PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015/2016

LANDASAN TEORI PROGRAM

MIXED USE BUILDING

DI KOTA SURAKARTA

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Kontekstual

Permasalahan Dominan

Penerapan Green Space Pada Ruang Terbuka Untuk

Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

FARICHA PUTRI A – 12.11.0123

Dosen Pembimbing :

Ir. AFRIYANTO SOFYAN St.B , MT

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016

Program Studi Arsitektur

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Unika Soegijapranata

Semarang

Judul : Mixed Use Building

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontekstual

Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Green space pada ruang terbuka untuk

meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan

Penyusun : Faricha Putri A

NIM : 12.11.0123

Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B. MT.

NIDN : 0616046301

Semarang, 22 April 2016

Mengetahui dan mengesahkan

Dekan Ketua

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur

Dra. B. Tyas Susanti MA. PhD. Dr. Ir. Krisprantono PhD

NIDN 0626076501 NIDN 0616085701

iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016

Program Studi Arsitektur

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Unika Soegijapranata

Semarang

Judul : Mixed Use Building

Tema Desain : Arsitektur kontekstual

Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Green space pada ruang terbuka untuk

meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan

Penyusun : Faricha Putri A

NIM : 12.11.0123

Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B. MT.

Penguji :

Semarang, April 2016

Pembimbing

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B. MT.

NIDN. 0616046301

Penguji Penguji Penguji

Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Ir. CH.Koesmartadi, MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

NIDN. 0628126101 NIDN. 0616035901 NIDN. 0601035401

iv

SURAT PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, saya :

Nama : Faricha Putri A

NIM : 12.11.0123

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode

semester genap, 2015 / 2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur

dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

Judul : Mixed Use Building di Kota Surakarta

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontekstual

Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Green Space pada Ruang Terbuka untuk

Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan

Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B ,MT.

NIDN : 0616046301

Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, bila dikemudian hari ditemukan tindak plagiasi

dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas

siap menerima segala konsekuennya.

Semarang, 22 April 2016

Penulis,

Faricha Putri Aulia

NIM : 12.11.0123

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan puji syukur atas kehadirat Allah

SWT, telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penyususn dapat

menyelesaikan Proposal Tugas Akhir Arsitektur ini.

Proposal yang disajikan berjudul “Mixed Use Building di Kota

Surakarta” . Dalam penyusunan proposal ini saya memperoleh banyak

bantuan dan dukungan dari dukungan pihak – pihak sebagai berikut :

1. Dra . B. Tyas Susanti, MA, PhD selaku dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan

Desain

2. Dr. Krisprantono selaku ketua Fakultas Arsitektur Unika Soegijapranata

3. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B, MT selaku dosen pembimbing PAA 69, yang

selalu memberikan masukan dan motivasinya

4. Orang tua yang selalu memberi support.

5. Semua pihak yang telah membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak

langsung sehingga dapat tersusun proposal ini namun tidak dapat saya

sebutkan satu persatu.

penyusun mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga makalah ini dapat

bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.

Semarang, 29 Maret 2016

Penyusun

vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN COVER .................................................................................................... i

SURAT PERNYATAAN ............................................................................................ iv

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I ......................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang Mixed Use Building .............................................................. 1

1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ........................................................................................ 1

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran ...................................................................................... 2

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................... 3

1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Data Primer ............................................................................................ 6

1.4.2 Data Sekunder ........................................................................................ 7

1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................. 9

vii

BAB II ...................................................................................................................... 10

TINJAUAN PROJEK ............................................................................................... 10

2.1. Tinjauan Umum Mixed Use Building ........................................................... 10

2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................................. 10

2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Tren ............................................... 10

2.1.3. Sasaran yang akan dicapai Mixed Use Building ................................... 12

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus Mixed Use Building .......................................................... 13

2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................... 13

2.2.2. Tinjauan Kantor Sewa .......................................................................... 17

2.2.3. Tinjauan Mall ........................................................................................ 23

2.2.4. Tinjauan Hunian ................................................................................... 29

2.2.5. Kegiatan (Pelaku, Aktivitas, dan Fasilitas) ............................................ 45

2.2.6. Persyaratan Lokasi dan Tapak ............................................................. 50

2.2.7. Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota ............................................................. 51

2.2.8. Studi Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis................................................ 54

2.2.9. Permasalahan Desain .......................................................................... 62

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ......................................................... 63

2.3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 63

2.3.2. Batasan ................................................................................................ 63

2.3.3. Anggapan ............................................................................................. 64

viii

BAB III ..................................................................................................................... 65

ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................................ 65

3.1. Analisa Pendektan Arsitektur Mixed Use Building ....................................... 65

3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ....................................................................................... 65

3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ....................................................................................... 87

3.1.3. Studi ruang Khusus .............................................................................. 98

3.2. Analisa Pendeketan Sistem Bangunan ..................................................... 100

3.3. Anlisa Pendektan Konteks Bangunan ....................................................... 148

3.4. Anlisa Pendektan Tapak ........................................................................... 152

BAB IV ................................................................................................................... 165

PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................................................................................... 165

4.1. Konsep Program Mixed Use Building ........................................................ 165

4.1.1. Aspek Citra ......................................................................................... 165

4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ...................................................................................... 165

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................................. 166

4.1.4. Aspek Ramah Lingkungan .................................................................. 166

4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan

Perancangan Mixed Use Building ....................................................................... 167

4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan (design objective) ............................................. 167

4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan (design determinant) ........................... 167

ix

4.2.3. Faktor Pesyaratan Perancangan (design requirement) ...................... 168

4.3. Program Arsitektur Mixed Use Building ..................................................... 170

4.3.1. Program Besaran Ruang .................................................................... 170

4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................... 180

4.3.3. Lokasi dan tapak ................................................................................ 194

BAB V .................................................................................................................... 201

KAJIAN TEORI ...................................................................................................... 201

5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan/ Tema Desain ..................................................... 201

5.1.1. Uraian Inteprestasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain .............. 201

5.1.2. Studi Preseden Arsitektur Kontekstual ............................................... 206

5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Tema Desain Arsitektur Kontekstual ......... 208

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahn Dominan .......................................................... 209

5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi Dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ...... 209

5.2.2. Studi Preseden Open Space pada Bangunan .................................... 216

5.2.3. Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan.......................................... 221

Kepustakaan ......................................................................................................... 226

Lampiran ............................................................................................................... 229

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Peta Wilayah Surakarta ....................................................................... 52

Gambar 2. 2 Interior Braga Citiy Walk ...................................................................... 56

Gambar 2. 3 Perspektif Braga City Walk .................................................................. 56

Gambar 2. 4 Type Kamar di Fave Hotel Braga Bandung ........................................ 57

Gambar 2. 5 Type Apartment di Astron Braga Bandung .......................................... 57

Gambar 2. 6 Denah Type Apartment Aston Braga ................................................... 58

Gambar 2. 7 . Floor Directory ................................................................................... 58

gambar 2. 8 Master Plan Central Park Jakarta ........................................................ 59

gambar 2. 9 Central Park Agung Podomoro Grup ................................................... 60

Gambar 2. 10 Contoh Soho Central Park ................................................................. 60

gambar 2. 11 Central Park Pada Malam Hari ........................................................... 61

gambar 2. 12 Central Park Pada Pagi Hari .............................................................. 61

gambar 2. 13 Taman Pada Central park .................................................................. 62

gambar 2. 14 Perspektif Central Park ...................................................................... 62

Gambar 3. 1 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Kantor ............................................................... 73

Gambar 3. 2 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Hotel dan Apartment ........................................ 73

Gambar 3. 3 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Mall .................................................................. 74

Gambar 3. 4 Sirkulasi Barang .................................................................................. 74

Gambar 3. 5 Studi Ruang Khusus Hotel .................................................................. 98

Gambar 3. 6 Studi Toilet .......................................................................................... 99

xi

Gambar 3. 7 Pondasi Sumuran .............................................................................. 100

Gambar 3. 8 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................................... 102

Gambar 3. 9 Sistem Dinding Pemikul Lantai .......................................................... 104

Gambar 3. 10 Gambar Sistem Balok Pemikul Lantai ............................................ 105

Gambar 3. 11 Sistem Pelat Dasar .......................................................................... 106

Gambar 3. 12 Flat Slab System ............................................................................. 107

Gambar 3. 14 Space Frame ................................................................................... 110

Gambar 3. 17 Material Beton ................................................................................. 111

Gambar 3. 18 Material Baja ................................................................................... 112

Gambar 3. 19 Struktur Core ................................................................................... 115

Gambar 3. 20 Struktur Rangka .............................................................................. 116

Gambar 3. 21 Sistem Struktur Bearing Wall ........................................................... 117

Gambar 3. 22 Lantai Vinyl ...................................................................................... 119

Gambar 3. 23 Lantai Marmer dan Granit ............................................................... 120

Gambar 3. 24 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................ 121

Gambar 3. 25 Lantai Karpet Sumber www.google.com ........................................ 122

Gambar 3. 26 Cladding .......................................................................................... 123

Gambar 3. 27 Vinyl Cladding ................................................................................. 124

Gambar 3. 28 Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems ........................................... 125

Gambar 3. 29 Wood Cladding ................................................................................ 126

Gambar 3. 30 Roster .............................................................................................. 127

Gambar 3. 31 Aplikasi material kaca ...................................................................... 131

Gambar 3. 32 Aplikasi vertical landscape .............................................................. 131

xii

Gambar 3. 33 Sistem Utilitas Suplai Air bersih ....................................................... 135

Gambar 3. 34 Sistem Utlitas Pembuangan dan Pengelolahan Limbah Cair dan

Limbah Padat ......................................................................................................... 136

Gambar 3. 35 Skylight ............................................................................................ 137

Gambar 3. 36 Pencahayaan Buatan ...................................................................... 137

Gambar 3. 37 Sistem Utilitas Pencahayaam .......................................................... 138

Gambar 3. 38 Diagram Tipikal Pasokan Listrik ...................................................... 139

Gambar 3. 39 Sistem Utilitas Transportasi Gedung ............................................... 140

Gambar 3. 40 Sistem Utilitas Perawatan Kebersihan Gedung ............................... 141

Gambar 3. 41 Tangga Darurat ............................................................................... 142

Gambar 3. 42 Sistem UtilitasTelekomunukasi gedung ........................................... 143

Gambar 3. 43 Fire Alarm ........................................................................................ 145

Gambar 4. 1 Peta Rencana Pembagian BWK TAHUN 2011-2031 ........................ 194

Gambar 4. 2 Peta Rencana Kawasan Stategis th 2011 - 2031 .............................. 194

Gambar 4. 3 Kawasan Strategis kota Surakarta .................................................... 195

Gambar 4. 4 Rencana Pola Ruang Wilayah Surakarta .......................................... 195

Gambar 4. 5 Tapak Terpilih .................................................................................... 198

Gambar 5. 1 Louvre Pyramid ................................................................................. 207

Gambar 5. 2 Victoria house .................................................................................... 207

Gambar 5. 3 Hotel Alila Surakarta .......................................................................... 208

Gambar 5. 4 Fave Hotel ......................................................................................... 208

xiii

Gambar 5. 5 Sala View Hotel ................................................................................. 208

Gambar 5. 6 Interior Alila Hotel .............................................................................. 208

Gambar 5. 7 penggunaan atap limasan terpancung .............................................. 209

Gambar 5. 8 Ketinggian bangunan ........................................................................ 209

Gambar 5. 9 bentuk dasar persegi ......................................................................... 209

Gambar 5. 10 Urban Space and high rises ............................................................ 222

Gambar 5. 11 Penggunaan Bio-Retension Cells Untuk Pulau Pada Area Parkir ... 223

Gambar 5. 12 Pemutusan Curb/Areea Impermeeable ........................................... 223

Gambar 5. 13 Wind Turbin ..................................................................................... 224

Gambar 5. 14 Penggunaan photovoltaic ................................................................ 225

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3. 1 Diagram pertumbuhan penduduk ............................................................ 77

Tabel 3. 2 Presentase Pertumbuhan Penduduk Sumber : BPS kota Surakarta 2015

................................................................................................................................. 78

Tabel 3. 3 Diagram Wisnus di Kota Surakarta ......................................................... 79

Tabel 3. 4 Diagram Wisman di Kota Surakarta ....................................................... 79

Tabel 3. 5 Wisatawan yang berada di Surakarta ...................................................... 80

Tabel 3. 6 Jumlah Kamar Hotel ................................................................................ 81

Tabel 3. 7 Studi Fasilitas ......................................................................................... 92

Tabel 3. 8 jadwal Kegiatan Fasilitas ......................................................................... 75

Tabel 5. 1 Manfaat Ruang Terbuka Hijau ............................................................... 212

Tabel 5. 2 Standar Pepohonan .............................................................................. 216

Tabel 5. 3 Mixed Use di Jakarta ............................................................................. 217

Tabel 5. 4 Studi Literatur Penerapan Open Space Reserve Sumber: Hasil Olahan

Data Sekunder ....................................................................................................... 219

Tabel 5. 5 Tabel Mixed Use di Negara Lain ........................................................... 220