7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

1/13

LOPHOPHORATAPhylum Bryozoa, Phylum Brachiopoda,

dan Phylum Entoprocta,

http://ds5k.kemdiknas.go.id/indeks.ph

p?page=1

Benny A.J. Gosari

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

2/13

LOPHOPHORATA

4 phyla (Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Phoronida, dan

Brachiopoda) memiliki persamaan : dalamproses mencari makan menggunakan organ

berongga yang memiliki tentakel yang disebut

Lophophore

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

3/13

Bryozoans: Colonial animals that

superficially resemble mosses

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

4/13

Phylum Bryozoa Karakteristik : (Hewan Lumut) 1. Symmetry is bilateral. There occurs no segmentation. Triploblastic.

2. Colonial. The individuals are minutely small, each in its own housing(zooecium). Polymorphism in some.

3. Digestive canal complete(U-shaped). The mouth is surrounded by aretractile lophophore with ciliated tentacles. The anus opening outside thelophophores.

4. Coelom well developed into two parts. No circultory or respiratory organspresent.

5. No nehpridia.

6. A nerve ganglia between mouth and anus.

7. The sexes are usually united and gonads are formed from peritoneum. Theeggs are feritilized in the coelom or externally. The eggs are usually brooded ina modified zooecium (ooecium) among the tentacles, in the coelom or in apartition of reproductive individual. The larva is a trochopore. Colonies areformed by asexual budding.

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

5/13

Kelas .......... Phylactolaemata (Bryozoa air tawar)

Kelas .......... Stenolaemata (Bryozoa lautOrdovisium-terakhir

,750 genera)

Order ............... Cyclostomata (Ordovisium-Recent)Order ............... Cystoporata (Ordovisium-Triasik, 100 genera)Order ............... Trepostomata (Ordovisium-Triasik, 200 genera)Order ............... Cryptostomata (Ordovisium-Permian, 90 genera)

Order ............... Fenestrata (Ordovisium-Triasik, 100 genera)Kelas .......... Gymnolaemata (Ordovisium-terakhir, 1050 genera)

Order ............... Ctenostomata (Ordovisium-terbaru, 50 genera)Order ............... Cheilostomata (Jurassic-terakhir, 1000 genera)

Phylum Bryozoa

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

6/13

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

7/13

Phylum BrachiopodaKarakteristik : (Kaki di lengan/lamp shell)

1. Symmetry bilateral. No segmentation. Triploblastic.

2. External is covered with a shell, dorsal and ventral valves are unlike.The shell usually has a fleshy peduncle for attachment.

3. Mouth preceded by an extensive two armed lophophore. Thedigestive canal exists with or without an anus.

4. The coelom is well developed and filled with fluids. The circulatorysystem is open. The blood is colourless and with coelomocytes.

5. Excretion takes place by one or two nephridia serving also asreproductive ducts.

6. A nerve ring about gullet.

7. The sexes are usually seperate, each with paired gonads. Eggs andsperm are discharged into the seawater around it. A free

swimming ciliated larva is born. No asexual reproduction takes place.

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

8/13

Kelas .......... Inarticulata (Cambria-terkini, approx. 220 genera)Order ............... Lingulida (Cambria-terbaru, 85 genera)Order ............... Acrotrerida (Cambria-terkini, 120 marga)

Order ............... Discinida (Ordovisium-Recent)Order ............... Siphonotretida (Cambria-Ordovisium)

Order ............... Paterinda (Cambria-Ordovisium, 14 genera)Order ............... Craniida (Cambria-Recent)Order ............... Craniopsida (Ordovisium-Karbon)Order ............... Trimerellida (Ordovisium-Silur)Order ............... Obolellida (Cambria-Kambrium, 10 genera)

Order ............... Kutorginida (Cambria-Kambrium)Kelas .......... Articulata (Cambria-terkini, appox. 3.200 genera)

Order ............... Orthida (Kambrium-Permian, 340 genera)Order ............... Strophomenida (Ordovisium-Triasik, 865 genera)Order ............... Pentamerida (Cambrian-Devonian., 160 genera)

Order ............... Rhynchonellida (Ordovisium-terakhir, 520 genera)Order ............... Spiriferida (Ordovisium-Jurasik, 720 genera)Order ............... Terebratulida (Devon-terkini, 540 genera)

Order ............... Thecideidina (Trias-terbaru, 28 genera) )

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

9/13

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

10/13

Phylum EntoproctaKarakteristik :

1. Contains approximately 150 species of minute,

tentaculate, sessile animals that were formerly includedin Bryozoa.

2. In contrast to bryozoans, however, the anus ofentoprocts is located within the circle of tentacles, a

coelom is absent and an exoskeleton is lacking.3. A pair of protonephridia is present

4. Entoprocts are almost entirely marine and may besolitary or colonial.

5. Entoprocts are hermaphrodites and many brood theireggs.

6. Spiral cleavage typically leads to a planktotrophic larva

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

11/13

(A) Arborescent colonies ofBugula;

(B) Patches of an encrusting ectoproct,

Membranipora.

(C) The fleshy bryozoan Alcyonium verilli.

(D) Conopeum seurati.

A B C D

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

12/13

CLASS GYMNOLAEMATA: Highly diverse group of primarily

marine ectoprocts.

ORDER CTENOSTOMATA: Colonies vary in shape; skeleton,leathery, chitinous, or gelatinous, not calcified; openingsthrough which zooids protrude lack opercula; without

ovicells for brooding embryos; without avicularia. ORDER CHEILOSTOMATA: Colony form varies, but generally

of box-shaped zooids with calcareous walls; openingsusually with opercula; zooids often polymorphic; embryosusually brooded in ovicells.

CLASS STENOLAEMATA: Marine ectoprocts.

CLASS PHYLACTOLAEMATA: Freshwater ectoprocts.

Cristatella, Hyalinella, Lophophus,Lophopodella, Pectinatella,

Plumatellae : Urnatella Ex;Urnatella gracilis cosmopolitan.

7/27/2019 LOPHOPHORATA.pdf

13/13