Linac Dental

7/30/2019 Linac Dental

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Accelerator

sumarsono


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Linear particle accelerator (disebut jugaLINAC) adalah instrumentasi untuk percepatan(acceleration) dari partikel subatomic.

Particle accelerator memiliki banyak aplikasi,salah satunya adalah dibidang medik untukmembangkitkan sinar-X berenergi tinggi bagikeperluan terapi (radioterapi). Desain pesawatlinac tergantung jenis partikel yang dipercepat:electron, proton atau ion. Jangkauan ukuran dariseukuran cathode ray tube hingga sepanjang 2-

mil Stanford Linear Accelerator Center diCalifornia. ; Untuk keperluan radioterapi 0.5 1.5 meter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Linear_Accelerator_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Linear_Accelerator_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron


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Alinear particle accelerator consists of the following

elements:

Sumber partikel.

The design of the source depends on the particlethat is being accelerated. Electrons are

generated by a cold cathode, a hot cathode, aphotocathode, or RF ion sources. Protons aregenerated in an ion source, which can havemany different designs. If heavier particles areto be accelerated, (e.g. uraniumions), aspecialized ion source is needed.

A high voltage source for the initial injection ofparticles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_antenna_ion_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_antenna_ion_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron


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A hollow pipe vacuum chamber. Thelength will vary with the application. If thedevice is used for the production of X-rays

for inspection or therapy the pipe may beonly 0.5 to 1.5 meters long. If the deviceis to be an injector for a synchrotron itmay be about ten meters long. If thedevice is used as the primary acceleratorfor nuclear particle investigations, it maybe several thousand meters long.

Within the chamber, electrically isolatedcylindrical electrodes whose length varieswith the distance along the pipe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron


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One or more sources of radio frequency energy, usedto energize the cylindrical electrodes. A very highpower accelerator will use one source for each

electrode. The sources must operate at precise power,frequency and phase appropriate to the particle typeto be accelerated to obtain maximum device power

An appropriate target. If electrons are accelerated to

produce X-rays then a water cooled tungsten target isused. Various target materials are used when protonsor other nuclei are accelerated, depending upon thespecific investigation. For particle-to-particle collision

investigations the beam may be directed to a pair ofstorage rings, with the particles kept within the ringby magnetic fields. The beams may then be extractedfrom the storage rings to create head on particle

collisions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rays


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Blok Diagram Linac

Powe supply

modulator

Electron gun

Magnetron

Or

Klystron

Treatment head


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Types of AcceleratorThe acceleration of the particles can be

made with three general methods: Electrostatically: The particles are accelerated

the electric field between two different fixedpotentials. Examples include theVan de Graaf,Pelletron and Tadem accelerators.

Induction a pulsed voltage is applied aroundmagnetic cores. The electric field produced bythis voltage is used to accelerate the particles.

Radio frequensi RF : The electric field

component ofradio waves acclerate particlesinside a partially closed conducting cavity actingas a RF cavity resonator. Examples incude thetravelling wave, Alvarez and Wideroe cavity typeaccelerators.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_de_Graaf_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelletronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_acceleratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_de_Graaf_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelletronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_acceleratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_resonatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_resonatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_resonatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_acceleratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelletronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_de_Graaf_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field


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AdvantagesMedical linacs utilise monoenergetic

electron beams between 4 and 25 MeV,giving an x-ray output with a spectrum ofenergies up to and including the electronenergy. The x-rays treat both benign andmalignant disease. The reliability,flexibility and accuracy of the radiationbeam produced has largely supplanted

cobalt therapy as a treatment tool. Inaddition, the device can simply bepowered off when not in use; there is nosource requiring heavy shielding.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_therapy


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Disadvantages The device length limits the locations where one may be

placed. A great number of driver devices and their associated

power supplies are required, increasing the constructionand maintenance expense of this portion

If the walls of the accelerating cavities are made ofnormally conducting material and the accelerating fieldsare large, the wall resistivity converts electric energy intoheat quickly. On the other hand superconductors havevarious limits and are too expensive for very largeaccelerators. Therefore, high energy accelerators suchas SLAC, still the longest in the world, (in its various

generations) are run in short pulses, limiting the averagecurrent output and forcing the experimental detectors tohandle data coming in short bursts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAC


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Radioterapi

Pengobatan kanker (tumor ganas) denganradiasi.

Tujuan :

- Menyembuhkan (primer)

- Penunjang / kombinasi terapi

- Meringankan / memperlambatpertumbuhan tumor


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Teknik Radioterapi

Suatu target diberi radiasi sebesar x rad

Untuk mecapai dosis target dilakukansecara bertahap (y kali) pada tempat yangberbeda-beda sehingga targetmemperoleh radiasi sebasar x rad namun

jaringan organ normal disekitarnya di

upayakan tidak dipengaruhi.


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Dental unit dan Pesawat

panoramik


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Panoramik

Mengambilgambar gigi-geligisecara

tomografi/irisan Seluruh gigi

terliputi

FILM


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