(Laswin)Kebijakan Penanganan Perubahan Iklim Internasional.ppt
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Transcript of (Laswin)Kebijakan Penanganan Perubahan Iklim Internasional.ppt
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8/10/2019 (Laswin)Kebijakan Penanganan Perubahan Iklim Internasional.ppt
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Kebijakan Penanganan
Perubahan Iklim Internasional
Dr. Lawin Bastian
Sekretaris Pokja Mitigasi, DNPI
Seminar Nasional Mitigasi dan Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim
Menuju Tata Kelola Hutan dan Lahan Lestari
Jakarta, 18-19 November 2014
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Brief history of Climate Change Negotiations
1988 Establishment of IPCC1992 UNFCCC adopted (entry into force in 1994)
1995 COP-1 : Berlin Mandate adopted
1997 Kyoto Protocol adopted, entry into force in 2005; negotiation under the KP
(AWG-KP)
2001 Marrakesh Accords (implementation rules) adopted2007 Bali Action Plan adopted; negotiation under the UNFCCC (AWG-LCA) launched
2009 COP-15: Copenhagen Accord (not adopted by COP)
2010 COP-16: Cancun Agreements
2011 COP-17: Durban Platform Agreement; launching negotiation on 2015
Agreement
2012 COP-18: Doha Climate Gateway (including 2CP of the KP)
2013 COP-19: Warsaw
2014 COP-20: Lima
2015 COP-21: Paris (expected to adopt 2015 Agreement)
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Implementation of 2020 target and Itinerary toward a new legal
instrument, to start from 2020
Negotiati
on
toward a
new
instrume
nt from
2020
Actions
to betaken
up to
2020
2012 201520142013 2020
C
O
P18
C
O
P21
AWG on Durban Platform (ADP)
C
A
Adoption
Entry into
force
IPCC AR 5
Implementation of CA
2ndCP (2013 ~ 2020)
Review of long term target
(2013 ~ 2015)
1stCP
AWG KPK
P
AWG LCA
Compliance assessment
of 1stCP
Finish work by 2015
Ratification
Source: Takamura based on MOE
Start in the 1sthalf
of 2012
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Negotiation up to 2015 (COP-21)
C
O
P19
2013 2014 2015 2020
C
O
P
20
C
O
P
21
Entryintoforceand
implementation
Preparation and
communication of INDC
Elaboration of elements of
negotiating text
Elaboration
of N textNegotiation A
doption
Negotiation
continues?
Ratification?Consultation?
June:
Negotiation
text
March:
Submission
of INDCSource: Takamura
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Negotiation toward a 2015 agreement
Launch a process to develop a protocol,
another legal instrument or an agreed
outcome with legal force under the
Convention applicable to all parties
A protocol
Another legal instrument
An agreed outcome with legal force
Legal binding of the instrument remains
undecided.
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Perjanjian Perubahan Iklim 2015
Berdasarkan pada science.
Secara umum terdiri dari meat dan
bones.Meat:definisi, prosedur/mekanisme, ..
Bones: rencana aksi yang dilakukan
masing-masing negara (kontribusi)Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDC).
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Pemahaman INDC
1. INDCs merefleksikan kontribusi negara untukmencapai tujuan Konvensi.
2. Kontribusi tersebut ditentukan berdasarkan
faktor yang dipertimbangkan relevan(kemampuan, circumstances, global goal, dll).
3. Kontribusi hendaknya dapat dikuantifikasi.
4. Kontribusi hendaknya dilengkapi denganinformasi sehingga dapat dimengerti (upfront
information).
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Contributions to ultimate objective of the Convention (Art.2)stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrationsin the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow
ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production
is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a
sustainable manner.
Pre-2020
Kyoto Protocol Voluntary GHG Emissions
Reduction (RAN/RAD GRK) 26% and 41%
Law and regulation, strategy,program
GHG Inventory
National Communication
BUR
Institutional arrangement
Post-2020
The 2015 Agreement INDCs
Up-front
information
Average temperature < 2 C
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Pandangan mempertahankan 2 C
Dalam konteks global, mitigasi merupakan
pra-syarat dari adaptasi (negara maju).
Namun dalam skala nasional, sebagian negara
memandang bahwa adaptasi merupakan pra-
syarat dari mitigasi (negara berkembang).
Perlu memahami Kontribusi dalam INDC.
Common but differentiated responsibility
National circumstances
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2020 (Baseline)
GHGemissionsra
te
Proyeksi emisi GRK
meningkat dari 1,72 to 2,95
Gton CO2e (2000-2020).
2005 (Base
15%
NAMAs
INDCs26
%
Ratifikasi Konvensi danKyoto Protokol
Perjanjian 2015
Proyeksi emisi GRK?
Target reduksi emisi?
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Up-front information relevant to all types of
contributions
Base year, target year/period, sector coverage, GHG coverage,GWP, inventory methodology, use of market units, land use
approach, conditions attached to target (upper bound of
target coridor), indicators related to fairness and ambition
Up-front information relevant to specific types of
contributions
Quantified
Absolute
Target:
Projections of
emissions
Intensity
Target:
GDP in base
year
Deviation
Business-As-
Usual:
Projected
emissions in
BAU for target
year/period
Set of Policies
and
Measures:
Description of
policy
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Tantangan yang dihadapi
Mobilisasi sumber daya
common understanding
Pengumpulan dan kualitas data
Perbaikan sistem dan kapasitas saat ini sebagai
antisipasi Perjanjian 2015
Peraturan perundang-undangan
Pengaturan kelembagaan
Strategi, program dan kegiatan
Metodologi
MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, Verification)
Pendanaan dan peningkatan kapasitas
Penelitian dan pengembangan
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Terimakasih