LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH CEPOKAK (Solanum torvum Swartz) TERHADAP

KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDA (MDA) TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus

strain Wistar) YANG DIINDUKSI

ISONIAZID DAN RIFAMPISIN

Oleh:

JUNDI ABYAN

201410330311088

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2018

HASIL PENELITIAN

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH CEPOKAK (Solanum torvum Swartz) TERHADAP

KADAR MDA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) YANG

DIINDUKSI

ISONIAZID DAN RIFAMPISIN

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh:

JUNDI ABYAN

201410330311088

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2018

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh,

Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang senantiasa memberikan dan melimpahkan Rahmat serta

Ridha-Nya, sehingga penulisan tugas akhir dengan judul “Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Cepokak

(Solanum torvum Swartz) Terhadap Kadar malondialdehida (MDA) Tikus Putih Jantan

(Rattus novergicus strain Wistar) yang diinduksi Isoniazid dan Rifampisin” dapat

terselesaikan. Begitu pula atas kehendakNya gerakan tangan serta pikiran dapat selaras dalam

penyelesaian karya tulis akhir ini.

Dalam penyelesaian tugas akhir ini penulis banyak mengalami kesulitan, tetapi berkat

dukungan, bimbingan, dan bantuan dari dosen pembimbing dalam rangka penyusunan dan

dorongan dari berbagai pihak akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

Penulis menyadari bahwa penelitian ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, karenanya kritik

dan saran yang membangun sangat diharapkan peneliti demi kesempurnaan penyusunan. Semoga

tugas akhir ini bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh

Penulis

Malang, 6 Juni 2018

DAFTAR ISI halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................................................ iv

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ..................................................................................................................v

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................... vi

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ......................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................................................x

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................. xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... xvii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ........................................................................................................... xviii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang ...............................................................................................................1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................................................3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................................................3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .......................................................................................................3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ......................................................................................................3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .........................................................................................................4

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademik................................................................................................4

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ......................................................................................................4

1.4.2 Manfaat Masyarakat..............................................................................................4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................5

2.1 Hepar ..............................................................................................................................5

2.1.1 Anatomi Hepar ......................................................................................................5

2.1.2 Fisiologi Hepar......................................................................................................7

2.1.3 Histologi Hepar .....................................................................................................8

2.1.4 Metabolisme Obat di Hepar ..................................................................................9

2.1.5 Intoksikasi Hepar Akibat Obat (Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity) .........................11

2.2 Tuberkulosis (TB) .......................................................................................................11

2.3 Isoniazid (INH) dan Rifampisin (RIF) .........................................................................12

2.3.1 Isoniazid (INH) ....................................................................................................12

2.3.2 Rifampisin (RIF) .................................................................................................13

2.4 Mekanisme Hepatotoksisitas INH dan RIF .................................................................14

2.5 Cepokak (Solanum torvum Swartz) ............................................................................15

2.5.1 Epidemiologi .......................................................................................................15

2.5.2 Taksonomi...........................................................................................................15

2.5.3 Morfologi ............................................................................................................16

2.5.4 Kandungan ..........................................................................................................17

2.5.4.1 Asam Gallat ...............................................................................................17

2.5.4.2 Flavonoid ...................................................................................................17

2.5.4.3 Saponin ......................................................................................................18

2.5.4.4 Tanin ..........................................................................................................18

2.6 Radikal Bebas, Stress Oksidatif, Malondialdehida (MDA) .........................................19

2.6.1 Radikal Bebas dan Stress Oksidatif ....................................................................19

2.6.2 Malondialdehida (MDA) ....................................................................................20

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .............................................24

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ..................................................................................24

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................................................26

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................................................27

4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ...................................................................................27

4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ......................................................................................27

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ...................................................................................27

4.3.1 Populasi ...............................................................................................................27

4.3.2 Sampel.................................................................................................................27

4.3.3 Besar sampel .......................................................................................................27

4.3.4 Teknik pengambilan sampel ...............................................................................28

4.3.5 Karakteristik sampel penelitian ...........................................................................29

4.3.5.1 Kriteria inklusi ........................................................................................29

4.3.5.2 Kriteria drop out .....................................................................................29

4.3.6 Variabel penelitian ..............................................................................................29

4.3.6.1 Variabel bebas .........................................................................................29

4.3.6.2 Variabel tergantung .................................................................................29

4.3.6.2 Variabel Perancu .....................................................................................30

4.3.7 Definisi operasional variabel ..............................................................................30

4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................................31

4.4.1 Alat ......................................................................................................................31

4.4.2 Bahan ..................................................................................................................33

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ......................................................................................................34

4.5.1 Tahap aklimatisasi dan pengelompokan tikus ....................................................34

4.5.1.1 Tahap aklimatisasi ..................................................................................35

4.5.1.2 Tahap pengelompokan tikus ...................................................................36

4.5.2 Pembuatan ekstrak buah cepokak (Solanum torvum Swartz) 37 4.5.3 Penentuan

dosis ekstrak buah cepokak (Solanum torvum S) ) .......................................................37

4.5.4 Penentuan dosis isoniazid dan rifampisin ............................................................37

4.6 Pelaksanaan Perlakuan Penelitian ................................................................................38

4.7 Tahap Pembedahan dan Pengukuran MDA .................................................................39

4.8 Penanganan Hewan Coba Setelah Pembedahan .........................................................40

4.9 Alur Penelitian .............................................................................................................41

4.10 Analisis Data ..............................................................................................................42

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ..............................................................44

5.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................................44

5.2 Analisis Data ................................................................................................................45

5.2.1 Uji Normalitas ......................................................................................................46

5.2.2 Uji Homogenitas ...................................................................................................47

5.2.3 Uji one way anova ................................................................................................47

5.2.4 Uji post hoc bonferroni ........................................................................................47

5.2.5 Uji Regresi Linear ................................................................................................48

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................................50

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .........................................................................................54

7.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................................54

7.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................................55

LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................................................60

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 : Surat Hasil dan Analisis Data...……………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 2 : Dokumentasi Penelitian ……………………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 3 : Surat Keterangan Laik Etik………………………………………………………..Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 4 : Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian……………………………………………… Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 5 : Surat Keterangan Lolos Kajian Ilmiah…………………………………………….Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 6 : Surat Determinasi Ekstrak Tanaman Cepokak…………………………………….Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 7 : Surat Konsultasi Bimbing……………...………………………………………. 72

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