsd ilnbgndnmaltaln agprjhgsdjnl`ln idedilnm D, sgalrlnm dnd Agbclnsgilnm bg`laualn agrkl slbl ignmlnEliln _gnmalkdln iln _gngrlplnganj`jmd untua bgbegntua tdbylnm tgridrd ilrd plalr D ylnmbgnigsldn fyegr ighgnfg Agbcln.

Al`lu iuù Dnijngsdl bgbd`dadtdml bltrl pgrtlclnln (LI, L@, iln LW), blal adnd fyegr ighgnfg lalnidklidaln bltrl aggbplt. Id LbgrdalVgrdalt sgnidrd, bltrl fyegr ighgnfg suilc idegntua id elwlc pdbpdnln kgnigrl` edntlnm gbplt ylnm idsgeut

ignmln WV Fyegr Fjbblni.

_jsdsd iln _grlnln YND

Bgnuku _gbdù 5?<9, sucupgrpj`dtdaln id Dnijngsdl sgbladnbgblnls. Wntua dtu, il`lb prjsgspgbdù nlntd, Clrtdni bgngmlsaln,pjsdsd iln pgrlnln ND il`lbpgrpj`dtdaln bgnkg`lnm _gbdù 5?<9lil`lc ngtrl`, tdila bgbdcla agplilagpgntdnmln pj`dtda tgrtgntu.

Lilpun plrl purnlwdrlwlnND ylnm sllt dnd sgilnm latdhegrpj`dtda, stltusnyl lil`lc sdpdìln eualn `lmd ND latdh. J`gcalrgnl dtu, blsylrlalt klnmln ag`drubg`dclt plrl sgndjr purnlwdrlwln

ND ylnm sgilnm latdh egrpj`dtda slltdnd. ‐Bgrgal dtu suilc purnl eualnbgwlad`d agpgntdnmln ND `lmd.‒

Vgbgntlrl, il`lb pgnmlblnln_gbdù 5?<9, pjsdsd iln pgrlnln NDlil`lc plsdh. Lrtdnyl, ND laln tgrkun`lnmsunm il`lb pgnmlblnln pgbdùlpled`l lil pgrbdntlln ilrd _j`rdsgsuld ignmln pgrlturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln.

Bgnurut Clrtdni, lil tdmlagunmmu`ln pjsdtdh flprgs-flwlprgsilrd al`lnmln blntln bd`dtgr. _grtlbl,sjl` agpgbdbpdnln. Kgnklnm alrdgrbd`dtgr slnmlt kg`ls. Il`lb sgtdlptlclp agnldaln plnmalt pgrsjnd`bd`dtgr egnlr-egnlr suilc tgrukdaul`dtlsnyl. Agiul, agidsdp`dnln.Agtdml, nlsdjnl`dsbg. Nlsdjnl`dsbgprlkurdt ND tdila idrlmualn `lmdalrgnl bgblnm suilc tgrukd sgklaiuù.

‒_rlkurdt ND sdlp bltd igbdNAUD iln sg`lù bgnkunkunm tdnmmdVlptl Blrml ylnm sgnlntdlsl bgnklmlsdalp nlsdjnl`dsbg iln rg`l egrajreln kdwl iln rlml igbd NAUD,‒ tlnilsnyl.

Dln Jatlvdlnus/Xdftjr




@L_JULN WYLBL

Ku`d <448, pgngbelaln blclsdswl

rdslatd, iln alsus agbltdln Bundr,

slbpld sgalrlnm egùb tgrunmalp.

‒Elcaln untua bgùrusaln

sgklrlc dtu slkl _rgsdign VET

slbl sgal`d tla egrndlt. _lilcl`,idl suilc egral`d-al`d egrklnkd

bgnuntlsalnnyl. Nyltlnyl klnkd

dtu slbpld sgalrlnm clnyl rgtjrdal,‒

altl Clrds Lzclr, Ajjridnltjr

Ajreln dnila Agagrlsln iln Jrlnm

Cd`lnm ltlu Ajntrls, agplil Blkl`lc

DNYGMUDYLV .

Clrds bgngmlsaln, alrgnl

_rgsdign slbpld sgalrlnm tla

bgbgnucd klnkd pj`dtdanyl Ajntrlsbgnydbpuàln prgsdign ylnm egr`ltlr

eg`lalnm bd`dtgr dtu tgtlp bg`dniunmd

egrelmld alsus pg`lnmmlrln CLB

lmlr tla tgrunmalp ag pue`da.

‒Bgblnm, sgdrdnm egrkl`lnnyl

wlatu `lcdr agedklaln ylnm bg`lrlnm

ND tdila egredsnd sgrtl pgnmclpusln

ajblnij tgrdtjrdl`. Lrtdnyl, ND

idtuntut bgnklid tgntlrl prjhgsdjnl`

untua bgnklml pgrtlclnln ngmlrl.‒

Idl bgnd`ld, il`lb pgrkl`lnln

rghjrblsd blsdc tgrklid alsus-

alsus agagrlsln ylnm id`laualn

ND. _gbdslcln ND-_j`rd kuml

bgndbeuàln elnyla egntrjaln

sda iln ajntla sgnkltl ilrd agiul

agsltuln dtu sgcdnmml suilc elnyla

ajreln ylnm cd`lnm.

ND bgblnm suilc id`lrlnmegredsnds tlpd hlatl ylnm adtl `dclt id

`lplnmln blsdc elnyla janub ND

ylnm bg`laualn edsnds d`gml` iln

bgnklid l`lt aglblnln pgruslclln.‒

@lntls, lpl ylnm bgbeult

janub ND blsdc sgrdnm bg`laualn

agagrlsln: Clrds bgnmlau tdila

bgblclbd pj`l pgnididaln bd`dtgr

id ND.

‒Nlbun, agtdal bg`dclt

agagrlsln ylnm sgrdnm tgrklid, ignmln

bgnmltlsnlblaln kdwl ajrsl, slyl

nd`ld lil ylnm `gblc id`laualn

pdbpdnlnnyl il`lb pgngrlpln

ijatrdn kdwl ajrsl.

Lrtdnyl, agtdal tgrklid egntrjaln

janub lnmmjtl ND-_j`rd, pgrdntlc

ajblniln sgrdnm tla idmuerds. Ltlu

bunmadn tdila lil pgrdntlc ilrd

ajblnilnnyl. Vgclrusnyl prdnsdp

kdwl ajrsl dtu tgrtde iln tllt lturln,

eualn egrtdnila sgwgnlnmnyl alrgnlagelnmmlln digntdtls agsltuln,‒

altlnyl.

Vjl` UWW Ajbpjngn Flilnmln

(Ajbfli) ylnm adnd sgilnm idelcls

id I_U, Clrds bgnmltlaln, Ajntrls

lil`lc sl`lc sltu ag`jbpja fdvd`

sjfdgty ylnm bgnj`la UWW dtu.

‒Fjel adtl survgd ag `lplnmln,

elnyla kuml lnmmjtl ND ylnm tlasgtuku agclidrln UWW Ajbfli

alrgnl lil egegrlpl pjdn plsl`

tgntlnm agedklaln wlkde bd`dtgr elmd

blsylrlalt. Vlyl pdadr agclidrln

UWW Ajbfli clnyl untua

bg`dmdbdtlsd plsualn sdpd` bd`dtgr

ylnm blrla tubeuc sueur sgalrlnm

dnd,‒ tlbelcnyl.

Idl bgnmdnmltaln, sgùruc

blsylrlalt lil`lc elmdln ilrdajbpjngn ngmlrl. Lpled`l ngmlrl

il`lb sdtulsd ilrurlt, ngmlrl wlkde

bgbegrilylalnnyl. ‒Il`lb ajnidsd

ngmlrl ylnm ajniusdh sgpgrtd sgalrlnm

tgntu albd bgnj`la agclidrln UWW

Ajbfli. Vgele, pgbegr`lauln wlkde

bd`dtgr dtu bgbeutucaln lnmmlrln

ngmlrl ylnm slnmlt elnyla.‒

Lilpun bgnylnmaut agsgklc-

tgrlln prlkurdt idl bg`dclt agsgnklnmln

lntlrl ltlsln iln elwlcln id ND

plstd laln tgrus tgrklid. Blalnyl tla

lngc kdal sg`lbl dnd elnyla lnmmjtl

ND tgrkun il`lb edsnds pgnmlblnln

untua bgnflrd ulnm tlbelcln. Dtu

kuml ylnm id`laualn plrl janub

lnmmjtl agpj`dsdln. ‒Ilrd sdnd`lc

sgrdnm tgrklid egntrjaln lntlrl

lnmmjtl ND iln _j`rd.‒

Id elwlc agpgbdbpdnln

Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj, Clrds egrclrlp

ND tgrus egregnlc iln `gedc

bgnmutlblaln idl`jm il`lbbgnyg`gsldaln pgrsjl`ln.

‒Vgegùb _la Bjgìjaj

id`lntda bgnklid _lnm`dbl ND

albd sgbplt egridl`jm tgntlnm

pgrsjl`ln CLB ignmln eg`dlu. Vlyl

`dclt idl fuaup egrajbdtbgn untua

bgbpgrkulnmaln nd`ld CLB iln

laln bgnflrd sjùsd suplyl lnmmjtl

ND tla elnyla bg`laualn euilyl

agagrlsln id `lplnmln.‒




5=DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

Vgtg`lc <8 Eu`ln Bjrltjrdub

Ugarutbgn Fl`jn _NV 5?<6,

Ydlil Fg`lc Eult _gsgrtl Ydtdpln

_gbgrdntlc agbel`d

bgrgarut fl`jn pgmlwld

ngmgrd sdpd`. Adnd, suilc

lil 87 rdeu pg`lblr

ubub iln sgadtlr 8??

rdeu pgmlwld cjnjrgr.

Ydlil fg`lc eult pgsgrtl

tdtdpln.

pgmlwld cjnjrgr ylnm bgbpgrgeutaln

5?? rdeu pjsdsd id blsdnm-blsdnmdnstlnsd id sgùruc Dnijngsdl. Kub`lc

pg`lblr bgndnmalt tlklb idelnidnmaln

sgegùb bjrltjrdub.

‒Ylcun `lù lil <6 rdeu, adnd lil 87 rdeu

pg`lblr. Dtu egùb tgrblsua pg`lblr

pgmlwld cjnjrgr,‒ kg`ls Bgntgrd

_gnilylmunlln Lplrltur Ngmlrl iln

Ughjrblsd Edrjarlsd, Lzwlr Leuelalr,

lwl` Vgptgbegr dnd.

Ylcun dnd, pgbgrdntlc bgbeual

agbel`d sg`gasd pgngrdbllnfl`jn pgmlwld ngmgrd sdpd`

ltlu F_NV id sgbul dnstlnsd

pgbgrdntlcln, elda id nmalt puslt

blupun ilgrlc.

Vgtg`lc egrkl`ln iul tlcun, egrlacdr

suilc bjrltjrdub ltlu pgnmcgnln

sgbgntlrl pgngrdblln pgmlwld ngmgrd

sdpd` (_NV). _lil tlcun dnd, lil 87 rdeu

pg`lblr ubub iln sgadtlr 8?? rdeu

VJUJYLN




VJUJYLN

Vgplnklnm sgklrlcnyl, pgngrdblln

F_NV agrlp idwlrnld nilaln ila

tgrpukd, sgbdsl` lilnyl lasd kul` eg`d

njbjr ukdln, pgrbldnln sjmja iln

upg, kuml sdstgb rgarutbgn ylnm ila

trlnsplrln.

Leuelalr bgnklbdn, pgngrdblln F_NVal`d dnd id`laualn sgflrl dnigpgnign,

trlnsplrln ignmln bgbpgrmunlaln

flrl ajbputgrdslsd ylnm edsl idlasgs

pue`da. Vg`ldn egagrkl slbl ignmln pdcla

albpus, plndl sg`gasd pgngrdblln

F_NV 5?<6 kuml bgnygrlcaln urusln

ajbputgrdslsd agplil Eliln _gnmalkdln

iln _gngrlpln Yganj`jmd (E__Y) lmlr

edsl bg`laualn tlclpln sg`gasd sgflrl

hldr .

Bgnurut pj`dsd _lrtld Lblnlt

Nlsdjnl` (_LN) dnd, hunmsd E__Y lalnslnmlt ghgah untua bgbdnild `gbelr

klwleln pgsgrtl sg`gasd F_NV. Flrl dtu

idl sgeut lbpuc bgnmcdilrd tgrklidnyl

blndpu`lsd nd`ld ylnm idpgrj`gc.

‒Vgbul `lnmsunm ag E__Y. Ylpd, untua

pgsgrtl id nmalt Aleupltgn ltlu

Ajtl, blsdc bgbpgrmunlaln `gbelr

klwleln ajbputgr,‒ uklr prdl kgej`ln

Dnstut Yganj`jmd Elniunm (DYE) dnd.

Wkdln sg`gasd F_NV ylnm bu`ld idmg`lr

lacdr Vgptgbegr cdnmml Njvgbegr

5?<6 ila idegnlraln egrurusln

ignmln fl`j. ‐Iln ila lil pgsgrtl

pln.‒

Lil elnyla l`lsln dnstlnsd ila

bgngrdbl hjrblsd F_NV 5?<6 pg`lblr

ubub. Bdsl`nyl, _NV id dnstlnsd dtu

blsdc pgnuc ltlu agaurlnmln F_NV

fuaup idtlbel` ilrd pg`lblr tgnlml

cjnjrgr altgmjrd 5 (A-5).

Acusus pg`lblr ilrd tgnlml cjnjrgr,

clnyl iddau tgnlml cjnjrgr A-5 ylnm

bgbgnucd ardtgrdl. Vllt dnd kub`lctgnlml cjnjrgr A-5 ylnm sdlp bgnmdau

tgs 8<< rdeu `gedc. _lilcl`, l`jalsd

F_NV elru ilrd tgnlml cjnjrgr A-5

clnyl sgpgrmlnyl slkl. Ygs ag`jbpja

dnd bgnmmunlaln `gbelr klwleln

ajbputgr, sgilnmaln pg`lblr ubub

bgnmmunlaln fjbputgr lssdstgi tgst

(FLY).

Dnstlnsd ila tgrdbl hjrblsd F_NV 5?<6

edsl idsgelealn eg`lnkl pgmlwldnyl

`gedc ilrd 7? pgrsgn ilrd L_EI

idsdlpaln.

‐Lturln dnd tgtlp idkl`lnaln sgelmld clsd`

ilrd agedklaln bjrltjrdub pgngrdblln

_NV elru iuù,‒ uklr Lzwlr.

Lzwlr kuml bgnygeut pgngrdblln tgs

F_NV elru 5?<6 bgnmmunlaln agedklalnlrblsd. _gbgrdntlc bgnydlpaln

85 hjrblsd id agbgntgrdln/`gbelml

untua pg`lblr flflt/idsled`dtls. Vg`ldn

dtu, lil <9? lt`gt egrprgstlsd sgelmld

pg`lc j`lcrlml idtgbpltaln id

prjvdnsd, aleupltgn, iln ajtl. @lù, lil

<?? hjrblsd untua putrl-putrd pjtgnsdl`

ilrd _lpul iln _lpul Elrlt.

_lil sg`gasd pgngrdblln F_NV al`d dnd,

rgnflnlnyl pgbgrdntlc bgrgarut 5?

rdeu F_NV untua dnstlnsd puslt iln 9?

rdeu untua dnstlnsd pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc.

Vgelnyla 54 agbgntgrdln iln 68

`gbelml laln bg`laualn sg`gasd,

sgilnmaln untua pgbgrdntlc id`laualn

id 66 prjvdnsd iln <45 aleupltgn/ajtl.

Yrlnsplrln iln Launtleg`

_j`l rgarutbgn F_NV, idsgeut id`laualn

sgflrl launtleg`. Elcaln, _rgsdign

Vusd`j Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj ltlu VET

tg`lc pu`l bgbgrdntlcaln sgùruc

dnstlnsd pgbgrdntlc untua bg`laualn

rgarutbgn sgflrl trlnsplrln iln

launtleg`.

_grdntlc _rgsdign VET dtu tgrtulnm

il`lb Dnstruasd _rgsdign Njbjr <Ylcun 5?<6, ylnm idtlniltlnmlnd plil

57 Klnulrd 5?<6. Dntruasd dtu idtukualn

agplil sgùruc bgntgrd plil Aledngt

Dnijngsdl Egrsltu (ADE) DD, Klasl Lmunm,

_lnm`dbl YND, Alpj`rd, muegrnur, iln

eupl/wl`dajtl.

Wntua rgarutbgn F_NV al`d dnd, _rgsdign

Vusd`j Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj kuml

sgflrl acusus bgbegrdaln pgrdntlc

agplil Agbgntgrdln _gnididaln iln

Ageuilylln (Agbgnidaeui) iln Vgakgn

Jbeuisbln lmlr bgbeual prjsgsrgarutbgn F_NV id `dnmaunmlnnyl

ignmln trlnsplrln iln launtleg`.

‒_ue`dalsdaln prjsgs rgarutbgn

F_NV bg`lùd wgesdtg blsdnm-blsdnm

undt utlbl ylnm tgrdntgmrlsd ignmln

wgesdtg Agbgntgrdln _gnididaln iln

Ageuilylln,‒ eunyd pjdn <53 D iln <54

Dnprgs tgrsgeut .

_rgsdign kuml bgnurunaln dnstruasd

agplil Eliln Agpgmlwldln Ngmlrl

(EAN) egrslbl-slbl agbgntgrdln/

`gbelml iln pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc

lmlr bgnmgbelnmaln sdstgb sg`gasd

F_NV/_NV ignmln bgnmmunlaln FLY.

_lil tlclp lwl`, sgilanyl EAN edsl

bgngrlpaln rgarutbgn egrelsds FLY id

<3 dnstlnsd pgbgrdntlc.

Ygntlnm sg`gasd fl`jn pgklelt struaturl`,

_rgsdign bgnmlrlcaln EAN untua

bgnmmunlaln bgtjig lssgssbgnt

fgntgr id sgùruc agbgntgrdln/`gbelml

iln pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc. Vgilanyl,

plil 5?<6 idclrlpaln bgtjig

lssgssbgnt fgntgr edsl id`laslnlaln

il`lb rgarutbgn 84? fl`jn pgklelt

struaturl` id egrelmld dnstlnsd

pgbgrdntlc.

_rgsdign kuml bgbgrdntlcaln EAN

egrslbl-slbl ignmln agbgntgrdln/

`gbelml iln pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc

bgngrlpaln pgnd`ldln prgstlsd agrkl

_NV egrilslraln Vlslrln Agrkl _gmlwld

(VA_) plil agbgntgrdln/`gbelml

Wntua rgarutbgn

F_NV al`d dnd, _rgsdign

Vusd`j Elbelnm

Tuicjyjnj kuml sgflrl

acusus bgbegrdaln pgrdntlc agplil

Agbgntgrdln _gnididaln

iln Ageuilylln

(Agbgnidaeui) iln

Vgakgn Jbeuisbln

lmlr bgbeual prjsgs

rgarutbgn F_NV id

`dnmaunmlnnyl ignmln

trlnsplrln iln

launtleg`.



6? DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

VJUJYLN

Edrjarlsd Nlsdjnl`, bgnylbpldaln

egrlacdrnyl bjrltjrdub pgngrdblln

F_NV dtu bg`lùd sdlrln pgrs-nyl.

]lad` _rgsdign bgnmltlaln clsd`

gvlùlsd pg`laslnlln bjrltjrdub

pgngrdblln F_NV sgkla < Vgptgbegr

5?<< laln bgnklid ilslr uplylpgnltlln-u`lnm agedklaln iln sdstgb

agpgmlwldln.

‒Wplyl-uplyl pgbegnlcln agedklaln

blupun sdstgb agpgmlwldln laln

tgrus idmgnflraln, lntlrl `ldn

ignmln bgnyg`lrlsaln sdaùs lnl`dsds

ageutucln pgmlwld pgbgrdntlc ignmln

sdaùs lnmmlrln,‒ altlnyl.

Idl bgnmltlaln, egegrlpl rlbeu

ylnm idtgrlpaln il`lb pgnunilln

pgngrdblln F_NV tgrblsua agedklaln

pgrtubeucln nj` pgrsgn laln tgrus

id`lnkutaln.

Vg`lnkutnyl, pgrgarutln pgmlwld ngmgrd

sdpd` clnyl edsl id`laualn sgtg`lc lil

pgtl kleltln sgrtl rgnflnl ageutucln

pgmlwld untua `dbl tlcun ylnm

idiuaunm lnl`dsds kleltln iln lnl`dsds

egeln agrkl.

_grgarutln, clrus idsgrtld ignmln

rgnflnl rgidstrdeusd pgmlwld sgrtl

pgngrlpln pj`l rgarutbgn F_NV

ylnm tgreual, lid`, egrsdc, gsdgn, ilnlauntleg`.

Vg`ldn dtu, pgrgarutln pgmlwld clnyl

ej`gc id`laualn j`gc agbgntgrdln/

`gbelml/pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc ylnm

lnmmlrln eg`lnkl pgmlwldnyl id elwlc

7? pgrsgn ilrd lnmmlrln pgnilpltln

iln eg`lnkl ilgrlc (L_EI) ltls dzdn

Ajbdtg _gnmlrlc Ughjrblsd Edrjarlsd.

Id sgkub`lc dnstlnsd, elda id nmalt

puslt blupun id ilgrlc, agrlp sltu

pgagrklln rdnmln idagrklaln j`gc iul

_NV. Vgelmld fjntjc, id egegrlpl

cubls pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc, pgmlwld

ylnm egrtumls bgnm-a`dpdnm ajrln

slkl lil iul jrlnm. Ladeltnyl, tla

klrlnm tgr`dclt _NV clnyl slntld-slntld.

Elcaln, bldn fltur cl` ylnm ùbrlc

elmd _NV.

Ilbpla kub`lc _NV ylnm bg`gedcd

aujtl dtu bgnmmgrjmj lnmmlrln.

Vgadtlr <59 ilgrlc bgbpgrmunlaln

L_EI `gedc ilrd 7? pgrsgn untua

bgbelylr mlkd pgmlwldnyl.

Elcaln, lil <8 pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc

ylnm L_EI-nyl tgnmmg`lb `gedc ilrd

=? pgrsgn clnyl untua bgbelylr mlkd

_NV, bdsl`nyl Aleupltgn @ublklnm,

bgnmcledsaln 36 pgrsgn L_EI untuabgnmmlkd _NV. @lntls, elmldblnl

edsl bgbedlyld pgbelnmunln ylnm

egrtukuln bgnygklctgrlaln rlaylt:

Ignmln ilnl tgrsdsl sgelnyla <= pgrsgn,

sgpgr ylnm tgrklid id @ublklnm dtu, lpl

ylnm edsl idclrlpaln. Egmdtu kuml id

Aleupltgn Alrlnmlnylr, bgnylùraln

sgadtlr =7 pgrsgn lnmmlrln untua

bgbelylr mlkd pgmlwld. @lntls, rlaylt

laln bgnilplt lpl ilrd sdsl lnmmlrln

ylnm clnyl 57 pgrsgn `lmd dtu. Lpl`lmd

lnmmlrln dtu egùb `lmd idl`jalsdalnuntua ageutucln jpgrlsdjnl`. Vg`ldn

dtu ignmln sdsl lnmmlrln ylnm bdndb

tgrsgeut, elmldblnl pgbgrdntlc

ilgrlc bgrlnmslnm pgrtubeucln

gajnjbd ylnm `gedc elda ed`l ila

bgbd`dad ilnl sbuùs, sgele als

pgbil slkl ajsjnm tgrus klidnyl.

Wplyl Bgnlrda Vdbpl

Al`lu adtl tlrda ag eg`lalnm,

bgùegrnyl kub`lc _NV ylnm adndbgnklid tlnmmunmln egslr L_EI

iln L_EN, ila tgr`gpls ilrd pj`da

pgnfdtrlln blsl `lù. Egrilslr iltl

ylnm idagùlraln EAN, pgrtubeucln

pgmlwld ngmgrd tgregslr tgrklid plil

5??=, yland sgegslr 4,<3 pgrsgn iln

5??4 sgegslr <?,3? pgrsgn.

_grdjig 5??4 lil`lc ylnm tgregslr

sgkla 5??6. _lil pgrdijg dtu lil

lmgnil nlsdjnl` pgbdù iln pgbd`dcln

prgsdign. _j`da bgbeual arln

pgmlwld ngmgrd sgùls-ùlsnyl tlatgr`gpls ilrd pgnfdtrlln iln uplyl

bgnlrda sdbpl untua pgsgrtl pd`gm

iln pd`prgs. Vu`dt rlslnyl bgnygeut

prjyga pgnmlnmaltln fl`jn _NV dtu

sgflrl egslr-egslrln plil 5??4 kdal

ila lil aldtlnnyl ignmln pd`gm iln

pd`prgs.

_gngrdblln pgmlwld sgflrl egslr-

egslrln plil 5??= iln 5??4 dtu elru

adtl rlslaln ilbplanyl sgalrlnm.

Vllt dnd, pgbgrdntlc clrus bgnmurls

lnmmlrln ngmlrl iln ilgrlc clnyl

untua bgbelylr mlkd pgmlwld,

sgbgntlrl id sdsd `ldn ghgavdtls _NV

il`lb bg`lylnd pue`da tla klrlnm

bgnilplt ardaln blsylrlalt.

@lnmalc bjrltjrdub pgngrdblln

fl`jn _NV dnd bgruplaln kl`ln

gastrgb ylnm blu tla blu clrus

idlbed` j`gc pgbgrdntlc. Vgele, ed`l

bgngrlpaln pgnsdun idnd, pgbgrdntlc

kuml bgbeutucaln ilnl egslr untua

pgslnmjn. _gnmulsl clrus bgnmlbed`

cdablc ilrd ejjbdnm _NV sllt dnd.

Alpln clrus bgnlbelc _NV iln alpln

ila, sgrtl _NV iln edrjarlsd eualn

bgruplaln l`lt pj`da.

_rjsgs sg`gasd pgngrdblln F_NV ylnmbgnflpld puùcln rdeu pgsgrtl dtu,

nlnnyl tla ilplt id`gplsaln egmdtu

slkl. Vgal`dpun pgbgrdntlc ignmln

sgml`l agyladnlnnyl bgnylbpldaln

laln bg`laualn tlclpln sg`gasd sgflrl

launtleg` iln trlnsplrln, sgkub`lc

pgnyg`gwgnmln slnmlt pjtgnsdl`

tgrklid il`lb agsgùrucln tlclpln

pgngrdblln.

Vgkub`lc `gbelml swlilyl

blsylrlalt ltlu @VB ylnm tgrmleunm

il`lb Ajnsjrsdub @gbelml VwlilylBlslylrlalt _gblntlu Vg`gasd F_NV

(A_@F), sgkla idnd suilc bg`laualn

wlrndnm agplil blsylrlalt iln

pgbgrdntlc lmlr bgwlsplild

tgrklidnyl prlaa pgnyg`gwgnmln

il`lb rgarutbgn F_NV.

Vg`ldn sdalp wlsplil, pgrln sgrtl

blsylrlalt pun slnmlt idclrlpaln

untua bg`laualn pgnmlwlsln ylnm

agtlt il`lb sglp prjsgs sg`gasd ylnm

tgrklid.

‐Adtl egrclrlp a rlwln ila tgrklid,

tgtlpd slnmlt pltut bgnklid pgrclln

untua idlwlsd egrslbl,‒ uklr Hgerd

Cgnird ilrd Dnijngsdl Fjrrupjn

]ltfc (DF] ) ylnm bgruplaln lnmmjtl

Ajnsjrsdub, sllt bgbeual _jsaj

_gnmliuln _g`lnmmlrln Vg`gasd F_NV

id alntjrnyl, lwl` Vgptgbegr dnd.

Bgnurut pgmdlt lnajrupsd dtu,

egrilslraln pgnml`lbln tlcun-




nidc sgcdnmml ila ghgah. Leuelalr

egrklnkd, pgnmmunlln lnmmlrln

id`laualn sgsuld ignmln ageutucln,

ghgah, iln gsdgn.

Idl bgnmlaud lnmmlrln untua mlkd _NV

idnd`ld slnmlt egslr. J`gc alrgnl dtu,

pgngrdblln al`d dnd egnlr-egnlr sgsuldignmln ageutucln iln ila laln

idedlraln egmdtu slkl.

‒Lnmmlrln clrus sgsuld ignmln

adngrklnyl. Iln untua al`d dnd, kuml

idtgrlpaln pgngrdblln _NV ignmln

bjig` rg-idstrdeusd. Tland, ila sgbul

tgnlml idrgarut. Nlbun, ed`l lil

tgnlml ylnm blsdc edsl idegrilylaln

dtu laln idpjsdsdaln untua pgagrklln-

pgagrklln ylnm ideutucaln, sg`ldn

bgblnm pgngrdblln untua bgnlbelc

ageutucln dtu,‒ plplrnyl.

Bjig` ukdln sg`gasd pgngrdblln

F_NV al`d dnd id`laualn ignmln sdstgb

ajbednlsd, yland `gbelr klwleln

ajbputgr (@KA) iln prjmrlb fjbputgr

lssdstgi tgst (FLY).

‒Nlc, ylnm FLY dtu egùb idtgrlpaln

untua sgbulnyl, elru untua sgadtlr <5

dnstlnsd slkl ylnm sdlp. Dnd aln sjl` bjig`

pg`laslnlln tgands slkl, lmlr sg`gasd

id`laualn sgflrl launtleg`, trlnsplrln

iln idpgrflyl,‒ tlbelcnyl.

Ignmln bgtjig ylnm launtleg` sgpgr

dtu, idclrlpaln laln ilplt idslrdnm

iln idtgbualn fl`jn-fl`jn edrjarlt

iln pgnmleid blsylrlalt ylnm laln

idtgrdbl sgelmld _NV ylnm egrbutu

iln egrsdc.

Leuelalr bgnklbdn ukdln pgngrdblln

F_NV al`d dnd id`laualn ignmln hldr.

Ignmln flrl sgpgr dnd lil cl` utlbl

ylnm adtl pgrj`gc, yland ngmlrl laln

bgnilpltaln putrl-putrd tgrelda

elnmsl, sgsuld ignmln clsd` tgs ylnm

id`laualn untua bgnmleid sgelmld

_NV.

Agiul, ignmln pgngrdblln ylnm

trlnsplrln iln burnd, blal

blsylrlalt, tgrutlbl plil pgbuil

pgbuid ylnm dnmdn bgnklid _NV, laln

pgrflyl `lmd agplil pgbgrdntlc. ‒Iln

agml, bjig` sgpgr dnd sgal`dmus

sgelmld pgrdnmltln elcwl untua

sgaj`lc dtu eualn sgalilr bgbpgrj`gc

dklzlc, tgtlpd eg`lklr`lc ylnm egnlr.‒

Iundl Egùb Adlblt

Vglp tlcun elnyla ùùsln V-<, VBL,

iln VBA. _NV bgblnm edsl slkl

bgnklid sl`lc sltu pgagrklln ylnm

iddilbaln j`gc plrl ùùsln dtu. Laln

tgtlpd, ageutucln tgnlml untua _NV

tgreltls sgcdnmml clrus idplclbd

elcwl bgnklid _NV eualn`lc untua

bgnflrd pgagrklln alrgnl ila lilnyl

`lplnmln pgagrklln `ldn. Vgele,

untua urusln bgnygidlaln `lplnmln

pgagrklln ylnm bgnfuaupd elmd

blsylrlalt clrus id`laualn sgflrl

egrslbl-slbl j`gc pgbgrdntlc, pdclaswlstl, iln blsylrlalt dtu sgnidrd.

‒Klnmln klidaln _NV dnd sgelmld flrd

pgagrklln sgbltl. Dnd lil`lc pgnmlidln

agplil ngmlrl. Al`lupun ila idtgrdbl

ltlu ila ùùs il`lb sg`gasd aln ila

`lntls iundl dnd adlblt. Blsdc elnyla

pgagrklln ylnm edsl id`laualn id adtl,‒

uklrnyl.

Elmd Leuelalr, iundl pgnididaln ila

sgrtl bgrtl clrus idslnidnmaln ignmln

pjsdsd sgelmld _NV. ‒Blsdc elnyla`lplnmln `ldn ylnm edsl bgnygrlp

tgnlml-tgnlml tgridida adtl. Iln dtu`lc

ageutucln iundl agrkl iln iundl uslcl

ignmln ageutucln tgnlml agrkl adtl

clrus sgkl`ln. Klnmln blu klid _NV

sgbul.‒

Vg`gasd pgngrdblln F_NV al`d dnd pun,

`lnkut idl, tla gpls ilrd uplyl rghjrblsd

edrjarlsd ylnm sgilnm idml`laaln tgrus

j`gc agbgntgrdln ylnm idpdbpdnnyl

adnd. Bg`laualn rghjrblsd edrjarlsd.

‒Vgkluc dnd, adtl bgnmlaud elcwl blsdc

elnyla cl` ylnm blsdc clrus id`laualn.

Ygtlpd, slyl bg`dclt, prjsgs rghjrblsd

edrjarlsd ylnm egùb `lbl adtl `laualn,

egrkl`lnjn tcg trlfa iln lil agblkuln-

agblkuln ylnm egrlr, sgbladn elda id

blsdnm-blsdnm `gbelml elda id puslt

blupun id ilgrlc,‒ plplrnyl.

_grdcl` rghjrblsd edrjarlsd ylnm suilc

id`laualn, Leuelalr bgnkg`lsaln,

sgkub`lc agbgntgrdln iln `gbelml

id nmalt puslt sgrtl ilgrlc suilc

id`laualn sgkub`lc gvlùlsd iln

bjndtjrdnm. ‒_l`dnm ila, slbpld sllt

dnd lil <8 `gbelml agbgntgrdln ylnm

suilc idluidt, kuml pgbgrdntlcln

ilgrlc ylnm sgbladn elda tltl

ag`j`lnyl. Kuml sglp sllt egrtlbelc

tgrus ylnm idprjsgs.‒

Ughjrblsd edrjarlsd tgrnyltl edsl

bgnmcgblt lnmmlrln ngmlrl ylnm

ila agfd`. Lnmmlrln dtu edsl idl`dcaln

untua ageutucln blsylrlalt ylnm gedc

rdd` igbd pgndnmaltln agsgklctgrlln

blsylrlalt.

Il`lb aldtln dtu idl bgbegrd fjntjc

Agbgnpln UE, ylnm tlidnyl lil

bgbd`dad gnlb igpu, adnd irghjrblsd

bgnklid gbplt igpu iln idtlbelcsltu sgakgn. ‒Vgele, sg`lbl dnd sgadtlr

5? pgrsgn struatur id elnyla dnstlnsd

bgnml`lbd jvgr`lppdnm. Ignmln

rghjrblsd ylnm id`laualn, albd sgnidrd

edsl bgnmcgblt lnmmlrln sgegslr 6?

pgrsgnnyl.‒

Nlbun, clrus idslilrd agegrclsd`ln

sgeulc uplyl rghjrblsd edrjarlsd

ila clnyl iduaur ilrd pgnmcgbltln

lnmmlrln iln pgnygrlpjln lnmmlrln

ylnm tg`lc id`laualn. Waurln elcwl

adngrkl iln pg`lylnln ylnm `gedc eldaagplil blsylrlalt bgruplaln hlatjr

utlbl ylnm bgnkg`lsaln lplalc

bgblnm suilc tgrklid rghjrblsd

edrjarlsd id sgeulc dnstlnsd.

Kg`ls, bgnd`ldnyl ila clnyl ilrd

pgnmcgbltln lnmmlrln iln tunklnmln

plrl pgklelt struaturl` iln pgmlwld

tlpd kuml agghgahln adngrkl.

‒Vg`ldn pgnmcgbltln lnmmlrln ylnm

ùlr edlsl, adngrkl kuml bgnklid `gedc

fgplt, `gedc ghgah iln `gedc gsdgn.Dtu ylnm bgnklid uaurlnnyl,‒ tlbelc

Leuelalr. ‒Lnmmlrln ylnm edsl

idsg`lbltaln egralt rghjrblsd edrjarlsd

dtu agbuidln idl`jalsdaln untua

ageutucln-ageutucln blsylrlalt

adtl. Adtl egrclrlp sgbul dnstlnsd iln

`gbelml iln agbgntgrdln bg`laualn

cl` dtu.‒

Ujy KV




_grtlbl Dil edflrl sjl`

suestlnsd cuaub, yldtu

unilnm-unilnm iln pgrlturln.

Bgurut idl, ilrd sgmd aulntls,

pgbegntualn pgrlturln pgrunilnm-

unilnmln id Dnijngsdl fuaup elnyla.

Lil agfgnigrunmln pgrlturln tgr`lù

sgrdnm iduelc.

‒Ygntu dnd bgndbeuàln blsl`lc

ilrd sdsd sdnarjndslsd iln clrbjndslsd

pgrlturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln dtu

sgnidrd,‒ altl Dil.

Ilrd sgmd aul`dtls, unilnm-unilnm id

Dnijngsdl kuml egrblsl`lc. Elnylanyl

pgrlturln, acususnyl unilnm-unilnm

ylnm idlkualn ag Blcalblc Ajnstusd

untua id-rgvdgw bgnunkuaaln lil

blsl`lc ilrd sgmd aul`dtls.

‒Egregnturln lntlrl sltu lturln

ignmln lturln `ldnnyl, bgndbeuàln

blsl`lc pu`l ilrd sdsd sdnarjndslsd

iln clrbjndslsd pgrlturln dtu sgnidrd

sgcdnmml plil lacdrnyl bgbgnmlrucd

aglkgaln ilrd sdstgb cuaub dtu

sgnidrd.‒

Vl`lc sltu sgelenyl lil`lc elnyla

unilnm-unilnm id Dnijngsdl

bgrgprgsgntlsdaln agpgnnmln

pue`da ltlu clnyl bgrgprgsgntlsdaln

agpgnnmln pj`da tgrtgntu, sgpgrpgnmulsl. ‒Bdsl`nyl il`lb edilnm

slyl, cuaub lmrlrdl, Wnilnm-Wnilnm

_gnmlilln Ylnlc fuaup agntl` nulnsl

agegrpdclalnnyl agplil dnvgstjr.‒

_lil ilslrnyl sdstgb pgbegntualn

pgrlturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln suilc

rg`lh elda idelnidnmaln grl Jrig Elru.

Nlbun, ylnm bgnklid blsl`lc lil`lc

plrl pg`laslnlnyl. Ugnilcnyl nmalt

pgblclbln lnmmjtl I_U tgntlnm

edilnm cuaub bgnklid blsl`lc

tgrsgnidrd. Vgal`dpun idaltlaln elcwlpgbeultln unilnm-unilnm suilc

bgnygrtlaln plrsdplsd pue`da, Dil

bgnd`ldnyl clnyl elsl-elsd.

‒Alilnm eunmausnyl plrsdplsd

pue`da, tgtlpd dsdnyl sjsdl`dslsd. Ignmln

igbdadln igbjarlslsd il`lb

pgnyusunln pgrlturln egùb tgrflpld,‒

plplrnyl.

Egùb Klid _lnm`dbl

_gngmlaln cuaub id Dnijngsdl sllt dnd

fuaup bgnmaclwlraln. Ygrklidnyl

sgkub`lc alsus sulp id `gbelml-`gb-

elml pgngmlaln cuaub bgnunkuaaln

blsdc tgrus egr`lnmsunmnyl prlaa-

prlaa pgngmlaln cuaub ylnm kustru

bg`lnmmlr cuaub. Ilplt idsdbpuàln

rghjrblsd lplrlt pgngmla cuaub

egùb tgr`laslnl.

‒@gbelml-`gbelml pgngmla cuaub

egùb bgnkl`lnaln tumlsnyl ignmlnghgah,‒ altl Dil.

Vgbul unsur iln ajbpjngn pgngmlaln

cuaub pgrù idegnlcd. Kdal idpgrùaln,

sltu mgngrlsd lplrlt pgngmla cuaub

idtgelnm lmlr pgrd`lau eurua bgrgal

ila bgnkl`lr agplil lplrlt pgngmla

cuaub mgngrlsd egrdautnyl.

Vdstgb rgbungrlsd agplil `gbelml

pgngmla cuaub bgblnm suilc

lil, tgtlpd Dil egrpgnilplt ila

lil ajrg`lsd ylnm sdmndaln lntlrlsdstgb rgbungrlsd ylnm nmmd iln

egraurlnmnyl janub pg`lau ajrupsd

ltlu sulp. ‒Vjl` ajrupsd iln sulp lil`lc

sjl` bjrl` iln pgrd`lau sgsgjrlnm.

Vgnmmd lpl pun rgbungrlsd idegrdaln

kdal bjrl` iln pgrd`launyl eurua blal

sulp iln ajrupsd laln tgrus tgrklid id

sglp agsgbpltln,‒ tlbelcnyl.

_lil ilslrnyl sdstgb

pgbegntualn pgrlturln

pgrunilnm-unilnmln

suilc rg`ltdh elda

idelnidnmaln grl JrigElru. Nlbun, ylnm

bgnklid blsl`lc lil`lc

plrl pg`laslnlnyl.

Ugnilcnyl tdnmalt

pgblclbln lnmmjtl

I_U tgntlnm edilnm

cuaub bgnklid blsl`lc

tgrsgnidrd.

_gnlniltlnmlnln BjW. ignmln igaln Wndv Wtrgfct Eg



9? DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

BLGVYUJ CWAWB

Wntua dtu, idl bgnmdnmltaln

pgnnmnyl sgmgrl bgnltl `gbelml-

`gbelml pgngmla cuaub id Dnijngsdl.‒Agrusucln ylnm agrlp tgrklid id

@gbelml _gblsylrlaltln lacdr-lacdr

dnd, bdsl`nyl, bgruplaln ej`l plnls

ilrd euruanyl sdstgb `gbelml-`gbelml

pgngmlaln cuaub id Dnijngsdl.‒

Vg`ldn dtu, ideutucaln sdalp tgmls

_rgsdign Vusd`j Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj

ltls sultu blsl`lc cuaub ylnm arusdl`.

Dil bgnd`ld VET sgrdnm egr`dniunm id

el`da prdnsdp ‒gasgauh ila ilplt

bgnflbpurd urusln yuidalh‒, untua

bgnutupd agilatgmlsln sdalpnyl._lilcl`, ylnm ideutucaln agtgmlsln

VET sgelmld pgbdbpdn elnmsl.

Vgbgntlrl, elmd pdcla-pdcla pgngmla

cuaub ylnm nlal` agilatgmlsln VET

sgelmld pgbdbpdn idplald sgelmld

l`lt untua bg`gplsaln idrd ilrd kgrlt

cuaub.

‒Vlbpld clrd dnd cuaub blsdc su`dt

bgnklid plnm`dbl. Agpgnnmln pj`da

iln agpgnnmln gajnjbd blsdc

bgnijbdnlsd,‒ altl Dil.

Vg`ldn bgbegnlcd `gbelml pgngmla

cuaub, cl` pgnnm `ldnnyl ylnm pgrù

id`laualn elnmsl dnd lil`lc bgnfdptlaln

blsylrlalt slilr cuaub ylnm idbu`ld

ilrd plrl pg`lau ltlu jrlnm-jrlnm

ylnm egragfdbpunm id iundl cuaub dtu

sgnidrd. Euilyl bgbelnmun plnutln,

pltrjn ylnm elda ilrd plrl lplrltur

ngmlrl bgruplaln altl aunfd untua

bgbelnmun agtlclnln blsylrlalt

slilr cuaub, ylnm kuml edsl idbu`ld

ilrd agùlrml.

‒Vlilr cuaub kuml clrus bu`ld

idelnmun id rublc,‒ plplrnyl.

Bgblnm, bgbelnidnmaln lntlrl

Dnijngsdl ignmln Vdnmlpurl tgntlnm

aul`dtls slilr cuaub ilrd blsylrlalt

sgegnlrnyl aurlnm hldr. Laln tgtlpd,

Dil bgnyltlaln ila lil sl`lcnyl

idru. Ydnmalt agslilrln cuaub ylnm

elda plil blsylrlalt Vdnmlpurl slnmlt

idiuaunm j`gc egrsdcnyl edrjarlsd

iln lplrltur pgngmla cuaub ylnm

bgnygelealn blsylrlalt bgbpunyld

nmalt agpgrflylln ylnm nmmd tgrclilp

cuaub. Vgel`danyl ignmln Dnijngsdl,

edrjarlsd ylnm ajrup bgruplaln

fjntjc eurua elmd agslilrln cuaub

blsylrlalt Dnijngsdl.

Il`lb aldtln dtu, Dil bgnylilrd elcwl

grl agegelsln pgrs sgpgr sgalrlnm

tg`lc egrilbpla plil pgnmmdrdnmln

jpdnd ylnm bgnygelealn trld` ey

pgrs. ‒Elcwl pgrs bgwlad`d sulrl

blsylrlalt elnyla, ej`gc-ej`gc slkl.

Nlbun, cuaub clrus idtgmlaaln plil

klùr njrbl-njrbl cuaub ylnm tg`lc

idtgtlpaln.‒

Vgal`dpun elnyla cl` il`lb sdstgb

cuaub ylnm clrus idegnlcd, Dilbgnmlprgsdlsd agghgahln adngrkl

Ajbdsd _gbegrlntlsln Ajrupsd ltlu

A_A il`lb bgbegrlntls ajrupsd.

Nlbun rgsdstgnsd tgrclilp sgpla

tgrklnm A_A pun slnmlt nmmd, tgrutlbl

ilrd lnmmjtl I_U.

Elnyla ylnm egrpgnilplt A_A

sgclrusnyl hjaus il`lb bgbegnlcd

`gbelml-`gbelml pgngmla cuaub

iln eualn clnyl bgnmltlsd egrelmld

alsus ajrupsd ylnm tgrklid id ilgrlc

sgflrl sgrleutln. Dil egrpgnilplt`ldn. Idl bgnyltlaln slc-slc slkl A_A

bg`laualn cl` tgrsgeut alrgnl kustru

tg`lc bgbegrdaln tgrlpd agkut ylnm

fuaup elda il`lb pgbegrlntlsln

ajrupsd.

Dl sg`lbl dnd A_A egagrkl ignmln

hldr tlnpl tgrdnidalsd idmunlaln j`gc

agpgnnmln pgnmulsl. ‒Al`lupun

untua alsus-alsus tgrtgntu blniga,

sgpgr alsus Fgntury, bgnurut slyl

alrgnl A_A ila blu mgmlelc il`lb

bgngntualn stltus sgsgjrlnm. Vlylpdadr A_A fuaup elda bgngrlpaln prdnsdp

agcl-clln il`lb bgngtlpaln stltus

sgsgjrlnm.‒

Ydnmaltaln Aul`dtls Blclsdswl

Il`lb alplsdtlsnyl sgelmld Igaln

HC Wnpli, Dil tgrus-bgngrus

_rjh. Ujegrt Egfabln idrgatur FD@ (Fgntgr jh Dntgrnljnl` @lw)

Nljnl` Wndv jh Vdnmlpjrg




ELNADNM

Il`lb cl` dnlsd, bgblnm

Vgptgbegr dnd tgalnln dnlsd

nlsdjnl` suilc bgrgil

elcaln bgnml`lbd iglsd

sgegslr -?,6% sgflrl eu`lnln

nlbunsgflrl tlcunln gvg` dnlsd nlsdjnl`

blsdc fuaup nmmd bgnflpld 3,9%. Ilrd

lnmal dnlsd nlsdjnl` tgrsgeut, sgadtlr 3?pgrsgn idsubelnm j`gc tgalnln dnlsd id

ilgrlc. J`gc alrgnl dtu, Elna Dnijngsdl

_grwlad`ln Klelr‖Elntgn ylnm egrtumls

sgelmld pgnmgnil`d dnlsd rgmdjnl` (Klwl

Elrlt iln Elntgn) egrslbl-slbl ignmln

_gbgrdntlc Ilgrlc iln pdcla-pdcla

tgraldt ldnnyl, bg`laualn egrelmld uplyl

pgnmgnil`dln clrml elrlnm iln klsl lmlr

nmalt dnlsd edsl idlrlcaln bgnklid

rgnilc iln stled` sgcdnmml plil lacdrnyl

bgniuaunm pgrtubeucln gajnjbd ylnm

egragsdnlbeunmln.

Agpl`l Alntjr _grwlad`ln (A_w) ED

]d`lylc XD- (]d`lylc Klelr‖Elntgn),

Idln Gidlnl Ulg, ylnm pgrnlc bgnklid

Agpl`l Alntjr _grwlad`ln (A_]) ED id

@jnijn, bgnmlaud mgkj`la dnlsd ylnm

tgrklid id Dnijngsdl tgrutlbl id wd`lylc

Klwl Elrlt iln Elntgn plil tlcun dnd

fuaup egrlt. Lilnyl tgalnln clrml

plil egegrlpl clrml ajbjidtls plnmln

sgpgr elwlnm bgrlc, elwlnm puc,

fleg, iln ilmdnm slpd sgkla lwl` tlcun

5?<6 sgrtl pgnygsuldln clrml EEB

egrsuesdid iln tlrdh tgnlml `dstrda (YY@)

tg`lc bgndbeuàln tgalnln dnlsd ylnm

nmmd. _lilcl` plil tlcun 5?<5 ylnm lù,wd`lylc Klwl Elrlt iln Elntgn egrclsd`

bgnmgnil`daln tgalnln dnlsd plil gvg`

ylnm rgnilc yland id elwlc 6 pgrsgn.

Wntua bgnmgnil`daln clrml-clrml elrlnm

iln klsl id ilgrlc lmlr tgtlp stled`, ED

egsgrtl dnstlnsd tgraldt id ilgrlc tg`lc

bgnidrdaln Ydb _gnmgnil`dln Dnlsd

Ilgrlc (Y_DI)sgkla tlcun 5?<?. Ydb dnd

tgridrd ilrd unsur pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc iln

ED. Vgelmldblnl tg`lc idmlrdsaln il`lb

unilnm-unilnm, sl`lc sltu tumls utlbl

ED lil`lc bgnmgnil`daln dnlsd sgelmld

elmdln ilrd uplyl bgnflpld agstled`ln

nd`ld rupdlc. Il`lb bg`laslnlaln tumlstgrsgeut, ED bgbpgrmunlaln egrelmld

dnstrubgn bjngtgr iln blarj pruignsdl`

sgpgr suau eunml, VED, mdrj wlkde

bdndbub (M]B), iln sgelmldnyl. Laln

tgtlpd, alrgnl hlatjr-hlatjr pgnygele

dnlsd elnyla tgraldt ignmln ajnidsd-

ajnidsd tgraldt ignmln sdsd plsjaln iln

egrlil idelwlc agwgnlnmln pgbgrdntlc

ilgrlc, blal ED egrbdtrl ignmln

pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc iln idnls tgraldt

egruplyl untua bgnmltlsd pgrsjl`ln-

pgrsjl`ln ylnm bgnygelealn tgalnln

dnlsd.

Vl`lc sltu uplyl ylnm id`laualn il`lb

pgnmgnil`dln dnlsd lil`lc ignmln

bgblsaln elcwl plsjaln ajbjidtls

(stja), tgrutlbl elcln ageutucln

pjaja blsylrlalt tgrsgidl fuaup untua

bgbgnucd pgrbdntlln blsylrlalt.

Bdsl`nyl, agal clrml fleld iln

ajbjidtls plnmln `ldnnyl bg`jnkla, ED

iln dnstlnsd tgraldt `lnmsunm bg`laualn

rlplt ajjridnlsd Y_DI untua wd`lylc Klwl

Elrlt-Elntgn-Klalrtl untua bgnmltlsd

pgrsjl`ln dnd, munl bgnmclsdàln

rgajbgnilsd-rgajbgnilsd pjsdh untua

pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc iln dnstlnsd tgraldt.

Idslbpdnm dtu, ED, dnstlnsd tgraldt iln

pgrelnaln kuml bgnmdndsdlsd prjmrlb-

prjmrlb FVU ylnm idhjausaln untua

pgnmgbelnmln prjiuasd ajbjidtls

plnmln tgrtgntu sgpgr fleg, elwlnm,

slpd iln lylb pjtjnm untua bgndnmaltaln

kub`lc plsjaln. Agmdltln dnd sgal`dmus

idblasuialn untua bgbegrilylaln

pgtlnd ajbjidtls-ajbjidtls ylnm

bgnklid ageutucln rlaylt elnyla.

Vgcdnmml plil lacdrnyl cl` dnd laln

bgndnmaltaln nmalt pgnilpltln plrl

pgtlnd, sgal`dmus edsl bgngaln lku dnlsd

sgflrl gedc pgrblngn.

Vl`lc sltu fjntjcnyl lil`lc

pgnmgbelnmln a`lstgr fleg bgrlc id

Mlrut. Il`lb a`lstgr dnd, ED egrslbl-

slbl pdcla tgraldt bg`laualn pg`lclnelda ag`gbelmlln, blnlkgrdl` iln

agulnmln1 bgbhlsd`dtlsd stuid elnidnm

sgrtl bgbegrdaln elntuln slrlnl

prjiuasd. Vg`ldn dtu, ED kuml bgbelnmun

agrkl slbl ignmln pgnmj`lc-pgnmj`lc

prjiua-prjiua tgrtgntu sgpgr plerda

slbel`. Ignmln agmdltln tgrsgeut,

pgrblsl`lcln ylnm idclilpd j`gc pgtlnd

sllt plngn rlyl yldtu sgelmdln egslr clsd`

plngn idtj`la j`gc dniustrd alrgnl ila

bgbgnucd ardtgrdl butu ylnm idtgtlpaln

ilplt idltlsd.Vg`ldn dtu, untua `dbelc

fleg sdsl sgelmdln egslr ilplt idj`lc

bgnklid prjiua slbel` ylnm bgbpunyldnd`ld kul` nmmd. Ladeltnyl, pgrgajnjbdln

blsylrlalt, acususnyl wlndtl pgtlnd

bgndnmalt sgal`dmus bgnklid bjig`

il`lb bgnstledàln clrml fleg bg`lùd

pgndnmaltln ajnsubsd fleg j`lcln.

‒Agmdltln pgnmgnil`dln dnlsd id

ilgrlc `ldnnyl lil`lc pgbeultln

_uslt Dnhjrblsd Clrml _lnmln Vtrltgmds

(_DC_V) sgpgr bg`lùd plpln g`gatrjnda

(runndnm tgxt ) ylnm idplslnm id tgbplt-

tgbplt strltgmds sgpgr plslr trlidsdjnl`

iln pgnmgbelnmln wge sdtg sgal`dmus

sbs mltgwly . _DC_V dnd bgbult

egrelmld dnhjrblsd `gnmalp ilrd sgùruc

aleupltgn/ajtl id Klwl Elrlt tgraldt

ignmln bdsl`nyl clrml elwlnm, clrml

egrls, clrml fleld, iln ajbjidtls

plnmln strltgmds `ldnnyl, iln bgbelclspgrblsl`lcln-pgrblsl`lcln sgrtl

bgbegrdaln rgajbgnilsd-rgajbgnilsd

ylnm adrlnyl ilplt id`laualn j`gc

_gbgrdntlc ilgrlc iln pdcla tgraldt

`ldnnyl il`lb bgnmltlsd mgkj`la clrml‒

tlbelcnyl.

Agrkl agrls Y_DI tgrnyltl bgbeulcaln

clsd`. _lil Eu`ln Ku`d`lù Y_DI (Ydb

_gnmgil`dln Dnlsd Ilgrlc) Klwl Elrlt

bgnilplt pgnmclrmlln Y_DI `gvg`

prjvdnsd tgrelda sg-Klwlilrd _rgsdign

Vusd`j Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj alrgnl

idnd`ld blbpu bgnmgnil`daln dnlsd

ignmln elda. _gnmclrmlln dnd bgruplaln

pgnmclrmlln ylnm agiul al`d untua

_rjvdnsd Klwl Elrlt. Vgbgntlrl dtu, untua

`gvg` Aleupltgn/Ajtl, Ajtl Fdrgejn plil

tlcun 5?<6 dnd kuml egrclsd` bgnilpltaln

kulrl Y_DI tgrelda sg-Klwl.Cl` tgrsgeut

bgruplaln fgrbdnln prjmrlb iln uplyl

pgnmgnil`dln dnlsd tgrsgeut egrkl`ln

iln tgrajjridnlsd ignmln elda lntlrl ED,

pgbgrdntlc ilgrlc, iln dnstlnsd tgraldt.

Bgnurut Idln, ED sllt dnd kuml

sgilnmbg`laualn alkdln tgraldt

ignmln surpùs igsdt plnmln id Klelr

iln Elntgn sgelmld dnhjrblsd ylnmbgbegrdaln mlbelrln ngrlfl plnmln id

Klelr-elntgn, il`lb rlnmal bgniuaunm

uplyl pgnmgnil`dln `lku dnlsd ignmln

`gedc elda. ‐Ed`l dnlsd suilc stled`,

blal uplyl bgnijrjnm pgrtubeucln

pgrgajnjbdln ylnm egragsdnlbeunmln

iln pg`laslnlln tumls `ldnnyl sgpgr

pgnmlwlsln pgrelnaln kuml ilplt

egrkl`ln ignmln gedc elda.‒

Mgnkjt Elna Vylrdlc iln E_U @gedc

Ajbpgh

A_w ED ]d`lylc XD sllt dnd sgilnm

bgnmuplylaln lmlr pgrelnaln ylnm

egrlil id wd`lylc Klelr iln Elntgn edsl

`gedc ajbpgh. Ygr`gedc agal elna-

elna `jal` kuml clrus bgnmclilpd plslr

egelstgrutlbl Blsylrlalt Gajnjbd

Lsgln (BGL), idblnl gasplnsd elna-

elna lsdnm id Dnijngsdl laln sgbladn

mgnflr. Adnd, Idln kuml sgilnm egruplyl

bgnijrjnm pgrelnaln sylrdlc tubeuc

`gedc elda id tgnmlc pgùlnm plslr ylnm

blsdc slnmlt tgreual. ‒Nlbun igbdadln,




tgraldt tumls pjaja YND il`lb bg`dniunmd sgmgnlp tlnlc

tubplc ilrlc Dnijngsdl. J`gc alrgnl dtu, YND iln _j`rd

clrus elcu-bgbelcu iln egrsdngrmd il`lb bgnmlblnaln

elnmsl dnd.

Elmldblnl plnilnmln _lnm`dbl tgrclilp UWW Albnls,

Ajbfli, iln UWW Dntg`gkgn :

_grtlnylln dnd `lyla idslbpldaln iln idklwle id hjrub

@gbclnls. Ylpd klwleln sdnmaltnyl bgnurut plnilnmln

slyl lil`lc pgrù iln pgnnm untua idrgl`dslsdaln sgelmld

ngmlrl egslr ylnm egrfdtl-fdtl bgnklid elnmsl ylnm egslr.

Ltlu bunmadn rgaln-rgaln sgal`dln punyl rghgrgnsd, ngmlrl

egslr blnl ylnm ila bgbpunyld Wnilnm-Wnilnm

Albnls, Ajbfli, iln Wnilnm-Wnilnm Dntg`dkgn:Vgal`dpun egmdtu , tgntu agmlnyl dtu clrus bg`lùd prjsgs

pgbdadrln ylnm ajbprgcgnsdh ilrd pgrwlad`ln sgmgnlp

ajbpjngn elnmsl, ignmln bgnlnmmlàln prgtgnsg iln

agpgnnmln prlmbls, sgrtl bgnmcdnilraln pdadrln

eurua slnmal tgrclilp ajbpjngn `ldnnyl. Adtl clrus

iuiua egrslbl untua ylnm ml dtu, slblaln pgrsgpsd elmd

agpgnnmln elnmsl.

Klid sgflrl `gnmalpnyl elcwl agbgrigalln sgeulc

Aunkunmln agrkl _lnm`dbl YND ag _l`gbelnm

Al`lupun dtu lil agrdeutln, dtu egrsdhlt alsudss ylnm

id`laualn j`gc janub, elda janub YND blupun janub

_j`rd, iln id `lplnmln sgbul pgrsjl`ln ilplt idsg`gsldaln

ignmln elda, tlnpl bgbpgregslr blsl`lc ylnm tgrklid.Vjl` nilaln tgrclilp janub pls idtgmlaaln sgsuld

prjsgiur blsdnm-blsdnm iln sgsuld ignmln alilr

pg`lnmmlrln ylnm id`laualn.

Tlnm pls, YND laln sgnlnlsl egrsdngrmd ignmln _j`rd,

il`lb tumls iln agwgnlnmln ylnm idegrdaln j`gc unilnm-

unilnm iln pgrlturln ylnm tg`lc idtgtlpaln j`gc _rgsdign,

untua bgnmclilpd sgkub`lc mlnmmuln aglblnln il`lb

ngmgrd iln kuml mlnmmuln aglblnln iln agtgreln

blsylrlalt, elda dtu egrupl lasd-lasd ag`jbpja tgrjrds,

egnturln sda iln lntlrblsylrlalt ltlu agagrlsln

cjrdzjntl` `ldnnyl.

YND kuml laln turut bgbelntu iln bgblsaln, elcwl

cuaub id ngmgrd dnd tgtlp tgmla egridrd. Lplrlt aglblnln

iln pgngmla cuaub clrus blbpu bg`dniunmd iln

bgnmlyjbd rlaylt. Ydila ej`gc lil sgag`jbpja jrlnm ltlu

sgag`jbpja blssl ylnm idedlraln bgnmlnflb agilu`ltln

iln agsg`lbltln ngmlrl.

Ydila ej`gc pu`l adtl bgbedlraln rlaylt ylnm ila

egrijsl bgnklid ajreln lnflbln tgrjrdsbg. Ngmlrl ila

ej`gc al`lc, iln clrus bgnlnm bg`lwln tgrjrdsbg iln




@dbl eg`ls tlcun suilc

rghjrblsd egrmu`dr. Ydml al`d

pgbd`dcln ubub sgflrl

`lnmsunm tg`lc idcg`lt.

_lrsdplsd iln pgrln sgrtl

blsylrlalt il`lb bgbelnmun

Dnijngsdl adln mgnflr, tgtlpd pgngmlalncuaub blsdc tgrsgja-sgja.

Dnijngsdl ylnm--egralt ml pgbdù

sgflrl `lnmsunmnyl--idnd`ld j`gc

iundl dntgrnlsdjnl` sgelmld sl`lc sltu

ngmlrl pl`dnm igbjarls, tgrnyltl tla

sgpgnucnyl egrkl`ln id rg` rghjrblsd.

Clbpdr sgbul `gbelml ngmlrl iln

`gbelml pgbgrdntlcln sgkla rghjrblsd

idmu`draln plil <443 bgnmdarlraln

idrd laln sgrdus bg`laualn rghjrblsd

edrjarlsd iln pgreldaln ylnm gedc elda

egrilslraln rgmu`lsd iln cuaub ylnm

egr`lau id Dnijngsdl.

Vg`lbl `dbl eg`ls tlcun dnd, acusus

lplrltur pgngmla cuaub blsdc

bgbpgrj`gc nd`ld bdnus. Lnmmjtl

Ajbdsd DDD I_U Yls`db Fclndlmj,

egrpgnilplt, cdnmml bgblsuad

pgrsdlpln _gbd`dcln Wbub 5?<9

pgngmlaln cuaub id Dnijngsdl blsdc

kluc ilrd clrlpln blsylrlalt.

Ydnilaln agagrlsln ylnm blsdc

blrla id sgùruc pgnkuru Nuslntlrl,pgngmlaln cuaub ylnm sgtgnmlc cl,

iln pgbegrlntlsln nila pdilnl

ajrupsd ylnm blsdc tgelnm pd`dc ignmln

slnasd ylnm rgnilc, blsdc bgnklid

mlbelrln ylnm tla tgrelntlcaln il`lb

lrus pgngmlaln cuaub id Dnijngsdl

cdnmml sllt dnd.

Vg`lbl bgnklid pj`dsd iln iuiua

id Ajbdsd DDD I_U ylnm bgbedilnmd

blsl`lc cuaub, cla lslsd blnusdl

(CLB), iln aglblnln, Yls`db ila

bg`dclt pgngmlaln cuaub ylnm idfdtl-fdtlaln Dnijngsdl sgrdus id`laslnlaln.

‒Blsdc slnmlt elnyla blsylrlalt adtl

ylnm egùb bgnilpltaln cuaub ylnm

egraglid`ln,‒ uklrnyl.

Vgeulc ngmlrl ylnm ila egrpdkla

plil pgngmlaln cuaub laln bgnklid

ngmlrl elrelr iln kluc ilrd agblkuln.

Eualn cgnila bgbegntua sdalp

pgsdbdss laln pgngmlaln cuaub,

tgtlpd sg`lbl cuaub egùb tgmla

ignmln elda iln egnlr, ngmlrl dnd

tlaaln edsl idclrlpaln blku. ‒Vgele,

ngmlrl blku alrgnl cuaubnyl tgmla

ignmln elda iln egnlr, iln id sdtu lil

agplsln cuaub.‒

_rdl lsl` _lilnm (Vubltgrl) Elrlt

dtu bl`lc adln tgrpgrlnmlc ignmln

pg`laslnlln cuaub id Dnijngsdl lacdr-

lacdr dnd. Vgele, pj`dsd _lrtld Lblnlt

Nlsdjnl` (_LN) dnd bg`dclt cuaub

idpgr`laualn sgsual cl.

‒Al`lu id`dclt lacdr-lacdr dnd, pgngmlaln

cuaub adtl kustru sgbladn runylb.

Ydnila agagrlsln bgrlkl`g`l, ajrupsd

id egrelmld `lpdsln pgbgrdntlcln iln

blsylrlalt bl`lc bladn elnyla,‒

uklrnyl.

Yls`db ylnm ag`lcdrln Elsj, Lmlb,

Vubltgrl Elrlt, Vg`lsl, << Lmustus

<4=? egrpgnilplt, blnusdl-blnusdl

Dnijngsdl ylnm egrprjhgsd sgelmld

lplrlt pgngmla cuaub eualn`lc jrlnm

ejijc ylnm ila bgbd`dad aglc`dln

iln agblbpuln il`lb bgnkl`lnaln

cuaub dtu sgnidrd. Nlbun, subegr ilyl

blnusdl Dnijngsdl adnd, tgrutlbl ylnm

tgrkun sgelmld lplrlt pgngmla cuaub,

bgbd`dad kdwl ylnm agrid` iln ila

sgl plil tumls iln agwlkdelnnyl

untua bgngmlaaln cuaub sgflrl

ajnsdstgn. Dtu sgelenyl slnmlt pgnnm

bgbegnlcd VIB lmlr bgnklid

jrlnm-jrlnm ylnm pltuc iln mgtj`

bg`laslnlaln pgngmlaln cuaub.

‒_gbegnlcln VIB ylnm bgnkl`lnaln

cuaub dtu`lc ylnm bgnklid slnmlt

pgnnm untua sgmgrl id`laualn,‒ altl

kgej`ln Wndvgrsdtls Lnil`ls dnd.

Bgblnm egtu`, blsdc elnyla rgmu`lsd

ltlupun lturln pgrunilnm-unilnmln

ylnm tgrus idegnlcd. Nlbun, sgelmus

lpl pun lturln ylnm ideult, kdal ila

laln id`laslnlaln ignmln ajnsdstgn,blal tlaaln elnyla egrmunl elmd

ageldaln iln pgreldaln Dnijngsdl.

‒Dnd lil`lc sjl` ajbdtbgn pgngmlaln

cuaub. Clrus egrajbdtbgn il`lb

bg`laualn pgngmlaln cuaub dtu

ignmln elda,‒ uklrnyl.




_J@DYDVD

Vuilc wltla iln ajbdtbgn lplrltur

pgngmla cuaub id Dnijngsdl blsdc

`gblc, runylbnyl pgngmlaln cuaub id

Dnijngsdl sgbladn idpgrplrlc ignmln

elnylanyl fg`lc pgrbldnln ylnm edslid`laualn untua bgnyg`gwgnmaln

cuaub id il`lb lturln pgrunilnm-

unilnmln dtu sgnidrd.

Kuml, slnmlt pgrù id`laualn pgreldaln

pgrunilnm-unilnmln ylnm sg`lbl dnd

sg`lù bgbeual fg`lc elmd pgngmla

cuaub untua egrbldn-bldn il`lb

prjsgs cuaub ylnm egr`lnmsunm.

Yls`db ylnm plil _gbdù @gmds`lh

5?<9 blsdc blku sgelmld fl`jn

lnmmjtl I_U ilrd _LN untua Ilgrlc

_gbd`dcln _lilnm bg`dclt sgkub`lc

lturln cuaub ylnm ila bgbegrdaln

agplsln cuaub elmd blsylrlalt,

blsdc slkl lil il`lb sgkub`lc rgmu`lsd

ltlu pgrunilnm-unilnmln. Lturln

ylnm tgrpgnnm sgpgr AWCL_, AWC_,

iln unilnm unilnm ylnm bgnmltur

`gbelml pgngmlaln cuaub sgpgr

Wnilnm-Wnilnm Agklaslln iln

Wnilnm- Wnilnm Agpj`dsdln, clrus

sgmgrl id`laualn pgreldaln iln

pgbegnlcln.

Idl bgnmlaud, il`lb elnyla pgrlturln

pgrunilnm-unilnmln blsdc sg`lù

slkl tgrklid elnyla pgrigeltln pgrdcl`

pgnlhsdrln. _gnlhsdrln unilnm- unilnm

ylnm fgnigrunm bgbeult blsylrlalt

bl`lc bgnklid ajreln agilalid`ln

il`lb pgngrlplnnyl.

‒Id egegrlpl unilnm-unilnm lil

lturln ylnm ila pls sgcdnmml slnmlt

sgrdnm tgrklid pgregilln pgnlhsdrln.

_gnlhsdrln ylnm egregil tgntu laln

sgrdnm bgrumdaln pdcla-pdcla `ldn.

Il`lb pjsdsd sgpgr dtu`lc tgrklid

agilaplsln cuaub,‒ tlbelcnyl.

Il`lb aldtln dtu idl egrclrlp uplyl

pgbegnlcln iln pgngmlaln cuaub

ylnm lid` id`lnkutaln.

_grdcl` _gbdù 5?<9, idl bgnmltlaln

ila lil ylnm tgr`lù dsbgwl, ‒Vgpgr

edlsl, bgnmunkunmd blsylrlalt. Al`lu

lil blsl`lc cuaub, yl egruslcl

bgnmlivjalsd.‒

Vg`lbl egralrdgr id I_U Yls`db

pgrnlc bgnklid sl`lc sltu lnmmjtl

Eliln Lnmmlrln (Elnmmlr) I_U,

tgtlpd agbuidln idl bgnmuniuraln

idrd alrgnl bgnmlau ila nylbln.Bgnmlpl: Idl bg`dclt lnmmlrln untua

bgbeult rulnmln Elnmmlr ila blsua

lal` sgcdnmml tlaut tgrsgrgt il`lb

alsus blra up lnmmlrln.

Iln, egnlr slkl, sgtg`lc bgnyltlaln

buniur ilrd Elnmmlr I_U, alsus

tuiucln ajrupsd Nurclyl, kuml lnmmjtl

Elnmmlr, tgrunmalp ag pgrbualln.

Vgal`dpun egmdtu, Yls`db bgnyltltlaln

_LN laln bgniuaunm Nurclyl sgflrl

pgnuc untua bgbejnmalr prlaa

ajrupsd ylnm tgrklid id il`lb Elnmmlr.

Yla clnyl dtu, idl kuml bgbdntl

Nurclyl bgnmunmalp sgbul

alsus ajrupsd id pgrsdilnmln elcwl

blsdc elnyla `lmd lnmmjtl I_U ylnm

bg`laualn nila pdilnl ajrupsd id

I_U. Vl`lc sltu egntua iuaunmln ylnm

laln idegrdaln lil`lc egrupl elntuln

cuaub.

Bgnurutnyl, Ilnl _gnygsuldln

Idsausd ignmln plrl tjajc nlsdjnl`




EDVNDV & NDLML

Flptldn Yjtj Vjgelnijrj\ul`dty, Vlhgty & Vgfurdty Idrgftjr

‒Vgbul Clrus Ygruaur iln _lstd‒

Agsg`lbltln iln agtgpltln wlatu bgnklid prjiua utlbl

ilrd sgeulc blsalpld pgngrelnmln. Ygrblsua kuml clrus

bgbegrdaln pg`lylnln tgrelda igbd agnylblnln plrl

pgnubplnm pgslwlt.





Idrgatur Vlhgty Blsalpld

_gngrelnmln Vrdwdklyl Ldr

Flptldn Yjtj Vjgelnijrj

bgngmlsaln ml cl` tgrsgeut

(agsg`lbltln, agtgpltln wlatu iln

pg`lylnln tgrelda) clrus idbd`dad j`gc

sglp blsalpld pgngrelnmln.

Bgblnm, suilc rgmu`lsd

stlnilr (VJ_) pgngrelnmln

pgslwlt pgnubplnm, tgtlpd il`lb

pgngrlplnnyl blsdc elnyla tlntlnmln

ylnm clrus idclilpd j`gc blsalpld

pgngrelnmln. Vgal`dpun egmdtu,

tgtlp slkl pgslwlt uilrl bgruplaln

trlnspjrtlsd blssl pl`dnm lbln id

lntlrl trlnspjrtlsd `ldnnyl alrgnl

pgslwlt clrus idkl`lnaln ignmln

VJ_ (stlnilr jpgrlsdjnl` prjsgiur)

dntgrnlsdjnl`.

Il`lb wlwlnflrl ignmln

Blkl`lc DNYGMUDYLV id alntjrnyl

Yjtj bgnkg`lsaln, sgùruc blsalpld

pgngrelnmln id iundl clrus

bgnmdau stlnilr dntgrnlsdjnl` untua

agsg`lbltln pgngrelnmln pgslwlt

pgnubplnm ylnm tgrtulnm il`lb

DFLJ (Dntgrnljnl` Fdvd` Lvdljn

Jrmlndzljn).

Lturln id il`lb DFLJ idklidaln

pgmlnmln j`gc blsdnm-blsdnm ngmlrl,

tgrblsua Dnijngsdl, ylnm agbuidlnbgrukua agplil FLVU (Fdvd` Lvdljn

Vgfurdty Ugmu`ljn). Ignmln bgrukua

agplil FLVU ylnm idsgsuldaln ignmln

ageutucln elnmsl dnd, Dnijngsdl

bgngtlpaln Wnilnm-Wnilnm Njbjr

< Ylcun 5??4 tgntlnm _gngrelnmln.

Wnilnm-unilnm dnd`lc ylnm egr`lau

untua sgbul blsalpld pgngrelnmln id

Dnijngsdl.

Vgml`l cl` ylnm egraldtln

ignmln pgngrelnmln idltur id il`lb

unilnm-unilnm tgrsgeut, tgrblsuacl`-cl` ylnm bgnmltur agsg`lbltln

(slhgty ) pgnubplnm. Agbuidln Yjtj

bgnkg`lsaln l`lsln idl bgnygeut

pgslwlt uilrl bgruplaln trlnspjrtlsd

pl`dnm lbln idelnidnm trlnspjrtlsd

blssl `ldnnyl.

Egmdtu pgnnmnyl hlatjr

agsg`lbltln il`lb iundl pgngrelnmln,

sglp aru, sgpgr pd`jt iln prlbumlrd,

clrus bgbd`dad `dsgnsd ylnm idpgrelrud

il`lb wlatu egral`l. @dsgnsd dtu egrdsd

tgntlnm klbdnln elcwl sglp aru

blsdc tgtlp egrajbpgtgn bgnkl`lnaln

tumlsnyl blsdnm-blsdnm.

‒_d`jt dtu clrus bgbpgrelrud`dsgnsdnyl sgal`d il`lb sgtgnmlc

tlcun. Lplalc blsdc tgtlp ajbpgtgn

bgnkl`lnaln pgslwlt, lplalc

agsgcltlnnyl blsdc prdbl, iln

sgelmldnyl,‒ plplrnyl.

Id slbpdnm bgbd`dad `dsgnsd, plrl

aru kuml clrus bgnmdau pg`lcln-

pg`lcln sgflrl ajnnyu tgraldt

bgnklml agsg`lbltln pgngrelnmln.

Bgnuru idl, plrl aru, acususnyl pd`jt,

plil ilslrnyl egagrkl egrilslraln

trust ltlu agpgrflylln. Bdsl`nyl,pd`jt clrus pgrflyl elcwl ajnidsd sda

pgslwlt ylnm idagnilrldnyl il`lb

aglilln elda iln pd`jt kuml clrus

pgrflyl elcwl kub`lc pgnubplnm

iln alplsdtls elrlnm ila jvgr `jli .

Agpgrflylln dtu ideueucaln il`lb

sgeulc tlnil tlnmln id ltls agrtls

egrnlbl HJ @dsgnsd. Agal tlnil

tlnmln suilc ideueucaln, elru`lc

pd`jt bgngrelnmaln pgslwlt.

‒Edsl idelylnmaln al`lu pd`jt

ila trust . Vlyl blu tgrelnm, slyl

aln ila tlcu pgslwltnyl dnd elmus

ltlu ila, tgtlpd aln slyl clnyl `dclt

pgslwlt dnd suilc idsgrvds. Vlyl clrus

trust agplil dtu. Vlyl ml nmgr tgntlnm

ig` pgslwlt, aln ila bunmadn slyl

nmgfga sltu-sltu. Klid, sgbul dtu

egrilslraln trust , ‐ tutur Yjtj ylnm

egrpgnml`lbln ig`lpln tlcun bgnklid

pd`jt id ilgrlc _lpul.

Iln agal tgrelnm, aunfd utlbl

agsg`lbltln pgngrelnmln lil`lc id

tlnmln pd`jt. _d`jt bgbgmlnm tlnmmunm

klwle egslr laln agsg`lbltln

pgnubplnm. Vg`ldn bgbpgrsdlpaln

ajbpgtgnsd plrl aru, blsalpld kuml

clrus bgnmgrlcaln aru untua bgrlwlt

pgslwlt-pgslwlt sgflrl egral`l sgsuld

klnmal wlatu tgbpucnyl. Lil ylnm

idpgrdasl sltu bl`lb plsfltgrelnm,

`lù idpgrdasl sgtg`lc 9?? klb tgrelnm,

iln sgelmldnyl.

_gbgrdaslln egr`lau untua

rlnmal iln bgsdn pgslwlt. Iln ed`l lil

bgsdn rusla, blal bgsdn edsl idmln.

_gslwlt bgbd`dad iul bgsdn, yldtu

alnln iln adrd. Vglp bgsdn uburnyl

edsl egregil-egil.

‒Alrgnl nmmdnyl rdsdaj ylnmidclilpd pgslwlt, blal pgngrelnmln

pgslwlt bgbd`dad slhgty blnlmgbgnt

systgb,‒ kg`ls Yjtj.

Vlhgty blnlmgbgnt systgb dnd`lc

ylnm idtulnmaln il`lb VJ_ iln sglp

aru clrus bgbltucd `lnmalc-`lnmalc

il`lb VJ_.

‒Bdsl`nyl, egmdtu tlag j

bgsdnnyl tgrelalr. @lù lpl ylnm

id`laualn: Dau prjsgiur, ila

bgnmdrl-nmdrl slkl. Klid sgbul jrlnmylnm bgnilplt blsl`lc bgsdn

tgrelalr, nilalnnyl laln slbl,

alrgnl suilc idltur sgig`-ig`nyl,‒

uklr Yjtj.

Yjtj bgnfjntjcaln elmldblnl

prjsgiur sgegùb tgrelnm kuml clrus

idpltucd, bu`ld ilrd ajnidsd fulfl,

agtgrsgidlln elcln elalr, klrla

plnilnm bdndbl` ylnm clrus idpltucd

sgegùb bgnilrlt, eltls agnmmdln

tgrgnilc pgslwlt sgegùb bgnilrlt

iln sgelmldnyl. ‐Klid al`lu adtl nmdau VJ_, pls lbln.‒.

@lntls, bgnmlpl tgrklid

agfg`lalln pgslwlt id Dnijngsdl:

Yjtj bgngmlsaln elcwl untua

bgnmgtlcud sgflrl pgrsds pgnygele

agfg`lalln pgslwlt ila edsl clnyl

ignmln bgnmlnl`dsds sltu hlatjr. Laln

tgtlpd, idl bgnmlaud cubln grrjr

bgnklid pgnygele tgrnmmd tgrklidnyl

agfg`lalln pgslwlt. Alrgnl dtu`lc

blsalpld pgngrelnmln tgrblsua

Vrdwdklyl bgbeult igplrtgbgnacusus ylnm bgnmurus sgml`l cl` ylnm

egrcueunmln ignmln agsg`lbltln

pgngrelnmln, yldtu igplrtgbgn slhgty

iln igplrtgbgn sgfurdty.

Igplrtgbgn slhgty hunmsdnyl

bgnfgmlc tgrklidnyl agfg`lalln,

sgilnmaln igplrtgbgn sgfurdty

hunmsdnyl lil`lc bgnfgmlc lilnyl

nilaln bg`lwln cuaub.




bgnygwl bgblald bltl ulnm ij``lr,

sgilnmaln agt idkul` ignmln bltl

ulnm rupdlc. Yla edsl idbunmadrd, sllt

dnd elnyla pgruslclln pgngrelnmln

bgnml`lbd ardsds. Vltu-sltunyl flrl

lmlr sg`lblt ilrd ardsds dnd, bgnurut

Yjtj, lil`lc ignmln bg`laualn

ghgsdgnsd pgruslclln ed`l ila dnmdn

aj`lps.

Vgbul _gslwlt Yla Dnmdn Ig`ly

Yjtj bgnmlaud lil egegrlpl

cl` ylnm sgrdnm bgnmmlnmmu plrl

pgnubplnm, tgrblsua blsalpld

pgngrelnmln sgnidrd, yldtu ed`l

tgrklid ig`ly ltlu agtgr`lbeltln

pgngrelnmln. _gnygele agtgr`lbeltln

edsl idaltgmjrdaln bgnklid iul kgnds,unfjntrj`le`g iln dnfjntrj`le`g. Hlatjr

ylnm ila edsl idajntrj`, yldtu ed`l

el-el fulfl egruelc bgnklid eurua,

plradr pgslwlt pgnuc ylnm bunmadn

idsgelealn `lnidnm ignmln blsalpld

pgngrelnmln `ldn sgflrl egrslblln,

iln sgelmldnyl. Vgilnmaln hlatjr

dnfjntrj`le`g lil`lc hlatjr-hlatjr

dntgrnl` ylnm dnmdn idcdnilrd sgbul

blsalpld pgngrelnmln. Bdsl`nyl,

aru iltlnm tgr`lbelt, prjsgs fcgfa-dn

ylnm `lbelt, prjsgs pgbultln elmlsd,

ltlu el-el bgsdn pgslwlt ruslaylnm blu ila blu clrus ig`ly untua

pgreldaln.

@lù elmldblnl ignmln pg`lylnln

pgngrelnmln: Yjtj bgnmltlaln elcwl

pg`lylnln pgngrelnmln lil`lc nd`ld

tlbelc sgeulc blsalpld pgngrelnmln.

Tlnm tgrpgnnm lil`lc stlnilr

agsg`lbltln iln agtgpltln wlatu

clrus idpgnucd tgr`gedc iuù. Nlbun

Blsalpld _gngrelnmln Vrdwdklyl ila

blu bgnmleldaln hlatjr pg`lylnln

dnd. Vrdwdklyl egruslcl bgbegrdalnpg`lylnln tgrelda igbd agnylblnln

pgnubplnm. Vl`lc sltu ukunm tjbela

ilrd pg`lylnln ylnm egrsgntucln

`lnmsunm ignmln pgnubplnm lil`lc

plrl prlbumlrd ltlu prlbumlr j`gc

alrgnl dtu bgrgal clrus idegal`d

VJ_ untua bg`lylnd pgnubplnm

ignmln elda iln rlblc. Iln ed`l lil

janub prlbumlrd ylnm ila bg`lylnd

pgnubplnm ignmln elda, pdcla

Vrdwdklyl ila sgmln-sgmln bgbegrd

pgrdnmltln agplil arunyl, elcaln

slbpld bgbgflt.

Ignmln prdnsdp ‒bgbpgr`laualn

fustjbgr sgelmld tlbu ylnm

tgrcjrblt‒, Vrdwdklyl ylnm bgbd`dad

63 pgslwlt yladn edsl egrajbpgsd

ignmln blsalpld pgngrelnmln `ldn

ylnm bunmadn bgbd`dad pgslwlt `gedc

elru ltlu rulnm iuiua ylnm `gedc ùls.

Vgbul Edsl Idltlsd Ed`l Bgbltucd

VJ_

_gnml`lbln Yjtj sg`lbl bgnklid

pd`jt suilc ila idrlmualn `lmd. Dl

bgnmlslc agblbpuln lwl`nyl

sgelmld pgngrelnm lnmsunm plil zjnl

ylnm bgbd`dad tlntlnmln iln ajnidsd

su`dt idelnidnm zjnl `ldnnyl.

@uùs ilrd Vgaj`lc _gngrelnmln

Furum, Ygnmgrlnm, Elntgn, Yjtj

`lnmsunm bgnkl`lnd daltln idnls ignmln

blsalpld pgngrelnmln Bgrpl. _lil

wlatu dtu idl `lnmsunm idtgbpltaln

id alwlsln _lpul. Lirgnl`dn blsl

builnyl ila bgbeultnyl tlaut

bgnmclilpd ajnidsd mgjmrls iln fulfl

_lpul ylnm su`dt untua pgngrelnmln.

Ygrelnm id lntlrl `grgnm

pgmununmln clnyl ignmln agnmmdln




GSGFWYDXG

Agfgrilsln Tgnd suilc tgr`dclt

agal dl bgrldc prgidalt

fub`luig iln bgnklid

ùùsln tgrelda idlntlrl

tgbln sg-lnmaltln id Hlau`tls Cuaub

Wndvgrsdtls _liklklrln Elniunm. Dl

bgnklid ùùsln tgrfgplt alrgnl clnyl

bgbeutucaln gbplt tlcun untua

bgnyg`gsldaln stuid id sgeulc kurusln

ylnm sgegtu`nyl tgragnl` ila builc

ùùs fgplt. Dl bgbd`dc kurusln Cuaub

Dntgrnlsdjnl` alrgnl Tgnd egrfdtl-fdtl

egagrkl id Igplrtgbgn @ulr Ngmgrd.

Ygtlpd sgtg`lc bgndbelnm-ndbelnm

lntlrl pgblsualn iln pgnmgùlrln

ylnm laln idpgrj`gcnyl ed`l egagrkl id

Igpù sllt dtu, Tgnd pun `gedc bgbd`dc

egagrkl id alntjr rbl cuaub.

Blaùb sllt dtu mlkd _NV tgred`lnm

bdndb, sgilnmaln Tgnd suilc tgredlslbgnmg`j`l agulnmln sgnidrd alrgnl

dl au`dlc ignmln edlyl sgnidrd iln

bgnilplt eglsdswl.

_gnml`lbln pgrtlbl plil iundl

prlaa cuaub idbu`ld agal sl`lc

sgjrlnm sgndjr id HC Wnpli bgnmlkla

Tgnd egagrkl id `lw rb bd`da Yubeuln

_lng. Ignmln dntgrvdgw iln prjsgs

ylnm sdnmalt, Tgnd `lnmsunm idtgrdbl

id fjrpjrltg `lw rb pgnmlflrl sgndjr

tgrsgeut. Clnyl aurlnm `gedc 6 eu`ln id

`lw rb tgrsgeut, Tgnd ylnm sgkla ilrdlwl` bgblnm egragdnmdnln egagrkl

id CC_ (Clidputrlntj Clidnjtj &

_lrtngrs), egrl`dlsd ignmln Elagr

BfAgnzdg @lw rb. Vgeulc `lw

rb tgrnlbl iln bgnklid dbpdln

plrl ùùsln slrklnl cuaub. Mlkd

pgrtlblnyl id lwl` <447 dtu bgnflpld

37? WV ij``lr. Yukuc sgtgnmlc tlcun

ylnm id`gwlnyl id CC_ ila

tgrlsl. Alrgnl dl egrautlt ignmln

bgnmgrklaln elnyla alsus, prjyga

iln tglb wjra ylnm bgnygnlnmaln. Dl

hjaus bgnlnmlnd bgrmgr, laudsdsd ilnplslr bjil`. Ygrlacdr dl suilc bgnklid

sgndjr lssjfdltg id CC_.

Vg`lbl tlcun <447 ‖ 5??5, Tgnd egralrdr

id CC_. Dl pun bu`ld tgrslilr elcwl

tgrnyltl idrdnyl bgnklid deu ylnm slnmlt

sdeua untua agiul lnlanyl ylnm blsdc

agfd`, lpl`lmd dl tgralilnm clrus pu`lnm

plmd untua bgnmgklr igli`dng id alntjr.

Vllt dtu pd`dclnnyl bgbeult `lwrb

sgnidrd ignmln agiul rgalnnyl ltlu

bgngrdbl tlwlrln cglicuntgr untua

egagrkl id pgruslclln bu`nlsdjnl`.

Ylpd lacdrnyl dl bgbutusaln untua

bgbprjsgs tlwlrln egagrkl id

pgruslclln bu`nlsdjnl` tgrsgeut.

‐Cdiup dtu aln pd`dcln. Vlyl bgbd`dc

id fjrpjrltg bgnklid dncjusg fjunsg`.

Iln, Tgnd pun egagrkl sg`lbl 5,7 tlcun

id _Y Fjfl-Fj`l Dnijngsdl sgelmld

Ugmdjn Fjunsg`, flauplnnyl tgrblsua

Dnijngsdl, Glst Ydbjr, _lpul Numdnd

iln Vj`jbjn Ds`lni. Idvdsd `gml` dnd

tlidnyl egùb lil id pgruslclln

tgrsgeut. Vg`ldn bgbeult hunmsd iln

tglb elru Tgnd kuml bgnsjsdl`dslsdaln

Fjig jh Eusdngss Fjniuft ag sgùruc

alrylwln iln pdcla agml ylnm

bgruplal rgalnln edsnds pgruslcllnsgrtl bg`laualn laudsdsd pgruslclln

bdnubln il`lb agblsln.

Tgnd agbuidln bgnilplt tlwlrln `lmd

untua bgnmdsd pjsdsd sgelmld Vgndjr

Xdfg _rgsdignt @gml` Fjunsg` id _Y MG

Hdnlnfg. Tgndpun tgrtlrda alrgnl sllt

dtu pgruslclln laln bgnmlaudsdsd sultu

elna. Laln tgtlpd rgnflnl tgrsgeut

ideltlàln alrgnl sgsultu cl`.

Bgngrjejs Vlrd Cuslil

Agal cglicuntgr bgnlwlraln Tgnd

untua pjsdsd Fjrpjrltg Vgfrgtlry id

_Y Vlrd Cuslil Yea, dl slnmlt lntusdls

alrgnl bgnklid Fjrpjrltg Vgfrgtlry

lil`lc sultu dbpdln Tgnd agal dl

bgnklid flpdtl` blragt `lwygr id

CC_. Iln dlpun lacdrnyl tgrpd`dc ilrd

egegrlpl alnidilt `ldn untua pjsdsd

tgrsgeut. _lil sllt dtu usdl Tgnd elru

bgnmdnkla 69 tlcun.

Id pgruslclln dnd`lc Tgnd eg`lklr

elnyla cl`. _lil sllt Tgnd blsua

id Vlrd Cuslil, pgruslclln dtu

sgilnm id dnvgsmlsd alrgnl lilnyl

pgnydbplnmln, dnsdigr trlidnm. Vgbul

blnlkgbln `lbl elda idrgasd blupun

ajbdslrdsnyl agnl slnasd ilrd jtjrdtls

plslr bjil`. Tgndpun egregnlc,

iln `lmd-`lmd daut bgnyusun iln

bgnsjsdl`dslsdaln fjig jh eusdngss

fjniuft untua sgùruc alrylwln iln

supp`dgr tgrblsua sjsdl`dslsd l`grt

pj`dfy, wcdst`g e`jwgr id pgruslclln

tgrsgeut. Vg`ldn dtu bgrgvdgw sgbul

fjntrlft ylnm lil, bgbpgreldad, iln

bgbeult sultu stlnilri ylnm egr`lau.

Egrslbl-slbl ignmln blnkgbgn elru

albd bgbpgreldad sdstgb agsgùrucln




sgnidrd egsgrtl agiul lnlanyl sgtg`lc

idnmml` sulbd tgrfdntl plil tlcun

`lù idalrgnlaln sladt alnagr. bgbd`dad

prdnsdp, lilnyl ajbundalsd, ajbdtbgn

iln agsgdbelnmln. Ajbundalsd

dtu bgnurut slyl pl`dnm pgnnm,

ajbundalsd ylnm clnmlt elda dtu il`lb

tglb agrkl blupun il`lb agùlrml

sgcdnmml agtgreualln bgnklid euilyl.

Cl` dnd ylnm bgbeult sulbd (l`b) iln

lnla-lnla slyl sl`dnm bgblaùbd iln

bgnmgr, tgrultlb plil sllt jrlnm

tul sgilnm sdeua ignmln pgagrkllnnyl.

Agbuidln adtl pgrù bgbelnmun

agsgplaltln untua idklidaln ajbdtbgn

untua agpgnnmln agùlrml blupun

pgagrklln. Vgpgr il`lb pgagrklln, id

agùlrml kuml bus bgùlnmaln wlatu

untua bgnidsausdaln lpl ylnm bgnklid

prdjrdtls. Vgtg`lc dtu, slyl egruslclbgnklml agsgdbelnmln lntlrl

alrdgr iln agùlrml. Vlyl egruslcl

bgnygidlaln wlatu untua bg`laualn

sgsultu ylnm egrclrml iln egraul`dtls

untua agùlrml, sgelmldblnl adtl kuml

bgnmltur wlatu untua alrdr igbd

prjiuavdtls agrkl. Ugnflnl `deurln

elda id il`lb blupun ulr ngmgrd sg`lù

bgruplaln lmgnil idsausd agùlrml

ylnm pl`dnm bgnygnlnmaln untua

sg`lù albd rgnflnlaln, tutur Deu ylnm

mgblr egrj`lcrlml tgrutlbl kjmmdnm,

Tgnd lil`lc sgjrlnm prjhgssdjnl` ignmlnpgnml`lbln `gedc ilrd <3 tlcun egagrklid @lwrb tgragbual iln egegrlplpgruslclln bu`tdnlsdjnl`.

Vgegùbnyl Tgnd bgbu`ld alrdrnylignmln egagrkl sgelmld ajnsu`tln cuaubid edilnm B&L iln _lslr Bjil` plilubeuln _lng Fjunsg`jrs lt @lw, CC_(Clidputrlntj, Clidnjtj & _lrtngrs)

egrl`dlsd ignmln Elagr & BfAgnzdg@lwrb, agbuidln sgelmld Ugmdjn Fjunsgìd _ Fjfl-Fj`l Dnijngsdl iln sgelmldVgndjr Xdfg _rgsdignt @gml` Fjunsg` plil_ MG Hdnlnfg Dnijngsdl sgrtl tgrlacdrslbpld ignmln Kund 5?<6 sgelmld Fjrpjrltg Lldrs & @gml` Idrgftjr id _ Vlrd Cuslil,Eley Nutrdtdjn Idvdsdjn, Ilnjng Mrjup

Tgnd ùùs ignmln prgidalt Fub @luigilrd Hlau`tls Cuaub, kurusln CuaubDntgrnltdjnl`, Wndvgrsdtls _likliklrln,Elniunm. Vgrtl bgbd`dad FgrtdgiBlstgrf`lss jh GW @jeeydnm ilrd Gurjpglnrldndnm Dnstdtutg, Erussg` iln tg`lcbgnmdautd Gxgfutdvg Giufltdjn _rjmrlbilrd Clrvlri Eusdngss Vfcjj`.

Tgnd sllt dnd kuml bgnklelt sgelmld lnmmjtl

igwln pgnmlwls ilrd Tlylsln Wnd`gvgrDnijngsdl iln Agtul igwln _gbednl Lsjsdlsd Fjrpjrltg Fjunsg` Dnijngsdlltlu DFFL, idblnl plil tlcun 5??9 Tgnd kuml sgelmld pgnidrd ilrd lsjsdlsd tgrsgeutegrslbl rgaln-rgaln ilrd CVEF, _cd``dpBjrrds, Ngst`g iln _zgr.

kuml cjeey trlvg``dnm, mlrigndnm iln

bgbelfl pudsd sgrtl bgnjntjn ej`l

dnd. @dvgrpjj` iln Elrfg`jnl lil`lc

fùe hlvjrdtnyl.

Elmd slyl, alrdgr iln agùlrml lil`lc

sgeulc agsltuln, agcdiupln utuc,

sl`dnm bgniuaunm. Agùlrml lil`lc

aunfd agelclmdlln iln bgruplaln

bjvlsd sgal`dmus dnspdrlsd slyl il`lb

egagrkl.

(Cgnirda)

Tgnd Hltblwl,

Fjrpjrltg @gml` Idrgftjr

_Y Wnd`gvgr Dnijngsdl Yea.




_lil Bu`lnyl Lil`lcVlnmsd ...

Ujy VuryjBgntgrd _gbuil iln J`lcrlml

Vgkla id`lntda bgnklid Bgntgrd _gbuil iln J`lcrlml, Ujy Vuryj tdila

egrpdadr bu`ua-bu`ua. Tlnm plstd, sgtubpua pgagrklln rublc clrus

idl tuntlsaln. Iln, edsl.

EDUJAULVD





EDUJAULVD

Ujy Vuryj id`lna sgelmld Bgnpjrl j`gc _rgsdign

Vusd`j Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj bgnmmlnaln

Lnid L`ln Bl``lrlnmgnm ylnm tgrsgrgt alsus

ajrupsd. _g`lnaln ylnm id`laualn id Dstlnl

Ngmlrl plil Vg`lsl <7 Klnulrd 5?<5 dtu

`lnmsunm bgnmunilnm elnyla arda. Vgkub`lc al`lnmln

bgnd`ld pj`dsd _lrtld Igbjarlt dtu ila pls bgbdbpdn

Agbgnpjrl. Idl idsgeut ila bgbd`dad alplsdtls iln

alpled`dtls untua bgnlnmlnd sgkub`lc pgrsjl`ln, tgrutlbl

bgnylnmaut pgrsgtgruln id tueuc _VVD.

‒Vlyl bgnylilrd, slyl blsua (Agbgnpjrl) suilc id ukunm

blsl pgrdjig kleltln. Vgbul prjmrlb suilc lil, slyl

clnyl bgngrusaln slkl. Vlyl bgblnm clrus bu`ld ilrd

zgrj, egnlr-egnlr bgbu`ld ilrd zgrj,‒ altl Ujy Vuryj agal

idwlwlnflrld acusus j`gc Blkl`lc DNYGMUDYLV id alntjrnyl

58 Vgptgbegr lù.

Lc`d tg`gblal dtu bgnylilrd, iuaunmln sgkub`lc g`gbgn

blsylrlalt agplil idrdnyl sgelmld Bgnpjrl kluc ilrd

clrlpln.

‒Al`lu lil jrlnm ed`lnm elcwl slyl idrlmualn, slyl altlaln

ila, eualn elnyla jrlnm bgrlmualn agblbpuln slyl,

tgtlpd sgbul jrlnm bgrlmualn slyl,‒ uklrnyl, tgragagc.

Ujy Vuryj ila pltlc sgblnmlt. Vgal`dpun idsgpg`galn, idl

egrtgali bgbegnlcd dnstusd, sgal`dmus bgnmurld iundl

j`lcrlml ylnm sllt dtu ajnidsdnyl delrlt egnlnm ausut, kuml

pgrsjl`ln agpgbuilln. ‒Il`lb `gvg` ylnm idrlmualn, slyl

ila surut. Vlyl njtcdnm tj `jsg ignmln sgbul lnmmlpln

dtu, ylnm pgnnm slyl egagrkl ignmln sgpgnuc cl slkl.‒

Il`lb agsgbrlwutln, Bgnpjrl ag-<< dnd bgbu`ld `lnmalcignmln bgniltl sgkub`lc pgrsjl`ln ylnm sgilnm idclilpd

Agbgnpjrl. @lnmalc egrdaut ylnm id`laualnnyl lil`lc

ajnsj`dilsd untua bgnyg`gsldaln pgrsjl`ln id tueuc _VVD,

agbuidln elru bgnmuadr prgstlsd.

‒Ydml cl` dtu kuml idslbpldaln _la _rgsdign untua slyl

`laslnlaln,‒ plplrnyl.

Bgntgrd ylnm egrnlbl `gnmalp Alnkgnm Ulign Bls

Yubgnmmunm Ujy Vuryj Njtjidprjkj dnd, urusln dntgrnl`

agbgntgrdln pun tgrajtla-ajtla. Lrnyl, id `gbelml dtu

blsdc bgnmlalr agpgnnmln-agpgnnmln iln ag`jbpja-

ag`jbpja ilrd bgntgrd-bgntgrd tgrilcuù. Bgrgal sl`dnm

mgsga.

‒Ajnidsd alntjr slnmlt ila ajniusdh. Vlyl slbpldaln,

alntjr dnd ila ej`gc tgrajtla-ajtla, ila lil ag`jbpja

`lbl ltlu ag`jbpja elru id sdnd sgalrlnm, sgbul clrus

egrsltu, ila ej`gc tgrajtla-ajtla,‒ uklr Ujy, ylnm

bgnmlau ajnidsd dntgrnl` suilc bgnidnmln iln uplyl

pgnmjtla-nmjtlaln bu`ld egraurlnm.

Il`lb sltu tlcun, prdl ag`lcdrln Tjmylalrtl <3 Ku`d <483 dtu

bgnmuplylaln ajnsj`dilsd dntgrnl` id Agbgnpjrl. Bgnurut

idl, il`lb sdsl blsl tumls ghgah aurlnm `gedc sgtlcun `lmd,

ila lil prjmrlb ylnm egruelc.

_rdl ylnm adnd kuml tgrfltlt sgelmld fl`jn lnmmjtl `gmds`lh

(fl`gm) _lrtld Igbjarlt ilrd Ilgrlc _gbd`dcln Tjmylalrtl

dtu clnyl dnmdn bgblsaln elcwl sgbul prjmrlb

agbgntgrdln ylnm tg`lc idrlnflnm iln idlnmmlraln j`gc

bgntgrd sgegùbnyl egrslbl Ajbdsd S I_U edsl egrkl`ln.

Ignmln ajnidsd alntjr ylnm idnmmlàln bgntgrd

sgegùbnyl iln prjmrlb-prjmrlb ylnm suilc idlnmmlraln,

Ujy ila edsl egreult elnyla alrgnl lnmmlrln suilc

idpltja. Egùb `lmd ajnidsd alntjr ylnm fdtrlnyl lnk`ja

ladelt blsl`lc alsus cuaub dtu.

‒Tlnm edsl slyl `laualn lil`lc bgndnmaltaln aul`dtls iln

bgbpgrtlklb prjmrlb-prjmrlb ylnm suilc lil sgkla

`lbl iln egruslcl ila bgnlbelc prjmrlb elru. Eualn

alrgnl ila lil dig ltlu mlmlsln-mlmlsln elru, tgtlpd

sdtulsdnyl egmdtu,‒ kg`ls Ujy.

Il`lb sdtulsd ylnm aurlnm bgnmuntunmaln dtu Ujy kuml

bgrlsl elcwl sgagfd` lpl pun pgrsjl`ln ylnm lil sg`lù

`lnmsunm bgnjcja idrdnyl. ‐Bu`ld ilrd L slbpld [, sgbul

clrus adtl clilpd. Tl idclilpd ignmln `lplnm ilil iln

tgrsgnyub slkl, sgbelrd tgtlp egagrkl agrls. Lpl ylnm

edsl adtl agrklaln yl idagrklaln, iln slyl sg`lù bgnfjel,

ila egrcgn id sltu a, klnmln bgnygrlc, pls tgrflpld

tukuln dtu, wl`lu tla sgbuilc bgbel`daaln tg`lpla

tlnmln, tgtlpd lplpun ylnm tg`lc id`laualn, pls egrmunl.‒

Ujy Vuryj Vjl` Lspga Agpgbuilln

JA_-JA_ Klnmln

Bdntl Idsusud Ygrus

Agal bgnklid jrlnm njbjr sltu id Agbgntgrdln _gbuil

iln J`lcrlml idl egtu`-egtu` tgragkut. Vgele, elnyla

prjmrlb ylnm sgclrusnyl tgrlrlc iln egrilyl munl

`lnmsunm elmd blsylrlalt, tgrnyltl clnyl bgnmcledsaln

lnmmlrln untua agmdltln-agmdltln sgrgbjndl` eg`lal ilrd

sgkub`lc jrmlndslsd agpgbuilln (JA_).

‒Iln tgrnyltl cl` sgpgr dtu tg`lc egr`lnmsunm sgkla `lbl.

Vlyl ila sgtuku ed`l lnmmlrln agpgbuilln idpgrmunlaln

clnyl untua urusln dntgrnl` JA_-JA_ sgpgr busil, rlplt

agrkl, ajnmrgs, iln agmdltln dntgrnl` bgrgal slkl,‒ unmalp

Ujy.

Vgal`dpun lil pgngntlnmln ilrd sgkub`lc al`lnmln,

tgrblsua id dntgrnl` agbgntgrdln, Ujy Vuryj bg`laualn

pgbegnlcln agedklaln lnmmlrln ignmln bgngalnaln




elcwl JA_-JA_ edsl `gedc ghgah idednl eualn ignmln flrl

bgbegrdaln lnmmlrln fubl-fubl elmd urusln dntgrnl`

jrmlndslsd bgrgal.

‒Albd `laualn pgnltlln dntgrnl`. Lnmmlrln ila ej`gc

idegrdaln agplil JA_-JA_ untua rlplt-rlplt dntgrnl`

bgrgal. Kdal JA_ bgbd`dad prjmrlb rdd` ag blsylrlalt,

sgpgr sunltln blssl`. _gbelnmunln dnhrlstruatur,

pg`lcln agpgbuilln ylnm rdd` iln egtua-egntua prjmrlb

ylnm idl`jalsdaln `lnmsunm ag blsylrlalt, ej`gc id-

suppjrt ,‒ uklrnyl.

Ujy Vuryj egrclrlp agpgbuilln edsl `gedc blnidrd iln

egrilyl munl elmd pgbelnmunln blsylrlalt elnyla.

L`jalsd lnmmlrln, ylnm sg`lbl dnd bgblnklaln JA_-

JA_ ila edsl idkl`lnaln sgpgr dtu slkl. ‒Aln pgbuil

lil`lc pgbdbpdn blsl igpln, clrusnyl ilrd sgalrlnm

suilc egreult ag blsylrlalt, `gedc blnidrd iln ila

clnyl edslnyl tgrmlntunm iln idsusud tgrus ilrd lnmmlrln

Agbgnpjrl.‒

Yumls pgrtlbl ylnm id`laualnnyl untua bgbegnlcd

agpgbuilln, sg`ldn bgngrealn pgnmmunlln lnmmlrln,

lil`lc ignmln bg`laualn pgnigaltln pgnyg`gsldln agplil

JA_ ylnm egrsgtgru il`lb urusln agpgnmurusln, sgpgr

Ajbdtg Nlsdjnl` _gbuil Dnijngsdl (AN_D) ylnm bgnml`lbd

iul`dsbg agpgnmurusln.

‒ L`clbiu`d``lc, adtl bgnkl`dn ajbundalsd untua

bgnyg`gsldaln pgrsjl`ln bgrgal, iln ag igpln edsl

egrsdngrmd bg`laualn prjmrlb-prjmrlb egrslbl. Kuml,

albd turun untua bgnyg`gsldaln ajnda agpgnmurusln id

AJND,‒ uklrnyl.

Ydml prjmrlb `lbl id Agbgnpjrl il`lb edilnm

agpgbuilln ylnm agbel`d idml`laaln Ujy Vuryj lil`lc

prjmrlb pgnlnmlnln egnflnl l`lb, tgrjrdsbg, iln

pgnyl`lcmunlln nlrajel.

Agbgnpjrl bgngagn BJW (njtl agsgplclbln) ignmln

sgkub`lc pdcla tgraldt pgbegntualn Vltmls Agpgbuilln

Lnnlrajel, Vltmls _gbuil Ylnmmlp Egnflnl iln Vltmls



=? DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

EDUJAULVD

_gbuil _gnlnmmu`lnmln Ygrjrdsbg. Vg`ldn

dtu, lil kuml prjmrlb-prjmrlb agpgbuilln

`ldnnyl, sgpgr Alpl` _gbuil Nuslntlrl,

Vlrklnl _gnmmgrla _gigslln, _lsaderlal,

iln _rlbual, sgrtl prjmrlb agwdrluslclln

egragrkl slbl dnstlnsd-dnstlnsd tgraldt.

Ujy Vuryj Vjl` Lspga Agj`lcrlmlln

Lt`gt Wadr _rgstlsd iln

Clrus Ygtlp Vgaj`lc

Bgnmgrga iundl j`lcrlml Dnijngsdl,

tgrblsua sgpla ej`l, ag tgbplt ylnm `gedc

egrmgnmsd lil`lc tumls iln tlnmmunm klwleBgnpjrl. Vgbul kgnds j`lc rlml, elmd Ujy

Vuryj, lil`lc prdjrdtls. Ydila lil flelnm

j`lcrlml tgrtgntu ylnm `gedc idunmmuàln.

Flelnm-flelnm j`lcrlml ylnm sg`lbl dnd

ila bgnklid hlvjrdt elmd blsylrlalt kuml

clrus tgrus idagbelnmaln.

‒Vgbul kgnds j`lcrlml adtl ijrjnm untua

blku. J`lcrlml ylnm sg`lbl dnd aurlnm

bgnilplt pgrclln blsylrlalt ùls, sgpgr

bgnilyunm, plnlcln, iln egrauil, adtl

iltlnmd iln ijrjnm pgndnmaltln aul`dtls iln

prgstlsdnyl,‒ uklr Ujy.

Vgal`dpun egmdtu, tla ilplt idslnmal`,

blsylrlalt Dnijngsdl kuml bgbd`dad bdnlt

ylnm slnmlt egslr tgrclilp sgpla ej`l iln

euù tlnmads. Iul kgnds j`lc rlml dnd sglaln

ila laln pgrnlc `gpls ilrd kdwl iln rlml

blsylrlalt Dnijngsdl.

‒Vgcgelt lpl pun prgstlsd j`lcrlml ylnm `ldn,

kdal sgpla ej`l iln euù tlnmads adtl kge ja, adtl laln idj`ja-

j`ja iln idlnmmlp mlml` bgnmurusd j`lcrlml. Idlnmmlp

ila bgbd`dad prgstlsd,‒ uklrnyl.

Acusus untua iul kgnds j`lcrlml ylnm idagnl` bgrlayltid Dnijngsdl dtu, Ujy Vuryj bgnkg`lsaln, _rgsdign sgnidrd

bgbegrdaln pgrclln tgrsgnidrd. Laln tgtlpd, cl` dtu ila

`lntls bgbeultnyl egrsdalp egr`gedcln.

‒Ygtlp prjpjrsdjnl` slkl. Iln bgblnm ila edsl tutup

bltl kuml ignmln ajnidsd dnd, sgele rgl`dtlsnyl, blsylrlalt

adtl bgblnm elnyla bgnmunmmuàln agiul j`lcrlml dnd.

Tlnm pls, adtl klnmln slbpld leld iln klnmln kuml `gely

il`lb bgnmurusdnyl,‒ uklrnyl.

Wntua edilnm sgpla ej`l, alrgnl bjtjr utlblnyl

lil`lc _VVD, Bgnpjrl pun tgr`gedc ilcuù bgblsaln

pgbegnlcln jrmlndslsd sgpla ej`l Dnijngsdl dnd. Iul`dsbg

agpgnmurusln id tueuc _VVD bgnklid cl` urmgn untua sgmgrl

idsg`gsldaln.

‒ L`clbiu`d``lc, _VVD blu idpgrsltualn iln gedc

bgnmutlblaln pgrsltuln iln j`lc rlml sgpla ej`l

Dnijngsdl ag igpln. _gr`lcln sgpla ej`l adtl kuml

bgnunkuaaln prgstlsdnyl. Adtl tgrus egnlcd iln nmaltaln

aul`dtls id slnl,‒ uklrnyl.

_gbednlln igbd pgbednlln tgrclilp lt`dt sgpla ej`l pun

adln idml`laaln. Iuaunmln iln gvlùlsd ylnm egraul`dtls

tgrus id`laualn Agbgnpjrl.



=<DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

‒Vlyl egrtgrdbl alsdc alrgnl _VVD adtl blu egrsltu.

_rgstlsd pls edsl bunfu` al`lu egrsltu. Vlyl kuml blsua

ag sgbul `dnd, ag lt`gt usdl <5, <4, 56, iln bnls sgndjr.

Dnd clrus idalwl` tgrus iln clrus lil pgreldaln. _rgstlsd

idnmaltaln tgrus,‒ kg`lsnyl.

Elcaln, pgrsjl`ln tgraldt pgbldn nlturl`dslsd ylnm

bgnklbur id aùe-aùe sgpla ej`l Dnijngsdl bgnklidsl`lc sltu pgrclln ylnm clrus idegnlcd. Bgnurut

Ujy, Dnijngsdl bgbd`dad ededt-ededt unmmu` pgsgpla ej`l.

Nlnnyl, plrl pgbldn nlturl`dslsd dtu laln idaurlnmd

cdnmml el slltnyl ila bgbgrùaln pgbldn nlturl`dslsd.

‒Bgblnm ila sgbuilc bgbel`daaln tlnmln. Wntua

lwl`-lwl` il`lb bgrlnmslnm prgstlsd, ej`gc-ej`gc slkl

pgbldn nlturl`dslsd lil. Ygtlpd untua sgtgrusnyl, pgr`lcln

idaurlnmd, iln nlnnyl yl ila pgrù Dnijngsdl bgbd`dad

pgbldn nlturl`dslsd. Alrgnl dtu, kdwl agelnmslln iln

sgblnmlt pltrdjsbg lt`gt-lt`gt adtl kuml clrus tgrus

idtubeucagbelnmaln. Adtl blbpu, adtl edsl egrprgstlsd

tlnpl pgbldn nlturl`dslsd nlnnyl,‒ plplrnyl.

Il`lb blsl agpgbdbpdnlnnyl, Ujy Vuryj ila kjrkjrln

bgniltlnmaln lt`gt-lt`gt egrprgstlsd ag alntjrnyl.

_gnmlnmunm-lmunmln lt`gt ignmln bgbpgrtjntjnaln

sgkub`lc pgbegrdln ejnus ltlupun tunklnmln id alntjrnyl

eualn pd`dclnnyl. Elmdnyl, `gedc elda plrl lt`gt dtu ignmln

tgnlnm agbel`d ag tgbpltnyl blsdnm-blsdnm, tgtlp egr`lc

iln bgnmuadr prgstlsd.

Ujy laln bgniltlnmd bgrgal sgflrl lnmsunm lmlr bgrgal

ila idrgpjtaln ignmln urusln lajbjilsd untua iltlnm

ag alntjr dnd. ‒Kustru pgrclln ilrd Bgnpjrl, sgpgr

bgbegrdaln pgnmclrmlln ltls agegrclsd`ln bgrgal, eldaegrupl slntunln, tunklnmln ltlu ejnus, `gedc elda slyl

`laualn `lnmsunm. Klnmln aclwlr ila idpgrclaln, pls

laln slyl iltlnmd.‒

Wntua flelnm euù tlnmads, sg`ldn tgtlp bg`laualn

pgbednlln iln gvlùlsd, Bgnpjrl kuml sgilnm bgrlnflnm

busgub elmd euù tlnmads Dnijngsdl. ‐Nln id alntjr dnd

laln lil pgrkl`lnln sgklrlc j`lc rlml iln tlpla tlnmln

plrl lt`gt euù tlnmads, sgelmld busgub ylnm laln

bgnmuadr sgklrlc iln bgbelnmadtaln sgblnmlt Dnijngsdl.

Elpla _rgsdign kuml suilc bgnmdnstruasdaln sgmgrl

idrgl`dslsdaln.‒

Elnyla ardaln tgrclilp pgbgrdntlc ltls lt`dt-lt`dt ylnm

sgblsl klylnyl bgbd`dad sgmuilnm prgstlsd, tgtlpd sgtg`lc

ila prjiuah `lmd id iundl j`lcrlml bl`lc idnmmlàln

iln ila idpgrclaln cdiupnyl.

Bdrds ed`l bgnylasdaln G``yls _dfl`, pgnku ag`ls iundl ylnm

pgrnlc bgnmclrubaln nlbl elnmsl Dnijngsdl tlpd untua

blaln sgclrd-clrd pun agsu`dtln. G``yls _dfl` bl`lc clnyl

klid pgtumls aglblnln id sgeulc aùe bl`lb iln tgrsgrgt

alsus. Nlbun sgalrlnm idl suilc bgnklid sl`lc sltu stlh

libdndstrlsd id alntjr AJND.

‒Vlyl plsaln, ylnm sgpgr dtu bgnklid pgrclln albd. Dtu

kuml tlnmmunm klwle pgbgrdntlc,‒ uklr Ujy Vuryj.

Vl`lc sltu `lnmalc ylnm id`laualn Ujy Vuryj lil`lc ignmln

bgbeult pgniltlln iln a`lsdalsd lt`dt-lt`dt ylnm sg`lbl

dnd pgrnlc bgnmuadr prgstlsd. Agbuidln, bgrgal sltupgr sltu laln idiltlnmd, iln idegrdaln pgrclln sgelmld

sgjrlnm blntln lt`dt lmlr ilplt cdiup `lyla. ‒Kub`lcnyl

slnmlt elnyla dtu. _g`ln-pg`ln id`laualn. Iln lil prdjrdtls

elmd ylnm egùb pgrnlc bgnilplt pgrclln sg`lbl dnd.‒

Ag igpln, plrl lt`gt ila ej`gc bgùplaln pgnididaln.

Vgal`dpun sdeua egr`lc iln egrtlnidnm, lspga pgnididaln

ila ej`gc idnmmlàln. Vgele, blsl igpln lt`gt ila

bgùù clnyl egrpltjaln plil pgrtlnidnmln j`lcrlml ylnm

iddaunyl alrgnl tgreua elnyla ylnm ila ilplt cdiup

egragfuaupln.

Ujy Vuryj bgrlnflnm pgnididaln ylnm edsl idlasgs j`gclt`dt-lt`dt, tgrutlbl lt`dt buil ylnm kuml blsdc sgaj`lc, lmlr

tgtlp edsl egr`lc iln ila bgndnmmlàln pgnididalnnyl.

‒Ydila edsl idbunmadrd, id ngmlrl adtl dnd sg`gbelr

dklzlc slrklnl, bdsl`nyl, blsdc slnmlt pgnnm untua

bgnilpltaln agcdiupln iln pgagrklln ylnm `lyla

nlnnyl. Alrgnl dtu, lt`gt kuml clrus bgnyg`gsldaln

stuidnyl. Ydila edsl clnyl cjbg sfcjj`dnm, dtu ila laln

`lau. Clrus eg`lklr iln bgnilpltaln dklzlc,‒ altl Ujy.

Ag`gblcln ylnm tgrklid sg`lbl dnd, elnyla lt`gt ylnm ila

bgnlbltaln sgaj`lc, alrgnl idigrl agsdeualn egr`lc

iln kuml urusln pgrsjnl` `ldnnyl. Cl` dtu`lc ylnm bgbeult

elnyla lt`gt ila edsl idijrjnm untua bgnklid pgmlwld id

dnstlnsd pgbgrdntlcln, idalrgnlaln ila bgbd`dad stlnilr

pgnididaln ylnm bgblild untua egagrkl id dnstlnsd agal

bgrgal tg`lc purnl sgelmld lt`gt.

Wntua bgnmltlsd cl` dtu, Ujy Vuryj bgbelnmun agrkl slbl

ignmln Wndvgrsdtls Ygreual (WY) lmlr idegrdaln pgnididaln

ylnm bgblild elmd plrl lt`gt sgsuld ignmln kurusln ylnm

lil. Ignmln lilnyl prjsgs eg`lklr bgnmlklr ylnm edsl

idlasgs lt`gt blal pgnididalnnyl ila laln tgrnmml`.

‒Albd suilc egrtgbu ignmln Ugatjr WY iln bgbeult

BJW. Iln adtl tgrus gvlùlsd iln rgl`dslsdaln untua

pgnididaln lt`gt-lt`gt adtl.‒

Vg`ldn dtu, agrkl slbl ignmln egrelmld dnstlnsd

pgbgrdntlcln, tgrblsua Agbgntgrdln Il`lb Ngmgrd, kuml

EWBN-EWBN ylnm lil, untua nlnnyl bgbegrdaln lasgs

iln pgùlnm bgnmleid id blsdnm-blsdnm dnstlnsd dtu, elmd

plrl lt`gt ylnm laln egagrkl.

‒Klid, lt`gt dtu tgtlp egr`lc iln clrus sgaj`lc,‒ altl Ujy

Vuryj.



=5 DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

EDUJAULVD

Vjùsd `ldnnyl ylnm iduplylaln

Bgnpjrl elmd plrl lt`gt lmlr ila

agnmml`ln il`lb pgnididalnnyl

lil`lc ignmln bgblnhlltaln

tganj`jmd mlimgt. Idigsldn

sgigbdadln rupl lmlr ignmln l`lt

dtu id tgbplt lcln pun lt`gt edsl

eg`lklr iln bgnmdau ukdln.

‒Mlimgt dtu id-jtjrdzgi sgnidrd

untua eg`lklr iln ukdln. Iln dtu

sgelmld flrl eg`lklr, iln slbl

ignmln eg`lklr id ag`ls. Clnyl

slkl, bgblnm clrus idplsaln,

elcwl sd lt`dt sgnidrd`lc ylnm

clrus eg`lklr, klnmln slbpld

ukdlnnyl nln iddsd j`gc jrlnm ldn

ilrd mlimgt dtu,‒ kg`lsnyl.

_j`l pgnlnmlnln sgflrl aurlh

bgnklid pgnnm elmd lt`gt-lt`gtylnm tg`lc bg`lbplud blsl mjìgn lmg-nyl. Ignmln

pgnididaln ylnm bgblild, tgntu laln edsl `gedc builc

idijrjnm untua egagrkl prjhgsdjnl` `ldnnyl.

‒Vg`lbl dnd elnyla lt`gt adtl ylnm ila bgbd`dad stlnilr

pgnididaln bgblild, ila bgbd`dad dklzlc. Al`lupun

idplaslaln blsua dnstlnsd tgrtgntu, bdsl`nyl, dtu ila laln

bgbelntu idl sgele id slnl idl edsl bl`lc laln tgrlndlyl

alrgnl ila bgbd`dad stlnilr agd`buln tlid. Blalnyl,

sgaj`lc dtu pgrù, tgtlp clrus sgaj`lc kuml,‒ altlnyl.

Ujy Vuryj bgrlslaln, lpl ylnm id`laualnnyl il`lb sltu

tlcun dnd sgelmld Bgnpjrl egùb sgsuld ignmln clrlpln.Vgal`dpun adnd tgr`dclt elnyla pgreldaln iln prgstlsd id

il`lb agpgbuilln iln agj`lcrmlln, idl tgtlp bgnmlau

egùb bg`laslnlaln sgflrl jpbl`.

‐Blsdc slnmlt kluc`lc. Blsdc kluc plnmmlnm ilrd lpd. Kdal

lpl ylnm tg`lc id`laualn dtu idlnmmlp sgelmld prgstlsd,

yl tgrdbl alsdc. Tlnm pls, slyl laln tgrus egagrkl iln

egagrkl,‒ uklrnyl.

Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty Mlbgs (DVM)

Vl`lc sltu prjmrlb j`lcrlml egrtlrlh dntgrnlsdjnl` ylnmid`laslnlaln Bgnpjrl id Dnijngsdl lil`lc Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty

Mlbg (DVM) id _l`gbelnm, Vubltgrl Vg`ltln, 55 Vgptgbegr

cdnmml < Jatjegr 5?<6.

Ujy Vuryj bgnkg`lsaln, lil cl`-cl` ylnm bgnlrda ylnm

bgnmurls tgnlml iln pdadrlnnyl sgelmld Bgnpjrl il`lb

pg`laslnlln agmdltln j`lc rlml ylnm idbjtjrd Ngmlrl-

ngmlrl Jrmlndslsd Agrkl Vlbl Ds`lb (iuù Jrmlndslsd

Ajnhgrgnsd Ds`lb/Ds`lbdf Fjnhgrgnfg Jrmlndzljn) ltlu

ylnm idagnl` sgelmld ngmlrl-ngmlrl JAD dtu.

Lklnm j`lcrlml gbplt tlcunln dnd elru iul al`d tgr`laslnl.

Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty Mlbg lil`lc lklnm j`lcrlml bu`nlsdjnl`

ylnm bg`deltaln plrl lt`gt ilrd ngmlrl-ngmlrl

lnmmjtl Jrmlndslsd Agrkl Vlbl Ds`lb. DVM egrlil id elwlc

pgnmlwlsln Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty Vpjrt Hgigrljn (DVVH).

Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty Mlbgs pgrtlbl idlilaln plil 5??7 id

Lrle Vluid ylnm iddau j`gc 7= lnmmjtl Jrmlndslsd Agrkl

Vlbl Ds`lb. ]lrml njnbus`db id ngmlrl-ngmlrl lnmmjtl

kuml iddzdnaln bgnmlbed` elmdln il`lb lklnm dnd.

_lil lwl`nyl, lklnm ylnm agiul idkliwlàln egr`lnmsunm

plil Jatjegr 5??4 id Drln, agbuidln lklnm tgrsgeut

idkliwlàln agbel`d plil Lprd` 5?<?, iln lacdrnylideltlàln sgtg`lc tgrklid pgrsg`dsdcln lntlrl Drln iln

iundl Lrle tgraldt pgnmmunlln ds`lc Ygùa _grsdl plil

`jmj lklnm Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty Mlbgs ylnm agiul, sgelmld

nlbl ylnm pl`dnm ubub id iundl Lrle elmd ilgrlc

Ygùa Lrle. _grsg`dsdcln nlbl dnd tg`lc bgnklid subegr

agilaclrbjndsln lntlrl ngmlrl-ngmlrl Lrle iln Drln.

Il`lb sdtulsd dtu, Dnijngsdl bgnlwlraln idrd sgelmld

tuln rublc pg`laslnlln DVM ylnm agiul. _lil sllt dtu,

Bgnpjrl blsdc idklelt j`gc Lnid Bl``lrlnmgnm. Ylwlrln

dtu idsgtukud ngmlrl-ngmlrl JAD.

Vgegùbnyl, pgnyg`gnmmlrlln DVM dnd idsgplal lalnid`lnmsunmaln id _galnelru, _rjvdnsd Udlu. DVM tg`lc

bgnygrlcaln egnigrl gvgn agplil pgbgrdntlc Dnijngsdl

bg`lùd Muegrnur Udlu Uus`d [ldnl` id Kgiilc, Lrle

Vluid. Egnigrl dtu idsgrlcaln putrl blcajtl Lrle Vluid,

_lnmgrln Nlwlh Hldsl` Hlci Leiu` Lzdz, ylnm kuml bgnklelt

prgsdign Ds`lbdf Vj`dilrdty Vpjrt Hgigrljn (DVVH) ylnm

egrblrals id \ugs Cjusg Adnm, Lrle Vluid.

_gnygrlcln egnigrl DVM bgruplaln agrcjrbltln elmd

pgbgrdntlc Dnijngsdl ylnm idpgrflyl sgelmld tuln rublc,




_UJHGVJU

Ajbpj`nls edsl–ml`la— kdal iduelc

ilslr cuaubnyl

_rjh. Lirdlnus G`dlstl Bg`dl`l, _cIAjbdsdjngr Ajbpj`nls

Il`lb bgnkl`lnaln tumlsnyl sgelmld sgjrlnm Ajbdsdjngr

Ajbpj`nls, _rjh Lirdlnus Bg`dl`l _cI ylnm kuml laligbdsd

dnd `gedc elnyla bgnmurusd agmdltln egrpdadr, lntlrl `ldn,

ignmln bgbeult lnl`dsl1 bgrlnflnm iln bgbeult irlht UWW

Ajbpj`nls1 iln bgrlnflnm rghjrblsd edrjarlsd _j`rd.




==DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

Ygraldt pgbeultln irl UWW

Ajbpj`nls, bdsl`nyl, pdcla

Ajbpj`nls bgnmunilnm plrl

pgng`d untua egrslbl-slbl

bgnmmjija UWW dtu. Iln cdnmml adnd

Ajbpj`nls hjaus untua bgnyg`gsldalnUWW tgrsgeut lmlr edsl blsua il`lb

pgbelclsln id I_U plil lwl` tlcun

dnd.

‐Vlyl egrclrlp lmlr UWW Ajbpj`nls

dnd sg`gsld sgegùb egrmlnnyl I_U

ylnm elru,‒ altl _rjh Lirdlnus Bg`dl`l

agplil Blkl`lc Dntgmrdtls id rulnm

alntjr Ajbpj`nls, Klalrtl.

Vgbgntlrl dnd il`lb bg`laslnlaln

tumlsnyl, uklr Lirdlnus, Ajbpj`nls

blsdc bgnmmunlaln pgrlturln,idlntlrlnyl, WW Nj.5 tlcun 5??5

tgntlnm agpj`dsdln iln _grprgs <=

tlcun 5?<< tgntlnm Ajbpj`nls.

Ajbpj`nls lil`lc `gbelml agpj`dsdln

nlsdjnl` ylnm egragiuiualn id elwlc

iln egrtlnmmunm klwle agplil

_rgsdign. Lilpun tumls Ajbpj`nls,

idlntlrlnyl, bgbelntu prgsdign

il`lb bgngtlpaln lrlc agedklaln

Agpj`dsdln Ngmlrl Ugpue`da Dnijngsdl

iln bgbegrdaln pgrbelnmln agplil

prgsdign il`lb pgnmlnmaltln iln

pgbegrcgnln Alpj`rd.

Il`lb rlnmal bg`laualn tumlsnyl,Ajbpj`nls bgbd`dad agwgnlnmln

untua bgnmubpuàln iln bgnmlnl`dsds

iltl sgelmld elcln pgbegrdln slrln

agplil _rgsdign ylnm egraldtln ignmln

lnmmlrln _j`rd, pgnmgbelnmln subegr

ilyl blnusdl _j`rd , iln pgnmgbelnmln

slrlnl iln prlslrlnl _j`rd.

‐Egragnlln tumls tgrsgeut, albd

bgnmardsd pgnmmunlln iln

pgruntuaaln lnmmlrln _j`rd1

bgnmlnl`dsl subegr ilyl blnusdl

_j`rd ylnm adnd egrkub`lc sgadtlr 9??rdeu pgrsjnd` lplalc pgbednlln iln

pgngbpltln adngrkl suilc sgelmldblnl

bgsnyl1 iln bgnmlnl`dsl blsl`lc

slrlnl iln prlslrlnl mgiunm, pgrl`ltln

iln tganj`jmd agpj`dsdln ylnm ideg`d

lplalc idpg`dclrl iln idblnhlltaln

ignmln sgegnlrnyl,‒ kg`ls Muru Egslr

Ardbdnj`jmd HDVD_ WD dnd.

‐Vgele adtl ila dnmdn dnvgntlrds

ngmlrl kustru di`g iln elcaln cd`lnm.

_un, klnmln pu`l clrml pgrl`ltlnnyl

ideg`d ignmln clrml tgr`lù blcl` ltlu

bgnyl`lcd Agprgs Nj. 3? tgntlnm flrl

`g`lnm.‒

Vg`ldn dtu, Ajbpj`nls kuml bgbegrdaln

slrln iln pgrbelnmln `ldn agplil

prgsdign il`lb uplyl bgwukuialn

_j`rd ylnm prjhgsdjnl` iln blnidrd. Iln

tgrlacdr lil`lc bgngrdbl slrln iln

agùcln blsylrlalt bgnmgnld adngrkl

agpj`dsdln iln bgnylbpldaln agplil

_rgsdign.

_gnmliuln blsylrlalt tgrsgeut tgraldt

ignmln pgnyl`lcmunlln wgwgnlnm

iumlln ajrupsd pg`lylnln ylnm

eurua, pgr`lauln idsardbdnlsd, ilnpgnmmunlln idsargsd ylnm ag`dru.

‐Dtu`lc tupjasd egraldtln lnl`dsds albd

ylnm bgnklid blsuaaln rgajbgnilsd

iln slrln agplil prgsdign, alpj`rd iln

stlh alpj`rd `ldnnyl.‒

Egegrlpl alsus pgrnlc egrsdnmmunmln

ignmln pj`dsd sgpgr alsus ajrupsd

rgagndnm mgniut ylnm bg`deltaln




_UJHGVJU

pgnmmd agpj`dsdln. Elmldblnlalc

Ajbpj`nls bgblnilnm pgrsjl`ln

dtu: Lirdlnus bgnklwle elcwllil

agbunmadnln Ajbpj`nls bgnmurusd

alsus dtu lpled`l lil ylnm

bgnmliualnnyl ag Ajbpj`nls.

Bdsl`nyl, pj`dsd @lejrl Vdtjrus ylnm

idiuml bgbd`dad rgagndnm mgniut ylnm

sgbplt blnmliu ag Ajbpj`nls.

‐Il`lb alsus @lejrl, Ajbpj`nls

bgnigsla Alpjìl _lpul untua sgmgrl

bgnlnmlnd, bgnmurusiln bgbjndtjr

alsus tgrsgeut.Yltal`l bgnmurus alsus

sgblflb dnd eualn egrlr Ajbpj`nls

bgnmlbed` l`dc alsus ilrd _j`rd nlbun

albd sgeltls bgbdntl agplil _j`rd

untua bgbegrdaln ltgnsd untua

bgnlnmlnd pgrsjl`ln tgrsgeut.Iln

sglp iul bdnmmu albd bgbjndtjr

untua bgnmdau pgragbelnmlnnyl,‒

tgrlnm idl.

Idùlr alsus ylnm idliualn, tlbelc idl,

tgntu slkl lil alsus `ldn ylnm sdhltnyl

ajntrjvgrsdl` bgnylnmaut agpgnnmln

pue`da ylnm sgmgrl idtlnmlnd tlnpl

bgnunmmu liuln ilrd blsylrlalt.

@lmd-`lmd il`lb bgnlnmlnd alsus dtu,

Ajbpj`nls clnyl sgagilr bgbdntl

a`lrdalsd.

Ygraldt alsus agfg`lalln elru-elru dnd

ylnm bg`deltaln Iu` (lnla ilrd lrsajnilnm Lclbi Iclnd), Lirdlnus

bgnmutlrlaln Ajbpj`nls, sgelmld

pgnmlwls _j`rd, bgnmcdbelu agplil

_j`rd lmlr egrcl-cl bgnlnmlnd

alsus tgrsgeut alrgnl pue`da egrcla

bgnilpltaln rgspjn ylnm slbl il`lb

alsus agfg`lalln sgpgr dnd.

‐Klnmln alrgnl ylnm idliualn lil`lc

jrlnm alyl ltlu jrlnm egrplnmalt blal

rgspjn pj`dsd egregil. _j`dsd clrus

bgnunkuaaln launtled`dtlsnyl lmlr

agsln elcwl pj`dsd egrpdcla agplil

jrlnm alyl dtu laln cd`lnm. Alrgnl dtu

lturln bgs idtgmlaaln lmlr ila

bunfu` syla wlslnmal,‒ tgmls idl.

Bgnurut Lirdlnus, il`lb ajntgas

agfg`lalln dtu, Iu` lil`lc pg`lau

eualn ajreln. Bgsadpun lilnyl

WW _gr`dniunmln Lnla ylnm ilplt

bgrdnmlnaln Iu`, nlbun eualn

egrlr Iu` ila bgnklid pg`lau

agfg`lalln. ‐Idl tgtlp pg`lau nlbun

lil pgbllhnyl. Ignmln pgbllh dtu`lc

idl idcdnilraln ilrd prjsgs cuaub,‒

egegr idl.

@lù elmldblnlalc ignmln jrlnmtul Iu` (Lcbli Iclnd) kdal tgreua

`l`ld bgbedlraln lnla idelwlc

ubur bgnmgnilrld bjed`: Lirdlnus

bgnklwle pj`dsd clrus bg`laualn

`tgrdslsd tgrclilp blsl`lc dnd.Edsl slkl

idplald unilnm-unilnm untua bgnkgrlt

ag`l`ldln ylnm id`laualn j`gc jrlnm

tulnyl untua agbuidln idsg`gsldaln id

pgnmlid`ln.

Vgbgntlrl dtu, bgnmjbgntlrd bl-

rlanyl alsus pgngbelaln tgrclilp

pj`dsd eg`lalnmln dnd, Lirdlnusbgnmgbualaln lilnyl pdcla ylnm

bgnylslr agplil pj`dsd alrgnl

idlnmmlp sgelmld pgnmcl`lnm agmdltln

bgrgal. Vgeut slkl il`lb cl` dnd

ag`jbpja rlidal` (tgrjrds) ylnm sgflrl

cuaub bgblnm idagklr j`gc _j`rd.

‐Flrl bgrgal (ag`jbpja rlidal`)

bgbel`ls ignmln bgnygrlnm lnmmjtl

_j`rd egrblasui bgbegrd pgsln

elcwl bgrgal blsdc lil ltlu cl-cl

ignmln bgrgal,‒ tlnils idl.

Egegrlpl al`lnmln bgnylnmsdaln

adngrkl Ajbpj`nls edsl blasdbl` kdal bg`dclt kub`lc ajbdsdjngr ylnm

egrtumls clnyl ig`lpln jrlnm.

Bgnmgnld cl` dtu, Lirdlnus egrpgnilplt

kub`lc tgrsgeut suilc idlnmmlp digl`

lpled`l ml ajbdsdjngr ylnm egrlsl`

ilrd pgbgrdntlc kuml turut egagrkl.

_un, `lnkut idl, Ajbpj`nls

sgsunmmucnylila pgrù tgr`lù egslr

alrgnl tumlsnyl clnyl bgnmlwlsd

sgflrl blarj. Iln elnylanyl agùcln

pue`da ylnm idliualn ag Ajbpj`nls,

bgnurut idl, klnmln slbpld pu`lbgnutupd tumls Ajbpj`nls ylnm sgflrl

blarj tlid.

Blalnyl, Ajbpj`nls il`lb bgnlnmlnd

alsus ila tgr`lù egrlt. Bgalndsbgnyl

pun builc yland blnlal`l bgngrdbl

liuln, Ajbpj`nls laln bgbpg`lklrd

alsus iln kdal idlnmmlp `lyla idtlnmlnd

blal agbuidln bgnijrjnm _j`rd untua

bgnmusutnyl.

‐Kdal pj`dsd ila blu bgnlnmlnd alsus

tgrsgeut blal albd laln `lpjr agplilprgsdign ltlu alpj`rd. Klid, egeln

tgregslr eualn plil albd,‒ altl idl.

Lirdlnus yladn Ajbpj`nls laln

edsl egragbelnm ignmln bjil`dtls

ylnm lil plil sllt dnd. Nlbun ed`l

blsylrlalt dnmdn bg`dclt Ajbpj`nls

`gedc –ml`la— iln sdhltnyl jpgrlsdjnl`

sgpgr A_A, blal ilslr cuaubnyl

clrus iduelc.

‐Al`lu Ajbpj`nls suilc sgpgr A_A,

blal albd ila `lmd sgagilr egrpdadr

nlbun `gedc jpgrlsdjnl` il`lb

bgnyg`gsldaln alsus. Al`lu dtu edsl

tgrklid blal agbuidln Ajbpj`nls

bunmadn laln idlnmmlp sgelmld

–Blegs— (_j`rd) agiul,‒ tgmls idl.

XDFYJU



=4DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

Ygplt plil tlnmml` 7 Jatjegr, YND ylnm bgruplaln

mlril tgrigpln il`lb bgnklml agilu`ltln

wd`lylc Ngmlrl Agsltuln Ugpue`da Dnijngsdl

(NAUD), bgrlylaln u`lnm tlcun ylnm ag-83. _grlylln ylnm

idpusltaln id Cl`db _grilnlausubl, idilcuùd ignmlnuplflrl ylnm idpdbpdn lnmsunm j`gc _rgsdign Vusd`j

Elbelnm Tuicjyjnj sgelmld dnspgatur uplflrl iln Erdmkgn

YND Blrdndr Vdswjyj sgelmld ajblniln uplflrl.

Wplflrl ylnm idbu`ld puau` ?3.?? ]DE, turut idclidrd

kuml ]lad` _rgsdign Ejgidjnj egsgrtl dstrd, Agpl`l Vtlh

YND Lnmaltln Ilrlt (AVLI) Kgnigrl` YND Euidbln, AVLW

Blrsgal` YND Dil Elmus _utu Iundl, AVL@ @laslblnl YND

Blrsgj, Alpj`rd Kgnigrl` Ydbur _rlijpj, plrl bgntgrd

Aledngt Dnijngsdl Egrsltu kd`di DD iln plrl purnlwdrlwln

YND. Wplflrl iddau j`gc 7.3<? unilnmln, idlntlrlnyl ilrd

_grwdrl Bgngnmlc YND, _grwdrl _grtlbl YND, IrubelniYlrunl YND, sltu eltl`yjn plsualn pgrilbldln _EE iln

`ldnnyl.

Il`lb wlwlnflrl gasùsdh Blkl`lc Dntgmrdtls ignmln

_lnm`dbl YND Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj id rulnm Vubl < (sltu)

@lnui Cl`db _grilnlausubl, Klalrtrl (9/<?), Kgnigrl`

Bjgìjaj bgnmltlaln elcwl CWY YND ylnm ag-83 al`d dnd

bgnmlbed` tgbl —_rjhgsdjnl`, Bd`dtln Vj`di iln Egrslbl

Ulaylt YND Ault—.

‐_rlkurdt clrus prjhgssdjnl` iln bd`dtln il`lb sgml`l

cl`. Kuml, prlkurdt bgs sj`di, il`lb lr, clnyl ignmln

agaultln egrslbl YND laln bgnklid agaultln ilcsylt. YND

ila laln egrblanl kdal ila egrslbl,‒ altl idl,‒ Ignmln

ijatrdn dnd, pgrtlclnln albd laln ault.‒

Il`lb CWY YND ag-83 al`d dnd, YND bgnyumucaln blsylrlalt

ignmln plbgrln lùtsdstl ilrd ml bltrl (LI, L@, LW) iln

egrelmld ltrlasd sgrtl igbjnstrlsd ylnm bgnlrda.

_lbgrln lùtsdstl dtu ilrd YND LW, bdsl`nyl, bgnlbpdàln

sgplslnm kgt tgbpur Vuacjd, iul pgslwlt trlnspjrt F-<6?

Cgrfu`gs, iul pgslwlt Ejgdnm =6= iln iul trdp`g mun

YND-LW. Vgbgntlrl YND Lnmaltln Ilrlt bgblklnm gbplt

cg`dajptgr (5 Eg`` 9<5 iln 5 Bd 67), gnlb agnilrlln `lpds

elkl lnmaut plsualn Lnjl, gnlb plnsgr X-<7? iln <5

pufua bgrdlb 7= lr`grd pgrtlclnln uilrl. Iln YND L@

bgnlbpdàln gnlb Ylna _Y-=8, gnlb Ylna Lnmaut _lsualn

EYU 7? iln sgplslnm Cjwdtzgr <55 bd`dbgtgr.Igbjnstrlsd ylnm id`laualn egrupl H`y _lss 5 pgslwlt

Fgssnl YND LW, igbj ilrlt (agtrlbpd`ln prlkurdt), sgnlb

el`ja, sdbu`lsd cl`lnm rdntlnm, sgnlb @FU/pgrlcu alrgt

ylnm idiuaunm 8?? pgrsjng`, aj`jng sgnlpln idiuaunm

4?? jrlnm, igbj pgrtgbpurln klrla igalt idiuaunm <3

jrlnm, pgngrkunln hrgg hl`` <?? jrlnm idiuaunm 5 pgslwlt

Cgrfu`gs F-<6?, lgrjela KLY 8 pgslwlt AY<-E, y plss 9

pgslwlt Flssl FN-5<5 YND L@, iln 3 cg`dajptgr YND LI.

(Dln/ies)

CWY AG-83 YND‒_rjhGsDjNl`, BD`DYlN, sj`Di

ilN EGrslBl rlAylY YND AWlY.‒

=4DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6



3? DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<63? DNYGMUDYLV - Jatjegr 5?<6

_GrDNMlYlN CWY YND AG-83, 7 jAYjEGr 5?<6

Vubegr ; _uspgn BLEGV YND




AJNVW@YLVD

ELND LUEDYULYDJN FGNYGU

ELNIWNM JHHDFG

Mgiunm ]lclnl Ela _js (M]E_), `lntld 7, E`ja L

K`. Elnil Nj.6?, Elniunm 9?<<7, Dnijngsdl

G-bld` ; elndelniunmOmbld`.fjb

Yg`gpjn ; +85 (?) 55 95< 689= Hlx ; +85 (?) 55 958 <789Ir. C. Klhlr Vdida, V.C., B.C., B.An., DLre`.

Vl`lb Dntgmrdtls,

Deu U.L. ilrd Mlrut bgbd`dad pgrblsl`lcln, see ;

Deu U.L. bgbdnklb ulnm ag sgeulc elna id Mlrut ignmln

klbdnln rublc nmml` bd`danyl. Alrgnl bgnunmmla il`lb

pgbelylrln fdfd`ln pdnklblnnyl, tlnpl sgpgnmgtlculn Deu

U.L., blal klbdnln rublc nmml` tgrsgeut id`g`lnm j`gc

Elna iln tg`lc `lau tgrkul` ignmln ideg`d j`gc _dcla Agml

bg`lùd g`lnm tgrsgeut. Ygraldt pgrblsl`lcln ignmln pdcla

elna tgrsgeut, Deu U.L. bgbpgrtlnylaln lplalc pgrblsl`lc

tgrsgeut ilplt idsg`gsldaln bg`lùd ELND:

Klwleln;

_grblsl`lcln lntlrl igedtur ignmln argidtur elna ilplt

idsg`gsldaln bg`lùd ELND, ignmln agtgntuln elcwl lntlrl

igedtur ignmln argidtur elna tgrsgeut tgrilplt pgrklnkdln

lredtrlsg ltlu a`lusu`l lredtrlsg. Il`lb pgrblsl`lcln

lntlrl Deu U.L. ignmln elna tgrsgeut ila ilplt idsg`gsldaln

bg`lùd ELND, alrgnl ila tgrilplt pgrklnkdln lredtrlsg

ltlu a`lusu`l lredtrlsg il`lb pgrklnkdln argidt ylnm ideult

j`gc Deu U.L. ignmln elna. _grblsl`lcln Deu U.L. ignmln

elna elru ilplt idsg`gsldaln bg`lùd ELND, kdal lntlrl

Deu U.L. ignmln elna tg`lc ideult tgr`gedc ilcuù Vurlt

_grklnkdln ltlu Vurlt Agsgplaltln id lntlrl bgrgal laln

bgnyg`gsldaln sgnmagtl bgrgal plil ELND (`dclt Agtgntuln

_lsl` < lnmal 6 WW Nj.6? Ylcun <444 tgntlnm Lredtrlsg iln

L`tgrnlh _gnyg`gsldln Vgnmagtl kunftj _lsl` < Agtgntuln

iln _rjsgiur ELND).

Igbdadln idslbpldaln. Ygrdbl alsdc.

Vl`lb Dntgmrdtls,

_Y. FB@ id Elniunm bgbd`dad pgrblsl`lcln see ;

_Y.FB@ bgnilpltaln hlsd`dtls elna mlrlnsd ilrd sgeulc

elna id Elniunm, munl klbdnln pg`laslnlln pgagrklln,

idblnl _Y.FB@ tg`lc bgnygrlcaln ulnm sgtjrln klbdnln

agplil elna. _Y.FB@ tg`lc bg`laslnlaln pgagrklln, j`gc

alrgnl dtu _Y.FB@ bgnmlkualn pgrbjcjnln pgnfldrln

ulnm sgtjrln klbdnln tgrsgeut, nlbun pdcla elna bgnj`la

bg`laualn pgbelylrln ulnm sgtjrln klbdnln, alrgnl

_Y.FB@ ila ilplt bgnygrlcaln sl`lc sltu pgrsylrltln

untua ag`gnmalpln pgnfldrln ulnm sgtjrln klbdnln. Ydila

tgrilplt agsgplaltln il`lb pgnyg`gsldln pgrblsl`lcln

lntlrl _Y.FB@ ignmln elna tgrsgeut. Il`lb _grklnkdln

_gbeualln Elna Mlrlnsd lntlrl _Y.FB@ ignmln elna tg`lc

ideult iln idtlniltlnmlnd A`lusu`l Lredtrlsg, idblnl plrl

pdcla tg`lc sgplalt bgnygrlcaln pgnyg`gsldln sgnmagtl

bgrgal agplil ELND.

Ygraldt pgrblsl`lcln ignmln pdcla elna tgrsgeut, _Y.FB@

bgbpgrtlnylaln lplalc pgrblsl`lc tgrsgeut ilplt

idsg`gsldaln bg`lùd ELND:

Klwleln ;

Vgsuld ignmln _grklnkdln _gbeualln Elna Mlrlnsd lntlrl

_Y.FB@ ignmln elna, sgkla lwl` ylnm tg`lc bgbult A`lusu`lLredtrlsg ylnm egrdsd agsgplaltln id lntlrl bgrgal untua

bgnyg`gsldaln sgnmagtl bgrgal plil ELND, sgrtl sgsuld

ignmln Agtgntuln _lsl` < lnmal 6 WW Nj.6? Ylcun <444

tgntlnm Lredtrlsg iln L`tgrnlh _gnyg`gsldln Vgnmagtl

kunftj _lsl` < Agtgntuln iln _rjsgiur ELND. Blal sgnmagtl

lntlrl _Y.FB@ ignmln elna tgraldt ignmln pgrblsl`lcln

elna mlrlnsd tgrsgeut ilplt idsg`gsldaln bg`lùd ELND.

Igbdadln idslbpldaln. Ygrdbl alsdc.





AGKLAVLLN LMWNM UD


Il`lb rlnmal

bg`laslnlaln Vtrltgmd

Nlsdjnl` _gnfgmlcln

iln _gnfgmlcln

Ajrupsd, Agklaslln UDtg`lc bgnmgùlraln

Vurlt Gilrln Klasl

Lmunm UD Njbjr; VG/L/

KL/?4/5?<6 Ygntlnm

Vtrltgmd _gnfgmlcln Ajrupsd id Agklaslln UD. Klasl Lmunm

Elsrdgh Lrdgh bgngmlsaln, Agklaslln U.D tg`lc bgnyusun

ml strltgmd untua bg`laslnlaln _gnididaln Ln Ajrupsd.

Agml strltgmd tgrsgeut lil`lc pgnmultln Agslilrln

Ln Ajrupsd egrupl sdalp pgnj`laln pgmlwld Agklaslln

tgrclilp pgrd`lau cdiup ajruph, pgnfgmlcln ajrupsd

ylnm ghgah bg`lùd sdngrmd ajbprgcgnsdh pgnmg`j`llnagulnmln Ngmlrl iln pgreldaln pg`lylnln pue`da

id Agklaslln Ugpue`da Dnijngsdl untua bgwukuialn

pgnyg`gnmmlrlln pgbgrdntlcln ylnm elda iln egels AAN

(Mjji F`gln Mjvgrntbgnt ) sgrtl _gnmultln dntgmrdtls iln

alplsdtls - alplsdtls lplrltur Agklaslln il`lb pg`laslnlln

tumls pgngmlaln cuaub sgflrl tgmls jekgah il`lb

bgnmghgaln pgbegrlntlsln ajrupsd.

‐Vgelmld sl`lc sltu `gbelml pgbgrdntlc iln tgr`gedc

`lmd `gbelml pgngmla cuaub, Agklaslln bgnklid mlril

tgrigpln il`lb bg`laslnlaln pgnididaln euilyl

ln ajrupsd,‒ uklr Klasl Lmunm. Ydila clnyl il`lb

bg`laslnlaln tumls pjaja iln hunmsd sgelmld lplrlt

pgngmla cuaub tgtlpd kuml il`lb uplyl pgnfgmlcln

tgrklidnyl ajrupsd bg`lùd pgnlnlbln euilyl ln ajrupsd

id blsylrlaltWntua tlcun 5?<6 dnd, _gnididaln Euilyl ln

Ajrupsd id Agklaslln idprdjtlsaln plil elmdln _gnmlilln

id Edrj _gr`gnmalpln sg`lau undt agrkl ylnm bgbegrdaln

`lylnln pgnmlilln elrlnm iln Klsl. Wntua dtu egrelmld

prjmrlb tg`lc bu`ld id`laslnlaln lntlrl `ldn hjrub sclrdnm

lntlrl pdbpdnln iln pgmlwld id elmdln pgnmlilln elrlnm

iln klsl, sjsdl`dslsd pgsln-pgsln ln ajrupsd elda egrupl

pgnygelrln sagr plbp`gt, erjsur, blkl`lc dntgrnl` iln

wgesdtg Agklaslln.

‐ _uspgnaub bgniuaunm Edrj _gr`gnmalpln il`lb

bg`laslnlaln sjsdl`dslsd pgnididaln euilyl ln ajrupsd

dnd id undt - undt agrkl `ldn id Agklaslln bg`lùd

_uspgnaub, Agkl iln Agklrd sgegnlrnyl tg`lc sgkla `lbl

bg`laslnlaln pgnididaln euilyl ln ajrupsd. Bdsl`nyl

sgkla tlcun 5??3 bgbegrdaln pgnididaln ln ajrupsd id

VBL 6 Vgl Euid Klalrtl Vg`ltln, ylnm idwukuialn il`lb

egntua agmdltln JVDV `jbel agslilrln cuaub, sdbu`lsd,

sjsdl`dslsd ln ajrupsd iln alnn agkukurln, sgilnmaln

untua VBLN < euilyl ln ajrupsd tg`lc idblsuaaln

agil`lb aurdauùb bltl pg`lklrln bultln `jal`.

Elru-elru dnd _uspgnaub kuml bgbegrdaln pgnididaln

cuaub tgrblsua euilyl ln ajrupsd agplil +/- 6???

fl`jn muru ylnm laln idtumlsaln idilgrlc tgrpgnfd` id

sgùruc wd`lylc Dnijngsdl, sgpgr fjntjcnyl ; id _lpul

bg`dpu Bgberlbj, _unflaklyl, @lbdklyl, Nledrg iln

Lfgc bg`dpu Vdnmad`, _didg iln plil ububnyl wd`lylc

tgrùlr ilrd NAUD egagrklslbl ignmln Idrgatjrlt Kgnirl`

_gnididaln Ydnmmd Agbgnidaeui iln kuml Agklaslln il`lb

agmdltln ldn sgelmld nlrlsubegr plil jrdgntlsd sdswl

elru id egegrlpl sgaj`lc ignmln tgbl Ln Ajrupsd ‐ Wklr

Alpuspgnaub Vgl Wntunm Lrdbu`lid.

Egrslbl-slbl ignmln `gedc ilrd 75? sltuln agrkl id

Agklmunm iln Agkl, Agklrd iln Alfleklrd, Agklaslln jpbds

ilplt bgbelnmun euilyl Ln Ajrupsd id blsylrlalt

ignmln idbu`ld ilrd pgngrlpln euilyl ln ajrupsd id

`dnmaunmln Agklaslln.

Ajbdtbgn Agklaslln BgbelnmunEuilyl Lntd Ajrupsd




AG_J@DVDLN UD

Klalrtl - Ajr`lntls _j`rd

bgùnfuraln sdstgb dnhjrblsd

butlacdr egrnlbl DUVBV

(Dntgmrltgi Ujli Vlhgty

Blnlmgbgnt Vystgb). _rjmrlb

clsd` agrkl slbl ignmln ElnaIundl dnd untua bgnilpltaln

dnhjrblsd agklidln agfg`lalln

`lù dntls ylnm spgsda iln

laurlt ilrd sgùruc Dnijngsdl.

‒Dnd bgndnmaltaln latul`dslsd

pgnlnmlnln lù-`dntls lmlr gedc

laurlt, tgntu adtl clrus bgbd`dad

iltl ylnm elmus untua adtl j`lc

iln lnl`dsl untua pgnmlbed`ln

agputusln id dntgrnl` _j`rd id

sgùruc Dnijngsdl,‒ uklr Agpl`l

Ajrps @lù @dntls _j`rd, Drkgn _j`.Irs. _uikd Clrtlntj, BB., il`lb

pgùnfurln prjmrlb DUVBV id Ajr`lntls _j`rd, Kl`ln BY

Clryjnj Klalrtl, Uleu (5/<?/5?<6).

_rjmrlb ignmln elsds wge tgrsgeut sllt dnd suilc

idùnfuraln iln tg`lc idmunlaln id _jìl Bgtrj Klyl

sgrtl _jìl Klwl Ygnmlc sgelmld tgbplt pgrfjntjcln

(gì prjkgft). Id il`lb prjmrlb dnd, pgtumls ilplt

bgnmdignalsd pgnygele agfg`lalln, dignalsd

e`lfaspjt (`jalsd rlwln agfg`lalln) iln pgnyg`didaln alsus

`lù `dntls sgflrl bgnigtld` iln laurlt.

‒_rjmrlb dnd clrus id`laslnlaln iln clrd dnd adtl

bgùnfuraln suplyl lil sgblflb pgndnmaltln alrgnl id

ngmlrl blku cl` dnd suilc id`laslnlaln iln clsd`nyl ùlr

edlsl,‒ tuturnyl.

Ignmln prjmrlb dnd, bgnurut Alajr`lntls _j`rd, sg`ldn

bgbelntu pgtumls id `lplnmln, kuml bgbegrdaln

mlbelrln rdnfd bgnmgnld lnl`dsl nmalt agfg`lalln ylnm

ilplt idlasgs j`gc sdlpl slkl,

‒_rjmrlb dnd egraldtln iln tgrdntgmrlsd. Ylpd untua

pgblnmau agpgnnmln ylnm `ldn (_W, Agbgncue,

Elppgnls) untua sl`dnm bgnmdsd dnhjrblsd. Blsylrlalt

sgnidrd tgntunyl suilc wge elsg, dnd kuml nlnnyl edsl

idlasgs blsylrlalt,‒ altl Alajr`lntls _j`rd.

Nlnnyl, pgtumls `lplnmln laln id`gnmalpd pgrl`ltln

egrupl pgrlnmalt tle`gt ylnm tg`lc id`gnmalpd prjmrlb

DUVBV id il`lbnyl. Idslnl, pgtumls laln bgnmdnput

agsgùrucln iltl agfg`lalln ylnm clsd`nyl laln `lnmsunm

idadrdbaln ag libdn ylnm lil id Blegs _j`rd.

‒_rjmrlb dnd bgruplaln ylnm pl`dnm butlacdr id iundl.

_gtumls id `lplnmln nlnnyl laln id`gnmalpd tle`gt untua

bgnm-dn-jut iltl. Nln blsylrlalt kuml laln idegrdaln

lasgs ag sdtus ajr`lntls.dnhj. Klid `gedc plpgr`gss,‒

unmalpnyl.

Alajr`lntls _j`rd@lunfcdnm _rjmrlb DUVBV

_GNGMLA CWAWB





Gas Bgnagu _gnmmlmls

Dbbdmrltdjn jn Ejlri

_rjh Ir Kusuh Lnwlr

Agsunmmucln bgngrlpaln nd`ld-nd`ld pjsdtdh il`lb agcdiupln sgclrd-clrd

bgbeult elnmsl Kgplnm blku. Dnijngsdl kuml bgbd`dad elnyla nd`ld pjsdtdh

ylnm egrsubegr ilrd lmlbl, euilyl, iln aglrdhln `jal`. Nlbun, egregil

ignmln Kgplnm, Dnijngsdl aurlnm il`lb bgngrlpalnnyl.

VG_LA YGUKLNM





sltu sgnpun edlyl ylnm idagùlraln

adtl. Dnd ila sgalilr dnmdn plwld tlpd

alrgnl bgrgal fdntl agplil Dnijngsdl,‒

plplr Kusuh

Vgeulc tgrjejsln pgnnm pgrnlc

idagùlraln j`gc Kusuh Lnwlr untua

bgndnmaltaln agiltlnmln wdsltlwln

Kgplnm ag Dnijngsdl. Tldtu, `lylnln

dbbdmrljn jn ejlri . @lylnln dnd

idtukualn j`gc blsalpld pgngrelnmln

nlsdjnl` _Y Mlruil Dnijngsdl

elmd wdsltlwln lsl` Kgplnm ylnm

id`laslnlaln lntlrl `ldn plil klùr

pgngrelnmln Yjayj/Jslal -Ignplslr‖

Klalrtl. Il`lb `lylnln dnd plrl

wdsltlwln Kgplnm ilplt bgnmurusijaubgn agdbdmrlsdln egrupl

pgbegrdln vdsl agiltlnmln id il`lb

pgslwlt tgrelnm. _gbgrdaslln plspjr

iln vdsl agiltlnmln laln idprjsgs

plil sllt pgngrelnmln j`gc iul jrlnm

pgtumls dbdmrlsd acusus ylnm turut

tgrelnm egrslbl pgnubplnm.

Ignmln idùnfuralnnyl `lylnln

dbbdmrljn jn ejlri, pgnubplnm

pgslwlt ylnm egragwlrmlngmlrlln

lsdnm plil sllt agiltlnmlnnyl id

Dnijngsdl ila pgrù lmd lntrg id `jagt

dbdmrlsd, sgcdnmml pgrkl`lnln wdsltlag Dnijngsdl laln sgbladn nylbln.

@lylnln dbdmrlsd id il`lb pgslwlt dnd

elru bgruplaln sltu-sltunyl id iundl.

Dtu`lc sgelenyl Blsalpld Mlruil

bgbpgrj`gc pgnmclrmlln BWUD ilrd

Klyl Vuprlnl rgnflnlnyl `lylnln dnd

laln idagbelnmaln untua rutg-rutg

`ldn.

Vgpgnmml` Agcdiupln id Ngmgrd Jrlnm

_rdl ag`lcdrln Ylsdabl`lyl, Klwl Elrlt,

=5 tlcun ylnm `lù dnd bgruplaln

pgklelt alrdgr id Igplrtgbgn

Agulnmln. Il`lb rdwlylt alrdgrnyl,

blntln Vgakgn Igplrtgbgn Agulnmln

iln Agtul Elpgplb <433-5??? dnd

tgrpd`dc bgnklid Bgnagu plil Aledngt

Dnijngsdl Egrsltu D. Vgtlcun agbuidln,

tgpltnyl = Igsgbegr 5??7, aledngt id-

rgscug, Kusuh Lnwlr idmlnaln j`gc

Vrd Bu`ylnd Dnirlwl, ylnm sgegùbnyl

bgnklelt Bgntgrd Ngmlrl __N/Agpl`l

Elppgnls.

Kusuh bgnklelt Bgnagu ilrd 5< Jatjegr

5??9 cdnmml 8 Igsgbegr 5??7. Vg`lbl

bgnklid Bgnagu, tlntlnmln tgregslr

il`lb tumlsnyl sgelmld bgnagu

lil`lc bgnmltlsd igsdt il`lb L_EN.

Ylntlnmln dtu edsl idtlnmlnd ignmln

bgbpgrelnyla subegr-subegr

pgngrdblln ngmlrl. Idl bg`dclt

blsl`lc L_EN egrlt alrgnl igsdt

blsdc lil sgbgntlrl subegr-subegr

pgngrdblln `lnmal.

Bgnurut Kusuh, untua bgnmgklrpgrtubeucln gajnjbd lnmmlrln

pgbgrdntlc ila ej`gc egslr plsla

ilrdplil lnm iln bgnutup subegr-

subegr igsdt ngmlrl. Vl`lc sltu flrl

ylnm id`laualn pgbgrdntlc wlatu dtu,

yldtu bgnldaaln clrml bdnyla iul

al`d il`lb sgtlcun, sgegslr <6 pgrsgn.

Vllt dtu bgblnm lil agaclwlrln

ilbplanyl ylnm ùlr edlsl tgrclilp

gajnjbd. Iln bgblnm tgreua, sllt




VG_LA YGUKLNM

dtu dnlsd nlda slbpld <= pgrsgn,

tgtlpd kl`ln dtu clrus idlbed` ed`l dnmdn

bgnyg`lbltaln pgrgajnjbdln elnmsl.

Ylpd lacdrnyl aglilln agbel`d stled`.

‒Lkldenyl, sllt dtu blsylrlalt bgnmgr

sgcdnmml edsl egrkl`ln `lnflr.‒

Vgkla <44? idl suilc

bgnlnmlnd utlnm-pdutlnm swlstl. Kluc

sgegùb id`lna bgnklid Bgnagu, Kusuh

tg`lc egrmgùt ignmln utlnm pgbgrdntlc

id hjrub ed`ltgrl` blupun bu``ltgrl`

il`lb ajntla agmdltln pgnmg`j`lln

utlnm ùlr ngmgrd (iget blnlmgbgnt ).

Id lntlrlnyl ignmln bu`ld

bgbpgregslr kub`lc pgrtualrln utlnm

ignmln prjmrlb agmdltln (iget swlp),

pgnmgbel`dln utlnm ylnm egùb iln

ila idmunlaln pgbgrdntlc sg`lbl

dnd, iln bgnuntut pgnmgbel`dln

fjbbdtbgnt hgg ltls pdnklbln ylnm

egùb idplald.

‒Iuù, zlblnnyl FMD, slyl ag`d`dnm

iundl. Lil tgbln-tgbln nmlsdc

kuùaln, —Vd Lnwlr Vd`jel Cutlnm—,‒

uklrnyl, tgrtlwl.

Vgegùb bgnklid Bgnagu, idl bgnklelt

Idrgatur Gasgauh Elna _gbelnmunln

Lsdl id Hd`dpdnl sg`lbl gbplt tlcun,

bu`ld ilrd tlcun 5??? slbpld 5??9.

Kusuh bgwlad`d tukuc ngmlrl untua

lspga gajnjbd, id lntlrlnyl Vg`lnidl

Elru, Adrmdstln, Vlbjl, iln Dnijngsdl,

Yjnml, Hdkd iln Fjja Ds`lni.

Agcdiuplnnyl bgblnm elnyla

idcledsaln id ngmgrd jrlnm. Egrilslraln

pgnml`lblnnyl sg`lbl dnd, idl lacdrnyl

bgnilplt agsdbpu`ln elcwl id blnlpun egrlil, tgrnyltl cdiup ndablt lsl`

adtl sg`lù egrsyuaur.

‒Vlyl ndabl sglp iga agcdiupln

pgrkl`lnln alrdr. Idtlruc id Blnd`l

l`clbiu``d`lc, id Kgplnm l`clbiu``d`lc.

PYgrnyltl al`lu adtl ndabl, agndabltln

dtu ila lil putus-putusnyl,‒ uklrnyl.

Iln agsdbpu`ln agiul, d`bu bgruplaln

bjil` pgnnm il`lb agcdiupln.

Iln tgrnyltl d`bu kuml ylnm edsl

bgbelwlnyl slbpld ag pg`jsjaiundl.

‒Lacdrnyl, egrelclmdl`lc Hlau`tls

Cuaub Wnpli alrgnl slyl sltu-

sltunyl lùbndnyl ylnm edsl bgnklid

Bgntgrd Agulnmln,‒ uklrnyl, `lmd-`lmd

iddrdnmd tlwl.

Vgblsl blclsdswl, Kusuh bgblnm

tgragnl` sgelmld blclsdswl ignmln

sgmuilnm lavdtls. Bdsl`yl, idl daut

tgrkun plyunm iln j`lcrlml bgnyg`lb.

_lil lacdr wlwlnflrl, Kusuh egrpgslnagplil mgngrlsd buil lmlr egrfdtl-

fdtl sgnmmd bunmadn. Bgnkl`lnaln

agcdiupln sgdrdnm nd`ld-nd`ld pjsdh

elnmsl dnd. Egagrkl agrls, fdntl

`dnmaunmln, tgplt klnkd ilnsgelmldnyl.

Vjl` fdtl-fdtl tgrwukui ltlu ila,

edlraln Yucln ylnm bgngntualn.

Cgnirda




Agdautsgrtlln _rjh Lndgs Ulsydi Elswgiln, _cI il`lb ajnvgnsd

fl`jn prgsdign ylnm idlilaln j`gc _lrtld Igbjarlt eualn`lc

clsd` `jed, lpl`lmd bgnlwlraln idrd. Agtdal idunilnm sgelmld

pgsgrtl ajnvgnsd, lil iul pd`dcln elmd Ugatjr Wndvgrsdtls

_lrlblidnl dnd; blu daut egrtlnmmunm klwle ltlu tdila.

_rjh Lndgs Ulsydi Elswgiln, _cIUgatjr Wndvgrsdtls _lrlblidnl

Klnmln Elsl-elsd,Elnmun`lc Aul`dtls

Blnusdl


ALB_WV




Idl bgnlbelcaln, tgralilnmplrl pgwlrtl clnyl bgbegrdtlalnag`lauln eurua sgjrlnm prjhgsjr,sgpgrtd _rjh Uuid Uuedlnidnd. _lilcl`,blsdc elnyla prjhgsjr egrdntgmrdtlsylnm egagrkl id pgbgrdntlcln nlbun

tdila pgrnlc idegrdtlaln iln tdilaidlnmmlp gasds. ‒Dtu sgelenyl, slyljptdbds alrgnl blsdc elnyla jrlnmelda ylnm blbpu idlkla egrslbluntua bgnyg`gsldaln prje`gbltdalid rgpue`da dnd.‒

Blnusdl ylnm Ault

Lndgs bgnmunmalpaln mlmlslnegslr vdsd iln bdsdnyl elmd blsl

igpln Dnijngsdl. Altlnyl, Dnijngsdllil`lc bd`da sgbul. J`ga alrgnl dtu,idl bgnmlkla sgmgnlp rlaylt untuaegrslbl-slbl bgnyg`gsldaln blsl`lcid rgpue`da dnd. ‒Adtl dnmdn jrlnm `ldnbgnyg`gsldaln blsl`lc nlbun adtlsgnidrd tgralilnm tdila blu daut sgrtlbgnyg`gsldaln blsl`lc.‒

Lndgs dnmdn bgnmlkla sgùrucrlaylt blu egrtlnmmunm klwlebgnyg`gsldalnnyl egrelmld pgrsjl`ln

lmlr Dnijngsdl tlnmmuc ignmln hjausagplil bgnidida blnusdl ylnm ault.‐Hjaus agplil blnusdl ylnm aulteualn plil l`lb.‒

Blnusdl ylnm ault,`lnkutnyl, yldtu blnusdl ylnmsgclt, tgrfgrilsaln, punyl plplnylnm elda, iln blnidrd. Vgrdnmal`dagtdal egredflrl Dnijngsdl agigplnylnm idjbjnmd sjl` pgbelnmunlndnhrlstruatur ylnm sgegtu`nyl dtu

bgruplaln tukuln lntlrl iln eualnbl`lc hjaus agplil blnusdl.

‐Adtl `gedc tlcu sjl` egrlplelnyla bdnyla, tlbelnm, mls, ilncutln ylnm blu idgasp`jrlsd ilrdplil

sjl` aul`dtls blnusdlnyl. _lilcl`,al`lu dnmdn elnmsl ylnm ault blalpgrgajnjbdln elnmsl dnd bgstdidtjplnm VIB ylnm egrpgnididaln,egragtgrlbpd`ln iln egrdntgmrdtls,‒plplrnyl.

@gedc kluc idl bgbegegralntgntlnm aul`dtls blnusdl Dnijngsdlagadndln elcwl tgrilplt sgadtlr <=?rdeu uùsln VI, 64 rdeu uùsln VB_iln 58 rdeu uùsln VBL. _gr tlcun,

pg`lklr ylnm blsua VI sgadtlr 7,8 kutl kdwl nlbun ylnm ùùs VBL 5,6 kutl kdwl. Dnd egrlrtd lil sgadtlr 6,6 kutl pg`lklr ylnm cd`lnm. Vgbgntlrl,sgflrl pgrsgntlsg ùùsln VI 94,7pgrsgn iln ùùsln undvgrsdtls clnylig`lpln pgrsgn.

Bg`dclt iltl dtu, tlbpla kg`lstgrklidnyl pgnyusutln kub`lc uùslnylnm fuaup irlstds iln tdila lil jrlnmylnm pgiu`d untua bgbegnlcd cl`dtu. Wntua bgbegnlcdnyl, lpled`l

Idl bgnlbelcaln,

tgralilnm plrl pgwlrtl

clnyl bgbegrdtlaln

ag`lauln eurua sgjrlnm

prjhgsjr, sgpgrtd _rjhUuid Uuedlnidnd. _lilcl`,

blsdc elnyla prjhgsjr

egrdntgmrdtls ylnm

egagrkl id pgbgrdntlcln

nlbun tdila pgrnlc

idegrdtlaln iln tdila

idlnmmlp gasds.




ALB_WV

dnmdn ngmlrl dnd blabur blal klnmlnjrlnmnyl ylnm idegrd suesdid ulnm.Egrdaln agplil bgrgal pgnmltlculn,agtgrlbpd`ln iln dntgmlrdtls lmlr edslblnidrd.

‒Vgal`d `lmd slyl dnmdn bgnmlklaelnmsl dnd bg`dclt aul`dtls blnusdleualn bg`dclt tukuln lntlrl,‒

altlnyl. ‒Id sdtu`lc nlntdnyl slyldnmdn hjaus plil blnusdl ylnm ault,sgclt iln tgrfgrilsaln. Klid pgrlnngmlrl lil`lc bgbeult sgtdlp jrlnmegrilyl iln blnidrd id tgnmlc-tgnmlc ngmlrl ylnm alyl rlyl lalnl`lbnyl.‒

Bgnurutnyl, ladelt aurlnmnylaul`dtls blnusdl blal tla lngc

kdal cdnmml adnd Dnijngsdl blsdcbgnmgaspjr rlw bltgrdl` iln `jwvlùg liigi . Ulw bltgrdl` ylnm`lnmsunm idgaspjr dtu idtlbelcalnsgntucln cdmc vlùg liigi `lùagbel`d ag Dnijngsdl bgnklid elrlnmdbpjr ylnm clrmlnyl egrnd`ld tdnmmd.

Lndgs agbuidln bgnfjntjcaln

ngmlrl sgpgrtd Ajrgl Vg`ltln, Kgplnm,iln ldwln, ylnm tla punyl agalyllnl`lb tlpd pgrtubeucln ngmlrlnyledsl sgilcsylt sgalrlnm. Dtu tgrklidalrgnl sgbul ngmlrl dtu bgbdadralnaul`dtls blnusdlnyl. ‒Vlyl dnmdnrgpue`da dnd bgbd`dad aul`dtlsblnusdl lmlr ghganyl slnmlt plnklnmsgal`d elmd elnmsl iln ngmlrl ylnmadtl fdntld dnd.‒

Vg`ldn dtu, Lndgs egrpgnilplt,untua bgnklidaln dnd ngmlrl ylnmblku blal idpgrùaln elnylagntrgprgngur . Vgkla idnd kdwlgntrgprgngurscdp idlklraln. Liltdml kgnds gntrgprgngurscdp, yldtusjsdl`, pj`dfy , iln edsnds , ylnm bgstdidtubeucagbelnmaln.

‒Klnmln elsl-elsd kdal dnmdnbgbelnmun rgpue`da dnd, blrd adtlelnmun aul`dtls blnusdl Dnijngsdl,‒tlnilsnyl.

(XDFYJU/LNIUGLV)




Vubegr ; cubjr.sleil.jrm

_GKWLNM ELNMVL

L`j, sgjrlnm pgbuil ilrd pgil`lbln, dnmdn klidtgntlrl. Idl pun bgnilhtlraln idrd, elcalnbgnydlpaln ulnm pg`dfdn.

_lil tgs D, L`j bgnkul` slpd untua ulnm pg`dfdn. Ylpdsgtg`lc idtgs clsd`nyl L`j tdila ùùs. _lil tgs DD,L`j bgnkul` fdnmagc. @lmd-`lmd clsd`nyl L`j tdilaùùs. _lil tgs DDD, L`j bgnkul` ajejnm (`lilnmnyl).Agtdal bgnmdautd tgs, il`lb cltd L`j egraltl, ‒Al`ddnd sj bustd ùùs adtl. Vj tdml al`d il tgs. adtl sj tluidl pgùelnm-ùelnm.‒ Ylpd plil sllt pgnmububln,tgtlp slkl L`j tdila ùùs. L`j `lnmsunm bgnmclilpajblniln alrgnl agfgwl.

L`j; Ajblniln adlpl adtl sj 6 al`d tgs ajnm nil ùùstrus sj leds adtl pgclrtl ajblniln

Ajb; L`j, sgegnlrnyl albu dtu clbpdr ùùs. Ylpd, ...lil ylnm aurlnm.

L`j; Aurlnm id lpl adtl, Ajblniln:

Ajb; L`j, agsgcltlnbu elmus sgbul. Clnyl aurlnm idmdmd. Elnyla jbpjnmnyl.

Vlbed` blrlc-blrlc L`j ed`lnm ag ajblniln,‒AJBLNILN, YGNYLUL BJ _DMD ELAW _GULNM

LYLW BJ _DMD ELAW MDMD...!‒

BDNYL FWYD YDML CLUD

Vgjrlnm prlkurdt bgbdntl futd sg`lbl tdml clrd agplil

ajblnilnnyl.

Vlnm ajblniln egraltl, ‒Lpl albu md`l: Albu elru

slkl egrmleunm iln sgalrlnm albu suilc blu bdntl

tdml clrd futd: Albu clrus bg`laualn sgsultu ylnm ùlr

edlsl iuù al`lu blu ilplt kltlc futd!‒

Blal, prlkurdt tlid agbel`d ag plnmal`ln aggsjaln

clrdnyl ignmln sgeulc tlna bd`da busuc!

Vd ajblniln almub, dl egrtlnyl, ‒Elmldblnl albu

bg`laualnnyl:‒

‒Tlc, lau blsua ag il`lb tlna, `lù bgnuku pgreltlsln

busuc. Id slnl, lau bg`dclt tlna busuc. Lau

bgnmlnmalt egnigrl putdc, sd busuc pun bgnmlnmalt

egnigrl putdc. Lau ed`lnm plilnyl, —Lpl albu blu

ilplt kltlc futd sg`lbl tdml clrd:— @lù albd tuagrln

tlna!‒

_ULKWUDY EUTLN

Vgjrlnm Vgrsln pg`ltdc bgnmububaln agplil sltu

p`gtjn tgntlrl elru ylnm laln bgnmdautd pg`ltdcln,

‒Clrd dnd slyl bgbpunyld egrdtl elda iln egrdtl eurua.

_grtlbl, egrdtl elda. _rlkurdt Eryln laln bgnklid

pltjaln agfgpltln `lrd al`dln untua plmd dnd.‒

Bgnignmlr dtu plrl lnmmjtl p`gtjn tgrsgeut egrtgpua

tlnmln ignmln mgbedrl alrgnl prlkurdt Eryln

lil`lc sgjrlnm ylnm slnmlt mgbua iln tgragnl`

ag`lbelnlnnyl. Klid `lrdnyl plstd slnmlt slntld.

Ydel-tdel slnm Vgrsln bg`lnkutaln pgnmubublnnyl,

‒Egrdtl euruanyl lil`lc prlkurdt Eryln laln

bgnmgnilrld sgeulc trua.‒



BJCJN IDILHYLUALN VGELMLD _G@LNMMLN

BLKL@LC DNYYGMUDYLV, WNYWA ;

8 GIDVD U_. 6??.???,-

<5 GIDVD U_. 8??.???,-

EGUD YLNIL S _LIL AJYLA _D@DCLN TLNM YGUVGIDL

CWEWNMD/ADUDB HJUBW@DU DND AG ELMDLN VDUAW@

BLKL@LC DNYGMUDYLV ;

AJB_@GA UWAJ ULIGN DNYGN NJ.3L @Y.5

K`. Ulidn Dntgn DD, Iurgn Vlwdt Klalrtl Ydbur

Yg`p ; ?5<-388 <9<?6 Hlx ; ?5<- 388 ?56<8

C_. ?3=3 =78 =34 <7

W_. UGVYGYT / XGUL

Gbld` ; bgidl.dntgmrdtlsOmbld`.fjb

www.bgidldntgmrdtls.fjb

FLYLYLN ;

Bltgrd da`ln sdlp fgtla idsgidlaln j`gc pgblslnm da`ln. Lple

bltgrd da`ln ila tgrsgidl, pgbeultln bltgrd da`ln ilplt idagrkla

j`gc pgngredt ignmln idagnlaln edlyl tlbelcln igsldn.

Blkl`lc DNYGMUDYLV idfgtla tdlp eu`ln

sgelnyla <?.??? (sgpuùc rdeu) gasgbp`lr,

ididstrdeusdaln ag ;

<. @gbelml _gbgrdntlcln; _rgsdign, ]lad`

_rgsdign, Muegrnur, ]l`dajtl/Eupltd,

Agbgntgrdln iln @gbelml Ngmlrl Njn

_gbgrdntlc

5. I_U UD, I_I UD, E_A, E_A_, Blcalblc Ajntdtusd,

A_W/I, _lnwlsù

6. Dnstdtusd YND ;

_lnm`dbl YND, AVLI, AVL@, AVLW

9. Agpj`dsdln UD ; Alpj`rd & Alpjìl

7. Agklaslln UD ; Agklaslln Lmunm & Agklaslln

Ydnmmd

8. Blcalblc Lmunm (BL) & _gnmlid`ln Ydnmmd

=. Ajbdsd _gbegrlntlsln Ajrupsd (A_A), Ajbdsd

Tuidsdl` (AT), Ajbdsd Agpj`dsdln Nlsdjnl`,

Ajbdsd Agklaslln,

3. Lsjsdlsd Livjalt, _grelnls, ALIDN, L_DNIJ,

CD_BD, _CUD, Eursl Ghga

4. Agiutlln Egslr Ngmlrl Vlclelt<?. Yjaj Euau Mrlbgidl, Yjaj Euau Mununm Lmunm

H J U B W @ D U E G U @ L N M M L N L N

Klnmln Lnil `gwltaln egrdtl pj`dtda, cuaub & edsnds, ilpltaln

BLKL@LC DNGMUDLV ignmln flrl egr`lnmmlnln.

NLBL/DNVLNVD ; ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

GIDVD ; ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

L@LBL ; ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

G@_/HLS ; ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

YLUDH DA@LN

L. DA@LN EGU]LUNL / HW@@ FJ@JWU

< Cl`lbln Fjvgr Eg`lalnm @ulr 2 Up. 57.???.???

< Cl`lbln Fjvgr Eg`lalnm Il`lb 2 Up. <7.???.???

< Cl`lbln Fjvgr Igpln Il`lb 2 Up. 5?.???.???

< Cl`lbln Il`lb 2 Up. <?.???.???

² Cl`lbln Il`lb 2 Up. =.7??.???

° Cl`lbln Il`lb 2 Up. 7.???.???

E. DA@LN LIXGUYJUDL@

< Cl`lbln Il`lb 2 Up. <7.???.???

5 Cl`lbln Ygnmmlc 2 Up. 5?.???.???

6 Cl`lbln Ygnmmlc 2 Up. 57.???.???

² Cl`lbln Il`lb 2 Up. =.7??.???

( Egùb Ygrblsua @dputln, _gnu`dsln, Hjtj, Idsldn)




Euatdaln! YND Bgblnm Ngtrl`

YGNYLUL Nlsdjnl` Dnijngsdl, tlcun dnd, tgpltnyl 7 Jatjegr `lù, egrusdl

83 tlcun. Vlbl tulnyl ignmln ngmlrl adtl, Ngmlrl Agsltuln Ugpue`da Dnijngsdl.

‐_rjhgsdjnl`, Bd`dtln, Vj`di iln Egrslbl Ulaylt YND Ault‒, dtu`lc tgbl pgrdnmltln

CWY ag-83 YND.

Vgklrlc bgnfltlt, YND egrslbl-slbl rlaylt bgrgeut iln

bgbpgrtlclnaln agbgrigalln ilrd tlnmln pgnklklc. Egrslbl-slbl rlaylt pu`l

YND bgnubpls pgbegrjntlaln-pgbegrjtlaln ylnm dnmdn bgnmmjylnm NAUD.

Ylcun 5?<6 lil`lc blsl trlnsdsd. Ylcun igpln, 5?<9, laln tgrklid gstlhgt

agpgbdbpdnln nlsdjnl`. Vgpgr cl`nyl plil blsl `lù, YND bgbd`dad pgrln pgnnm

il`lb bgnklml pg`laslnlln pgbd`dcln ubub, pgstl igbjarls `dbl tlcunln.

Egraldtln ignmln pgnyg`gnmmlrlln _gbdù @gmds`lh iln _gbdù _rgsdign-

]lad` _rgsdign 5?<9, adnd bu`ld tgrigmlr sulrl-sulrl ylnm bgrlmualn ngtrl`dtls YND.

Vgkub`lc al`lnmln aclwlr YND laln egrpdcla agplil ag`jbpja tgrtgntu, ignmln

tukuln bgbgnlnmaln ag`jbpja idblasui il`lb pgrgeutln aursd agaulslln

(`gmds`lh iln gasgauh). Dtu`lc ylnm tgrklid plil blsl Jrig Elru id elwlc

agpgbdbpdnln Vjgclrtj.

YND, ltlu ylnm agal egrnlbl LEUD (Lnmaltln Egrsgnkltl Ugpue`da

Dnijngsdl), idplald sgelmld l`lt j`gc Vjgclrtj untua bg`lnmmgnmaln agaulsllnnyl.

Vg`ldn YND, Vjgclrtj plil wlatu ylnm egrslblln, untua bg`lnmmgnmaln agaulslln

Vjgclrtj kuml bgnmgnil`daln Mj`jnmln Alryl (plrtld) iln Ajrps _gmlwld Ngmgrd

Ugpue`da Dnijngsdl ltlu Ajrprd (edrjarlt). Dtu`lc sgelenyl plil zlbln Jrig Elru

idagnl` ds`lc LEM (LEUD, edrjarlt, Mjàlr).

Edslalc YND egrsdalp ngtrl`: _lnm`dbl YND Kgnigrl` Bjgìjaj suilc

bgnklbdn YND laln ngtrl` iln prjhgsdjnl` il`lb bgnkl`lnaln tupjasd YND ylnm

sgelmldblnl tg`lc idmlrdsaln j`gc unilnm-unilnm. YND ila ej`gc lmd egradprlc

il`lb pj`da prlas.

Adnd elnyla pgrwdrl YND ylnm egrmg`lr blstgr iln ijatjr. Agegrlilln

bgrgal pls`lc egrmunl untua bgnmclilpd tlntlnmln zlbln. J`gc alrgnl dtu,

rlaylt kuml ila l`grmd tgrclilp fl`jn prgsdign ylnm egr`ltlr eg`lalnm bd`dtgr,

sg`lbl alplsdtls iln alpled`dtls bgrgal bgblild.

_gnmmd YND adnd sgilnm egrupl bgndnmaltaln prjhgsdnl dsbg YND. Elmus.

Adtl tgntu ej`gc egrclrlp YND egnlr-egnlr edsl egrsdalp prjhgsdjnl` sgal`dmusprjpjrsdjnl`. Bdsl`nyl, ila sgrlbplnmln agal tgrplasl clrus egrclilpln

ignmln rlayltnyl sgnidrd. Eualnalc lil unmalpln (a`dsg), ‒YND lil`lc lnla alniunm

rlaylt‒:

Idrmlclyu Ygntlrl Nlsdjnl` Dnijngsdl!

V G @ L

Cgnirda Lrylntj, VC_gbdbpdn Ugilasd


Majalah Integritas OKTOBER 2013

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